AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 1 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
• V
IN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V
• Fully Programmable Current with Single Wire
• 32-Step Logarithmic Scale
• 20/25mA Max Current per Channel
• Four Low Current Settings Down to 50µA
• Low IQ (50µA) for Low Current Mode
• Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge P ump for Max imum
Efficiency and VF Cover age
• Drives up to Six Channels of LEDs
• Individual Main/Sub-Group Control
• No Inductors, Low Noise Operation
• 0.5/1/2MHz Constant Switching Frequency
• Small Application Circuit
• Built-In Thermal Protection
• Built-In Auto-Disable For Open Cir cuit
• Automatic Soft Start
• I
Q <1µA in Shutdown
• Thermally-Enhanced QFN4040-16 Package: Available
in “Green” Molding Compound (No Br, Sb)
• Lead Free Finish / RoHS Compliant (Note 1)
The AP3156 is a low noise, constant frequency charge pump
DC/DC converter that uses a tri-mode load switch (1X), fractional
(1.5X), and doubling (2X) conversion to maximize efficiency for
white LED applications. The AP3156 is capable of driving the
LED channels at 120 mA maxim um from a 2.7V to 5.5V inpu t. The
current sinks ma y be op erated indiv idually or in paralle l for dr iving
higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1µF flying
capacitors and two small 1µF capacitors at VIN and VOUT) make
this part ideally suited for small, battery-powered applications.
AP3156 serial digital input is used to enable, disable and set
current for each LED with a 32-level logarithmic scale plus four
low-current settings down to 50µA for optimized efficiency, with a
low quiescent current of only 50µA.
Each output of the AP3156 is equipped with built-in protection for
VOUT short circuit and auto-disable for LED failure conditions.
Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current
during start-up. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the
load from VIN and reduces quiescent current to less than 1µA.
The AP3156 is available in a lead-free, space-saving, thermally
enhanced 16-pin 4x4mm QFN package.
Applications
• Color (RGB) Lighting
• Programmable Current Si nks
• White LED Backlighting
• White Photo Flash for Digital Still Cameras
Typical Application Circuit
VIN
1uF
CIN
AP3156
C2P
C2N
C1N
VOUT
D4
D1
D2
D3
GND
SDI
SDI 2
10
VIN 1uF
C2
8
5
1uF
C1
7
6
C1P
9,11
4
15
D6
LED
14
D5
LED
13
D4
LED
12
D3
LED
1uF
COUT
D5
D6 1
16
D2
LED
D1
LED
Features General Description
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 2 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Package PackingLead Free
7 : Tape & Reel
G : Green
AP 3156 FV G - 7
FV : QFN4040-16
Device Package
Code Packaging
(Note 2) 7” Tape and Reel
Quantity Part Number Suffix
AP3156FVG-7 FV QFN4040-16 1500/Tape & Reel -7
Notes: 1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied. Please visit our website at
http://www.diodes.com/products/lead_free.html
2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at
http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
VIN
C2P
D1
GND
4
3
2
1
10
11
12
9
SDI
D6
Exposed
Pad
8
7
6
5
13
14
15
16
NC
VOUT
C1P
C1N
C2N
GND
D5
D3
D2
(Top View)
D4
QFN4040-16
Ordering Information
Pin Assignments
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 3 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name Pin
Number Description
D6 1 Current Sink Input #6. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
SDI 2 Serial Digital Interface Control Pin
NC 3 No Connection
VOUT 4
Charge pump output to drive load circuit. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between
this pin and
g
round
C2P 5
Positive Terminal of Flying Capacitor 2. Connects a 1µF capacitor between C2P and
C2N.
C1P 6
Positive terminal of Flying Capacitor 1. Connects a 1µF capacitor between C1P and
C1N.
C1N 7 Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor 1
C2N 8 Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor 2
GND 9, 11 Ground.
VIN 10 Input Power Supply. Requires 1µF capacitor between this pin and ground.
D1 12 Cu rrent sink input #1. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D2 13 Cu rrent sink input #2. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D3 14 Cu rrent sink input #3. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D4 15 Cu rrent sink input #4. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D5 16 Cu rrent sink input #5. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
GND EP PAD Exposed Pad (bottom). Connected to GND directly underneath the package.
Functional Block Diagram
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 4 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 3)
Symbol Description Rating Unit
ESD HBM Human Body Model ESD Protection 2 KV
ESD MM Machine Model ESD Protection 200 V
VIN Input Voltage -0.3 to 6 V
VSDI SDI to GND Voltage -0.3 to VIN +0.3 V
IOUT Maximum DC Output Current 150 mA
TJ Operating Junction Temperature Range -40 to 150 °C
TLEAD Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) 300 °C
Notes: 3. Exceeding Absolute Maximum Ratings will cause permanent damage to the device.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol Paramete
r
Min Max Units
VIN Input Voltage 2.7 5.5 V
TA Operating Ambient Temperature -40 85 °C
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 5 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Electrical Characteristics
CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1.0µF; TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.5V. Unless otherwise noted.
Symbol Paramete
r
Test Conditions Min Typ. Max Unit
IQ Quiescent Current
1X Mode, 3.0≤VIN≤5.5, Active,
No Load Current 0.3 1
mA
1.5X Mode, 3.0 ≤VIN≤5.5, Active,
No Load Current 2.0 3
2X Mode, 3.0≤VIN≤5.5, Active,
No Load Current 1.5 3
50µA Setti ng, 1X Mode 50 µA
ISHDN Shutdown Curr ent SDI = 0 1 µA
IDX ISINK Current Accuracy
(Note 4) ISET = 20mA (Note 5), TA = 25°C 18.6 20 21.4 mA
ISET = 4mA (Note 5), TA = 25°C 3.6 4 4.4 mA
ID-Match Current Mat ching Between Any
Two Current Sink Inputs
(Note 6)
VF:
D1:D6 = 3.6V 0.5 %
VTH 1X to 1.5X or 1.5X to 2X
Transition Threshold at Any
ISINK Pin ISET = 25mA 150 mV
Charge Pump Section
TSS Soft-Start Time 40 µs
FCLK Clock Frequency 0.5/
1/
2 MHz
SDI VSDI
(
L
)
SDI Threshold Low VIN = 2.7V 0.4 V
VSDI
(
H
)
SDI Threshold High VIN = 5.5V 1.4 V
TSLO SDI Low Time 0.3 50 µs
TSHI SDI High Time 0.05 50 µs
TOFF SDI Off Timeout 256 µs
TSEP SDI Valid Sequence Timeout 256 µs
ISDI SDI Input Leakage -1 1 µA
θJA Thermal Resistance
Junction-to-Ambient QFN4040-16 (Note 7) 46
oC/W
Notes: 4. Determined by the average current levels of all active channels
5. Sequence setting set to give nominal 20mA max output current and 4mA output current.
6. Defined as the deviation of any sink current from the average of all active current channels
7. Device mounted on FR-4 substrate, 2"*2", 2oz, copper, double-sided PC board,
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 6 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Typical Performance Characteristics
Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage
Turn-On to 1X Mode
(VIN = 4.2V; 20mA Load)
Turn-On from 1.5X Mode
(VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load) Turn-On to 2X Mode
(VIN = 2.7V; 20mA Load)
Turn-Off from 1.5X Mode
(VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load) Current Matching vs. Temperature
VF=3.3V
VF=3.0V
VF=2.8V
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 7 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Load Character istics
(VIN = 3.2V; 1.5X M ode; 10mA Load)
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 2.7V; 2X Mode; 20mA Load)
Load Character istics
(VIN = 3.5V; 1.5X M ode; 20mA Load)
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 3.1V; 2X Mode; 25mA Loa d)
Load Character istics
(VIN = 3.5V; 1.5X Mode; 25mA Load)
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 9 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Functional Description
The AP3156 is a tri-mode high efficiency six-channel charge
pump (1x, 1.5x or 2x) device intended for white LED backlight
applications. An internal comparator circuit compares the
voltage at each constant current sink input against a reference
voltage. To ensure maximum power efficiency, the most
appropriate switching mode (1x, 1.5x, 2x) is automatically
selected.
The AP3156 requires only four external components: two 1µF
ceramic flying capacitors (C1 an d C2) for the ch arge pump, one
1µF ceramic input capacitor (CIN), and one 1µF ceramic
charge pump output capacitor (COUT).
The each output channel of the AP3156 can drive six
individ ual LEDs with a maximum c urrent of 25mA per channel.
These can be paralleled to give a total output current of
150mA.
Constant Current Output Level Settings
The constant current level for the outputs is set via the Serial
Digital Interface and has a logarithmic variance. This results in
the LED brightness varying linearly when the settings in the
scale are traversed. Because the inputs D1 to D6 are true
independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on
any single given input will be determined by the difference
between VOUT and the actual forward voltage (VF) of the LED
being driven.
Since the constant current levels for the AP3156 are
programmable, no P WM (pulse w idth modu lation) or a dditional
control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. With its
high-speed serial interface (>1MH z da ta rate), the LE D cu rrent
drive of the AP3156 can be changed successively to brighten
or dim LEDs in sm ooth transitions or in abrupt steps, g iving the
user complete programmability and real-time control of LED
brightness.
There are 32 curren t level settings se parated from on e another
by approximately 0.5dB (see Constant Current Programming
Level table). Code 1 is full-scale current, and Code 31 is full
scale attenuated roughly 15dB. Code 32 is reserved as a “no
current” setting.
Constant Current Programming Level s (mA)
Data 20mA Max
IOUT (mA) 25mA Max
IOUT (mA )
1 20 25
2 18.9 23.6
3 17.8 22.3
4 16.8 21.0
5 15.9 19.9
6 15.0 18.7
7 14.2 17.7
8 13.4 16.7
9 12.6 15.8
10 11.9 14.9
11 11.2 14.1
12 10.6 13.3
13 10.0 12.5
14 9.5 11.8
15 8.9 11.2
16 8.4 10.5
17 8.0 10.0
18 7.5 9.4
19 7.1 8.9
20 6.7 8.4
21 6.3 7.9
22 6.0 7.5
23 5.6 7.0
24 5.3 6.7
25 5.0 6.3
26 4.7 5.9
27 4.5 5.6
28 4.2 5.3
29 4.0 5.0
30 3.8 4.7
31 3.6 4.4
32 0 0
Low Current Output Level Setting
The AP3156 has a distinct Low Current mode with ultra-low
quiescent current. F or drive currents of 2mA or less, the device
operates with significantly reduced quiescent current.
Low Current Programming Levels (mA)
Data Current (mA)
1 2
2 1
3 0.5
4 0.05
5 0
Serial Digital Interface
SDI is a general purpose 1-wire digital interface designed to
transport digital controls for power management ICs such as
AP3156. The current levels of the six channels can be
configured either together, individually or specific grouping.
Up to 32 current levels are allowed. A generic system
controller can easily support the SDI protocol via bit-banging
over its general purpose I/Os.
The SDI protocol is simple yet flexible enough to
accommodate different switching clock frequencies. Any
sequence of negative-edged pulses of 63 or less (see
Instruction & Data Table) separated by TSEP at the SDI pin is
interpreted by the AP3156 as a channel configuration event.
In future, the number of pulses can be extended to support
additional commands.
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 10 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Instruction & Data Table
First
Sequence Second
Sequence Description
1~3 - No Action
4~7 1~32 Reserved
8 1
2
3
4~32
Switching frequency selected to
0.5MHz
Switching frequency selected to
1MHz (default)
Switching frequency selected to
2MHz
Reserved
9 1
2
3
4~32
20mA Constant Current Mode,
32 current level supported
(default)
Low Current Mode, 4 current lev el
supported
25mA Constant Current Mode,
32 current level supported
Reserved
10 1~32* Set current level for all 6
Channels
11 1~32* Set current level for CH1, CH2,
CH3
12 1~32* Set current level for CH4, CH5,
CH6
13 1~32* Set current level for CH1, CH2,
CH3, CH4
14 1~32* Set current level for CH5, CH6
15 1~32* Set current level for CH1, CH2,
CH3, CH4, CH5
16 1~32* Set current level for CH6
17 1~32* Set current level for CH5
18 1~32* Set current level for CH4
19 1~32* Set current level for CH3
20 1~32* Set current level for CH2
21 1~32* Set current level for CH1
22~32 - Reserved
33 - Soft Reset
1) 1MHz switching frequency
2) 20mA Constant Current Mode
3) All Channels in Current Level
Setting 32 (0mA)
34 - Null Sequence
35~63 - Reserved
* Only 1~5 are valid current settings at Low Current Mode.
Disabled Current Sinks
Unused current channels must be disabled by connecting the
sinks to VOUT with only a small sense current flowing through
the disabled channel.
Soft-Start
Soft-start is incorporated to prevent excessive inrush current
during power-up, mode switching, and transitioning out of
stand-by mode.
Short- Circuit Protection
Short-circuit protection function is incorporated to prevent
excessive load current when either flying cap terminals or
output pin electrically tied to a very lower voltage or ground.
Over-Voltage Protection
Over-Voltage Protection function is incorporated to limit the
output voltage under a safe value to avoid on-chip device
breakdown.
Under- Voltage Lock out
Under-Voltage lockout feature disables the device when the
input voltage drops below UVLO threshold.
Thermal Auto Shut down
When the die temperature exceeds the thermal limit, the
device will be disabled and enter stand-by mode. The
operation resumes whenever the die cools off sufficiently.
Switching fre q uency
By default, the AP3156 is working at 1MHz switching
frequency. It can also work at 0.5MHz or 2MHz switching
frequency which can be set through the Serial Digital Interface.
An user can choose the appropriate switching frequency with
consideration of noise immunity, input and output voltage
ripple requirement, and capacitor selection.
Functional Description (Continued)
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 11 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
SDI Command Timing Protocol
For the SDI command to be successfully received by the AP3156, all SDI timing specifications must be satisfied.
When no command is being sent, the SDI pin should be held High. If the SDI pin goes Low and stays Low for a time length between
TSLO(min) and TSLO(max) and then goes High and stays High for the length between TSHI(min) and TSHI(max), one falling edge is
registered by the AP3156. The total number of falling edges registered before the SDI pin is held High for longer than the maximum
separation time TSEP(max) identifies the command that has been received by the AP3156. The next series of falling edges before
another separation time of TSEP represents the next command. In other words, the AP3156 counts the number of consecutive falling
edges on the SDI pin and a different number represents a different command.
Each command is executed after it is successfully received. If at any time the SDI pin is held Low for longer than the maximum chip
disable time TOFF(max), then the AP3156 will be turned off and enters the shut down mode. Setting the SDI pin switching from Low to High
will re-enable the AP3156 and leave the shutdown mode. If the SDI pin is held on for a time duration over TSEP, then an end of a
sequence (EOS) occurs with a number of pulse conformed to specified timing.
A valid dual-sequence command occurs when one valid sequence is defined as an instruction, and the other is defined as data. Both
sequences have number of pulses less than 33. Also, a valid single-sequence command occurs when the sequence has number of
pulses greater than 32.
Channel 1 in
dimming control
TSLO
TSHI TSEP
SDI
Channel D2
12910
821
Second Sequence
Channel D3
Channel D4
Channel D1
Channel Selection Current Setting
Set Channel 1 to current level 2.
Channel D5
Channel D6
Channel 2 in
dimming control Set Channel 2 to current level 2.
Channel 3 in
dimming control Set Channel 3 to current level 2.
Channel 4 in
dimming control Set Channel 4 to current level 2.
Channel 5 in
dimming control Set Channel 5 to current level 2.
Channel 6 in
dimming control Set Channel 6 to current level 2.
First Sequence
TSEP
Figure 1: Dimming Control Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
Serial Digital Interface
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 12 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
TSLO
TSHI TSEP
SDI 1 289
721
Second Sequence
Current Mode Selection Select Low Current Mode
First Sequence
TSEP
Figure 2: Current Mode Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
TSLO
TSHI TSEP
SDI 1 278
621
Second Sequence
Switching Frequency Selection Select Switching F r equency
to 1 MHZ
First Sequence
TSEP
Figure 3: Switching Frequency Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
TSLO
TSHI TSEP
SDI
1 232 33
31
Soft Reset
First Sequence
Figure 4: Soft Reset (Single-Sequence Command)
Serial Digital Interface (Continued)
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 13 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Marking Information
(1) QFN4040-16
XX : F7 : AP3156
Y : Year : 0~9
W : Week : A~Z : 1~26 week;
( Top View )
X : A~Z : Green
XY
XX
W
a~z : 27~52 week;
z represents 52 and 53 week
Part Number Package Identification Code
AP3156FVG-7 QFN4040-16 F7
Package Information (All Dimensions in mm)
(1) Package Type: QFN4040-16
Side View
0.10 C
0.08 C Seating Plane
A
B
C
0.10 CAB
0.25 A
2X-
0.65Typ. 0.28/0.38
0.55/0.65
3.90/4.10
2X- 0.25 B
3.90/4.10
Bottom View
C
L
0.05Max.
0.55/0.65
0.15Max.
16x-1.0
Land Pattern Recommendatrion
3.7
4
3.7
4
12x-0.65
(Pin #1 ID)
1
16
4
10
Bottom View
(Pin #1 ID)
2.3/2.5
2.3/2.5
16X-
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 14 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Note: 8. The taping orientation of the other package type can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02007.pdf
Taping Orientation (Note 8)
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP3156 Rev. 1 15 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
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