MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
Multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors
MCH15 (1005 (0402) size, chip capacitor)
!Features
1) Small size (1.0 x 0.5 x 0.5 mm) makes it perfect
for lightweight portable devices.
2) Comes packed either in tape to enable automatic
mounting or in bulk cases.
3) Precise uniformity of shape and dimensions facilitates
highly efficient automatic mounting.
4) Barrier layer and end terminations to improve
solderability.
!Structure
Internal electrode External electrode Ι (thick membrane layer)
External electrode ΙΙ (barrier layer)
External electrode ΙΙΙ (coating layer)
Ceramic element
!External dimensions (Units : mm)
1.0
±
0.05
0.3Min.0.1Min.
0.5
±
0.050.5
±
0.05
0.5
±
0.05
0.5
±
0.05
!Product designation
MCH 1 5 1 0 3 Z K5FN
Part No.
Rated voltage
Code
Voltage
225V
316V
550V D
± 0.5pF (5.1 ~ 10pF)
J
±
5% (11pF or more)
K± 10%
Z+ 80%, −20%
Code Code Code
tolerance
C
± 0.25pF (0.5 ~ 5pF)
Operating temperature (°C)
Temp. coefficient or percent change
Nominal
capacitance Capacitance tolerance
Capacitance-temperature characteristics
3-digit designation
according to IEC
Packaging style
Reel (φ180, φ330mm) : compatible with EIAJ ET-7200A
Bulk case: compatible with EIAJ ET-7201A
Code
Product thickness
Packaging specifications Reel
Basic ordening unit (pcs.)
K0.5mm
Paper tape (width 8 mm, pitch 2 mm)
φ
180mm (7in.)
10,000
L0.5mm
Paper tape (width 8 mm, pitch 2 mm)
φ
330mm (13in.)
50,000
C0.5mm Bulk case −50,000
A
CG(C0G)
−55~+125
−25~+85
(−55~+125)
0±30ppm/°C
CN R
B
(X7R)
−55~+125
±15%
±10%
(±15%)
FN F
(Y5V) −25~+85
(−30~+85) +
30%,
−
80%
(
+
22%,
−
82%)
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
!Capacitance range
MCH15
50V
A
(CG) (C0G)
For thermal compensation
Part number
Capacitance (pF)
Temperature
characteristics
0.5 ± 0.05Product thickness (mm)
Rated voltage
(V)
Tolerance
C ( ± 0.25pF)
D ( ± 0.5pF)
J ( ± 5%)
1
0.75
0.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.6
1.5
2.4
2.2
2
3.3
3
2.7
4
3.9
3.6
5
4.7
4.3
6
5.6
5.1
7
6.8
6.2
8.2
8
7.5
10
9.1
9
43
33
36
39
24
27
30
18
20
22
13
15
16
11
12
75
62
68
56
47
51
MCH15
50V
A
(CG) (C0G)
Part number
Capacitance (pF)
Temperature
characteristics
Rated voltage
(V)
Tolerance
J ( ± 5%)
240
130
150
160
180
200
220
100
110
120
82
91
560
430
470
510
330
360
390
270
300
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
MCH15
50V 16V 25V50V 16V
560,000
330,000
390,000
470,000
180,000
220,000
270,000
100,000
120,000
150,000
56,000
68,000
82,000
33,000
39,000
47,000
18,000
22,000
27,000
10,000
12,000
15,000
5,600
6,800
8,200
3,300
3,900
4,700
1,800
2,200
2,700
1,000
1,200
1,500
560
680
820
220
270
330
390
470
K ( ±10%)
(0.1µF)
(0.01µF)
CN (R) (B) (X7R) FN (F) (Y5V)
Z ( +80, −20%)
High dielectric constant
Part number
Capacitance (pF)
0.5 ± 0.05Product thickness (mm)
Temperature
characteristics
Rated voltage (V)
Tolerance
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
!Characteristics
A (CG) (C0G)
−55°
C ~
125°
C
Temperature characteristics
Item
Operating temperature
Nominal capacitance (C)
Dissipation factor (tan
δ
)
Insulation resistance (IR)
Withstanding voltage
Temperature characteristics
Terminal adherence
Resistance
to vibration
Solderability
Resistance
to soldering
heat
Temperature
cycling
High-
temperature
load test
Humidity load
test
Must be within the specified tolerance range.
100/(400+20C)% or less: Less than 30 pF
0.1% or less : 30 pF or larger
10,000M
Ω
or 500M
Ω ⋅ µ
F,
whichever is smaller
The insulation must not be damaged.
Within 0
±
30ppm/°
C
No detachment or signs of detachment.
There must be no mechanical damage.
Must be within initial tolerance.
Must satisfy initial specified value.
At least 3/4 of the surface of the two terminals
must be covered with new solder.
There must be no mechanical damage.
±
2.5% or
±
0.25 pF, whichever is larger.
Must satisfy initial specified value.
10,000M
Ω
or 500M
Ω ⋅ µ
F,
whichever is smaller
The insulation must not be damaged.
There must be no mechanical damage.
±
2.5% or
±
0.25 pF, whichever is larger.
Must satisfy initial specified value.
10,000M
Ω
or 500M
Ω ⋅ µ
F,
whichever is smaller
There must be no mechanical damage.
±
7.5% or
±
0.75 pF, whichever is larger.
0.5% or less
500M
Ω
or 25M
Ω ⋅ µ
F,
whichever is smaller
There must be no mechanical damage.
1,000M
Ω
or 50M
Ω ⋅ µ
F,
whichever is smaller
±
3.0% or
±
0.3 pF, whichever is larger.
0.3% or less
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Withstanding voltage
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Test methods/conditions
(based on JIS C 5102)
Based on paragraph 7.8 and paragraph 9
Measured at room temperature and standard humidity,
1000pF or less Measurement frequency
Measurement voltage
Over 1000pF Measurement voltage
Measurement frequency
Based on paragraph 7.6
Measurement is made after rated voltage is applied for 60
±
5s.
Based on paragraph 7.1
Apply 300% of the rated voltage for 1 to 5s then measure.
The temperature coefficients in table 12, paragraph 7.12 are
calculated at 20°
C
and high temperature.
Based on paragraph 8.11. 2.
Apply 5N for 10
±
1s in the
direction indicated by the arrow.
Capacitor
Test board
Pressure (5N)
Chip is mounted to a board in the manner
shown on the right, subjected to vibration
(type A in paragraph 8.2), and measured
24
±
2 hrs. later.
Board
Based on paragraph 8.13
Soldering temperature
Soldering time
Based on paragraph 8.14.
Soldering temperature
Soldering time
Preheating
Based on paragraph 9.3
Number of cycles : 5
Capacitance measured after 24
±
2 hrs.
Test temperature
Based on paragraph 9.9
Relative humidity
Applied voltage
Test time
Capacitance measured after 24
±
2 hrs.
Test temperature
Based on paragraph 9.10
Applied voltage
Test time
Capacitance measured after 24
±
2 hrs.
Class 1 (For thermal compensation)
: 1
±
0.1MHz
: 1
±
0.1Vrms.
: 1
±
0.1kHz
: 1
±
0.1Vrms.
: 235
±
5°
C
: 2
±
0.5s
: 260
±
5°
C
: 5
±
0.5s
: 150
±
10°
C
for 1 to 2 min.
: 40
±
2°
C
: 90% to 95%
: rated voltage
: 500 to 524 hrs.
: Max. operating temp.
: rated voltage
×
200%
: 1,000 to 1,048 hrs.
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
CN (R) (B) (X7R) FN (F) (Y5V)
−55°C ~ +125°C−30°C ~ +85°C
Class 2 (High dielectric constant)
Temperature characteristics
Item
Operating temperature
Nominal capacitance (C)
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance (IR)
Withstanding voltage
Temperature characteristics
Terminal adherence
Resistance
to vibration
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Solderability
Resistance
to soldering
heat
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Withstanding voltage
Temperature
cycling
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Humidity load
test
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
High-
temperature
load test
Appearance
Rate of capacitance change
Dissipation factor (tan
δ)
Insulation resistance
Must be within the specified tolerance range.
2.5% or less
(when rated voltage is 16V: 3.5% or less) 5.0% or less
(when rated voltage is 16V: 7.5% or less)
10,000M
Ω
or 500M
Ω ⋅ µ
F, whichever is smaller
The insulation must not be damaged.
Within
±
15%
+
22,
+
82%
No detachment or signs of detachment
There must be no mechanical damage.
Must be within initial tolerance.
Must satisfy initial specified value.
At least 3/4 of the surface of the two terminals must be covered with new solder.
There must be no mechanical damage.
Within
±
5.0% Within
±
20.0%
Must satisfy initial specified value.
10,000M
Ω
or 500M
Ω ⋅ µ
F, whichever is smaller
The insulation must not be damaged.
There must be no mechanical damage.
Within
±
7.5% Within
±
20.0%
Must satisfy initial specified value.
10,000M
Ω
or 500M
Ω ⋅ µ
F, whichever is smaller
There must be no mechanical damage.
±
12.5% or less Within
±
30.0%
5.0% or less 7.5% or less
(when rated voltage is 16V: 10.0%)
500M
Ω
or 25M
Ω ⋅ µ
F, whichever is smaller
There must be no mechanical damage.
Within
±
10.0% Within
±
30.0%
5.0% or less 7.5% or less
(when rated voltage is 16V: 10.0%)
1,000M
Ω
or 50M
Ω ⋅ µ
F, whichever is smaller
Test methods/conditions
(based on JIS C 5102)
Based on paragraph 7.8
Measured at room temperature and standard humidity,
Measurement frequency
Measurement voltage
Based on paragraph 7.6
Measurement is made after rated voltage
is applied for 60
±
5s.
Based on paragraph 7.1
Apply 250% of the rated voltage for 1 to 5s then measure.
The temperature coefficients in paragraph 7.12,
table 8, condition B, are based on measurements
carried out at 20
°
C
, with no voltage applied.
Based on paragraph 8. 11. 2.
Apply 5N for 10
±
1s
in the direction indicated
by the arrow.
Capacitor
Test board
Pressure (5N)
Chip is mounted to a board in the
manner shown on the right, subjected
to vibration (type A in paragraph 8.2),
and measured 48
±
4 hrs. later.
Board
Soldering temperature
Based on paragraph 8. 13
Soldering time
Based on paragraph 8. 14.
Soldering temperature
Soldering time
Preheating
Based on paragraph 9.3
Number of cycles : 5
Capacitance measured after 48
±
4 hrs.
Test temperature
Based on paragraph 9.9
Relative humidity
Applied voltage
Test time
Capacitance measured after 48
±
4 hrs.
Applied voltage
Test time
Capacitance measured after 48
±
4 hrs.
Test temperature
Based on paragraph 9.10
: 1
±
0.1 kHz
: 1.0
±
0.2 Vrms.
: 235
±
5
°C
: 2
±
0.5s
: 260
±
5
°C
: 5
±
0.5s
: 150
±
10
°C
for
1 to 2 min.
: 40
±
2
°C
: 90% to 95%
: rated voltage
: 500 to 524 hrs.
: Max. operating temp.
: rated voltage
×
200%
: 1,000 to 1,048 hrs.
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
!Packaging specifications
Taping Reel
Bulk case
MCH15 50,000pcs/case
EIAJ ET-7201 A compliant
12
slider
shutter
36
110
φ180 mm plastic reel
φ330 mm plastic reel
φ180 0
−1.5
φ60+ 1
0
11.4 ± 1.0
9.0 ± 0.3
φ13 ± 0.2
Label position
φ13 ± 0.2
EIAJ ET-7200A compliant
Label position
13.5 ± 1.0
φ330 ± 2
9.5 ± 0.5
φ80 ± 1
(Units : mm)
C
E
D
H
F
A
B
φJ
t
t1
(Paper taping) Pulling direction
Symbol
Dimensions
C
8.0
±0.3
E
1.75
±0.1
F
2.0
±0.05
Jt
0.7
±0.05
t1
0.8
MAX.
D
3.5
±0.05
H
4.0
±0.1 φ1.5
+0.1
0
Symbol
Size 1005
A
0.65 ±0.1
B
1.15 ±0.1
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
!Electrical characteristics
gA (C0G) Characteristics
−5
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
100500
−
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
Fig.1 Capacitance-temperature
characteristics
Fig.2 Impedance-frequency
characteristics
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
1 10 100 1000 10000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1pF
10pF
100pF
1pF
10pF
100pF
gCN (X7R) Characteristics
Fig.3 Capacitance-temperature
characteristics
30
20
10
0
−10
−20
−30
5
10
CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
Dissipation factor (%)
−80 −40 0 40 80 120 160
TEMPERATURE : (°C)
Fig.4 Impedance-frequency
characteristics
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
1 10 100 1000 10000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1,000pF
10,000pF
gFN (Y5V) Characteristics
Fig.5 Capacitance-temperature
characteristics
20
10
0
−10
−20
−30
−40
−50
−60
−70
−80
10
20
30
40
50
60
CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
Dissipation factor (%)
−80 −40 0 40 80 120 160
TEMPERATURE : (°C)
Fig.6 Impedance-frequency
characteristics
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
1 10 100 1000 10000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1,000pF
10,000pF
100,000pF
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
gTemperature cycling test
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
−1.0
−2.0
−3.0
INITIAL VALUE TESTED
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−55 / +125°C 100cyc
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
Fig.7 Rate of capacitance change
A (C0G) Characteristics (100pF)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0INITIAL VALUE TESTED
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−55 / +125°C 100cyc
tanδ : (%)
Fig.8 tanδ
IR : (Ω)
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−55 / +125°C 100cyc
INITIAL VALUE TESTED
Fig.9 Insulation resistance
1 × 10
10
1 × 10
11
1 × 10
12
15.0
10.0
5.0
0
−5.0
−10.0
−15.0
INITIAL VALUE TESTED
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−55 / +125°C 100cyc
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
Fig.10 Rate of capacitance change
CN (X7R) Characteristics (1,000pF)
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0INITIAL VALUE TESTED
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−55 / +125°C 100cyc
tanδ : (%)
Fig.11 tanδ
IIR : (Ω)
1 × 10
10
1 × 10
12
1 × 10
11
INITIAL VALUE TESTED
Fig.12 Insulation resistance
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−55 / +125°C 100cyc
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
−10.0
−20.0
−30.0
INITIAL VALUE TESTED
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
Fig.13 Rate of capacitance change
FN (Y5V) Characteristics (10,000pF)
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−30 / +85°C 100cyc
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0INITIAL VALUE TESTED
tanδ : (%)
Fig.14 tanδ
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−30 / +85°C 100cyc
IR : (Ω)
1 × 10
10
1 × 10
12
1 × 10
11
JIS C 5102 9. 3
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
−30 / +85°C 100cyc
INITIAL VALUE TESTED
Fig.15 Insulation resistance
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
gHigh-temperature load test
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.16 Rate of capacitance change
A (C0G) Characteristics (100pF)
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
−1.0
−2.0
−3.0
01000720420240
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+125°C 1,000h
tanδ : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.17 tanδ
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00 240 480 720 1000
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+125°C 1,000h
IR : (Ω)
TIME (h)
Fig.18 Insulation resistance
01000720480240
1
×
10
10
1
×
10
12
1
×
10
11
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+125°C 1,000h
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.19 Rate of capacitance change
CN (X7R) Characteristics (1,000pF)
15.0
10.0
5.0
0
−5.0
−10.0
−15.0
0 240 480 720 1000
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+125°C 1,000h
tanδ : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.20 tanδ
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
00 240 480 720 1000
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+125°C 1,000h
IR : (Ω)
TIME (h)
Fig.21 Insulation resistance
1
×
10
10
1
×
10
12
1
×
10
11
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+125°C 1,000h
0 240 480 720 1000
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.22 Rate of capacitance change
FN (Y5V) Characteristics (10,000pF)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
−10.0
−20.0
−30.0
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+85°C 1,000h
0 240 480 720 1000
tanδ : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.23 tanδ
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+85°C 1,000h
0 240 480 720 1000
IR : (Ω)
TIME (h)
Fig.24 Insulation resistance
1
×
10
10
1
×
10
11
1
×
10
12
0 240 480 720 1000
JIS C 5102 9. 10
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : 200% RATED VOLTAGE
+85°C 1,000h
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
MCH15
Ceramic capacitors
gHumidity load test
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
−1.0
−2.0
−3.0
240 480 7200 1000
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.25 Rate of capacitance change
A (C0G) Characteristics (100pF)
240 480 7200 1000
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
tanδ : (%)
TIME (h)
Fig.26 tanδ
240 480 7200 1000
IR : (Ω)
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
TIME (h)
Fig.27 Insulation resistance
1
×
10
10
1
×
10
11
1
×
10
12
15.0
10.0
5.0
0
−5.0
−10.0
−15.0
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
TIME (h)
CN (X7R) Characteristics (1,000pF)
240 480 7200 1000
Fig.28 Rate of capacitance change
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
tanδ : (%)
TIME (h)
240 480 7200 1000
Fig.29 tanδ
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
IR : (Ω)
1
×
10
10
1
×
10
12
1
×
10
11
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
TIME (h)
240 480 7200 1000
Fig.30 Insulation resistance
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
−10.0
−20.0
−30.0
RATE OF CAPACITANCE CHANGE : (%)
TIME (h)
FN (Y5V) Characteristics (10,000pF)
240 480 7200 1000
Fig.31 Rate of capacitance change
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
tanδ : (%)
TIME (h)
240 480 7200 1000
Fig.32 tanδ
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
IR : (Ω)
1
×
10
10
1
×
10
12
1
×
10
11
JIS C 5102 9. 9
SAMPLE SIZE : n = 50pcs
OVERLOAD : THE RATED VOLTAGE
+40°C 90 ~ 95%RH 1,000h
0 240 480
TIME (h)
720 1000
Fig.33 Insulation resistance
∗The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Before ordering or using, please check the latest technical specification.
