LMC6084IMX/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LMC6084

LMC6084 Precision CMOS Quad Operational Amplifier

Literature Number: SNOS657C

LMC6084

Precision CMOS Quad Operational Amplifier

General Description

The LMC6084 is a precision quad low offset voltage opera-

tional amplifier, capable of single supply operation. Perfor-

mance characteristics include ultra low input bias current,

high voltage gain, rail-to-rail output swing, and an input

common mode voltage range that includes ground. These

features, plus its low offset voltage, make the LMC6084

ideally suited for precision circuit applications.

Other applications using the LMC6084 include precision full-

wave rectifiers, integrators, references, and sample-and-

hold circuits.

This device is built with National’s advanced Double-Poly

Silicon-Gate CMOS process.

For designs with more critical power demands, see the

LMC6064 precision quad micropower operational amplifier.

For a single or dual operational amplifier with similar fea-

tures, see the LMC6081 or LMC6082 respectively.

PATENT PENDING

Features

(Typical unless otherwise stated)

nLow offset voltage: 150 µV

nOperates from 4.5V to 15V single supply

nUltra low input bias current: 10 fA

nOutput swing to within 20 mV of supply rail, 100k load

nInput common-mode range includes V

−

nHigh voltage gain: 130 dB

nImproved latchup immunity

Applications

nInstrumentation amplifier

nPhotodiode and infrared detector preamplifier

nTransducer amplifiers

nMedical instrumentation

nD/A converter

nCharge amplifier for piezoelectric transducers

Connection Diagrams

14-Pin DIP/SO

Input Bias Current

vs Temperature

01146701

Top View

01146720

August 2000

LMC6084 Precision CMOS Quad Operational Amplifier

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Differential Input Voltage ±Supply Voltage

Voltage at Input/Output Pin (V

) +0.3V,

−

) −0.3V

Supply Voltage (V

−V

−

) 16V

Output Short Circuit to V

(Note 11)

Output Short Circuit to V

−

(Note 2)

Lead Temperature

(Soldering, 10 Sec.) 260˚C

Storage Temp. Range −65˚C to +150˚C

Junction Temperature 150˚C

ESD Tolerance (Note 4) 2 kV

Current at Input Pin ±10 mA

Current at Output Pin ±30 mA

Current at Power Supply Pin 40 mA

Power Dissipation (Note 3)

Operating Ratings (Note 1)

Temperature Range

LMC6084AM −55˚C ≤T

≤+125˚C

LMC6084AI, LMC6084I −40˚C ≤T

≤+85˚C

Supply Voltage 4.5V ≤V

≤15.5V

Thermal Resistance (θ

) (Note 12)

14-Pin Molded DIP 81˚C/W

14-Pin SO 126˚C/W

Power Dissipation (Note 10)

DC Electrical Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T

= 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V

= 5V, V

−

= 0V, V

= 1.5V, V

= 2.5V and R

>1M unless otherwise specified.

Typ LMC6084AM LMC6084AI LMC6084I

Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit Limit Units

(Note 6) (Note 6) (Note 6)

Input Offset Voltage 150 350 350 800 µV

1000 800 1300 Max

TCV

Input Offset Voltage 1.0 µV/˚C

Average Drift

Input Bias Current 0.010 pA

100 4 4 Max

Input Offset Current 0.005 pA

100 2 2 Max

Input Resistance >10 Tera Ω

CMRR Common Mode 0V ≤V

≤12.0V 85 75 75 66 dB

Rejection Ratio V

= 15V 72 72 63 Min

+PSRR Positive Power Supply 5V ≤V

≤15V 85 75 75 66 dB

Rejection Ratio V

= 2.5V 72 72 63 Min

−PSRR Negative Power Supply 0V ≤V

−

≤−10V 94 84 84 74 dB

Rejection Ratio 81 81 71 Min

Input Common-Mode V

= 5V and 15V −0.4 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 V

Voltage Range for CMRR ≥60 dB 000Max

− 1.9 V

− 2.3 V

− 2.6 V

− 2.5 V

− 2.5 Min

Large Signal R

=2kΩSourcing 1400 400 400 300 V/mV

Voltage Gain (Note 7) 300 300 200 Min

Sinking 350 180 180 90 V/mV

70 100 60 Min

= 600ΩSourcing 1200 400 400 200 V/mV

(Note 7) 150 150 80 Min

Sinking 150 100 100 70 V/mV

35 50 35 Min

LMC6084

www.national.com 2

DC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T

= 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V

= 5V, V

−

= 0V, V

= 1.5V, V

= 2.5V and R

>1M unless otherwise specified.

Typ LMC6084AM LMC6084AI LMC6084I

Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit Limit Units

(Note 6) (Note 6) (Note 6)

Output Swing V

= 5V 4.87 4.80 4.80 4.75 V

=2kΩto 2.5V 4.70 4.73 4.67 Min

0.10 0.13 0.13 0.20 V

0.19 0.17 0.24 Max

= 5V 4.61 4.50 4.50 4.40 V

= 600Ωto 2.5V 4.24 4.31 4.21 Min

0.30 0.40 0.40 0.50 V

0.63 0.50 0.63 Max

= 15V 14.63 14.50 14.50 14.37 V

=2kΩto 7.5V 14.30 14.34 14.25 Min

0.26 0.35 0.35 0.44 V

0.48 0.45 0.56 Max

= 15V 13.90 13.35 13.35 12.92 V

= 600Ωto 7.5V 12.80 12.86 12.44 Min

0.79 1.16 1.16 1.33 V

1.42 1.32 1.58 Max

Output Current Sourcing, V

=0V 22 16 16 13 mA

=5V 8108Min

Sinking, V

=5V 21 16 16 13 mA

11 13 10 Min

Output Current Sourcing, V

=0V 30 28 28 23 mA

= 15V 18 22 18 Min

Sinking, V

= 13V 34 28 28 23 mA

(Note 11) 19 22 18 Min

Supply Current All Four Amplifiers 1.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 mA

= +5V, V

= 1.5V 3.6 3.6 3.6 Max

All Four Amplifiers 2.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 mA

= +15V, V

= 7.5V 4.0 4.0 4.0 Max

LMC6084

www.national.com3

AC Electrical Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T

= 25˚C, Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V

= 5V, V

−

= 0V, V

= 1.5V, V

= 2.5V and R

>1M unless otherwise specified.

Typ LMC6084AM LMC6084AI LMC6084I

Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit Limit Units

(Note 6) (Note 6) (Note 6)

SR Slew Rate (Note 8) 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 V/µs

0.5 0.6 0.6 Min

GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 1.3 MHz

Phase Margin 50 Deg

Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 9) 140 dB

Input-Referred Voltage Noise F = 1 kHz 22 nV/√Hz

Input-Referred Current Noise F = 1 kHz 0.0002 pA/√Hz

T.H.D. Total Harmonic Distortion F = 10 kHz, A

= −10

=2kΩ,V

=8V

0.01 %

±5V Supply

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The

guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed.

Note 2: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the

maximum allowed junction temperature of 150˚C. Output currents in excess of ±30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability.

Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(Max),θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD=(T

J(Max)

−T

A)/θJA.

Note 4: Human body model, 1.5 kΩin series with 100 pF.

Note 5: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm.

Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis.

Note 7: V+= 15V, VCM = 7.5V and RLconnected to 7.5V. For Sourcing tests, 7.5V ≤VO≤11.5V. For Sinking tests, 2.5V ≤VO≤7.5V.

Note 8: V+= 15V. Connected as Voltage Follower with 10V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.

Note 9: Input referred V+= 15V and RL= 100 kΩconnected to 7.5V. Each amp excited in turm with 1 kHz to produce VO=12V

PP.

Note 10: For operating at elevated temperatures the device must be derated based on the thermal resistance θJA with PD=(T

J−T

A)/θJA. All numbers apply for

packages soldered directly into a PC board.

Note 11: Do not connect output to V+, when V+is greater than 13V or reliability will be adversely affected.

Note 12: All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board.

LMC6084

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Typical Performance Characteristics

Distribution of LMC6084

Input Offset Voltage

= +25˚C)

Distribution of LMC6084

Input Offset Voltage

= −55˚C)

01146717 01146718

Distribution of LMC6084

Input Offset Voltage

= +125˚C)

Input Bias Current

vs Temperature

01146719

01146720

Supply Current

vs Supply Voltage

Input Voltage

vs Output Voltage

01146721 01146722

LMC6084

www.national.com5

Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Common Mode

Rejection Ratio

vs Frequency

Power Supply Rejection

Ratio vs Frequency

01146723 01146724

Input Voltage Noise

vs Frequency

Output Characteristics

Sourcing Current

01146725 01146726

Output Characteristics

Sinking Current

Gain and Phase Response

vs Temperature

(−55˚C to +125˚C)

01146727

01146728

LMC6084

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Gain and Phase

Response vs Capacitive Load

with R

= 600Ω

Gain and Phase

Response vs Capacitive Load

with R

= 500 kΩ

01146729 01146730

Open Loop

Frequency Response

Inverting Small Signal

Pulse Response

01146731 01146732

Inverting Large Signal

Pulse Response

Non-Inverting Small

Signal Pulse Response

01146733 01146734

LMC6084

www.national.com7

Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Non-Inverting Large

Signal Pulse Response

Crosstalk Rejection

vs Frequency

01146735 01146736

Stability vs Capacitive

Load, R

= 600Ω

Stability vs Capacitive

Load R

=1MΩ

01146737 01146738

Applications Hints

AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGY

The LMC6084 incorporates a novel op-amp design topology

that enables it to maintain rail-to-rail output swing even when

driving a large load. Instead of relying on a push-pull unity

gain output buffer stage, the output stage is taken directly

from the internal integrator, which provides both low output

impedance and large gain. Special feed-forward compensa-

tion design techniques are incorporated to maintain stability

over a wider range of operating conditions than traditional

micropower op-amps. These features make the LMC6084

both easier to design with, and provide higher speed than

products typically found in this ultra-low power class.

COMPENSATING FOR INPUT CAPACITANCE

It is quite common to use large values of feedback resis-

tance for amplifiers with ultra-low input current, like the

LMC6084.

Although the LMC6084 is highly stable over a wide range of

operating conditions, certain precautions must be met to

achieve the desired pulse response when a large feedback

resistor is used. Large feedback resistors and even small

values of input capacitance, due to transducers, photo-

diodes, and circuit board parasitics, reduce phase margins.

When high input impedances are demanded, guarding of the

LMC6084 is suggested. Guarding input lines will not only

reduce leakage, but lowers stray input capacitance as well.

(See Printed-Circuit-Board Layout for High Impedance

Work).

The effect of input capacitance can be compensated for by

adding a capacitor, C

, around the feedback resistors (as in

Figure 1 ) such that:

≤R

Since it is often difficult to know the exact value of C

can

be experimentally adjusted so that the desired pulse re-

sponse is achieved. Refer to the LMC660 and LMC662 for a

more detailed discussion on compensating for input capaci-

tance.

LMC6084

www.national.com 8

Applications Hints (Continued)

CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE

All rail-to-rail output swing operational amplifiers have volt-

age gain in the output stage. A compensation capacitor is

normally included in this integrator stage. The frequency

location of the dominant pole is affected by the resistive load

on the amplifier. Capacitive load driving capability can be

optimized by using an appropriate resistive load in parallel

with the capacitive load (see typical curves).

Direct capacitive loading will reduce the phase margin of

many op-amps. A pole in the feedback loop is created by the

combination of the op-amp’s output impedance and the ca-

pacitive load. This pole induces phase lag at the unity-gain

crossover frequency of the amplifier resulting in either an

oscillatory or underdamped pulse response. With a few ex-

ternal components, op amps can easily indirectly drive ca-

pacitive loads, as shown in Figure 2.

In the circuit of Figure 2, R1 and C1 serve to counteract the

loss of phase margin by feeding the high frequency compo-

nent of the output signal back to the amplifier’s inverting

input, thereby preserving phase margin in the overall feed-

back loop.

Capacitive load driving capability is enhanced by using a

pull up resistor to V

Figure 3. Typically a pull up resistor

conducting 500 µA or more will significantly improve capaci-

tive load responses. The value of the pull up resistor must be

determined based on the current sinking capability of the

amplifier with respect to the desired output swing. Open loop

gain of the amplifier can also be affected by the pull up

resistor (see Electrical Characteristics).

PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT

FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK

It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate

with less than 1000 pA of leakage current requires special

layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage

of the ultra-low bias current of the LMC6084, typically less

than 10 fA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. Fortu-

nately, the techniques of obtaining low leakages are quite

simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of

the PC board, even though it may sometimes appear accept-

ably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust

or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable.

To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring

of foil completely surrounding the LMC6084’s inputs and the

terminals of capacitors, diodes, conductors, resistors, relay

terminals, etc. connected to the op-amp’s inputs, as in Fig-

ure 4. To have a significant effect, guard rings should be

placed on both the top and bottom of the PC board. This PC

foil must then be connected to a voltage which is at the same

voltage as the amplifier inputs, since no leakage current can

flow between two points at the same potential. For example,

a PC board trace-to-pad resistance of 10

Ω, which is nor-

mally considered a very large resistance, could leak 5 pA if

the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to the pad of the input. This

would cause a 100 times degradation from the LMC6084’s

actual performance. However, if a guard ring is held within

5 mV of the inputs, then even a resistance of 10

Ωwould

cause only 0.05 pA of leakage current. See Figure 5 for

typical connections of guard rings for standard op-amp con-

figurations.

01146704

FIGURE 1. Cancelling the Effect of Input Capacitance

01146705

FIGURE 2. LMC6084 Noninverting Gain of 10 Amplifier,

Compensated to Handle Capacitive Loads

01146706

FIGURE 3. Compensating for Large Capacitive Loads

with a Pull Up Resistor

LMC6084

www.national.com9

Applications Hints (Continued)

The designer should be aware that when it is inappropriate

to lay out a PC board for the sake of just a few circuits, there

is another technique which is even better than a guard ring

on a PC board: Don’t insert the amplifier’s input pin into the

board at all, but bend it up in the air and use only air as an

insulator. Air is an excellent insulator. In this case you may

have to forego some of the advantages of PC board con-

struction, but the advantages are sometimes well worth the

effort of using point-to-point up-in-the-air wiring. See Figure

Latchup

CMOS devices tend to be susceptible to latchup due to their

internal parasitic SCR effects. The (I/O) input and output pins

look similar to the gate of the SCR. There is a minimum

current required to trigger the SCR gate lead. The LMC6084

is designed to withstand 100 mA surge current on the I/O

pins. Some resistive method should be used to isolate any

capacitance from supplying excess current to the I/O pins. In

addition, like an SCR, there is a minimum holding current for

any latchup mode. Limiting current to the supply pins will

also inhibit latchup susceptibility.

Typical Single-Supply

Applications

= 5.0 V

)

The extremely high input impedance, and low power con-

sumption, of the LMC6084 make it ideal for applications that

require battery-powered instrumentation amplifiers. Ex-

amples of these types of applications are hand-held pH

probes, analytic medical instruments, magnetic field detec-

tors, gas detectors, and silicon based pressure transducers.

Figure 7 shows an instrumentation amplifier that features

high differential and common mode input resistance

(>10

Ω), 0.01% gain accuracy at A

= 1000, excellent

CMRR with 1 kΩimbalance in bridge source resistance.

Input current is less than 100 fA and offset drift is less than

2.5 µV/˚C. R

provides a simple means of adjusting gain

over a wide range without degrading CMRR. R

is an initial

trim used to maximize CMRR without using super precision

matched resistors. For good CMRR over temperature, low

drift resistors should be used.

01146707

FIGURE 4. Example of Guard Ring in P.C. Board

Layout

01146708

Inverting Amplifier

01146709

Non-Inverting Amplifier

01146710

Follower

FIGURE 5. Typical Connections of Guard Rings

01146711

(Input pins are lifted out of PC board and soldered directly to components.

All other pins connected to PC board).

FIGURE 6. Air Wiring

LMC6084

www.national.com 10

Typical Single-Supply

Applications (Continued)

01146712

If R1=R

5,R

3=R

6, and R4=R

7; then

∴AV≈100 for circuit shown (R2= 9.822k).

FIGURE 7. Instrumentation Amplifier

01146713

FIGURE 8. Low-Leakage Sample and Hold

LMC6084

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Typical Single-Supply

Applications (Continued)

Ordering Information

Package Temperature Range NSC

Drawing

Transport

Media

Military Industrial

−55˚C to +125˚C −40˚C to +85˚C

14-Pin LMC6084AlN N14A Rail

Molded DIP LMC6084lN

14-Pin LMC6084AlM, LMC6084AIMX M14A Rail

Small Outline LMC6084lM, LMC6084IMX Tape and Reel

For MlL-STD-883C qualified products, please contact your local National Semiconductor Sales

Office or Distributor for availability and specification information.

01146714

FIGURE 9. 1 Hz Square Wave Oscillator

LMC6084

www.national.com 12

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

14-Pin Small Outline Package (M)

Order Number LMC6084AIM, LMC6084AIMX, LMC6084IM or LMC6084IMX

NS Package Number M14A

14-Pin Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)

Order Number LMC6084AIN or LMC6084IN

NS Package Number N14A

LMC6084

www.national.com13

Notes

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves

the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.

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WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

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(b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when

properly used in accordance with instructions for use

provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result

in a significant injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life support

device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably

expected to cause the failure of the life support device or

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www.national.com

LMC6084 Precision CMOS Quad Operational Amplifier

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