LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 LM3557 Step-Up Converter for White LED Applications Check for Samples: LM3557 FEATURES DESCRIPTION * * * * * * * The LM3557 is a complete solution for white LED drive applications. With minimal external component count, no DC current leakage paths to ground, cycleby-cycle current limit protection, and output overvoltage protection circuitry, the LM3557 offer superior performance and cost savings over standard DC/DC boost component implementations. 1 2 * * VIN Range: 2.7V-7.5V Small External Components 1.25 MHz Constant-Switching Frequency Output Over-Voltage Protection Input Under-Voltage Protection Cycle-By-Cycle Current Limit TRUE SHUTDOWN: No DC current paths to ground during shutdown Low Profile Package: <1 mm Height -8 Pin WSON No External Compensation The LM3557 switches at a fixed-frequency of 1.25 MHz, which allows for the use of small external components. Also, the LM3557 has a wide input voltage range to take advantage of multi-cell input applications. With small external components, high fixed frequency operation, and wide input voltage range, the LM3557 is the most optimal choice for LED lighting applications. APPLICATIONS * * * White LED Display Lighting Cellular Phones PDAs Typical Application Circuit L 2.2 PH Cin 4.7 PF + - VSUPPLY VIN D Vout Sw1 Ovp LM3557 En Cout 1 PF Fb R2 NC Gnd Sw2 Figure 1. Backlight Configuration 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated LM3557 SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 www.ti.com Connection Diagram 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 Figure 2. 8-Lead Thin WSON Package (Top View) PIN DESCRIPTIONS Name Pin No. Sw1 1 Drain Connection of the Internal Power Field Effect Transistor (FET) Switch (Figure 3: N1) Description VIN 2 Input Voltage Connection NC 3 No Connection En 4 Device Enable Connection Ovp 5 Over-Voltage Protection Input Connection Fb 6 Feedback Voltage Connection Sw2 7 Drain Connection of an Internal Field Effect Transistor (FET) Switch (Figure 3: N2) Gnd 8 Ground Connection DAP DAP Die Attach Pad (DAP), must be soldered to the printed circuit board's ground plane for enhanced thermal dissipation These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) VIN Pin -0.3V to +8V En Pin -0.3V to +8V Fb Pin -0.3V to +8V Sw2 Pin -0.3V to +8V Ovp Pin -0.3V to +30V Sw1 Pin -0.3V to +40V Continuous Power Dissipation Internally Limited Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ-MAX) +150C -65C to +150C Storage Temperature Range ESD Rating (3) Human Body Model Machine Model (1) (2) (3) 2 2 kV 150V Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Electrical characteristic specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office / Distributors for availability and specifications. The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 Operating Conditions (1) (2) Junction Temperature (TJ) Range -40C to +125C Ambient Temperature (TA) Range -40C to +85C Supply Voltage, VIN Pin 2.7V to 7.5V En Pin (1) (2) 0V to VIN +0.4V Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Electrical characteristic specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (1) (2) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Junction-to-Ambient Thermal 55C/W Resistance (JA), WSON Package (1) (2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, JA, and the ambient temperature, TA. See Thermal Properties for the thermal resistance. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) - TA)/JA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature. Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (JA) is taken from a thermal modeling result, performed under the conditions and guidelines set forth in the JEDEC standard JESD51-7. The test board is a 4 layer FR-4 board measuring 102 mm x 76 mm x 1.6 mm with a 2 x 1 array of thermal vias. The ground plane on the board is 50 mm x 50 mm. Thickness of copper layers are 36 m/18 m/18 m/36 m (1.5 oz/1 oz/1 oz/1.5 oz). Ambient temperature in simulation is 22C, still air. Power dissipation is 1W. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues. For more information on these topics, please refer to Application Note 1187: Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP) and the Layout Guidelines section of this datasheet. Electrical Characteristics (1) (2) Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C. Limits in bold typeface apply over the full operating junction temperature range (-40C TJ +125C). Unless otherwise specified: VIN = 3.6V. Parameter Test Conditions Min VIN Input Voltage IQ Quiescent Current VEN = 0V (Shutdown) VEN = 1.8V; VOVP = 27V (Non-Switching) En Device Enable Threshold Device On Device Off 0.9 ICL Power Switch Current Limit VIN = 3V 0.4 0.55 RDS(ON) Power Switch ON Resistance TC (RDS(ON)) RDS(ON) Temperature Coefficient OVP Over-Voltage Protection UVP Under-Voltage Protection IOVP Over-Voltage Protection Pin Bias Current (5) IEN Enable Pin Bias Current FS Switching Frequency VFb-Sw2 Feedback Pin Voltage (5) 22 21.5 V 2 0.8 A mA 0.3 V 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.02 A 800 1000 m 26 25.5 On Threshold Off Threshold VEN = 1.8V V V 10 A 0.8 3 A 0.9 1.25 1.6 MHz 0.459 0.51 0.561 V 0.03 2 A (5) VIN = 3V %/C 28.5 28 2.2 2.3 4 (6) Maximum Duty Cycle (5) (6) Units 7.5 0.5 VIN = 3V Feedback Pin Bias Current (4) Max 0.01 0.55 ISw1 = 175 mA On Threshold Off Threshold (4) DMAX (3) (3) (4) IFb (1) (2) Typ 2.7 85 90 % All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin. Min and Max limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers are not guaranteed, but do represent the most likely norm. The Power Switch Current Limit is tested in open loop configuration. For closed loop application current limit please see the Current Limit vs Temperature performance graph. The on threshold indicates that the LM3557 is no longer switching or regulating LED current, while the off threshold indicates normal operation. Current flows into the pin. Feedback pin voltage is with respect to the voltage at the Sw2 pin. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 3 LM3557 SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics (1) (2) (continued) Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C. Limits in bold typeface apply over the full operating junction temperature range (-40C TJ +125C). Unless otherwise specified: VIN = 3.6V. Typ Max Units Sw1 Pin Leakage Current Parameter (5) VSw1 = 3.6V, Not Switching 0.002 2 A ILSw2 Sw2 Pin Leakage Current (5) VSw2 = 3.6V, Not Switching 0.001 1 A ILOVP Ovp Pin Leakage Current (5) VOvp = 3.6V, Not Switching 2 RSw2 Sw2 Pin Switch Resistance ISw2 = 50 mA 8 TC(RSw2) RSw2 Temperature Coefficient ILSw1 Test Conditions Min nA 10 0.5 %/C BLOCK DIAGRAM Vin 2 5 Ovp Sw1 1 OVP Diodes Fb 6 OVP Schmitt Trigger NC 3 ERROR AMPLIFIER Thermal Shutdown PWM Control and FET Driver Logic + N1 Fb Reference UVP COMPARATOR VREF Sw2 + - + - 7 4 1.2 MHz Oscillator UVP Reference N2 CURRENT SENSE AMPLIFIER En + - R Gnd 8 Figure 3. 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 OPERATION The LM3557 is a current-mode controlled constant-frequency step-up converter optimized for the facilitation of white LED driving/current biasing. The LM3557's operation can be best understood by the following device functionality explanation. For the following device functionality explanation, the block diagram in Figure 3 serves as a functional schematic representation of the underlying circuit blocks that make up the LM3557. When the feedback voltage falls below, or rises above, the internal reference voltage, the error amplifier outputs a signal that is translated into the correct amount of stored energy within the inductor that is required to put the feedback voltage back into regulation when the stored inductor energy is then transferred to the load. The aforementioned translation is a conversion of the error amplifier's output signal to the proper on-time duration of the N1 power field effect transistor (FET). This conversion allows the inductor's stored energy to increase, or decrease, to a sufficient level that when transferred to the load will bring the feedback voltage back into regulation. An increase in inductor current corresponds to an increase in the amount of stored energy within the inductor. Conversely, a decrease in inductor current corresponds to a decrease in the amount of stored energy. The inductor's stored energy is released, or transferred, to the load when the N1 power FET is turned off. The transferred inductor energy replenishes the output capacitor and keeps the white LED current regulated at the designated magnitude that is based on the choice of the R2 resistor. When the N1 power FET is turned on, the energy stored within the inductor begins to increase while the output capacitor discharges through the series string of white LEDs, the R2 resistance, and N2 FET switch to ground. Therefore, each switching cycle consist of some amount of energy being stored in the inductor that is then released, or transferred, to the load to keep the voltage at the feedback pin in regulation at 510 mV above the Sw2 pin voltage. Features: CYCLE-BY-CYCLE CURRENT LIMIT The current through the internal power FET (Figure 3: N1) is monitored to prevent peak inductor currents from damaging the part. If during a cycle (cycle = 1/switching frequency) the peak inductor current exceeds the current limit rating for the LM3557, the internal power FET would be forcibly turned off for the remaining duration of that cycle. OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION When the output voltage exceeds the over-voltage protection (OVP) threshold, the LM3557's internal power FET will be forcibly turned off until the output voltage falls below the over-voltage protection threshold minus the 500 mV hysteresis of the internal OVP circuitry. UNDER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION When the input voltage falls below the under-voltage protection (UVP) threshold, the LM3557's internal power FET will be forcibly turned off until the input voltage is above the designated under-voltage protection threshold plus the 100 mV hysteresis of the internal UVP circuitry. TRUE SHUTDOWN When the LM3557 is put into shutdown mode operation there are no DC current paths to ground. The internal FET (Figure 3: N2) at the Sw2 pin turns off, leaving the white LED string open circuited. THERMAL SHUTDOWN When the internal semiconductor junction temperature reaches approximately 150C, the LM3557's internal power FET (Figure 3: N1) will be forcibly turned off. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 5 LM3557 SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS ( Circuit in Figure 1: L = DO1608C-223, D = SS16, and LED = LWT67C. Efficiency: = POUT/PIN = [(VOUT - VFb) * IOUT]/[VIN * IIN]. TA= 25C, unless otherwise stated). IQ (SWITCHING) vs TEMPERATURE SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE 1.26 3 VIN = 4.2V 1.25 VIN = 4.5V 1.24 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V 1.23 2 VIN = 2.7V Fs (MHz) IQ (SWITCHING) (mA) 2.5 1.5 1 1.22 VIN = 4.5V 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.18 0.5 1.17 ILED = 20 mA 0 -40 -20 0 25 40 1.16 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 85 TEMPERATURE (oC) TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 4. Figure 5. En PIN CURRENT vs En PIN VOLTAGE CURRENT LIMIT vs TEMPERATURE 3 0.95 0.9 2.5 VIN = 4.5V 25C 0.85 VIN = 3.6V ICL (A) IEN (PA) 2 -40C 1.5 1 0.8 0.75 VIN = 3V 0.7 25C 0.5 0.65 85C 85C -40C 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 2 0.6 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 3 TEMPERATURE (oC) VEN (V) Figure 6. Figure 7. OVP PIN CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE RDS(ON) (Figure 3: N1) vs TEMPERATURE 1.4 4.25 4.20 1.2 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 3.6V RDS(ON) (:) IOvp (PA) 4.15 4.10 4.05 1 0.8 VIN = 2.7V VIN = 4.5V 0.6 4.00 0.4 3.95 3.90 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 6 0.2 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (oC) TEMPERATURE (oC) Figure 8. Figure 9. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ( Circuit in Figure 1: L = DO1608C-223, D = SS16, and LED = LWT67C. Efficiency: = POUT/PIN = [(VOUT - VFb) * IOUT]/[VIN * IIN]. TA= 25C, unless otherwise stated). RSw2(Figure 3: N2) vs TEMPERATURE ENABLE THRESHOLD vs TEMPERATURE 12 10 0.9 VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V VEN THRESHOLD (V) VIN = 3V 8 RSW2 (:) VIN = 4.2V 0.8 6 VIN = 4.2V 4 0.7 ON 0.6 OFF 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 2 0.1 0 0 -40 25 85 TEMPERATURE (C) -40 27 70 85 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 10. Figure 11. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 7 LM3557 SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION L 2.2 PH D Vout R3 R4 + - VSUPPLY Cin 4.7 PF Sw1 Ovp VIN Cout 1 PF LM3557 Fb En R2 NC Gnd Sw2 Figure 12. Programmable Output Voltage WHITE LED CURRENT SETTING For backlighting applications, the white LED current is programmed by the careful choice of the R2 resistor. Backlight: VEn 0.9V ILED = (1) VFb-Sw2 R2 where * * * ILED white LED current VFb-Sw2 is the feedback voltage R2 is the resistor (2) The feedback voltage is with respect to the voltage at the Sw2 pin, not ground. For example, if the voltage on the Sw2 pin were 0.1V then the voltage at the Fb pin would be 0.61V (typical). ADJUSTING LED CURRENT USING PWM SIGNAL The LED current can be controlled using a PWM signal on the EN pin with frequencies in the range of 100Hz (greater than visible frequency spectrum) to 1kHz. For controlling LED currents down to the A levels, it is best to use a PWM signal frequency between 200-500Hz. The LM3557 LED current can be controlled with PWM signal frequencies above 1kHz but the controllable current decreases with higher frequency. ADJUSTING OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION If the over-voltage protection (OVP) threshold is too low for a particular application, a resistor divider circuit can be used to adjust the OVP threshold of a given application. Instead of having the Ovp pin connected to the output voltage, it can be adjusted through a resistor divider circuit to only experience a fraction of the output voltage magnitude. The resistor divider circuit bias current should be at least 100 times greater than the Ovp pin bias current. Using Figure 12, the following equation can be used to adjust the output voltage: 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 Vout = [ R4 + R3 ] V x Ovp [ R4 ] where * * * * VOVP is the OVP voltage threshold VOUT is the maximum output voltage (<35V) R3 is a resistor R4 is a resistor (3) Inductor Current tON IL (avg) 'iL Time TS Figure 13. Inductor Current Waveform CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS MODES OF OPERATION Since the LM3557 is a constant frequency pulse-width-modulated step-up regulator, care must be taken to make sure the maximum duty cycle specification is not violated. The duty cycle equation depends on which mode of operation the LM3557 is in. The two operational modes of the LM3557 are continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Continuous conduction mode refers to the mode of operation where during the switching cycle, the inductor's current never goes to and stays at zero for any significant amount of time during the switching cycle. Discontinuous conduction mode refers to the mode of operation where during the switching cycle, the inductor's current goes to and stays at zero for a significant amount of time during the switching cycle. Figure 13 illustrates the threshold between CCM and DCM operation. In Figure 13, the inductor current is right on the CCM/DCM operational threshold. Using this as a reference, a factor can be introduced to calculate when a particular application is in CCM or DCM operation. R is a CCM/DCM factor we can use to compute which mode of operation a particular application is in. If R is 1, then the application is operating in CCM. Conversely, if R is < 1, the application is operating in DCM. The R factor inequalities are a result of the components that make up the R factor. From Figure 13, the R factor is equal to the average inductor current, IL(avg), divided by half the inductor ripple current, iL. Using Figure 13, the following equation can be used to compute R factor: R= 2 x IL (avg) 'iL IL (avg) = 'iL = (4) [IOUT] [(1-D) x Eff] [VIN x D] (5) [L x Fs] (6) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 9 LM3557 SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 www.ti.com [2 x IOUT x L x Fs x (VOUT)2] R= [(VIN)2 x Eff x (VOUT - VIN)] where * * * * * * * * * VIN is the input voltage VOUT is the output voltage Eff is the efficiency of the LM3557 Fs is the switching frequency IOUT is the white LED current/load current L is the inductance magnitude/inductor value D is the duty cycle for CCM operation iL is the inductor ripple current IL(avg) is the average inductor current (7) For CCM operation, the duty cycle can be computed with: tON D= T S [VOUT - VIN] D= [VOUT] (8) where * * * * * tON is the internal power FET on-time TS is the switching period of operation D is the duty cycle for CCM operation VIN is the input voltage VOUT is the output voltage (9) For DCM operation, the duty cycle can be computed with: D= tON TS (10) [2 x IOUT x L x (VOUT - VIN) x Fs] D= [(VIN)2 x Eff] where * * * * * * * * * tON is the internal power FET on-time TS is the switching period of operation D is the duty cycle for CCM operation VIN is the input voltage VOUT is the output voltage Eff is the efficiency of the LM3557 Fs is the switching frequency IOUT is the white LED current/load current L is the inductance magnitude/inductor value (11) INDUCTOR SELECTION In order to maintain inductance, an inductor used with the LM3557 should have a saturation current rating larger than the peak inductor current of the particular application. Inductors with low DCR values contribute decreased power losses and increased efficiency. The peak inductor current can be computed for both modes of operation: CCM (continuous current mode) and DCM (discontinuous current mode). The cycle-by-cycle peak inductor current for CCM operation can be computed with: 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 'iL 2 IPeak | IL (avg) + IPeak | [(1 - D) * Eff] + [2 * L * Fs] [IOUT] (12) [VIN * D] where * * * * * * * * * VIN is the input voltage VOUT is the output voltage Eff is the efficiency of the LM3557 Fs is the switching frequency IOUT is the white LED current/load current L is the inductance magnitude/inductor value D is the duty cycle for CCM operation iL is the inductor ripple current IL(avg) is the average inductor current (13) The cycle-by-cycle peak inductor current for DCM operation can be computed with: IPeak | [VIN * D] [L * Fs] where * * * * * * * * * VIN is the input voltage VOUT is the output voltage Eff is the efficiency of the LM3557 Fs is the switching frequency IOUT is the white LED current/load current L is the inductance magnitude/inductor value D is the duty cycle for CCM operation iL is the inductor ripple current IL(avg) is the average inductor current (14) Some recommended inductor manufacturers are: Coilcraft [www.coilcraft.com] Coiltronics [www.cooperet.com] TDK [www.tdk.com] CAPACITOR SELECTION Multilayer ceramic capacitors are the best choice for use with the LM3557. Multilayer ceramic capacitors have the lowest equivalent series resistance (ESR). Applied voltage or DC bias, temperature, dielectric material type (X7R, X5R, Y5V, etc), and manufacturer component tolerance have an affect on the true or effective capacitance of a ceramic capacitor. Be aware of how your application will affect a particular ceramic capacitor by analyzing the aforementioned factors of your application. Before selecting a capacitor always consult the capacitor manufacturer's data curves to verify the effective or true capacitance of the capacitor in your application. INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION The input capacitor serves as an energy reservoir for the inductor. In addition to acting as an energy reservoir for the inductor the input capacitor is necessary for the reduction in input voltage ripple and noise experienced by the LM3557. The reduction in input voltage ripple and noise helps ensure the LM3557's proper operation, and reduces the effect of the LM3557 on other devices sharing the same supply voltage. To ensure low input voltage ripple, the input capacitor must have an extremely low ESR. As a result of the low input voltage ripple requirement multilayer ceramic capacitors are the best choice. A minimum capacitance of 2.0 F is required for normal operation, consult the capacitor manufacturer's data curves to verify whether the minimum capacitance requirement is going to be achieved for a particular application. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 11 LM3557 SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 www.ti.com OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION The output capacitor serves as an energy reservoir for the white LED load when the internal power FET switch (Figure 3: N1) is ON or conducting current. The requirements for the output capacitor must include worst case operation such as when the load opens up and the LM3557 operates in over-voltage protection (OVP) mode operation. A minimum capacitance of 0.5 F is required to ensure normal operation. Consult the capacitor manufacturer's data curves to verify whether the minimum capacitance requirement is going to be achieved for a particular application. Some recommended capacitor manufacturers are: TDK [www.tdk.com] Murata [www.murata.com] Vishay [www.vishay.com] DIODE SELECTION To maintain high efficiency it is recommended that the average current rating (IF or IO) of the selected diode should be larger than the peak inductor current (ILpeak). To maintain diode integrity the peak repetitive forward current (IFRM) must be greater than or equal to the peak inductor current (ILpeak). Diodes with low forward voltage ratings (VF) and low junction capacitance magnitudes (CJ or CT or CD) are conducive to high efficiency. The chosen diode must have a reverse breakdown voltage rating (VR and/or VRRM) that is larger than the output voltage (VOUT). No matter what type of diode is chosen, Schottky or not, certain selection criteria must be followed: 1. VR and VRRM > VOUT 2. IF or IO ILOAD or IOUT 3. IFRM ILpeak Some recommended diode manufacturers are as follows: Vishay [www.vishay.com] Diodes, Inc [www.diodes.com] On Semiconductor [www.onsemi.com] LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS All components, except for the white LEDs, must be placed as close as possible to the LM3557. The die attach pad (DAP) must be soldered to the ground plane. The input capacitor, Cin, must be placed close to the LM3557. Placing Cin close to the device will reduce the metal trace resistance effect on input voltage ripple. The feedback current setting resistor R2 must be placed close to the Fb and Sw2 pins. The output capacitor, Cout, must be placed close to the Ovp and Gnd pin connections. Trace connections to the inductor should be short and wide to reduce power dissipation, increase overall efficiency, and reduce EMI radiation. The diode, like the inductor, should have trace connections that are short and wide to reduce power dissipation and increase overall efficiency. For more details regarding layout guidelines for switching regulators refer to Applications Note AN-1149 (SNVA021). 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 LM3557 www.ti.com SNVS338B - NOVEMBER 2004 - REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision A (February 2013) to Revision B * Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2004-2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3557 13 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 20-Jan-2017 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) LM3557SD-2/NOPB LIFEBUY Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty WSON NGQ 8 1000 Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM Op Temp (C) Device Marking (4/5) -40 to 85 L147B (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 20-Jan-2017 Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device LM3557SD-2/NOPB Package Package Pins Type Drawing WSON NGQ 8 SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 1000 178.0 12.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 3.3 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) 3.3 1.0 8.0 W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM3557SD-2/NOPB WSON NGQ 8 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA NGQ0008A SDA08A (Rev A) www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) reserves the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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