K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual
Supports: MK22FN128VDC10, MK22FN128VLL10,
MK22FN128VMP10, MK22FN128VLH10, MK22FN128CAK10R
Document Number: K22P121M100SF9RM
Rev. 4, 08/2016
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Contents
Section number Title Page
Chapter 1
About This Document
1.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................45
1.1.1 Purpose.........................................................................................................................................................45
1.1.2 Audience...................................................................................................................................................... 45
1.2 Conventions.................................................................................................................................................................. 45
1.2.1 Numbering systems......................................................................................................................................45
1.2.2 Typographic notation................................................................................................................................... 46
1.2.3 Special terms................................................................................................................................................46
Chapter 2
Introduction
2.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................47
2.2 Module Functional Categories......................................................................................................................................47
2.2.1 ARM® Cortex®-M4 Core Modules............................................................................................................48
2.2.2 System Modules...........................................................................................................................................49
2.2.3 Memories and Memory Interfaces............................................................................................................... 50
2.2.4 Clocks...........................................................................................................................................................50
2.2.5 Security and Integrity modules.................................................................................................................... 50
2.2.6 Analog modules........................................................................................................................................... 51
2.2.7 Timer modules............................................................................................................................................. 51
2.2.8 Communication interfaces........................................................................................................................... 52
2.2.9 Human-machine interfaces.......................................................................................................................... 53
2.3 Orderable part numbers.................................................................................................................................................53
Chapter 3
Chip Configuration
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................55
3.2 Core modules................................................................................................................................................................ 55
3.2.1 ARM Cortex-M4 Core Configuration..........................................................................................................55
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3.2.2 Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) Configuration......................................................................57
3.2.3 Asynchronous Wake-up Interrupt Controller (AWIC) Configuration.........................................................63
3.2.4 FPU Configuration.......................................................................................................................................64
3.2.5 JTAG Controller Configuration...................................................................................................................64
3.3 System modules............................................................................................................................................................ 65
3.3.1 SIM Configuration....................................................................................................................................... 65
3.3.2 System Mode Controller (SMC) Configuration...........................................................................................66
3.3.3 PMC Configuration......................................................................................................................................66
3.3.4 Low-Leakage Wake-up Unit (LLWU) Configuration.................................................................................67
3.3.5 MCM Configuration.................................................................................................................................... 69
3.3.6 Crossbar-Light Switch Configuration..........................................................................................................69
3.3.7 Peripheral Bridge Configuration..................................................................................................................71
3.3.8 DMA request multiplexer configuration......................................................................................................72
3.3.9 DMA Controller Configuration................................................................................................................... 75
3.3.10 External Watchdog Monitor (EWM) Configuration....................................................................................76
3.3.11 Watchdog Configuration..............................................................................................................................78
3.4 Clock modules.............................................................................................................................................................. 79
3.4.1 MCG Configuration..................................................................................................................................... 79
3.4.2 OSC Configuration...................................................................................................................................... 80
3.4.3 RTC OSC configuration...............................................................................................................................81
3.5 Memories and memory interfaces.................................................................................................................................82
3.5.1 Flash Memory Configuration.......................................................................................................................82
3.5.2 Flash Memory Controller Configuration..................................................................................................... 85
3.5.3 SRAM Configuration...................................................................................................................................85
3.5.4 System Register File Configuration.............................................................................................................87
3.5.5 VBAT Register File Configuration..............................................................................................................88
3.5.6 EzPort Configuration................................................................................................................................... 88
3.6 Security......................................................................................................................................................................... 90
3.6.1 CRC Configuration...................................................................................................................................... 90
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3.7 Analog...........................................................................................................................................................................90
3.7.1 16-bit SAR ADC Configuration.................................................................................................................. 90
3.7.2 CMP Configuration......................................................................................................................................97
3.7.3 12-bit DAC Configuration........................................................................................................................... 99
3.7.4 VREF Configuration....................................................................................................................................101
3.8 Timers........................................................................................................................................................................... 102
3.8.1 PDB Configuration...................................................................................................................................... 102
3.8.2 FlexTimer Configuration............................................................................................................................. 105
3.8.3 PIT Configuration........................................................................................................................................ 111
3.8.4 Low-power timer configuration...................................................................................................................112
3.8.5 RTC configuration....................................................................................................................................... 114
3.9 Communication interfaces............................................................................................................................................ 115
3.9.1 Universal Serial Bus (USB) FS Subsystem................................................................................................. 115
3.9.2 SPI configuration......................................................................................................................................... 119
3.9.3 I2C Configuration........................................................................................................................................ 122
3.9.4 UART Configuration................................................................................................................................... 123
3.9.5 LPUART configuration................................................................................................................................126
3.9.6 I2S configuration..........................................................................................................................................126
3.10 Human-machine interfaces........................................................................................................................................... 130
3.10.1 GPIO configuration......................................................................................................................................130
Chapter 4
Memory Map
4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................133
4.2 System memory map.....................................................................................................................................................133
4.2.1 Aliased bit-band regions.............................................................................................................................. 134
4.2.2 Flash Access Control Introduction...............................................................................................................136
4.3 Flash Memory Map.......................................................................................................................................................136
4.3.1 Alternate Non-Volatile IRC User Trim Description....................................................................................137
4.4 SRAM memory map.....................................................................................................................................................137
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4.5 Peripheral bridge (AIPS-Lite) memory map.................................................................................................................138
4.5.1 Read-after-write sequence and required serialization of memory operations..............................................138
4.5.2 Peripheral Bridge 0 (AIPS-Lite 0) Memory Map........................................................................................ 138
4.6 Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) memory map..................................................................................................................142
Chapter 5
Clock Distribution
5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................145
5.2 Programming model......................................................................................................................................................145
5.3 High-Level device clocking diagram............................................................................................................................145
5.4 Clock definitions...........................................................................................................................................................146
5.4.1 Device clock summary.................................................................................................................................147
5.5 Internal clocking requirements..................................................................................................................................... 149
5.5.1 Clock divider values after reset....................................................................................................................150
5.5.2 VLPR mode clocking...................................................................................................................................151
5.6 Clock Gating.................................................................................................................................................................151
5.7 Module clocks...............................................................................................................................................................151
5.7.1 PMC 1-kHz LPO clock................................................................................................................................153
5.7.2 IRC 48MHz clock........................................................................................................................................ 153
5.7.3 WDOG clocking.......................................................................................................................................... 154
5.7.4 Debug trace clock.........................................................................................................................................155
5.7.5 PORT digital filter clocking.........................................................................................................................155
5.7.6 LPTMR clocking..........................................................................................................................................155
5.7.7 RTC_CLKOUT and CLKOUT32K clocking..............................................................................................156
5.7.8 USB FS OTG Controller clocking...............................................................................................................157
5.7.9 UART clocking............................................................................................................................................158
5.7.10 LPUART0 clocking..................................................................................................................................... 158
5.7.11 I2S/SAI clocking..........................................................................................................................................159
Chapter 6
Reset and Boot
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6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................161
6.2 Reset..............................................................................................................................................................................161
6.2.1 Power-on reset (POR).................................................................................................................................. 162
6.2.2 System reset sources.................................................................................................................................... 162
6.2.3 MCU Resets................................................................................................................................................. 166
6.2.4 Reset Pin ..................................................................................................................................................... 167
6.2.5 Debug resets.................................................................................................................................................167
6.3 Boot...............................................................................................................................................................................169
6.3.1 Boot sources.................................................................................................................................................169
6.3.2 Boot options................................................................................................................................................. 169
6.3.3 FOPT boot options.......................................................................................................................................169
6.3.4 Boot sequence.............................................................................................................................................. 170
Chapter 7
Power Management
7.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................173
7.2 Clocking modes............................................................................................................................................................ 173
7.2.1 Partial Stop...................................................................................................................................................173
7.2.2 DMA Wakeup..............................................................................................................................................174
7.2.3 Compute Operation......................................................................................................................................175
7.2.4 Peripheral Doze............................................................................................................................................176
7.2.5 Clock Gating................................................................................................................................................ 177
7.3 Power Modes Description.............................................................................................................................................177
7.4 Entering and exiting power modes............................................................................................................................... 179
7.5 Power mode transitions.................................................................................................................................................180
7.6 Power modes shutdown sequencing............................................................................................................................. 181
7.7 Flash Program Restrictions...........................................................................................................................................182
7.8 Module Operation in Low Power Modes......................................................................................................................182
Chapter 8
Security
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8.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................187
8.2 Flash Security............................................................................................................................................................... 187
8.3 Security Interactions with other Modules.....................................................................................................................188
8.3.1 Security Interactions with EzPort................................................................................................................ 188
8.3.2 Security Interactions with Debug.................................................................................................................188
Chapter 9
Debug
9.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................189
9.1.1 References....................................................................................................................................................191
9.2 The Debug Port.............................................................................................................................................................191
9.2.1 JTAG-to-SWD change sequence................................................................................................................. 192
9.2.2 JTAG-to-cJTAG change sequence...............................................................................................................192
9.3 Debug Port Pin Descriptions.........................................................................................................................................193
9.4 System TAP connection................................................................................................................................................193
9.4.1 IR Codes.......................................................................................................................................................193
9.5 JTAG status and control registers.................................................................................................................................194
9.5.1 MDM-AP Control Register..........................................................................................................................195
9.5.2 MDM-AP Status Register............................................................................................................................ 197
9.6 Debug Resets................................................................................................................................................................ 198
9.7 AHB-AP........................................................................................................................................................................199
9.8 ITM............................................................................................................................................................................... 199
9.9 Core Trace Connectivity...............................................................................................................................................200
9.10 TPIU..............................................................................................................................................................................200
9.11 DWT............................................................................................................................................................................. 200
9.12 Debug in Low Power Modes........................................................................................................................................ 201
9.12.1 Debug Module State in Low Power Modes.................................................................................................201
9.13 Debug & Security......................................................................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 10
Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
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10.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................203
10.2 Signal Multiplexing Integration....................................................................................................................................203
10.2.1 Port control and interrupt module features.................................................................................................. 204
10.2.2 Clock gating................................................................................................................................................. 205
10.2.3 Signal multiplexing constraints....................................................................................................................205
10.3 Pinout............................................................................................................................................................................205
10.3.1 K22 Signal Multiplexing and Pin Assignments...........................................................................................205
10.3.2 K22 Pinouts..................................................................................................................................................210
10.4 Module Signal Description Tables................................................................................................................................215
10.4.1 Core Modules...............................................................................................................................................215
10.4.2 System Modules...........................................................................................................................................216
10.4.3 Clock Modules............................................................................................................................................. 216
10.4.4 Memories and Memory Interfaces............................................................................................................... 217
10.4.5 Analog..........................................................................................................................................................217
10.4.6 Timer Modules.............................................................................................................................................218
10.4.7 Communication Interfaces........................................................................................................................... 220
10.4.8 Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI).............................................................................................................. 222
Chapter 11
Port Control and Interrupts (PORT)
11.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................223
11.2 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................223
11.2.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 223
11.2.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 224
11.3 External signal description............................................................................................................................................225
11.4 Detailed signal description............................................................................................................................................225
11.5 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................225
11.5.1 Pin Control Register n (PORTx_PCRn).......................................................................................................232
11.5.2 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTx_GPCLR)..................................................................................235
11.5.3 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTx_GPCHR).................................................................................235
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11.5.4 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTx_ISFR)............................................................................................ 236
11.5.5 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTx_DFER)...........................................................................................236
11.5.6 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTx_DFCR)............................................................................................237
11.5.7 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTx_DFWR).......................................................................................... 237
11.6 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................238
11.6.1 Pin control....................................................................................................................................................238
11.6.2 Global pin control........................................................................................................................................ 239
11.6.3 External interrupts........................................................................................................................................239
11.6.4 Digital filter..................................................................................................................................................240
Chapter 12
System Integration Module (SIM)
12.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................243
12.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 243
12.2 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................244
12.2.1 System Options Register 1 (SIM_SOPT1).................................................................................................. 245
12.2.2 SOPT1 Configuration Register (SIM_SOPT1CFG)....................................................................................246
12.2.3 System Options Register 2 (SIM_SOPT2).................................................................................................. 247
12.2.4 System Options Register 4 (SIM_SOPT4).................................................................................................. 249
12.2.5 System Options Register 5 (SIM_SOPT5).................................................................................................. 251
12.2.6 System Options Register 7 (SIM_SOPT7).................................................................................................. 253
12.2.7 System Options Register 8 (SIM_SOPT8).................................................................................................. 255
12.2.8 System Device Identification Register (SIM_SDID)...................................................................................256
12.2.9 System Clock Gating Control Register 4 (SIM_SCGC4)............................................................................258
12.2.10 System Clock Gating Control Register 5 (SIM_SCGC5)............................................................................260
12.2.11 System Clock Gating Control Register 6 (SIM_SCGC6)............................................................................262
12.2.12 System Clock Gating Control Register 7 (SIM_SCGC7)............................................................................265
12.2.13 System Clock Divider Register 1 (SIM_CLKDIV1)...................................................................................265
12.2.14 System Clock Divider Register 2 (SIM_CLKDIV2)...................................................................................267
12.2.15 Flash Configuration Register 1 (SIM_FCFG1)........................................................................................... 268
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12.2.16 Flash Configuration Register 2 (SIM_FCFG2)........................................................................................... 270
12.2.17 Unique Identification Register High (SIM_UIDH)..................................................................................... 270
12.2.18 Unique Identification Register Mid-High (SIM_UIDMH)..........................................................................271
12.2.19 Unique Identification Register Mid Low (SIM_UIDML)........................................................................... 271
12.2.20 Unique Identification Register Low (SIM_UIDL)...................................................................................... 272
12.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................272
Chapter 13
Kinetis Flashloader
13.1 Chip-Specific Information............................................................................................................................................ 273
13.2 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................273
13.3 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................275
13.3.1 Memory Maps..............................................................................................................................................275
13.3.2 Start-up Process............................................................................................................................................275
13.3.3 Clock Configuration.....................................................................................................................................276
13.3.4 Flashloader Protocol.................................................................................................................................... 276
13.3.5 Flashloader Packet Types.............................................................................................................................281
13.3.6 Flashloader Command API..........................................................................................................................288
13.4 Peripherals Supported................................................................................................................................................... 307
13.4.1 I2C Peripheral.............................................................................................................................................. 307
13.4.2 SPI Peripheral.............................................................................................................................................. 309
13.4.3 UART Peripheral......................................................................................................................................... 311
13.4.4 USB peripheral.............................................................................................................................................314
13.5 Get/SetProperty Command Properties..........................................................................................................................316
13.5.1 Property Definitions.....................................................................................................................................317
13.6 Kinetis Flashloader Status Error Codes........................................................................................................................ 319
Chapter 14
Reset Control Module (RCM)
14.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................321
14.2 Reset memory map and register descriptions............................................................................................................... 321
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14.2.1 System Reset Status Register 0 (RCM_SRS0)............................................................................................ 322
14.2.2 System Reset Status Register 1 (RCM_SRS1)............................................................................................ 323
14.2.3 Reset Pin Filter Control register (RCM_RPFC).......................................................................................... 325
14.2.4 Reset Pin Filter Width register (RCM_RPFW)........................................................................................... 326
14.2.5 Mode Register (RCM_MR)......................................................................................................................... 327
14.2.6 Sticky System Reset Status Register 0 (RCM_SSRS0)...............................................................................328
14.2.7 Sticky System Reset Status Register 1 (RCM_SSRS1)...............................................................................329
Chapter 15
System Mode Controller (SMC)
15.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................331
15.2 Modes of operation....................................................................................................................................................... 331
15.3 Memory map and register descriptions.........................................................................................................................333
15.3.1 Power Mode Protection register (SMC_PMPROT).....................................................................................334
15.3.2 Power Mode Control register (SMC_PMCTRL).........................................................................................335
15.3.3 Stop Control Register (SMC_STOPCTRL).................................................................................................337
15.3.4 Power Mode Status register (SMC_PMSTAT)........................................................................................... 338
15.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................339
15.4.1 Power mode transitions................................................................................................................................339
15.4.2 Power mode entry/exit sequencing.............................................................................................................. 342
15.4.3 Run modes....................................................................................................................................................344
15.4.4 Wait modes.................................................................................................................................................. 346
15.4.5 Stop modes...................................................................................................................................................346
15.4.6 Debug in low power modes......................................................................................................................... 349
Chapter 16
Power Management Controller (PMC)
16.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................351
16.2 Features.........................................................................................................................................................................351
16.3 Low-voltage detect (LVD) system................................................................................................................................351
16.3.1 LVD reset operation.....................................................................................................................................352
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16.3.2 LVD interrupt operation...............................................................................................................................352
16.3.3 Low-voltage warning (LVW) interrupt operation....................................................................................... 352
16.4 I/O retention..................................................................................................................................................................353
16.5 Memory map and register descriptions.........................................................................................................................353
16.5.1 Low Voltage Detect Status And Control 1 register (PMC_LVDSC1)........................................................ 354
16.5.2 Low Voltage Detect Status And Control 2 register (PMC_LVDSC2)........................................................ 355
16.5.3 Regulator Status And Control register (PMC_REGSC)..............................................................................356
Chapter 17
Low-Leakage Wakeup Unit (LLWU)
17.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................359
17.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 359
17.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 360
17.1.3 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................361
17.2 LLWU signal descriptions............................................................................................................................................ 362
17.3 Memory map/register definition................................................................................................................................... 362
17.3.1 LLWU Pin Enable 1 register (LLWU_PE1)................................................................................................363
17.3.2 LLWU Pin Enable 2 register (LLWU_PE2)................................................................................................364
17.3.3 LLWU Pin Enable 3 register (LLWU_PE3)................................................................................................365
17.3.4 LLWU Pin Enable 4 register (LLWU_PE4)................................................................................................366
17.3.5 LLWU Module Enable register (LLWU_ME)............................................................................................ 367
17.3.6 LLWU Flag 1 register (LLWU_F1).............................................................................................................369
17.3.7 LLWU Flag 2 register (LLWU_F2).............................................................................................................371
17.3.8 LLWU Flag 3 register (LLWU_F3).............................................................................................................372
17.3.9 LLWU Pin Filter 1 register (LLWU_FILT1).............................................................................................. 374
17.3.10 LLWU Pin Filter 2 register (LLWU_FILT2).............................................................................................. 375
17.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................376
17.4.1 LLS mode.....................................................................................................................................................377
17.4.2 VLLS modes................................................................................................................................................ 377
17.4.3 Initialization................................................................................................................................................. 377
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Chapter 18
Miscellaneous Control Module (MCM)
18.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................379
18.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 379
18.2 Memory map/register descriptions............................................................................................................................... 379
18.2.1 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Slave Configuration (MCM_PLASC)................................................................380
18.2.2 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Master Configuration (MCM_PLAMC)............................................................ 380
18.2.3 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Control Register (MCM_PLACR)..................................................................... 381
18.2.4 Interrupt Status and Control Register (MCM_ISCR).................................................................................. 381
18.2.5 Compute Operation Control Register (MCM_CPO)................................................................................... 384
18.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................385
18.3.1 Interrupts...................................................................................................................................................... 385
Chapter 19
Crossbar Switch Lite (AXBS-Lite)
19.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................387
19.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 387
19.2 Memory Map / Register Definition...............................................................................................................................388
19.3 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................388
19.3.1 General operation.........................................................................................................................................388
19.3.2 Arbitration....................................................................................................................................................389
19.4 Initialization/application information........................................................................................................................... 390
Chapter 20
Peripheral Bridge (AIPS-Lite)
20.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................391
20.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 391
20.1.2 General operation.........................................................................................................................................391
20.2 Memory map/register definition................................................................................................................................... 392
20.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................392
20.3.1 Access support............................................................................................................................................. 392
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Chapter 21
Direct Memory Access Multiplexer (DMAMUX)
21.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................393
21.1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................393
21.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 394
21.1.3 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 394
21.2 External signal description............................................................................................................................................395
21.3 Memory map/register definition................................................................................................................................... 395
21.3.1 Channel Configuration register (DMAMUX_CHCFGn)............................................................................ 395
21.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................396
21.4.1 DMA channels with periodic triggering capability......................................................................................397
21.4.2 DMA channels with no triggering capability...............................................................................................399
21.4.3 Always-enabled DMA sources.................................................................................................................... 399
21.5 Initialization/application information........................................................................................................................... 401
21.5.1 Reset.............................................................................................................................................................401
21.5.2 Enabling and configuring sources................................................................................................................401
Chapter 22
Enhanced Direct Memory Access (eDMA)
22.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................405
22.1.1 eDMA system block diagram...................................................................................................................... 405
22.1.2 Block parts................................................................................................................................................... 406
22.1.3 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 407
22.2 Modes of operation....................................................................................................................................................... 408
22.3 Memory map/register definition................................................................................................................................... 409
22.3.1 TCD memory............................................................................................................................................... 409
22.3.2 TCD initialization........................................................................................................................................ 409
22.3.3 TCD structure...............................................................................................................................................409
22.3.4 Reserved memory and bit fields...................................................................................................................410
22.3.5 Control Register (DMA_CR).......................................................................................................................414
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22.3.6 Error Status Register (DMA_ES)................................................................................................................ 417
22.3.7 Enable Request Register (DMA_ERQ)....................................................................................................... 419
22.3.8 Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_EEI)...............................................................................................420
22.3.9 Clear Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_CEEI).................................................................................. 421
22.3.10 Set Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_SEEI)...................................................................................... 422
22.3.11 Clear Enable Request Register (DMA_CERQ)...........................................................................................423
22.3.12 Set Enable Request Register (DMA_SERQ)...............................................................................................424
22.3.13 Clear DONE Status Bit Register (DMA_CDNE)........................................................................................425
22.3.14 Set START Bit Register (DMA_SSRT)...................................................................................................... 426
22.3.15 Clear Error Register (DMA_CERR)............................................................................................................427
22.3.16 Clear Interrupt Request Register (DMA_CINT)......................................................................................... 428
22.3.17 Interrupt Request Register (DMA_INT)......................................................................................................429
22.3.18 Error Register (DMA_ERR)........................................................................................................................ 430
22.3.19 Hardware Request Status Register (DMA_HRS)........................................................................................ 431
22.3.20 Enable Asynchronous Request in Stop Register (DMA_EARS).................................................................433
22.3.21 Channel n Priority Register (DMA_DCHPRIn).......................................................................................... 434
22.3.22 TCD Source Address (DMA_TCDn_SADDR)...........................................................................................435
22.3.23 TCD Signed Source Address Offset (DMA_TCDn_SOFF)........................................................................435
22.3.24 TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCDn_ATTR).........................................................................................436
22.3.25 TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled) (DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLNO)................. 437
22.3.26 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping Enabled and Offset Disabled)
(DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFNO).......................................................................................................437
22.3.27 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping and Offset Enabled)
(DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFYES)..................................................................................................... 439
22.3.28 TCD Last Source Address Adjustment (DMA_TCDn_SLAST).................................................................440
22.3.29 TCD Destination Address (DMA_TCDn_DADDR)...................................................................................440
22.3.30 TCD Signed Destination Address Offset (DMA_TCDn_DOFF)................................................................441
22.3.31 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel Linking Enabled)
(DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKYES)...........................................................................................................441
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22.3.32 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel Linking Disabled)
(DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKNO)............................................................................................................ 443
22.3.33 TCD Last Destination Address Adjustment/Scatter Gather Address (DMA_TCDn_DLASTSGA).......... 444
22.3.34 TCD Control and Status (DMA_TCDn_CSR)............................................................................................ 444
22.3.35 TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel Linking Enabled)
(DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKYES)...........................................................................................................447
22.3.36 TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel Linking Disabled)
(DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKNO)............................................................................................................ 448
22.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................449
22.4.1 eDMA basic data flow................................................................................................................................. 449
22.4.2 Fault reporting and handling........................................................................................................................452
22.4.3 Channel preemption..................................................................................................................................... 454
22.4.4 Performance................................................................................................................................................. 454
22.5 Initialization/application information........................................................................................................................... 459
22.5.1 eDMA initialization..................................................................................................................................... 459
22.5.2 Programming errors..................................................................................................................................... 461
22.5.3 Arbitration mode considerations..................................................................................................................461
22.5.4 Performing DMA transfers.......................................................................................................................... 462
22.5.5 Monitoring transfer descriptor status........................................................................................................... 466
22.5.6 Channel Linking...........................................................................................................................................468
22.5.7 Dynamic programming................................................................................................................................ 469
22.5.8 Lockstep.......................................................................................................................................................472
Chapter 23
External Watchdog Monitor (EWM)
23.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................475
23.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 475
23.1.2 Modes of Operation..................................................................................................................................... 476
23.1.3 Block Diagram............................................................................................................................................. 477
23.2 EWM Signal Descriptions............................................................................................................................................ 478
23.3 Memory Map/Register Definition.................................................................................................................................478
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23.3.1 Control Register (EWM_CTRL)................................................................................................................. 478
23.3.2 Service Register (EWM_SERV)..................................................................................................................479
23.3.3 Compare Low Register (EWM_CMPL)......................................................................................................479
23.3.4 Compare High Register (EWM_CMPH).....................................................................................................480
23.3.5 Clock Prescaler Register (EWM_CLKPRESCALER)................................................................................481
23.4 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................481
23.4.1 The EWM_out Signal.................................................................................................................................. 481
23.4.2 The EWM_in Signal.................................................................................................................................... 482
23.4.3 EWM Counter..............................................................................................................................................483
23.4.4 EWM Compare Registers............................................................................................................................ 483
23.4.5 EWM Refresh Mechanism...........................................................................................................................483
23.4.6 EWM Interrupt.............................................................................................................................................484
23.4.7 Counter clock prescaler................................................................................................................................484
Chapter 24
Watchdog Timer (WDOG)
24.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................485
24.2 Features.........................................................................................................................................................................485
24.3 Functional overview......................................................................................................................................................486
24.3.1 Unlocking and updating the watchdog.........................................................................................................488
24.3.2 Watchdog configuration time (WCT)..........................................................................................................489
24.3.3 Refreshing the watchdog..............................................................................................................................490
24.3.4 Windowed mode of operation......................................................................................................................490
24.3.5 Watchdog disabled mode of operation.........................................................................................................490
24.3.6 Debug modes of operation........................................................................................................................... 490
24.4 Testing the watchdog.................................................................................................................................................... 491
24.4.1 Quick test..................................................................................................................................................... 492
24.4.2 Byte test........................................................................................................................................................492
24.5 Backup reset generator..................................................................................................................................................493
24.6 Generated resets and interrupts.....................................................................................................................................494
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24.7 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................494
24.7.1 Watchdog Status and Control Register High (WDOG_STCTRLH)........................................................... 495
24.7.2 Watchdog Status and Control Register Low (WDOG_STCTRLL)............................................................ 497
24.7.3 Watchdog Time-out Value Register High (WDOG_TOVALH).................................................................497
24.7.4 Watchdog Time-out Value Register Low (WDOG_TOVALL)..................................................................498
24.7.5 Watchdog Window Register High (WDOG_WINH).................................................................................. 498
24.7.6 Watchdog Window Register Low (WDOG_WINL)................................................................................... 499
24.7.7 Watchdog Refresh register (WDOG_REFRESH)....................................................................................... 499
24.7.8 Watchdog Unlock register (WDOG_UNLOCK).........................................................................................499
24.7.9 Watchdog Timer Output Register High (WDOG_TMROUTH)................................................................. 500
24.7.10 Watchdog Timer Output Register Low (WDOG_TMROUTL).................................................................. 500
24.7.11 Watchdog Reset Count register (WDOG_RSTCNT).................................................................................. 501
24.7.12 Watchdog Prescaler register (WDOG_PRESC).......................................................................................... 501
24.8 Watchdog operation with 8-bit access.......................................................................................................................... 501
24.8.1 General guideline......................................................................................................................................... 501
24.8.2 Refresh and unlock operations with 8-bit access.........................................................................................502
24.9 Restrictions on watchdog operation..............................................................................................................................503
Chapter 25
Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG)
25.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................505
25.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 505
25.1.2 Modes of Operation..................................................................................................................................... 507
25.2 External Signal Description.......................................................................................................................................... 508
25.3 Memory Map/Register Definition.................................................................................................................................508
25.3.1 MCG Control 1 Register (MCG_C1)...........................................................................................................509
25.3.2 MCG Control 2 Register (MCG_C2)...........................................................................................................510
25.3.3 MCG Control 3 Register (MCG_C3)...........................................................................................................511
25.3.4 MCG Control 4 Register (MCG_C4)...........................................................................................................512
25.3.5 MCG Control 5 Register (MCG_C5)...........................................................................................................513
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25.3.5 MCG Control 6 Register (MCG_C6)...........................................................................................................513
25.3.6 MCG Status Register (MCG_S).................................................................................................................. 514
25.3.7 MCG Status and Control Register (MCG_SC)............................................................................................515
25.3.8 MCG Auto Trim Compare Value High Register (MCG_ATCVH)............................................................ 516
25.3.9 MCG Auto Trim Compare Value Low Register (MCG_ATCVL)..............................................................517
25.3.10 MCG Control 7 Register (MCG_C7)...........................................................................................................517
25.3.11 MCG Control 8 Register (MCG_C8)...........................................................................................................518
25.3.12 MCG Control 12 Register (MCG_C12).......................................................................................................519
25.3.12 MCG Status 2 Register (MCG_S2)............................................................................................................. 519
25.3.12 MCG Test 3 Register (MCG_T3)................................................................................................................ 519
25.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................520
25.4.1 MCG mode state diagram............................................................................................................................ 520
25.4.2 Low-power bit usage....................................................................................................................................523
25.4.3 MCG Internal Reference Clocks..................................................................................................................523
25.4.4 External Reference Clock............................................................................................................................ 523
25.4.5 MCG Fixed Frequency Clock .....................................................................................................................524
25.4.6 MCG Auto TRIM (ATM)............................................................................................................................524
25.5 Initialization / Application information........................................................................................................................ 526
25.5.1 MCG module initialization sequence...........................................................................................................526
25.5.2 Using a 32.768 kHz reference......................................................................................................................528
25.5.3 MCG mode switching.................................................................................................................................. 529
Chapter 26
Oscillator (OSC)
26.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................537
26.2 Features and Modes...................................................................................................................................................... 537
26.3 Block Diagram..............................................................................................................................................................538
26.4 OSC Signal Descriptions.............................................................................................................................................. 538
26.5 External Crystal / Resonator Connections.................................................................................................................... 539
26.6 External Clock Connections......................................................................................................................................... 540
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26.7 Memory Map/Register Definitions...............................................................................................................................541
26.7.1 OSC Memory Map/Register Definition.......................................................................................................541
26.8 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................543
26.8.1 OSC module states.......................................................................................................................................543
26.8.2 OSC module modes..................................................................................................................................... 545
26.8.3 Counter.........................................................................................................................................................547
26.8.4 Reference clock pin requirements................................................................................................................547
26.9 Reset..............................................................................................................................................................................547
26.10 Low power modes operation.........................................................................................................................................548
26.11 Interrupts.......................................................................................................................................................................548
Chapter 27
RTC Oscillator (OSC32K)
27.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................549
27.1.1 Features and Modes..................................................................................................................................... 549
27.1.2 Block Diagram............................................................................................................................................. 549
27.2 RTC Signal Descriptions.............................................................................................................................................. 550
27.2.1 EXTAL32 — Oscillator Input..................................................................................................................... 550
27.2.2 XTAL32 — Oscillator Output..................................................................................................................... 550
27.3 External Crystal Connections....................................................................................................................................... 551
27.4 Memory Map/Register Descriptions.............................................................................................................................551
27.5 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................551
27.6 Reset Overview.............................................................................................................................................................552
27.7 Interrupts.......................................................................................................................................................................552
Chapter 28
Flash Memory Controller (FMC)
28.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................553
28.1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................553
28.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 553
28.2 Modes of operation....................................................................................................................................................... 554
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28.3 External signal description............................................................................................................................................554
28.4 Memory map and register descriptions.........................................................................................................................554
28.4.1 Flash Access Protection Register (FMC_PFAPR).......................................................................................558
28.4.2 Flash Bank 0 Control Register (FMC_PFB0CR)........................................................................................ 560
28.4.3 Reserved (FMC_Reserved)..........................................................................................................................562
28.4.4 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW0Sn)................................................................................................. 563
28.4.5 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW1Sn)................................................................................................. 564
28.4.6 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW2Sn)................................................................................................. 565
28.4.7 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW3Sn)................................................................................................. 566
28.4.8 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW0SnU)..........................................................................566
28.4.9 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW0SnL).......................................................................... 567
28.4.10 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW1SnU)..........................................................................567
28.4.11 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW1SnL).......................................................................... 568
28.4.12 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW2SnU)..........................................................................568
28.4.13 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW2SnL).......................................................................... 569
28.4.14 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW3SnU)..........................................................................569
28.4.15 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW3SnL).......................................................................... 570
28.5 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................570
28.5.1 Default configuration................................................................................................................................... 570
28.5.2 Configuration options.................................................................................................................................. 571
28.5.3 Speculative reads..........................................................................................................................................571
28.5.4 Flash Access Control (FAC) Function.........................................................................................................572
28.6 Initialization and application information.....................................................................................................................582
Chapter 29
Flash Memory Module (FTFA)
29.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................583
29.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 584
29.1.2 Block Diagram............................................................................................................................................. 584
29.1.3 Glossary....................................................................................................................................................... 585
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29.2 External Signal Description.......................................................................................................................................... 586
29.3 Memory Map and Registers..........................................................................................................................................586
29.3.1 Flash Configuration Field Description.........................................................................................................587
29.3.2 Program Flash IFR Map...............................................................................................................................587
29.3.3 Register Descriptions................................................................................................................................... 588
29.4 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................602
29.4.1 Flash Protection............................................................................................................................................602
29.4.2 Flash Access Protection............................................................................................................................... 602
29.4.3 Interrupts...................................................................................................................................................... 604
29.4.4 Flash Operation in Low-Power Modes........................................................................................................ 605
29.4.5 Functional Modes of Operation................................................................................................................... 605
29.4.6 Flash Reads and Ignored Writes.................................................................................................................. 605
29.4.7 Read While Write (RWW)...........................................................................................................................606
29.4.8 Flash Program and Erase..............................................................................................................................606
29.4.9 Flash Command Operations.........................................................................................................................606
29.4.10 Margin Read Commands............................................................................................................................. 611
29.4.11 Flash Command Description........................................................................................................................612
29.4.12 Security........................................................................................................................................................ 628
29.4.13 Reset Sequence............................................................................................................................................ 630
Chapter 30
EzPort
30.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................633
30.1.1 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................633
30.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 634
30.1.3 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 634
30.2 External signal descriptions.......................................................................................................................................... 635
30.2.1 EzPort Clock (EZP_CK)..............................................................................................................................635
30.2.2 EzPort Chip Select (EZP_CS)......................................................................................................................636
30.2.3 EzPort Serial Data In (EZP_D)....................................................................................................................636
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30.2.4 EzPort Serial Data Out (EZP_Q)................................................................................................................. 636
30.3 Command definition..................................................................................................................................................... 636
30.3.1 Command descriptions.................................................................................................................................637
30.4 Flash memory map for EzPort access...........................................................................................................................644
Chapter 31
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
31.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................645
31.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 645
31.1.2 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................645
31.1.3 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 646
31.2 Memory map and register descriptions.........................................................................................................................646
31.2.1 CRC Data register (CRC_DATA)............................................................................................................... 647
31.2.2 CRC Polynomial register (CRC_GPOLY).................................................................................................. 648
31.2.3 CRC Control register (CRC_CTRL)............................................................................................................648
31.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................649
31.3.1 CRC initialization/reinitialization................................................................................................................649
31.3.2 CRC calculations..........................................................................................................................................650
31.3.3 Transpose feature......................................................................................................................................... 651
31.3.4 CRC result complement...............................................................................................................................653
Chapter 32
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
32.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................655
32.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 655
32.1.2 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................656
32.2 ADC signal descriptions............................................................................................................................................... 658
32.2.1 Analog Power (VDDA)............................................................................................................................... 659
32.2.2 Analog Ground (VSSA)...............................................................................................................................659
32.2.3 Voltage Reference Select.............................................................................................................................659
32.2.4 Analog Channel Inputs (ADx)..................................................................................................................... 660
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32.2.5 Differential Analog Channel Inputs (DADx)...............................................................................................660
32.3 Memory map and register definitions...........................................................................................................................660
32.3.1 ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADCx_SC1n)...................................................................................662
32.3.2 ADC Configuration Register 1 (ADCx_CFG1)...........................................................................................666
32.3.3 ADC Configuration Register 2 (ADCx_CFG2)...........................................................................................667
32.3.4 ADC Data Result Register (ADCx_Rn).......................................................................................................668
32.3.5 Compare Value Registers (ADCx_CVn)..................................................................................................... 670
32.3.6 Status and Control Register 2 (ADCx_SC2)................................................................................................671
32.3.7 Status and Control Register 3 (ADCx_SC3)................................................................................................673
32.3.8 ADC Offset Correction Register (ADCx_OFS)...........................................................................................674
32.3.9 ADC Plus-Side Gain Register (ADCx_PG).................................................................................................675
32.3.10 ADC Minus-Side Gain Register (ADCx_MG)............................................................................................ 675
32.3.11 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLPD)......................................................... 676
32.3.12 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLPS)..........................................................677
32.3.13 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLP4).......................................................... 677
32.3.14 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLP3).......................................................... 678
32.3.15 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLP2).......................................................... 678
32.3.16 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLP1).......................................................... 679
32.3.17 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLP0).......................................................... 679
32.3.18 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLMD).....................................................680
32.3.19 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLMS)..................................................... 680
32.3.20 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLM4)..................................................... 681
32.3.21 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLM3)..................................................... 681
32.3.22 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLM2)..................................................... 682
32.3.23 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLM1)..................................................... 682
32.3.24 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register (ADCx_CLM0)..................................................... 683
32.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................683
32.4.1 Clock select and divide control....................................................................................................................684
32.4.2 Voltage reference selection..........................................................................................................................685
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32.4.3 Hardware trigger and channel selects.......................................................................................................... 685
32.4.4 Conversion control.......................................................................................................................................686
32.4.5 Automatic compare function........................................................................................................................694
32.4.6 Calibration function..................................................................................................................................... 695
32.4.7 User-defined offset function........................................................................................................................ 697
32.4.8 Temperature sensor......................................................................................................................................698
32.4.9 MCU wait mode operation...........................................................................................................................699
32.4.10 MCU Normal Stop mode operation.............................................................................................................699
32.4.11 MCU Low-Power Stop mode operation...................................................................................................... 700
32.5 Initialization information.............................................................................................................................................. 701
32.5.1 ADC module initialization example............................................................................................................ 701
32.6 Application information................................................................................................................................................703
32.6.1 External pins and routing............................................................................................................................. 703
32.6.2 Sources of error............................................................................................................................................705
Chapter 33
Comparator (CMP)
33.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................711
33.1.1 CMP features................................................................................................................................................711
33.1.2 6-bit DAC key features................................................................................................................................ 712
33.1.3 ANMUX key features.................................................................................................................................. 712
33.1.4 CMP, DAC and ANMUX diagram..............................................................................................................713
33.1.5 CMP block diagram..................................................................................................................................... 714
33.2 Memory map/register definitions..................................................................................................................................716
33.2.1 CMP Control Register 0 (CMPx_CR0)....................................................................................................... 716
33.2.2 CMP Control Register 1 (CMPx_CR1)....................................................................................................... 717
33.2.3 CMP Filter Period Register (CMPx_FPR)...................................................................................................719
33.2.4 CMP Status and Control Register (CMPx_SCR).........................................................................................719
33.2.5 DAC Control Register (CMPx_DACCR)....................................................................................................720
33.2.6 MUX Control Register (CMPx_MUXCR).................................................................................................. 721
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33.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................722
33.3.1 CMP functional modes.................................................................................................................................722
33.3.2 Power modes................................................................................................................................................731
33.3.3 Startup and operation................................................................................................................................... 732
33.3.4 Low-pass filter............................................................................................................................................. 733
33.4 CMP interrupts..............................................................................................................................................................735
33.5 DMA support................................................................................................................................................................ 735
33.6 CMP Asynchronous DMA support...............................................................................................................................736
33.7 Digital-to-analog converter...........................................................................................................................................737
33.8 DAC functional description.......................................................................................................................................... 737
33.8.1 Voltage reference source select....................................................................................................................737
33.9 DAC resets....................................................................................................................................................................738
33.10 DAC clocks...................................................................................................................................................................738
33.11 DAC interrupts..............................................................................................................................................................738
Chapter 34
12-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
34.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................739
34.2 Features.........................................................................................................................................................................739
34.3 Block diagram...............................................................................................................................................................739
34.4 Memory map/register definition................................................................................................................................... 740
34.4.1 DAC Data Low Register (DACx_DATnL)................................................................................................. 742
34.4.2 DAC Data High Register (DACx_DATnH)................................................................................................ 742
34.4.3 DAC Status Register (DACx_SR)............................................................................................................... 743
34.4.4 DAC Control Register (DACx_C0)............................................................................................................. 744
34.4.5 DAC Control Register 1 (DACx_C1).......................................................................................................... 745
34.4.6 DAC Control Register 2 (DACx_C2).......................................................................................................... 746
34.5 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................746
34.5.1 DAC data buffer operation...........................................................................................................................746
34.5.2 DMA operation............................................................................................................................................ 748
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34.5.3 Resets........................................................................................................................................................... 748
34.5.4 Low-Power mode operation.........................................................................................................................748
Chapter 35
Voltage Reference (VREFV1)
35.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................751
35.1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................752
35.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 752
35.1.3 Modes of Operation..................................................................................................................................... 753
35.1.4 VREF Signal Descriptions...........................................................................................................................753
35.2 Memory Map and Register Definition..........................................................................................................................754
35.2.1 VREF Trim Register (VREF_TRM)............................................................................................................754
35.2.2 VREF Status and Control Register (VREF_SC)..........................................................................................755
35.3 Functional Description..................................................................................................................................................756
35.3.1 Voltage Reference Disabled, SC[VREFEN] = 0......................................................................................... 757
35.3.2 Voltage Reference Enabled, SC[VREFEN] = 1.......................................................................................... 757
35.3.3 Internal voltage regulator.............................................................................................................................758
35.4 Initialization/Application Information..........................................................................................................................759
Chapter 36
Programmable Delay Block (PDB)
36.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................761
36.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 761
36.1.2 Implementation............................................................................................................................................ 762
36.1.3 Back-to-back acknowledgment connections................................................................................................763
36.1.4 DAC External Trigger Input Connections................................................................................................... 763
36.1.5 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................763
36.1.6 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 765
36.2 PDB signal descriptions................................................................................................................................................765
36.3 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................765
36.3.1 Status and Control register (PDBx_SC).......................................................................................................767
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36.3.2 Modulus register (PDBx_MOD)..................................................................................................................770
36.3.3 Counter register (PDBx_CNT).....................................................................................................................770
36.3.4 Interrupt Delay register (PDBx_IDLY)....................................................................................................... 771
36.3.5 Channel n Control register 1 (PDBx_CHnC1).............................................................................................771
36.3.6 Channel n Status register (PDBx_CHnS).....................................................................................................772
36.3.7 Channel n Delay 0 register (PDBx_CHnDLY0)..........................................................................................773
36.3.8 Channel n Delay 1 register (PDBx_CHnDLY1)..........................................................................................774
36.3.9 DAC Interval Trigger n Control register (PDBx_DACINTCn)...................................................................774
36.3.10 DAC Interval n register (PDBx_DACINTn)............................................................................................... 775
36.3.11 Pulse-Out n Enable register (PDBx_POEN)................................................................................................776
36.3.12 Pulse-Out n Delay register (PDBx_POnDLY).............................................................................................776
36.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................777
36.4.1 PDB pre-trigger and trigger outputs.............................................................................................................777
36.4.2 PDB trigger input source selection.............................................................................................................. 779
36.4.3 Pulse-Out's................................................................................................................................................... 779
36.4.4 Updating the delay registers.........................................................................................................................780
36.4.5 Interrupts...................................................................................................................................................... 782
36.4.6 DMA............................................................................................................................................................ 782
36.5 Application information................................................................................................................................................782
36.5.1 Impact of using the prescaler and multiplication factor on timing resolution............................................. 782
Chapter 37
FlexTimer Module (FTM)
37.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................785
37.1.1 FlexTimer philosophy..................................................................................................................................785
37.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 786
37.1.3 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 787
37.1.4 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................788
37.2 FTM signal descriptions............................................................................................................................................... 790
37.3 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................790
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37.3.1 Memory map................................................................................................................................................790
37.3.2 Register descriptions....................................................................................................................................791
37.3.3 Status And Control (FTMx_SC).................................................................................................................. 796
37.3.4 Counter (FTMx_CNT)................................................................................................................................. 797
37.3.5 Modulo (FTMx_MOD)................................................................................................................................798
37.3.6 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTMx_CnSC)..........................................................................................799
37.3.7 Channel (n) Value (FTMx_CnV).................................................................................................................802
37.3.8 Counter Initial Value (FTMx_CNTIN)........................................................................................................802
37.3.9 Capture And Compare Status (FTMx_STATUS)........................................................................................803
37.3.10 Features Mode Selection (FTMx_MODE).................................................................................................. 805
37.3.11 Synchronization (FTMx_SYNC)................................................................................................................. 807
37.3.12 Initial State For Channels Output (FTMx_OUTINIT).................................................................................809
37.3.13 Output Mask (FTMx_OUTMASK)............................................................................................................. 810
37.3.14 Function For Linked Channels (FTMx_COMBINE)...................................................................................812
37.3.15 Deadtime Insertion Control (FTMx_DEADTIME)..................................................................................... 817
37.3.16 FTM External Trigger (FTMx_EXTTRIG)................................................................................................. 818
37.3.17 Channels Polarity (FTMx_POL)..................................................................................................................820
37.3.18 Fault Mode Status (FTMx_FMS).................................................................................................................822
37.3.19 Input Capture Filter Control (FTMx_FILTER)........................................................................................... 824
37.3.20 Fault Control (FTMx_FLTCTRL)............................................................................................................... 825
37.3.21 Quadrature Decoder Control And Status (FTMx_QDCTRL)......................................................................828
37.3.22 Configuration (FTMx_CONF).....................................................................................................................830
37.3.23 FTM Fault Input Polarity (FTMx_FLTPOL)...............................................................................................831
37.3.24 Synchronization Configuration (FTMx_SYNCONF)..................................................................................832
37.3.25 FTM Inverting Control (FTMx_INVCTRL)................................................................................................834
37.3.26 FTM Software Output Control (FTMx_SWOCTRL)..................................................................................835
37.3.27 FTM PWM Load (FTMx_PWMLOAD)..................................................................................................... 838
37.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................839
37.4.1 Clock source.................................................................................................................................................840
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37.4.2 Prescaler.......................................................................................................................................................841
37.4.3 Counter.........................................................................................................................................................841
37.4.4 Input Capture mode......................................................................................................................................847
37.4.5 Output Compare mode.................................................................................................................................851
37.4.6 Edge-Aligned PWM (EPWM) mode........................................................................................................... 852
37.4.7 Center-Aligned PWM (CPWM) mode........................................................................................................ 854
37.4.8 Combine mode............................................................................................................................................. 856
37.4.9 Complementary mode..................................................................................................................................863
37.4.10 Registers updated from write buffers...........................................................................................................864
37.4.11 PWM synchronization..................................................................................................................................866
37.4.12 Inverting.......................................................................................................................................................882
37.4.13 Software output control................................................................................................................................883
37.4.14 Deadtime insertion....................................................................................................................................... 885
37.4.15 Output mask................................................................................................................................................. 888
37.4.16 Fault control................................................................................................................................................. 888
37.4.17 Polarity control.............................................................................................................................................892
37.4.18 Initialization................................................................................................................................................. 893
37.4.19 Features priority........................................................................................................................................... 893
37.4.20 Channel trigger output................................................................................................................................. 894
37.4.21 Initialization trigger......................................................................................................................................895
37.4.22 Capture Test mode....................................................................................................................................... 898
37.4.23 DMA............................................................................................................................................................ 898
37.4.24 Dual Edge Capture mode............................................................................................................................. 899
37.4.25 Quadrature Decoder mode........................................................................................................................... 907
37.4.26 BDM mode...................................................................................................................................................912
37.4.27 Intermediate load..........................................................................................................................................913
37.4.28 Global time base (GTB)...............................................................................................................................915
37.5 Reset overview..............................................................................................................................................................917
37.6 FTM Interrupts..............................................................................................................................................................918
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37.6.1 Timer Overflow Interrupt.............................................................................................................................919
37.6.2 Channel (n) Interrupt....................................................................................................................................919
37.6.3 Fault Interrupt.............................................................................................................................................. 919
37.7 Initialization Procedure.................................................................................................................................................919
Chapter 38
Periodic Interrupt Timer (PIT)
38.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................921
38.1.1 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................921
38.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 922
38.2 Signal description..........................................................................................................................................................922
38.3 Memory map/register description.................................................................................................................................923
38.3.1 PIT Module Control Register (PIT_MCR).................................................................................................. 923
38.3.2 Timer Load Value Register (PIT_LDVALn)...............................................................................................925
38.3.3 Current Timer Value Register (PIT_CVALn)............................................................................................. 925
38.3.4 Timer Control Register (PIT_TCTRLn)......................................................................................................926
38.3.5 Timer Flag Register (PIT_TFLGn)..............................................................................................................926
38.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................927
38.4.1 General operation.........................................................................................................................................927
38.4.2 Interrupts...................................................................................................................................................... 929
38.4.3 Chained timers............................................................................................................................................. 929
38.5 Initialization and application information.....................................................................................................................929
38.6 Example configuration for chained timers....................................................................................................................930
Chapter 39
Low-Power Timer (LPTMR)
39.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................933
39.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 933
39.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 933
39.2 LPTMR signal descriptions.......................................................................................................................................... 934
39.2.1 Detailed signal descriptions......................................................................................................................... 934
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39.3 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................934
39.3.1 Low Power Timer Control Status Register (LPTMRx_CSR)......................................................................935
39.3.2 Low Power Timer Prescale Register (LPTMRx_PSR)................................................................................936
39.3.3 Low Power Timer Compare Register (LPTMRx_CMR).............................................................................938
39.3.4 Low Power Timer Counter Register (LPTMRx_CNR)............................................................................... 938
39.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................939
39.4.1 LPTMR power and reset..............................................................................................................................939
39.4.2 LPTMR clocking..........................................................................................................................................939
39.4.3 LPTMR prescaler/glitch filter......................................................................................................................939
39.4.4 LPTMR compare..........................................................................................................................................941
39.4.5 LPTMR counter........................................................................................................................................... 941
39.4.6 LPTMR hardware trigger.............................................................................................................................942
39.4.7 LPTMR interrupt..........................................................................................................................................942
Chapter 40
Real Time Clock (RTC)
40.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................943
40.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 943
40.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 943
40.1.3 RTC signal descriptions...............................................................................................................................944
40.2 Register definition.........................................................................................................................................................945
40.2.1 RTC Time Seconds Register (RTC_TSR)...................................................................................................945
40.2.2 RTC Time Prescaler Register (RTC_TPR)..................................................................................................946
40.2.3 RTC Time Alarm Register (RTC_TAR)..................................................................................................... 946
40.2.4 RTC Time Compensation Register (RTC_TCR).........................................................................................947
40.2.5 RTC Control Register (RTC_CR)................................................................................................................948
40.2.6 RTC Status Register (RTC_SR).................................................................................................................. 950
40.2.7 RTC Lock Register (RTC_LR)....................................................................................................................951
40.2.8 RTC Interrupt Enable Register (RTC_IER).................................................................................................952
40.2.9 RTC Write Access Register (RTC_WAR).................................................................................................. 953
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40.2.10 RTC Read Access Register (RTC_RAR).................................................................................................... 954
40.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................956
40.3.1 Power, clocking, and reset........................................................................................................................... 956
40.3.2 Time counter................................................................................................................................................ 957
40.3.3 Compensation...............................................................................................................................................958
40.3.4 Time alarm................................................................................................................................................... 958
40.3.5 Update mode................................................................................................................................................ 959
40.3.6 Register lock................................................................................................................................................ 959
40.3.7 Access control..............................................................................................................................................959
40.3.8 Interrupt........................................................................................................................................................959
Chapter 41
Universal Serial Bus Full Speed OTG Controller (USBFSOTG)
41.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................961
41.1.1 References....................................................................................................................................................961
41.1.2 USB..............................................................................................................................................................962
41.1.3 USB On-The-Go.......................................................................................................................................... 963
41.1.4 USBFS Features...........................................................................................................................................964
41.2 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................964
41.2.1 Data Structures.............................................................................................................................................964
41.2.2 On-chip transceiver required external components......................................................................................965
41.3 Programmers interface..................................................................................................................................................967
41.3.1 Buffer Descriptor Table............................................................................................................................... 967
41.3.2 RX vs. TX as a USB peripheral device or USB host...................................................................................968
41.3.3 Addressing BDT entries...............................................................................................................................969
41.3.4 Buffer Descriptors (BDs).............................................................................................................................970
41.3.5 USB transaction........................................................................................................................................... 972
41.4 Memory map/Register definitions................................................................................................................................ 974
41.4.1 Peripheral ID register (USBx_PERID)........................................................................................................ 977
41.4.2 Peripheral ID Complement register (USBx_IDCOMP)...............................................................................977
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41.4.3 Peripheral Revision register (USBx_REV)..................................................................................................978
41.4.4 Peripheral Additional Info register (USBx_ADDINFO)............................................................................. 978
41.4.5 OTG Interrupt Status register (USBx_OTGISTAT)....................................................................................979
41.4.6 OTG Interrupt Control register (USBx_OTGICR)...................................................................................... 980
41.4.7 OTG Status register (USBx_OTGSTAT).................................................................................................... 981
41.4.8 OTG Control register (USBx_OTGCTL).................................................................................................... 982
41.4.9 Interrupt Status register (USBx_ISTAT)..................................................................................................... 983
41.4.10 Interrupt Enable register (USBx_INTEN)................................................................................................... 984
41.4.11 Error Interrupt Status register (USBx_ERRSTAT)..................................................................................... 985
41.4.12 Error Interrupt Enable register (USBx_ERREN).........................................................................................986
41.4.13 Status register (USBx_STAT)......................................................................................................................987
41.4.14 Control register (USBx_CTL)......................................................................................................................988
41.4.15 Address register (USBx_ADDR).................................................................................................................989
41.4.16 BDT Page register 1 (USBx_BDTPAGE1)................................................................................................. 990
41.4.17 Frame Number register Low (USBx_FRMNUML).....................................................................................990
41.4.18 Frame Number register High (USBx_FRMNUMH)................................................................................... 991
41.4.19 Token register (USBx_TOKEN)..................................................................................................................991
41.4.20 SOF Threshold register (USBx_SOFTHLD)...............................................................................................992
41.4.21 BDT Page Register 2 (USBx_BDTPAGE2)................................................................................................993
41.4.22 BDT Page Register 3 (USBx_BDTPAGE3)................................................................................................993
41.4.23 Endpoint Control register (USBx_ENDPTn)...............................................................................................994
41.4.24 USB Control register (USBx_USBCTRL).................................................................................................. 995
41.4.25 USB OTG Observe register (USBx_OBSERVE)........................................................................................996
41.4.26 USB OTG Control register (USBx_CONTROL)........................................................................................ 996
41.4.27 USB Transceiver Control register 0 (USBx_USBTRC0)............................................................................997
41.4.28 Frame Adjust Register (USBx_USBFRMADJUST)................................................................................... 998
41.4.29 USB Clock recovery control (USBx_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL)................................................................999
41.4.30 IRC48M oscillator enable register (USBx_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN)................................................... 1000
41.4.31 Clock recovery combined interrupt enable (USBx_CLK_RECOVER_INT_EN)...................................... 1001
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41.4.32 Clock recovery separated interrupt status (USBx_CLK_RECOVER_INT_STATUS).............................. 1001
41.5 OTG and Host mode operation.....................................................................................................................................1002
41.6 Host Mode Operation Examples...................................................................................................................................1002
41.7 On-The-Go operation....................................................................................................................................................1005
41.7.1 OTG dual role A device operation...............................................................................................................1006
41.7.2 OTG dual role B device operation............................................................................................................... 1007
41.8 Device mode IRC48 operation......................................................................................................................................1009
Chapter 42
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
42.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1011
42.1.1 Block Diagram............................................................................................................................................. 1011
42.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1012
42.1.3 Interface configurations............................................................................................................................... 1014
42.1.4 Modes of Operation..................................................................................................................................... 1014
42.2 Module signal descriptions........................................................................................................................................... 1016
42.2.1 PCS0/SS—Peripheral Chip Select/Slave Select.......................................................................................... 1016
42.2.2 PCS1–PCS3—Peripheral Chip Selects 1–3.................................................................................................1017
42.2.3 PCS4—Peripheral Chip Select 4..................................................................................................................1017
42.2.4 PCS5/PCSS—Peripheral Chip Select 5/Peripheral Chip Select Strobe.......................................................1017
42.2.5 SCK—Serial Clock......................................................................................................................................1017
42.2.6 SIN—Serial Input........................................................................................................................................ 1017
42.2.7 SOUT—Serial Output..................................................................................................................................1018
42.3 Memory Map/Register Definition.................................................................................................................................1018
42.3.1 Module Configuration Register (SPIx_MCR)............................................................................................. 1020
42.3.2 Transfer Count Register (SPIx_TCR)..........................................................................................................1023
42.3.3 Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode) (SPIx_CTARn)................................................ 1024
42.3.4 Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Slave Mode) (SPIx_CTARn_SLAVE)................................... 1028
42.3.5 Status Register (SPIx_SR)........................................................................................................................... 1030
42.3.6 DMA/Interrupt Request Select and Enable Register (SPIx_RSER)............................................................ 1033
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42.3.7 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Master Mode (SPIx_PUSHR)........................................................................ 1035
42.3.8 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Slave Mode (SPIx_PUSHR_SLAVE)............................................................1037
42.3.9 POP RX FIFO Register (SPIx_POPR).........................................................................................................1037
42.3.10 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPIx_TXFRn).................................................................................................... 1038
42.3.11 Receive FIFO Registers (SPIx_RXFRn)......................................................................................................1038
42.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1039
42.4.1 Start and Stop of module transfers...............................................................................................................1040
42.4.2 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) configuration............................................................................................1040
42.4.3 Module baud rate and clock delay generation............................................................................................. 1044
42.4.4 Transfer formats...........................................................................................................................................1048
42.4.5 Continuous Serial Communications Clock..................................................................................................1057
42.4.6 Slave Mode Operation Constraints.............................................................................................................. 1059
42.4.7 Interrupts/DMA requests..............................................................................................................................1059
42.4.8 Power saving features.................................................................................................................................. 1061
42.5 Initialization/application information........................................................................................................................... 1062
42.5.1 How to manage queues................................................................................................................................ 1063
42.5.2 Switching Master and Slave mode...............................................................................................................1063
42.5.3 Initializing Module in Master/Slave Modes.................................................................................................1064
42.5.4 Baud rate settings.........................................................................................................................................1064
42.5.5 Delay settings...............................................................................................................................................1065
42.5.6 Calculation of FIFO pointer addresses.........................................................................................................1066
Chapter 43
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)
43.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1069
43.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1069
43.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 1070
43.1.3 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................1070
43.2 I2C signal descriptions..................................................................................................................................................1071
43.3 Memory map/register definition................................................................................................................................... 1072
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43.3.1 I2C Address Register 1 (I2Cx_A1)..............................................................................................................1073
43.3.2 I2C Frequency Divider register (I2Cx_F)....................................................................................................1073
43.3.3 I2C Control Register 1 (I2Cx_C1)...............................................................................................................1074
43.3.4 I2C Status register (I2Cx_S)........................................................................................................................ 1076
43.3.5 I2C Data I/O register (I2Cx_D)................................................................................................................... 1078
43.3.6 I2C Control Register 2 (I2Cx_C2)...............................................................................................................1078
43.3.7 I2C Programmable Input Glitch Filter Register (I2Cx_FLT)...................................................................... 1079
43.3.8 I2C Range Address register (I2Cx_RA)...................................................................................................... 1081
43.3.9 I2C SMBus Control and Status register (I2Cx_SMB).................................................................................1081
43.3.10 I2C Address Register 2 (I2Cx_A2)..............................................................................................................1083
43.3.11 I2C SCL Low Timeout Register High (I2Cx_SLTH)..................................................................................1083
43.3.12 I2C SCL Low Timeout Register Low (I2Cx_SLTL)...................................................................................1084
43.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1084
43.4.1 I2C protocol................................................................................................................................................. 1084
43.4.2 10-bit address............................................................................................................................................... 1089
43.4.3 Address matching.........................................................................................................................................1091
43.4.4 System management bus specification........................................................................................................ 1092
43.4.5 Resets........................................................................................................................................................... 1094
43.4.6 Interrupts...................................................................................................................................................... 1094
43.4.7 Programmable input glitch filter..................................................................................................................1097
43.4.8 Address matching wake-up..........................................................................................................................1097
43.4.9 DMA support............................................................................................................................................... 1098
43.5 Initialization/application information........................................................................................................................... 1099
Chapter 44
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
44.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1103
44.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1103
44.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 1105
44.2 UART signal descriptions.............................................................................................................................................1106
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44.2.1 Detailed signal descriptions......................................................................................................................... 1106
44.3 Memory map and registers............................................................................................................................................1107
44.3.1 UART Baud Rate Registers: High (UARTx_BDH).................................................................................... 1112
44.3.2 UART Baud Rate Registers: Low (UARTx_BDL)..................................................................................... 1113
44.3.3 UART Control Register 1 (UARTx_C1)..................................................................................................... 1114
44.3.4 UART Control Register 2 (UARTx_C2)..................................................................................................... 1115
44.3.5 UART Status Register 1 (UARTx_S1)........................................................................................................ 1117
44.3.6 UART Status Register 2 (UARTx_S2)........................................................................................................ 1120
44.3.7 UART Control Register 3 (UARTx_C3)..................................................................................................... 1122
44.3.8 UART Data Register (UARTx_D)...............................................................................................................1123
44.3.9 UART Match Address Registers 1 (UARTx_MA1)....................................................................................1124
44.3.10 UART Match Address Registers 2 (UARTx_MA2)....................................................................................1125
44.3.11 UART Control Register 4 (UARTx_C4)..................................................................................................... 1125
44.3.12 UART Control Register 5 (UARTx_C5)..................................................................................................... 1126
44.3.13 UART Extended Data Register (UARTx_ED)............................................................................................ 1127
44.3.14 UART Modem Register (UARTx_MODEM)............................................................................................. 1128
44.3.15 UART Infrared Register (UARTx_IR)........................................................................................................ 1129
44.3.16 UART FIFO Parameters (UARTx_PFIFO)................................................................................................. 1130
44.3.17 UART FIFO Control Register (UARTx_CFIFO)........................................................................................1131
44.3.18 UART FIFO Status Register (UARTx_SFIFO)...........................................................................................1132
44.3.19 UART FIFO Transmit Watermark (UARTx_TWFIFO)............................................................................. 1133
44.3.20 UART FIFO Transmit Count (UARTx_TCFIFO).......................................................................................1134
44.3.21 UART FIFO Receive Watermark (UARTx_RWFIFO)...............................................................................1134
44.3.22 UART FIFO Receive Count (UARTx_RCFIFO)........................................................................................ 1135
44.3.23 UART 7816 Control Register (UARTx_C7816)......................................................................................... 1135
44.3.24 UART 7816 Interrupt Enable Register (UARTx_IE7816).......................................................................... 1137
44.3.25 UART 7816 Interrupt Status Register (UARTx_IS7816)............................................................................1138
44.3.26 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register (UARTx_WP7816)......................................................................... 1140
44.3.27 UART 7816 Wait N Register (UARTx_WN7816)......................................................................................1140
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44.3.28 UART 7816 Wait FD Register (UARTx_WF7816).................................................................................... 1141
44.3.29 UART 7816 Error Threshold Register (UARTx_ET7816)..........................................................................1141
44.3.30 UART 7816 Transmit Length Register (UARTx_TL7816)........................................................................ 1142
44.3.31 UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register A (UARTx_AP7816A_T0)....................................................1142
44.3.32 UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register B (UARTx_AP7816B_T0).................................................... 1143
44.3.33 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A (UARTx_WP7816A_T0)............................................................1144
44.3.34 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A (UARTx_WP7816A_T1)............................................................1144
44.3.35 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B (UARTx_WP7816B_T0)............................................................ 1145
44.3.36 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B (UARTx_WP7816B_T1)............................................................ 1145
44.3.37 UART 7816 Wait and Guard Parameter Register (UARTx_WGP7816_T1)..............................................1146
44.3.38 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register C (UARTx_WP7816C_T1)............................................................ 1146
44.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1147
44.4.1 Transmitter...................................................................................................................................................1147
44.4.2 Receiver....................................................................................................................................................... 1153
44.4.3 Baud rate generation.................................................................................................................................... 1167
44.4.4 Data format (non ISO-7816)........................................................................................................................1169
44.4.5 Single-wire operation...................................................................................................................................1172
44.4.6 Loop operation............................................................................................................................................. 1173
44.4.7 ISO-7816/smartcard support........................................................................................................................1173
44.4.8 Infrared interface..........................................................................................................................................1178
44.5 Reset..............................................................................................................................................................................1180
44.6 System level interrupt sources...................................................................................................................................... 1180
44.6.1 RXEDGIF description..................................................................................................................................1180
44.7 DMA operation............................................................................................................................................................. 1181
44.8 Application information................................................................................................................................................1182
44.8.1 Transmit/receive data buffer operation........................................................................................................1182
44.8.2 ISO-7816 initialization sequence.................................................................................................................1182
44.8.3 Initialization sequence (non ISO-7816)....................................................................................................... 1184
44.8.4 Overrun (OR) flag implications................................................................................................................... 1185
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44.8.5 Overrun NACK considerations....................................................................................................................1186
44.8.6 Match address registers................................................................................................................................1187
44.8.7 Modem feature............................................................................................................................................. 1187
44.8.8 IrDA minimum pulse width......................................................................................................................... 1188
44.8.9 Clearing 7816 wait timer (WT, BWT, CWT) interrupts..............................................................................1188
44.8.10 Legacy and reverse compatibility considerations........................................................................................ 1189
Chapter 45
Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (LPUART)
45.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1191
45.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1191
45.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 1192
45.1.3 Signal Descriptions...................................................................................................................................... 1192
45.1.4 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................1193
45.2 Register definition.........................................................................................................................................................1194
45.2.1 LPUART Baud Rate Register (LPUARTx_BAUD)....................................................................................1195
45.2.2 LPUART Status Register (LPUARTx_STAT)............................................................................................1197
45.2.3 LPUART Control Register (LPUARTx_CTRL)......................................................................................... 1201
45.2.4 LPUART Data Register (LPUARTx_DATA)............................................................................................. 1206
45.2.5 LPUART Match Address Register (LPUARTx_MATCH).........................................................................1208
45.2.6 LPUART Modem IrDA Register (LPUARTx_MODIR).............................................................................1208
45.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1210
45.3.1 Baud rate generation.................................................................................................................................... 1210
45.3.2 Transmitter functional description...............................................................................................................1211
45.3.3 Receiver functional description................................................................................................................... 1214
45.3.4 Additional LPUART functions.................................................................................................................... 1220
45.3.5 Infrared interface..........................................................................................................................................1222
45.3.6 Interrupts and status flags............................................................................................................................ 1223
Chapter 46
Integrated Interchip Sound (I2S) / Synchronous Audio Interface (SAI)
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46.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1225
46.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1225
46.1.2 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................1225
46.1.3 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 1226
46.2 External signals.............................................................................................................................................................1227
46.3 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................1228
46.3.1 SAI Transmit Control Register (I2Sx_TCSR)............................................................................................. 1229
46.3.2 SAI Transmit Configuration 1 Register (I2Sx_TCR1)................................................................................ 1232
46.3.3 SAI Transmit Configuration 2 Register (I2Sx_TCR2)................................................................................ 1233
46.3.4 SAI Transmit Configuration 3 Register (I2Sx_TCR3)................................................................................ 1234
46.3.5 SAI Transmit Configuration 4 Register (I2Sx_TCR4)................................................................................ 1235
46.3.6 SAI Transmit Configuration 5 Register (I2Sx_TCR5)................................................................................ 1237
46.3.7 SAI Transmit Data Register (I2Sx_TDRn)..................................................................................................1238
46.3.8 SAI Transmit FIFO Register (I2Sx_TFRn)................................................................................................. 1238
46.3.9 SAI Transmit Mask Register (I2Sx_TMR)..................................................................................................1239
46.3.10 SAI Receive Control Register (I2Sx_RCSR)...............................................................................................1240
46.3.11 SAI Receive Configuration 1 Register (I2Sx_RCR1)..................................................................................1243
46.3.12 SAI Receive Configuration 2 Register (I2Sx_RCR2)..................................................................................1243
46.3.13 SAI Receive Configuration 3 Register (I2Sx_RCR3)..................................................................................1245
46.3.14 SAI Receive Configuration 4 Register (I2Sx_RCR4)..................................................................................1246
46.3.15 SAI Receive Configuration 5 Register (I2Sx_RCR5)..................................................................................1248
46.3.16 SAI Receive Data Register (I2Sx_RDRn)................................................................................................... 1248
46.3.17 SAI Receive FIFO Register (I2Sx_RFRn)...................................................................................................1249
46.3.18 SAI Receive Mask Register (I2Sx_RMR)................................................................................................... 1249
46.3.19 SAI MCLK Control Register (I2Sx_MCR)................................................................................................. 1250
46.3.20 SAI MCLK Divide Register (I2Sx_MDR).................................................................................................. 1251
46.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1252
46.4.1 SAI clocking................................................................................................................................................ 1252
46.4.2 SAI resets..................................................................................................................................................... 1254
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46.4.3 Synchronous modes..................................................................................................................................... 1255
46.4.4 Frame sync configuration.............................................................................................................................1255
46.4.5 Data FIFO.................................................................................................................................................... 1256
46.4.6 Word mask register...................................................................................................................................... 1259
46.4.7 Interrupts and DMA requests.......................................................................................................................1259
Chapter 47
General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
47.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1263
47.1.1 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1263
47.1.2 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 1263
47.1.3 GPIO signal descriptions............................................................................................................................. 1264
47.2 Memory map and register definition.............................................................................................................................1265
47.2.1 Port Data Output Register (GPIOx_PDOR).................................................................................................1266
47.2.2 Port Set Output Register (GPIOx_PSOR)....................................................................................................1267
47.2.3 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOx_PCOR)................................................................................................1268
47.2.4 Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOx_PTOR)............................................................................................. 1268
47.2.5 Port Data Input Register (GPIOx_PDIR).....................................................................................................1269
47.2.6 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOx_PDDR).............................................................................................1269
47.3 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1270
47.3.1 General-purpose input..................................................................................................................................1270
47.3.2 General-purpose output................................................................................................................................1270
Chapter 48
JTAG Controller (JTAGC)
48.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1271
48.1.1 Block diagram..............................................................................................................................................1271
48.1.2 Features........................................................................................................................................................ 1272
48.1.3 Modes of operation...................................................................................................................................... 1272
48.2 External signal description............................................................................................................................................1274
48.2.1 TCK—Test clock input................................................................................................................................1274
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48.2.2 TDI—Test data input................................................................................................................................... 1274
48.2.3 TDO—Test data output................................................................................................................................1274
48.2.4 TMS—Test mode select...............................................................................................................................1274
48.3 Register description...................................................................................................................................................... 1275
48.3.1 Instruction register....................................................................................................................................... 1275
48.3.2 Bypass register............................................................................................................................................. 1275
48.3.3 Device identification register.......................................................................................................................1275
48.3.4 Boundary scan register.................................................................................................................................1276
48.4 Functional description...................................................................................................................................................1277
48.4.1 JTAGC reset configuration.......................................................................................................................... 1277
48.4.2 IEEE 1149.1-2001 (JTAG) Test Access Port.............................................................................................. 1277
48.4.3 TAP controller state machine.......................................................................................................................1277
48.4.4 JTAGC block instructions............................................................................................................................1279
48.4.5 Boundary scan..............................................................................................................................................1282
48.5 Initialization/Application information.......................................................................................................................... 1282
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44 NXP Semiconductors
Chapter 1
About This Document
1.1 Overview
1.1.1 Purpose
This document describes the features, architecture, and programming model of the
microcontroller.
1.1.2 Audience
This document is intended for system architects and software application developers who
are using (or considering using) the microcontroller in a system.
1.2 Conventions
1.2.1 Numbering systems
The following suffixes identify different numbering systems:
This suffix Identifies a
b Binary number. For example, the binary equivalent of the
number 5 is written 101b. In some cases, binary numbers are
shown with the prefix 0b.
d Decimal number. Decimal numbers are followed by this suffix
only when the possibility of confusion exists. In general,
decimal numbers are shown without a suffix.
h Hexadecimal number. For example, the hexadecimal
equivalent of the number 60 is written 3Ch. In some cases,
hexadecimal numbers are shown with the prefix 0x.
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NXP Semiconductors 45
1.2.2 Typographic notation
The following typographic notation is used throughout this document:
Example Description
placeholder, x Items in italics are placeholders for information that you provide. Italicized text is also used for
the titles of publications and for emphasis. Plain lowercase letters are also used as
placeholders for single letters and numbers.
code Fixed-width type indicates text that must be typed exactly as shown. It is used for instruction
mnemonics, directives, symbols, subcommands, parameters, and operators. Fixed-width type
is also used for example code. Instruction mnemonics and directives in text and tables are
shown in all caps; for example, BSR.
SR[SCM] A mnemonic in brackets represents a named field in a register. This example refers to the
Scaling Mode (SCM) field in the Status Register (SR).
REVNO[6:4], XAD[7:0] Numbers in brackets and separated by a colon represent either:
• A subset of a register's named field
For example, REVNO[6:4] refers to bits 6–4 that are part of the COREREV field that
occupies bits 6–0 of the REVNO register.
• A continuous range of individual signals of a bus
For example, XAD[7:0] refers to signals 7–0 of the XAD bus.
1.2.3 Special terms
The following terms have special meanings:
Term Meaning
asserted Refers to the state of a signal as follows:
• An active-high signal is asserted when high (1).
• An active-low signal is asserted when low (0).
deasserted Refers to the state of a signal as follows:
• An active-high signal is deasserted when low (0).
• An active-low signal is deasserted when high (1).
In some cases, deasserted signals are described as negated.
reserved Refers to a memory space, register, or field that is either
reserved for future use or for which, when written to, the
module or chip behavior is unpredictable.
w1c Write 1 to clear: Refers to a register bitfield that must be
written as 1 to be "cleared."
Conventions
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Chapter 2
Introduction
2.1 Overview
This chapter provides high-level descriptions of the modules available on the devices
covered by this document.
2.2 Module Functional Categories
The modules on this device are grouped into functional categories. The following
sections describe the modules assigned to each category in more detail.
Table 2-1. Module functional categories
Module category Description
ARM® Cortex®-M4 core • 32-bit MCU core from ARM’s Cortex-M class adding DSP instructions and
single-precision floating point unit based on ARMv7 architecture
System • System integration module
• Power management and mode controllers
• Multiple power modes available based on high speed run, run, wait,
stop, and power-down modes
• Low-leakage wakeup unit
• Miscellaneous control module
• Crossbar switch
• Peripheral bridge
• Direct memory access (DMA) controller with multiplexer to increase available
DMA requests.
• External watchdog monitor
• Watchdog
Memories • Internal memories include:
• Program flash memory
• SRAM
• Serial programming interface: EzPort
Clocks • Multiple clock generation options available from internally- and externally-
generated clocks
• System oscillator to provide clock source for the MCU
• RTC oscillator to provide clock source for the RTC
Table continues on the next page...
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NXP Semiconductors 47
Table 2-1. Module functional categories (continued)
Module category Description
Security • Cyclic Redundancy Check module for error detection
Analog • High speed analog-to-digital converter
• Comparator
• Digital-to-analog converter
• Internal voltage reference
• Bandgap voltage reference
Timers • Programmable delay block
• FlexTimers
• Periodic interrupt timer
• Low power timer
• Independent real time clock
Communications • USB OTG controller with built-in FS/LS transceiver
• Serial peripheral interface
• Inter-integrated circuit (I2C)
• UART
• Low-power UART (LPUART)
• Integrated interchip sound (I2S)
Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) • General purpose input/output controller
2.2.1 ARM® Cortex®-M4 Core Modules
The following core modules are available on this device.
Table 2-2. Core modules
Module Description
ARM Cortex-M4 The ARM® Cortex®-M4 is the newest member of the Cortex M Series of
processors targeting microcontroller cores focused on very cost sensitive,
deterministic, interrupt driven environments. The Cortex M4 processor is based on
the ARMv7 Architecture and Thumb®-2 ISA and is upward compatible with the
Cortex M3, Cortex M1, and Cortex M0 architectures. Cortex M4 improvements
include an ARMv7 Thumb-2 DSP (ported from the ARMv7-A/R profile
architectures) providing 32-bit instructions with SIMD (single instruction multiple
data) DSP style multiply-accumulates and saturating arithmetic.
Floating point unit (FPU) A single-precision floating point unit (FPU) that is compliant to the IEEE Standard
for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754).
NVIC The ARMv7-M exception model and nested-vectored interrupt controller (NVIC)
implement a relocatable vector table supporting many external interrupts, a single
non-maskable interrupt (NMI), and priority levels.
The NVIC replaces shadow registers with equivalent system and simplified
programmability. The NVIC contains the address of the function to execute for a
particular handler. The address is fetched via the instruction port allowing parallel
register stacking and look-up. The first sixteen entries are allocated to ARM
internal sources with the others mapping to MCU-defined interrupts.
AWIC The primary function of the Asynchronous Wake-up Interrupt Controller (AWIC) is
to detect asynchronous wake-up events in stop modes and signal to clock control
Table continues on the next page...
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48 NXP Semiconductors
Table 2-2. Core modules (continued)
Module Description
logic to resume system clocking. After clock restart, the NVIC observes the
pending interrupt and performs the normal interrupt or event processing.
Debug interfaces Most of this device's debug is based on the ARM CoreSight™ architecture. Four
debug interfaces are supported:
• IEEE 1149.1 JTAG
• IEEE 1149.7 JTAG (cJTAG)
• Serial Wire Debug (SWD)
• ARM Real-Time Trace Interface
2.2.2 System Modules
The following system modules are available on this device.
Table 2-3. System modules
Module Description
System integration module (SIM) The SIM includes integration logic and several module configuration settings.
System mode controller The SMC provides control and protection on entry and exit to each power mode,
control for the Power management controller (PMC), and reset entry and exit for
the complete MCU.
Power management controller (PMC) The PMC provides the user with multiple power options that allow the user to
optimize power consumption for the level of functionality needed. Includes power-
on-reset (POR) and integrated low voltage detect (LVD) with reset (brownout)
capability and selectable LVD trip points.
Low-leakage wakeup unit (LLWU) The LLWU module allows the device to wake from low leakage power modes (LLS
and VLLS) through various internal peripheral and external pin sources.
Miscellaneous control module (MCM) The MCM includes integration logic
Crossbar switch (XBS) The XBS connects bus masters and bus slaves, allowing all bus masters to access
different bus slaves simultaneously and providing arbitration among the bus
masters when they access the same slave.
Peripheral bridges The peripheral bridge converts the crossbar switch interface to an interface to
access a majority of peripherals on the device.
DMA multiplexer (DMAMUX) The DMA multiplexer selects from many DMA requests down to a smaller number
for the DMA controller.
Direct memory access (DMA) controller The DMA controller provides programmable channels with transfer control
descriptors for data movement via dual-address transfers for 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit,
16-byte and 32-byte data values.
External watchdog monitor (EWM) The EWM is a redundant mechanism to the software watchdog module that
monitors both internal and external system operation for fail conditions.
Software watchdog (WDOG) The WDOG monitors internal system operation and forces a reset in case of
failure. It can run from an independent 1 KHz low power oscillator with a
programmable refresh window to detect deviations in program flow or system
frequency.
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2.2.3 Memories and Memory Interfaces
The following memories and memory interfaces are available on this device.
Table 2-4. Memories and memory interfaces
Module Description
Flash memory • Program flash memory — non-volatile flash memory that can execute
program code
Flash memory controller Manages the interface between the device and the on-chip flash memory.
SRAM Internal system RAM. Partial SRAM kept powered in LLS2 and VLLS2 low leakage
mode.
System register file 32-byte register file that is accessible during all power modes and is powered by
VDD.
VBAT register file 32-byte register file that is accessible during all power modes and is powered by
VBAT.
Serial programming interface (EzPort) Same serial interface as, and subset of, the command set used by industry-
standard SPI flash memories. Provides the ability to read, erase, and program
flash memory and reset command to boot the system after flash programming.
2.2.4 Clocks
The following clock modules are available on this device.
Table 2-5. Clock modules
Module Description
Multi-clock generator (MCG) The MCG provides several clock sources for the MCU that include:
• Frequency-locked loop (FLL) — Digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO)
• Internal reference clocks — Can be used as a clock source for other on-chip
peripherals
48 MHz Internal Reference Clock
(IRC48M)
The IRC48M provides an internally generated clock source. Clock Recovery
circuitry uses the incoming USB data stream to adjust the internal oscillator and
enables the internal oscillator to meet the requirements for USB clock tolerance.
System oscillator The system oscillator, in conjunction with an external crystal or resonator,
generates a reference clock for the MCU.
Real-time clock oscillator The RTC oscillator has an independent power supply and supports a 32 kHz
crystal oscillator to feed the RTC clock. Optionally, the RTC oscillator can replace
the system oscillator as the main oscillator source.
2.2.5 Security and Integrity modules
The following security and integrity modules are available on this device:
Module Functional Categories
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50 NXP Semiconductors
Table 2-6. Security and integrity modules
Module Description
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Hardware CRC generator circuit using 16/32-bit shift register. Error detection for all
single, double, odd, and most multi-bit errors, programmable initial seed value, and
optional feature to transpose input data and CRC result via transpose register.
2.2.6 Analog modules
The following analog modules are available on this device:
Table 2-7. Analog modules
Module Description
16-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) 16-bit successive-approximation ADC
Analog comparators Compares two analog input voltages across the full range of the supply voltage.
6-bit digital-to-analog converters (DAC) 64-tap resistor ladder network which provides a selectable voltage reference for
applications where voltage reference is needed.
12-bit digital-to-analog converters (DAC) Low-power general-purpose DAC, whose output can be placed on an external pin
or set as one of the inputs to the analog comparator or ADC.
Voltage reference (VREF) Supplies an accurate voltage output that is trimmable in 0.5 mV steps. The VREF
can be used in medical applications, such as glucose meters, to provide a
reference voltage to biosensors or as a reference to analog peripherals, such as
the ADC, DAC, or CMP.
2.2.7 Timer modules
The following timer modules are available on this device:
Table 2-8. Timer modules
Module Description
Programmable delay block (PDB) • 16-bit resolution
• 3-bit prescaler
• Positive transition of trigger event signal initiates the counter
• Supports two triggered delay output signals, each with an independently-
controlled delay from the trigger event
• Outputs can be OR'd together to schedule two conversions from one input
trigger event and can schedule precise edge placement for a pulsed output.
This feature is used to generate the control signal for the CMP windowing
feature and output to a package pin if needed for applications, such as
critical conductive mode power factor correction.
• Continuous-pulse output or single-shot mode supported, each output is
independently enabled, with possible trigger events
• Supports bypass mode
• Supports DMA
Table continues on the next page...
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NXP Semiconductors 51
Table 2-8. Timer modules (continued)
Module Description
Flexible timer modules (FTM) • Selectable FTM source clock, programmable prescaler
• 16-bit counter supporting free-running or initial/final value, and counting is up
or up-down
• Input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned and center-aligned PWM
modes
• Operation of FTM channels as pairs with equal outputs, pairs with
complimentary outputs, or independent channels with independent outputs
• Deadtime insertion is available for each complementary pair
• Generation of hardware triggers
• Software control of PWM outputs
• Up to 4 fault inputs for global fault control
• Configurable channel polarity
• Programmable interrupt on input capture, reference compare, overflowed
counter, or detected fault condition
• Quadrature decoder with input filters, relative position counting, and interrupt
on position count or capture of position count on external event
• DMA support for FTM events
Periodic interrupt timers (PIT) • Four general purpose interrupt timers
• Interrupt timers for triggering ADC conversions
• 32-bit counter resolution
• DMA support
Low-power timer (LPTimer) • Selectable clock for prescaler/glitch filter of 1 kHz (internal LPO), 32.768 kHz
(external crystal), or internal reference clock
• Configurable Glitch Filter or Prescaler with 16-bit counter
• 16-bit time or pulse counter with compare
• Interrupt generated on Timer Compare
• Hardware trigger generated on Timer Compare
Real-time clock (RTC) • Independent power supply, POR, and 32 kHz Crystal Oscillator
• 32-bit seconds counter with 32-bit Alarm
• 16-bit Prescaler with compensation that can correct errors between 0.12 ppm
and 3906 ppm
2.2.8 Communication interfaces
The following communication interfaces are available on this device:
Table 2-9. Communication modules
Module Description
USB OTG (low-/full-speed) USB 2.0 compliant module with support for host, device, and On-The-Go modes.
Includes an on-chip transceiver for full and low speeds.
Serial peripheral interface (SPI) Synchronous serial bus for communication to an external device
Inter-integrated circuit (I2C) Allows communication between a number of devices. Also supports the System
Management Bus (SMBus) Specification, version 2.
Universal asynchronous receiver/
transmitters (UART)
Asynchronous serial bus communication interface with programmable 8- or 9-bit
data format and support of ISO 7816 smart card interface
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 2-9. Communication modules (continued)
Module Description
I2S The I2S is a full-duplex, serial port that allows the chip to communicate with a
variety of serial devices, such as standard codecs, digital signal processors
(DSPs), microprocessors, peripherals, and audio codecs that implement the inter-
IC sound bus (I2S) and the Intel® AC97 standards
LPUART Low power UART module that retains functionality in stop modes.
2.2.9 Human-machine interfaces
The following human-machine interfaces (HMI) are available on this device:
Table 2-10. HMI modules
Module Description
General purpose input/output (GPIO) All general purpose input or output (GPIO) pins are capable of interrupt and DMA
request generation.
2.3 Orderable part numbers
The following table summarizes the part numbers of the devices covered by this
document.
Table 2-11. Orderable part numbers summary
Part number CPU
frequency
Pin count Package Program
flash
SRAM GPIO
MK22FN128VDC10 100 MHz 121 XFBGA 128 KB 24 KB 67
MK22FN128VLL10 100 MHz 100 LQFP 128 KB 24 KB 66
MK22FN128VMP10 100 MHz 64 MAPBGA 128 KB 24 KB 40
MK22FN128VLH10 100 MHz 64 LQFP 128 KB 24 KB 40
MK22FN128CAK10R 100 MHz 49 WLCSP 128 KB 24 KB 35
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Orderable part numbers
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Chapter 3
Chip Configuration
3.1 Introduction
This chapter provides details on the individual modules of the microcontroller. It
includes:
• module block diagrams showing immediate connections within the device,
• specific module-to-module interactions not necessarily discussed in the individual
module chapters, and
• links for more information.
3.2 Core modules
3.2.1 ARM Cortex-M4 Core Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. Full
documentation for this module is provided by ARM and can be found at arm.com.
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NXP Semiconductors 55
PPB
Modules
PPB
ARM Cortex-M4
Core
Debug
Interrupts
Crossbar
switch
Figure 3-1. Core configuration
Table 3-1. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description ARM Cortex-M4 core ARM Cortex-M4 Technical Reference Manual
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
System/instruction/data
bus module
Crossbar switch Crossbar switch
Debug IEEE 1149.1 JTAG
IEEE 1149.7 JTAG
(cJTAG)
Serial Wire Debug
(SWD)
ARM Real-Time Trace
Interface
Debug
Interrupts Nested Vectored
Interrupt Controller
(NVIC)
NVIC
Private Peripheral Bus
(PPB) module
Miscellaneous Control
Module (MCM)
MCM
Private Peripheral Bus
(PPB) module
Single-precision floating
point unit (FPU)
FPU
3.2.1.1 Buses, interconnects, and interfaces
The ARM Cortex-M4 core has four buses as described in the following table.
Bus name Description
Instruction code (ICODE) bus The ICODE and DCODE buses are muxed. This muxed bus is called the CODE bus and is
connected to the crossbar switch via a single master port.
Data code (DCODE) bus
System bus The system bus is connected to a separate master port on the crossbar.
Table continues on the next page...
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Bus name Description
Private peripheral (PPB) bus The PPB provides access to these modules:
• ARM modules such as the NVIC, ITM, DWT, FBP, and ROM table
• Miscellaneous Control Module (MCM)
3.2.1.2 System Tick Timer
The System Tick Timer's clock source is always the core clock, FCLK. This results in the
following:
• The CLKSOURCE bit in SysTick Control and Status register is always set to select
the core clock.
• Because the timing reference (FCLK) is a variable frequency, the TENMS bit in the
SysTick Calibration Value Register is always zero.
• The NOREF bit in SysTick Calibration Value Register is always set, implying that
FCLK is the only available source of reference timing.
3.2.1.3 Debug facilities
This device has extensive debug capabilities including run control and tracing
capabilities. The standard ARM debug port that supports JTAG and SWD interfaces.
Also the cJTAG interface is supported on this device.
3.2.1.4 Core privilege levels
The ARM documentation uses different terms than this document to distinguish between
privilege levels.
If you see this term... it also means this term...
Privileged Supervisor
Unprivileged or user User
3.2.2 Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. Full
documentation for this module is provided by ARM and can be found at arm.com.
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Nested Vectored
Interrupt Controller
(NVIC)
ARM
Cortex-M4
core
Interrupts Module
Module
Module
PPB
Figure 3-2. NVIC configuration
Table 3-2. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Nested Vectored
Interrupt Controller
(NVIC)
ARM Cortex-M4 Technical Reference Manual
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Private Peripheral Bus
(PPB)
ARM Cortex-M4 core ARM Cortex-M4 core
3.2.2.1 Interrupt priority levels
This device supports 16 priority levels for interrupts. Therefore, in the NVIC each source
in the IPR registers contains 4 bits. For example, IPR0 is shown below:
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RIRQ3 0000 IRQ2 0000 IRQ1 0 0 0 0 IRQ0 0 0 0 0
W
3.2.2.2 Non-maskable interrupt
The non-maskable interrupt request to the NVIC is controlled by the external NMI signal.
The pin the NMI signal is multiplexed on, must be configured for the NMI function to
generate the non-maskable interrupt request.
3.2.2.3 Interrupt channel assignments
The interrupt source assignments are defined in the following table.
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• Vector number — the value stored on the stack when an interrupt is serviced.
• IRQ number — non-core interrupt source count, which is the vector number minus
16.
The IRQ number is used within ARM's NVIC documentation.
Table 3-4. Interrupt vector assignments
Address Vector IRQ1NVIC
non-IPR
register
number
2
NVIC
IPR
register
number
3
Source module Source description
ARM Core System Handler Vectors
0x0000_0000 0 – – – ARM core Initial Stack Pointer
0x0000_0004 1 – – – ARM core Initial Program Counter
0x0000_0008 2 – – – ARM core Non-maskable Interrupt (NMI)
0x0000_000C 3 – – – ARM core Hard Fault
0x0000_0010 4 – – – ARM core MemManage Fault
0x0000_0014 5 – – – ARM core Bus Fault
0x0000_0018 6 – – – ARM core Usage Fault
0x0000_001C 7 – – – — —
0x0000_0020 8 – – – — —
0x0000_0024 9 – – – — —
0x0000_0028 10 – – – — —
0x0000_002C 11 – – – ARM core Supervisor call (SVCall)
0x0000_0030 12 – – – ARM core Debug Monitor
0x0000_0034 13 – – – — —
0x0000_0038 14 – – – ARM core Pendable request for system service
(PendableSrvReq)
0x0000_003C 15 – – – ARM core System tick timer (SysTick)
Non-Core Vectors
0x0000_0040 16 0 0 0 DMA DMA channel 0 transfer complete
0x0000_0044 17 1 0 0 DMA DMA channel 1 transfer complete
0x0000_0048 18 2 0 0 DMA DMA channel 2 transfer complete
0x0000_004C 19 3 0 0 DMA DMA channel 3 transfer complete
0x0000_0050 20 4 0 1 – –
0x0000_0054 21 5 0 1 – –
0x0000_0058 22 6 0 1 – –
0x0000_005C 23 7 0 1 – –
0x0000_0060 24 8 0 2 – –
0x0000_0064 25 9 0 2 – –
0x0000_0068 26 10 0 2 – –
0x0000_006C 27 11 0 2 – –
Table continues on the next page...
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NXP Semiconductors 59
Table 3-4. Interrupt vector assignments (continued)
Address Vector IRQ1NVIC
non-IPR
register
number
2
NVIC
IPR
register
number
3
Source module Source description
0x0000_0070 28 12 0 3 – –
0x0000_0074 29 13 0 3 – –
0x0000_0078 30 14 0 3 – –
0x0000_007C 31 15 0 3 – –
0x0000_0080 32 16 0 4 DMA DMA error interrupt channels 0-3
0x0000_0084 33 17 0 4 MCM FPU sources
0x0000_0088 34 18 0 4 Flash memory Command complete
0x0000_008C 35 19 0 4 Flash memory Read collision
0x0000_0090 36 20 0 5 Mode Controller Low-voltage detect, low-voltage warning
0x0000_0094 37 21 0 5 LLWU Low Leakage Wakeup
NOTE: The LLWU interrupt must not be
masked by the interrupt
controller to avoid a scenario
where the system does not fully
exit stop mode on an LLS
recovery.
0x0000_0098 38 22 0 5 WDOG or EWM Both watchdog modules share this
interrupt.
0x0000_009C 39 23 0 5 — —
0x0000_00A0 40 24 0 6 I2C0 —
0x0000_00A4 41 25 0 6 I2C1 —
0x0000_00A8 42 26 0 6 SPI0 Single interrupt vector for all sources
0x0000_00AC 43 27 0 6 SPI1 Single interrupt vector for all sources
0x0000_00B0 44 28 0 7 I2S0 Transmit
0x0000_00B4 45 29 0 7 I2S0 Receive
0x0000_00B8 46 30 0 7 LPUART0 Status and error
0x0000_00BC 47 31 0 7 UART0 Single interrupt vector for UART status
sources
0x0000_00C0 48 32 1 8 UART0 Single interrupt vector for UART error
sources
0x0000_00C4 49 33 1 8 UART1 Single interrupt vector for UART status
sources
0x0000_00C8 50 34 1 8 UART1 Single interrupt vector for UART error
sources
0x0000_00CC 51 35 1 8 UART2 Single interrupt vector for UART status
sources
0x0000_00D0 52 36 1 9 UART2 Single interrupt vector for UART error
sources
0x0000_00D4 53 37 1 9 — —
0x0000_00D8 54 38 1 9 — —
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-4. Interrupt vector assignments (continued)
Address Vector IRQ1NVIC
non-IPR
register
number
2
NVIC
IPR
register
number
3
Source module Source description
0x0000_00DC 55 39 1 9 ADC0 —
0x0000_00E0 56 40 1 10 CMP0 —
0x0000_00E4 57 41 1 10 CMP1 —
0x0000_00E8 58 42 1 10 FTM0 Single interrupt vector for all sources
0x0000_00EC 59 43 1 10 FTM1 Single interrupt vector for all sources
0x0000_00F0 60 44 1 11 FTM2 Single interrupt vector for all sources
0x0000_00F4 61 45 1 11 — —
0x0000_00F8 62 46 1 11 RTC Alarm interrupt
0x0000_00FC 63 47 1 11 RTC Seconds interrupt
0x0000_0100 64 48 1 12 PIT Channel 0
0x0000_0104 65 49 1 12 PIT Channel 1
0x0000_0108 66 50 1 12 PIT Channel 2
0x0000_010C 67 51 1 12 PIT Channel 3
0x0000_0110 68 52 1 13 PDB —
0x0000_0114 69 53 1 13 USB OTG —
0x0000_0118 70 54 1 13 — —
0x0000_011C 71 55 1 13 — —
0x0000_0120 72 56 1 14 DAC0 —
0x0000_0124 73 57 1 14 MCG —
0x0000_0128 74 58 1 14 Low Power Timer —
0x0000_012C 75 59 1 14 Port control module Pin detect (Port A)
0x0000_0130 76 60 1 15 Port control module Pin detect (Port B)
0x0000_0134 77 61 1 15 Port control module Pin detect (Port C)
0x0000_0138 78 62 1 15 Port control module Pin detect (Port D)
0x0000_013C 79 63 1 15 Port control module Pin detect (Port E)
0x0000_0140 80 64 2 16 Software Software interrupt4
0x0000_0144 81 65 2 16 — —
0x0000_0148 82 66 2 16 — —
0x0000_014C 83 67 2 16 — —
0x0000_0150 84 68 2 17 — —
0x0000_0154 85 69 2 17 — —
0x0000_0158 86 70 2 17 — —
0x0000_015C 87 71 2 17 — —
0x0000_0160 88 72 2 18 — —
0x0000_0164 89 73 2 18 ADC1 —
1. Indicates the NVIC's interrupt source number.
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2. Indicates the NVIC's ISER, ICER, ISPR, ICPR, and IABR register number used for this IRQ. The equation to calculate this
value is: IRQ div 32
3. Indicates the NVIC's IPR register number used for this IRQ. The equation to calculate this value is: IRQ div 4
4. This interrupt can only be pended or cleared via the NVIC registers.
3.2.2.3.1 Determining the bitfield and register location for configuring a
particular interrupt
Suppose you need to configure the low-power timer (LPTMR) interrupt. The following
table is an excerpt of the LPTMR row from Interrupt channel assignments.
Table 3-5. LPTMR interrupt vector assignment
Address Vector IRQ1NVIC
non-IPR
register
number
2
NVIC
IPR
register
number
3
Source module Source description
0x0000_0128 74 58 1 14 Low Power Timer —
1. Indicates the NVIC's interrupt source number.
2. Indicates the NVIC's ISER, ICER, ISPR, ICPR, and IABR register number used for this IRQ. The equation to calculate this
value is: IRQ div 32
3. Indicates the NVIC's IPR register number used for this IRQ. The equation to calculate this value is: IRQ div 4
• The NVIC registers you would use to configure the interrupt are:
• NVICISER1
• NVICICER1
• NVICISPR1
• NVICICPR1
• NVICIABR1
• NVICIPR14
• To determine the particular IRQ's bitfield location within these particular registers:
• NVICISER1, NVICICER1, NVICISPR1, NVICICPR1, NVICIABR1 bit
location = IRQ mod 32 = 26
• NVICIPR14 bitfield starting location = 8 * (IRQ mod 4) + 4 = 20
Since the NVICIPR bitfields are 4-bit wide (16 priority levels), the NVICIPR14
bitfield range is 20-23
Therefore, the following bitfield locations are used to configure the LPTMR interrupts:
• NVICISER1[26]
• NVICICER1[26]
• NVICISPR1[26]
• NVICICPR1[26]
• NVICIABR1[26]
• NVICIPR14[23:20]
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3.2.3 Asynchronous Wake-up Interrupt Controller (AWIC)
Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. Full
documentation for this module is provided by ARM and can be found at arm.com.
Asynchronous
Wake-up Interrupt
Controller (AWIC)
Nested vectored
interrupt controller
(NVIC)
Wake-up
requests
Module
Module
Clock logic
Figure 3-3. Asynchronous Wake-up Interrupt Controller configuration
Table 3-6. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Nested Vectored
Interrupt Controller
(NVIC)
NVIC
Wake-up requests AWIC wake-up sources
3.2.3.1 Wake-up sources
The device uses the following internal and external inputs to the AWIC module.
Table 3-7. AWIC Partial Stop, Stop and VLPS Wake-up Sources
Wake-up source Description
Available system resets RESET pin and WDOG when LPO is its clock source, and JTAG
Low-voltage detect Power Mode Controller
Low-voltage warning Power Mode Controller
Pin interrupts Port Control Module - Any enabled pin interrupt is capable of waking the system
ADCx The ADC is functional when using internal clock source
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-7. AWIC Partial Stop, Stop and VLPS Wake-up Sources (continued)
Wake-up source Description
CMPx Since no system clocks are available, functionality is limited, trigger mode provides wakeup
functionality with periodic sampling
I2C Address match wakeup
UART Active edge on RXD
LPUART Functional when using clock source which is active in Stop and VLPS modes
USB FS/LS Controller Wakeup
LPTMR Functional when using clock source which is active in Stop and VLPS modes
RTC Functional in Stop/VLPS modes
I2S (SAI) Functional when using an external bit clock or external master clock
NMI Non-maskable interrupt
3.2.4 FPU Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
FPU
Transfers
ARM Cortex M4
Core
PPB
Figure 3-4. FPU configuration
Table 3-8. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description FPU ARM Cortex-M4 Technical Reference Manual
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power Management Power Management
Transfers
Private Peripheral Bus
(PPB)
ARM Cortex M4 core ARM Cortex-M4 core
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3.2.5 JTAG Controller Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
JTAG controller cJTAG
Figure 3-5. JTAGC Controller configuration
Table 3-9. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description JTAGC JTAGC
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.3 System modules
3.3.1 SIM Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
System integration
module (SIM)
Figure 3-6. SIM configuration
Table 3-10. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description SIM
System memory map System memory map
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-10. Reference links to related information (continued)
Topic Related module Reference
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
3.3.2 System Mode Controller (SMC) Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Power
Management
Controller
(PMC)
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
System Mode
Controller (SMC)
Resets
Figure 3-7. System Mode Controller configuration
Table 3-11. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description System Mode
Controller (SMC)
SMC
System memory map System memory map
Power management Power management
Power management
controller (PMC)
PMC
Low-Leakage Wakeup
Unit (LLWU)
LLWU
Reset Control Module
(RCM)
Reset
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3.3.3 PMC Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Table 3-12. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description PMC
System memory map System memory map
Power management Power management
Full description
Low-Leakage Wakeup
Unit (LLWU)
LLWU
3.3.4 Low-Leakage Wake-up Unit (LLWU) Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Low-Leakage
Wake-up
Unit (LLWU)
Power
Management
Controller
(PMC)
Peripheral
bridge 0
Register
access
Wake-up
requests
Module
Module
Figure 3-8. Low-Leakage Wake-up Unit configuration
Table 3-13. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description LLWU
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management chapter
Power Management
Controller (PMC)
Power Management Controller (PMC)
Mode Controller
Wake-up requests LLWU wake-up sources
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3.3.4.1 Wake-up Sources
The device uses the following internal peripheral and external pin inputs as wakeup
sources to the LLWU module. LLWU_Px are external pin inputs, and LLWU_M0IF-
M7IF are connections to the internal peripheral interrupt flags.
NOTE
In addition to the LLWU wakeup sources, the device also
wakes from low power modes when NMI or RESET pins are
enabled and the respective pin is asserted.
Table 3-14. Wakeup sources for LLWU inputs
Input Wakeup source
LLWU_P0 PTE1/LLWU_P0 pin
LLWU_P1 PTE2/LLWU_P1 pin
LLWU_P2 PTE4/LLWU_P2 pin
LLWU_P3 PTA4/LLWU_P3 pin1
LLWU_P4 PTA13/LLWU_P4 pin
LLWU_P5 PTB0/LLWU_P5 pin
LLWU_P6 PTC1/LLWU_P6 pin
LLWU_P7 PTC3/LLWU_P7 pin
LLWU_P8 PTC4/LLWU_P8 pin
LLWU_P9 PTC5/LLWU_P9 pin
LLWU_P10 PTC6/LLWU_P10 pin
LLWU_P11 PTC11/LLWU_P11 pin
LLWU_P12 PTD0/LLWU_P12 pin
LLWU_P13 PTD2/LLWU_P13 pin
LLWU_P14 PTD4/LLWU_P14 pin
LLWU_P15 PTD6/LLWU_P15 pin
LLWU_M0IF LPTMR2
LLWU_M1IF CMP02
LLWU_M2IF CMP12
LLWU_M3IF Reserved
LLWU_M4IF Reserved
LLWU_M5IF RTC Alarm2
LLWU_M6IF Reserved
LLWU_M7IF RTC Seconds2
1. The EZP_CS signal is checked only on Chip Reset not VLLS, so a VLLS wakeup via a non-reset source does not cause
EzPort mode entry. If NMI was enabled on entry to LLS/VLLS, asserting the NMI pin generates an NMI interrupt on exit
from the low power mode. NMI can also be disabled via the FOPT[NMI_DIS] bit.
2. Requires the peripheral and the peripheral interrupt to be enabled. The LLWU's WUME bit enables the internal module flag
as a wakeup input. After wakeup, the flags are cleared based on the peripheral clearing mechanism.
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3.3.5 MCM Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Miscellaneous
Control Module
(MCM)
Transfers
ARM Cortex-M4
core
PPB
Figure 3-9. MCM configuration
Table 3-15. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Miscellaneous control
module (MCM)
MCM
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Transfers
Private Peripheral Bus
(PPB)
ARM Cortex-M4 core ARM Cortex-M4 core
3.3.6 Crossbar-Light Switch Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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Figure 3-10. Crossbar-Light switch integration
Table 3-16. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Crossbar switch Crossbar Switch
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Crossbar switch master ARM Cortex-M4 core ARM Cortex-M4 core
Crossbar switch master DMA controller DMA controller
Crossbar switch master EzPort EzPort
Crossbar switch master USB FS/LS USB FS/LS
Crossbar switch slave Flash Flash
Crossbar switch slave Peripheral bridges Peripheral bridge
Crossbar switch slave GPIO controller GPIO controller
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3.3.6.1 Crossbar-Light Switch Master Assignments
The masters connected to the crossbar switch are assigned as follows:
Master module Master port number
ARM core code bus 0
ARM core system bus 1
DMA /EzPort 2
USB OTG 4
NOTE
The DMA and EzPort share a master port. Since these modules
never operate at the same time, no configuration or arbitration
explanations are necessary.
3.3.6.2 Crossbar-Light Switch Slave Assignments
The slaves connected to the crossbar switch are assigned as follows:
Slave module Slave port number
Flash memory controller 0
SRAM controllers 1,2
Peripheral bridge 0/GPIO13
1. See System memory map for access restrictions.
3.3.7 Peripheral Bridge Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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Peripherals
Transfers
AIPS-Lite
peripheral bridge
Transfers
Crossbar
switch
Figure 3-11. Peripheral bridge configuration
Table 3-17. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Peripheral bridge
(AIPS-Lite)
Peripheral bridge (AIPS-Lite)
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Crossbar switch Crossbar switch Crossbar switch
3.3.7.1 Number of peripheral bridges
This device contains one peripheral bridge.
3.3.7.2 Memory maps
The peripheral bridges are used to access the registers of most of the modules on this
device. See AIPS0 Memory Map for the memory slot assignment for each module.
3.3.8 DMA request multiplexer configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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DMA Request
Multiplexer
DMA
controller
Requests Module
Module
Module
Peripheral
bridge 0
Register
access
Channel
request
Figure 3-12. DMA request multiplexer configuration
Table 3-18. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description DMA request
multiplexer
DMA Mux
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Channel request DMA controller DMA Controller
Requests DMA request sources
3.3.8.1 DMA MUX request sources
This device includes a DMA request mux that allows up to 63 DMA request signals to be
mapped to any of the 4 DMA channels. Because of the mux there is not a hard correlation
between any of the DMA request sources and a specific DMA channel.
Some of the modules support Asynchronous DMA operation as indicated by the last
column in the following DMA source assignment table.
Table 3-19. DMA request sources - MUX 0
Source
number
Source module Source description Async DMA
capable
0 — Channel disabled1
1 Reserved Not used
2 UART0 Receive
3 UART0 Transmit
4 UART1 Receive
5 UART1 Transmit
6 UART2 Receive
7 UART2 Transmit
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-19. DMA request sources - MUX 0 (continued)
Source
number
Source module Source description Async DMA
capable
8 Reserved —
9 Reserved —
10 Reserved —
11 Reserved —
12 I2S0 Receive Yes
13 I2S0 Transmit Yes
14 SPI0 Receive
15 SPI0 Transmit
16 SPI1 Transmit or Receive
17 Reserved —
18 I2C0 —
19 I2C1 —
20 FTM0 Channel 0
21 FTM0 Channel 1
22 FTM0 Channel 2
23 FTM0 Channel 3
24 FTM0 Channel 4
25 FTM0 Channel 5
26 FTM0 Channel 6
27 FTM0 Channel 7
28 FTM1 Channel 0
29 FTM1 Channel 1
30 FTM2 Channel 0
31 FTM2 Channel 1
32 Reserved —
33 Reserved —
34 Reserved —
35 Reserved —
36 Reserved —
37 Reserved —
38 Reserved —
39 Reserved —
40 ADC0 — Yes
41 ADC1 — Yes
42 CMP0 — Yes
43 CMP1 — Yes
44 Reserved —
45 DAC0 —
46 Reserved —
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-19. DMA request sources - MUX 0 (continued)
Source
number
Source module Source description Async DMA
capable
47 Reserved —
48 PDB —
49 Port control module Port A Yes
50 Port control module Port B Yes
51 Port control module Port C Yes
52 Port control module Port D Yes
53 Port control module Port E Yes
54 Reserved —
55 Reserved —
56 Reserved —
57 Reserved —
58 LPUART0 Receive Yes
59 LPUART0 Transmit Yes
60 DMA MUX Always enabled
61 DMA MUX Always enabled
62 DMA MUX Always enabled
63 DMA MUX Always enabled
1. Configuring a DMA channel to select source 0 or any of the reserved sources disables that DMA channel.
3.3.8.2 DMA transfers via PIT trigger
The PIT module can trigger a DMA transfer on the first four DMA channels. The
assignments are detailed at PIT/DMA Periodic Trigger Assignments .
3.3.9 DMA Controller Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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DMA
Controller
Crossbar
switch
Requests
Peripheral
bridge 0
Register
access
Transfers DMA
Multiplexer
Figure 3-13. DMA Controller configuration
Table 3-20. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description DMA Controller DMA Controller
System memory map System memory map
Register access Peripheral bridge
(AIPS-Lite 0)
AIPS-Lite 0
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Transfers Crossbar switch Crossbar switch
3.3.10 External Watchdog Monitor (EWM) Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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External Watchdog
Monitor (EWM)
Peripheral
bridge 0
Register
access
Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Figure 3-14. External Watchdog Monitor configuration
Table 3-21. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description External Watchdog
Monitor (EWM)
EWM
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port Control Module Signal multiplexing
3.3.10.1 EWM clocks
This table shows the EWM clocks and the corresponding chip clocks.
Table 3-22. EWM clock connections
Module clock Chip clock
Low Power Clock 1 kHz LPO Clock
3.3.10.2 EWM low-power modes
This table shows the EWM low-power modes and the corresponding chip low-power
modes.
Table 3-23. EWM low-power modes
Module mode Chip mode
Wait Wait, VLPW
Stop Stop, VLPS, LLS
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3.3.10.3 EWM_OUT pin state in low power modes
When the CPU enters a Run mode from Wait or Stop recovery, the pin resumes its
previous state before entering Wait or Stop mode. When the CPU enters Run mode from
Power Down, the pin returns to its reset state.
3.3.11 Watchdog Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
WDOG
Mode
Controller
Peripheral
bridge 0
Register
access
Figure 3-15. Watchdog configuration
Table 3-24. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Watchdog Watchdog
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Mode Controller (MC)
3.3.11.1 WDOG clocks
This table shows the WDOG module clocks and the corresponding chip clocks.
Table 3-25. WDOG clock connections
Module clock Chip clock
LPO Oscillator 1 kHz LPO Clock
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-25. WDOG clock connections (continued)
Module clock Chip clock
Alt Clock Bus Clock
Fast Test Clock Bus Clock
System Bus Clock Bus Clock
3.3.11.2 WDOG low-power modes
This table shows the WDOG low-power modes and the corresponding chip low-power
modes.
Table 3-26. WDOG low-power modes
Module mode Chip mode
Wait Wait, VLPW
Stop Stop, VLPS
Power Down LLS, VLLSx
3.4 Clock modules
3.4.1 MCG Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Multipurpose Clock
Generator (MCG)
RTC
oscillator
System
oscillator System integration
module (SIM)
Figure 3-16. MCG configuration
Table 3-27. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description MCG MCG
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.4.1.1 MCG oscillator clock input options
The MCG has multiple oscillator input clock sources. Within the context of the MCG
these are all referred to as the external reference clock and selection is determined by
MCG_C7[OSCSEL] bitfield. The following table shows the chip-specific clock
assignments for this bitfield.
Table 3-28. MCG Oscillator Reference Options
MCG_C7[OSCSEL] MCG defined
selection
Chip clock
00 OSCCLK0 - System
Oscillator
OSCCLK - Undivided system oscillator output. Derived from external
crystal circuit or directly from EXTAL.
01 OSC2/RTC Oscillator RTC 32kHz oscillator output. RTC clock is derived from external crystal
circuit associated with RTC.
10 OSCCLK1 - Oscillator IRC48MCLK. Derived from internal 48 MHz oscillator.
11 Reserved —
See Clock Distribution for more details on these clocks.
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3.4.2 OSC Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
System
oscillator
MCG
Module signals
Figure 3-17. OSC configuration
Table 3-29. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description OSC OSC
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
Full description MCG MCG
3.4.2.1 OSC modes of operation with MCG
The MCG's C2 register bits configure the oscillator frequency range. See the OSC and
MCG chapters for more details.
3.4.3 RTC OSC configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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Signal
multiplexing
32-kHz
RTC oscillator
MCG
Module signals
Figure 3-18. RTC OSC configuration
Table 3-30. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description RTC OSC RTC OSC
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
Full description MCG MCG
3.5 Memories and memory interfaces
3.5.1 Flash Memory Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Flash memory
Transfers
Flash memory
controller
Peripheral
bridge 0
Figure 3-19. Flash memory configuration
Table 3-31. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Flash memory
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Transfers Flash memory
controller
Flash memory controller
Register access Peripheral bridge Peripheral bridge
Memories and memory interfaces
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3.5.1.1 Flash memory types
This device contains the following types of flash memory:
• Program flash memory — non-volatile flash memory that can execute program code
3.5.1.2 Flash Memory Sizes
The devices covered in this document contain:
• 1 block of program flash consisting of 2 KB sectors
The amounts of flash memory for the devices covered in this document are:
Device Program flash (KB) Block 0 address range
MK22FN128VDC10 128 0x0000_0000–0x0001_FFFF
MK22FN128VLL10 128 0x0000_0000–0x0001_FFFF
MK22FN128VMP10 128 0x0000_0000–0x0001_FFFF
MK22FN128VLH10 128 0x0000_0000–0x0001_FFFF
MK22FN128CAK10R 128 0x0000_0000–0x0001_FFFF
3.5.1.3 Flash Memory Map
The flash memory and the flash registers are located at different base addresses as shown
in the following figure. The base address for each is specified in System memory map.
Program flash
Flash configuration field
Program flash base address
Flash memory base address
Registers
Figure 3-20. Flash memory map
The on-chip Flash is implemented in a portion of the allocated Flash range to form a
contiguous block in the memory map beginning at address 0x0000_0000. See Flash
Memory Sizes for details of supported ranges.
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Accesses to the flash memory ranges outside the amount of Flash on the device causes
the bus cycle to be terminated with an error followed by the appropriate response in the
requesting bus master. Read collision events in which flash memory is accessed while a
flash memory resource is being manipulated by a flash command also generates a bus
error response.
3.5.1.4 Flash Security
How flash security is implemented on this device is described in Chip Security.
3.5.1.5 Flash Program Restrictions
The flash memory on this device should not be programmed or erased while operating in
High Speed Run or VLPR power modes.
3.5.1.6 Flash Modes
The flash memory operates in NVM normal and NVM special modes. The flash memory
enters NVM special mode when the EzPort is enabled (EZP_CS asserted during reset).
Otherwise, flash memory operates in NVM normal mode.
3.5.1.7 Erase All Flash Contents
The flash of the MCU is protected from erasing all of the flash contents by the
FTFA_FSEC[MEEN] bits. If the bits are set to 'b10 mass erase is disabled. An Erase All
Flash Blocks operation can be launched by software through a series of peripheral bus
writes to flash registers. In addition the entire flash memory may be erased external to the
flash memory from the SWJ-DP debug port by setting DAP_CONTROL[0].
DAP_STATUS[0] is set to indicate the mass erase command has been accepted.
DAP_STATUS[0] is cleared when the mass erase completes.
The EzPort can also initiate an erase of flash contents by issuing a bulk erase (BE)
command. See the EzPort chapter for more details.
3.5.1.8 FTF_FOPT Register
The flash memory's FTF_FOPT register allows the user to customize the operation of the
MCU at boot time. See FOPT boot options for details of its definition.
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3.5.2 Flash Memory Controller Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Flash memory
controller
Transfers
Peripheral
bridge 0
Transfers Flash
memory
Crossbar
switch
Figure 3-21. Flash memory controller configuration
Table 3-32. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Flash memory
controller
Flash memory controller
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Transfers Flash memory Flash memory
Transfers Crossbar switch Crossbar Switch
Register access Peripheral bridge Peripheral bridge
3.5.2.1 Number of masters
The Flash Memory Controller supports up to eight crossbar switch masters. However,
this device has a different number of crossbar switch masters. See Crossbar-Light Switch
Configuration for details on the master port assignments.
3.5.3 SRAM Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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SRAM upper
Transfers
Cortex-M4
core
switch
SRAM lower
crossbar SRAM
controller
SRAM
controller
Figure 3-22. SRAM configuration
Table 3-33. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description SRAM SRAM
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Transfers SRAM controller SRAM controller
ARM Cortex-M4 core ARM Cortex-M4 core
3.5.3.1 SRAM sizes
This device contains SRAM accessed by bus masters through the cross-bar switch. The
on-chip SRAM is split into SRAM_L and SRAM_U regions where the SRAM_L and
SRAM_U ranges form a contiguous block in the memory map anchored at address
0x2000_0000. As such:
• SRAM_L is anchored to 0x1FFF_FFFF and occupies the space before this ending
address.
• SRAM_U is anchored to 0x2000_0000 and occupies the space after this beginning
address.
NOTE
Misaligned accesses across the 0x2000_0000 boundary are not
supported in the ARM Cortex-M4 architecture.
The amount of SRAM for the devices covered in this document is shown in the following
table.
Device SRAM_L size
(KB)
SRAM_U size
(KB)
Total SRAM (KB) Address Range
MK22FN128VDC10 8 16 24 0x1FFF_E000-0x2000_3FFF
MK22FN128VLL10 8 16 24 0x1FFF_E000-0x2000_3FFF
MK22FN128VLH10 8 16 24 0x1FFF_E000-0x2000_3FFF
Table continues on the next page...
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Device SRAM_L size
(KB)
SRAM_U size
(KB)
Total SRAM (KB) Address Range
MK22FN128VMP10 8 16 24 0x1FFF_E000-0x2000_3FFF
MK22FN128CAK10R 8 16 24 0x1FFF_E000-0x2000_3FFF
3.5.3.2 SRAM retention in low power modes
The SRAM is retained down to LLS3 and VLLS3 mode.
In LLS2 and VLLS2 the 8 KB region of SRAM_U from 0x2000_0000 is powered.
In VLLS1 and VLLS0 no SRAM is retained; however, the 32-byte register file is
available.
3.5.4 System Register File Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip.
Register file
Peripheral
bridge 0
Register
access
Figure 3-23. System Register file configuration
Table 3-34. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Register file Register file
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
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3.5.4.1 System Register file
This device includes a 32-byte register file that is powered in all power modes. The
System Register file is made up of eight 4-byte registers RFSYS_REGn, where n ranges
from 0 to 7.
Also, it retains contents during low-voltage detect (LVD) events and is only reset during
a power-on reset.
3.5.5 VBAT Register File Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip.
VBAT register file
Peripheral
bridge
Register
access
Figure 3-24. VBAT Register file configuration
Table 3-35. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description VBAT register file VBAT register file
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
3.5.5.1 VBAT register file
This device includes a 32-byte register file that is powered in all power modes and is
powered by VBAT. The VBAT Register file is made up of eight 4-byte registers
RFVBAT_REGn, where n ranges from 0 to 7.
It is only reset during VBAT power-on reset.
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3.5.6 EzPort Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
EzPort
Transfers
Crossbar
switch
Figure 3-25. EzPort configuration
Table 3-36. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description EzPort EzPort
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Transfers Crossbar switch Crossbar switch
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.5.6.1 JTAG instruction
The system JTAG controller implements an EZPORT instruction. When executing this
instruction, the JTAG controller resets the core logic and asserts the EzPort chip select
signal to force the processor into EzPort mode.
3.5.6.2 Flash Option Register (FOPT)
The FOPT[EZPORT_DIS] bit can be used to prevent entry into EzPort mode during
reset. If the FOPT[EZPORT_DIS] bit is cleared, then the state of the chip select signal
(EZP_CS) is ignored and the MCU always boots in normal mode.
This option is useful for systems that use the EZP_CS/NMI signal configured for its NMI
function. Disabling EzPort mode prevents possible unwanted entry into EzPort mode if
the external circuit that drives the NMI signal asserts it during reset.
The FOPT register is loaded from the flash option byte. If the flash option byte is
modified the new value takes effect for any subsequent resets, until the value is changed
again.
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3.6 Security
3.6.1 CRC Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
CRC
Figure 3-26. CRC configuration
Table 3-37. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description CRC CRC
System memory map System memory map
Power management Power management
3.7 Analog
3.7.1 16-bit SAR ADC Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
16-bit SAR ADC
Peripheral bus
controller 0
Other peripherals Transfers
Figure 3-27. 16-bit SAR ADC configuration
Table 3-38. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description 16-bit SAR ADC 16-bit SAR ADC
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.7.1.1 ADC instantiation information
This device contains two ADCs.
3.7.1.1.1 Number of ADC channels
The number of ADC channels present on the device is determined by the pinout of the
specific device package. For details regarding the number of ADC channel available on a
particular package, refer to the signal multiplexing chapter of this MCU.
3.7.1.2 DMA Support on ADC
Applications may require continuous sampling of the ADC (4K samples/sec) that may
have considerable load on the CPU. Though using PDB to trigger ADC may reduce some
CPU load, the ADC supports DMA request functionality for higher performance when
the ADC is sampled at a very high rate or cases where PDB is bypassed. The ADC can
trigger the DMA (via DMA req) on conversion completion.
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3.7.1.3 ADCx Connections/Channel Assignment
NOTE
As indicated by the following sections, each ADCx_DPx input
and certain ADCx_DMx inputs may operate as single-ended
ADC channels in single-ended mode.
3.7.1.3.1 ADC0 channel assignment
Table 3-39. ADC0 Assignments
ADC Channel
(SC1n[ADCH])
Channel Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 1) Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 0)
00000 DAD0 ADC0_DP0 and ADC0_DM0 ADC0_DP0
00001 DAD1 ADC0_DP1 and ADC0_DM1 ADC0_DP1
00010 DAD2 ADC0_DP2 and ADC0_DM2 ADC0_DP2
00011 DAD3 ADC0_DP3 and ADC0_DM3 ADC0_DP3
001001AD4a Reserved Reserved
001011AD5a Reserved Reserved
001101AD6a Reserved Reserved
001111AD7a Reserved Reserved
001001AD4b Reserved ADC0_SE4b
001011AD5b Reserved ADC0_SE5b
001101AD6b Reserved ADC0_SE6b
001111AD7b Reserved ADC0_SE7b
01000 AD8 Reserved ADC0_SE8
01001 AD9 Reserved ADC0_SE9
01010 AD10 Reserved Reserved
01011 AD11 Reserved Reserved
01100 AD12 Reserved ADC0_SE12
01101 AD13 Reserved ADC0_SE13
01110 AD14 Reserved ADC0_SE14
01111 AD15 Reserved ADC0_SE15
10000 AD16 Reserved Reserved
10001 AD17 Reserved ADC0_SE17
10010 AD18 Reserved ADC0_SE18
10011 AD19 Reserved ADC0_DM0
10100 AD20 Reserved ADC0_DM1
10101 AD21 Reserved Reserved
10110 AD22 Reserved Reserved
10111 AD23 Reserved 12-bit DAC0 Output/ADC0_SE23
11000 AD24 Reserved Reserved
11001 AD25 Reserved Reserved
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-39. ADC0 Assignments (continued)
ADC Channel
(SC1n[ADCH])
Channel Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 1) Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 0)
11010 AD26 Temperature Sensor (Diff) Temperature Sensor (S.E)
11011 AD27 Bandgap (Diff) Bandgap (S.E)2
11100 AD28 Reserved Reserved
11101 AD29 -VREFH (Diff) VREFH (S.E)
11110 AD30 Reserved VREFL
11111 AD31 Module Disabled Module Disabled
1. ADCx_CFG2[MUXSEL] bit selects between ADCx_SEn channels a and b. Refer to MUXSEL description in ADC chapter
for details.
2. This is the PMC bandgap 1V reference voltage and not the VREF module 1.2 V reference voltage. Prior to reading from
this ADC channel, ensure that you enable the bandgap buffer by setting the PMC_REGSC[BGBE] bit. Refer to the device
data sheet for the bandgap voltage (VBG) specification.
3.7.1.3.2 ADC1 channel assignment
Table 3-40. ADC1 Assignments
ADC Channel
(SC1n[ADCH])
Channel Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 1) Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 0)
00000 DAD0 ADC1_DP0 and ADC1_DM0 ADC1_DP0
00001 DAD1 ADC1_DP1 and ADC1_DM1 ADC1_DP1
00010 DAD2 Reserved Reserved
00011 DAD3 ADC1_DP3 and ADC1_DM3 ADC1_DP3
001001AD4a Reserved ADC1_SE4a
001011AD5a Reserved ADC1_SE5a
001101AD6a Reserved ADC1_SE6a
001111AD7a Reserved ADC1_SE7a
001001AD4b Reserved ADC1_SE4b
001011AD5b Reserved ADC1_SE5b
001101AD6b Reserved ADC1_SE6b
001111AD7b Reserved ADC1_SE7b
01000 AD8 Reserved ADC1_SE8
01001 AD9 Reserved ADC1_SE9
01010 AD10 Reserved Reserved
01011 AD11 Reserved Reserved
01100 AD12 Reserved Reserved
01101 AD13 Reserved Reserved
01110 AD14 Reserved ADC1_SE14
01111 AD15 Reserved ADC1_SE15
10000 AD16 Reserved Reserved
10001 AD17 Reserved ADC1_SE17
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-40. ADC1 Assignments (continued)
ADC Channel
(SC1n[ADCH])
Channel Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 1) Input signal (SC1n[DIFF]= 0)
10010 AD18 Reserved VREF Output/ADC1_SE18
10011 AD19 Reserved ADC1_DM0
10100 AD20 Reserved ADC1_DM1
10101 AD21 Reserved Reserved
10110 AD22 Reserved VBAT
10111 AD23 Reserved ADC1_SE23
11000 AD24 Reserved Reserved
11001 AD25 Reserved Reserved
11010 AD26 Temperature Sensor (Diff) Temperature Sensor (S.E)
11011 AD27 Bandgap (Diff)2Bandgap (S.E)2
11100 AD28 Reserved Reserved
11101 AD29 -VREFH (Diff) VREFH (S.E)
11110 AD30 Reserved VREFL
11111 AD31 Module Disabled Module Disabled
1. ADCx_CFG2[MUXSEL] bit selects between ADCx_SEn channels a and b. Refer to MUXSEL description in ADC chapter
for details.
2. This is the PMC bandgap 1V reference voltage and not the VREF module 1.2 V reference voltage. Prior to reading from
this ADC channel, ensure that you enable the bandgap buffer by setting the PMC_REGSC[BGBE] bit. Refer to the device
data sheet for the bandgap voltage (VBG) specification.
3.7.1.4 ADC Channels MUX Selection
The following figure shows the assignment of ADCx_SEn channels a and b through a
MUX selection to ADC. To select between alternate set of channels, refer to
ADCx_CFG2[MUXSEL] bit settings for more details.
AD5 [00101]
ADCx_SE4a
ADCx_SE5a
ADCx_SE6a
ADCx_SE7a
ADCx_SE4b
ADCx_SE5b
ADCx_SE6b
ADCx_SE7b
AD4 [00100]
AD6 [00110]
AD7 [00111]
ADC
Figure 3-28. ADCx_SEn channels a and b selection
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3.7.1.5 ADC Hardware Interleaved Channels
The AD8 and AD9 channels on ADCx are interleaved in hardware using the following
configuration.
ADC0
AD8
AD9
ADC1
AD8
AD9
ADC0_SE8
/ADC1_SE8
ADC0_SE9
/ADC1_SE9
Figure 3-29. ADC hardware interleaved channels integration
There are other pins on this device that have a similar interleave configuration, including
the plus side of differential pair pins available (for example ADC0_DP0 and
ADC1_DP3). Refer to the Signal Multiplexing and Pin Assignments table for this device.
3.7.1.6 ADC Reference Options
The ADC supports the following references:
• VREFH/VREFL - connected as the primary reference option
• 1.2 V VREF_OUT - connected as the VALT reference option
ADCx_SC2[REFSEL] bit selects the voltage reference sources for ADC. Refer to
REFSEL description in ADC chapter for more details.
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3.7.1.7 VBAT connection to ADC input channel
The VBAT supply input can be converted as a single ended input to ADC1 Channel 22.
When VBAT is greater than the selected voltage reference, the conversion result will
show a saturated result (~0xFFFF in 16-bit operation). When measuring the VBAT
voltage level the ADC should be configured for a long sample time
(ADC1_CFG1[ADLSMP]=1, ADC1_CFG2[ADLSTS]=00).
3.7.1.8 ADC triggers
The ADC supports both software and hardware triggers. The primary hardware
mechanism for triggering the ADC is the PDB. The PDB itself can be triggered by other
peripherals. For example: RTC (Alarm, Seconds) signal is connected to the PDB. The
PDB input trigger can receive the RTC (alarm/seconds) trigger forcing ADC conversions
in run mode (where PDB is enabled). On the other hand, the ADC can conduct
conversions in low power modes, not triggered by PDB. This allows the ADC to do
conversions in low power mode and store the output in the result register. The ADC
generates interrupt when the data is ready in the result register that wakes the system
from low power mode. The PDB can also be bypassed by using the ADCxTRGSEL bits
in the SIM_SOPT7 register.
Table 3-41. ADC Alternate trigger options
SIM_SOPT7[ADCxTRGSEL] Selected source
0000 PDB external trigger pin input (PDB0_EXTRG)
0001 CMP0 output
0010 CMP1 output
0011 Reserved
0100 PIT trigger 0
0101 PIT trigger 1
0110 PIT trigger 2
0111 PIT trigger 3
1000 FTM0 trigger
1001 FTM1 trigger
1010 FTM2 trigger
1011 Reserved
1100 RTC alarm
1101 RTC seconds
1110 LPTMR trigger
1111 Reserved
For operation of triggers in different modes, refer to Power Management chapter.
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3.7.1.9 ADC conversion clock options
The ADC has multiple input clock sources. Selection is determined by
ADCx_CFG1[ADICLK] bitfield. The following table shows the chip-specific clock
assignments for this bitfield.
NOTE
The ALTCLK option is only usable when OSCERCLK is in the
MHz range. A system with OSCERCLK in the kHz range has
the optional clock source below minimum ADC clock operating
frequency.
Table 3-42. ADC Conversion Clock Options
ADCx_CFG1[ADICLK] ADC defined
selection
Chip clock Note
00 Bus Clock Bus Clock
01 ALTCLK2 IRC48MCLK Note 1
10 ALTCLK OSCERCLK Note 1
11 Asynchronous clock
(ADACK)
N/A - sourced from
within ADC block
Note1
1. For ADC operation in Compute only, PSTOP1, Stop and VLPS, ADACK and the alternate clock sources are allowed clock
sources. Note however that ALTCLK2 is force disabled and therefore not available in VLPS.
3.7.1.10 ADC low-power modes
This table shows the ADC low-power modes and the corresponding chip low-power
modes.
Table 3-43. ADC low-power modes
Module mode Chip mode
Wait Wait, VLPW
Normal Stop Stop, VLPS
Low Power Stop LLS, VLLS3, VLLS2, VLLS1, VLLS0
3.7.2 CMP Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
CMP
Peripheral
bridge 0
Other peripherals
Figure 3-30. CMP configuration
Table 3-44. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Comparator (CMP) Comparator
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.7.2.1 CMP input connections
The following table shows the fixed internal connections to the CMP.
Table 3-45. CMP input connections
CMP Inputs CMP0 CMP1
IN0 CMP0_IN0 CMP1_IN0
IN1 CMP0_IN1 CMP1_IN1
IN2 CMP0_IN2 —
IN3 CMP0_IN3 12-bit DAC0_OUT/CMP1_IN3
IN4 CMP0_IN4 —
IN5 VREF Output/CMP0_IN5 VREF Output/CMP1_IN5
IN6 Bandgap Bandgap
IN7 6b DAC0 Reference 6b DAC1 Reference
3.7.2.2 CMP external references
The 6-bit DAC sub-block supports selection of two references. For this device, the
references are connected as follows:
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• VREF_OUT - Vin1 input
• VDD - Vin2 input
3.7.2.3 External window/sample input
Individual PDB pulse-out signals control each CMP Sample/Window timing.
3.7.2.4 CMP trigger mode
The CMP and 6-bit DAC sub-block supports trigger mode operation when the
CMPx_CR1[TRIGM] is set. When trigger mode is enabled, the trigger event will initiate
a compare sequence that must first enable the CMP and DAC prior to performing a CMP
operation and capturing the output. In this device, control for this two staged sequencing
is provided from the LPTMR. The LPTMR provides a single trigger output to all
implemented comparators. Through configuration of the CMPx_CR1[TRIGM] bits the
trigger can be used to trigger a single comparator or multiple comparators concurrently.
The LPTMR triggering output is always enabled when the LPTMR is enabled. The first
signal is supplied to enable the CMP and DAC and is asserted at the same time as the
TCF flag is set. The delay to the second signal that triggers the CMP to capture the result
of the compare operation is dependent on the LPTMR configuration. In Time Counter
mode with prescaler enabled, the delay is 1/2 Prescaler output period. In Time Counter
mode with prescaler bypassed, the delay is 1/2 Prescaler clock period.
The delay between the first signal from LPTMR and the second signal from LPTMR
must be greater than the Analog comparator initialization delay as defined in the device
datasheet.
3.7.3 12-bit DAC Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
12-bit DAC
Peripheral bus
controller 0
Other peripherals Transfers
Figure 3-31. 12-bit DAC configuration
Table 3-46. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description 12-bit DAC 12-bit DAC
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.7.3.1 12-bit DAC Overview
This device contains one 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with programmable
reference generator output. The DAC includes a FIFO for DMA support.
3.7.3.2 12-bit DAC Output
The output of the DAC can be placed on an external pin or set as one of the inputs to the
analog comparator or ADC.
3.7.3.3 12-bit DAC Reference
For this device VREF_OUT and VDDA are selectable as the DAC reference.
VREF_OUT is connected to the DACREF_1 input and VDDA is connected to the
DACREF_2 input. Use DACx_C0[DACRFS] control bit to select between these two
options.
Be aware that if the DAC and ADC use the VREF_OUT reference simultaneously, some
degradation of ADC accuracy is to be expected due to DAC switching.
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3.7.4 VREF Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
VREF
Peripheral bus
controller 0
Other
peripherals
Transfers
Figure 3-32. VREF configuration
Table 3-47. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description VREF VREF
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.7.4.1 VREF Overview
This device includes a voltage reference (VREF) to supply an accurate 1.2 V voltage
output.
The voltage reference can provide a reference voltage to external peripherals or a
reference to analog peripherals, such as the ADC, DAC, or CMP.
NOTE
PMC_REGSC[BGEN] bit must be set if the VREF regulator is
required to remain operating in VLPx modes.
NOTE
For either an internal or external reference if the VREF_OUT
functionality is being used, VREF_OUT signal must be
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connected to an output load capacitor. Refer the device data
sheet for more details.
3.8 Timers
3.8.1 PDB Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
PDB
Peripheral bus
controller 0
Other peripherals
Transfers
Figure 3-33. PDB configuration
Table 3-48. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description PDB PDB
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.8.1.1 PDB Instantiation
3.8.1.1.1 PDB Output Triggers
Table 3-49. PDB output triggers
Number of PDB channels for ADC trigger 2
Number of pre-triggers per PDB channel 2
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-49. PDB output triggers (continued)
Number of DAC triggers 1
Number of PulseOut 2
3.8.1.1.2 PDB Input Trigger Connections
Table 3-50. PDB Input Trigger Options
PDB Trigger PDB Input
0000 External Trigger
0001 CMP 0
0010 CMP 1
0011 Reserved
0100 PIT Ch 0 Output
0101 PIT Ch 1 Output
0110 PIT Ch 2 Output
0111 PIT Ch 3 Output
1000 FTM0 initialization trigger and channel triggers, as
programmed in the FTM external trigger register (EXTTRIG)
1001 FTM1 initialization trigger and channel triggers, as
programmed in the FTM external trigger register (EXTTRIG)
1010 FTM2 initialization trigger and channel triggers, as
programmed in the FTM external trigger register (EXTTRIG)
1011 Reserved
1100 RTC Alarm
1101 RTC Seconds
1110 LPTMR Output
1111 Software Trigger
3.8.1.2 PDB Module Interconnections
PDB trigger outputs Connection
Channel 0 triggers ADC0 trigger
Channel 1 triggers ADC1 trigger and synchronous input 1 of FTM0
DAC triggers DAC0 trigger
Pulse-out Pulse-out connected to each CMP module's sample/window
input to control sample operation
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3.8.1.3 Back-to-back acknowledgement connections
Back-to-back operation enables the ADC conversions complete to trigger the next PDB
channel pre-trigger and trigger output.
In this MCU, PDB back-to-back operation acknowledgment connections are
implemented as follows:
• PDB channel 0 trigger/pre-trigger 0 acknowledgement input: ADC1SC1B_COCO
• PDB channel 0 trigger/pre-trigger 1 acknowledgement input: ADC0SC1A_COCO
• PDB channel 1 trigger/pre-trigger 0 acknowledgement input: ADC0SC1B_COCO
• PDB channel 1 trigger/pre-trigger 1 acknowledgement input: ADC1SC1A_COCO
So, the back-to-back chain is connected as a ring:
Channel 0
pre-trigger 0
Channel 1
pre-trigger 0
Channel 0
pre-trigger 1
Channel 1
pre-trigger 1
Figure 3-34. PDB back-to-back chain
The application code can set the PDBx_CHnC1[BB] bits to configure the PDB pre-
triggers as a single chain or several chains.
3.8.1.4 PDB Interval Trigger Connections to DAC
In this MCU, PDB interval trigger connections to DAC are implemented as follows.
• PDB interval trigger 0 connects to DAC0 hardware trigger input.
3.8.1.5 DAC External Trigger Input Connections
In this MCU, the following DAC external trigger inputs are implemented.
• DAC external trigger input 0: ADC0SC1A_COCO
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NOTE
Application code can set the PDBx_DACINTCn[EXT] bit to
allow DAC external trigger input when the corresponding ADC
Conversion complete flag, ADCx_SC1n[COCO], is set.
3.8.1.6 Pulse-Out Connection
Individual PDB Pulse-Out signals are connected to each CMP block and used for sample
window.
3.8.1.7 Pulse-Out Enable Register Implementation
The following table shows the comparison of pulse-out enable register at the module and
chip level.
Table 3-51. PDB pulse-out enable register
Register Module implementation Chip implementation
POnEN 7:0 - POEN
31:8 - Reserved
0 - POEN[0] for CMP0
1 - POEN[1] for CMP1
31:2 - Reserved
3.8.2 FlexTimer Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Chapter 3 Chip Configuration
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Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
FlexTimer
Peripheral bus
controller 0
Other peripherals Transfers
Figure 3-35. FlexTimer configuration
Table 3-52. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description FlexTimer FlexTimer
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.8.2.1 Instantiation Information
This device contains three FlexTimer modules.
The following table shows how these modules are configured.
Table 3-53. FTM Instantiations
FTM instance Number of channels Features/usage
FTM0 8 3-phase motor + 2 general purpose or
stepper motor
FTM1 2 Quadrature decoder or general purpose
FTM2 21Quadrature decoder or general purpose
1. Only channels 0 and 1 are available.
3.8.2.2 External Clock Options
By default each FTM is clocked by the internal bus clock (the FTM refers to it as system
clock). Each module contains a register setting that allows the module to be clocked from
an external clock instead. There are two external FTM_CLKINx pins that can be selected
by any FTM module via the SIM_SOPT4 register.
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3.8.2.3 Fixed frequency clock
The fixed frequency clock for each FTM is MCGFFCLK.
3.8.2.4 FTM Interrupts
The FlexTimer has multiple sources of interrupt. However, these sources are OR'd
together to generate a single interrupt request to the interrupt controller. When an FTM
interrupt occurs, read the FTM status registers (FMS, SC, and STATUS) to determine the
exact interrupt source.
3.8.2.5 FTM Fault Detection Inputs
The following fault detection input options for the FTM modules are selected via the
SIM_SOPT4 register. The external pin option is selected by default.
• FTM0 FAULT0 = FTM0_FLT0 pin or CMP0 output
• FTM0 FAULT1 = FTM0_FLT1 pin or CMP1 output
• FTM0 FAULT2 = FTM0_FLT2 pin
• FTM0 FAULT3 = FTM0_FLT3 pin
• FTM1 FAULT0 = FTM1_FLT0 pin or CMP0 output
• FTM1 FAULT1 = CMP1 output
• FTM2 FAULT0 = FTM2_FLT0 pin or CMP0 output
• FTM2 FAULT1 = CMP1 output
3.8.2.6 FTM Hardware Triggers
The FTM synchronization hardware triggers are connected in the chip as follows:
• FTM0 hardware trigger 0 = SIM_SOPT8[FTM0SYNCBIT] or CMP0 Output or
FTM1 Match (when enabled in the FTM1 External Trigger (EXTTRIG) register)
• FTM0 hardware trigger 1 = PDB channel 1 Trigger Output or FTM2 Match (when
enabled in the FTM2 External Trigger (EXTTRIG) register)
• FTM0 hardware trigger 2 = FTM0_FLT0 pin
• FTM1 hardware trigger 0 = SIM_SOPT8[FTM1SYNCBIT] or CMP0 Output
• FTM1 hardware trigger 1 = CMP1 Output
• FTM1 hardware trigger 2 = FTM1_FLT0 pin
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• FTM2 hardware trigger 0 = SIM_SOPT8[FTM2SYNCBIT] or CMP0 Output
• FTM2 hardware trigger 2 = FTM2_FLT0 pin
Having FTMxSYNCBIT fields in the same SOPTx register allows the user to
synchronise all FTM timers via their respective TRIG0 input. For the triggers with more
than one additional option, the SIM_SOPT4 register implements control fields for
selecting the option.
3.8.2.7 Input capture options for FTM module instances
The following channel 0 input capture source options are selected via SIM_SOPT4. The
external pin option is selected by default.
• FTM1 channel 0 input capture = FTM1_CH0 pin or CMP0 output or CMP1 output
or USB start of frame pulse
• FTM2 channel 0 input capture = FTM2_CH0 pin or CMP0 output or CMP1 output
• FTM2 channel 1 input capture = FTM2_CH1 pin or exclusive OR of FTM2_CH0,
FTM2_CH1, and FTM1_CH1. See FTM Hall sensor support.
NOTE
When the USB start of frame pulse option is selected as an
FTM channel input capture, disable the USB SOF token
interrupt in the USB Interrupt Enable register
(INTEN[SOFTOKEN]) to avoid USB enumeration conflicts.
3.8.2.8 FTM Hall sensor support
For 3 phase motor control sensor-ed applications the use of Hall sensors, generally 3
sensors placed 120 degrees apart around the rotor, are deployed to detect position and
speed. Each of the 3 sensors provides a pulse that applied to an input capture pin, can
then be analyzed and both speed and position can be deduced. This device has two 2-
channel FTMs. (FTM1 and FTM2) and thus provides 4 input capture pins. To simplify
the calculations required by the CPU on each hall sensor's input, if all 3 inputs are
"exclusively OR'd " into one timer channel and the free running counter is refreshed on
every edge then this can simplify the speed calculation.
Via the SIM module and SIM_SOPT4 register the FTM2CH1SRC bit provides the choice
of normal FTM2_CH1 input or the XOR of FTM2_CH0, FTM2_CH1 and FTM1_CH1
pins that will be applied to FTM2_CH1.
Note: If the user utilizes FTM1_CH1 to be an input to FTM2_CH1, FTM1_CH0 can still
be utilized for other functions.
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X OR
FTM2_CH1
FTM2_CH0
FTM1_CH1
Ch0
Ch1
FTM2
Ch0
Ch1
FTM1
SIM_SOPT4[FTM2CH1SRC]
Figure 3-36. FTM Hall Sensor Configuration
3.8.2.9 FTM modulation implementation
FTM0 support a modulation function where the output channels when configured as
PWM or Output Compare mode modulate another timer output when the channel signal
is asserted. Any of the 8 channels of FTM0 can be configured to support this modulation
function.
The SIM_SOPT8 register has eight control bits (FTM0CHySRC) that allow the user to
select normal PWM/Output Compare mode on the corresponding FTM timer channel or
modulate with FTM1_CH1. The diagram below shows the implementation for FTM0.
See SIM Block Guide for further information.
When FTM1_CH1 is used to modulate an FTM0 channel, then the user must configure
FTM1_CH1 to provide a signal that has a higher frequency than the modulated FTM0
channel output. Also it limits the use of the FTM1_CH0 function, as the FTM1_CH1 will
be programmed to provide a 50% duty PWM signal and limit the start and modulus
values for the free running counter.
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FTM0
FTM0_CH7 &
SIM_SOPT8[FTM0CH7SRC]
CH7
FTM0_CH0 &
SIM_SOPT8[FTM0CH0SRC]
CH0
FTM1_CH1
Figure 3-37. FTM Output Modulation
3.8.2.10 FTM output triggers for other modules
FTM output triggers can be selected as input triggers for the PDB and ADC modules. See
PDB Instantiation and ADC triggers.
3.8.2.11 FTM Global Time Base
This chip provides the optional FTM global time base feature (see Global time base
(GTB)).
FTM0 provides the only source for the FTM global time base. The other FTM modules
can share the time base as shown in the following figure:
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gtb_in
FTM1
GTBEEN = 1
FTM Counter
CONF Register
GTBEOUT = 0
FTM0
GTBEEN = 1
FTM Counter
CONF Register
GTBEOUT = 1
gtb_out
gtb_in
gtb_in
FTM2
GTBEEN = 1
FTM Counter
CONF Register
GTBEOUT = 0
Figure 3-38. FTM Global Time Base Configuration
3.8.2.12 FTM BDM and debug halt mode
In the FTM chapter, references to the chip being in "BDM" are the same as the chip being
in “debug halt mode".
3.8.3 PIT Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Periodic interrupt
timer
Figure 3-39. PIT configuration
Table 3-54. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description PIT PIT
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power management Power management
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3.8.3.1 PIT/DMA Periodic Trigger Assignments
The PIT generates periodic trigger events to the DMA Mux as shown in the table below.
Table 3-55. PIT channel assignments for periodic DMA triggering
DMA Channel Number PIT Channel
DMA Channel 0 PIT Channel 0
DMA Channel 1 PIT Channel 1
DMA Channel 2 PIT Channel 2
DMA Channel 3 PIT Channel 3
3.8.3.2 PIT/ADC Triggers
PIT triggers are selected as ADCx trigger sources using the
SIM_SOPT7[ADCxTRGSEL] fields. For more details, refer to SIM chapter.
3.8.4 Low-power timer configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
Low-power timer
Figure 3-40. LPTMR configuration
Table 3-56. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Low-power timer Low-power timer
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power management Power management
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-56. Reference links to related information (continued)
Topic Related module Reference
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.8.4.1 LPTMR prescaler/glitch filter clocking options
The prescaler and glitch filter of the LPTMR module can be clocked from one of four
sources determined by the LPTMR0_PSR[PCS] bitfield. The following table shows the
chip-specific clock assignments for this bitfield.
NOTE
The chosen clock must remain enabled if the LPTMR is to
continue operating in all required low-power modes.
LPTMR0_PSR[PCS] Prescaler/glitch filter clock
number Chip clock
00 0 MCGIRCLK — internal reference clock
(not available in VLPS/LLS/VLLS
modes)
01 1 LPO — 1 kHz clock (not available in
VLLS0 mode)
10 2 ERCLK32K — secondary external
reference clock
11 3 OSCERCLK_UNDIV — Undivided
external reference clock (not available in
VLLS0 mode)
See Clock Distribution for more details on these clocks.
3.8.4.2 LPTMR pulse counter input options
The LPTMR_CSR[TPS] bitfield configures the input source used in pulse counter mode.
The following table shows the chip-specific input assignments for this bitfield.
LPTMR_CSR[TPS] Pulse counter input number Chip input
00 0 CMP0 output
01 1 LPTMR_ALT1 pin
10 2 LPTMR_ALT2 pin
11 3 Reserved
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3.8.5 RTC configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
Real-time clock
Figure 3-41. RTC configuration
Table 3-57. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description RTC RTC
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power management Power management
3.8.5.1 RTC_CLKOUT signal
When the RTC is enabled and the port control module selects the RTC_CLKOUT
function, the RTC_CLKOUT signal outputs a 1 Hz or 32 kHz output derived from RTC
oscillator as shown below.
SIM_SOPT2[RTCCLKOUTSEL]
RTC_CLKOUT
RTC 1Hz clock
RTC 32kHz clock
RTC_CR[CLKO]
Figure 3-42. RTC_CLKOUT generation
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3.9 Communication interfaces
3.9.1 Universal Serial Bus (USB) FS Subsystem
The USB FS subsystem includes these components:
• Dual-role USB OTG-capable (On-The-Go) controller that supports a full-speed (FS)
device or FS/LS host. The module complies with the USB 2.0 specification.
• USB transceiver that includes internal 15 kΩ pulldowns on the D+ and D- lines for
host mode functionality and a 1.5 kΩ pullup on the D+ line for device mode
functionality.
• Status detection and wakeup functions for USB data pins, VBUS pin, and OTG ID
pin.
• IRC48 with clock recovery block to eliminate the 48MHz crystal. This is available
for USB device mode only.
USB controller
FS/LS
transceiver
D+ D-
USBVDD
IRC 48
Figure 3-43. USB FS/LS Subsystem Overview
NOTE
Use the following code sequence to select USB clock source,
USB clock divide ratio, and enable its clock gate to avoid
potential clock glitches which may result in USB enumeration
stage failure.
1. Select the USB clock source by configuring SIM_SOPT2.
2. Select the desired clock divide ratio by configuring
SIM_CLKDIV2.
3. Enable USB clock gate by setting SIM_SCGC4.
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3.9.1.1 USB pin status detection and wakeup interrupt features
This device does not have a dedicated VBUS detect pin. For VBUS detection, use a
GPIO pin for both bus-powered and self-powered USB cases. Because the GPIO pins on
this device do not directly support a 5V input, use an external resistive voltage divider to
keep the input voltage within the valid range if a GPIO pin is used for VBUS detection.
This device does not have a dedicated OTG ID detect pin. For OTG ID pin detection, if
needed, use a GPIO configured as an input pin with pullup enabled.
When the USB detects that there is no activity on the USB bus for more than 3 ms, the
USBx_ISTAT[SLEEP] bit is set. This bit can cause an interrupt and software decides the
appropriate action.
Waking from a low power mode (except in LLS/VLLS mode where USB is not powered)
occurs through an asynchronous interrupt triggered by activity on the USB bus. Setting
the USBx_USBTRC0[USBRESMEN] bit enables this function.
The following wakeup feature is also supported:
• In LLS/VLLS, if the GPIO pins chosen to detect VBUS and OTG ID are selected
from those pins which are inputs to the LLWU, transitions on them can generate a
wakeup.
3.9.1.2 USB Power Distribution
This chip includes a separate USBVDD supply pad that powers the USB transceiver.
USBVDD can be powered at nominal USB voltage level (3.3V) while the main MCU
supply pins are powered across the full operating range for the device.
3.9.1.2.1 AA/AAA cells power supply
The chip can be powered by two AA/AAA cells. In this case, the MCU is powered
through VDD which is within the 1.8 to 3.0 V range. After USB cable insertion is
detected, the off-chip regulator is enabled to power the USB transceiver.
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USB
XCVR
USB
Controller
USB0_DP
USB0_DM
VDD
USBVDD
TYPE A
D+
D-
VBUS
2 AA Cells To PMC and Pads
Chip
+
Cbyp
Cbyp
Regulator
Figure 3-44. USB regulator AA cell usecase
3.9.1.2.2 Li-Ion battery power supply
The chip can also be powered by a single Li-ion battery. In this case, the regulator
supplies VDD and USBVDD supply inputs. When connected to a USB host, the input
source of this regulator is switched to the USB bus supply from the Li-ion battery.
USB
XCVR
USB
Controller
USB0_DM
USB0_DP
VDD
USBVDD
TYPE A
D+
D-
VBUS
To PMC and Pads
Chip
VSS
Charger
Li-Ion
Si2301
Cbyp
Cbyp
Regulator
Figure 3-45. USB regulator Li-ion usecase
3.9.1.2.3 USB bus power supply
The chip can also be powered by the USB bus directly. In this case, the regulator supplies
VDD and USBVDD supply inputs.
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USB
XCVR USB
Controller
USB0_DP
USB0_DM
VDD
USBVDD
TYPE A
D+
D-
VBUS
To PMC and Pads
Chip
Cbyp
Cbyp
Regulator
Figure 3-46. USB regulator bus supply
3.9.1.3 USB controller configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Register
access
USB controller
Peripheral
bridge 0
Crossbar
switch
Transfers
Figure 3-47. USB controller configuration
Table 3-58. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description USB controller USB controller
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Transfers Crossbar switch Crossbar switch
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
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NOTE
When USB is not used in the application, it is recommended
that the USB supply pad USBVDD is tied to ground through
10kΩ; leaving this pin floating is not recommended.
3.9.2 SPI configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
SPI
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
Figure 3-48. SPI configuration
Table 3-59. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description SPI SPI
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.9.2.1 SPI Modules Configuration
This device contains two SPI modules .
3.9.2.2 SPI clocking
The SPI module is clocked by the internal bus clock (the DSPI refers to it as system
clock). The module has an internal divider, with a minimum divide is two. So, the SPI
can run at a maximum frequency of bus clock/2.
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3.9.2.3 Number of CTARs
SPI CTAR registers define different transfer attribute configurations. The SPI module
supports up to eight CTAR registers. This device supports two CTARs on all instances of
the SPI.
In master mode, the CTAR registers define combinations of transfer attributes, such as
frame size, clock phase, clock polarity, data bit ordering, baud rate, and various delays. In
slave mode only CTAR0 is used, and a subset of its bitfields sets the slave transfer
attributes.
3.9.2.4 TX FIFO size
Table 3-60. SPI transmit FIFO size
SPI Module Transmit FIFO size
SPI0 4
SPI1 1
3.9.2.5 RX FIFO Size
SPI supports up to 16-bit frame size during reception.
Table 3-61. SPI receive FIFO size
SPI Module Receive FIFO size
SPI0 4
SPI1 1
3.9.2.6 Number of PCS signals
The following table shows the number of peripheral chip select signals available per SPI
module.
Table 3-62. SPI PCS signals
SPI Module PCS Signals
SPI0 For packages with greater than 64 pins: SPI0_PCS[5:0]
For packages with 64 pins: SPI0_PCS[4:0]
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-62. SPI PCS signals
(continued)
SPI Module PCS Signals
SPI1 For packages with greater than 64 pins: SPI0_PCS[3:0]
For packages with 64 pins: SPI0_PCS[1:0]
3.9.2.7 SPI Operation in Low Power Modes
In VLPR and VLPW modes the SPI is functional; however, the reduced system
frequency also reduces the max frequency of operation for the SPI. In VLPR and VLPW
modes the max SPI_CLK frequency is 2MHz.
In stop and VLPS modes, the clocks to the SPI module are disabled. The module is not
functional, but it is powered so that it retains state.
There is one way to wake from stop mode via the SPI, which is explained in the
following section.
3.9.2.7.1 Using GPIO Interrupt to Wake from stop mode
Here are the steps to use a GPIO to create a wakeup upon reception of SPI data in slave
mode:
1. Point the GPIO interrupt vector to the desired interrupt handler.
2. Enable the GPIO input to generate an interrupt on either the rising or falling edge
(depending on the polarity of the chip select signal).
3. Enter Stop or VLPS mode and Wait for the GPIO interrupt.
NOTE
It is likely that in using this approach the first word of data from
the SPI host might not be received correctly. This is dependent
on the transfer rate used for the SPI, the delay between chip
select assertion and presentation of data, and the system
interrupt latency.
3.9.2.8 SPI Doze Mode
The Doze mode for the SPI module is the same as the Wait and VLPW modes for the
chip.
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3.9.2.9 SPI Interrupts
The SPI has multiple sources of interrupt requests. However, these sources are OR'd
together to generate a single interrupt request per SPI module to the interrupt controller.
When an SPI interrupt occurs, read the SPI_SR to determine the exact interrupt source.
3.9.2.10 SPI clocks
This table shows the SPI module clocks and the corresponding chip clocks.
Table 3-63. SPI clock connections
Module clock Chip clock
System Clock Bus Clock
3.9.2.11 Writing SPI Transmit FIFO
The SPI supports 8-bit or 16-bit writes to the PUSH TX FIFO, allowing a single write to
the command word followed by multiple writes to the transmit word. The TX FIFO will
save the last command word written, and convert a 8-bit/16-bit write to the transmit word
into a 32-bit write that pushes both the command word and transmit word into the TX
FIFO (PUSH TX FIFO Register In Master Mode)
A 32-bit write to the SPI_PUSH register will push all 32-bits to the TX FIFO. An 8-bit or
16-bit write to the 16-bit transmit data field will push the data together with the last
written command word. An 8-bit or 16-bit write to the command word does not push data
onto the FIFO, but that command word is pushed to the TX FIFO on all subsequent 8-bit
or 16-bit writes to the transmit data field. This allows a single 16-bit write to the
command word to be used for all subsequent 8-bit or 16-bit writes to the transmit data
word. Writing a different 16-bit command word will cause all subsequent 8-bit or 16-bit
writes to the transmit data word to be pushed to the TX FIFO with the new command
word.
3.9.3 I2C Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
2
I C
Figure 3-49. I2C configuration
Table 3-64. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description I2C I2C
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power management Power management
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.9.3.1 I2C Instantiation Information
This device has two I2C modules.
The I2C module includes SMBus support and DMA support. It also has optional address
match wakeup in Stop/VLPS mode.
The digital glitch filter implemented in the IIC module, controlled by the
I2Cx_FLT[FLT] registers, is clocked from the bus clock and thus has filter granularity in
bus clock cycle counts.
3.9.4 UART Configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
UART
Figure 3-50. UART configuration
Table 3-65. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description UART UART
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power management Power management
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.9.4.1 UART configuration information
This chip contains three UART modules. This section describes how each module is
configured on this device.
1. Standard features of all UARTs:
• RS-485 support
• Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS)
• 9-bit UART to support address mark with parity
• MSB/LSB configuration on data
2. UART0 and UART1 are clocked from the core clock, the remaining UARTs are
clocked on the bus clock. The maximum baud rate is 1/16 of related source clock
frequency.
3. IrDA is available on all UARTs
4. UART0 contains the standard features plus ISO7816
5. UART0 contains 8-entry transmit and 8-entry receive FIFOs
6. All other UARTs contain a 1-entry transmit and receive FIFOs
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3.9.4.2 UART wakeup
The UART can be configured to generate an interrupt/wakeup on the first active edge that
it receives.
3.9.4.3 UART interrupts
The UART has multiple sources of interrupt requests. However, some of these sources
are OR'd together to generate a single interrupt request. See below for the mapping of the
individual interrupt sources to the interrupt request:
The status interrupt combines the following interrupt sources:
Source UART 0 UART 1 UART 2
Transmit data empty x x x
Transmit complete x x x
Idle line x x x
Receive data full x x x
LIN break detect x x x
RxD pin active edge x x x
Initial character detect x — —
The error interrupt combines the following interrupt sources:
Source UART 0 UART 1 UART 2
Receiver overrun x x x
Noise flag x x x
Framing error x x x
Parity error x x x
Transmitter buffer overflow x x x
Receiver buffer overflow x x x
Receiver buffer underflow x x x
Transmit threshold (ISO7816) x — —
Receiver threshold (ISO7816) x — —
Wait timer (ISO7816) x — —
Character wait timer
(ISO7816)
x — —
Block wait timer (ISO7816) x — —
Guard time violation
(ISO7816)
x — —
ATR duration timer
(ISO7816)
x — —
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3.9.5 LPUART configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
LPUART Signal
multiplexing
Module signals
Figure 3-51. LPUART configuration
Table 3-66. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description LPUART0 LPUART
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal multiplexing
3.9.5.1 LPUART0 overview
The LPUART0 module supports basic UART with DMA interface function and x4 to
x32 oversampling of baud-rate.
The module can remain functional in Stop and VLPS mode provided the clock it is using
remains enabled.
This module supports LIN slave operation.
3.9.6 I2S configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
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Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
2
I S
Figure 3-52. I2S configuration
Table 3-67. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description >I2SI2S
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Power management Power management
Signal multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.9.6.1 Instantiation information
This device contains one I2S module.
As configured on the device, module features include:
• TX data lines: 1
• RX data lines: 1
• FIFO size (words): 8
• Maximum words per frame: 16
• Maximum bit clock divider: 512
3.9.6.2 I2S/SAI clocking
3.9.6.2.1 Audio Master Clock
The audio master clock (MCLK) is used to generate the bit clock when the receiver or
transmitter is configured for an internally generated bit clock. The audio master clock can
also be output to or input from a pin. The transmitter and receiver have the same audio
master clock inputs.
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NXP Semiconductors 127
3.9.6.2.2 Bit Clock
The I2S/SAI transmitter and receiver support asynchronous bit clocks (BCLKs) that can
be generated internally from the audio master clock or supplied externally. The module
also supports the option for synchronous operation between the receiver and transmitter
product.
3.9.6.2.3 Bus Clock
The bus clock is used by the control registers and to generate synchronous interrupts and
DMA requests.
3.9.6.2.4 I2S/SAI clock generation
Each SAI peripheral can control the input clock selection, pin direction and divide ratio
of one audio master clock.
The MCLK Input Clock Select bit of the MCLK Control Register (MCR[MICS]) selects
the clock input to the I2S/SAI module’s MCLK divider.
The following table shows the input clock selection options on this device.
Table 3-68. I2S0 MCLK input clock selection
MCR[MICS] Clock Selection
00 System clock
01 OSC0ERCLK
10 Not supported
11 MCGFLLCLKor IRC48MCLK
The module's MCLK Divide Register (MDR) configures the MCLK divide ratio.
The module's MCLK Output Enable bit of the MCLK Control Register (MCR[MOE])
controls the direction of the MCLK pin. The pin is the input from the pin when MOE is 0,
and the pin is the output from the clock divider when MOE is 1.
The transmitter and receiver can independently select between the bus clock and the
audio master clock to generate the bit clock. Each module's Clocking Mode field of the
Transmit Configuration 2 Register and Receive Configuration 2 Register (TCR2[MSEL]
and RCR2[MSEL]) selects the master clock.
Communication interfaces
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The following table shows the TCR2[MSEL] and RCR2[MSEL] field settings for this
device.
Table 3-69. I2S0 master clock settings
TCR2[MSEL], RCR2[MSEL] Master Clock
00 Bus Clock
01 I2S0_MCLK
10 Not supported
11 Not supported
3.9.6.2.5 Clock gating and I2S/SAI initialization
The clock to the I2S/SAI module can be gated using a bit in the SIM. To minimize power
consumption, these bits are cleared after any reset, which disables the clock to the
corresponding module. The clock enable bit should be set by software at the beginning of
the module initialization routine to enable the module clock before initialization of any of
the I2S/SAI registers.
3.9.6.3 I2S/SAI operation in low power modes
3.9.6.3.1 Stop and very low power modes
In Stop mode, the SAI transmitter and/or receiver can continue operating provided the
appropriate Stop Enable bit is set (TCSR[STOPE] and/or RCSR[STOPE], respectively),
and provided the transmitter and/or receiver is/are using an externally generated bit clock
or an Audio Master Clock that remains operating in Stop mode. The SAI transmitter
and/or receiver can generate an asynchronous interrupt to wake the CPU from Stop mode.
In VLPS mode, the module behaves as it does in stop mode if VLPS mode is entered
from run mode. However, if VLPS mode is entered from VLPR mode, the FIFO might
underflow or overflow before wakeup from stop mode due to the limits in bus bandwidth.
In VLPW and VLPR modes, the module is limited by the maximum bus clock
frequencies.
When operating from an internally generated bit clock or Audio Master Clock that is
disabled in stop modes:
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In Stop mode, if the Transmitter Stop Enable (TCSR[STOPE]) bit is clear, the transmitter
is disabled after completing the current transmit frame, and, if the Receiver Stop Enable
(RCSR[STOPE]) bit is clear, the receiver is disabled after completing the current receive
frame. Entry into Stop mode is prevented–not acknowledged–while waiting for the
transmitter and receiver to be disabled at the end of the current frame.
3.9.6.3.2 Low-leakage modes
When entering low-leakage modes, the Stop Enable (TCSR[STOPE] and
RCSR[STOPE]) bits are ignored and the SAI is disabled after completing the current
transmit and receive Frames. Entry into stop mode is prevented (not acknowledged)
while waiting for the transmitter and receiver to be disabled at the end of the current
frame.
3.10 Human-machine interfaces
3.10.1 GPIO configuration
This section summarizes how the module has been configured in the chip. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Signal
multiplexing
Register
access
Peripheral
bridge
Module signals
GPIO controller
Crossbar
switch
Transfers
Figure 3-53. GPIO configuration
Table 3-70. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description GPIO GPIO
System memory map System memory map
Clocking Clock Distribution
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 3-70. Reference links to related information (continued)
Topic Related module Reference
Power management Power management
Transfers Crossbar switch Clock Distribution
Signal Multiplexing Port control Signal Multiplexing
3.10.1.1 Number of GPIO signals
The number of GPIO signals available on the devices covered by this document are
detailed in Orderable part numbers .
Eight GPIO pins support a high drive capability - PTB0, PTB1, PTD4, PTD5, PTD6,
PTD7, PTC3, and PTC4. All other GPIO support normal drive option only.
PTA4 includes a passive input filter that is enabled or disabled by PORTA_PCR4[PFE]
control. This reset default is to have this function disabled.
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Human-machine interfaces
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Chapter 4
Memory Map
4.1 Introduction
This device contains various memories and memory-mapped peripherals which are
located in one 32-bit contiguous memory space. This chapter describes the memory and
peripheral locations within that memory space.
4.2 System memory map
The following table shows the high-level device memory map. This map provides the
complete architectural address space definition for the various sections. Based on the
physical sizes of the memories and peripherals, the actual address regions used may be
smaller.
The system memory map includes address spaces that are intended for specific purposes.
• There is an aliased region that maps a system address space to the Program flash
section. Flash region aliasing is specifically intended for references to read-only data
coefficients in the flash while still preserving a full Harvard memory organization in
the processor core supporting concurrent instruction fetches (for example, from
RAM) and data accesses (from flash via the aliased space).
• The bitbanding functionality supported by the processor core uses aliased regions
that map to the basic RAM and peripheral address spaces. This functionality maps
each 32-bit word of the aliased address space to a unique bit in the underlying RAM
or peripheral address space to support single-bit insert and extract operations from
the processor.
Table 4-1. System memory map
System 32-bit Address Range Destination Slave Access
0x0000_0000–0x07FF_FFFF 1Program flash and read-only data All masters
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Table 4-1. System memory map (continued)
System 32-bit Address Range Destination Slave Access
(Includes exception vectors in first 1024 bytes)
0x0800_0000–0x0FFF_FFFF Reserved —
0x1000_0000–0x1BFF_FFFF Reserved —
0x1C00_0000–0x1FFF_FFFF 2SRAM_L: Lower SRAM (ICODE/DCODE) All masters
0x2000_0000–0x200F_FFFF 2SRAM_U: Upper SRAM bitband region All masters
0x2010_0000–0x21FF_FFFF Reserved –
0x2200_0000–0x23FF_FFFF Aliased to SRAM_U bitband Cortex-M4 core
only
0x2400_0000-0x2FFF_FFFF Reserved –
0x3000_0000-0x33FF_FFFF 1Program Flash and read-only data Cortex-M4 core
only
0x3400_0000-0x3FFF_FFFF Reserved –
0x4000_0000–0x4007_FFFF Bitband region for peripheral bridge 0 (AIPS-Lite0) Cortex-M4 core &
DMA/EzPort
0x4008_0000–0x400F_EFFF Reserved –
0x400F_F000–0x400F_FFFF Bitband region for general purpose input/output (GPIO) Cortex-M4 core &
DMA/EzPort
0x4010_0000–0x41FF_FFFF Reserved –
0x4200_0000–0x42FF_FFFF Aliased to peripheral bridge (AIPS-Lite) bitband Cortex-M4 core
only
0x4300_0000–0x43FD_FFFF Reserved –
0x43FE_0000–0x43FF_FFFF Aliased to general purpose input/output (GPIO) bitband Cortex-M4 core
only
0x4400_0000–0xDFFF_FFFF Reserved –
0xE000_0000–0xE00F_FFFF Private peripherals Cortex-M4 core
only
0xE010_0000–0xFFFF_FFFF Reserved –
1. This map provides the complete architectural address space definition for the flash. Based on the physical sizes of the
memories implemented for a particular device, the actual address regions used may be smaller. See Flash Memory Sizes
for details.
2. This range varies depending on amount of SRAM implemented for a particular device. See SRAM sizes for details.
NOTE
1. EzPort master port is statically muxed with DMA master
port. Access rights to AIPS-Lite peripheral bridge and
general purpose input/output (GPIO) module address space
is limited to the core, DMA and EzPort.
2. ARM Cortex-M4 core access privileges also includes
accesses via the debug interface.
System memory map
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4.2.1 Aliased bit-band regions
The SRAM_U, AIPS-Lite, and general purpose input/output (GPIO) module resources
reside in the Cortex-M4 processor bit-band regions.
The processor also includes two 32 MB aliased bit-band regions associated with the two
1 MB bit-band spaces. Each 32-bit location in the 32 MB space maps to an individual bit
in the bit-band region. A 32-bit write in the alias region has the same effect as a read-
modify-write operation on the targeted bit in the bit-band region.
Bit 0 of the value written to the alias region determines what value is written to the target
bit:
• Writing a value with bit 0 set writes a 1 to the target bit.
• Writing a value with bit 0 clear writes a 0 to the target bit.
A 32-bit read in the alias region returns either:
• a value of 0x0000_0000 to indicate the target bit is clear
• a value of 0x0000_0001 to indicate the target bit is set
31 0 0
31
Bit-band region Alias bit-band region
1 MByte
32 MByte
Figure 4-1. Alias bit-band mapping
NOTE
Each bit in bit-band region has an equivalent bit that can be
manipulated through bit 0 in a corresponding long word in the
alias bit-band region.
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4.2.2 Flash Access Control Introduction
The Flash Access Control (FAC) is a NXP or third-party configurable memory protection
scheme optimized to allow end users to utilize software libraries while offering
programmable restrictions to these libraries. The flash memory is divided into equal size
segments that provide protection to proprietary software libraries. The protection of these
segments is controlled as the FAC provides a cycle-by-cycle evaluation of the access
rights for each transaction routed to the on-chip flash memory. Configurability allows an
increasing number of protected segments while supporting two levels of vendors adding
their proprietary software to a device.
Flash access control aligns to the three privilege levels supported by ARM Cortex-M
family products where the most secure state - supervisor/privileged secure - aligns to the
execute-only and supervisor-only access control. The unsecure state of user non-secure
aligns to no access control states set, and the mid-level state where user secure aligns to
using the access control of execute-only.
Control for this protection scheme is implemented in Program Once NVM locations and
is configurable through a Program Once flash command operations. The NVM locations
controlling FAC are unaffected by Erase All Blocks flash command and debug interface
initiated mass erase operations.
NOTE
The FAC protection scheme has eight XACC and eight SACC
registers to control up to 64 segments. For program flash sizes
128KB or less, the memory is divided into 32 segments,
controlled by the four lower-order XACC and SACC registers.
To protect the NVM locations being used for execute only code from being mass erased
FTFA_FSEC[MEEN] bits must be set to 'b10.
4.3 Flash Memory Map
The flash memory and the flash registers are located at different base addresses as shown
in the following figure. The base address for each is specified in System memory map.
Flash Memory Map
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Program flash
Flash configuration field
Program flash base address
Flash memory base address
Registers
Figure 4-2. Flash memory map
The on-chip Flash is implemented in a portion of the allocated Flash range to form a
contiguous block in the memory map beginning at address 0x0000_0000. See Flash
Memory Sizes for details of supported ranges.
Accesses to the flash memory ranges outside the amount of Flash on the device causes
the bus cycle to be terminated with an error followed by the appropriate response in the
requesting bus master. Read collision events in which flash memory is accessed while a
flash memory resource is being manipulated by a flash command also generates a bus
error response.
4.3.1 Alternate Non-Volatile IRC User Trim Description
The following non-volatile locations (4 bytes) are reserved for custom IRC user trim
supported by some development tools. An alternate IRC trim to the factory loaded trim
can be stored at this location. To override the factory trim, user software must load new
values into the MCG trim registers.
Non-Volatile Byte Address Alternate IRC Trim Value
0x0000_03FC Reserved
0x0000_03FD Reserved
0x0000_03FE (bit 0) SCFTRIM
0x0000_03FE (bit 4:1) FCTRIM
0x0000_03FE (bit 6) FCFTRIM
0x0000_03FF SCTRIM
4.4 SRAM memory map
The on-chip RAM is split in two regions: SRAM_L and SRAM_U. The RAM is
implemented such that the SRAM_L and SRAM_U ranges form a contiguous block in
the memory map. See SRAM Configuration for details.
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Accesses to the SRAM_L and SRAM_U memory ranges outside the amount of RAM on
the device causes the bus cycle to be terminated with an error followed by the appropriate
response in the requesting bus master.
4.5 Peripheral bridge (AIPS-Lite) memory map
Modules that are disabled via their clock gate control bits in the SIM registers disable the
associated AIPS slots. Access to any address within an unimplemented or disabled
peripheral bridge slot results in a transfer error termination.
For programming model accesses via the peripheral bridges, there is generally only a
small range within the 4 KB slots that is implemented. Accessing an address that is not
implemented in the peripheral results in a transfer error termination.
4.5.1 Read-after-write sequence and required serialization of
memory operations
In some situations, a write to a peripheral must be completed fully before a subsequent
action can occur. Examples of such situations include:
• Exiting an interrupt service routine (ISR)
• Changing a mode
• Configuring a function
In these situations, the application software must perform a read-after-write sequence to
guarantee the required serialization of the memory operations:
1. Write the peripheral register.
2. Read the written peripheral register to verify the write.
3. Continue with subsequent operations.
NOTE
One factor contributing to these situations is processor write
buffering. The processor architecture has a programmable
configuration bit to disable write buffering:
ACTLR[DISDEFWBUF]. However, disabling buffered writes
is likely to degrade system performance much more than simply
performing the required memory serialization for the situations
that truly require it.
Peripheral bridge (AIPS-Lite) memory map
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4.5.2 Peripheral Bridge 0 (AIPS-Lite 0) Memory Map
Table 4-2. Peripheral bridge 0 slot assignments
System 32-bit base address Slot
number
Module
0x4000_0000 0 —
0x4000_1000 1 —
0x4000_2000 2 —
0x4000_3000 3 —
0x4000_4000 4 —
0x4000_5000 5 —
0x4000_6000 6 —
0x4000_7000 7 —
0x4000_8000 8 DMA controller
0x4000_9000 9 DMA controller transfer control descriptors
0x4000_A000 10 —
0x4000_B000 11 —
0x4000_C000 12 —
0x4000_D000 13 —
0x4000_E000 14 —
0x4000_F000 15 —
0x4001_0000 16 —
0x4001_1000 17 —
0x4001_2000 18 —
0x4001_3000 19 —
0x4001_4000 20 —
0x4001_5000 21 —
0x4001_6000 22 —
0x4001_7000 23 —
0x4001_8000 24 —
0x4001_9000 25 —
0x4001_A000 26 —
0x4001_B000 27 —
0x4001_C000 28 —
0x4001_D000 29 —
0x4001_E000 30 —
0x4001_F000 31 Flash memory controller
0x4002_0000 32 Flash memory
0x4002_1000 33 DMA channel mutiplexer
0x4002_2000 34 —
0x4002_3000 35 —
0x4002_4000 36 —
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 4-2. Peripheral bridge 0 slot assignments (continued)
System 32-bit base address Slot
number
Module
0x4002_5000 37 —
0x4002_6000 38 —
0x4002_7000 39 Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 1
0x4002_8000 40 —
0x4002_9000 41 —
0x4002_A000 42 LPUART0
0x4002_B000 43 —
0x4002_C000 44 SPI 0
0x4002_D000 45 SPI 1
0x4002_E000 46 —
0x4002_F000 47 I2S 0
0x4003_0000 48 —
0x4003_1000 49 —
0x4003_2000 50 CRC
0x4003_3000 51 —
0x4003_4000 52 —
0x4003_5000 53 —
0x4003_6000 54 Programmable delay block (PDB)
0x4003_7000 55 Periodic interrupt timers (PIT)
0x4003_8000 56 FlexTimer (FTM) 0
0x4003_9000 57 FlexTimer (FTM) 1
0x4003_A000 58 FlexTimer (FTM) 2
0x4003_B000 59 Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 0
0x4003_C000 60 —
0x4003_D000 61 Real-time clock (RTC)
0x4003_E000 62 VBAT register file
0x4003_F000 63 DAC0
0x4004_0000 64 Low-power timer (LPTMR)
0x4004_1000 65 System register file
0x4004_2000 66 —
0x4004_3000 67 —
0x4004_4000 68 —
0x4004_5000 69 —
0x4004_6000 70 —
0x4004_7000 71 SIM low-power logic
0x4004_8000 72 System integration module (SIM)
0x4004_9000 73 Port A multiplexing control
0x4004_A000 74 Port B multiplexing control
0x4004_B000 75 Port C multiplexing control
Table continues on the next page...
Peripheral bridge (AIPS-Lite) memory map
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Table 4-2. Peripheral bridge 0 slot assignments (continued)
System 32-bit base address Slot
number
Module
0x4004_C000 76 Port D multiplexing control
0x4004_D000 77 Port E multiplexing control
0x4004_E000 78 —
0x4004_F000 79 —
0x4005_0000 80 —
0x4005_1000 81 —
0x4005_2000 82 Software watchdog
0x4005_3000 83 —
0x4005_4000 84 —
0x4005_5000 85 —
0x4005_6000 86 —
0x4005_7000 87 —
0x4005_8000 88 —
0x4005_9000 89 —
0x4005_A000 90 —
0x4005_B000 91 —
0x4005_C000 92 —
0x4005_D000 93 —
0x4005_E000 94 —
0x4005_F000 95 —
0x4006_0000 96 —
0x4006_1000 97 External watchdog
0x4006_2000 98 —
0x4006_3000 99 —
0x4006_4000 100 Multi-purpose Clock Generator (MCG)
0x4006_5000 101 System oscillator (OSC)
0x4006_6000 102 I2C 0
0x4006_7000 103 I2C 1
0x4006_8000 104 —
0x4006_9000 105 —
0x4006_A000 106 UART 0
0x4006_B000 107 UART 1
0x4006_C000 108 UART 2
0x4006_D000 109 —
0x4006_E000 110 —
0x4006_F000 111 —
0x4007_0000 112 —
0x4007_1000 113 —
0x4007_2000 114 USB OTG FS/LS
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 4-2. Peripheral bridge 0 slot assignments (continued)
System 32-bit base address Slot
number
Module
0x4007_3000 115 Analog comparator (CMP) / 6-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
0x4007_4000 116 Voltage reference (VREF)
0x4007_5000 117 —
0x4007_6000 118 —
0x4007_7000 119 —
0x4007_8000 120 —
0x4007_9000 121 —
0x4007_A000 122 —
0x4007_B000 123 —
0x4007_C000 124 Low-leakage wakeup unit (LLWU)
0x4007_D000 125 Power management controller (PMC)
0x4007_E000 126 System Mode controller (SMC)
0x4007_F000 127 Reset Control Module (RCM)
0x400F_F000 GPIO controller
4.6 Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) memory map
The PPB is part of the defined ARM bus architecture and provides access to select
processor-local modules. These resources are only accessible from the core; other system
masters do not have access to them.
Table 4-3. PPB memory map
System 32-bit Address Range Resource
0xE000_0000–0xE000_0FFF Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM)
0xE000_1000–0xE000_1FFF Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT)
0xE000_2000–0xE000_2FFF Flash Patch and Breakpoint (FPB)
0xE000_3000–0xE000_DFFF Reserved
0xE000_E000–0xE000_EFFF System Control Space (SCS) (for NVIC and FPU)
0xE000_F000–0xE003_FFFF Reserved
0xE004_0000–0xE004_0FFF Trace Port Interface Unit (TPIU)
0xE004_1000–0xE004_1FFF Reserved
0xE004_2000–0xE004_2FFF Reserved
0xE004_3000–0xE004_3FFF Reserved
0xE004_4000–0xE007_FFFF Reserved
0xE008_0000–0xE008_0FFF Miscellaneous Control Module (MCM)
0xE008_1000–0xE008_1FFF Reserved
Table continues on the next page...
Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) memory map
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Table 4-3. PPB memory map (continued)
System 32-bit Address Range Resource
0xE008_2000–0xE00F_EFFF Reserved
0xE00F_F000–0xE00F_FFFF ROM Table - allows auto-detection of debug components
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Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) memory map
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Chapter 5
Clock Distribution
5.1 Introduction
The MCG module controls which clock source is used to derive the system clocks. The
clock generation logic divides the selected clock source into a variety of clock domains,
including the clocks for the system bus masters, system bus slaves, and flash memory .
The clock generation logic also implements module-specific clock gating to allow
granular shutoff of modules.
The primary clocks for the system are generated from the MCGOUTCLK clock. The
clock generation circuitry provides several clock dividers that allow different portions of
the device to be clocked at different frequencies. This allows for trade-offs between
performance and power dissipation.
Various modules, such as the USB OTG Controller, have module-specific clocks that can
be generated from the IRC48MCLK or MCGFLLCLK clock. In addition, there are
various other module-specific clocks that have other alternate sources. Clock selection for
most modules is controlled by the SOPT registers in the SIM module.
5.2 Programming model
The selection and multiplexing of system clock sources is controlled and programmed via
the MCG module. The setting of clock dividers and module clock gating for the system
are programmed via the SIM module. Reference those sections for detailed register and
bit descriptions.
5.3 High-Level device clocking diagram
The following system oscillator, MCG, and SIM module registers control the
multiplexers, dividers, and clock gates shown in the below figure:
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OSC MCG SIM
Multiplexers MCG_CxMCG_CxSIM_SOPT1, SIM_SOPT2
Dividers — MCG_CxSIM_CLKDIVx
Clock gates OSC_CR MCG_C1 SIM_SCGCx
32 kHz IRC
FLL
MCGOUTCLK
MCG
MCGFLLCLK
OUTDIV1 Core / system clocks
4 MHz IRC
OUTDIV4 Flash clock
OUTDIV2 Bus clock
RTC oscillator
EXTAL32
XTAL32
EXTAL0
XTAL0
System oscillator
SIM
FRDIV
MCGIRCLK
ERCLK32K
OSC32KCLK
XTAL_CLK
MCGFFCLK
OSC
logic
OSC logic
Clock options for
some peripherals
(see note)
MCGFLLCLK/
Note: See subsequent sections for details on where these clocks are used.
PMC logic
PMC
LPO
OSCCLK
CG
CG
CG
CG
CG — Clock gate
RTC_CLKOUT
Clock options for some
peripherals (see note)
FCRDIV
IRC48M internal oscillator
IRC48M logic
IRC48MCLK
IRC48MCLK
1 Hz
32.768 kHz
IRC48MCLK
OSCERCLK
DIV
OSCERCLK_UNDIV
Figure 5-1. Clocking diagram
5.4 Clock definitions
The following table describes the clocks in the previous block diagram.
Clock definitions
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Clock name Description
Core clock MCGOUTCLK divided by OUTDIV1 clocks the ARM Cortex-
M4 core
Platform clock MCGOUTCLK divided by OUTDIV1, clocks the crossbar
switch and NVIC.
System clock MCGOUTCLK divided by OUTDIV1, clocks the bus masters
directly. In addition, this clock is used for UART0 and UART1.
Bus clock MCGOUTCLK divided by OUTDIV2 clocks the bus slaves
and peripheral (excluding memories)
Flash clock MCGOUTCLK divided by OUTDIV4 clocks the flash memory
MCGIRCLK MCG output of the slow or fast internal reference clock
MCGFFCLK MCG output of the slow internal reference clock or a divided
MCG external reference clock.
MCGOUTCLK MCG output of either IRC, MCGFLLCLK or MCG's external
reference clock that sources the core, system, bus, and flash
clock. It is also an option for the debug trace clock.
MCGFLLCLK MCG output of the FLL. MCGFLLCLK may clock some
modules.
IRC48MCLK Internal 48 MHz oscillator that can be used as a reference to
the MCG and also may clock some on-chip modules.
OSCCLK System oscillator output of the internal oscillator or sourced
directly from EXTAL
OSCERCLK System oscillator output sourced from OSCCLK that may
clock some on-chip modules. Dividable by 1, 2, 4, or 8.
OSC32KCLK System oscillator 32kHz output
ERCLK32K Clock source for some modules that is chosen as
OSC32KCLK or the RTC clock.
RTC clock RTC oscillator output for the RTC module
LPO PMC 1kHz output
5.4.1 Device clock summary
The following table provides more information regarding the on-chip clocks.
Table 5-1. Clock Summary
Clock name High Speed Run
mode
clock frequency
Run mode
clock frequency
VLPR mode
clock frequency
Clock source Clock is disabled
when…
MCGOUTCLK Up to 100 MHz Up to 100 MHz Up to 4 MHz MCG In all stop modes
except for partial
stop modes.
MCGFLLCLK Up to 100 MHz Up to 100 MHz N/A MCG MCG clock controls
do not enable.
Overriding forced
disable in all low
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 5-1. Clock Summary (continued)
Clock name High Speed Run
mode
clock frequency
Run mode
clock frequency
VLPR mode
clock frequency
Clock source Clock is disabled
when…
powers modes
(including STOP
and VLPx modes).
Core clock Up to 100 MHz Up to 72 MHz Up to 4 MHz MCGOUTCLK
clock divider
In all wait and stop
modes
System clock Up to 100 MHz Up to 72 MHz Up to 4 MHz MCGOUTCLK
clock divider
In all stop modes
and Compute
Operation
Bus clock Up to 50 MHz Up to 50 MHz Up to 4 MHz MCGOUTCLK
clock divider
In all stop modes
except for partial
STOP2 mode, and
Compute Operation
Flash clock Up to 25 MHz Up to 25 MHz Up to 1 MHz in
BLPE, Up to 800
kHz in BLPI
MCGOUTCLK
clock divider
In all stop modes
except for partial
STOP2 mode
Internal reference
(MCGIRCLK)
30-40 kHz or 4
MHz
30-40 kHz or 4
MHz
4 MHz only MCG MCG_C1[IRCLKEN
] cleared,
Stop or VLPS
mode and
MCG_C1[IREFSTE
N] cleared, or
LLS/VLLS mode
External reference
(OSCERCLK)
Up to 50 MHz
(bypass),
30-40 kHz, or
3-32 MHz (crystal)
Up to 50 MHz
(bypass),
30-40 kHz, or
3-32 MHz (crystal)
Up to 16 MHz
(bypass),
30-40 kHz (low-
range crystal) or
Up to 16 MHz
(high-range crystal)
System OSC System OSC's
OSC_CR[ERCLKE
N] cleared, or
Stop mode and
OSC_CR[EREFST
EN] cleared
External reference
32kHz
(ERCLK32K)
30-40 kHz 30-40 kHz 30-40 kHz System OSC or
LPO or RTC OSC
depending on
SIM_SOPT1[OSC3
2KSEL]
System OSC's
OSC_CR[ERCLKE
N] cleared
or RTC's
RTC_CR[OSCE]
cleared
Internal 48 MHz
clock
(IRC48MCLK)
48 MHz 48 MHz N/A IRC48M USB MCG or SIM
control does not
enable.
Overriding forced
disable in VLPS,
LLSx, VLLSx.
RTC_CLKOUT 1 Hz or 32 kHz 1 Hz or 32 kHz 1 Hz or 32 kHz RTC clock RTC_CLKOUT is
disabled in LLS and
VLLSx modes.
Overriding clocking
is possible via
SIM_SOPT1[OSC3
Table continues on the next page...
Clock definitions
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Table 5-1. Clock Summary (continued)
Clock name High Speed Run
mode
clock frequency
Run mode
clock frequency
VLPR mode
clock frequency
Clock source Clock is disabled
when…
2KOUT] to drive
CLKOUT32K out in
all low power
modes.
CLKOUT32K 32 kHz 32 kHz 32 kHz ERCLK32K - which
is system OSC or
LPO or RTC OSC
depending on
SIM_SOPT1[OSC3
2KSEL]
SIM_SOPT1[OSC3
2KOUT] not
configured to drive
ERCLK32K out.
LPO 1 kHz 1 kHz 1 kHz PMC in VLLS0
USB FS clock 48 MHz 48 MHz N/A IRC48MCLK or
MCGFLLCLK with
fractional clock
divider, or
USB_CLKIN
USB FS OTG is
disabled
I2S master clock Up to 25 MHz Up to 25 MHz Up to 12.5 MHz System clock ,
IRC48MCLK,
OSCERCLK with
fractional clock
divider, or
I2S_CLKIN
I2S is disabled
TRACE clock Up to 100 MHz Up to 100 MHz Up to 4 MHz System clock or
MCGOUTCLK
Trace is disabled
LPUART0 clock Up to 100 MHz Up to 100MHz Up to 16MHz MCGFLLCLK or
IRC48MCLK or
MCGIRCLK or
OSCERCLK
LPUART0 is
disabled
5.5 Internal clocking requirements
The clock dividers are programmed via the SIM module’s CLKDIV registers. Each
divider is programmable from a divide-by-1 through divide-by-16 setting. The following
requirements must be met when configuring the clocks for this device:
1. The core and system clock frequencies must be 100 MHz or slower in HSRUN, 72
MHz or slower in RUN.
2. The bus clock frequency must be programmed to 50 MHz or less in both HSRUN
and RUN, and an integer divide of the core clock. The core clock to bus clock ratio is
limited to a max value of 8.
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3. The flash clock frequency must be programmed to 25 MHz or less, less than or equal
to the bus clock, and an integer divide of the core clock. The core clock to flash clock
ratio is limited to a max value of 8.
The following are a few of the more common clock configurations for this device:
Option 1:
Clock Frequency
Core clock 50 MHz
System clock 50 MHz
Bus clock 50 MHz
Flash clock 25 MHz
Option 2: Run
Clock Frequency
Core clock 72 MHz
System clock 72 MHz
Bus clock 36 MHz
Flash clock 24 MHz
Option 3: High Speed Run
Clock Frequency
Core clock 100 MHz
System clock 100 MHz
Bus clock 50 MHz
Flash clock 25 MHz
5.5.1 Clock divider values after reset
Each clock divider is programmed via the SIM module’s CLKDIVn registers. The flash
memory's FTF_FOPT[LPBOOT] bit controls the reset value of the core clock, system
clock, bus clock, and flash clock dividers as shown below:
FTF_FOPT
[LPBOOT] Core/system clock Bus clock Flash clock Description
0 0x7 (divide by 8) 0x7 (divide by 8) 0xF (divide by 16) Low power boot
1 0x0 (divide by 1) 0x0 (divide by 1) 0x1 (divide by 2) Fast clock boot
Internal clocking requirements
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This gives the user flexibility for a lower frequency, low-power boot option. The flash
erased state defaults to fast clocking mode, since where the low power boot
(FTF_FOPT[LPBOOT]) bit resides in flash is logic 1 in the flash erased state.
To enable the low power boot option program FTF_FOPT[LPBOOT] to zero. During the
reset sequence, if LPBOOT is cleared, the system is in a slow clock configuration. Upon
any system reset, the clock dividers return to this configurable reset state.
5.5.2 VLPR mode clocking
The clock dividers cannot be changed while in VLPR mode. They must be programmed
prior to entering VLPR mode to guarantee:
• the core/system and bus clocks are less than or equal to 4 MHz, and
• the flash memory clock is less than or equal to 1 MHz
NOTE
When the MCG is in BLPI and clocking is derived from the
Fast IRC, the clock divider controls, MCG_SC[FCRDIV] and
SIM_CLKDIV1[OUTDIV4], must be programmed such that
the resulting flash clock nominal frequency is 800 kHz or less.
In this case, one example of correct configuration is
MCG_SC[FCRDIV]=000b and
SIM_CLKDIV1[OUTDIV4]=0100b, resulting in a divide by 5
setting.
5.6 Clock Gating
The clock to each module can be individually gated on and off using the SIM module's
SCGCx registers. These bits are cleared after any reset, which disables the clock to the
corresponding module to conserve power. Prior to initializing a module, set the
corresponding bit in SCGCx register to enable the clock. Before turning off the clock,
make sure to disable the module.
Any bus access to a peripheral that has its clock disabled generates an error termination.
5.7 Module clocks
The following table summarizes the clocks associated with each module.
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Table 5-2. Module clocks
Module Bus interface clock Internal clocks I/O interface clocks
Core modules
ARM Cortex-M4 core System clock Core clock —
NVIC System clock — —
DAP System clock — —
ITM System clock — —
cJTAG, JTAGC — — JTAG_CLK
System modules
DMA System clock — —
DMA Mux Bus clock — —
Port control Bus clock LPO —
Crossbar Switch System clock — —
Peripheral bridges System clock Bus clock, Flash clock —
LLWU, PMC, SIM, RCM Flash clock LPO —
Mode controller Flash clock — —
MCM System clock — —
EWM Bus clock LPO —
Watchdog timer Bus clock LPO —
Clocks
MCG Flash clock MCGOUTCLK, MCGFLLCLK,
MCGIRCLK, OSCCLK, RTC
OSC, IRC48MCLK
—
OSC Bus clock OSCERCLK, OSCCLK,
OSCERCLK_UNDIV,
OSC32KCLK
—
IRC48M — IRC48MCLK —
Memory and memory interfaces
Flash Controller System clock Flash clock —
Flash memory Flash clock — —
EzPort System clock — EZP_CLK
Security
CRC Bus clock — —
Analog
ADC Bus clock OSCERCLK , IRC48MCLK —
CMP Bus clock — —
DAC Bus clock — —
VREF Flash clock — —
Timers
PDB Bus clock — —
FlexTimers Bus clock MCGFFCLK FTM_CLKINx
PIT Bus clock — —
Table continues on the next page...
Module clocks
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Table 5-2. Module clocks (continued)
Module Bus interface clock Internal clocks I/O interface clocks
LPTMR Flash clock LPO, OSCERCLK_UNDIV,
MCGIRCLK, ERCLK32K
—
RTC Flash clock EXTAL32 —
Communication interfaces
USB FS OTG System clock USB FS clock —
DSPI Bus clock — DSPI_SCK
I2C Bus clock — I2C_SCL
UART0, UART1 System clock — —
UART2 Bus clock — —
LPUART0 Bus clock LPUART0 clock —
I2S Bus clock I2S master clock I2S_TX_BCLK,
I2S_RX_BCLK
Human-machine interfaces
GPIO Platform clock — —
5.7.1 PMC 1-kHz LPO clock
The Power Management Controller (PMC) generates a 1-kHz clock that is enabled in all
modes of operation, including all low power modes except VLLS0. This 1-kHz source is
commonly referred to as LPO clock or 1-kHz LPO clock.
5.7.2 IRC 48MHz clock
The integrated 48 MHz internal reference clock source (IRC48MCLK) is available in
High Speed Run, Run, WAIT and Stop modes of operation. IRC48MCLK is also
available in Compute Only, PSTOP2 and PSTOP1 modes of operation when entered
from Run mode. IRC48MCLK is forced disabled when the MCU transitions into VLPS,
LLSx, and VLLSx low power modes.
NOTE
IRC48MCLK is not forced disabled in Stop modes and should
be disabled by software prior to Stop entry unless it is required.
IRC48MCLK is not forced disabled in VLPR and should be
disabled by software prior to VLPR entry.
IRC48MCLK is enabled via any of the following control settings while operating in these
modes:
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• USB Control register enables — enabled when
USB_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN[IRC_EN]=1
• MCG Control register selects IRC48 MHz clock (enabled when
MCG_C7[OSCSEL]=10) and MCG is configured in an external clocking mode (FBE
or FEE).
• SIM Control register selects IRC48 MHz clock — enabled when
SIM_SOPT2[PLLFLLSEL]=11
In USB Device applications, the IRC48M block can be enabled in USB Clock Recovery
mode in which the internal IRC48M oscillator is tuned to match the clock extracted from
the incoming USB data stream. This functionality provides the capability of generating a
high precision 48MHz clock source without requiring an on-chip PLL or an associated
off-chip crystal circuit.
If the USB Device connection is removed from the Host, the IRC48M USB Clock
Recovery functionality stops tuning the internal IRC48M oscillator since the clock
extracted from the USB data stream is disconnected. The 48MHz clock source frequency
does not shift after the USB Device is removed from the USB Host.
The IRC48MCLK is also available for use as:
• an oscillator reference to the MCG - from which core, system, bus, and flash clock
sources can be derived
• an ADC alternate clock source
• clock source for LPUART communications
• clock source for I2S/SAI communications
5.7.3 WDOG clocking
The WDOG may be clocked from two clock sources as shown in the following figure.
WDOG_STCTRLH[CLKSRC]
WDOG clock
Bus clock
LPO
Figure 5-2. WDOG clock generation
Module clocks
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5.7.4 Debug trace clock
The debug trace clock source can be clocked as shown in the following figure.
SIM_SOPT2[TRACECLKSEL]
TRACECLKIN
Core / system clock
MCGOUTCLK
Debug
Figure 5-3. Trace clock generation
5.7.5 PORT digital filter clocking
The digital filters in the PORTD module can be clocked as shown in the following figure.
NOTE
In stop mode, the digital input filters are bypassed unless they
are configured to run from the 1 kHz LPO clock source.
PORTx_DFCR[CS]
PORTx digital input
filter clock
Bus clock
LPO
Figure 5-4. PORTx digital input filter clock generation
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5.7.6 LPTMR clocking
The prescaler and glitch filters in each of the LPTMRx modules can be clocked as shown
in the following figure.
NOTE
The chosen clock must remain enabled if the LPTMRx is to
continue operating in all required low-power modes.
LPTMRx_PSR[PCS]
LPTMRx prescaler/glitch
filter clock
MCGIRCLK
OSCERCLK_UNDIV
ERCLK32K
LPO
Figure 5-5. LPTMRx prescaler/glitch filter clock generation
5.7.7 RTC_CLKOUT and CLKOUT32K clocking
When the RTC is enabled, the RTC_CLKOUT signal can be configured to drive to an
external pin via the associated pin muxing control, as shown below.
NOTE
RTC_CLKOUT is disabled in LLSx and VLLSx modes.
CLKOUT32K, controlled by SIM_SOPT1[OSC32KOUT], can also be driven on the pins
where the RTC_CLKOUT signal is an option, overriding the existing pin mux
configuration for that pin. The CLKOUT32K function is available in all modes of
operation. In VLLS0 mode only the RTC oscillator is available.
PTE0 is available in all packages for this device. PTE26 is not available in 64-pin
packages for this device.
Module clocks
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SIM_SOPT2[RTCCLKOUTSEL]
RTC_CLKOUT
RTC 1Hz clock
RTC 32kHz clock
RTC_CR[CLKO]
SIM_SOPT1[OSC32KOUT]
PTE0/CLKOUT32K
Pad
interface
PTE26/CLKOUT32K
Pad
interface
SIM_SOPT1[OSC32KSEL]
OSC32KCLK
ERCLK32K
00
10
1
0
10
01
Other
modules
Other
modules
LPO 11
Figure 5-6. RTC_CLKOUT and CLKOUT32K generation
5.7.8 USB FS OTG Controller clocking
The USB FS OTG controller is a bus master attached to the crossbar switch. As such, it
uses the system clock.
NOTE
For the USB FS OTG controller to operate, the minimum
system clock frequency is 20 MHz.
The USB OTG controller also requires a 48 MHz clock. The clock source options are
shown below.
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USB 48MHz
USB_CLKIN
SIM_CLKDIV2
[USBFRAC, USBDIV]
SIM_SOPT2[USBSRC]
SIM_SOPT2[PLLFLLSEL]
MCGFLLCLK
IRC48MCLK
Figure 5-7. USB 48 MHz clock source
NOTE
The MCGFLLCLK does not meet the USB jitter specifications
for certification. The IRC48MCLK is only usable as a USB
clock source in USB Device operation with the USB Clock
Recover function enabled.
5.7.9 UART clocking
UART0 and UART1 modules operate from the core/system clock, which provides higher
performance level for these modules. All other UART modules operate from the bus
clock.
5.7.10 LPUART0 clocking
The LPUART0 module has a selectable clock as shown in the following figure.
NOTE
The chosen clock must remain enabled if the LPUART0 is to
continue operating in all required low-power modes.
Module clocks
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LPUART0 clock
SIM_SOPT2[LPUARTSRC]
MCGIRCLK
OSCERCLK
IRC48MCLK
SIM_SOPT2[PLLFLLSEL]
MCGFLLCLK
Figure 5-8. LPUART0 clock generation
5.7.11 I2S/SAI clocking
The audio master clock (MCLK) is used to generate the bit clock when the receiver or
transmitter is configured for an internally generated bit clock. The audio master clock can
also be output to or input from a pin. The transmitter and receiver have the same audio
master clock inputs.
Each SAI peripheral can control the input clock selection, pin direction and divide ratio
of one audio master clock.
The I2S/SAI transmitter and receiver support asynchronous bit clocks (BCLKs) that can
be generated internally from the audio master clock or supplied externally. The module
also supports the option for synchronous operation between the receiver and transmitter
product.
The transmitter and receiver can independently select between the bus clock and the
audio master clock to generate the bit clock.
The MCLK and BCLK source options appear in the following figure.
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1
0
11
01
10
00
OSCERCLK
System Clock
I2Sx_MCR[MOE]
MCLK
MCLK_OUT
MCLK_IN
11
01
10
00
Bus Clock
[MSEL]
Bit
Clock
Divider 1
0
BCLK_IN
I2S/SAI
BCLK_OUT
[BCD]
BCLK
I2Sx_MDR[FRACT,DIVIDE]
I2Sx_MCR[MICS]
Clock Generation
[DIV]
I2Sx_TCR2/RCR2
SIM_SOPT2[PLLFLLSEL]
00
MCGFLLCLK
Direction
Control
Pad Interface Logic
Fractional
Clock
Divider
11
IRC48MCLK
Figure 5-9. I2S/SAI clock generation
Module clocks
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Chapter 6
Reset and Boot
6.1 Introduction
The following reset sources are supported in this MCU:
Table 6-1. Reset sources
Reset sources Description
POR reset • Power-on reset (POR)
System resets • External pin reset (PIN)
•Low-voltage detect (LVD)
•Computer operating properly (COP) watchdog reset
•Low leakage wakeup (LLWU) reset
•Multipurpose clock generator loss of clock (LOC) reset
•Stop mode acknowledge error (SACKERR)
•Software reset (SW)
•Lockup reset (LOCKUP)
•EzPort reset
•MDM DAP system reset
Debug reset • JTAG reset
•nTRST reset
Each of the system reset sources has an associated bit in the system reset status (SRS)
registers. See the Reset Control Module for register details.
The MCU exits reset in functional mode that is controlled by EZP_CS pin to select
between the single chip (default) or serial flash programming (EzPort) modes. See Boot
options for more details.
6.2 Reset
This section discusses basic reset mechanisms and sources. Some modules that cause
resets can be configured to cause interrupts instead. Consult the individual peripheral
chapters for more information.
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6.2.1 Power-on reset (POR)
When power is initially applied to the MCU or when the supply voltage drops below the
power-on reset re-arm voltage level (VPOR), the POR circuit causes a POR reset
condition.
As the supply voltage rises, the LVD circuit holds the MCU in reset until the supply has
risen above the LVD low threshold (VLVDL). The POR and LVD bits in SRS0 register are
set following a POR.
6.2.2 System reset sources
Resetting the MCU provides a way to start processing from a known set of initial
conditions. System reset begins with the on-chip regulator in full regulation and system
clocking generation from an internal reference. When the processor exits reset, it
performs the following:
• Reads the start SP (SP_main) from vector-table offset 0
• Reads the start PC from vector-table offset 4
• LR is set to 0xFFFF_FFFF
The on-chip peripheral modules are disabled and the non-analog I/O pins are initially
configured as disabled. The pins with analog functions assigned to them default to their
analog function after reset.
During and following a reset, the JTAG pins have their associated input pins configured
as:
• TDI in pull-up (PU)
• TCK in pull-down (PD)
• TMS in PU
and associated output pin configured as:
• TDO with no pull-down or pull-up
Note that the nTRST signal is initially configured as disabled, however once configured
to its JTAG functionality its associated input pin is configured as:
• nTRST in PU
Reset
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6.2.2.1 External pin reset (PIN)
On this device, RESET is a dedicated pin. This pin is open drain and has an internal
pullup device. Asserting RESET wakes the device from any mode. During a pin reset, the
RCM's SRS0[PIN] bit is set.
6.2.2.1.1 RESET pin filter
The RESET pin filter supports filtering from both the 1 kHz LPO clock and the bus
clock. RCM_RPFC[RSTFLTSS], RCM_RPFC[RSTFLTSRW], and
RCM_RPFW[RSTFLTSEL] control this functionality; see the RCM chapter. The filters
are asynchronously reset by Chip POR. The reset value for each filter assumes the
RESET pin is negated.
For all stop modes where LPO clock is still active (Stop, VLPS, LLS, VLLS3, VLLS2,
and VLLS1), the only filtering option is the LPO-based digital filter. The filtering logic
either switches to bypass operation or has continued filtering operation depending on the
filtering mode selected. When entering VLLS0, the RESET pin filter is disabled and
bypassed.
The LPO filter has a fixed filter value of 3. Due to a synchronizer on the input data, there
is also some associated latency (2 cycles). As a result, 5 cycles are required to complete a
transition from low to high or high to low.
6.2.2.2 Low-voltage detect (LVD)
The chip includes a system for managing low voltage conditions to protect memory
contents and control MCU system states during supply voltage variations. The system
consists of a power-on reset (POR) circuit and an LVD circuit with a user-selectable trip
voltage. The LVD system is always enabled in hsrun, normal run, wait, or stop mode.
The LVD system is disabled when entering VLPx, LLS, or VLLSx modes.
The LVD can be configured to generate a reset upon detection of a low voltage condition
by setting the PMC's LVDSC1[LVDRE] bit to 1. The low voltage detection threshold is
determined by the PMC's LVDSC1[LVDV] field. After an LVD reset has occurred, the
LVD system holds the MCU in reset until the supply voltage has risen above the low
voltage detection threshold. The RCM's SRS0[LVD] bit is set following either an LVD
reset or POR.
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6.2.2.3 Computer operating properly (COP) watchdog timer
The computer operating properly (COP) watchdog timer (WDOG) monitors the operation
of the system by expecting periodic communication from the software. This
communication is generally known as servicing (or refreshing) the COP watchdog. If this
periodic refreshing does not occur, the watchdog issues a system reset. The COP reset
causes the RCM's SRS0[WDOG] bit to set.
6.2.2.4 Low leakage wakeup (LLWU)
The LLWU module provides the means for a number of external pins, the RESET pin,
and a number of internal peripherals to wake the MCU from low leakage power modes.
The LLWU module is functional only in low leakage power modes.
• In LLS mode, only the RESET pin via the LLWU can generate a system reset.
• In VLLSx modes, all enabled inputs to the LLWU can generate a system reset.
After a system reset, the LLWU retains the flags indicating the input source of the last
wakeup until the user clears them.
NOTE
Some flags are cleared in the LLWU and some flags are
required to be cleared in the peripheral module. Refer to the
individual peripheral chapters for more information.
6.2.2.5 Multipurpose clock generator loss-of-clock (LOC)
The MCG module supports an external reference clock.
If the C6[CME] bit in the MCG module is set, the clock monitor is enabled. If the
external reference falls below floc_low or floc_high, as controlled by the C2[RANGE] field
in the MCG module, the MCU resets. The RCM's SRS0[LOC] bit is set to indicate this
reset source.
NOTE
To prevent unexpected loss of clock reset events, all clock
monitors should be disabled before entering any low power
modes, including VLPR and VLPW.
Reset
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6.2.2.6 Stop mode acknowledge error (SACKERR)
This reset is generated if the core attempts to enter stop mode, but not all modules
acknowledge stop mode within 1025 cycles of the 1 kHz LPO clock.
A module might not acknowledge the entry to stop mode if an error condition occurs. The
error can be caused by a failure of an external clock input to a module.
6.2.2.7 Software reset (SW)
The SYSRESETREQ bit in the NVIC application interrupt and reset control register can
be set to force a software reset on the device. (See ARM's NVIC documentation for the
full description of the register fields, especially the VECTKEY field requirements.)
Setting SYSRESETREQ generates a software reset request. This reset forces a system
reset of all major components except for the debug module. A software reset causes the
RCM's SRS1[SW] bit to set.
6.2.2.8 Lockup reset (LOCKUP)
The LOCKUP gives immediate indication of seriously errant kernel software. This is the
result of the core being locked because of an unrecoverable exception following the
activation of the processor’s built in system state protection hardware.
The LOCKUP condition causes a system reset and also causes the RCM's
SRS1[LOCKUP] bit to set.
6.2.2.9 EzPort reset
The EzPort supports a system reset request via EzPort signaling. The EzPort generates a
system reset request following execution of a Reset Chip (RESET) command via the
EzPort interface. This method of reset allows the chip to boot from flash memory after it
has been programmed by an external source. The EzPort is enabled or disabled by the
EZP_CS pin.
An EzPort reset causes the RCM's SRS1[EZPT] bit to set.
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6.2.2.10 MDM-AP system reset request
Set the system reset request bit in the MDM-AP control register to initiate a system reset.
This is the primary method for resets via the JTAG/SWD interface. The system reset is
held until this bit is cleared.
Set the core hold reset bit in the MDM-AP control register to hold the core in reset as the
rest of the chip comes out of system reset.
6.2.3 MCU Resets
A variety of resets are generated by the MCU to reset different modules.
6.2.3.1 VBAT POR
The VBAT POR asserts on a VBAT POR reset source. It affects only the modules within
the VBAT power domain: RTC and VBAT Register File. These modules are not affected
by the other reset types.
6.2.3.2 POR Only
The POR Only reset asserts on the POR reset source only. It resets the PMC and System
Register File.
The POR Only reset also causes all other reset types (except VBAT POR) to occur.
6.2.3.3 Chip POR not VLLS
The Chip POR not VLLS reset asserts on POR and LVD reset sources. It resets parts of
the SMC and SIM. It also resets the LPTMR.
The Chip POR not VLLS reset also causes these resets to occur: Chip POR, Chip Reset
not VLLS, and Chip Reset (including Early Chip Reset).
6.2.3.4 Chip POR
The Chip POR asserts on POR, LVD, and VLLS Wakeup reset sources. It resets the
Reset Pin Filter registers and parts of the SIM and MCG.
The Chip POR also causes the Chip Reset (including Early Chip Reset) to occur.
Reset
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6.2.3.5 Chip Reset not VLLS
The Chip Reset not VLLS reset asserts on all reset sources except a VLLS Wakeup that
does not occur via the RESET_b pin. It resets parts of the SMC, LLWU, and other
modules that remain powered during VLLS mode.
The Chip Reset not VLLS reset also causes the Chip Reset (including Early Chip Reset)
to occur.
6.2.3.6 Early Chip Reset
The Early Chip Reset asserts on all reset sources. It resets only the flash memory module.
It negates before flash memory initialization begins ("earlier" than when the Chip Reset
negates).
6.2.3.7 Chip Reset
Chip Reset asserts on all reset sources and only negates after flash initialization has
completed and the RESET_b pin has also negated. It resets the remaining modules (the
modules not reset by other reset types).
6.2.4 Reset Pin
For all reset sources except a VLLS Wakeup that does not occur via the RESET pin, the
RESET pin is driven low by the MCU for at least 128 bus clock cycles and until flash
initialization has completed.
After flash initialization has completed, the RESET pin is released, and the internal Chip
Reset negates after the RESET pin is pulled high. Keeping the RESET pin asserted
externally delays the negation of the internal Chip Reset.
6.2.5 Debug resets
The following sections detail the debug resets available on the device.
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6.2.5.1 JTAG reset
The JTAG module generate a system reset when certain IR codes are selected. This
functional reset is asserted when EzPort, EXTEST, HIGHZ and CLAMP instructions are
active. The reset source from the JTAG module is released when any other IR code is
selected. A JTAG reset causes the RCM's SRS1[JTAG] bit to set.
6.2.5.2 nTRST reset
The nTRST pin causes a reset of the JTAG logic when asserted. Asserting the nTRST pin
allows the debugger to gain control of the TAP controller state machine (after exiting
LLS or VLLSx) without resetting the state of the debug modules.
The nTRST pin does not cause a system reset.
6.2.5.3 Resetting the Debug subsystem
Use the CDBGRSTREQ bit within the SWJ-DP CTRL/STAT register to reset the debug
modules. However, as explained below, using the CDBGRSTREQ bit does not reset all
debug-related registers.
CDBGRSTREQ resets the debug-related registers within the following modules:
• SWJ-DP
• AHB-AP
• TPIU
• MDM-AP (MDM control and status registers)
CDBGRSTREQ does not reset the debug-related registers within the following modules:
• CM4 core (core debug registers: DHCSR, DCRSR, DCRDR, DEMCR)
• FPB
• DWT
• ITM
• NVIC
• Crossbar bus switch1
• AHB-AP1
• Private peripheral bus1
1. CDBGRSTREQ does not affect AHB resources so that debug resources on the private peripheral bus are available
during System Reset.
Reset
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6.3 Boot
This section describes the boot sequence, including sources and options.
6.3.1 Boot sources
This device only supports booting from internal flash. Any secondary boot must go
through an initialization sequence in flash.
6.3.2 Boot options
The device's functional mode is controlled by the state of the EzPort chip select
(EZP_CS) pin during reset.
The device can be in single chip (default) or serial flash programming mode (EzPort).
While in single chip mode the device can be in run or various low power modes
mentioned in Power mode transitions.
Table 6-2. Mode select decoding
EzPort chip select (EZP_CS) Description
0 Serial flash programming mode (EzPort)
1 Single chip (default)
6.3.3 FOPT boot options
The flash option register (FOPT) in the flash memory module allows the user to
customize the operation of the MCU at boot time. The register contains read-only bits
that are loaded from the NVM's option byte in the flash configuration field. The user can
reprogram the option byte in flash to change the FOPT values that are used for
subsequent resets. For more details on programming the option byte, refer to the flash
memory chapter.
The MCU uses the FOPT register bits to configure the device at reset as shown in the
following table.
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NOTE
Reserved bits in the option byte should be left in their default
erased state of logic 1. FOPT[7:0] = 0x00 is not a valid
configuration. FOPT register is written to 0xFF if the contents
of NVM's option byte in the flash configuration field is 0x00.
Table 6-3. Flash Option Register Bit Definitions
Bit
Num
Field Value Definition
7-6 Reserved Reserved for future expansion.
5 FAST_INIT Select initialization speed on POR, VLLSx, and any system reset.
0 Slower initialization. The Flash initialization will be slower with the benefit of
reduced average current during this time. The duration of the recovery will be
controlled by the clock divider selection determined by the LPBOOT setting.
1 Fast Initialization.The Flash has faster recoveries at the expense of higher current
during these times.
4-3 Reserved Reserved for future expansion.
2 NMI_DIS Enable/disable control for the NMI function.
0 NMI interrupts are always blocked. The associated pin continues to default to NMI
pin controls with internal pullup enabled.
1 NMI pin/interrupts reset default to enabled.
1 EZPORT_DIS Enable/disable EzPort function.
0 EzPort operation is disabled. The device always boots to normal CPU execution
and the state of EZP_CS signal during reset is ignored. This option avoids
inadvertent resets into EzPort mode if the EZP_CS/NMI pin is used for its NMI
function.
1 EzPort operation is enabled. The state of EZP_CS pin during reset determines if
device enters EzPort mode.
0 LPBOOT Control the reset value of OUTDIVx values in SIM_CLKDIV1 register. Larger divide value
selections produce lower average power consumption during POR, VLLSx recoveries and
reset sequencing and after reset exit. The recovery times are also extended if the
FAST_INIT option is not selected.
0 Low-power boot: OUTDIVx values in SIM_CLKDIV1 register are auto-configured at
reset exit for higher divide values that produce lower power consumption at reset
exit.
• Core and system clock divider (OUTDIV1) and bus clock divider (OUTDIV2)
are 0x7 (divide by 8)
• Flash clock divider (OUTDIV4)is 0xF (divide by 16)
1 Normal boot: OUTDIVx values in SIM_CLKDIV1 register are auto-configured at
reset exit for higher frequency values that produce faster operating frequencies at
reset exit.
• Core and system clock divider (OUTDIV1) and bus clock divider (OUTDIV2)
are 0x0 (divide by 1)
• Flash clock divider (OUTDIV4)is 0x1 (divide by 2)
Boot
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6.3.4 Boot sequence
At power up, the on-chip regulator holds the system in a POR state until the input supply
is above the POR threshold. The system continues to be held in this static state until the
internally regulated supplies have reached a safe operating voltage as determined by the
LVD. The Mode Controller reset logic then controls a sequence to exit reset.
1. A system reset is held on internal logic, the RESET pin is driven out low, and the
MCG is enabled in its default clocking mode.
2. Required clocks are enabled (Core Clock, System Clock, Flash Clock, and any Bus
Clocks that do not have clock gate control reset to disabled).
3. The system reset on internal logic continues to be held, but the Flash Controller is
released from reset and begins initialization operation while the Reset Control logic
continues to drive the RESET pin out low.
4. Early in reset sequencing the NVM option byte is read and stored to the Flash
Memory module's FOPT register. If the LPBOOT is programmed for an alternate
clock divider reset value, the system/core clock is switched to a slower clock speed.
If the FAST_INIT bit is programmed clear, the Flash initialization switches to slower
clock resulting longer recovery times.
5. When Flash Initialization completes, the RESET pin is released. If RESET continues
to be asserted (an indication of a slow rise time on the RESET pin or external drive
in low), the system continues to be held in reset. Once the RESET pin is detected
high, the Core clock is enabled and the system is released from reset. EzPort mode is
selected instead of the normal CPU execution if EZP_CS is low when the internal
reset is deasserted. EzPort mode can be disabled by programming the
FOPT[EZPORT_DIS] field in the Flash Memory module.
6. When the system exits reset, the processor sets up the stack, program counter (PC),
and link register (LR). The processor reads the start SP (SP_main) from vector-table
offset 0. The core reads the start PC from vector-table offset 4. LR is set to
0xFFFF_FFFF. What happens next depends on the NMI input and the
FOPT[NMI_DIS] field in the Flash Memory module:
• If the NMI input is high or the NMI function is disabled in the NMI_DIS field,
the CPU begins execution at the PC location.
• If the NMI input is low and the NMI function is enabled in the NMI_DIS field,
this results in an NMI interrupt. The processor executes an Exception Entry and
reads the NMI interrupt handler address from vector-table offset 8. The CPU
begins execution at the NMI interrupt handler.
Subsequent system resets follow this same reset flow.
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Chapter 7
Power Management
7.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the various chip power modes and functionality of the individual
modules in these modes.
7.2 Clocking modes
Information found here describes the various clocking modes supported on this device.
7.2.1 Partial Stop
Partial Stop is a clocking option that can be taken instead of entering Stop mode and is
configured in the SMC Stop Control Register (SMC_STOPCTRL). The Stop mode is
only partially entered, which leaves some additional functionality alive at the expense of
higher power consumption. Partial Stop can be entered from either Run mode or VLP
Run mode.
When configured for PSTOP2, only the core and system clocks are gated and the bus
clock remains active. The bus masters and bus slaves clocked by the system clock enter
Stop mode, but the bus slaves clocked by bus clock remain in Run (or VLP Run) mode.
The clock generators in the MCG and the on-chip regulator in the PMC also remain in
Run (or VLP Run) mode. Exit from PSTOP2 can be initiated by a reset, an asynchronous
interrupt from a bus master or bus slave clocked by the system clock, or a synchronous
interrupt from a bus slave clocked by the bus clock. If configured, a DMA request (using
the asynchronous DMA wakeup) can also be used to exit Partial Stop for the duration of a
DMA transfer before the device is transitioned back into PSTOP2.
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When configured for PSTOP1, both the system clock and bus clock are gated. All bus
masters and bus slaves enter Stop mode, but the clock generators in the MCG and the on-
chip regulator in the PMC remain in Run (or VLP Run) mode. Exit from PSTOP1 can be
initiated by a reset or an asynchronous interrupt from a bus master or bus slave. If
configured, an asynchronous DMA request can also be used to exit Partial Stop for the
duration of a DMA transfer before the device is transitioned back into PSTOP1.
PSTOP1 is functionally similar to Stop mode, but offers faster wake-up at the expense of
higher power consumption. Another benefit is that it keeps all of the MCG clocks
enabled, which can be useful for some of the asynchronous peripherals that can remain
functional in Stop modes.
7.2.2 DMA Wakeup
The DMA can be configured to wake the device on a DMA request whenever it is placed
in Stop mode. The wake-up is configured per DMA channel and is supported in Compute
Operation, PSTOP, STOP, and VLPS low power modes.
When a DMA wake-up is detected in PSTOP, STOP or VLPS then the device will initiate
a normal exit from the low power mode. This can include restoring the on-chip regulator
and internal power switches, enabling the clock generators in the MCG, enabling the
system and bus clocks (but not the core clock) and negating the stop mode signal to the
bus masters and bus slaves. The only difference is that the CPU will remain in the low
power mode with the CPU clock disabled.
During Compute Operation, a DMA wake-up will initiate a normal exit from Compute
Operation. This includes enabling the clocks and negating the stop mode signal to the bus
masters and bus slaves. The core clock always remains enabled during Compute
Operation.
Since the DMA wakeup will enable the clocks and negate the stop mode signals to all bus
masters and slaves, software needs to ensure that bus masters and slaves that are not
involved with the DMA wake-up and transfer remain in a known state. That can be
accomplished by disabling the modules before entry into the low power mode or by
setting the Doze enable bit in selected modules.
Once the DMA request that initiated the wake-up negates and the DMA completes the
current transfer, the device will transition back to the original low-power mode. This
includes requesting all non-CPU bus masters to enter Stop mode and then requesting bus
slaves to enter Stop mode. In STOP and VLPS modes, MCG and PMC would then also
enter their appropriate modes.
Clocking modes
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NOTE
If the requested DMA transfer cannot cause the DMA request
to negate, then the device will remain in a higher power state
until the low power mode is fully exited.
An enabled DMA wake-up can cause an aborted entry into the low power mode, if the
DMA request asserts during the stop mode entry sequence (or reentry if the request
asserts during a DMA wakeup) and can cause the SMC to assert its Stop Abort flag. Once
the DMA wake-up completes, entry into the low power mode will restart.
An interrupt that occurs during a DMA wake-up will cause an immediate exit from the
low power mode (this is optional for Compute Operation) without impacting the DMA
transfer.
A DMA wake-up can be generated by either a synchronous DMA request or an
asynchronous DMA request. Not all peripherals can generate an asynchronous DMA
request in stop modes, although in general if a peripheral can generate synchronous DMA
requests and also supports asynchronous interrupts in stop modes, then it can generate an
asynchronous DMA request.
7.2.3 Compute Operation
Compute Operation is an execution or compute-only mode of operation that keeps the
CPU enabled with full access to the SRAM and Flash read port, but places all other bus
masters and bus slaves into their stop mode. Compute Operation can be enabled in Run
mode, HSRUN mode, or VLP Run mode.
NOTE
Do not enter any stop mode without first exiting Compute
Operation.
Because Compute Operation reuses the stop mode logic (including the staged entry with
bus masters disabled before bus slaves), any bus master or bus slave that can remain
functional in stop mode also remains functional in Compute Operation, including
generation of asynchronous interrupts and DMA requests. When enabling Compute
Operation in Run mode, module functionality for bus masters and slaves is the equivalent
of STOP mode. When enabling Compute Operation in VLP Run mode, module
functionality for bus masters and slaves is the equivalent of VLPS mode. The MCG,
PMC, SRAM and Flash read port are not affected by Compute Operation, although the
Flash register interface is disabled.
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During Compute Operation, the AIPS peripheral space is disabled and attempted accesses
generate bus errors. The private peripheral bus (PPB) remains accessible during Compute
Operation, including the MCM, System Control Space (SCS) (for NVIC and FPU), and
SysTick. Although access to the GPIO registers is supported, the GPIO port data input
registers do not return valid data since clocks are disabled to the Port Control and
Interrupt modules. By writing to the GPIO port data output registers, it is possible to
control those GPIO ports that are configured as output pins.
Compute Operation is controlled by the CPO register in the MCM, which is only
accessible to the CPU. Setting or clearing the CPOREQ bit in the MCM initiates entry or
exit into Compute Operation. Compute Operation can also be configured to exit
automatically on detection of an interrupt, which is required in order to service most
interrupts. Only the core system interrupts (exceptions, including NMI and SysTick) and
any edge sensitive interrupts can be serviced without exiting Compute Operation.
When entering Compute Operation, the CPOACK status bit indicates when entry has
completed. When exiting Compute Operation in Run mode, the CPOACK status bit
negates immediately. When exiting Compute Operation in VLP Run mode, the exit is
delayed to allow the PMC to handle the change in power consumption. This delay means
the CPOACK bit is polled to determine when the AIPS peripheral space can be accessed
without generating a bus error.
The DMA wakeup is also supported during Compute Operation and causes the CPOACK
status bit to clear and the AIPS peripheral space to be accessible for the duration of the
DMA wakeup. At the completion of the DMA wakeup, the device transitions back into
Compute Operation.
7.2.4 Peripheral Doze
Several peripherals support a Peripheral Doze mode, where a register bit can be used to
disable the peripheral for the duration of a low-power mode. The flash memory can also
be placed in a low-power state during Peripheral Doze via a register bit in the SIM.
Peripheral Doze is defined to include all of the modes of operation listed below.
• The CPU is in Wait mode.
• The CPU is in Stop mode, including the entry sequence and for the duration of a
DMA wakeup.
• The CPU is in Compute Operation, including the entry sequence and for the duration
of a DMA wakeup.
Clocking modes
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Peripheral Doze can therefore be used to disable selected bus masters or slaves for the
duration of WAIT or VLPW mode. It can also be used to disable selected bus slaves
immediately on entry into any stop mode (or Compute Operation), instead of waiting for
the bus masters to acknowledge the entry as part of the stop entry sequence. Finally, it
can be used to disable selected bus masters or slaves that should remain inactive during a
DMA wakeup.
If the flash memory is not being accessed during WAIT and PSTOP modes, then the
Flash Doze mode can be used to reduce power consumption, at the expense of a slightly
longer wake-up when executing code and vectors from flash. It can also be used to reduce
power consumption during Compute Operation when executing code and vectors from
SRAM.
7.2.5 Clock Gating
To conserve power, the clocks to most modules can be turned off using the SCGCx
registers in the SIM module. These bits are cleared after any reset, which disables the
clock to the corresponding module. Prior to initializing a module, set the corresponding
bit in the SCGCx register to enable the clock. Before turning off the clock, make sure to
disable the module. For more details, refer to the clock distribution and SIM chapters.
7.3 Power Modes Description
The power management controller (PMC) provides multiple power options to allow the
user to optimize power consumption for the level of functionality needed.
Depending on the stop requirements of the user application, a variety of stop modes are
available that provide state retention, partial power down or full power down of certain
logic and/or memory. I/O states are held in all modes of operation. The following table
compares the various power modes available.
For Run and VLPR mode there is a corresponding wait and stop mode. Wait modes are
similar to ARM sleep modes. Stop modes (VLPS, STOP) are similar to ARM sleep deep
mode. The very low power run (VLPR) operating mode can drastically reduce runtime
power when the maximum bus frequency is not required to handle the application needs.
Stop mode entry is not supported directly from HSRUN and requires transition to Run
prior to an attempt to enter a stop mode.
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The three primary modes of operation are run, wait and stop. The WFI instruction
invokes both wait and stop modes for the chip. The primary modes are augmented in a
number of ways to provide lower power based on application needs.
Table 7-1. Chip power modes
Chip mode Description Core mode Normal
recovery
method
Normal run Default mode out of reset; on-chip voltage regulator is on. Run -
High Speed run Allows maximum performance of chip. In this state, the MCU is able to
operate at a faster frequency compared to normal run mode.
Run -
Normal Wait -
via WFI
Allows peripherals to function while the core is in sleep mode, reducing
power. NVIC remains sensitive to interrupts; peripherals continue to be
clocked.
Sleep Interrupt
Normal Stop -
via WFI
Places chip in static state. Lowest power mode that retains all registers
while maintaining LVD protection. NVIC is disabled; AWIC is used to
wake up from interrupt; peripheral clocks are stopped.
Sleep Deep Interrupt
VLPR (Very Low
Power Run)
On-chip voltage regulator is in a low power mode that supplies only
enough power to run the chip at a reduced frequency. Reduced
frequency Flash access mode (1 MHz); LVD off; internal oscillator
provides a low power 4 MHz source for the core, the bus and the
peripheral clocks.
Run -
VLPW (Very
Low Power
Wait) -via WFI
Same as VLPR but with the core in sleep mode to further reduce
power; NVIC remains sensitive to interrupts (FCLK = ON). On-chip
voltage regulator is in a low power mode that supplies only enough
power to run the chip at a reduced frequency.
Sleep Interrupt
VLPS (Very Low
Power Stop)-via
WFI
Places chip in static state with LVD operation off. Lowest power mode
with ADC and pin interrupts functional. Peripheral clocks are stopped,
but LPTimer, RTC, CMP, DAC can be used. NVIC is disabled (FCLK =
OFF); AWIC is used to wake up from interrupt. On-chip voltage
regulator is in a low power mode that supplies only enough power to
run the chip at a reduced frequency. All SRAM is operating (content
retained and I/O states held).
Sleep Deep Interrupt
LLS3 (Low
Leakage Stop3)
State retention power mode. Most peripherals are in state retention
mode (with clocks stopped), but LLWU, LPTimer, RTC, CMP, DAC can
be used. NVIC is disabled; LLWU is used to wake up.
NOTE: The LLWU interrupt must not be masked by the interrupt
controller to avoid a scenario where the system does not fully
exit stop mode on an LLS recovery.
All SRAM is operating (content retained and I/O states held).
Sleep Deep Wakeup
Interrupt1
LLS2 (Low
Leakage Stop2)
State retention power mode. Most peripherals are in state retention
mode (with clocks stopped), but LLWU, LPTimer, RTC, CMP, DAC can
be used. NVIC is disabled; LLWU is used to wake up.
NOTE: The LLWU interrupt must not be masked by the interrupt
controller to avoid a scenario where the system does not fully
exit stop mode on an LLS recovery.
A portion of SRAM_U remains powered on (content retained and I/O
states held).
Sleep Deep Wakeup
Interrupt1
VLLS3 (Very
Low Leakage
Stop3)
Most peripherals are disabled (with clocks stopped), but LLWU,
LPTimer, RTC, CMP, DAC can be used. NVIC is disabled; LLWU is
used to wake up.
Sleep Deep Wakeup Reset2
Table continues on the next page...
Power Modes Description
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Table 7-1. Chip power modes (continued)
Chip mode Description Core mode Normal
recovery
method
SRAM_U and SRAM_L remain powered on (content retained and I/O
states held).
VLLS2 (Very
Low Leakage
Stop2)
Most peripherals are disabled (with clocks stopped), but LLWU,
LPTimer, RTC, CMP, DAC can be used. NVIC is disabled; LLWU is
used to wake up.
SRAM_L is powered off. A portion of SRAM_U remains powered on
(content retained and I/O states held).
Sleep Deep Wakeup Reset2
VLLS1 (Very
Low Leakage
Stop1)
Most peripherals are disabled (with clocks stopped), but LLWU,
LPTimer, RTC, CMP, DAC can be used. NVIC is disabled; LLWU is
used to wake up.
All of SRAM_U and SRAM_L are powered off. The 32-byte system
register file and 32-byte VBAT register file remain powered for
customer-critical data.
Sleep Deep Wakeup Reset2
VLLS0 (Very
Low Leakage
Stop 0)
Most peripherals are disabled (with clocks stopped), but LLWU and
RTC can be used. NVIC is disabled; LLWU is used to wake up.
All of SRAM_U and SRAM_L are powered off. The 32-byte system
register file and 32-byte VBAT register file remain powered for
customer-critical data.
The POR detect circuit can be optionally powered off.
Sleep Deep Wakeup Reset2
BAT (backup
battery only)
The chip is powered down except for the VBAT supply. The RTC and
the 32-byte VBAT register file for customer-critical data remain
powered.
Off Power-up
Sequence
1. Resumes normal run mode operation by executing the LLWU interrupt service routine.
2. Follows the reset flow with the LLWU interrupt flag set for the NVIC.
7.4 Entering and exiting power modes
The WFI instruction invokes wait and stop modes for the chip. The processor exits the
low-power mode via an interrupt. The Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)
describes interrupt operation and what peripherals can cause interrupts.
NOTE
The WFE instruction can have the side effect of entering a low-
power mode, but that is not its intended usage. See ARM
documentation for more on the WFE instruction.
Recovery from VLLSx is through the wake-up Reset event. The chip wake-ups from
VLLSx by means of reset, an enabled pin or enabled module. See the table "LLWU
inputs" in the LLWU configuration section for a list of the sources.
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The wake-up flow from VLLSx is through reset. The wakeup bit in the SRS registers in
the RCM is set indicating that the chip is recovering from a low power mode. Code
execution begins; however, the I/O pins are held in their pre low power mode entry
states, and the system oscillator and MCG registers are reset (even if EREFSTEN had
been set before entering VLLSx). Software must clear this hold by writing a 1 to the
ACKISO bit in the Regulator Status and Control Register in the PMC module.
NOTE
To avoid unwanted transitions on the pins, software must re-
initialize the I/O pins to their pre-low-power mode entry states
before releasing the hold.
If the oscillator was configured to continue running during VLLSx modes, it must be re-
configured before the ACKISO bit is cleared. The oscillator configuration within the
MCG is cleared after VLLSx recovery and the oscillator will stop when ACKISO is
cleared unless the register is re-configured.
7.5 Power mode transitions
The following figure shows the power mode transitions. Any reset always brings the chip
back to the normal run state. In run, wait, and stop modes active power regulation is
enabled. The VLPx modes offer a lower power operating mode than normal modes.
VLPR and VLPW are limited in frequency. The LLS and VLLSx mode(s) are the lowest
power stop modes based on amount of logic or memory that is required to be retained by
the application.
Power mode transitions
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WAIT
STOP
RUN
LLS VLLS
VLPS
VLPR
VLPW
Any RESET
HSRUN
4
6
7
3
1
2
8
10
11
9
5
12
Figure 7-1. Power mode state transition diagram
7.6 Power modes shutdown sequencing
When entering stop or other low-power modes, the clocks are shut off in an orderly
sequence to safely place the chip in the targeted low-power state. All low-power entry
sequences are initiated by the core executing an WFI instruction. The ARM core's
outputs, SLEEPDEEP and SLEEPING, trigger entry to the various low-power modes:
• System level wait and VLPW modes equate to: SLEEPING & SLEEPDEEP
• All other low power modes equate to: SLEEPING & SLEEPDEEP
When entering the non-wait modes, the chip performs the following sequence:
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• Shuts off Core Clock and System Clock to the ARM Cortex-M4 core immediately.
• Polls stop acknowledge indications from the non-core crossbar masters (DMA),
supporting peripherals (SPI, PIT) and the Flash Controller for indications that System
Clocks, Bus Clock and/or Flash Clock need to be left enabled to complete a
previously initiated operation, effectively stalling entry to the targeted low power
mode. When all acknowledges are detected, System Clock, Bus Clock and Flash
Clock are turned off at the same time.
• MCG and Mode Controller shut off clock sources and/or the internal supplies driven
from the on-chip regulator as defined for the targeted low power mode.
In wait modes, most of the system clocks are not affected by the low power mode entry.
The Core Clock to the ARM Cortex-M4 core is shut off. Some modules support stop-in-
wait functionality and have their clocks disabled under these configurations.
The debugger modules support a transition from stop, wait, VLPS, and VLPW back to a
halted state when the debugger is enabled. This transition is initiated by setting the Debug
Request bit in MDM-AP control register. As part of this transition, system clocking is re-
established and is equivalent to normal run/VLPR mode clocking configuration.
7.7 Flash Program Restrictions
The flash memory on this device should not be programmed or erased while operating in
High Speed Run or VLPR power modes.
7.8 Module Operation in Low Power Modes
The following table illustrates the functionality of each module while the chip is in each
of the low power modes. The standard behavior is shown with some exceptions for
Compute Operation (CPO) and Partial Stop2 (PSTOP2).
(Debug modules are discussed separately; see Debug in Low Power Modes.) Number
ratings (such as 2 MHz and 1 Mbit/s) represent the maximum frequencies or maximum
data rates per mode. Also, these terms are used:
• FF = Full functionality. In VLPR and VLPW the system frequency is limited, but if a
module does not have a limitation in its functionality, it is still listed as FF.
• Async operation = Fully functional with alternate clock source, provided the selected
clock source remains enabled
• static = Module register states and associated memories are retained.
• powered = Memory is powered to retain contents.
• low power = Memory is powered to retain contents in a lower power state
Flash Program Restrictions
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• OFF = Modules are powered off; module is in reset state upon wakeup. For clocks,
OFF means disabled.
• wakeup = Modules can serve as a wakeup source for the chip.
Table 7-2. Module operation in low power modes
Modules VLPR VLPW Stop VLPS LLSx VLLSx
Core modules
NVIC FF FF static static static OFF
System modules
Mode Controller FF FF FF FF FF FF
LLWU1static static static static FF FF2
Regulator low power low power ON low power low power low power in
VLLS2/3, OFF in
VLLS0/1
LVD disabled disabled ON disabled disabled disabled
Brown-out
Detection
ON ON ON ON ON ON in
VLLS1/2/3,
optionally
disabled in
VLLS03
DMA FF
Async operation
in CPO
FF Async operation Async operation static OFF
Watchdog FF FF FF FF static OFF
EWM FF
static in CPO
static static
FF in PSTOP2
static static OFF
Clocks
1kHz LPO ON ON ON ON ON ON in
VLLS1/2/3, OFF
in VLLS0
System
oscillator (OSC)
OSCERCLK
max of 16 MHz
crystal
OSCERCLK
max of 16 MHz
crystal
OSCERCLK
optional
OSCERCLK
max of 16 MHz
crystal
limited to low
range/low power
limited to low
range/low power
in VLLS1/2/3,
OFF in VLLS0
MCG 4 MHz IRC 4 MHz IRC static -
MCGIRCLK
optional
static -
MCGIRCLK
optional (4 MHz
IRC only).
static - no clock
output
OFF
Core clock 4 MHz max OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
Platform clock 4 MHz max 4 MHz max OFF OFF OFF OFF
System clock 4 MHz max
OFF in CPO
4 MHz max OFF OFF OFF OFF
Bus clock 4 MHz max
OFF in CPO
4 MHz max OFF
50 MHz max in
PSTOP2 from
RUN
OFF OFF OFF
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 7 Power Management
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NXP Semiconductors 183
Table 7-2. Module operation in low power modes (continued)
Modules VLPR VLPW Stop VLPS LLSx VLLSx
4 MHz max in
PSTOP2 from
VLPR
Memory and memory interfaces
Flash 1 MHz max
access - no
program/erase
No register
access in CPO
low power low power low power OFF OFF
System RAM
(SRAM_U and
SRAM_L) 4
low power low power low power low power low power in
LLS3, partial in
LLS2
low power in
VLLS3, partial in
VLLS2;
otherwise OFF
VBAT Register
file5powered powered powered powered powered powered
System Register
files
powered powered powered powered powered powered
EzPort disabled disabled disabled disabled disabled disabled
Communication interfaces
USB FS/LS static, wakeup
on resume
static, wakeup
on resume
static, wakeup
on resume
static, wakeup
on resume
static OFF
UART0, UART1 250 kbit/s
static, wakeup
on edge in CPO
250 kbit/s static, wakeup
on edge
static, wakeup
on edge
static OFF
UART2 250kbit/s
static, wakeup
on edge in CPO
250 kbit/s static, wakeup
on edge
FF in PSTOP2
static, wakeup
on edge
static OFF
LPUART0 4 Mbps
Async operation
in CPO
4 Mbps Async operation
FF in PSTOP2
Async operation static OFF
SPI 1 Mbit/s (slave)
2 Mbit/s
(master)
static in CPO
1 Mbit/s (slave)
2 Mbit/s
(master)
static
FF in PSTOP2
static static OFF
I2C 200 kbit/s
static, address
match wakeup
in CPO
200 kbit/s static, address
match wakeup
FF in PSTOP2
static, address
match wakeup
static OFF
I2S FF
Async operation
in CPO
FF Async operation
with external
clock6
FF in PSTOP2
FF with external
clock6static OFF
Security
CRC FF FF static static static OFF
Table continues on the next page...
Module Operation in Low Power Modes
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Table 7-2. Module operation in low power modes (continued)
Modules VLPR VLPW Stop VLPS LLSx VLLSx
static in CPO
Timers
FTM FF
static in CPO
FF static
FF in PSTOP2
static static OFF
PIT FF
static in CPO
FF static
FF in PSTOP2
static static OFF
PDB FF
static in CPO
FF static
FF in PSTOP2
static static OFF
LPTMR FF FF Async operation
FF in PSTOP2
Async operation Async operation Async
operation7
RTC - 32kHz
OSC5FF
Async operation
in CPO
FF Async operation
FF in PSTOP2
Async operation Async
operation8Async
operation8
Analog
16-bit ADC FF
ADACK and
ALTCLK clocks
only in CPO
FF ADACK,
ALTCLK, and
ALTCLK2 clocks
only
FF in PSTOP2
ADACK and
ALTCLK clocks
only
static OFF
CMP9FF
HS or LS
compare in CPO
FF HS or LS
compare
FF in PSTOP2
HS or LS
compare
LS compare LS compare in
VLLS1/2/3, OFF
in VLLS0
6-bit DAC FF
static in CPO
FF static
FF in PSTOP2
static static static, OFF in
VLLS0
VREF FF FF FF FF static OFF
12-bit DAC FF
static in CPO
FF static
FF in PSTOP2
static static static
Human-machine interfaces
GPIO FF
GPIO write only
in CPO
FF static output,
wakeup input
FF in PSTOP2
static output,
wakeup input
static, pins
latched
OFF, pins
latched
1. Using the LLWU module, the external pins available for this chip do not require the associated peripheral function to be
enabled. It only requires the function controlling the pin (GPIO or peripheral) to be configured as an input to allow a
transition to occur to the LLWU.
2. Since LPO clock source is disabled, filters will be bypassed during VLLS0
3. The SMC_STOPCTRL[PORPO] bit in the SMC module controls this option.
4. A 8 KB portion of SRAM_U block is in low power when MCU is in low power modes LLS2 and VLLS2. The remaining
System RAM is OFF in LLS2 and VLLS2.
5. These components remain powered in BAT power mode.
6. Use an externally generated bit clock or an externally generated audio master clock (including EXTAL).
7. System OSC and LPO clock sources are not available in VLLS0. Pulse counting is available in all modes.
8. RTC_CLKOUT is not available. CLKOUT32K can be configured as an alternate path of supplying 32 kHz.
9. CMP in stop or VLPS supports high speed or low speed external pin to pin or external pin to DAC compares. CMP in LLSx
or VLLSx only supports low speed external pin to pin or external pin to DAC compares. Windowed, sampled & filtered
modes of operation are not available while in stop, VLPS, LLSx, or VLLSx modes.
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Module Operation in Low Power Modes
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Chapter 8
Security
8.1 Introduction
This device implements security based on the mode selected from the flash module. The
following sections provide an overview of flash security and details the effects of security
on non-flash modules.
8.2 Flash Security
The flash module provides security information to the MCU based on the state held by
the FSEC[SEC] bits. The MCU, in turn, confirms the security request and limits access to
flash resources. During reset, the flash module initializes the FSEC register using data
read from the security byte of the flash configuration field.
NOTE
The security features apply only to external accesses via debug
and EzPort. CPU accesses to the flash are not affected by the
status of FSEC.
In the unsecured state all flash commands are available to the programming interfaces
(JTAG and EzPort), as well as user code execution of Flash Controller commands. When
the flash is secured (FSEC[SEC] = 00, 01, or 11), programmer interfaces are only
allowed to launch mass erase operations and have no access to memory locations.
Further information regarding the flash security options and enabling/disabling flash
security is available in the Flash Memory Module.
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8.3 Security Interactions with other Modules
The flash security settings are used by the SoC to determine what resources are available.
The following sections describe the interactions between modules and the flash security
settings or the impact that the flash security has on non-flash modules.
8.3.1 Security Interactions with EzPort
When flash security is active the MCU can still boot in EzPort mode. The EzPort holds
the flash logic in NVM special mode and thus limits flash operation when flash security
is active. While in EzPort mode and security is active, flash bulk erase (BE) can still be
executed. The write FCCOB registers (WRFCCOB) command is limited to the mass
erase (Erase All Blocks) and verify all 1s (Read 1s All Blocks) commands. Read accesses
to internal memories via the EzPort are blocked when security is enabled.
The mass erase can be used to disable flash security, but all of the flash contents are lost
in the process. A mass erase via the EzPort is allowed even when some memory locations
are protected.
When mass erase has been disabled, mass erase via the EzPort is blocked and cannot be
defeated.
8.3.2 Security Interactions with Debug
When flash security is active the JTAG port cannot access the memory resources of the
MCU. Boundary scan chain operations work, but debugging capabilities are disabled so
that the debug port cannot read flash contents.
Although most debug functions are disabled, the debugger can write to the Flash Mass
Erase in Progress bit in the MDM-AP Control register to trigger a mass erase (Erase All
Blocks) command. A mass erase via the debugger is allowed even when some memory
locations are protected.
When mass erase is disabled, mass erase via the debugger is blocked.
Security Interactions with other Modules
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Chapter 9
Debug
9.1 Introduction
This device's debug is based on the ARM coresight architecture and is configured in each
device to provide the maximum flexibility as allowed by the restrictions of the pinout and
other available resources.
Four debug interfaces are supported:
• IEEE 1149.1 JTAG
• IEEE 1149.7 JTAG (cJTAG)
• Serial Wire Debug (SWD)
• ARM Real-Time Trace Interface(1-pin asynchronous mode only)
The basic Cortex-M4 debug architecture is very flexible. The following diagram shows
the topology of the core debug architecture and its components.
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NXP Semiconductors 189
Private Peripheral Bus
(internal)
ITM
TPIU
Core
FPB
AHB-AP
NVIC
SWJ-DP
Bus
Matrix
APB
i/f
Trace port
(serial wire
or multi-pin)
Cortex-M4
SW/
JTAG
Debug
Sleep
Interrupts
INTNMI
SLEEPING
SLEEPDEEP
INTISR[239:0]
AWIC
ROM
Table
Instr. Data
MCM
I-code bus
D-code bus
System bus
Code bus
MDM-AP
DWT
Figure 9-1. Cortex-M4 Debug Topology
The following table presents a brief description of each one of the debug components.
Table 9-1. Debug Components Description
Module Description
SWJ-DP+ cJTAG Modified Debug Port with support for SWD, JTAG, cJTAG
AHB-AP AHB Master Interface from JTAG to debug module and SOC
system memory maps
MDM-AP Provides centralized control and status registers for an
external debugger to control the device.
ROM Table Identifies which debug IP is available.
Core Debug Singlestep, Register Access, Run, Core Status
ITM S/W Instrumentation Messaging + Simple Data Trace
Messaging + Watchpoint Messaging
DWT (Data and Address Watchpoints) 4 data and address watchpoints
FPB (Flash Patch and Breakpoints) The FPB implements hardware breakpoints and patches code
and data from code space to system space.
The FPB unit contains two literal comparators for matching
against literal loads from Code space, and remapping to a
corresponding area in System space.
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 9-1. Debug Components Description (continued)
Module Description
The FPB also contains six instruction comparators for
matching against instruction fetches from Code space, and
remapping to a corresponding area in System space.
Alternatively, the six instruction comparators can individually
configure the comparators to return a Breakpoint Instruction
(BKPT) to the processor core on a match, so providing
hardware breakpoint capability.
TPIU (Trace Port Inteface Unit) Asynchronous Mode (1-pin) = TRACE_SWO (available on
JTAG_TDO)
9.1.1 References
For more information on ARM debug components, see these documents:
• ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual
• ARM Debug Interface v5.1
• ARM CoreSight Architecture Specification
9.2 The Debug Port
The configuration of the cJTAG module, JTAG controller, and debug port is illustrated in
the following figure:
Chapter 9 Debug
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NXP Semiconductors 191
CJTAG
DAP Bus
TDO
TRACESWO
TDO
TDI
TCK
TDI
nSYS_TRST
nSYS_TDO
nSYS_TDI
nSYS_TCK
nSYS_TMS
nTRST
TCK
TMS_OUT
TMS_IN
TMS_OUT_OE
TMS
TDO
TDI
SWCLKTCK
SWDITMS
SWDO
SWDOEN
SWD/ JTAG
SELECT
SWCLKTCK
SWDITMS
JTAGSEL
SWDSEL
4’b1111 or 4’b0000
TDI TDO PEN
JTAGNSW
JTAGC
TDO
TDI
nTRST
TCK
TMS
jtag_updateinstr[3:0]
4’b1111 or 4’b1110
JTAGir[3:0]
IR==BYPASS or IDCODE
IR==BYPASS or IDCODE
A
A
(1’b0 = 2-pin cJTAG)
(1’b1 = 4-pin JTAG)
To Test
Resources
1’b1
MDM-AP
AHB-AP
Figure 9-2. Modified Debug Port
The debug port comes out of reset in standard JTAG mode and is switched into either
cJTAG or SWD mode by the following sequences. Once the mode has been changed,
unused debug pins can be reassigned to any of their alternative muxed functions.
9.2.1 JTAG-to-SWD change sequence
1. Send more than 50 TCK cycles with TMS (SWDIO) =1
2. Send the 16-bit sequence on TMS (SWDIO) = 0111_1001_1110_0111 (MSB
transmitted first)
3. Send more than 50 TCK cycles with TMS (SWDIO) =1
NOTE
See the ARM documentation for the CoreSight DAP Lite for
restrictions.
9.2.2 JTAG-to-cJTAG change sequence
1. Reset the debug port
The Debug Port
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2. Set the control level to 2 via zero-bit scans
3. Execute the Store Format (STFMT) command (00011) to set the scan format register
to 1149.7 scan format
9.3 Debug Port Pin Descriptions
The debug port pins default after POR to their JTAG functionality with the exception of
JTAG_TRST_b and can be later reassigned to their alternate functionalities. In cJTAG
and SWD modes JTAG_TDI and JTAG_TRST_b can be configured to alternate GPIO
functions.
Table 9-2. Debug port pins
Pin Name JTAG Debug Port cJTAG Debug Port SWD Debug Port Internal Pull-
up\Down
Type Description Type Description Type Description
JTAG_TMS/
SWD_DIO
I JTAG Test
Mode
Selection
I cJTAG Data I/O Serial Wire
Data
Pull-up
JTAG_TCLK/
SWD_CLK
I JTAG Test
Clock
I cJTAG Clock I Serial Wire
Clock
Pull-down
JTAG_TDI I JTAG Test
Data Input
- - - - Pull-up
JTAG_TDO/
TRACE_SWO
O JTAG Test
Data Output
O Trace output
over a single
pin
O Trace output
over a single
pin
N/C
JTAG_TRST_
b
I JTAG Reset I cJTAG Reset - - Pull-up
9.4 System TAP connection
The system JTAG controller is connected in parallel to the ARM TAP controller. The
system JTAG controller IR codes overlay the ARM JTAG controller IR codes without
conflict. Refer to the IR codes table for a list of the available IR codes. The output of the
TAPs (TDO) are muxed based on the IR code which is selected. This design is fully
JTAG compliant and appears to the JTAG chain as a single TAP. At power on reset,
ARM's IDCODE (IR=4'b1110) is selected.
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9.4.1 IR Codes
Table 9-3. JTAG Instructions
Instruction Code[3:0] Instruction Summary
IDCODE 0000 Selects device identification register for shift
SAMPLE/PRELOAD 0010 Selects boundary scan register for shifting, sampling, and
preloading without disturbing functional operation
SAMPLE 0011 Selects boundary scan register for shifting and sampling
without disturbing functional operation
EXTEST 0100 Selects boundary scan register while applying preloaded
values to output pins and asserting functional reset
HIGHZ 1001 Selects bypass register while three-stating all output pins and
asserting functional reset
CLAMP 1100 Selects bypass register while applying preloaded values to
output pins and asserting functional reset
EZPORT 1101 Enables the EZPORT function for the SoC and asserts
functional reset.
ARM_IDCODE 1110 ARM JTAG-DP Instruction
BYPASS 1111 Selects bypass register for data operations
Factory debug reserved 0101, 0110, 0111 Intended for factory debug only
ARM JTAG-DP Reserved 1000, 1010, 1011, 1110 These instructions will go the ARM JTAG-DP controller.
Please look at ARM JTAG-DP documentation for more
information on these instructions.
Reserved 3All other opcodes Decoded to select bypass register
3. The manufacturer reserves the right to change the decoding of reserved instruction codes in the future
9.5 JTAG status and control registers
Through the ARM Debug Access Port (DAP), the debugger has access to the status and
control elements, implemented as registers on the DAP bus as shown in the following
figure. These registers provide additional control and status for low power mode recovery
and typical run-control scenarios. The status register bits also provide a means for the
debugger to get updated status of the core without having to initiate a bus transaction
across the crossbar switch, thus remaining less intrusive during a debug session.
It is important to note that these DAP control and status registers are not memory mapped
within the system memory map and are only accessible via the Debug Access Port (DAP)
using JTAG, cJTAG, or SWD. The MDM-AP is accessible as Debug Access Port 1 with
the available registers shown in the table below.
Table 9-4. MDM-AP Register Summary
Address Register Description
Table continues on the next page...
JTAG status and control registers
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Table 9-4. MDM-AP Register Summary (continued)
0x0100_0000 Status See MDM-AP Status Register
0x0100_0004 Control See MDM-AP Control Register
0x0100_00FC ID Read-only identification register that
always reads as 0x001C_0000
SWJ-DP
SELECT[31:24] (APSEL) selects the AP
SELECT[7:4] (APBANKSEL) selects the bank
A[3:2] from the APACC selects the register
within the bank
AHB Access Port
(AHB-AP) MDM-AP
Status 0x00
Control 0x01
IDR 0x3F
AHB-AP
SELECT[31:24] = 0x00 selects the AHB-AP
See ARM documentation for further details
MDM-AP
SELECT[31:24] = 0x01 selects the MDM-AP
SELECT[7:4] = 0x0 selects the bank with Status and Ctrl
A[3:2] = 2’b00 selects the Status Register
A[3:2] = 2’b01 selects the Control Register
SELECT[7:4] = 0xF selects the bank with IDR
A[3:2] = 2’b11 selects the IDR Register
(IDR register reads 0x001C_0000)
Bus Matrix See Control and Status Register
Descriptions
Data[31:0] A[7:4] A[3:2] RnW
APSEL
Decode
Debug Port ID Register (DPIDR)
Control/Status (CTRL/STAT)
AP Select (SELECT)
Read Buffer (REBUFF)
DP Registers
0x00
0x04
0x08
0x0C
Data[31:0] A[3:2] RnW
DPACC
Data[31:0] A[3:2] RnW
APACC
Debug Port
(DP)
Generic
See the ARM Debug Interface v5p1 Supplement.
Debug
Port
Internal
Bus
Access
Port
Figure 9-3. MDM AP Addressing
Chapter 9 Debug
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9.5.1 MDM-AP Control Register
Table 9-5. MDM-AP Control register assignments
Bit Name Secure1Description
0 Flash Mass Erase in Progress Y Set to cause mass erase. Cleared by hardware after mass erase
operation completes.
When mass erase is disabled (via MEEN settings), the erase request
does not occur and the Flash Mass Erase in Progress bit continues to
assert until the next system reset.
1 Debug Disable N Set to disable debug. Clear to allow debug operation. When set it
overrides the C_DEBUGEN bit within the DHCSR and force disables
Debug logic.
2 Debug Request N Set to force the Core to halt.
If the Core is in a stop or wait mode, this bit can be used to wakeup the
core and transition to a halted state.
3 System Reset Request N Set to force a system reset. The system remains held in reset until this
bit is cleared.
4 Core Hold Reset N Configuration bit to control Core operation at the end of system reset
sequencing.
0 Normal operation - release the Core from reset along with the rest of
the system at the end of system reset sequencing.
1 Suspend operation - hold the Core in reset at the end of reset
sequencing. Once the system enters this suspended state, clearing
this control bit immediately releases the Core from reset and CPU
operation begins.
5 VLLSx Debug Request
(VLLDBGREQ)
N Set to configure the system to be held in reset after the next recovery
from a VLLSx mode.
This bit holds the in reset when VLLSx modes are exited to allow the
debugger time to re-initialize debug IP before the debug session
continues.
The Mode Controller captures this bit logic on entry to VLLSx modes.
Upon exit from VLLSx modes, the Mode Controller will hold the in reset
until VLLDBGACK is asserted.
The VLLDBGREQ bit clears automatically due to the POR reset
generated as part of the VLLSx recovery.
6 VLLSx Debug Acknowledge
(VLLDBGACK)
N Set to release a being held in reset following a VLLSx recovery
This bit is used by the debugger to release the system reset when it is
being held on VLLSx mode exit. The debugger re-initializes all debug
IP and then assert this control bit to allow the Mode Controller to
release the from reset and allow CPU operation to begin.
The VLLDBGACK bit is cleared by the debugger or can be left set
because it clears automatically due to the POR reset generated as part
of the next VLLSx recovery.
7 LLS, VLLSx Status Acknowledge N Set this bit to acknowledge the DAP LLS and VLLS Status bits have
been read. This acknowledge automatically clears the status bits.
This bit is used by the debugger to clear the sticky LLS and VLLSx
mode entry status bits. This bit is asserted and cleared by the
debugger.
Table continues on the next page...
JTAG status and control registers
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Table 9-5. MDM-AP Control register assignments (continued)
Bit Name Secure1Description
8 Timestamp Disable N Set this bit to disable the 48-bit global trace timestamp counter during
debug halt mode when the core is halted.
0 The timestamp counter continues to count assuming trace is
enabled. (default)
1 The timestamp counter freezes when the core has halted (debug halt
mode).
9 –
31
Reserved for future use N
1. Command available in secure mode
9.5.2 MDM-AP Status Register
Table 9-6. MDM-AP Status register assignments
Bit Name Description
0 Flash Mass Erase Acknowledge The Flash Mass Erase Acknowledge bit is cleared after POR or any debug
reset. The bit is also cleared at launch of a mass erase command due to
write of Flash Mass Erase in Progress bit in MDM AP Control Register.
The Flash Mass Erase Acknowledge is set after Flash control logic has
started the mass erase operation.
When mass erase is disabled (via MEEN settings), an erase request due
to seting of Flash Mass Erase in Progress bit is not acknowledged.
1 Flash Ready Indicate Flash has been initialized and debugger can be configured even if
system is continuing to be held in reset via the debugger.
2 System Security Indicates the security state. When secure, the debugger does not have
access to the system bus or any memory mapped peripherals. This bit
indicates when the part is locked and no system bus access is possible.
3 System Reset Indicates the system reset state.
0 System is in reset
1 System is not in reset
4 Reserved
5 Mass Erase Enable Indicates if the MCU can be mass erased or not
0 Mass erase is disabled
1 Mass erase is enabled
6 Backdoor Access Key Enable Indicates if the MCU has the backdoor access key enabled.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
7 LP Enabled Decode of LPLLSM control bits to indicate that VLPS, LLS, or VLLSx are
the selected power mode the next time the ARM Core enters Deep Sleep.
0 Low Power Stop Mode is not enabled
1 Low Power Stop Mode is enabled
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 9-6. MDM-AP Status register assignments (continued)
Bit Name Description
Usage intended for debug operation in which Run to VLPS is attempted.
Per debug definition, the system actually enters the Stop state. A
debugger should interpret deep sleep indication (with SLEEPDEEP and
SLEEPING asserted), in conjuntion with this bit asserted as the debugger-
VLPS status indication.
8 Very Low Power Mode Indicates current power mode is VLPx. This bit is not ‘sticky’ and should
always represent whether VLPx is enabled or not.
This bit is used to throttle JTAG TCK frequency up/down.
9 LLS Mode Exit This bit indicates an exit from LLS mode has occurred. The debugger will
lose communication while the system is in LLS (including access to this
register). Once communication is reestablished, this bit indicates that the
system had been in LLS. Since the debug modules held their state during
LLS, they do not need to be reconfigured.
This bit is set during the LLS recovery sequence. The LLS Mode Exit bit is
held until the debugger has had a chance to recognize that LLS was exited
and is cleared by a write of 1 to the LLS, VLLSx Status Acknowledge bit in
MDM AP Control register.
10 VLLSx Modes Exit This bit indicates an exit from VLLSx mode has occurred. The debugger
will lose communication while the system is in VLLSx (including access to
this register). Once communication is reestablished, this bit indicates that
the system had been in VLLSx. Since the debug modules lose their state
during VLLSx modes, they need to be reconfigured.
This bit is set during the VLLSx recovery sequence. The VLLSx Mode Exit
bit is held until the debugger has had a chance to recognize that a VLLS
mode was exited and is cleared by a write of 1 to the LLS, VLLSx Status
Acknowledge bit in MDM AP Control register.
11 – 15 Reserved for future use Always read 0.
16 Core Halted Indicates the Core has entered debug halt mode
17 Core SLEEPDEEP Indicates the Core has entered a low power mode
SLEEPING==1 and SLEEPDEEP==0 indicates wait or VLPW mode.
SLEEPING==1 and SLEEPDEEP==1 indicates stop or VLPS mode.
18 Core SLEEPING
19 – 31 Reserved for future use Always read 0.
9.6 Debug Resets
The debug system receives the following sources of reset:
• JTAG_TRST_b from an external signal. This signal is optional and may not be
available in all packages.
• Debug reset (CDBGRSTREQ bit within the SWJ-DP CTRL/STAT register) in the
TCLK domain that allows the debugger to reset the debug logic.
• TRST asserted via the cJTAG escape command.
• System POR reset
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Conversely the debug system is capable of generating system reset using the following
mechanism:
• A system reset in the DAP control register which allows the debugger to hold the
system in reset.
• SYSRESETREQ bit in the NVIC application interrupt and reset control register
• A system reset in the DAP control register which allows the debugger to hold the
Core in reset.
9.7 AHB-AP
AHB-AP provides the debugger access to all memory and registers in the system,
including processor registers through the NVIC. System access is independent of the
processor status. AHB-AP does not do back-to-back transactions on the bus, so all
transactions are non-sequential. AHB-AP can perform unaligned and bit-band
transactions. AHB-AP transactions bypass the FPB, so the FPB cannot remap AHB-AP
transactions. SWJ/SW-DP-initiated transaction aborts drive an AHB-AP-supported
sideband signal called HABORT. This signal is driven into the Bus Matrix, which resets
the Bus Matrix state, so that AHB-AP can access the Private Peripheral Bus for last ditch
debugging such as read/stop/reset the core. AHB-AP transactions are little endian.
For a short period at the start of a system reset event the system security status is being
determined and debugger access to all AHB-AP transactions is blocked. The MDM-AP
Status register is accessible and can be monitored to determine when this initial period is
completed. After this initial period, if system reset is held via assertion of the RESET pin,
the debugger has access via the bus matrix to the private peripheral bus to configure the
debug IP even while system reset is asserted. While in system reset, access to other
memory and register resources, accessed over the Crossbar Switch, is blocked.
9.8 ITM
The ITM is an application-driven trace source that supports printf style debugging to
trace Operating System (OS) and application events, and emits diagnostic system
information. The ITM emits trace information as packets. There are four sources that can
generate packets. If multiple sources generate packets at the same time, the ITM
arbitrates the order in which packets are output. The four sources in decreasing order of
priority are:
1. Software trace -- Software can write directly to ITM stimulus registers. This emits
packets.
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2. Hardware trace -- The DWT generates these packets, and the ITM emits them.
3. Time stamping -- Timestamps are emitted relative to packets. The ITM contains a
21-bit counter to generate the timestamp. The Cortex-M4 clock or the bitclock rate of
the Serial Wire Viewer (SWV) output clocks the counter.
4. Global system timestamping. Timestamps can optionally be generated using a
system-wide 48-bit count value.
9.9 Core Trace Connectivity
The ITM can route its data to the TPIU. (See the MCM (Miscellaneous Control Module)
for controlling the routing to the TPIU.) This configuration enables the use of trace with
low cost tools while maintaining the compatibility with trace probes.
9.10 TPIU
The TPIU acts as a bridge between the on-chip trace data from the Instrumentation Trace
Macrocell (ITM) to a data stream, encapsulating IDs where required, that is then captured
by a Trace Port Analyzer (TPA). The TPIU is specially designed for low-cost debug.
9.11 DWT
The DWT is a unit that performs the following debug functionality:
• It contains four comparators that you can configure as a hardware watchpoint, a PC
sampler event trigger, or a data address sampler event trigger. The first comparator,
DWT_COMP0, can also compare against the clock cycle counter, CYCCNT. The
second comparator, DWT_COMP1, can also be used as a data comparator.
• The DWT contains counters for:
• Clock cycles (CYCCNT)
• Folded instructions
• Load store unit (LSU) operations
• Sleep cycles
• CPI (all instruction cycles except for the first cycle)
• Interrupt overhead
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NOTE
An event is emitted each time a counter overflows.
• The DWT can be configured to emit PC samples at defined intervals, and to emit
interrupt event information.
9.12 Debug in Low Power Modes
In low power modes in which the debug modules are kept static or powered off, the
debugger cannot gather any debug data for the duration of the low power mode. In the
case that the debugger is held static, the debug port returns to full functionality as soon as
the low power mode exits and the system returns to a state with active debug. In the case
that the debugger logic is powered off, the debugger is reset on recovery and must be
reconfigured once the low power mode is exited.
Power mode entry logic monitors Debug Power Up and System Power Up signals from
the debug port as indications that a debugger is active. These signals can be changed in
RUN, VLPR, WAIT and VLPW. If the debug signal is active and the system attempts to
enter stop or VLPS, FCLK continues to run to support core register access. In these
modes in which FCLK is left active the debug modules have access to core registers but
not to system memory resources accessed via the crossbar.
With debug enabled, transitions from Run directly to VLPS are not allowed and result in
the system entering Stop mode instead. Status bits within the MDM-AP Status register
can be evaluated to determine this pseudo-VLPS state. Note with the debug enabled,
transitions from Run--> VLPR --> VLPS are still possible but also result in the system
entering Stop mode instead.
In VLLS mode all debug modules are powered off and reset at wakeup. In LLS mode, the
debug modules retain their state but no debug activity is possible.
NOTE
When using cJTAG and entering LLS mode, the cJTAG
controller must be reset on exit from LLS mode.
Going into a VLLSx mode causes all the debug controls and settings to be reset. To give
time to the debugger to sync up with the HW, the MDM-AP Control register can be
configured hold the system in reset on recovery so that the debugger can regain control
and reconfigure debug logic prior to the system exiting reset and resuming operation.
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9.12.1 Debug Module State in Low Power Modes
The following table shows the state of the debug modules in low power modes. These
terms are used:
• FF = Full functionality. In VLPR and VLPW the system frequency is limited, but if a
module does not have a limitation in its functionality, it is still listed as FF.
• static = Module register states and associated memories are retained.
• OFF = Modules are powered off; module is in reset state upon wakeup.
Table 9-7. Debug Module State in Low Power Modes
Module STOP VLPR VLPW VLPS LLS VLLSx
Debug Port FF FF FF OFF static OFF
AHB-AP FF FF FF OFF static OFF
ITM FF FF FF OFF static OFF
TPIU FF FF FF OFF static OFF
DWT FF FF FF OFF static OFF
9.13 Debug & Security
When security is enabled (FSEC[SEC] != 10), the debug port capabilities are limited in
order to prevent exploitation of secure data. In the secure state the debugger still has
access to the MDM-AP Status Register and can determine the current security state of the
device. In the case of a secure device, the debugger also has the capability of performing
a mass erase operation via writes to the MDM-AP Control Register if mass erase is
enabled. In the case of a secure device that has mass erase disabled (FSEC[MEEN] = 10),
attempts to mass erase via the debug interface are blocked.
When mass erase is disabled (FSEC[MEEN]= 10), the debugger does not have the
capability of performing a mass erase operation via writes to MDM-AP Control Register.
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Chapter 10
Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
10.1 Introduction
To optimize functionality in small packages, pins have several functions available via
signal multiplexing. This chapter illustrates which of this device's signals are multiplexed
on which external pin.
The Port Control block controls which signal is present on the external pin. Reference
that chapter to find which register controls the operation of a specific pin.
10.2 Signal Multiplexing Integration
This section summarizes how the module is integrated into the device. For a
comprehensive description of the module itself, see the module’s dedicated chapter.
Register
access
Signal Multiplexing/
Port Control
Transfers
Module
Peripheral
bridge 0
Module
Module
External
Pins
Transfers
Figure 10-1. Signal multiplexing integration
Table 10-1. Reference links to related information
Topic Related module Reference
Full description Port control Port control
System memory map System memory map
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 10-1. Reference links to related information (continued)
Topic Related module Reference
Clocking Clock Distribution
Register access Peripheral bus
controller
Peripheral bridge
10.2.1 Port control and interrupt module features
• 32-pin ports
NOTE
Not all pins are available on the device. See the following
section for details.
• Each 32-pin port is assigned one interrupt.
Table 10-2. Ports summary
Feature Port A Port B Port C Port D Port E
Pull select control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pull select at reset PTA1/PTA2/PTA3/
PTA4/PTA5=Pull
up, Others=Pull
down
Pull down Pull down Pull down Pull down
Pull enable control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pull enable at reset PTA0/PTA1/PTA2/
PTA3/
PTA4=Enabled;
Others=Disabled
Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
Slew rate enable
control
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Slew rate enable at
reset
Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
Passive filter
enable control
PTA4=Yes;
Others=No
No No No No
Passive filter
enable at reset
Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
Open drain enable
control
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Open drain enable
at reset
Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
Drive strength
enable control
No PTB0/PTB1 only PTC3/PTC4 only PTD4/PTD5/PTD6/
PTD7 only
No
Drive strength
enable at reset
Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
Table continues on the next page...
Signal Multiplexing Integration
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Table 10-2. Ports summary (continued)
Feature Port A Port B Port C Port D Port E
Pin mux control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pin mux at reset PTA0/PTA1/PTA2/
PTA3/PTA4=ALT7;
Others=ALT0
ALT0 ALT0 ALT0 ALT0
Lock bit Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Interrupt and DMA
request
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Digital glitch filter No No No Yes No
10.2.2 Clock gating
The clock to the port control module can be gated on and off using the SCGC5[PORTx]
bits in the SIM module. These bits are cleared after any reset, which disables the clock to
the corresponding module to conserve power. Prior to initializing the corresponding
module, set SCGC5[PORTx] in the SIM module to enable the clock. Before turning off
the clock, make sure to disable the module. For more details, refer to the clock
distribution chapter.
10.2.3 Signal multiplexing constraints
1. A given peripheral function must be assigned to a maximum of one package pin. Do
not program the same function to more than one pin.
2. To ensure the best signal timing for a given peripheral's interface, choose the pins in
closest proximity to each other.
10.3 Pinout
10.3.1 K22 Signal Multiplexing and Pin Assignments
The following table shows the signals available on each pin and the locations of these
pins on the devices supported by this document. The Port Control Module is responsible
for selecting which ALT functionality is available on each pin.
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Pin Name Default ALT0 ALT1 ALT2 ALT3 ALT4 ALT5 ALT6 ALT7 EzPort
E4 1 1 A1 B6 PTE0/
CLKOUT32
K
ADC1_
SE4a
ADC1_
SE4a
PTE0/
CLKOUT32
K
SPI1_
PCS1
UART1_TX I2C1_SDA RTC_
CLKOUT
E3 2 2 B1 D5 PTE1/
LLWU_P0
ADC1_
SE5a
ADC1_
SE5a
PTE1/
LLWU_P0
SPI1_
SOUT
UART1_RX I2C1_SCL SPI1_SIN
E2 3 — — E5 PTE2/
LLWU_P1
ADC1_
SE6a
ADC1_
SE6a
PTE2/
LLWU_P1
SPI1_SCK UART1_
CTS_b
F4 4 — — A7 PTE3 ADC1_
SE7a
ADC1_
SE7a
PTE3 SPI1_SIN UART1_
RTS_b
SPI1_
SOUT
H7 5 — — E4 PTE4/
LLWU_P2
DISABLED PTE4/
LLWU_P2
SPI1_
PCS0
LPUART0_
TX
G4 6 — — D4 PTE5 DISABLED PTE5 SPI1_
PCS2
LPUART0_
RX
F3 7 — — — PTE6 DISABLED PTE6 SPI1_
PCS3
LPUART0_
CTS_b
I2S0_
MCLK
USB_SOF_
OUT
E6 8 3 C5 B7 VDD VDD VDD
G7 9 4 C4 C6 VSS VSS VSS
L6 — — — C6 VSS VSS VSS
F1 10 5 E1 C7 USB0_DP USB0_DP USB0_DP
F2 11 6 D1 D7 USB0_DM USB0_DM USB0_DM
G1 12 7 E2 D6 USBVDD USBVDD USBVDD
G2 13 8 D2 — NC NC NC
H1 14 — — — ADC0_DP1 ADC0_DP1 ADC0_DP1
H2 15 — — — ADC0_
DM1
ADC0_
DM1
ADC0_
DM1
J1 16 — — — ADC1_
DP1/
ADC0_DP2
ADC1_
DP1/
ADC0_DP2
ADC1_
DP1/
ADC0_DP2
J2 17 — — — ADC1_
DM1/
ADC0_
DM2
ADC1_
DM1/
ADC0_
DM2
ADC1_
DM1/
ADC0_
DM2
K1 18 9 G1 — ADC0_
DP0/
ADC1_DP3
ADC0_
DP0/
ADC1_DP3
ADC0_
DP0/
ADC1_DP3
K2 19 10 F1 — ADC0_
DM0/
ADC1_
DM3
ADC0_
DM0/
ADC1_
DM3
ADC0_
DM0/
ADC1_
DM3
L1 20 11 G2 — ADC1_
DP0/
ADC0_DP3
ADC1_
DP0/
ADC0_DP3
ADC1_
DP0/
ADC0_DP3
L2 21 12 F2 — ADC1_
DM0/
ADC0_
DM3
ADC1_
DM0/
ADC0_
DM3
ADC1_
DM0/
ADC0_
DM3
F5 22 13 F4 F7 VDDA VDDA VDDA
Pinout
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Pin Name Default ALT0 ALT1 ALT2 ALT3 ALT4 ALT5 ALT6 ALT7 EzPort
G5 23 14 G4 F7 VREFH VREFH VREFH
G6 24 15 G3 G7 VREFL VREFL VREFL
F6 25 16 F3 G7 VSSA VSSA VSSA
L3 26 17 H1 G6 VREF_
OUT/
CMP1_IN5/
CMP0_IN5/
ADC1_
SE18
VREF_
OUT/
CMP1_IN5/
CMP0_IN5/
ADC1_
SE18
VREF_
OUT/
CMP1_IN5/
CMP0_IN5/
ADC1_
SE18
K5 27 18 H2 — DAC0_
OUT/
CMP1_IN3/
ADC0_
SE23
DAC0_
OUT/
CMP1_IN3/
ADC0_
SE23
DAC0_
OUT/
CMP1_IN3/
ADC0_
SE23
K4 — — — — CMP0_IN4/
ADC1_
SE23
CMP0_IN4/
ADC1_
SE23
CMP0_IN4/
ADC1_
SE23
L4 28 19 H3 F5 XTAL32 XTAL32 XTAL32
L5 29 20 H4 G5 EXTAL32 EXTAL32 EXTAL32
K6 30 21 H5 G4 VBAT VBAT VBAT
H5 31 — — — PTE24 ADC0_
SE17
ADC0_
SE17
PTE24 I2C0_SCL EWM_
OUT_b
J5 32 — — — PTE25 ADC0_
SE18
ADC0_
SE18
PTE25 I2C0_SDA EWM_IN
H6 33 — — — PTE26/
CLKOUT32
K
DISABLED PTE26/
CLKOUT32
K
RTC_
CLKOUT
USB_
CLKIN
J6 34 22 D3 F4 PTA0 JTAG_
TCLK/
SWD_CLK/
EZP_CLK
PTA0 UART0_
CTS_b
FTM0_CH5 JTAG_
TCLK/
SWD_CLK
EZP_CLK
H8 35 23 D4 F6 PTA1 JTAG_TDI/
EZP_DI
PTA1 UART0_RX FTM0_CH6 JTAG_TDI EZP_DI
J7 36 24 E5 E7 PTA2 JTAG_
TDO/
TRACE_
SWO/
EZP_DO
PTA2 UART0_TX FTM0_CH7 JTAG_
TDO/
TRACE_
SWO
EZP_DO
H9 37 25 D5 E6 PTA3 JTAG_
TMS/
SWD_DIO
PTA3 UART0_
RTS_b
FTM0_CH0 JTAG_
TMS/
SWD_DIO
J8 38 26 G5 F3 PTA4/
LLWU_P3
NMI_b/
EZP_CS_b
PTA4/
LLWU_P3
FTM0_CH1 NMI_b EZP_CS_b
K7 39 27 F5 — PTA5 DISABLED PTA5 USB_
CLKIN
FTM0_CH2 I2S0_TX_
BCLK
JTAG_
TRST_b
E5 40 — — — VDD VDD VDD
G3 41 — — — VSS VSS VSS
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Pin Name Default ALT0 ALT1 ALT2 ALT3 ALT4 ALT5 ALT6 ALT7 EzPort
K8 42 28 H6 — PTA12 DISABLED PTA12 FTM1_CH0 I2S0_TXD0 FTM1_QD_
PHA
L8 43 29 G6 — PTA13/
LLWU_P4
DISABLED PTA13/
LLWU_P4
FTM1_CH1 I2S0_TX_
FS
FTM1_QD_
PHB
K9 44 — — — PTA14 DISABLED PTA14 SPI0_
PCS0
UART0_TX I2S0_RX_
BCLK
L9 45 — — — PTA15 DISABLED PTA15 SPI0_SCK UART0_RX I2S0_
RXD0
J10 46 — — — PTA16 DISABLED PTA16 SPI0_
SOUT
UART0_
CTS_b
I2S0_RX_
FS
H10 47 — — — PTA17 ADC1_
SE17
ADC1_
SE17
PTA17 SPI0_SIN UART0_
RTS_b
I2S0_
MCLK
L10 48 30 G7 G3 VDD VDD VDD
K10 49 31 H7 F2 VSS VSS VSS
L11 50 32 H8 G2 PTA18 EXTAL0 EXTAL0 PTA18 FTM0_
FLT2
FTM_
CLKIN0
K11 51 33 G8 G1 PTA19 XTAL0 XTAL0 PTA19 FTM1_
FLT0
FTM_
CLKIN1
LPTMR0_
ALT1
J11 52 34 F8 F1 RESET_b RESET_b RESET_b
G11 53 35 F7 E3 PTB0/
LLWU_P5
ADC0_
SE8/
ADC1_SE8
ADC0_
SE8/
ADC1_SE8
PTB0/
LLWU_P5
I2C0_SCL FTM1_CH0 FTM1_QD_
PHA
G10 54 36 F6 E2 PTB1 ADC0_
SE9/
ADC1_SE9
ADC0_
SE9/
ADC1_SE9
PTB1 I2C0_SDA FTM1_CH1 FTM1_QD_
PHB
G9 55 37 E7 D2 PTB2 ADC0_
SE12
ADC0_
SE12
PTB2 I2C0_SCL UART0_
RTS_b
FTM0_
FLT3
G8 56 38 E8 E1 PTB3 ADC0_
SE13
ADC0_
SE13
PTB3 I2C0_SDA UART0_
CTS_b
FTM0_
FLT0
D11 — — — — PTB8 DISABLED PTB8 LPUART0_
RTS_b
E10 57 — — — PTB9 DISABLED PTB9 SPI1_
PCS1
LPUART0_
CTS_b
D10 58 — — — PTB10 ADC1_
SE14
ADC1_
SE14
PTB10 SPI1_
PCS0
LPUART0_
RX
FTM0_
FLT1
C10 59 — — — PTB11 ADC1_
SE15
ADC1_
SE15
PTB11 SPI1_SCK LPUART0_
TX
FTM0_
FLT2
— 60 — — — VSS VSS VSS
— 61 — — — VDD VDD VDD
B10 62 39 E6 D1 PTB16 DISABLED PTB16 SPI1_
SOUT
UART0_RX FTM_
CLKIN0
EWM_IN
E9 63 40 D7 C2 PTB17 DISABLED PTB17 SPI1_SIN UART0_TX FTM_
CLKIN1
EWM_
OUT_b
D9 64 41 D6 — PTB18 DISABLED PTB18 FTM2_CH0 I2S0_TX_
BCLK
FTM2_QD_
PHA
C9 65 42 C7 — PTB19 DISABLED PTB19 FTM2_CH1 I2S0_TX_
FS
FTM2_QD_
PHB
Pinout
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Pin Name Default ALT0 ALT1 ALT2 ALT3 ALT4 ALT5 ALT6 ALT7 EzPort
F10 66 — — — PTB20 DISABLED PTB20 CMP0_
OUT
F9 67 — — — PTB21 DISABLED PTB21 CMP1_
OUT
F8 68 — — — PTB22 DISABLED PTB22
E8 69 — — — PTB23 DISABLED PTB23 SPI0_
PCS5
B9 70 43 D8 C1 PTC0 ADC0_
SE14
ADC0_
SE14
PTC0 SPI0_
PCS4
PDB0_
EXTRG
USB_SOF_
OUT
D8 71 44 C6 B1 PTC1/
LLWU_P6
ADC0_
SE15
ADC0_
SE15
PTC1/
LLWU_P6
SPI0_
PCS3
UART1_
RTS_b
FTM0_CH0 I2S0_TXD0 LPUART0_
RTS_b
C8 72 45 B7 B2 PTC2 ADC0_
SE4b/
CMP1_IN0
ADC0_
SE4b/
CMP1_IN0
PTC2 SPI0_
PCS2
UART1_
CTS_b
FTM0_CH1 I2S0_TX_
FS
LPUART0_
CTS_b
B8 73 46 C8 A1 PTC3/
LLWU_P7
CMP1_IN1 CMP1_IN1 PTC3/
LLWU_P7
SPI0_
PCS1
UART1_RX FTM0_CH2 CLKOUT I2S0_TX_
BCLK
LPUART0_
RX
— 74 47 E3 C6 VSS VSS VSS
— 75 48 E4 B7 VDD VDD VDD
A8 76 49 B8 A2 PTC4/
LLWU_P8
DISABLED PTC4/
LLWU_P8
SPI0_
PCS0
UART1_TX FTM0_CH3 CMP1_
OUT
LPUART0_
TX
D7 77 50 A8 D3 PTC5/
LLWU_P9
DISABLED PTC5/
LLWU_P9
SPI0_SCK LPTMR0_
ALT2
I2S0_
RXD0
CMP0_
OUT
FTM0_CH2
C7 78 51 A7 C3 PTC6/
LLWU_P10
CMP0_IN0 CMP0_IN0 PTC6/
LLWU_P10
SPI0_
SOUT
PDB0_
EXTRG
I2S0_RX_
BCLK
I2S0_
MCLK
B7 79 52 B6 B3 PTC7 CMP0_IN1 CMP0_IN1 PTC7 SPI0_SIN USB_SOF_
OUT
I2S0_RX_
FS
A7 80 53 A6 — PTC8 ADC1_
SE4b/
CMP0_IN2
ADC1_
SE4b/
CMP0_IN2
PTC8 I2S0_
MCLK
D6 81 54 B5 — PTC9 ADC1_
SE5b/
CMP0_IN3
ADC1_
SE5b/
CMP0_IN3
PTC9 I2S0_RX_
BCLK
FTM2_
FLT0
C6 82 55 B4 — PTC10 ADC1_
SE6b
ADC1_
SE6b
PTC10 I2C1_SCL I2S0_RX_
FS
C5 83 56 A5 — PTC11/
LLWU_P11
ADC1_
SE7b
ADC1_
SE7b
PTC11/
LLWU_P11
I2C1_SDA
B6 84 — — — PTC12 DISABLED PTC12
A6 85 — — — PTC13 DISABLED PTC13
A5 86 — — — PTC14 DISABLED PTC14
B5 87 — — — PTC15 DISABLED PTC15
F7 88 — — — VSS VSS VSS
E7 89 — — — VDD VDD VDD
D5 90 — — — PTC16 DISABLED PTC16 LPUART0_
RX
C4 91 — — — PTC17 DISABLED PTC17 LPUART0_
TX
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Pin Name Default ALT0 ALT1 ALT2 ALT3 ALT4 ALT5 ALT6 ALT7 EzPort
B4 92 — — — PTC18 DISABLED PTC18 LPUART0_
RTS_b
D4 93 57 C3 A3 PTD0/
LLWU_P12
DISABLED PTD0/
LLWU_P12
SPI0_
PCS0
UART2_
RTS_b
LPUART0_
RTS_b
D3 94 58 A4 A4 PTD1 ADC0_
SE5b
ADC0_
SE5b
PTD1 SPI0_SCK UART2_
CTS_b
LPUART0_
CTS_b
C3 95 59 C2 B4 PTD2/
LLWU_P13
DISABLED PTD2/
LLWU_P13
SPI0_
SOUT
UART2_RX LPUART0_
RX
I2C0_SCL
B3 96 60 B3 C4 PTD3 DISABLED PTD3 SPI0_SIN UART2_TX LPUART0_
TX
I2C0_SDA
A3 97 61 A3 A5 PTD4/
LLWU_P14
DISABLED PTD4/
LLWU_P14
SPI0_
PCS1
UART0_
RTS_b
FTM0_CH4 EWM_IN SPI1_
PCS0
A2 98 62 C1 B5 PTD5 ADC0_
SE6b
ADC0_
SE6b
PTD5 SPI0_
PCS2
UART0_
CTS_b
FTM0_CH5 EWM_
OUT_b
SPI1_SCK
B2 99 63 B2 C5 PTD6/
LLWU_P15
ADC0_
SE7b
ADC0_
SE7b
PTD6/
LLWU_P15
SPI0_
PCS3
UART0_RX FTM0_CH6 FTM0_
FLT0
SPI1_
SOUT
A1 100 64 A2 A6 PTD7 DISABLED PTD7 UART0_TX FTM0_CH7 FTM0_
FLT1
SPI1_SIN
A11 — — — — NC NC NC
K3 — — — — NC NC NC
H4 — — — — NC NC NC
B11 — — — — NC NC NC
C11 — — — — NC NC NC
H11 — — — — NC NC NC
C1 — — — — NC NC NC
D2 — — — — NC NC NC
D1 — — — — NC NC NC
E1 — — — — NC NC NC
J3 — — — — NC NC NC
H3 — — — — NC NC NC
J9 — — — — NC NC NC
J4 — — — — NC NC NC
A10 — — — — NC NC NC
A9 — — — — NC NC NC
B1 — — — — NC NC NC
C2 — — — — NC NC NC
L7 — — — — NC NC NC
F11 — — — — NC NC NC
E11 — — — — NC NC NC
A4 — — — — NC NC NC
Pinout
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
210 NXP Semiconductors
10.3.2 K22 Pinouts
This figure shows the pinout diagram for the devices supported by this document. Many
signals may be multiplexed onto a single pin. To determine what signals can be used on
which pin, see the previous section.
EXTAL32
XTAL32
DAC0_OUT/CMP1_IN3/ADC0_SE23
VREF_OUT/CMP1_IN5/CMP0_IN5/ADC1_SE18
VSSA
VREFL
VREFH
VDDA
ADC1_DM0/ADC0_DM3
ADC1_DP0/ADC0_DP3
ADC0_DM0/ADC1_DM3
ADC0_DP0/ADC1_DP3
NC
USBVDD
USB0_DM
USB0_DP
VSS
VDD
PTE1/LLWU_P0
PTE0/CLKOUT32K
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
64
63
62
61
PTD7
PTD6/LLWU_P15
PTD5
PTD4/LLWU_P14
PTD3
PTD2/LLWU_P13
PTD1
PTD0/LLWU_P12
PTC11/LLWU_P11
PTC10
PTC9
PTC8
PTC7
PTC6/LLWU_P10
PTC5/LLWU_P9
PTC4/LLWU_P8
VDD
VSS
PTC3/LLWU_P7
PTC2
PTC1/LLWU_P6
PTC0
PTB19
PTB18
PTB17
PTB16
PTB3
PTB2
PTB1
PTB0/LLWU_P5
RESET_b
PTA19
PTA18
VSS
VDD
PTA13/LLWU_P4
PTA12
PTA5
PTA4/LLWU_P3
PTA3
PTA2
PTA1
PTA0
VBAT
Figure 10-2. K22 64 LQFP Pinout Diagram (top view)
Chapter 10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 211
1
APTE0/
CLKOUT32K
BPTE1/
LLWU_P0
C PTD5
D USB0_DM
E USB0_DP
FADC0_DM0/
ADC1_DM3
GADC0_DP0/
ADC1_DP3
1
H
VREF_OUT/
CMP1_IN5/
CMP0_IN5/
ADC1_SE18
2
PTD7
PTD6/
LLWU_P15
PTD2/
LLWU_P13
NC
USBVDD
ADC1_DM0/
ADC0_DM3
ADC1_DP0/
ADC0_DP3
2
DAC0_OUT/
CMP1_IN3/
ADC0_SE23
3
PTD4/
LLWU_P14
PTD3
PTD0/
LLWU_P12
PTA0
VSS
VSSA
VREFL
3
XTAL32
4
PTD1
PTC10
VSS
PTA1
VDD
VDDA
VREFH
4
EXTAL32
5
PTC11/
LLWU_P11
PTC9
VDD
PTA3
PTA2
PTA5
PTA4/
LLWU_P3
5
VBAT
6
PTC8
PTC7
PTC1/
LLWU_P6
PTB18
PTB16
PTB1
PTA13/
LLWU_P4
6
PTA12
7
PTC6/
LLWU_P10
PTC2
PTB19
PTB17
PTB2
PTB0/
LLWU_P5
VDD
7
VSS
8
A
PTC5/
LLWU_P9
B
PTC4/
LLWU_P8
C
PTC3/
LLWU_P7
D
PTC0
EPTB3
FRESET_b
GPTA19
8
HPTA18
Figure 10-3. K22 64 MAPBGA Pinout Diagram (transparent top view)
Pinout
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
212 NXP Semiconductors
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
ADC1_DP0/ADC0_DP3
ADC0_DM0/ADC1_DM3
ADC0_DP0/ADC1_DP3
ADC1_DM1/ADC0_DM2
ADC1_DP1/ADC0_DP2
ADC0_DM1
ADC0_DP1
NC
USBVDD
USB0_DM
USB0_DP
VSS
VDD
PTE6
PTE5
PTE4/LLWU_P2
PTE3
PTE2/LLWU_P1
PTE1/LLWU_P0
PTE0/CLKOUT32K 75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
VDD
VSS
PTC3/LLWU_P7
PTC2
PTC1/LLWU_P6
PTC0
PTB23
PTB22
PTB21
PTB20
PTB19
PTB18
PTB17
PTB16
VDD
VSS
PTB11
PTB10
PTB9
PTB3
PTB2
PTB1
PTB0/LLWU_P5
RESET_b
PTA19
25
24
23
22
21
VSSA
VREFL
VREFH
VDDA
ADC1_DM0/ADC0_DM3
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
99
79
78
77
76
PTD6/LLWU_P15
PTC7
PTC6/LLWU_P10
PTC5/LLWU_P9
PTC4/LLWU_P8
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
PTA18
VSS
VDD
PTA17
PTA16
PTA15
PTA14
PTA13/LLWU_P4
PTA12
VSS
VDD
PTA5
PTA4/LLWU_P3
PTA3
PTA2
PTA1
PTA0
PTE26/CLKOUT32K
PTE25
PTE24
VBAT
EXTAL32
XTAL32
DAC0_OUT/CMP1_IN3/ADC0_SE23
VREF_OUT/CMP1_IN5/CMP0_IN5/ADC1_SE18
98 PTD5
97 PTD4/LLWU_P14
96 PTD3
95 PTD2/LLWU_P13
94 PTD1
93 PTD0/LLWU_P12
92 PTC18
91 PTC17
90 PTC16
89 VDD
88 VSS
80 PTC8
PTC9
PTC10
81
82
83 PTC11/LLWU_P11
84 PTC12
85 PTC13
86 PTC14
87 PTC15
100 PTD7
Figure 10-4. K22 100 LQFP Pinout Diagram (top view)
Chapter 10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 213
1
A PTD7
B NC
C NC
D NC
E NC
F USB0_DP
G USBVDD
H ADC0_DP1
JADC1_DP1/
ADC0_DP2
KADC0_DP0/
ADC1_DP3
1
LADC1_DP0/
ADC0_DP3
2
PTD5
PTD6/
LLWU_P15
NC
NC
PTE2/
LLWU_P1
USB0_DM
NC
ADC0_DM1
ADC1_DM1/
ADC0_DM2
ADC0_DM0/
ADC1_DM3
2
ADC1_DM0/
ADC0_DM3
3
PTD4/
LLWU_P14
PTD3
PTD2/
LLWU_P13
PTD1
PTE1/
LLWU_P0
PTE6
VSS
NC
NC
NC
3
VREF_OUT/
CMP1_IN5/
CMP0_IN5/
ADC1_SE18
4
NC
PTC18
PTC17
PTD0/
LLWU_P12
PTE0/
CLKOUT32K
PTE3
PTE5
NC
NC
CMP0_IN4/
ADC1_SE23
4
XTAL32
5
PTC14
PTC15
PTC11/
LLWU_P11
PTC16
VDD
VDDA
VREFH
PTE24
PTE25
DAC0_OUT/
CMP1_IN3/
ADC0_SE23
5
EXTAL32
6
PTC13
PTC12
PTC10
PTC9
VDD
VSSA
VREFL
PTE26/
CLKOUT32K
PTA0
VBAT
6
VSS
7
PTC8
PTC7
PTC6/
LLWU_P10
PTC5/
LLWU_P9
VDD
VSS
VSS
PTE4/
LLWU_P2
PTA2
PTA5
7
NC
8
PTC4/
LLWU_P8
PTC3/
LLWU_P7
PTC2
PTC1/
LLWU_P6
PTB23
PTB22
PTB3
PTA1
PTA4/
LLWU_P3
PTA12
8
PTA13/
LLWU_P4
9
NC
PTC0
PTB19
PTB18
PTB17
PTB21
PTB2
PTA3
NC
PTA14
9
PTA15
10
NC
PTB16
PTB11
PTB10
PTB9
PTB20
PTB1
PTA17
PTA16
VSS
10
VDD
11
ANC
BNC
CNC
DPTB8
ENC
FNC
G
PTB0/
LLWU_P5
H
NC
JRESET_b
KPTA19
11
LPTA18
Figure 10-5. K22 121 XFBGA Pinout Diagram (top view)
Pinout
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
214 NXP Semiconductors
1
A
BPTC1/
LLWU_P6
CPTC0
DPTB16
E
F
PTB3
G
RESET_b
PTA19
2
PTC2
PTB17
PTB2
VSS
PTA18
3
PTC7
PTC3/
LLWU_P7
PTB1 PTB0/
LLWU_P5
4 5
PTD0/
LLWU_P12
6
PTD2/
LLWU_P13
PTD1
PTD3
VDD
PTA1
PTA4/
LLWU_P3
7
PTD5
PTD4/
LLWU_P14
PTD6/
LLWU_P15
PTD7
PTE0/
CLKOUT32K
PTA0
VBAT
PTE1/
LLWU_P0
PTE4/
LLWU_P2
PTE5
XTAL32
EXTAL32
PTE2/
LLWU_P1
VDD
USBVDD
VDDA/
VREFH
VSSA/
VREFL
A
PTE3
B
VSS C
USB0_DP
D
USB0_DM
E
F
G
CMP1_IN5/
CMP0_IN5/
VREF_OUT/
ADC1_SE18
PTC4/
LLWU_P8
PTC6/
LLWU_P10
PTC5/
LLWU_P9
PTA3 PTA2
Figure 10-6. K22 49 WLCSP Pinout Diagram (transparent top view)
10.4 Module Signal Description Tables
The following sections correlate the chip-level signal name with the signal name used in
the module's chapter. They also briefly describe the signal function and direction.
10.4.1 Core Modules
Table 10-3. JTAG Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
JTAG_TMS JTAG_TMS/
SWD_DIO
JTAG Test Mode Selection I
JTAG_TCLK JTAG_TCLK/
SWD_CLK
JTAG Test Clock I
JTAG_TDI JTAG_TDI JTAG Test Data Input I
JTAG_TDO JTAG_TDO/
TRACE_SWO
JTAG Test Data Output O
JTAG_TRST JTAG_TRST_b JTAG Reset I
Chapter 10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 215
Table 10-4. SWD Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
SWD_DIO JTAG_TMS/
SWD_DIO
Serial Wire Data I
SWD_CLK JTAG_TCLK/
SWD_CLK
Serial Wire Clock I
Table 10-5. TPIU Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
TRACE_SWO JTAG_TDO/
TRACE_SWO
Trace output data from the ARM CoreSight debug block over a
single pin
O
10.4.2 System Modules
Table 10-6. EWM Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
EWM_IN EWM_in EWM input for safety status of external safety circuits. The polarity
of EWM_in is programmable using the EWM_CTRL[ASSIN] bit. The
default polarity is active-low.
I
EWM_OUT EWM_out EWM reset out signal O
10.4.3 Clock Modules
Table 10-7. OSC Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
EXTAL0 EXTAL External clock/Oscillator input I
XTAL0 XTAL Oscillator output O
Table 10-8. RTC OSC Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
EXTAL32 EXTAL32 32.768 kHz oscillator input I
XTAL32 XTAL32 32.768 kHz oscillator output O
Module Signal Description Tables
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
216 NXP Semiconductors
10.4.4 Memories and Memory Interfaces
Table 10-9. EzPort Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
EZP_CLK EZP_CK EzPort Clock Input
EZP_CS EZP_CS EzPort Chip Select Input
EZP_DI EZP_D EzPort Serial Data In Input
EZP_DO EZP_Q EzPort Serial Data Out Output
10.4.5 Analog
Table 10-10. ADC 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
ADC0_DP[3:0] DADP3–DADP0 Differential Analog Channel Inputs I
ADC0_DM[3:0] DADM3–DADM0 Differential Analog Channel Inputs I
ADC0_SEn ADnSingle-Ended Analog Channel Inputs I
VREFH VREFSH Voltage Reference Select High I
VREFL VREFSL Voltage Reference Select Low I
VDDA VDDA Analog Power Supply I
VSSA VSSA Analog Ground I
Table 10-11. ADC 1 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
ADC1_DP3,
ADC1_DP[1:0]
DADP3–DADP0 Differential Analog Channel Inputs I
ADC1_DM3,
ADC1_DM[1:0]
DADM3–DADM0 Differential Analog Channel Inputs I
ADC1_SEn ADnSingle-Ended Analog Channel Inputs I
VREFH VREFSH Voltage Reference Select High I
VREFL VREFSL Voltage Reference Select Low I
VDDA VDDA Analog Power Supply I
VSSA VSSA Analog Ground I
Chapter 10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 217
Table 10-12. CMP 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
CMP0_IN[5:0] IN[5:0] Analog voltage inputs I
CMP0_OUT CMPO Comparator output O
Table 10-13. CMP 1 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
CMP1_IN[5:0] IN[5:0] Analog voltage inputs I
CMP1_OUT CMPO Comparator output O
Table 10-14. DAC 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
DAC0_OUT — DAC output O
Table 10-15. VREF Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
VREF_OUT VREF_OUT Internally-generated Voltage Reference output O
10.4.6 Timer Modules
Table 10-16. FTM 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
FTM_CLKIN[1:0] EXTCLK External clock. FTM external clock can be selected to drive the
FTM counter.
I
FTM0_CH[7:0] CHn FTM channel (n), where n can be 7-0 I/O
FTM0_FLT[3:0] FAULTj Fault input (j), where j can be 3-0 I
Table 10-17. FTM 1 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
FTM_CLKIN[1:0] EXTCLK External clock. FTM external clock can be selected to drive the
FTM counter.
I
Table continues on the next page...
Module Signal Description Tables
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
218 NXP Semiconductors
Table 10-17. FTM 1 Signal Descriptions (continued)
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
FTM1_CH[1:0] CHn FTM channel (n), where n can be 7-0 I/O
FTM1_FLT0 FAULTj Fault input (j), where j can be 3-0 I
FTM1_QD_PHA PHA Quadrature decoder phase A input. Input pin associated with
quadrature decoder phase A.
I
FTM1_QD_PHB PHB Quadrature decoder phase B input. Input pin associated with
quadrature decoder phase B.
I
Table 10-18. FTM 2 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
FTM_CLKIN[1:0] EXTCLK External clock. FTM external clock can be selected to drive the
FTM counter.
I
FTM2_CH[1:0] CHn FTM channel (n), where n can be 7-0 I/O
FTM2_FLT0 FAULTj Fault input (j), where j can be 3-0 I
FTM2_QD_PHA PHA Quadrature decoder phase A input. Input pin associated with
quadrature decoder phase A.
I
FTM2_QD_PHB PHB Quadrature decoder phase B input. Input pin associated with
quadrature decoder phase B.
I
Table 10-19. PDB 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
PDB0_EXTRG EXTRG External Trigger Input Source
If the PDB is enabled and external trigger input source is selected,
a positive edge on the EXTRG signal resets and starts the counter.
I
Table 10-20. LPTMR 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
LPTMR0_ALT[:1] LPTMR0_ALTnPulse Counter Input pin I
Table 10-21. RTC Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
VBAT — Backup battery supply for RTC and VBAT register file I
RTC_CLKOUT RTC_CLKOUT 1 Hz square-wave output or OSCERCLK O
Chapter 10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 219
10.4.7 Communication Interfaces
Table 10-22. USB FS OTG Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
USB0_DM usb_dm USB D- analog data signal on the USB bus. I/O
USB0_DP usb_dp USB D+ analog data signal on the USB bus. I/O
USB_CLKIN — Alternate USB clock input I
USB_SOF_OUT — USB start of frame signal. Can be used to make the USB start of
frame available for external synchronization.
O
Table 10-23. SPI 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
SPI0_PCS0 PCS0/SS Peripheral Chip Select 0 (O) I/O
SPI0_PCS[3:1] PCS[1:3] Peripheral Chip Selects 1–3 O
SPI0_PCS4 PCS4 Peripheral Chip Select 4 O
SPI0_PCS5 PCS5/ PCSS Peripheral Chip Select 5 /Peripheral Chip Select Strobe O
SPI0_SIN SIN Serial Data In I
SPI0_SOUT SOUT Serial Data Out O
SPI0_SCK SCK Serial Clock (O) I/O
Table 10-24. SPI 1 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
SPI1_PCS0 PCS0/SS Peripheral Chip Select 0 (O) I/O
SPI1_PCS[3:1] PCS[1:3] Peripheral Chip Selects 1–3 O
SPI1_SIN SIN Serial Data In I
SPI1_SOUT SOUT Serial Data Out O
SPI1_SCK SCK Serial Clock (O) I/O
Table 10-25. I2C 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
I2C0_SCL SCL Bidirectional serial clock line of the I2C system. I/O
I2C0_SDA SDA Bidirectional serial data line of the I2C system. I/O
Module Signal Description Tables
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
220 NXP Semiconductors
Table 10-26. I2C 1 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
I2C1_SCL SCL Bidirectional serial clock line of the I2C system. I/O
I2C1_SDA SDA Bidirectional serial data line of the I2C system. I/O
Table 10-27. LPUART Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
UART0_TX TxD Transmit Data O
UART0_RX RxD Receive Data I
Table 10-28. UART 0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
UART0_CTS CTS Clear to send I
UART0_RTS RTS Request to send O
UART0_TX TXD Transmit data O
UART0_RX RXD Receive data I
Table 10-29. UART 1 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
UART1_CTS CTS Clear to send I
UART1_RTS RTS Request to send O
UART1_TX TXD Transmit data O
UART1_RX RXD Receive data I
Table 10-30. UART 2 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
UART2_CTS CTS Clear to send I
UART2_RTS RTS Request to send O
UART2_TX TXD Transmit data O
UART2_RX RXD Receive data I
Chapter 10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions
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NXP Semiconductors 221
Table 10-31. I2S0 Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
I2S0_MCLK SAI_MCLK Audio Master Clock. The master clock is an input when externally
generated and an output when internally generated.
I/O
I2S0_RX_BCLK SAI_RX_BCLK Receive Bit Clock. The bit clock is an input when externally
generated and an output when internally generated.
I/O
I2S0_RX_FS SAI_RX_SYNC Receive Frame Sync. The frame sync is an input sampled
synchronously by the bit clock when externally generated and an
output generated synchronously by the bit clock when internally
generated.
I/O
I2S0_RXD SAI_RX_DATA Receive Data. The receive data is sampled synchronously by the
bit clock.
I
I2S0_TX_BCLK SAI_TX_BCLK Transmit Bit Clock. The bit clock is an input when externally
generated and an output when internally generated.
I/O
I2S0_TX_FS SAI_TX_SYNC Transmit Frame Sync. The frame sync is an input sampled
synchronously by the bit clock when externally generated and an
output generated synchronously by the bit clock when internally
generated.
I/O
I2S0_TXD SAI_TX_DATA Transmit Data. The transmit data is generated synchronously by
the bit clock and is tristated whenever not transmitting a word.
O
10.4.8 Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI)
Table 10-32. GPIO Signal Descriptions
Chip signal name Module signal
name
Description I/O
PTA[31:0]1PORTA31–PORTA0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PTB[31:0]1PORTB31–PORTB0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PTC[31:0]1PORTC31–PORTC0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PTD[31:0]1PORTD31–PORTD0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PTE[31:0]1PORTE31–PORTE0 General-purpose input/output I/O
1. The available GPIO pins depends on the specific package. See the signal multiplexing section for which exact GPIO
signals are available.
Module Signal Description Tables
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222 NXP Semiconductors
Chapter 11
Port Control and Interrupts (PORT)
11.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
11.2 Overview
The Port Control and Interrupt (PORT) module provides support for port control, digital
filtering, and external interrupt functions.
Most functions can be configured independently for each pin in the 32-bit port and affect
the pin regardless of its pin muxing state.
There is one instance of the PORT module for each port. Not all pins within each port are
implemented on a specific device.
11.2.1 Features
The PORT module has the following features:
• Pin interrupt
• Interrupt flag and enable registers for each pin
• Support for edge sensitive (rising, falling, both) or level sensitive (low, high)
configured per pin
• Support for interrupt or DMA request configured per pin
• Asynchronous wake-up in low-power modes
• Pin interrupt is functional in all digital pin muxing modes
• Digital input filter on selected pins
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NXP Semiconductors 223
• Digital input filter for each pin, usable by any digital peripheral muxed onto the
pin
• Individual enable or bypass control field per pin
• Selectable clock source for digital input filter with a five bit resolution on filter
size
• Functional in all digital pin multiplexing modes
• Port control
• Individual pull control fields with pullup, pulldown, and pull-disable support
• Individual drive strength field supporting high and low drive strength
• Individual slew rate field supporting fast and slow slew rates
• Individual input passive filter field supporting enable and disable of the
individual input passive filter
• Individual open drain field supporting enable and disable of the individual open
drain output
• Individual mux control field supporting analog or pin disabled, GPIO, and up to
six chip-specific digital functions
• Pad configuration fields are functional in all digital pin muxing modes.
11.2.2 Modes of operation
11.2.2.1 Run mode
In Run mode, the PORT operates normally.
11.2.2.2 Wait mode
In Wait mode, PORT continues to operate normally and may be configured to exit the
Low-Power mode if an enabled interrupt is detected. DMA requests are still generated
during the Wait mode, but do not cause an exit from the Low-Power mode.
11.2.2.3 Stop mode
In Stop mode, the PORT can be configured to exit the Low-Power mode via an
asynchronous wake-up signal if an enabled interrupt is detected.
In Stop mode, the digital input filters are bypassed unless they are configured to run from
the LPO clock source.
Overview
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224 NXP Semiconductors
11.2.2.4 Debug mode
In Debug mode, PORT operates normally.
11.3 External signal description
The table found here describes the PORT external signal.
Table 11-1. Signal properties
Name Function I/O Reset Pull
PORTx[31:0] External interrupt I/O 0 -
NOTE
Not all pins within each port are implemented on each device.
11.4 Detailed signal description
The table found here contains the detailed signal description for the PORT interface.
Table 11-2. PORT interface—detailed signal description
Signal I/O Description
PORTx[31:0] I/O External interrupt.
State meaning Asserted—pin is logic 1.
Negated—pin is logic 0.
Timing Assertion—may occur at any time and can assert
asynchronously to the system clock.
Negation—may occur at any time and can assert
asynchronously to the system clock.
11.5 Memory map and register definition
Any read or write access to the PORT memory space that is outside the valid memory
map results in a bus error. All register accesses complete with zero wait states.
Chapter 11 Port Control and Interrupts (PORT)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 225
PORT memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_9000 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR0) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9004 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR1) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9008 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR2) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_900C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR3) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9010 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR4) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9014 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR5) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9018 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR6) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_901C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR7) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9020 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR8) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9024 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR9) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9028 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR10) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_902C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR11) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9030 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR12) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9034 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR13) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9038 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR14) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_903C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR15) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9040 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR16) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9044 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR17) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9048 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR18) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_904C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR19) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9050 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR20) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9054 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR21) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9058 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR22) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_905C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR23) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9060 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR24) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9064 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR25) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9068 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR26) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_906C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR27) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9070 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR28) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9074 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR29) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9078 Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR30) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_907C Pin Control Register n (PORTA_PCR31) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_9080 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTA_GPCLR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.2/235
4004_9084 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTA_GPCHR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.3/235
4004_90A0 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTA_ISFR) 32 w1c 0000_0000h 11.5.4/236
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
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226 NXP Semiconductors
PORT memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_90C0 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTA_DFER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.5/236
4004_90C4 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTA_DFCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.6/237
4004_90C8 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTA_DFWR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.7/237
4004_A000 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR0) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A004 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR1) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A008 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR2) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A00C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR3) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A010 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR4) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A014 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR5) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A018 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR6) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A01C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR7) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A020 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR8) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A024 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR9) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A028 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR10) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A02C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR11) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A030 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR12) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A034 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR13) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A038 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR14) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A03C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR15) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A040 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR16) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A044 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR17) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A048 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR18) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A04C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR19) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A050 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR20) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A054 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR21) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A058 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR22) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A05C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR23) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A060 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR24) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A064 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR25) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A068 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR26) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A06C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR27) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A070 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR28) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A074 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR29) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A078 Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR30) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A07C Pin Control Register n (PORTB_PCR31) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_A080 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTB_GPCLR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.2/235
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 11 Port Control and Interrupts (PORT)
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NXP Semiconductors 227
PORT memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_A084 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTB_GPCHR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.3/235
4004_A0A0 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTB_ISFR) 32 w1c 0000_0000h 11.5.4/236
4004_A0C0 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTB_DFER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.5/236
4004_A0C4 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTB_DFCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.6/237
4004_A0C8 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTB_DFWR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.7/237
4004_B000 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR0) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B004 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR1) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B008 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR2) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B00C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR3) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B010 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR4) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B014 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR5) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B018 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR6) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B01C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR7) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B020 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR8) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B024 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR9) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B028 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR10) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B02C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR11) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B030 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR12) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B034 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR13) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B038 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR14) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B03C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR15) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B040 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR16) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B044 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR17) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B048 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR18) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B04C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR19) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B050 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR20) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B054 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR21) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B058 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR22) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B05C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR23) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B060 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR24) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B064 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR25) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B068 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR26) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B06C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR27) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B070 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR28) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B074 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR29) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B078 Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR30) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
228 NXP Semiconductors
PORT memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_B07C Pin Control Register n (PORTC_PCR31) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_B080 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTC_GPCLR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.2/235
4004_B084 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTC_GPCHR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.3/235
4004_B0A0 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTC_ISFR) 32 w1c 0000_0000h 11.5.4/236
4004_B0C0 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTC_DFER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.5/236
4004_B0C4 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTC_DFCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.6/237
4004_B0C8 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTC_DFWR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.7/237
4004_C000 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR0) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C004 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR1) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C008 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR2) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C00C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR3) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C010 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR4) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C014 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR5) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C018 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR6) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C01C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR7) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C020 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR8) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C024 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR9) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C028 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR10) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C02C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR11) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C030 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR12) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C034 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR13) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C038 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR14) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C03C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR15) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C040 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR16) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C044 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR17) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C048 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR18) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C04C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR19) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C050 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR20) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C054 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR21) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C058 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR22) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C05C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR23) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C060 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR24) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C064 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR25) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C068 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR26) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C06C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR27) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 11 Port Control and Interrupts (PORT)
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NXP Semiconductors 229
PORT memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_C070 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR28) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C074 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR29) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C078 Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR30) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C07C Pin Control Register n (PORTD_PCR31) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_C080 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTD_GPCLR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.2/235
4004_C084 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTD_GPCHR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.3/235
4004_C0A0 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTD_ISFR) 32 w1c 0000_0000h 11.5.4/236
4004_C0C0 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTD_DFER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.5/236
4004_C0C4 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTD_DFCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.6/237
4004_C0C8 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTD_DFWR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.7/237
4004_D000 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR0) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D004 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR1) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D008 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR2) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D00C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR3) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D010 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR4) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D014 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR5) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D018 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR6) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D01C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR7) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D020 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR8) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D024 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR9) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D028 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR10) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D02C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR11) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D030 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR12) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D034 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR13) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D038 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR14) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D03C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR15) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D040 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR16) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D044 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR17) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D048 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR18) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D04C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR19) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D050 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR20) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D054 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR21) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D058 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR22) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D05C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR23) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D060 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR24) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
230 NXP Semiconductors
PORT memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_D064 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR25) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D068 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR26) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D06C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR27) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D070 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR28) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D074 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR29) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D078 Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR30) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D07C Pin Control Register n (PORTE_PCR31) 32 R/W See section 11.5.1/232
4004_D080 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTE_GPCLR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.2/235
4004_D084 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTE_GPCHR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 11.5.3/235
4004_D0A0 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTE_ISFR) 32 w1c 0000_0000h 11.5.4/236
4004_D0C0 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTE_DFER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.5/236
4004_D0C4 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTE_DFCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.6/237
4004_D0C8 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTE_DFWR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 11.5.7/237
Chapter 11 Port Control and Interrupts (PORT)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 231
11.5.1 Pin Control Register n (PORTx_PCRn)
NOTE
See the Signal Multiplexing and Pin Assignment chapter for the
reset value of this device.
See the GPIO Configuration section for details on the available
functions for each pin.
Do not modify pin configuration registers associated with pins
that are not available in a reduced-pin package offering.
Unbonded pins not available in a package are disabled by
default to prevent them from consuming power.
Address: Base address + 0h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 31d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 ISF 0 IRQC
Ww1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLK 0MUX 0DSE ODE PFE 0SRE PE PS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * 0 * 0 * * *
* Notes:
MUX field: Varies by port. See Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter for reset values per port.•
DSE field: Varies by port. See the Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter for reset values per port.•
PFE field: Varies by port. See Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter for reset values per port.•
SRE field: Varies by port. See Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter for reset values per port.•
PE field: Varies by port. See Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter for reset values per port.•
PS field: Varies by port. See Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter for reset values per port.•
PORTx_PCRn field descriptions
Field Description
31–25
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
24
ISF
Interrupt Status Flag
The pin interrupt configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
Table continues on the next page...
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PORTx_PCRn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Configured interrupt is not detected.
1 Configured interrupt is detected. If the pin is configured to generate a DMA request, then the
corresponding flag will be cleared automatically at the completion of the requested DMA transfer.
Otherwise, the flag remains set until a logic 1 is written to the flag. If the pin is configured for a level
sensitive interrupt and the pin remains asserted, then the flag is set again immediately after it is
cleared.
23–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–16
IRQC
Interrupt Configuration
The pin interrupt configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes. The corresponding pin is configured
to generate interrupt/DMA request as follows:
0000 Interrupt Status Flag (ISF) is disabled.
0001 ISF flag and DMA request on rising edge.
0010 ISF flag and DMA request on falling edge.
0011 ISF flag and DMA request on either edge.
0100 Reserved.
0101 Reserved.
0110 Reserved.
0111 Reserved.
1000 ISF flag and Interrupt when logic 0.
1001 ISF flag and Interrupt on rising-edge.
1010 ISF flag and Interrupt on falling-edge.
1011 ISF flag and Interrupt on either edge.
1100 ISF flag and Interrupt when logic 1.
1101 Reserved.
1110 Reserved.
1111 Reserved.
15
LK
Lock Register
0 Pin Control Register fields [15:0] are not locked.
1 Pin Control Register fields [15:0] are locked and cannot be updated until the next system reset.
14–12
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
11–8
MUX
Pin Mux Control
Not all pins support all pin muxing slots. Unimplemented pin muxing slots are reserved and may result in
configuring the pin for a different pin muxing slot.
The corresponding pin is configured in the following pin muxing slot as follows:
0000 Pin disabled.
0001 Alternative 1 (GPIO).
0010 Alternative 2 (chip-specific).
0011 Alternative 3 (chip-specific).
0100 Alternative 4 (chip-specific).
0101 Alternative 5 (chip-specific).
0110 Alternative 6 (chip-specific).
0111 Alternative 7 (chip-specific).
Table continues on the next page...
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PORTx_PCRn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1000 Alternative 8 (chip-specific).
1001 Alternative 9 (chip-specific).
1010 Alternative 10 (chip-specific).
1011 Alternative 11 (chip-specific).
1100 Alternative 12 (chip-specific).
1101 Alternative 13 (chip-specific).
1110 Alternative 14 (chip-specific).
1111 Alternative 15 (chip-specific).
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6
DSE
Drive Strength Enable
Drive strength configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
0 Low drive strength is configured on the corresponding pin, if pin is configured as a digital output.
1 High drive strength is configured on the corresponding pin, if pin is configured as a digital output.
5
ODE
Open Drain Enable
Open drain configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
0 Open drain output is disabled on the corresponding pin.
1 Open drain output is enabled on the corresponding pin, if the pin is configured as a digital output.
4
PFE
Passive Filter Enable
Passive filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
0 Passive input filter is disabled on the corresponding pin.
1 Passive input filter is enabled on the corresponding pin, if the pin is configured as a digital input. Refer
to the device data sheet for filter characteristics.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
SRE
Slew Rate Enable
Slew rate configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
0 Fast slew rate is configured on the corresponding pin, if the pin is configured as a digital output.
1 Slow slew rate is configured on the corresponding pin, if the pin is configured as a digital output.
1
PE
Pull Enable
Pull configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
0 Internal pullup or pulldown resistor is not enabled on the corresponding pin.
1 Internal pullup or pulldown resistor is enabled on the corresponding pin, if the pin is configured as a
digital input.
0
PS
Pull Select
Pull configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
0 Internal pulldown resistor is enabled on the corresponding pin, if the corresponding PE field is set.
1 Internal pullup resistor is enabled on the corresponding pin, if the corresponding PE field is set.
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11.5.2 Global Pin Control Low Register (PORTx_GPCLR)
Only 32-bit writes are supported to this register.
Address: Base address + 80h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0
WGPWE GPWD
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PORTx_GPCLR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
GPWE
Global Pin Write Enable
Selects which Pin Control Registers (15 through 0) bits [15:0] update with the value in GPWD. If a
selected Pin Control Register is locked then the write to that register is ignored.
0 Corresponding Pin Control Register is not updated with the value in GPWD.
1 Corresponding Pin Control Register is updated with the value in GPWD.
GPWD Global Pin Write Data
Write value that is written to all Pin Control Registers bits [15:0] that are selected by GPWE.
11.5.3 Global Pin Control High Register (PORTx_GPCHR)
Only 32-bit writes are supported to this register.
Address: Base address + 84h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0
WGPWE GPWD
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PORTx_GPCHR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
GPWE
Global Pin Write Enable
Selects which Pin Control Registers (31 through 16) bits [15:0] update with the value in GPWD. If a
selected Pin Control Register is locked then the write to that register is ignored.
0 Corresponding Pin Control Register is not updated with the value in GPWD.
1 Corresponding Pin Control Register is updated with the value in GPWD.
GPWD Global Pin Write Data
Write value that is written to all Pin Control Registers bits [15:0] that are selected by GPWE.
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11.5.4 Interrupt Status Flag Register (PORTx_ISFR)
The pin interrupt configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes. The Interrupt
Status Flag for each pin is also visible in the corresponding Pin Control Register, and
each flag can be cleared in either location.
Address: Base address + A0h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RISF
Ww1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PORTx_ISFR field descriptions
Field Description
ISF Interrupt Status Flag
Each bit in the field indicates the detection of the configured interrupt of the same number as the field.
0 Configured interrupt is not detected.
1 Configured interrupt is detected. If the pin is configured to generate a DMA request, then the
corresponding flag will be cleared automatically at the completion of the requested DMA transfer.
Otherwise, the flag remains set until a logic 1 is written to the flag. If the pin is configured for a level
sensitive interrupt and the pin remains asserted, then the flag is set again immediately after it is
cleared.
11.5.5 Digital Filter Enable Register (PORTx_DFER)
The corresponding bit is read only for pins that do not support a digital filter. Refer to the
Chapter of Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions for the pins that support digital
filter.
The digital filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
Address: Base address + C0h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RDFE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PORTx_DFER field descriptions
Field Description
DFE Digital Filter Enable
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PORTx_DFER field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
The digital filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes. The output of each digital filter is
reset to zero at system reset and whenever the digital filter is disabled. Each bit in the field enables the
digital filter of the same number as the field.
0 Digital filter is disabled on the corresponding pin and output of the digital filter is reset to zero.
1 Digital filter is enabled on the corresponding pin, if the pin is configured as a digital input.
11.5.6 Digital Filter Clock Register (PORTx_DFCR)
This register is read only for ports that do not support a digital filter.
The digital filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
Address: Base address + C4h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PORTx_DFCR field descriptions
Field Description
31–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
CS
Clock Source
The digital filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes. Configures the clock source for the
digital input filters. Changing the filter clock source must be done only when all digital filters are disabled.
0 Digital filters are clocked by the bus clock.
1 Digital filters are clocked by the LPO clock.
11.5.7 Digital Filter Width Register (PORTx_DFWR)
This register is read only for ports that do not support a digital filter.
The digital filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes.
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Address: Base address + C8h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0FILT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PORTx_DFWR field descriptions
Field Description
31–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
FILT Filter Length
The digital filter configuration is valid in all digital pin muxing modes. Configures the maximum size of the
glitches, in clock cycles, that the digital filter absorbs for the enabled digital filters. Glitches that are longer
than this register setting will pass through the digital filter, and glitches that are equal to or less than this
register setting are filtered. Changing the filter length must be done only after all filters are disabled.
11.6 Functional description
11.6.1 Pin control
Each port pin has a corresponding Pin Control register, PORT_PCRn, associated with it.
The upper half of the Pin Control register configures the pin's capability to either
interrupt the CPU or request a DMA transfer, on a rising/falling edge or both edges as
well as a logic level occurring on the port pin. It also includes a flag to indicate that an
interrupt has occurred.
The lower half of the Pin Control register configures the following functions for each pin
within the 32-bit port.
• Pullup or pulldown enable
• Drive strength and slew rate configuration
• Open drain enable
• Passive input filter enable
• Pin Muxing mode
The functions apply across all digital pin muxing modes and individual peripherals do not
override the configuration in the Pin Control register. For example, if an I2C function is
enabled on a pin, that does not override the pullup or open drain configuration for that
pin.
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When the Pin Muxing mode is configured for analog or is disabled, all the digital
functions on that pin are disabled. This includes the pullup and pulldown enables, output
buffer enable, input buffer enable, and passive filter enable.
The LK bit (bit 15 of Pin Control Register PCRn) allows the configuration for each pin to
be locked until the next system reset. When locked, writes to the lower half of that pin
control register are ignored, although a bus error is not generated on an attempted write to
a locked register.
The configuration of each Pin Control register is retained when the PORT module is
disabled.
Whenever a pin is configured in any digital pin muxing mode, the input buffer for that
pin is enabled allowing the pin state to be read via the corresponding GPIO Port Data
Input Register (GPIO_PDIR) or allowing a pin interrupt or DMA request to be generated.
If a pin is ever floating when its input buffer is enabled, then this can cause an increase in
power consumption and must be avoided. A pin can be floating due to an input pin that is
not connected or an output pin that has tri-stated (output buffer is disabled).
Enabling the internal pull resistor (or implementing an external pull resistor) will ensure a
pin does not float when its input buffer is enabled; note that the internal pull resistor is
automatically disabled whenever the output buffer is enabled allowing the Pull Enable bit
to remain set. Configuring the Pin Muxing mode to disabled or analog will disable the
pin’s input buffer and results in the lowest power consumption.
11.6.2 Global pin control
The two global pin control registers allow a single register write to update the lower half
of the pin control register on up to 16 pins, all with the same value. Registers that are
locked cannot be written using the global pin control registers.
The global pin control registers are designed to enable software to quickly configure
multiple pins within the one port for the same peripheral function. However, the interrupt
functions cannot be configured using the global pin control registers.
The global pin control registers are write-only registers, that always read as 0.
11.6.3 External interrupts
The external interrupt capability of the PORT module is available in all digital pin
muxing modes provided the PORT module is enabled.
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Each pin can be individually configured for any of the following external interrupt
modes:
• Interrupt disabled, default out of reset
• Active high level sensitive interrupt
• Active low level sensitive interrupt
• Rising edge sensitive interrupt
• Falling edge sensitive interrupt
• Rising and falling edge sensitive interrupt
• Rising edge sensitive DMA request
• Falling edge sensitive DMA request
• Rising and falling edge sensitive DMA request
The interrupt status flag is set when the configured edge or level is detected on the pin or
at the output of the digital input filter, if the digital input digital filter is enabled. When
not in Stop mode, the input is first synchronized to the bus clock to detect the configured
level or edge transition.
The PORT module generates a single interrupt that asserts when the interrupt status flag
is set for any enabled interrupt for that port. The interrupt negates after the interrupt status
flags for all enabled interrupts have been cleared by writing a logic 1 to the ISF flag in
either the PORT_ISFR or PORT_PCRn registers.
The PORT module generates a single DMA request that asserts when the interrupt status
flag is set for any enabled DMA request in that port. The DMA request negates after the
DMA transfer is completed, because that clears the interrupt status flags for all enabled
DMA requests.
During Stop mode, the interrupt status flag for any enabled interrupt is asynchronously
set if the required level or edge is detected. This also generates an asynchronous wake-up
signal to exit the Low-Power mode.
11.6.4 Digital filter
The digital filter capabilities of the PORT module are available in all digital Pin Muxing
modes if the PORT module is enabled.
The clock used for all digital filters within one port can be configured between the bus
clock or the LPO clock. This selection must be changed only when all digital filters for
that port are disabled. If the digital filters for a port are configured to use the bus clock,
then the digital filters are bypassed for the duration of Stop mode. While the digital filters
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are bypassed, the output of each digital filter always equals the input pin, but the internal
state of the digital filters remains static and does not update due to any change on the
input pin.
The filter width in clock size is the same for all enabled digital filters within one port and
must be changed only when all digital filters for that port are disabled.
The output of each digital filter is logic zero after system reset and whenever a digital
filter is disabled. After a digital filter is enabled, the input is synchronized to the filter
clock, either the bus clock or the LPO clock. If the synchronized input and the output of
the digital filter remain different for a number of filter clock cycles equal to the filter
width register configuration, then the output of the digital filter updates to equal the
synchronized filter input.
The maximum latency through a digital filter equals three filter clock cycles plus the
filter width configuration register.
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Functional description
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Chapter 12
System Integration Module (SIM)
12.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The System Integration Module (SIM) provides system control and chip configuration
registers.
12.1.1 Features
Features of the SIM include:
• System clocking configuration
• System clock divide values
• Architectural clock gating control
• USB clock selection and divide values
• Flash and system RAM size configuration
• FlexTimer external clock, hardware trigger, and fault source selection
• UART0 and UART1 receive/transmit source selection/configuration
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12.2 Memory map and register definition
The SIM module contains many fields for selecting the clock source and dividers for
various module clocks. See the Clock Distribution chapter for more information,
including block diagrams and clock definitions.
NOTE
The SIM_SOPT1 and SIM_SOPT1CFG registers are located at
a different base address than the other SIM registers.
SIM memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_7000 System Options Register 1 (SIM_SOPT1) 32 R/W See section 12.2.1/245
4004_7004 SOPT1 Configuration Register (SIM_SOPT1CFG) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 12.2.2/246
4004_8004 System Options Register 2 (SIM_SOPT2) 32 R/W 0000_1000h 12.2.3/247
4004_800C System Options Register 4 (SIM_SOPT4) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 12.2.4/249
4004_8010 System Options Register 5 (SIM_SOPT5) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 12.2.5/251
4004_8018 System Options Register 7 (SIM_SOPT7) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 12.2.6/253
4004_801C System Options Register 8 (SIM_SOPT8) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 12.2.7/255
4004_8024 System Device Identification Register (SIM_SDID) 32 R See section 12.2.8/256
4004_8034 System Clock Gating Control Register 4 (SIM_SCGC4) 32 R/W F010_0030h 12.2.9/258
4004_8038 System Clock Gating Control Register 5 (SIM_SCGC5) 32 R/W 0004_0182h 12.2.10/260
4004_803C System Clock Gating Control Register 6 (SIM_SCGC6) 32 R/W 4000_0001h 12.2.11/262
4004_8040 System Clock Gating Control Register 7 (SIM_SCGC7) 32 R/W 0000_0002h 12.2.12/265
4004_8044 System Clock Divider Register 1 (SIM_CLKDIV1) 32 R/W See section 12.2.13/265
4004_8048 System Clock Divider Register 2 (SIM_CLKDIV2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 12.2.14/267
4004_804C Flash Configuration Register 1 (SIM_FCFG1) 32 R See section 12.2.15/268
4004_8050 Flash Configuration Register 2 (SIM_FCFG2) 32 R See section 12.2.16/270
4004_8054 Unique Identification Register High (SIM_UIDH) 32 R See section 12.2.17/270
4004_8058 Unique Identification Register Mid-High (SIM_UIDMH) 32 R See section 12.2.18/271
4004_805C Unique Identification Register Mid Low (SIM_UIDML) 32 R See section 12.2.19/271
4004_8060 Unique Identification Register Low (SIM_UIDL) 32 R See section 12.2.20/272
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12.2.1 System Options Register 1 (SIM_SOPT1)
NOTE
The SOPT1 register is only reset on POR or LVD.
Address: 4004_7000h base + 0h offset = 4004_7000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RReserved 0OSC32KSEL OSC32KOUT
W
Reset x* x* x* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RRAMSIZE 0 Reserved
W
Reset x* x* x* x* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
SIM_SOPT1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
28–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–18
OSC32KSEL
32K oscillator clock select
Selects the 32 kHz clock source (ERCLK32K) for LPTMR. This field is reset only on POR/LVD.
00 System oscillator (OSC32KCLK)
01 Reserved
10 RTC 32.768kHz oscillator
11 LPO 1 kHz
17–16
OSC32KOUT
32K Oscillator Clock Output
Outputs the ERCLK32K on the selected pin in all modes of operation (including LLS/VLLS and System
Reset), overriding the existing pin mux configuration for that pin. This field is reset only on POR/LVD.
00 ERCLK32K is not output.
01 ERCLK32K is output on PTE0.
10 ERCLK32K is output on PTE26.
11 Reserved.
15–12
RAMSIZE
RAM size
This field specifies the amount of system RAM available on the device.
Table continues on the next page...
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SIM_SOPT1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0001 8 KB
0011 16 KB
0100 24 KB
0101 32 KB
0110 48 KB
0111 64 KB
1000 96 KB
1001 128 KB
1011 256 KB
1101 512 KB
1111 1024 KB
11–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
Reserved This field is reserved.
12.2.2 SOPT1 Configuration Register (SIM_SOPT1CFG)
NOTE
The SOPT1CFG register is reset on System Reset not VLLS.
Address: 4004_7000h base + 4h offset = 4004_7004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0 0 0 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SIM_SOPT1CFG field descriptions
Field Description
31–27
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
26–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
9–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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12.2.3 System Options Register 2 (SIM_SOPT2)
SOPT2 contains the controls for selecting many of the module clock source options on
this device. See the Clock Distribution chapter for more information including clocking
diagrams and definitions of device clocks.
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1004h offset = 4004_8004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 0
LPUARTSRC
0 0 0
USBSRC
PLLFLLSEL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
TRACECLKSE
L
0 0 0
CLKOUTSEL
RTCCLKOUTS
EL
0
W
Reset 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SIM_SOPT2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–30
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
29–28
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
27–26
LPUARTSRC
LPUART clock source select
Selects the clock source for the LPUART transmit and receive clock.
00 Clock disabled
01 MCGFLLCLK , or IRC48M clock as selected by SOPT2[PLLFLLSEL].
10 OSCERCLK clock
11 MCGIRCLK clock
25–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23–22
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
21–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18
USBSRC
USB clock source select
Table continues on the next page...
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SIM_SOPT2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Selects the clock source for the USB 48 MHz clock.
0 External bypass clock (USB_CLKIN).
1 MCGFLLCLK, or IRC48M clock as selected by SOPT2[PLLFLLSEL], and then divided by the USB
fractional divider as configured by SIM_CLKDIV2[USBFRAC, USBDIV].
17–16
PLLFLLSEL
PLL/FLL clock select
Selects the high frequency clock for various peripheral clocking options.
NOTE: Not all chips have the option to select a PLL clock.
00 MCGFLLCLK clock
01 Reserved
10 Reserved
11 IRC48 MHz clock
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
TRACECLKSEL
Debug trace clock select
Selects the core/system clock, or MCG output clock (MCGOUTCLK) as the trace clock source.
0 MCGOUTCLK
1 Core/system clock
11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
9–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–5
CLKOUTSEL
CLKOUT select
Selects the clock to output on the CLKOUT pin.
000 Reserved
001 Reserved
010 Flash clock
011 LPO clock (1 kHz)
100 MCGIRCLK
101 RTC 32.768kHz clock
110 OSCERCLK0
111 IRC 48 MHz clock
4
RTCCLKOUTSEL
RTC clock out select
Selects either the RTC 1 Hz clock or the 32.768kHz clock to be output on the RTC_CLKOUT pin.
0 RTC 1 Hz clock is output on the RTC_CLKOUT pin.
1 RTC 32.768kHz clock is output on the RTC_CLKOUT pin.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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12.2.4 System Options Register 4 (SIM_SOPT4)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 100Ch offset = 4004_800Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
FTM0TRG1SR
C
FTM0TRG0SR
C
0
FTM2CLKSEL
FTM1CLKSEL
FTM0CLKSEL
0
FTM2CH1SRC
FTM2CH0SRC
FTM1CH0SRC
0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
FTM2FLT0
0
FTM1FLT0
0 0
FTM0FLT1
FTM0FLT0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SIM_SOPT4 field descriptions
Field Description
31–30
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
29
FTM0TRG1SRC
FlexTimer 0 Hardware Trigger 1 Source Select
Selects the source of FTM0 hardware trigger 1.
0 PDB output trigger 1 drives FTM0 hardware trigger 1
1 FTM2 channel match drives FTM0 hardware trigger 1
28
FTM0TRG0SRC
FlexTimer 0 Hardware Trigger 0 Source Select
Selects the source of FTM0 hardware trigger 0.
0 HSCMP0 output drives FTM0 hardware trigger 0
1 FTM1 channel match drives FTM0 hardware trigger 0
27
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
26
FTM2CLKSEL
FlexTimer 2 External Clock Pin Select
Selects the external pin used to drive the clock to the FTM2 module.
NOTE: The selected pin must also be configured for the FTM2 module external clock function through
the appropriate pin control register in the port control module.
0 FTM2 external clock driven by FTM_CLK0 pin.
1 FTM2 external clock driven by FTM_CLK1 pin.
25
FTM1CLKSEL
FTM1 External Clock Pin Select
Selects the external pin used to drive the clock to the FTM1 module.
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SIM_SOPT4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
NOTE: The selected pin must also be configured for the FTM external clock function through the
appropriate pin control register in the port control module.
0 FTM_CLK0 pin
1 FTM_CLK1 pin
24
FTM0CLKSEL
FlexTimer 0 External Clock Pin Select
Selects the external pin used to drive the clock to the FTM0 module.
NOTE: The selected pin must also be configured for the FTM external clock function through the
appropriate pin control register in the port control module.
0 FTM_CLK0 pin
1 FTM_CLK1 pin
23
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
22
FTM2CH1SRC
FTM2 channel 1 input capture source select
0 FTM2_CH1 signal
1 Exclusive OR of FTM2_CH1, FTM2_CH0 and FTM1_CH1.
21–20
FTM2CH0SRC
FTM2 channel 0 input capture source select
Selects the source for FTM2 channel 0 input capture.
NOTE: When the FTM is not in input capture mode, clear this field.
00 FTM2_CH0 signal
01 CMP0 output
10 CMP1 output
11 Reserved
19–18
FTM1CH0SRC
FTM1 channel 0 input capture source select
Selects the source for FTM1 channel 0 input capture.
NOTE: When the FTM is not in input capture mode, clear this field.
00 FTM1_CH0 signal
01 CMP0 output
10 CMP1 output
11 USB start of frame pulse
17–9
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
8
FTM2FLT0
FTM2 Fault 0 Select
Selects the source of FTM2 fault 0.
NOTE: The pin source for fault 0 must be configured for the FTM module fault function through the
appropriate PORTx pin control register.
0 FTM2_FLT0 pin
1 CMP0 out
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SIM_SOPT4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
FTM1FLT0
FTM1 Fault 0 Select
Selects the source of FTM1 fault 0.
NOTE: The pin source for fault 0 must be configured for the FTM module fault function through the
appropriate pin control register in the port control module.
0 FTM1_FLT0 pin
1 CMP0 out
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
FTM0FLT1
FTM0 Fault 1 Select
Selects the source of FTM0 fault 1.
NOTE: The pin source for fault 1 must be configured for the FTM module fault function through the
appropriate pin control register in the port control module.
0 FTM0_FLT1 pin
1 CMP1 out
0
FTM0FLT0
FTM0 Fault 0 Select
Selects the source of FTM0 fault 0.
NOTE: The pin source for fault 0 must be configured for the FTM module fault function through the
appropriate pin control register in the port control module.
0 FTM0_FLT0 pin
1 CMP0 out
12.2.5 System Options Register 5 (SIM_SOPT5)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1010h offset = 4004_8010h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
LPUART0RXS
RC
0 0
UART1RXSRC
UART1TXSRC
UART0RXSRC
UART0TXSRC
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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SIM_SOPT5 field descriptions
Field Description
31–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–18
LPUART0RXSRC
LPUART0 receive data source select
Selects the source for the LPUART0 receive data.
00 LPUART0_RX pin
01 CMP0 output
10 CMP1 output
11 Reserved
17–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–6
UART1RXSRC
UART 1 receive data source select
Selects the source for the UART 1 receive data.
00 UART1_RX pin
01 CMP0
10 CMP1
11 Reserved
5–4
UART1TXSRC
UART 1 transmit data source select
Selects the source for the UART 1 transmit data.
00 UART1_TX pin
01 UART1_TX pin modulated with FTM1 channel 0 output
10 UART1_TX pin modulated with FTM2 channel 0 output
11 Reserved
3–2
UART0RXSRC
UART 0 receive data source select
Selects the source for the UART 0 receive data.
00 UART0_RX pin
01 CMP0
10 CMP1
11 Reserved
UART0TXSRC UART 0 transmit data source select
Selects the source for the UART 0 transmit data.
00 UART0_TX pin
01 UART0_TX pin modulated with FTM1 channel 0 output
10 UART0_TX pin modulated with FTM2 channel 0 output
11 Reserved
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12.2.6 System Options Register 7 (SIM_SOPT7)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1018h offset = 4004_8018h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
ADC1ALTTRGE
N
0
ADC1PRETRGS
EL
ADC1TRGSEL
ADC0ALTTRGE
N
0
ADC0PRETRGS
EL
ADC0TRGSEL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SIM_SOPT7 field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15
ADC1ALTTRGEN
ADC1 alternate trigger enable
Enable alternative conversion triggers for ADC1.
0 PDB trigger selected for ADC1
1 Alternate trigger selected for ADC1 as defined by ADC1TRGSEL.
14–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
ADC1PRETRGSEL
ADC1 pre-trigger select
Selects the ADC1 pre-trigger source when alternative triggers are enabled through ADC1ALTTRGEN.
0 Pre-trigger A selected for ADC1.
1 Pre-trigger B selected for ADC1.
11–8
ADC1TRGSEL
ADC1 trigger select
Selects the ADC1 trigger source when alternative triggers are functional in stop and VLPS modes.
0000 PDB external trigger pin input (PDB0_EXTRG)
0001 High speed comparator 0 output
0010 High speed comparator 1 output
0011 Reserved
0100 PIT trigger 0
0101 PIT trigger 1
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SIM_SOPT7 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0110 PIT trigger 2
0111 PIT trigger 3
1000 FTM0 trigger
1001 FTM1 trigger
1010 FTM2 trigger
1011 Reserved
1100 RTC alarm
1101 RTC seconds
1110 Low-power timer (LPTMR) trigger
1111 Reserved
7
ADC0ALTTRGEN
ADC0 alternate trigger enable
Enable alternative conversion triggers for ADC0.
0 PDB trigger selected for ADC0.
1 Alternate trigger selected for ADC0.
6–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
ADC0PRETRGSEL
ADC0 pretrigger select
Selects the ADC0 pre-trigger source when alternative triggers are enabled through ADC0ALTTRGEN.
0 Pre-trigger A
1 Pre-trigger B
ADC0TRGSEL ADC0 trigger select
Selects the ADC0 trigger source when alternative triggers are functional in stop and VLPS modes. .
0000 PDB external trigger pin input (PDB0_EXTRG)
0001 High speed comparator 0 output
0010 High speed comparator 1 output
0011 Reserved
0100 PIT trigger 0
0101 PIT trigger 1
0110 PIT trigger 2
0111 PIT trigger 3
1000 FTM0 trigger
1001 FTM1 trigger
1010 FTM2 trigger
1011 Reserved
1100 RTC alarm
1101 RTC seconds
1110 Low-power timer (LPTMR) trigger
1111 Reserved
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12.2.7 System Options Register 8 (SIM_SOPT8)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 101Ch offset = 4004_801Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
FTM0OCH7SR
C
FTM0OCH6SR
C
FTM0OCH5SR
C
FTM0OCH4SR
C
FTM0OCH3SR
C
FTM0OCH2SR
C
FTM0OCH1SR
C
FTM0OCH0SR
C
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0
FTM2SYNCBIT
FTM1SYNCBIT
FTM0SYNCBIT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SIM_SOPT8 field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23
FTM0OCH7SRC
FTM0 channel 7 output source
0 FTM0_CH7 pin is output of FTM0 channel 7 output
1 FTM0_CH7 pin is output of FTM0 channel 7 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
22
FTM0OCH6SRC
FTM0 channel 6 output source
0 FTM0_CH6 pin is output of FTM0 channel 6 output
1 FTM0_CH6 pin is output of FTM0 channel 6 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
21
FTM0OCH5SRC
FTM0 channel 5 output source
0 FTM0_CH5 pin is output of FTM0 channel 5 output
1 FTM0_CH5 pin is output of FTM0 channel 5 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
20
FTM0OCH4SRC
FTM0 channel 4 output source
0 FTM0_CH4 pin is output of FTM0 channel 4 output
1 FTM0_CH4 pin is output of FTM0 channel 4 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
19
FTM0OCH3SRC
FTM0 channel 3 output source
0 FTM0_CH3 pin is output of FTM0 channel 3 output
1 FTM0_CH3 pin is output of FTM0 channel 3 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
18
FTM0OCH2SRC
FTM0 channel 2 output source
0 FTM0_CH2 pin is output of FTM0 channel 2 output
1 FTM0_CH2 pin is output of FTM0 channel 2 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
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SIM_SOPT8 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
17
FTM0OCH1SRC
FTM0 channel 1 output source
0 FTM0_CH1 pin is output of FTM0 channel 1 output
1 FTM0_CH1 pin is output of FTM0 channel 1 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
16
FTM0OCH0SRC
FTM0 channel 0 output source
0 FTM0_CH0 pin is output of FTM0 channel 0 output
1 FTM0_CH0 pin is output of FTM0 channel 0 output, modulated by FTM1 channel 1 output
15–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
FTM2SYNCBIT
FTM2 Hardware Trigger 0 Software Synchronization
0 No effect.
1 Write 1 to assert the TRIG0 input to FTM2, software must clear this bit to allow other trigger sources
to assert.
1
FTM1SYNCBIT
FTM1 Hardware Trigger 0 Software Synchronization
0 No effect.
1 Write 1 to assert the TRIG0 input to FTM1, software must clear this bit to allow other trigger sources
to assert.
0
FTM0SYNCBIT
FTM0 Hardware Trigger 0 Software Synchronization
0 No effect
1 Write 1 to assert the TRIG0 input to FTM0, software must clear this bit to allow other trigger sources
to assert.
12.2.8 System Device Identification Register (SIM_SDID)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1024h offset = 4004_8024h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RFAMILYID SUBFAMID SERIESID 0 REVID DIEID FAMID PINID
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* 0 0 0 0 x* x* x* x* 0 1 1 0 1 x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
SIM_SDID field descriptions
Field Description
31–28
FAMILYID
Kinetis Family ID
Specifies the Kinetis family of the device.
0000 K0x Family
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SIM_SDID field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0001 K1x Family
0010 K2x Family
0011 K3x Family
0100 K4x Family
0110 K6x Family
0111 K7x Family
1000 K8x Family
27–24
SUBFAMID
Kinetis Sub-Family ID
Specifies the Kinetis sub-family of the device.
0000 Kx0 Subfamily
0001 Kx1 Subfamily (tamper detect)
0010 Kx2 Subfamily
0011 Kx3 Subfamily (tamper detect)
0100 Kx4 Subfamily
0101 Kx5 Subfamily (tamper detect)
0110 Kx6 Subfamily
23–20
SERIESID
Kinetis Series ID
Specifies the Kinetis series of the device.
0000 Kinetis K series
0001 Kinetis L series
0101 Kinetis W series
0110 Kinetis V series
19–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15–12
REVID
Device revision number
Specifies the silicon implementation number for the device.
11–7
DIEID
Device Die ID
Specifies the silicon feature set identication number for the device.
6–4
FAMID
Kinetis family identification
This field is maintained for compatibility only, but has been superceded by the SERIESID, FAMILYID and
SUBFAMID fields in this register.
000 K1x Family (without tamper)
001 K2x Family (without tamper)
010 K3x Family or K1x/K6x Family (with tamper)
011 K4x Family or K2x Family (with tamper)
100 K6x Family (without tamper)
101 K7x Family
110 Reserved
111 Reserved
PINID Pincount identification
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SIM_SDID field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Specifies the pincount of the device.
0000 Reserved
0001 Reserved
0010 32-pin
0011 Reserved
0100 48-pin
0101 64-pin
0110 80-pin
0111 81-pin or 121-pin
1000 100-pin
1001 121-pin
1010 144-pin
1011 Custom pinout (WLCSP)
1100 169-pin
1101 Reserved
1110 256-pin
1111 Reserved
12.2.9 System Clock Gating Control Register 4 (SIM_SCGC4)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1034h offset = 4004_8034h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R1 0
VREF CMP
USBOTG
0
W
Reset 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0
UART2
UART1
UART0
0
I2C1 I2C0
1 0 0
EWM
0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
SIM_SCGC4 field descriptions
Field Description
31–28
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
27–21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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SIM_SCGC4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
20
VREF
VREF Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the VREF module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
19
CMP
Comparator Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the comparator module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
18
USBOTG
USB Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the USB module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
17–14
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
UART2
UART2 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the UART2 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
11
UART1
UART1 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the UART1 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
10
UART0
UART0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the UART0 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
9–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
I2C1
I2C1 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the I 2 C1 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
6
I2C0
I2C0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the I 2 C0 module.
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SIM_SCGC4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
5–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
EWM
EWM Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the EWM module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12.2.10 System Clock Gating Control Register 5 (SIM_SCGC5)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1038h offset = 4004_8038h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 1 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
PORTE
PORTD
PORTC
PORTB
PORTA
1 0 0 0 0 1
LPTMR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
SIM_SCGC5 field descriptions
Field Description
31–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
17–14
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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SIM_SCGC5 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
13
PORTE
Port E Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the Port E module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
12
PORTD
Port D Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the Port D module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
11
PORTC
Port C Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the Port C module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
10
PORTB
Port B Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the Port B module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
9
PORTA
Port A Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the Port A module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
8–7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
0
LPTMR
Low Power Timer Access Control
This bit controls software access to the Low Power Timer module.
0 Access disabled
1 Access enabled
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12.2.11 System Clock Gating Control Register 6 (SIM_SCGC6)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 103Ch offset = 4004_803Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
DAC0
1
RTC
0
ADC0
FTM2
FTM1
FTM0
PIT PDB
0 0
CRC
0
W
Reset 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
I2S
0
SPI1 SPI0
0
LPUART0
0 0
ADC1
0 0 0 0
DMAMUX
FTF
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
SIM_SCGC6 field descriptions
Field Description
31
DAC0
DAC0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the DAC0 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
30
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
29
RTC
RTC Access Control
This bit controls software access and interrupts to the RTC module.
0 Access and interrupts disabled
1 Access and interrupts enabled
28
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
27
ADC0
ADC0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the ADC0 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
26
FTM2
FTM2 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the FTM2 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
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SIM_SCGC6 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
25
FTM1
FTM1 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the FTM1 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
24
FTM0
FTM0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the FTM0 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
23
PIT
PIT Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the PIT module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
22
PDB
PDB Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the PDB module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
20–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18
CRC
CRC Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the CRC module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
17–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15
I2S
I2S Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the I 2 S module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
14
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
13
SPI1
SPI1 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the SPI1 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
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SIM_SCGC6 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
12
SPI0
SPI0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the SPI0 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
10
LPUART0
LPUART0 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the LPUART0 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
9
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
ADC1
ADC1 Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the ADC1 module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
DMAMUX
DMA Mux Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the DMA Mux module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
0
FTF
Flash Memory Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the flash memory. Flash reads are still supported while the flash memory
is clock gated, but entry into low power modes and HSRUN mode is blocked.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
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12.2.12 System Clock Gating Control Register 7 (SIM_SCGC7)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1040h offset = 4004_8040h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0 0 DMA 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
SIM_SCGC7 field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
DMA
DMA Clock Gate Control
This bit controls the clock gate to the DMA module.
0 Clock disabled
1 Clock enabled
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12.2.13 System Clock Divider Register 1 (SIM_CLKDIV1)
When updating CLKDIV1, update all fields using the one write command. Attempting to
write an invalid clock ratio to the CLKDIV1 register will cause the write to be ignored.
The maximum divide ratio that can be programmed between core/system clock and the
other divided clocks is divide by 8. When OUTDIV1 equals 0000 (divide by 1), the other
dividers cannot be set higher than 0111 (divide by 8).
NOTE
The CLKDIV1 register cannot be written to when the device is
in VLPR mode.
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Address: 4004_7000h base + 1044h offset = 4004_8044h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ROUTDIV1 OUTDIV2 0OUTDIV4 0
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 1* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
SIM_CLKDIV1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–28
OUTDIV1
Clock 1 output divider value
This field sets the divide value for the core/system clock from MCGOUTCLK. At the end of reset, it is
loaded with either 0000 or 0111 depending on FTF_FOPT[LPBOOT].
0000 Divide-by-1.
0001 Divide-by-2.
0010 Divide-by-3.
0011 Divide-by-4.
0100 Divide-by-5.
0101 Divide-by-6.
0110 Divide-by-7.
0111 Divide-by-8.
1000 Divide-by-9.
1001 Divide-by-10.
1010 Divide-by-11.
1011 Divide-by-12.
1100 Divide-by-13.
1101 Divide-by-14.
1110 Divide-by-15.
1111 Divide-by-16.
27–24
OUTDIV2
Clock 2 output divider value
This field sets the divide value for the bus clock from MCGOUTCLK. At the end of reset, it is loaded with
either 0000 or 0111 depending on FTF_FOPT[LPBOOT]. The bus clock frequency must be an integer
divide of the core/system clock frequency.
0000 Divide-by-1.
0001 Divide-by-2.
0010 Divide-by-3.
0011 Divide-by-4.
0100 Divide-by-5.
0101 Divide-by-6.
0110 Divide-by-7.
0111 Divide-by-8.
1000 Divide-by-9.
1001 Divide-by-10.
1010 Divide-by-11.
1011 Divide-by-12.
1100 Divide-by-13.
1101 Divide-by-14.
1110 Divide-by-15.
1111 Divide-by-16.
Table continues on the next page...
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SIM_CLKDIV1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
23–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–16
OUTDIV4
Clock 4 output divider value
This field sets the divide value for the flash clock from MCGOUTCLK. At the end of reset, it is loaded with
either 0001 or 1111 depending on FTF_FOPT[LPBOOT]. The flash clock frequency must be an integer
divide of the system clock frequency.
0000 Divide-by-1.
0001 Divide-by-2.
0010 Divide-by-3.
0011 Divide-by-4.
0100 Divide-by-5.
0101 Divide-by-6.
0110 Divide-by-7.
0111 Divide-by-8.
1000 Divide-by-9.
1001 Divide-by-10.
1010 Divide-by-11.
1011 Divide-by-12.
1100 Divide-by-13.
1101 Divide-by-14.
1110 Divide-by-15.
1111 Divide-by-16.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12.2.14 System Clock Divider Register 2 (SIM_CLKDIV2)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1048h offset = 4004_8048h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
USBDIV
USBFRAC
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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SIM_CLKDIV2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3–1
USBDIV
USB clock divider divisor
This field sets the divide value for the fractional clock divider when the MCGFLLCLK, or IRC48M clock is
the USB clock source (SOPT2[USBSRC] = 1).
Divider output clock = Divider input clock × [ (USBFRAC+1) / (USBDIV+1) ]
0
USBFRAC
USB clock divider fraction
This field sets the fraction multiply value for the fractional clock divider when the MCGFLLCLK, or IRC48M
clock is the USB clock source (SOPT2[USBSRC] = 1).
Divider output clock = Divider input clock × [ (USBFRAC+1) / (USBDIV+1) ]
12.2.15 Flash Configuration Register 1 (SIM_FCFG1)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 104Ch offset = 4004_804Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 PFSIZE 0 1
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 1* 1* 1* 1* 0* 0* 0* 0* 1* 1* 1* 1*
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 1 0
FLASHDOZE
FLASHDIS
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 1* 1* 1* 1* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
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SIM_FCFG1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–28
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
27–24
PFSIZE
Program flash size
This field specifies the amount of program flash memory available on the device . Undefined values are
reserved.
0011 32 KB of program flash memory
0101 64 KB of program flash memory
0111 128 KB of program flash memory
1001 256 KB of program flash memory
1011 512 KB of program flash memory
1101 1024 KB of program flash memory
1111 128 KB of program flash memory
23–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
15–12
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
11–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
7–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
FLASHDOZE
Flash Doze
When set, Flash memory is disabled for the duration of Wait mode. An attempt by the DMA or other bus
master to access the Flash when the Flash is disabled will result in a bus error. This bit should be clear
during VLP modes. The Flash will be automatically enabled again at the end of Wait mode so interrupt
vectors do not need to be relocated out of Flash memory. The wakeup time from Wait mode is extended
when this bit is set.
0 Flash remains enabled during Wait mode
1 Flash is disabled for the duration of Wait mode
0
FLASHDIS
Flash Disable
Flash accesses are disabled (and generate a bus error) and the Flash memory is placed in a low power
state. This bit should not be changed during VLP modes. Relocate the interrupt vectors out of Flash
memory before disabling the Flash.
0 Flash is enabled
1 Flash is disabled
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12.2.16 Flash Configuration Register 2 (SIM_FCFG2)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1050h offset = 4004_8050h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 MAXADDR0 1 MAXADDR1
W
Reset 0* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
SIM_FCFG2 field descriptions
Field Description
31
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
30–24
MAXADDR0
Max address block 0
This field concatenated with 13 trailing zeros indicates the first invalid address of each program flash
block.
For example, if MAXADDR0 = 0x20 the first invalid address of flash block 0 is 0x0004_0000. This would
be the MAXADDR0 value for a device with 256 KB program flash in flash block 0.
23
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
22–16
MAXADDR1
Max address block 1
This field equals zero if there is only one program flash block, otherwise it equals the value of the
MAXADDR0 field.
For example, with MAXADDR0 = MAXADDR1 = 0x20 the first invalid address of flash block 1 is 0x4_0000
+ 0x4_0000. This would be the MAXADDR1 value for a device with 512 KB program flash memory across
two flash blocks and no FlexNVM.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12.2.17 Unique Identification Register High (SIM_UIDH)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1054h offset = 4004_8054h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RUID
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
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SIM_UIDH field descriptions
Field Description
UID Unique Identification
Unique identification for the device.
12.2.18 Unique Identification Register Mid-High (SIM_UIDMH)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1058h offset = 4004_8058h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RUID
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
SIM_UIDMH field descriptions
Field Description
UID Unique Identification
Unique identification for the device.
12.2.19 Unique Identification Register Mid Low (SIM_UIDML)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 105Ch offset = 4004_805Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RUID
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
SIM_UIDML field descriptions
Field Description
UID Unique Identification
Unique identification for the device.
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12.2.20 Unique Identification Register Low (SIM_UIDL)
Address: 4004_7000h base + 1060h offset = 4004_8060h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RUID
W
Reset 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0* 0*
SIM_UIDL field descriptions
Field Description
UID Unique Identification
Unique identification for the device.
12.3 Functional description
For more information about the functions of SIM, see the Introduction section.
Functional description
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Chapter 13
Kinetis Flashloader
13.1 Chip-Specific Information
This device has various peripherals (UART, I2C, SPI, USB) supported by the Kinetis
Flashloader. The next table shows the pads used by the Kinetis Flashloader.
Table 13-1. Kinetis Flashloader Peripheral Pinmux
Port Signal
PTE0 UART1_TX
PTE1 UART1_RX
PTC10 I2C0_SCL
PTC11 I2C0_SDA
PTD4 SPI0_PCS
PTD5 SPI0_SCK
PTD6 SPI0_SOUT
PTD7 SPI0_SIN
13.2 Introduction
The Kinetis devices that do not have an on-chip ROM are shipped with the pre-
programmed Kinetis Flashloader in the on-chip flash memory, for one-time, in-system
factory programming. The Kinetis Flashloader’s main task is to load a customer firmware
image into the flash memory. The image on the flash has 2 programs: flashloader_loader
and flashloader. After a device reset, the flashloader_loader program starts its execution
first. The flashloader_loader program copies the contents of flashloader image from the
flash to the on-chip RAM; the device then switches execution to the flashloader program
to execute from RAM.
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For this device, the Kinetis Flashloader can interface with USB, UART, I2C, and SPI
peripherals in slave mode and respond to the commands sent by a master (or host)
communicating on one of those ports. The host/master can be a firmware-download
application running on a PC or an embedded host communicating with the Kinetis
Flashloader. Regardless of the host/master (PC or embedded host), the Kinetis
Flashloader always uses a command protocol to communicate with that host/master.
Commands are provided to write to memory (flash or RAM), erase flash, and get/set
flashloader options and property values. The host application can query the set of
available commands.
This chapter describes Kinetis Flashloader features, functionality, command structure and
which peripherals are supported.
Features supported by the Kinetis Flashloader :
• Supports USB FS, UART, I2C, and SPI peripheral interfaces
• Automatic detection of the active peripheral
• UART peripheral with autobaud
• Common packet-based protocol for all peripherals
• Packet error detection and retransmission
• Protection of RAM used by the flashloader while it is running
• Provides command to read properties of the device, such as flash and RAM size
Table 13-2. Commands supported by the Kinetis Flashloader
Command Description When flash security is
enabled, then this command is
Call Runs user application code and returns control to
bootloader
Not supported
Execute Run user application code that never returns control to
the flashloader
Not supported
FillMemory Fill a range of bytes in flash with a word pattern Not supported
FlashEraseAll Erase the entire flash array Not supported
FlashEraseRegion Erase a range of sectors in flash Not supported
FlashProgramOnce Writes data provided in a command packet to a
specified range of bytes in the program once field
Not supported
FlashReadOnce Returns the contents of the program once field by
given index and byte count
Not supported
FlashReadResource Returns the contents of the IFR field or Flash firmware
ID, by given offset, byte count and option
Not supported
WriteMemory Write data to memory Not supported
ReadMemory Read data from memory Not supported
GetProperty Get the current value of a property Supported
Reset Reset the chip Supported
SetProperty Attempt to modify a writable property Supported
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13.3 Functional Description
The following sub-sections describe the Kinetis Flashloader functionality.
13.3.1 Memory Maps
While executing, the Kinetis Flashloader uses RAM memory.
The Kinetis Flashloader requires a minimum memory space of 32 KB of RAM. For
Kinetis devices with less than this amount of on-chip RAM, the Kinetis Flashloader is not
available.
13.3.2 Start-up Process
As the Kinetis Flashloader begins executing, flashloader operations begin:
1. The flashloader’s temporary working area in RAM is initialized.
2. All supported peripherals are initialized.
3. The flashloader waits for communication to begin on a peripheral.
• There is no timeout for the active peripheral detection process.
• If communication is detected, then all inactive peripherals are shut down, and the
command phase is entered.
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Enter flashloader
Init hardware
Init Flash,
Property and
Memory interfaces
Ping packet
received on
UARTn?
Shutdown unused
Peripherals
Enter flashloader
state machine
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Was a
No
activity
detected on
USB FS?
No
Was
Yes
UARTn
Init USB FS
I2Cn
SPIn
Start byte (0x5A)
received on I2Cn?
Was
Start byte (0x5A)
received on SPIn?
Was
Figure 13-1. Kinetis Flashloader Start-up Flowchart
13.3.3 Clock Configuration
The core runs on the default reset clock (20.9 MHz). After exiting the flashloader, the
core sets the clock configuration back to the reset state (and enables the internal 48 MHz
reference clock for the USB module).
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13.3.4 Flashloader Protocol
This section explains the general protocol for the packet transfers between the host and
the Kinetis Flashloader. The description includes the transfer of packets for different
transactions, such as commands with no data phase and commands with incoming or
outgoing data phase. The next section describes various packet types used in a
transaction.
Each command sent from the host is replied to with a response command.
Commands may include an optional data phase:
• If the data phase is incoming (from host to flashloader ), then the data phase is part
of the original command.
• If the data phase is outgoing (from flashloader to host), then the data phase is part of
the response command.
NOTE
In all protocols (described in the next subsections), the Ack sent
in response to a Command or Data packet can arrive at any time
before, during, or after the Command/Data packet has
processed.
13.3.4.1 Command with no data phase
The protocol for a command with no data phase contains:
• Command packet (from host)
• Generic response command packet (to host)
Command
Host Target
ACK
Process command
Response
ACK
Figure 13-2. Command with No Data Phase
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13.3.4.2 Command with incoming data phase
The protocol for a command with an incoming data phase contains:
• Command packet (from host)
• Generic response command packet (to host)
• Incoming data packets (from host)
• Generic response command packet (to host)
Command
Host Target
ACK
Process command
Initial Response
ACK
Data packet
ACK
Process data
Final data packet
ACK
Final Response
ACK
Process data
Figure 13-3. Command with incoming data phase
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NOTE
• The host may not send any further packets while it (the
host) is waiting for the response to a command.
• If the Generic Response packet prior to the start of the data
phase does not have a status of kStatus_Success, then the
data phase is aborted.
• Data phases may be aborted by the receiving side by
sending the final Generic Response early with a status of
kStatus_AbortDataPhase. The host may abort the data
phase early by sending a zero-length data packet.
•The final Generic Response packet sent after the data
phase includes the status for the entire operation.
13.3.4.3 Command with outgoing data phase
The protocol for a command with an outgoing data phase contains:
• Command packet (from host)
• ReadMemory Response command packet (to host) (kCommandFlag_HasDataPhase
set)
• Outgoing data packets (to host)
• Generic response command packet (to host)
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Command
Host Target
ACK
Process command
Initial Response
ACK
Data packet
ACK
Process data
Final data packet
ACK
Final Response
ACK
Process data
Figure 13-4. Command with outgoing data phase
NOTE
• For the outgoing data phase sequence above, the data phase
is really considered part of the response command.
• The host may not send any further packets while it (the
host) is waiting for the response to a command.
• If the ReadMemory Response command packet prior to the
start of the data phase does not contain the
kCommandFlag_HasDataPhase flag, then the data phase is
aborted.
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• Data phases may be aborted by the host sending the final
Generic Response early with a status of
kStatus_AbortDataPhase. The sending side may abort the
data phase early by sending a zero-length data packet.
•The final Generic Response packet sent after the data
phase includes the status for the entire operation.
13.3.5 Flashloader Packet Types
The Kinetis Flashloader device works in slave mode. All data communication is initiated
by a host, which is either a PC or an embedded host . The Kinetis Flashloader device is
the target, which receives a command or data packet. All data communication between
host and target is packetized.
NOTE
The term "target" refers to the "Kinetis Flashloader device."
There are 6 types of packets used in the device:
• Ping packet
• Ping Response packet
• Framing packet
• Command packet
• Data packet
• Response packet
All fields in the packets are in little-endian byte order.
13.3.5.1 Ping packet
The Ping packet is the first packet sent from a host to the target (Kinetis Flashloader), to
establish a connection on a selected peripheral. For a UART peripheral, the Ping packet is
used to determine the baudrate. A Ping packet must be sent before any other
communications. In response to a Ping packet, the target sends a Ping Response packet.
Table 13-3. Ping Packet Format
Byte # Value Name
0 0x5A start byte
1 0xA6 ping
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Target executes UART autobaud if necessary
Host Target
PingResponse Packet:
0x5a 0xa7 0x00 0x02 0x01 0x50 0x00 0x00 0xaa 0xea
Ping Packet 0x5a 0xa6
Figure 13-5. Ping Packet Protocol Sequence
13.3.5.2 Ping Response Packet
The target (Kinetis Flashloader) sends a Ping Response packet back to the host after
receiving a Ping packet. If communication is over a UART peripheral, the target uses the
incoming Ping packet to determine the baud rate before replying with the Ping Response
packet. Once the Ping Response packet is received by the host, the connection is
established, and the host starts sending commands to the target (Kinetis Flashloader).
Table 13-4. Ping Response Packet Format
Byte # Value Parameter
0 0x5A start byte
1 0xA7 Ping response code
2 Protocol bugfix
3 Protocol minor
4 Protocol major
5 Protocol name = 'P' (0x50)
6 Options low
7 Options high
8 CRC16 low
9 CRC16 high
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13.3.5.3 Framing Packet
The framing packet is used for flow control and error detection, and it (the framing
packet) wraps command and data packets as well.
The framing packet described in this section is used for serial peripherals including
UART, I2C and SPI. The USB HID peripheral does not use framing packets. Instead, the
packetization inherent in the USB protocol itself is used. Please refer to the USB
peripheral section for details.
Table 13-5. Framing Packet Format
Byte # Value Parameter
0 0x5A start byte
1 packetType
2 length_low Length is a 16-bit field that specifies the entire
command or data packet size in bytes.
3 length_high
4 crc16_low This is a 16-bit field. The CRC16 value covers entire
framing packet, including the start byte and command
or data packets, but does not include the CRC bytes.
See the CRC16 algorithm after this table.
5 crc16_high
6 . . .n Command or Data packet
payload
A special framing packet that contains only a start byte and a packet type is used for
synchronization between the host and target.
Table 13-6. Special Framing Packet Format
Byte # Value Parameter
0 0x5A start byte
1 0xAnpacketType
The Packet Type field specifies the type of the packet from one of the defined types
(below):
Table 13-7. packetType Field
packetType Name Description
0xA1 kFramingPacketType_Ack The previous packet was received successfully; the sending
of more packets is allowed.
0xA2 kFramingPacketType_Nak The previous packet was corrupted and must be re-sent.
0xA3 kFramingPacketType_AckAbort Data phase is being aborted.
0xA4 kFramingPacketType_Command The framing packet contains a command packet payload.
0xA5 kFramingPacketType_Data The framing packet contains a data packet payload.
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 13-7. packetType Field (continued)
packetType Name Description
0xA6 kFramingPacketType_Ping Sent to verify the other side is alive. Also used for UART
autobaud.
0xA7 kFramingPacketType_PingResponse A response to Ping; contains the framing protocol version
number and options.
13.3.5.4 Command packet
The command packet carries a 32-bit command header and a list of 32-bit parameters.
Table 13-8. Command Packet Format
Command Packet Format (32 bytes)
Command Header (4 bytes) 28 bytes for Parameters (Max 7 parameters)
Tag Flags Rsvd Param
Count
Param1
(32-bit)
Param2
(32-bit)
Param3
(32-bit)
Param4
(32-bit)
Param5
(32-bit)
Param6
(32-bit)
Param7
(32-bit)
byte 0 byte 1 byte 2 byte 3
Table 13-9. Command Header Format
Byte # Command Header Field
0 Command or Response tag The command header is 4 bytes long, with
these fields.
1 Flags
2 Reserved. Should be 0x00.
3 ParameterCount
The header is followed by 32-bit parameters up to the value of the ParameterCount field
specified in the header. Because a command packet is 32 bytes long, only 7 parameters
can fit into the command packet.
Command packets are also used by the target to send responses back to the host. As
mentioned earlier, command packets and data packets are embedded into framing packets
for all of the transfers.
Table 13-10. Commands that are supported
Command Name
0x01 FlashEraseAll
0x02 FlashEraseRegion
0x03 ReadMemory
0x04 WriteMemory
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 13-10. Commands that are supported (continued)
Command Name
0x05 FillMemory
0x06 Reserved
0x07 GetProperty
0x08 Reserved
0x09 Execute
0x0A Call
0x0B Reset
0x0C SetProperty
0x0D Reserved
0x0E FlashProgramOnce
0x0F FlashReadOnce
0x10 FlashReadResource
0x11 Reserved
Table 13-11. Responses that are supported
Response Name
0xA0 GenericResponse
0xA3 ReadMemoryResponse (used for sending responses to ReadMemory command
only)
0xA7 GetPropertyResponse (used for sending responses to GetProperty command only)
0xAF FlashReadOnceResponse (used for sending responses to FlashReadOnce
command only)
0xB0 FlashReadResourceResponse (used for sending responses to
FlashReadResource command only)
Flags: Each command packet contains a Flag byte. Only bit 0 of the flag byte is used. If
bit 0 of the flag byte is set to 1, then data packets will follow in the command sequence.
The number of bytes that will be transferred in the data phase is determined by a
command-specific parameter in the parameters array.
ParameterCount: The number of parameters included in the command packet.
Parameters: The parameters are word-length (32 bits). With the default maximum
packet size of 32 bytes, a command packet can contain up to 7 parameters.
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13.3.5.5 Data packet
The data packet carries just the data, either host sending data to target, or target sending
data to host. The data transfer direction is determined by the last command sent from the
host. The data packet is also wrapped within a framing packet, to ensure the correct
packet data is received.
The contents of a data packet are simply the data itself. There are no other fields, so that
the most data per packet can be transferred. Framing packets are responsible for ensuring
that the correct packet data is received.
13.3.5.6 Response packet
The responses are carried using the same command packet format wrapped with framing
packet data. Types of responses include:
• GenericResponse
• GetPropertyResponse
• ReadMemoryResponse
• FlashReadOnceResponse
• FlashReadResourceResponse
GenericResponse: After the Kinetis Flashloader has processed a command, the
flashloader will send a generic response with status and command tag information to the
host. The generic response is the last packet in the command protocol sequence. The
generic response packet contains the framing packet data and the command packet data
(with generic response tag = 0xA0) and a list of parameters (defined in the next section).
The parameter count field in the header is always set to 2, for status code and command
tag parameters.
Table 13-12. GenericResponse Parameters
Byte # Parameter Descripton
0 - 3 Status code The Status codes are errors encountered during the execution of a
command by the target (Kinetis Flashloader). If a command succeeds,
then a kStatus_Success code is returned. Table 13-47, Kinetis
Flashloader Status Error Codes, lists the status codes returned to the host
by the Kinetis Flashloader.
4 - 7 Command tag The Command tag parameter identifies the response to the command sent
by the host.
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GetPropertyResponse: The GetPropertyResponse packet is sent by the target in
response to the host query that uses the GetProperty command. The GetPropertyResponse
packet contains the framing packet data and the command packet data, with the
command/response tag set to a GetPropertyResponse tag value (0xA7).
The parameter count field in the header is set to greater than 1, to always include the
status code and one or many property values.
Table 13-13. GetPropertyResponse Parameters
Byte # Value Parameter
0 - 3 Status code
4 - 7 Property value
. . . . . .
Can be up to maximum 6 property values, limited to the size of the 32-bit
command packet and property type.
ReadMemoryResponse: The ReadMemoryResponse packet is sent by the target in
response to the host sending a ReadMemory command. The ReadMemoryResponse
packet contains the framing packet data and the command packet data, with the
command/response tag set to a ReadMemoryResponse tag value (0xA3), the flags field
set to kCommandFlag_HasDataPhase (1).
The parameter count set to 2 for the status code and the data byte count parameters shown
below.
Table 13-14. ReadMemoryResponse Parameters
Byte # Parameter Descripton
0 - 3 Status code The status of the associated Read Memory command.
4 - 7 Data byte count The number of bytes sent in the data phase.
FlashReadOnceResponse:The FlashReadOnceResponse packet is sent by the target in
response to the host sending a FlashReadOnce command. The FlashReadOnceResponse
packet contains the framing packet data and the command packet data, with the
command/response tag set to a FlashReadOnceResponse tag value (0xAF), and the flags
field set to 0. The parameter count is set to 2 plus the number of words requested to be
read in the FlashReadOnceCommand.
Table 13-15. FlashReadOnceResponse Parameters
Byte # Value Parameter
0 – 3 Status Code
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 13-15. FlashReadOnceResponse Parameters (continued)
4 – 7 Byte count to read
… …
Can be up to 20 bytes of requested read data.
The FlashReadResourceResponse packet is sent by the target in response to the host
sending a FlashReadResource command. The FlashReadResourceResponse packet
contains the framing packet data and command packet data, with the command/response
tag set to a FlashReadResourceResponse tag value (0xB0), and the flags field set to
kCommandFlag_HasDataPhase (1).
Table 13-16. FlashReadResourceResponse Parameters
Byte # Value Parameter
0 – 3 Status Code
4 – 7 Data byte count
13.3.6 Flashloader Command API
All Kinetis Flashloader command APIs follow the command packet format that is
wrapped by the framing packet, as explained in previous sections.
• For a list of commands supported by the Flashloader, see Table 13-2, Commands
supported.
• For a list of status codes returned by the Kinetis Flashloader, see Table 13-47,
Kinetis Flashloader Status Error Codes.
NOTE
All the examples in this section depict byte traffic on serial
peripherals that use framing packets. USB HID transactions use
the USB HID report packets instead of the serial framing
packets shown in this section. Please refer to the HID reports
section for details of the USB HID packet structure.
13.3.6.1 Call command
The Call command will execute a function that is written in memory at the address sent in
the command. The address needs to be a valid memory location residing in accessible
flash (internal or external) or in RAM. The command supports the passing of one 32-bit
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argument. Although the command supports a stack address, at this time the call will still
take place using the current stack pointer. After execution of the function, a 32-bit return
value will be returned in the generic response message.
Table 13-17. Parameters for Call Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Call address
4 - 7 Argument word
8 - 11 Stack pointer
Host Target
Call: Address=0x00000cd9, arg=0
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
0x5a a4 0c 00 16 5c 0a 00 00 02 d9 0c 00 00 00 000 000 00
0x5a a4 0c 00 79 d0 a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00
Figure 13-6. Protocol Sequence for Call Command
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader) will return a GenericResponse packet with a
status code either set to the return value of the function called or set to
kStatus_InvalidArgument (105).
13.3.6.2 GetProperty command
The GetProperty command is used to query the flashloader about various properties and
settings. Each supported property has a unique 32-bit tag associated with it. The tag
occupies the first parameter of the command packet. The target returns a
GetPropertyResponse packet with the property values for the property identified with the
tag in the GetProperty command.
Properties are the defined units of data that can be accessed with the GetProperty or
SetProperty commands. Properties may be read-only or read-write. All read-write
properties are 32-bit integers, so they can easily be carried in a command parameter.
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For a list of properties and their associated 32-bit property tags supported by the Kinetis
Flashloader, see Table 13-43.
The 32-bit property tag is the only parameter required for GetProperty command.
Table 13-18. Parameters for GetProperty Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Property tag
Process command
Host Target
GetProperty: Property tag = 0x01
0x5a a4 08 00 73 d4 07 00 00 01 01 00 00 00
0x5a a4 0c 00 07 7a a7 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 4b
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
Figure 13-7. Protocol Sequence for GetProperty Command
Table 13-19. GetProperty Command Packet Format (Example)
GetProperty Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x08 0x00
crc16 0x73 0xD4
Command packet commandTag 0x07 – GetProperty
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x01
propertyTag 0x00000001 - CurrentVersion
The GetProperty command has no data phase.
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Response: In response to a GetProperty command, the target will send a
GetPropertyResponse packet with the response tag set to 0xA7. The parameter count
indicates the number of parameters sent for the property values, with the first parameter
showing status code 0, followed by the property value(s). The next table shows an
example of a GetPropertyResponse packet.
Table 13-20. GetProperty Response Packet Format (Example)
GetPropertyResponse Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x0c 0x00 (12 bytes)
crc16 0x07 0x7a
Command packet responseTag 0xA7
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
status 0x00000000
propertyValue 0x0000014b - CurrentVersion
13.3.6.3 SetProperty command
The SetProperty command is used to change or alter the values of the properties or
options in the Kinetis Flashloader. However, the SetProperty command can only change
the value of properties that are writable—see Table 13-43, Properties used by Get/
SetProperty Commands. If you try to set a value for a read-only property, then the Kinetis
Flashloader will return an error.
The property tag and the new value to set are the 2 parameters required for the
SetProperty command.
Table 13-21. Parameters for SetProperty Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Property tag
4 - 7 Property value
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Process command
Host Target
SetProperty: Property tag = 10, Property Value = 1
0x5a a4 0c 00 67 8d 0c 00 00 02 0a 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
GenericResponse:
0x5a a4 00 9e
10 a0 00 0c 02 00 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Figure 13-8. Protocol Sequence for SetProperty Command
Table 13-22. SetProperty Command Packet Format (Example)
SetProperty Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x0C 0x00
crc16 0x67 0x8D
Command packet commandTag 0x0C – SetProperty with property tag 10
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
propertyTag 0x0000000A - VerifyWrites
propertyValue 0x00000001
The SetProperty command has no data phase.
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader) will return a GenericResponse packet with
one of following status codes:
Table 13-23. SetProperty Response Status Codes
Status Code
kStatus_Success
kStatus_ReadOnly
kStatus_UnknownProperty
kStatus_InvalidArgument
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13.3.6.4 FlashEraseAll command
The FlashEraseAll command performs an erase of the entire flash memory. If any flash
regions are protected, then the FlashEraseAll command will fail and return an error status
code. Executing the FlashEraseAll command will release flash security if it (flash
security) was enabled, by setting the FTFA_FSEC register. However, the FSEC field of
the flash configuration field is erased, so unless it is reprogrammed, the flash security will
be re-enabled after the next system reset. The Command tag for FlashEraseAll command
is 0x01 set in the commandTag field of the command packet.
The FlashEraseAll command requires no parameters.
Process command
Host Target
FlashEraseAll
0x5a a4 04 00 c4 2e 01 00 00 00
0x5a a4 0c 00 53 63 a0 00 04 02 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
Figure 13-9. Protocol Sequence for FlashEraseAll Command
Table 13-24. FlashEraseAll Command Packet Format (Example)
FlashEraseAll Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x04 0x00
crc16 0xC4 0x2E
Command packet commandTag 0x01 - FlashEraseAll
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x00
MemoryID • If MemoryID = 0x00h, then internal flash.
• If MemoryID = 0x01h, then QSPI0 memory.
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The FlashEraseAll command has no data phase.
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader ) will return a GenericResponse packet with
status code either set to kStatus_Success for successful execution of the command, or set
to an appropriate error status code.
13.3.6.5 FlashEraseRegion command
The FlashEraseRegion command performs an erase of one or more sectors of the flash
memory or a specified range of flash within the connected SPI flash devices.
The start address and number of bytes are the 2 parameters required for the
FlashEraseRegion command. The start and byte count parameters must be , or the
FlashEraseRegion command will fail and return kStatus_FlashAlignmentError (0x101).
If the region specified does not fit in the flash memory space, the FlashEraseRegion
command will fail and return kStatus_FlashAddressError (0x102). If any part of the
region specified is protected, the FlashEraseRegion command will fail and return
kStatus_MemoryRangeInvalid (0x10200).
Table 13-25. Parameters for FlashEraseRegion Command
Byte # Parameter
0 - 3 Start address
4 - 7 Byte count
Process command
Host Target
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
FlashEraseRegion: startAddress=0, byteCount=1024
0x5a a4 0c 00 f9 a6 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00
0x5a a4 0c 00 ba 55 a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00
Figure 13-10. Protocol Sequence for FlashEraseRegion Command
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Table 13-26. FlashEraseRegion Command Packet Format (Example)
FlashEraseRegion Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x0C 0x00
crc16 0xF9 0x A6
Command packet commandTag 0x02, kCommandTag_FlashEraseRegion
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
startAddress 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 (0x0000_0000)
byte count 0x00 0x04 0x00 0x00 (0x400)
The FlashEraseRegion command has no data phase.
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader ) will return a GenericResponse packet with
one of following error status codes.
Table 13-27. FlashEraseRegion Response Status Codes
Status Code
kStatus_Success (0x0)
kStatus_MemoryRangeInvalid (0x10200)
kStatus_FlashAlignmentError (0x101)
kStatus_FlashAddressError (0x102)
kStatus_FlashAccessError (0x103)
kStatus_FlashProtectionViolation (0x104)
kStatus_FlashCommandFailure (0x105)
13.3.6.6 FillMemory command
The FillMemory command fills a range of bytes in memory with a data pattern. It follows
the same rules as the WriteMemory command. The difference between FillMemory and
WriteMemory is that a data pattern is included in FillMemory command parameter, and
there is no data phase for the FillMemory command, while WriteMemory does have a
data phase.
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Table 13-28. Parameters for FillMemory Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Start address of memory to fill
4 - 7 Number of bytes to write with the pattern
• The start address should be 32-bit aligned.
• The number of bytes must be evenly divisible by 4.
8 - 11 32-bit pattern
• To fill with a byte pattern (8-bit), the byte must be replicated 4 times in the 32-bit
pattern.
• To fill with a short pattern (16-bit), the short value must be replicated 2 times in the
32-bit pattern.
For example, to fill a byte value with 0xFE, the word pattern would be 0xFEFEFEFE; to
fill a short value 0x5AFE, the word pattern would be 0x5AFE5AFE.
Special care must be taken when writing to flash.
• First, any flash sector written to must have been previously erased with a
FlashEraseAll or FlashEraseRegion command.
• Writing to flash requires the start address to be 32-bit or 64-bit aligned.
• If the VerifyWrites property is set to true, then writes to flash will also perform a
flash verify program operation.
When writing to RAM, the start address need not be aligned, and the data will not be
padded.
Process command
Host Target
FillMemory, with word pattern 0x12345678
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
0x5a a4 10 00 e4 57 05 00 00 03 00 70 00 00 00 08 00 00 78 56 34 12
0x5a a4 0c 00 97 04 a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00
Figure 13-11. Protocol Sequence for FillMemory Command
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Table 13-29. FillMemory Command Packet Format (Example)
FillMemory Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x10 0x00
crc16 0xE4 0x57
Command packet commandTag 0x05 – FillMemory
flags 0x00
Reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x03
startAddress 0x00007000
byteCount 0x00000800
patternWord 0x12345678
The FillMemory command has no data phase.
Response: upon successful execution of the command, the target (Kinetis Flashloader)
will return a GenericResponse packet with a status code set to kStatus_Success, or to an
appropriate error status code.
13.3.6.7 FlashProgramOnce command
The FlashProgramOnce command writes data (that is provided in a command packet) to a
specified range of bytes in the program once field. Special care must be taken when
writing to the program once field.
• The program once field only supports programming once, so any attempted to
reprogram a program once field will get an error response.
• Writing to the program once field requires the byte count to be 4-byte aligned or 8-
byte aligned.
The FlashProgramOnce command uses 3 parameters: index, byteCount, data.
Table 13-30. Parameters for FlashProgramOnce Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Index of program once field
4 - 7 Byte count (must be evenly divisible by 4)
8 - 11 Data
12 - 16 Data
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Process command
Host Target
FlashProgramOnce: index=0, byteCount=4, data=0x12345678
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
0x5a a4 10 00 7e 89 0e 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 78 56 34 12
0x5a a4 0c 00 88 1a a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00
Figure 13-12. Protocol Sequence for FlashProgramOnce Command
Table 13-31. FlashProgramOnce Command Packet Format (Example)
FlashProgramOnce Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x10 0x00
crc16 0x7E4 0x89
Command packet commandTag 0x0E – FlashProgramOnce
flags 0
reserved 0
parameterCount 3
index 0x0000_0000
byteCount 0x0000_0004
data 0x1234_5678
Response: upon successful execution of the command, the target (Kinetis Flashloader)
will return a GenericResponse packet with a status code set to kStatus_Success, or to an
appropriate error status code.
13.3.6.8 FlashReadOnce command
The FlashReadOnce command returns the contents of the program once field by given
index and byte count. The FlashReadOnce command uses 2 parameters: index and
byteCount.
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Table 13-32. Parameters for FlashReadOnce Command
Byte # Parameter Description
0 - 3 index Index of the program once field (to read from)
4 - 7 byteCount Number of bytes to read and return to the caller
Process command
Host Target
FlashReadOnce: index=0, byteCount=4
ACK:
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Generic Response:
0x5a a4 0c 00 c1 a5 0f 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00
0x5a a4 10 00 3f 6f af 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 78 56 34 12
Figure 13-13. Protocol Sequence for FlashReadOnce Command
Table 13-33. FlashReadOnce Command Packet Format (Example)
FlashReadOnce Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4
length 0x0C 0x00
crc 0xC1 0xA5
Command packet commandTag 0x0F – FlashReadOnce
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
index 0x0000_0000
byteCount 0x0000_0004
Table 13-34. FlashReadOnce Response Format (Example)
FlashReadOnce
Response
Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4
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Table 13-34. FlashReadOnce Response Format (Example) (continued)
FlashReadOnce
Response
Parameter Value
length 0x10 0x00
crc 0x3F 0x6F
Command packet commandTag 0xAF
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x03
status 0x0000_0000
byteCount 0x0000_0004
data 0x1234_5678
Response: upon successful execution of the command, the target (Kinetis Flashloader)
will return a FlashReadOnceResponse packet with a status code set to kStatus_Success, a
byte count and corresponding data read from Program Once Field upon successful
execution of the command, or will return with a status code set to an appropriate error
status code and a byte count set to 0.
13.3.6.9 FlashReadResource command
The FlashReadResource command returns the contents of the IFR field or Flash firmware
ID, by given offset, byte count, and option. The FlashReadResource command uses 3
parameters: start address, byteCount, option.
Table 13-35. Parameters for FlashReadResource Command
Byte # Parameter Command
0 - 3 start address Start address of specific non-volatile memory to be read
4 - 7 byteCount Byte count to be read
8 - 11 option 0: IFR
1: Flash firmware ID
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Process command
Host Target
ACK: 0x5a a1
ACK: 0x5a a1
Data packet
Process Data
ACK: 0x5a a1
Generic Response
ACK: 0x5a a1
FlashReadResource: start address=0, byteCount=8, option=1
5a a4 10 00 b3 cc 10 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
FlashReadResource Response
5a a4 0c 00 08 d2 b0 01 00 02 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00
5a a5 08 00 9c d3 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 06
5a a4 0c 00 75 a3 a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00
Figure 13-14. Protocol Sequence for FlashReadResource Command
Table 13-36. FlashReadResource Command Packet Format (Example)
FlashReadResource Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4
length 0x10 0x00
crc 0xB3 0xCC
Command packet commandTag 0x10 – FlashReadResource
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x03
startAddress 0x0000_0000
byteCount 0x0000_0008
option 0x0000_0001
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Table 13-37. FlashReadResource Response Format (Example)
FlashReadResource
Response
Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4
length 0x0C 0x00
crc 0xD2 0xB0
Command packet commandTag 0xB0
flags 0x01
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
status 0x0000_0000
byteCount 0x0000_0008
Data phase: The FlashReadResource command has a data phase. Because the target
(Kinetis Flashloader ) works in slave mode, the host must pull data packets until the
number of bytes of data specified in the byteCount parameter of FlashReadResource
command are received by the host.
13.3.6.10 WriteMemory command
The WriteMemory command writes data provided in the data phase to a specified range
of bytes in memory (flash or RAM). However, if flash protection is enabled, then writes
to protected sectors will fail.
Special care must be taken when writing to flash.
• First, any flash sector written to must have been previously erased with a
FlashEraseAll or FlashEraseRegion command.
• Writing to flash requires the start address to be .
• If the VerifyWrites property is set to true, then writes to flash will also perform a
flash verify program operation.
When writing to RAM, the start address need not be aligned, and the data will not be
padded.
The start address and number of bytes are the 2 parameters required for WriteMemory
command.
Table 13-38. Parameters for WriteMemory Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Start address
4 - 7 Byte count
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Process command
Host Target
WriteMemory: startAddress = 0x20000400, byteCount = 0x64
0x5a a4 0c 00 06 5a
04 00 00 02 00 04 00 20 64 00 00 00
Generic Response:
ACK: 0x5a a1
ACK: 0x5a a1
Data packet :
0x5a a5 20 00 CRC16 32 bytes data
Process Data
ACK: 0x5a a1
Final Data packet
0x5a a5 length16 CRC16 32 bytes data
ACK
Process Data
Generic Response
0x5a a4 0c 00 23 72 a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00
ACK: 0x5a a1
0x5a a4 0c 00 a0 0e 04 01 00 02 00 04 00 20 40 00 00 00
Figure 13-15. Protocol Sequence for WriteMemory Command
Table 13-39. WriteMemory Command Packet Format (Example)
WriteMemory Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x0C 0x00
crc16 0x06 0x5A
Command packet commandTag 0x04 - writeMemory
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
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Table 13-39. WriteMemory Command Packet Format (Example) (continued)
WriteMemory Parameter Value
startAddress 0x20000400
byteCount 0x00000064
Data Phase: The WriteMemory command has a data phase; the host will send data
packets until the number of bytes of data specified in the byteCount parameter of the
WriteMemory command are received by the target.
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader ) will return a GenericResponse packet with a
status code set to kStatus_Success upon successful execution of the command, or to an
appropriate error status code.
13.3.6.11 Read memory command
The ReadMemory command returns the contents of memory at the given address, for a
specified number of bytes. This command can read any region of memory accessible by
the CPU and not protected by security.
The start address and number of bytes are the 2 parameters required for ReadMemory
command.
Table 13-40. Parameters for read memory command
Byte Parameter Description
0-3 Start address Start address of memory to read from
4-7 Byte count Number of bytes to read and return to caller
Functional Description
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0x5a a4 0c 00 23 72 0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00
a
Process command
Host Target
readMemory : startAddress = 0x20000400, byteCount = 100
Generic response for command:
Data packet :
Process Data
Final Data packet
Process Data
Final Generic Response
0x5a a4 0c 00 1d 23 03 00 00 02 00 04 00 20 64 00 00 00
0x5a a4 0c 00 27 f6 a3 01 00 02 00 00 00 00 64 00 00 00
0x5a a5 20 00 CRC 16 32 bytes data
0x5a a5 length 16 CRC 16 32 bytes data
ACK: 0x5a a1
ACK: 0x5a a1
ACK: 0x5a a1
ACK: 0x5a a1
ACK: 0x5a a1
0x5a a4 0c 00 0e 23 a0 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00
Figure 13-16. Command sequence for read memory
ReadMemory Parameter Value
Framing packet Start byte 0x5A0xA4,
packetType kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x0C 0x00
crc16 0x1D 0x23
Command packet commandTag 0x03 - readMemory
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x02
startAddress 0x20000400
byteCount 0x00000064
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Data Phase: The ReadMemory command has a data phase. Since the target (Kinetis
Flashloader) works in slave mode, the host need pull data packets until the number of
bytes of data specified in the byteCount parameter of ReadMemory command are
received by host.
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader) will return a GenericResponse packet with a
status code either set to kStatus_Success upon successful execution of the command, or
set to an appropriate error status code.
13.3.6.12 Execute command
The execute command results in the flashloader setting the program counter to the code at
the provided jump address, R0 to the provided argument, and a Stack pointer to the
provided stack pointer address. Prior to the jump, the system is returned to the reset state.
The Jump address, function argument pointer, and stack pointer are the parameters
required for the Execute command.
Table 13-41. Parameters for Execute Command
Byte # Command
0 - 3 Jump address
4 - 7 Argument word
8 - 11 Stack pointer address
The Execute command has no data phase.
Response: Before executing the Execute command, the target (Kinetis Flashloader) will
validate the parameters and return a GenericResponse packet with a status code either set
to kStatus_Success or an appropriate error status code.
13.3.6.13 Reset command
The Reset command will result in flashloader resetting the chip.
The Reset command requires no parameters.
Functional Description
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Process command
Host Target
Reset
0x5a a4 04 00 6f 46 0b 00 00 00
GenericResponse:
0x5a a4 0c 00 f8 0b a0 00 04 02 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00
ACK :
0x5a a1
ACK:
0x5a a1
Figure 13-17. Protocol Sequence for Reset Command
Table 13-42. Reset Command Packet Format (Example)
Reset Parameter Value
Framing packet start byte 0x5A
packetType 0xA4, kFramingPacketType_Command
length 0x04 0x00
crc16 0x6F 0x46
Command packet commandTag 0x0B - reset
flags 0x00
reserved 0x00
parameterCount 0x00
The Reset command has no data phase.
Response: The target (Kinetis Flashloader) will return a GenericResponse packet with
status code set to kStatus_Success, before resetting the chip.
13.4 Peripherals Supported
This section describes the peripherals supported by the Kinetis Flashloader.
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13.4.1 I2C Peripheral
The Kinetis Flashloader supports loading data into flash via the I2C peripheral, where the
I2C peripheral serves as the I2C slave. A 7-bit slave address is used during the transfer.
The Kinetis Flashloader uses 0x10 as the I2C slave address, and supports 400 kbps as the
I2C baud rate.
Because the I2C peripheral serves as an I2C slave device, each transfer should be started
by the host, and each outgoing packet should be fetched by the host.
• An incoming packet is sent by the host with a selected I2C slave address and the
direction bit is set as write.
• An outgoing packet is read by the host with a selected I2C slave address and the
direction bit is set as read.
• 0x00 will be sent as the response to host if the target is busy with processing or
preparing data.
The following flow charts demonstrate the communication flow of how the host reads
ping packet, ACK and response from the target.
Fetch
Ping response
Yes
Yes
End
Report Error
No
No
Read 1 byte
from target
0x5A
received?
packet
Read leftover bytes
of ping response
0x7A
received?
Read 1 byte
from target
Figure 13-18. Host reads ping response from target via I2C
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Fetch ACK
No Yes
End
No
Process NAK Yes
Report an error
No
Yes
No
Reached
maximum
retries?
Report a timeout
error
Yes
0x5A
received?
0xA2
received?
0xA1
received?
Read 1 byte
from target
Read 1 byte
from target
Figure 13-19. Host reads ACK packet from target via I2C
Fetch
Response
Yes
Yes payload length
part from target
(2 bytes)
CRC checksum
from target
Payload length
less than supported
length?
Yes
payload data
from target
No
Set payload length
to maximum
supported length
No
No
Reached
maximum
Report a timeout
Yes
End
No
(2 bytes)
Read 1 byte
from target
0x5A
received?
0xA4
received?
Read 1 byte
from target
retries?
error (End)
Read
Read
Read
Figure 13-20. Host reads response from target via I2C
13.4.2 SPI Peripheral
The Kinetis Flashloader supports loading data into flash via the SPI peripheral, where the
SPI peripheral serves as a SPI slave.
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The Kinetis Flashloader supports 400 kbps as the SPI baud rate.
The SPI peripheral uses the following bus attributes:
• Clock Phase = 1 (Second Edge)
• Clock Polarity = 1 (Active Low)
Because the SPI peripheral serves as a SPI slave device, each transfer should be started
by the host, and each outgoing packet should be fetched by the host.
The transfer on SPI is slightly different from I2C:
• Host will receive 1 byte after it sends out any byte.
• Received bytes should be ignored when host is sending out bytes to target
• Host starts reading bytes by sending 0x00s to target
• The byte 0x00 will be sent as response to host if target is under the following
conditions:
• Processing incoming packet
• Preparing outgoing data
• Received invalid data
The SPI bus configuration is:
• Phase = 1; data is sampled on rising edges
• Polarity = 1; idle is high
• MSB is transmitted first
For any transfer where the target does not have actual data to send, the target (slave) is
responsible for ensuring that 0x00 bytes will be returned to the host (master). The host
uses framing packets to identify real data and not "dummy" 0x00 bytes (which do not
have framing packets).
The following flowcharts demonstrate how the host reads a ping response, an ACK and a
command response from target via SPI.
Fetch
Ping response
Yes
Yes
End
Report Error
No
No
0x5A
received? 0xA7
received?
Send 0x00 to
shift out 1 byte
from target
Send 0x00 to
shift out 1 byte
from target
Send 0x00s to shift
out leftover bytes
of ping response
Figure 13-21. Host reads ping packet from target via SPI
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Fetch ACK
No
Yes
No
Next action
No
Process NAK Yes
Report an error
No
Yes
No
maximum
Report a
timeout error
Yes
0x5A
received?
0xA2
received?
0xA1
received?
Send 0x00 to
shift out 1 byte
from target
Send 0x00 to
shift out 1 byte
from target
Reached
retries?
Figure 13-22. Host reads ACK from target via SPI
Fetch Response
Yes
Yes out payload length
part from target
(2 bytes)
out CRC checksum
from target
Payload length
less than supported
length?
Yes
out payload data
from target
No
Set payload length
to maximum
supported length
No
No
maximum
Report a timeout
error (End)
Yes
End
No
(2 bytes)
0x5A
received?
0xA4
received?
Reached
retries?
Send 0x00 to
shift out 1 byte
from target
Send 0x00 to
shift out 1 byte
from target
Write 0x00s to shift Write 0x00s to shift
Write 0x00s to shift
Figure 13-23. Host reads response from target via SPI
13.4.3 UART Peripheral
The Kinetis Flashloader integrates an autobaud detection algorithm for the UART
peripheral, thereby providing flexible baud rate choices.
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Autobaud feature: If UARTn is used to connect to the flashloader, then the UARTn_RX
pin must be kept high and not left floating during the detection phase in order to comply
with the autobaud detection algorithm. After the flashloader detects the ping packet
(0x5A 0xA6) on UARTn_RX, the flashloader firmware executes the autobaud sequence.
If the baudrate is successfully detected, then the flashloader will send a ping packet
response [(0x5A 0xA7), protocol version (4 bytes), protocol version options (2 bytes) and
crc16 (2 bytes)] at the detected baudrate. The Kinetis Flashloader then enters a loop,
waiting for flashloader commands via the UART peripheral.
NOTE
• The autobaud feature requires a ping packet with a higher
accuracy (+/-3%), or the ping packet will be ignored as
noise.
• The data bytes of the ping packet must be sent continuously
(with no more than 80 ms between bytes) in a fixed UART
transmission mode (8-bit data, no parity bit and 1 stop bit).
If the bytes of the ping packet are sent one-by-one with
more than 80 ms delay between them, then the autobaud
detection algorithm may calculate an incorrect baud rate. In
this case, the autobaud detection state machine should be
reset.
Supported baud rates: The baud rate is closely related to the MCU core and system
clock frequencies. Typical baud rates supported are 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and
115200.
Packet transfer: After autobaud detection succeeds, flashloader communications can
take place over the UART peripheral. The following flow charts show:
• How the host detects an ACK from the target
• How the host detects a ping response from the target
• How the host detects a command response from the target
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Wait
for ACK
No Yes
End
No
Process NAK Yes
Report an error
No
Yes
No
Reached
maximum
Report a timeout
error
Yes
0x5A
received?
0xA2
received?
0xA1
received?
Wait for 1 byte
from target
Wait for 1 byte
from target
retries?
Figure 13-24. Host reads an ACK from target via UART
Wait for
ping response
Yes
Yes
End
Report Error
No
No
Wait for 1 byte
from target
Wait for 1 byte
from target
0x5A
received? 0xA7
received?
Wait for
remaining bytes
of ping response
packet
Figure 13-25. Host reads a ping response from target via UART
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Wait
for response
Yes
Yes
Waitfor payload
length part from
target (2 bytes)
Wait for CRC
checksum from
Payload length
less than supported
length?
Yes
Wait for payload
data from target
No
Set payload length
to maximum
supported length
No
No
Reached
maximum
Report a timeout
error (End)
Yes
End
No
0x5A
received?
0xA4
received?
Wait for 1 byte
from target
Wait for 1 byte
from target
retries?
target (2 bytes)
Figure 13-26. Host reads a command response from target via UART
13.4.4 USB peripheral
The Kinetis Flashloader supports loading data into flash via the USB peripheral. The
target is implemented as a USB HID class.
USB HID does not use framing packets; instead the packetization inherent in the USB
protocol itself is used. The ability for the device to NAK Out transfers (until they can be
received) provides the required flow control; the built-in CRC of each USB packet
provides the required error detection.
13.4.4.1 Clock configuration
The flashloader supports the crystal-less USB feature. If the USB peripheral is enabled,
then the flashloader enables the 48-MHz IRC. The flashloader also enables the USB
clock recovery feature (by setting
USBx_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL[CLOCK_RECOVER_EN] to 1 and
USB_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN[IRC_EN] to 1).
13.4.4.2 Device descriptor
The Kinetis flashloader configures the default USB VID/PID/Strings as below:
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Default VID/PID:
• VID = 0x15A2
• PID = 0x0073
Default Strings:
• Manufacturer [1] = "Freescale Semiconductor Inc." (Note that Freescale
Semiconductor is now NXP Semiconductors.)
• Product [2] = "Kinetis Bootloader"
13.4.4.3 Endpoints
The HID peripheral uses 3 endpoints:
• Control (0)
• Interrupt IN (1)
• Interrupt OUT (2)
The Interrupt OUT endpoint is optional for HID class devices, but the Kinetis Flashloader
uses it as a pipe, where the firmware can NAK send requests from the USB host.
13.4.4.4 HID reports
There are 4 HID reports defined and used by the flashloader USB HID peripheral. The
report ID determines the direction and type of packet sent in the report; otherwise, the
contents of all reports are the same.
Report ID Packet Type Direction
1 Command OUT
2 Data OUT
3 Command IN
4 Data IN
For all reports, these properties apply:
Usage Min 1
Usage Max 1
Logical Min 0
Logical Max 255
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Report Size 8
Report Count 34
Each report has a maximum size of 34 bytes. This is derived from the minimum
flashloader packet size of 32 bytes, plus a 2-byte report header that indicates the length
(in bytes) of the packet sent in the report.
NOTE
In the future, the maximum report size may be increased, to
support transfers of larger packets. Alternatively, additional
reports may be added with larger maximum sizes.
The actual data sent in all of the reports looks like:
0Report ID
1 Packet Length LSB
2 Packet Length MSB
3 Packet[0]
4 Packet[1]
5 Packet[2]
...
N+3-1 Packet[N-1]
This data includes the Report ID, which is required if more than one report is defined in
the HID report descriptor. The actual data sent and received has a maximum length of 35
bytes. The Packet Length header is written in little-endian format, and it is set to the size
(in bytes) of the packet sent in the report. This size does not include the Report ID or the
Packet Length header itself. During a data phase, a packet size of 0 indicates a data phase
abort request from the receiver.
13.5 Get/SetProperty Command Properties
This section lists the properties of the GetProperty and SetProperty commands.
Table 13-43. Properties used by Get/SetProperty Commands, sorted by Value
Property Writable Tag Value Size Description
CurrentVersion No 01h 4 Current flashloader version.
AvailablePeripherals No 02h 4 The set of peripherals supported on this chip.
FlashStartAddress No 03h 4 Start address of program flash.
FlashSizeInBytes No 04h 4 Size in bytes of program flash.
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Get/SetProperty Command Properties
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Table 13-43. Properties used by Get/SetProperty Commands, sorted by Value (continued)
Property Writable Tag Value Size Description
FlashSectorSize No 05h 4 The size in bytes of one sector of program flash.
This is the minimum erase size.
FlashBlockCount No 06h 4 Number of blocks in the flash array.
AvailableCommands No 07h 4 The set of commands supported by the flashloader.
VerifyWrites Yes 0Ah 4 Controls whether the flashloader will verify writes to
flash. VerifyWrites feature is enabled by default.
0 - No verification is done.
1 - Enable verification.
MaxPacketSize No 0Bh 4 Maximum supported packet size for the currently active
peripheral interface.
ReservedRegions No 0Ch 16 List of memory regions reserved by the flashloader.
Returned as value pairs (<start-address-of-region>,
<end-address-of-region>).
• If HasDataPhase flag is not set, then the
Response packet parameter count indicates the
number of pairs.
• If HasDataPhase flag is set, then the second
parameter is the number of bytes in the data
phase.
RAMStartAddress No 0Eh 4 Start address of RAM segment. The first parameter to
GetProperty command identifies the segment. See the
device specific memory map for number of RAM
segments the device contains.
RAMSizeInBytes No 0Fh 4 Size in bytes of RAM segment. The first parameter to
GetProperty command identifies the segment. See the
device specific memory map for number of RAM
segments the device contains.
SystemDeviceId No 10h 4 Value of the Kinetis System Device Identification
register.
FlashSecurityState No 11h 4 Indicates whether Flash security is enabled
0 - Flash security is disabled
1 - Flash security is enabled
UniqueDeviceId No 12h 16 Unique device identification, value of Kinetis Unique
Identification registers (16 for K series devices, 12 for
KL series devices)
13.5.1 Property Definitions
Get/Set property definitions are provided in this section.
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13.5.1.1 CurrentVersion Property
The value of this property is a 4-byte structure containing the current version of the
flashloader.
Table 13-44. Fields of CurrentVersion property:
Bits [31:24] [23:16] [15:8] [7:0]
Field Name = 'K' (0x4B) Major version Minor version Bugfix version
13.5.1.2 AvailablePeripherals Property
The value of this property is a bitfield that lists the peripherals supported by the
flashloader and the hardware on which it is running.
Table 13-45. Peripheral bits:
Bit [31:7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] [0]
Peripheral Reserved Reserved Reserved USB HID Reserved SPI Slave I2C Slave UART
If the peripheral is available, then the corresponding bit will be set in the property value.
All reserved bits must be set to 0.
13.5.1.3 AvailableCommands Property
This property value is a bitfield with set bits indicating the commands enabled in the
flashloader. Only commands that can be sent from the host to the target are listed in the
bitfield. Response commands such as GenericResponse are excluded.
The bit number that identifies whether a command is present is the command's tag value
minus 1. 1 is subtracted from the command tag because the lowest command tag value is
0x01. To get the bit mask for a given command, use this expression:
mask = 1 << (tag - 1)
Table 13-46. Command bits:
Bit [31:
18]
[17] [16] [15] [14] [13] [12] [11] [10] [9] [8] [7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] [0]
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Table 13-46. Command bits: (continued)
Command
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
FlashReadResource
FlashReadOnce
FlashProgramOnce
Reserved
SetProperty
Reset
Call
Execute
Reserved
GetProperty
Reserved
FillMemory
WriteMemory
ReadMemory
FlashEraseRegion
FlashEraseAll
13.6 Kinetis Flashloader Status Error Codes
This section describes the status error codes that the Kinetis Flashloader returns to the
host.
Table 13-47. Kinetis Flashloader Status Error Codes, sorted by Value
Error Code Value Description
kStatus_Success 0 Operation succeeded without error.
kStatus_Fail 1 Operation failed with a generic error.
kStatus_ReadOnly 2 Requested value cannot be changed because it is
read-only.
kStatus_OutOfRange 3 Requested value is out of range.
kStatus_InvalidArgument 4 The requested command's argument is undefined.
kStatus_Timeout 5 A timeout occurred.
kStatus_FlashSizeError 100 Not used.
kStatus_FlashAlignmentError 101 Address or length does not meet required
alignment.
kStatus_FlashAddressError 102 Address or length is outside addressable memory.
kStatus_FlashAccessError 103 The FTFA_FSTAT[ACCERR] bit is set.
kStatus_FlashProtectionViolation 104 The FTFA_FSTAT[FPVIOL] bit is set.
kStatus_FlashCommandFailure 105 The FTFA_FSTAT[MGSTAT0] bit is set.
kStatus_FlashUnknownProperty 106 Unknown Flash property.
kStatus_FlashEraseKeyError 107 The key provided does not match the programmed
flash key.
kStatus_FlashRegionExecuteOnly 108 The area of flash is protected as execute only.
kStatus_I2C_SlaveTxUnderrun 200 I2C Slave TX Underrun error.
kStatus_I2C_SlaveRxOverrun 201 I2C Slave RX Overrun error.
kStatus_I2C_AribtrationLost 202 I2C Arbitration Lost error.
kStatus_SPI_SlaveTxUnderrun 300 SPI Slave TX Underrun error.
kStatus_SPI_SlaveRxOverrun 301 SPI Slave RX Overrun error.
kStatus_SPI_Timeout 302 SPI tranfser timed out.
kStatus_SPI_Busy 303 SPI instance is already busy performing a transfer.
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 13-47. Kinetis Flashloader Status Error Codes, sorted by Value (continued)
Error Code Value Description
kStatus_SPI_NoTransferInProgress 304 Attempt to abort a transfer when no transfer was in
progress.
kStatus_UnknownCommand 10000 The requested command value is undefined.
kStatus_SecurityViolation 10001 Command is disallowed because flash security is
enabled.
kStatus_AbortDataPhase 10002 Abort the data phase early.
kStatusMemoryRangeInvalid 10200 Memory range conflicts with a protected region.
kStatus_UnknownProperty 10300 The requested property value is undefined.
kStatus_ReadOnlyProperty 10301 The requested property value cannot be written.
kStatus_InvalidPropertyValue 10302 The specified property value is invalid.
kStatus_AppCrcCheckPassed 10400 CRC check is valid and passed.
kStatus_AppCrcCheckFailed 10401 CRC check is valid but failed.
kStatus_AppCrcCheckInactive 10402 CRC check is inactive.
kStatus_AppCrcCheckInvalid 10403 CRC check is invalid, because the BCA is invalid or
the CRC parameters are unset (all 0xFF bytes).
kStatus_AppCrcCheckOutOfRange 10404 CRC check is valid but addresses are out of range.
Kinetis Flashloader Status Error Codes
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Chapter 14
Reset Control Module (RCM)
14.1 Introduction
Information found here describes the registers of the Reset Control Module (RCM). The
RCM implements many of the reset functions for the chip. See the chip's reset chapter for
more information.
See AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs for further details on using the
RCM.
14.2 Reset memory map and register descriptions
The RCM Memory Map/Register Definition can be found here.
The Reset Control Module (RCM) registers provide reset status information and reset
filter control.
NOTE
The RCM registers can be written only in supervisor mode.
Write accesses in user mode are blocked and will result in a bus
error.
RCM memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_F000 System Reset Status Register 0 (RCM_SRS0) 8 R 82h 14.2.1/322
4007_F001 System Reset Status Register 1 (RCM_SRS1) 8 R 00h 14.2.2/323
4007_F004 Reset Pin Filter Control register (RCM_RPFC) 8 R/W 00h 14.2.3/325
4007_F005 Reset Pin Filter Width register (RCM_RPFW) 8 R/W 00h 14.2.4/326
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RCM memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_F007 Mode Register (RCM_MR) 8 R 00h 14.2.5/327
4007_F008 Sticky System Reset Status Register 0 (RCM_SSRS0) 8 R/W 82h 14.2.6/328
4007_F009 Sticky System Reset Status Register 1 (RCM_SSRS1) 8 R/W 00h 14.2.7/329
14.2.1 System Reset Status Register 0 (RCM_SRS0)
This register includes read-only status flags to indicate the source of the most recent
reset. The reset state of these bits depends on what caused the MCU to reset.
NOTE
The reset value of this register depends on the reset source:
• POR (including LVD) — 0x82
• LVD (without POR) — 0x02
• VLLS mode wakeup due to RESET pin assertion — 0x41
• VLLS mode wakeup due to other wakeup sources — 0x01
• Other reset — a bit is set if its corresponding reset source
caused the reset
Address: 4007_F000h base + 0h offset = 4007_F000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read POR PIN WDOG 0 LOC LVD WAKEUP
Write
Reset 10000010
RCM_SRS0 field descriptions
Field Description
7
POR
Power-On Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by the power-on detection logic. Because the internal supply voltage
was ramping up at the time, the low-voltage reset (LVD) status bit is also set to indicate that the reset
occurred while the internal supply was below the LVD threshold.
0 Reset not caused by POR
1 Reset caused by POR
6
PIN
External Reset Pin
Indicates a reset has been caused by an active-low level on the external RESET pin.
0 Reset not caused by external reset pin
1 Reset caused by external reset pin
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RCM_SRS0 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
5
WDOG
Watchdog
Indicates a reset has been caused by the watchdog timer timing out. This reset source can be blocked by
disabling the watchdog.
0 Reset not caused by watchdog timeout
1 Reset caused by watchdog timeout
4–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
LOC
Loss-of-Clock Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by a loss of external clock. The MCG clock monitor must be enabled
for a loss of clock to be detected. Refer to the detailed MCG description for information on enabling the
clock monitor.
0 Reset not caused by a loss of external clock.
1 Reset caused by a loss of external clock.
1
LVD
Low-Voltage Detect Reset
If PMC_LVDSC1[LVDRE] is set and the supply drops below the LVD trip voltage, an LVD reset occurs.
This field is also set by POR.
0 Reset not caused by LVD trip or POR
1 Reset caused by LVD trip or POR
0
WAKEUP
Low Leakage Wakeup Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by an enabled LLWU module wakeup source while the chip was in a
low leakage mode. In LLS mode, the RESET pin is the only wakeup source that can cause this reset. Any
enabled wakeup source in a VLLSx mode causes a reset. This bit is cleared by any reset except
WAKEUP.
0 Reset not caused by LLWU module wakeup source
1 Reset caused by LLWU module wakeup source
14.2.2 System Reset Status Register 1 (RCM_SRS1)
This register includes read-only status flags to indicate the source of the most recent
reset. The reset state of these bits depends on what caused the MCU to reset.
NOTE
The reset value of this register depends on the reset source:
• POR (including LVD) — 0x00
• LVD (without POR) — 0x00
• VLLS mode wakeup — 0x00
• Other reset — a bit is set if its corresponding reset source
caused the reset
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Address: 4007_F000h base + 1h offset = 4007_F001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 SACKERR EZPT MDM_AP SW LOCKUP JTAG
Write
Reset 00000000
RCM_SRS1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
SACKERR
Stop Mode Acknowledge Error Reset
Indicates that after an attempt to enter Stop mode, a reset has been caused by a failure of one or more
peripherals to acknowledge within approximately one second to enter stop mode.
0 Reset not caused by peripheral failure to acknowledge attempt to enter stop mode
1 Reset caused by peripheral failure to acknowledge attempt to enter stop mode
4
EZPT
EzPort Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by EzPort receiving the RESET command while the device is in EzPort
mode.
0 Reset not caused by EzPort receiving the RESET command while the device is in EzPort mode
1 Reset caused by EzPort receiving the RESET command while the device is in EzPort mode
3
MDM_AP
MDM-AP System Reset Request
Indicates a reset has been caused by the host debugger system setting of the System Reset Request bit
in the MDM-AP Control Register.
0 Reset not caused by host debugger system setting of the System Reset Request bit
1 Reset caused by host debugger system setting of the System Reset Request bit
2
SW
Software
Indicates a reset has been caused by software setting of SYSRESETREQ bit in Application Interrupt and
Reset Control Register in the ARM core.
0 Reset not caused by software setting of SYSRESETREQ bit
1 Reset caused by software setting of SYSRESETREQ bit
1
LOCKUP
Core Lockup
Indicates a reset has been caused by the ARM core indication of a LOCKUP event.
0 Reset not caused by core LOCKUP event
1 Reset caused by core LOCKUP event
0
JTAG
JTAG Generated Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by JTAG selection of certain IR codes: EZPORT, EXTEST, HIGHZ,
and CLAMP.
0 Reset not caused by JTAG
1 Reset caused by JTAG
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14.2.3 Reset Pin Filter Control register (RCM_RPFC)
NOTE
The reset values of bits 2-0 are for Chip POR only. They are
unaffected by other reset types.
NOTE
The bus clock filter is reset when disabled or when entering
stop mode. The LPO filter is reset when disabled .
Address: 4007_F000h base + 4h offset = 4007_F004h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 RSTFLTSS RSTFLTSRW
Write
Reset 00000000
RCM_RPFC field descriptions
Field Description
7–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
RSTFLTSS
Reset Pin Filter Select in Stop Mode
Selects how the reset pin filter is enabled in Stop and VLPS modes , and also during LLS and VLLS
modes. On exit from VLLS mode, this bit should be reconfigured before clearing PMC_REGSC[ACKISO].
0 All filtering disabled
1 LPO clock filter enabled
RSTFLTSRW Reset Pin Filter Select in Run and Wait Modes
Selects how the reset pin filter is enabled in run and wait modes.
00 All filtering disabled
01 Bus clock filter enabled for normal operation
10 LPO clock filter enabled for normal operation
11 Reserved
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14.2.4 Reset Pin Filter Width register (RCM_RPFW)
NOTE
The reset values of the bits in the RSTFLTSEL field are for
Chip POR only. They are unaffected by other reset types.
Address: 4007_F000h base + 5h offset = 4007_F005h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 RSTFLTSEL
Write
Reset 00000000
RCM_RPFW field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
RSTFLTSEL Reset Pin Filter Bus Clock Select
Selects the reset pin bus clock filter width.
00000 Bus clock filter count is 1
00001 Bus clock filter count is 2
00010 Bus clock filter count is 3
00011 Bus clock filter count is 4
00100 Bus clock filter count is 5
00101 Bus clock filter count is 6
00110 Bus clock filter count is 7
00111 Bus clock filter count is 8
01000 Bus clock filter count is 9
01001 Bus clock filter count is 10
01010 Bus clock filter count is 11
01011 Bus clock filter count is 12
01100 Bus clock filter count is 13
01101 Bus clock filter count is 14
01110 Bus clock filter count is 15
01111 Bus clock filter count is 16
10000 Bus clock filter count is 17
10001 Bus clock filter count is 18
10010 Bus clock filter count is 19
10011 Bus clock filter count is 20
10100 Bus clock filter count is 21
10101 Bus clock filter count is 22
10110 Bus clock filter count is 23
10111 Bus clock filter count is 24
11000 Bus clock filter count is 25
Table continues on the next page...
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RCM_RPFW field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
11001 Bus clock filter count is 26
11010 Bus clock filter count is 27
11011 Bus clock filter count is 28
11100 Bus clock filter count is 29
11101 Bus clock filter count is 30
11110 Bus clock filter count is 31
11111 Bus clock filter count is 32
14.2.5 Mode Register (RCM_MR)
This register includes read-only status flags to indicate the state of the mode pins during
the last Chip Reset.
Address: 4007_F000h base + 7h offset = 4007_F007h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 EZP_MS 0
Write
Reset 00000000
RCM_MR field descriptions
Field Description
7–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
EZP_MS
EZP_MS_B pin state
Reflects the state of the EZP_MS pin during the last Chip Reset
0 Pin deasserted (logic 1)
1 Pin asserted (logic 0)
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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14.2.6 Sticky System Reset Status Register 0 (RCM_SSRS0)
This register includes status flags to indicate all reset sources since the last POR, LVD or
VLLS Wakeup that have not been cleared by software. Software can clear the status flags
by writing a logic one to a flag.
Address: 4007_F000h base + 8h offset = 4007_F008h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SPOR SPIN SWDOG 0 SLOC SLVD SWAKEUP
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 10000010
RCM_SSRS0 field descriptions
Field Description
7
SPOR
Sticky Power-On Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by the power-on detection logic. Because the internal supply voltage
was ramping up at the time, the low-voltage reset (LVD) status bit is also set to indicate that the reset
occurred while the internal supply was below the LVD threshold.
0 Reset not caused by POR
1 Reset caused by POR
6
SPIN
Sticky External Reset Pin
Indicates a reset has been caused by an active-low level on the external RESET pin.
0 Reset not caused by external reset pin
1 Reset caused by external reset pin
5
SWDOG
Sticky Watchdog
Indicates a reset has been caused by the watchdog timer timing out.This reset source can be blocked by
disabling the watchdog.
0 Reset not caused by watchdog timeout
1 Reset caused by watchdog timeout
4–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
SLOC
Sticky Loss-of-Clock Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by a loss of external clock. The MCG clock monitor must be enabled
for a loss of clock to be detected. Refer to the detailed MCG description for information on enabling the
clock monitor.
0 Reset not caused by a loss of external clock.
1 Reset caused by a loss of external clock.
1
SLVD
Sticky Low-Voltage Detect Reset
Table continues on the next page...
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RCM_SSRS0 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
If PMC_LVDSC1[LVDRE] is set and the supply drops below the LVD trip voltage, an LVD reset occurs.
This field is also set by POR.
0 Reset not caused by LVD trip or POR
1 Reset caused by LVD trip or POR
0
SWAKEUP
Sticky Low Leakage Wakeup Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by an enabled LLWU modulewakeup source while the chip was in a
low leakage mode. In LLS mode, the RESET pin is the only wakeup source that can cause this reset. Any
enabled wakeup source in a VLLSx mode causes a reset.
0 Reset not caused by LLWU module wakeup source
1 Reset caused by LLWU module wakeup source
14.2.7 Sticky System Reset Status Register 1 (RCM_SSRS1)
This register includes status flags to indicate all reset sources since the last POR, LVD or
VLLS Wakeup that have not been cleared by software. Software can clear the status flags
by writing a logic one to a flag.
Address: 4007_F000h base + 9h offset = 4007_F009h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 SSACKERR SEZPT SMDM_AP SSW SLOCKUP SJTAG
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
RCM_SSRS1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
SSACKERR
Sticky Stop Mode Acknowledge Error Reset
Indicates that after an attempt to enter Stop mode, a reset has been caused by a failure of one or more
peripherals to acknowledge within approximately one second to enter stop mode.
0 Reset not caused by peripheral failure to acknowledge attempt to enter stop mode
1 Reset caused by peripheral failure to acknowledge attempt to enter stop mode
4
SEZPT
Sticky EzPort Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by EzPort receiving the RESET command while the device is in EzPort
mode.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 14 Reset Control Module (RCM)
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RCM_SSRS1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Reset not caused by EzPort receiving the RESET command while the device is in EzPort mode
1 Reset caused by EzPort receiving the RESET command while the device is in EzPort mode
3
SMDM_AP
Sticky MDM-AP System Reset Request
Indicates a reset has been caused by the host debugger system setting of the System Reset Request bit
in the MDM-AP Control Register.
0 Reset not caused by host debugger system setting of the System Reset Request bit
1 Reset caused by host debugger system setting of the System Reset Request bit
2
SSW
Sticky Software
Indicates a reset has been caused by software setting of SYSRESETREQ bit in Application Interrupt and
Reset Control Register in the ARM core.
0 Reset not caused by software setting of SYSRESETREQ bit
1 Reset caused by software setting of SYSRESETREQ bit
1
SLOCKUP
Sticky Core Lockup
Indicates a reset has been caused by the ARM core indication of a LOCKUP event.
0 Reset not caused by core LOCKUP event
1 Reset caused by core LOCKUP event
0
SJTAG
Sticky JTAG Generated Reset
Indicates a reset has been caused by JTAG selection of certain IR codes: EZPORT, EXTEST, HIGHZ,
and CLAMP.
0 Reset not caused by JTAG
1 Reset caused by JTAG
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Chapter 15
System Mode Controller (SMC)
15.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The System Mode Controller (SMC) is responsible for sequencing the system into and
out of all low-power Stop and Run modes.
Specifically, it monitors events to trigger transitions between power modes while
controlling the power, clocks, and memories of the system to achieve the power
consumption and functionality of that mode.
This chapter describes all the available low-power modes, the sequence followed to enter/
exit each mode, and the functionality available while in each of the modes.
The SMC is able to function during even the deepest low power modes.
See AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs for further details on using the
SMC.
15.2 Modes of operation
The ARM CPU has three primary modes of operation:
• Run
• Sleep
• Deep Sleep
The WFI or WFE instruction is used to invoke Sleep and Deep Sleep modes. Run, Wait,
and Stop are the common terms used for the primary operating modes of Kinetis
microcontrollers.
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The following table shows the translation between the ARM CPU modes and the Kinetis
MCU power modes.
ARM CPU mode MCU mode
Sleep Wait
Deep Sleep Stop
Accordingly, the ARM CPU documentation refers to sleep and deep sleep, while the
Kinetis MCU documentation normally uses wait and stop.
In addition, Kinetis MCUs also augment Stop, Wait, and Run modes in a number of
ways. The power management controller (PMC) contains a run and a stop mode
regulator. Run regulation is used in normal run, wait and stop modes. Stop mode
regulation is used during all very low power and low leakage modes. During stop mode
regulation, the bus frequencies are limited in the very low power modes.
The SMC provides the user with multiple power options. The Very Low Power Run
(VLPR) mode can drastically reduce run time power when maximum bus frequency is
not required to handle the application needs. From Normal Run mode, the Run Mode
(RUNM) field can be modified to change the MCU into VLPR mode when limited
frequency is sufficient for the application. From VLPR mode, a corresponding wait
(VLPW) and stop (VLPS) mode can be entered.
Depending on the needs of the user application, a variety of stop modes are available that
allow the state retention, partial power down or full power down of certain logic and/or
memory. I/O states are held in all modes of operation. Several registers are used to
configure the various modes of operation for the device.
The following table describes the power modes available for the device.
Table 15-1. Power modes
Mode Description
RUN The MCU can be run at full speed and the internal supply is fully regulated, that is, in run regulation.
This mode is also referred to as Normal Run mode.
HSRUN The MCU can be run at a faster frequency compared with RUN mode and the internal supply is fully
regulated. See the Power Management chapter for details about the maximum allowable
frequencies.
WAIT The core clock is gated off. The system clock continues to operate. Bus clocks, if enabled, continue
to operate. Run regulation is maintained.
STOP The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid.
VLPR The core, system, bus, and flash clock maximum frequencies are restricted in this mode. See the
Power Management chapter for details about the maximum allowable frequencies.
Table continues on the next page...
Modes of operation
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Table 15-1. Power modes (continued)
Mode Description
VLPW The core clock is gated off. The system, bus, and flash clocks continue to operate, although their
maximum frequency is restricted. See the Power Management chapter for details on the maximum
allowable frequencies.
VLPS The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid.
LLS3 The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid. The MCU is placed in a low
leakage mode by reducing the voltage to internal logic. All system RAM contents, internal logic and
I/O states are retained.
LLS2 The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid. The MCU is placed in a low
leakage mode by reducing voltage to internal logicand powering down the system RAM2 partition.
The system RAM1 partition, internal logic and I/O states are retained.1
VLLS3 The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid. The MCU is placed in a low
leakage mode by powering down the internal logic. All system RAM contents are retained and I/O
states are held. Internal logic states are not retained.
VLLS2 The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid. The MCU is placed in a low
leakage mode by powering down the internal logic and the system RAM2 partition. The system
RAM1 partition contents are retained in this mode. Internal logic states are not retained. 1
VLLS1 The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid. The MCU is placed in a low
leakage mode by powering down the internal logic and all system RAM. I/O states are held. Internal
logic states are not retained.
VLLS0 The core clock is gated off. System clocks to other masters and bus clocks are gated off after all
stop acknowledge signals from supporting peripherals are valid. The MCU is placed in a low
leakage mode by powering down the internal logic and all system RAM. I/O states are held. Internal
logic states are not retained. The 1kHz LPO clock is disabled and the power on reset (POR) circuit
can be optionally enabled using STOPCTRL[PORPO].
1. See the devices' chip configuration details for the size and location of the system RAM partitions.
15.3 Memory map and register descriptions
Information about the registers related to the system mode controller can be found here.
Different SMC registers reset on different reset types. Each register's description provides
details. For more information about the types of reset on this chip, refer to the Reset
section details.
NOTE
The SMC registers can be written only in supervisor mode.
Write accesses in user mode are blocked and will result in a bus
error.
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NOTE
Before executing the WFI instruction, the last register written to
must be read back. This ensures that all register writes
associated with setting up the low power mode being entered
have completed before the MCU enters the low power mode.
Failure to do this may result in the low power mode not being
entered correctly.
SMC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_E000 Power Mode Protection register (SMC_PMPROT) 8 R/W 00h 15.3.1/334
4007_E001 Power Mode Control register (SMC_PMCTRL) 8 R/W 00h 15.3.2/335
4007_E002 Stop Control Register (SMC_STOPCTRL) 8 R/W 03h 15.3.3/337
4007_E003 Power Mode Status register (SMC_PMSTAT) 8 R 01h 15.3.4/338
15.3.1 Power Mode Protection register (SMC_PMPROT)
This register provides protection for entry into any low-power run or stop mode. The
enabling of the low-power run or stop mode occurs by configuring the Power Mode
Control register (PMCTRL).
The PMPROT register can be written only once after any system reset.
If the MCU is configured for a disallowed or reserved power mode, the MCU remains in
its current power mode. For example, if the MCU is in normal RUN mode and AVLP is
0, an attempt to enter VLPR mode using PMCTRL[RUNM] is blocked and
PMCTRL[RUNM] remains 00b, indicating the MCU is still in Normal Run mode.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the Reset
section details for more information.
Address: 4007_E000h base + 0h offset = 4007_E000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read AHSRUN 0AVLP 0ALLS 0AVLLS 0
Write
Reset 00000000
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SMC_PMPROT field descriptions
Field Description
7
AHSRUN
Allow High Speed Run mode
Provided the appropriate control bits are set up in PMCTRL, this write-once field allows the MCU to enter
High Speed Run mode (HSRUN).
0 HSRUN is not allowed
1 HSRUN is allowed
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
AVLP
Allow Very-Low-Power Modes
Provided the appropriate control bits are set up in PMCTRL, this write-once field allows the MCU to enter
any very-low-power mode (VLPR, VLPW, and VLPS).
0 VLPR, VLPW, and VLPS are not allowed.
1 VLPR, VLPW, and VLPS are allowed.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
ALLS
Allow Low-Leakage Stop Mode
Provided the appropriate control bits are set up in PMCTRL, this write-once field allows the MCU to enter
any low-leakage stop mode (LLS).
0 Any LLSx mode is not allowed
1 Any LLSx mode is allowed
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
AVLLS
Allow Very-Low-Leakage Stop Mode
Provided the appropriate control bits are set up in PMCTRL, this write once bit allows the MCU to enter
any very-low-leakage stop mode (VLLSx).
0 Any VLLSx mode is not allowed
1 Any VLLSx mode is allowed
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15.3.2 Power Mode Control register (SMC_PMCTRL)
The PMCTRL register controls entry into low-power Run and Stop modes, provided that
the selected power mode is allowed via an appropriate setting of the protection
(PMPROT) register.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip POR not VLLS and by reset types
that trigger Chip POR not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset types
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that do not trigger Chip POR not VLLS. See the Reset section
details for more information.
Address: 4007_E000h base + 1h offset = 4007_E001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved RUNM 0 STOPA STOPM
Write
Reset 00000000
SMC_PMCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This bit is reserved for future expansion. Software should write 0 to this bit to maintain compatibility.
6–5
RUNM
Run Mode Control
When written, causes entry into the selected run mode. Writes to this field are blocked if the protection
level has not been enabled using the PMPROT register.
NOTE: RUNM may be set to VLPR only when PMSTAT=RUN. After being written to VLPR, RUNM
should not be written back to RUN until PMSTAT=VLPR.
NOTE: RUNM may be set to HSRUN only when PMSTAT=RUN. After being programmed to HSRUN,
RUNM should not be programmed back to RUN until PMSTAT=HSRUN. Also, stop mode entry
should not be attempted while RUNM=HSRUN or PMSTAT=HSRUN.
00 Normal Run mode (RUN)
01 Reserved
10 Very-Low-Power Run mode (VLPR)
11 High Speed Run mode (HSRUN)
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
STOPA
Stop Aborted
When set, this read-only status bit indicates an interrupt occured during the previous stop mode entry
sequence, preventing the system from entering that mode. This field is cleared by reset or by hardware at
the beginning of any stop mode entry sequence and is set if the sequence was aborted.
0 The previous stop mode entry was successful.
1 The previous stop mode entry was aborted.
STOPM Stop Mode Control
When written, controls entry into the selected stop mode when Sleep-Now or Sleep-On-Exit mode is
entered with SLEEPDEEP=1 . Writes to this field are blocked if the protection level has not been enabled
using the PMPROT register. After any system reset, this field is cleared by hardware on any successful
write to the PMPROT register.
NOTE: When set to VLLSxor LLSx, the LLSM in the STOPCTRL register is used to further select the
particular VLLSor LLS submode which will be entered.
NOTE: When set to STOP, the PSTOPO bits in the STOPCTRL register can be used to select a Partial
Stop mode if desired.
000 Normal Stop (STOP)
Table continues on the next page...
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SMC_PMCTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
001 Reserved
010 Very-Low-Power Stop (VLPS)
011 Low-Leakage Stop (LLSx)
100 Very-Low-Leakage Stop (VLLSx)
101 Reserved
110 Reseved
111 Reserved
15.3.3 Stop Control Register (SMC_STOPCTRL)
The STOPCTRL register provides various control bits allowing the user to fine tune
power consumption during the stop mode selected by the STOPM field.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip POR not VLLS and by reset types
that trigger Chip POR not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset types
that do not trigger Chip POR not VLLS. See the Reset section
details for more information.
Address: 4007_E000h base + 2h offset = 4007_E002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read PSTOPO PORPO 0Reserved LLSM
Write
Reset 00000011
SMC_STOPCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
PSTOPO
Partial Stop Option
These bits control whether a Partial Stop mode is entered when STOPM=STOP. When entering a Partial
Stop mode from RUN (or VLPR) mode, the PMC, MCG and flash remain fully powered, allowing the
device to wakeup almost instantaneously at the expense of higher power consumption. In PSTOP2, only
system clocks are gated allowing peripherals running on bus clock to remain fully functional. In PSTOP1,
both system and bus clocks are gated.
00 STOP - Normal Stop mode
01 PSTOP1 - Partial Stop with both system and bus clocks disabled
10 PSTOP2 - Partial Stop with system clock disabled and bus clock enabled
11 Reserved
5
PORPO
POR Power Option
This bit controls whether the POR detect circuit is enabled in VLLS0 mode.
Table continues on the next page...
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SMC_STOPCTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 POR detect circuit is enabled in VLLS0
1 POR detect circuit is disabled in VLLS0
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This bit is reserved for future expansion. Software should write 0 to this bit to maintain compatibility.
LLSM LLS or VLLS Mode Control
This field controls which LLS orVLLS sub-mode to enter if STOPM = LLSx orVLLSx.
000 VLLS0 if PMCTRL[STOPM]=VLLSx, reserved if PMCTRL[STOPM]=LLSx
001 VLLS1 if PMCTRL[STOPM]=VLLSx, reserved if PMCTRL[STOPM]=LLSx
010 VLLS2 if PMCTRL[STOPM]=VLLSx, LLS2 if PMCTRL[STOPM]=LLSx
011 VLLS3 if PMCTRL[STOPM]=VLLSx, LLS3 if PMCTRL[STOPM]=LLSx
100 Reserved
101 Reserved
110 Reserved
111 Reserved
15.3.4 Power Mode Status register (SMC_PMSTAT)
PMSTAT is a read-only, one-hot register which indicates the current power mode of the
system.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip POR not VLLS and by reset types
that trigger Chip POR not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset types
that do not trigger Chip POR not VLLS. See the Reset section
details for more information.
Address: 4007_E000h base + 3h offset = 4007_E003h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read PMSTAT
Write
Reset 00000001
SMC_PMSTAT field descriptions
Field Description
PMSTAT Power Mode Status
NOTE: When debug is enabled, the PMSTAT will not update to STOP or VLPS
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SMC_PMSTAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
NOTE: When a PSTOP mode is enabled, the PMSTAT will not update to STOP or VLPS
0000_0001 Current power mode is RUN.
0000_0010 Current power mode is STOP.
0000_0100 Current power mode is VLPR.
0000_1000 Current power mode is VLPW.
0001_0000 Current power mode is VLPS.
0010_0000 Current power mode is LLS.
0100_0000 Current power mode is VLLS.
1000_0000 Current power mode is HSRUN
15.4 Functional description
15.4.1 Power mode transitions
The following figure shows the power mode state transitions available on the chip. Any
reset always brings the MCU back to the normal RUN state.
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WAIT
STOP
RUN
LLS VLLS
VLPS
VLPR
VLPW
Any RESET
HSRUN
4
6
7
3
1
2
8
10
11
9
5
12
Figure 15-1. Power mode state diagram
The following table defines triggers for the various state transitions shown in the previous
figure.
Table 15-2. Power mode transition triggers
Transition # From To Trigger conditions
1 RUN WAIT Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit modes entered with SLEEPDEEP
clear, controlled in System Control Register in ARM core.
See note.1
WAIT RUN Interrupt or Reset
2 RUN STOP PMCTRL[RUNM]=00, PMCTRL[STOPM]=0002
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 15-2. Power mode transition triggers (continued)
Transition # From To Trigger conditions
Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit modes entered with SLEEPDEEP
set, which is controlled in System Control Register in ARM
core.
See note.1
STOP RUN Interrupt or Reset
3 RUN VLPR The core, system, bus and flash clock frequencies and MCG
clocking mode are restricted in this mode. See the Power
Management chapter for the maximum allowable frequencies
and MCG modes supported.
Set PMPROT[AVLP]=1, PMCTRL[RUNM]=10.
VLPR RUN Set PMCTRL[RUNM]=00 or
Reset.
4 VLPR VLPW Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit modes entered with SLEEPDEEP
clear, which is controlled in System Control Register in ARM
core.
See note.1
VLPW VLPR Interrupt
5 VLPW RUN Reset
6 VLPR VLPS PMCTRL[STOPM]=0003 or 010,
Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit modes entered with SLEEPDEEP
set, which is controlled in System Control Register in ARM
core.
See note.1
VLPS VLPR Interrupt
NOTE: If VLPS was entered directly from RUN (transition
#7), hardware forces exit back to RUN and does not
allow a transition to VLPR.
7 RUN VLPS PMPROT[AVLP]=1, PMCTRL[STOPM]=010,
Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit modes entered with SLEEPDEEP
set, which is controlled in System Control Register in ARM
core.
See note.1
VLPS RUN Interrupt and VLPS mode was entered directly from RUN or
Reset
8 RUN VLLSx PMPROT[AVLLS]=1, PMCTRL[STOPM]=100,
STOPCTRL[LLSM]=x (VLLSx), Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit
modes entered with SLEEPDEEP set, which is controlled in
System Control Register in ARM core.
VLLSx RUN Wakeup from enabled LLWU input source or RESET pin
9 VLPR VLLSx PMPROT[AVLLS]=1, PMCTRL[STOPM]=100,
STOPCTRL[LLSM]=x (VLLSx), Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit
modes entered with SLEEPDEEP set, which is controlled in
System Control Register in ARM core.
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 15-2. Power mode transition triggers (continued)
Transition # From To Trigger conditions
10 RUN LLSx PMPROT[ALLS]=1, PMCTRL[STOPM]=011,
STOPCTRL[LLSM]=x (LLSx), Sleep-now or sleep-on-exit
modes entered with SLEEPDEEP set, which is controlled in
System Control Register in ARM core.
LLSx RUN Wakeup from enabled LLWU input source and LLSx mode
was entered directly from RUN or
RESET pin.
11 VLPR LLSx PMPROT[ALLS]=1, PMCTRL[STOPM]=011, Sleep-now or
sleep-on-exit modes entered with SLEEPDEEP set, which is
controlled in System Control Register in ARM core.
LLSx VLPR Wakeup from enabled LLWU input source and LLSx mode
was entered directly from VLPR
NOTE: If LLSx was entered directly from RUN, hardware will
not allow this transition and will force exit back to
RUN
12 RUN HSRUN Set PMPROT[AHSRUN]=1, PMCTRL[RUNM]=11.
HSRUN RUN Set PMCTRL[RUNM]=00 or
Reset
1. If debug is enabled, the core clock remains to support debug.
2. If PMCTRL[STOPM]=000 and STOPCTRL[PSTOPO]=01 or 10, then only a Partial Stop mode is entered instead of STOP
3. If PMCTRL[STOPM]=000 and STOPCTRL[PSTOPO]=00, then VLPS mode is entered instead of STOP. If
PMCTRL[STOPM]=000 and STOPCTRL[PSTOPO]=01 or 10, then only a Partial Stop mode is entered instead of VLPS
15.4.2 Power mode entry/exit sequencing
When entering or exiting low-power modes, the system must conform to an orderly
sequence to manage transitions safely.
The SMC manages the system's entry into and exit from all power modes. This diagram
illustrates the connections of the SMC with other system components in the chip that are
necessary to sequence the system through all power modes.
Figure 15-2. Low-power system components and connections
15.4.2.1 Stop mode entry sequence
Entry into a low-power stop mode (Stop, VLPS, LLS, VLLSx) is initiated by a CPU
executing the WFI instruction. After the instruction is executed, the following sequence
occurs:
1. The CPU clock is gated off immediately.
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2. Requests are made to all non-CPU bus masters to enter Stop mode.
3. After all masters have acknowledged they are ready to enter Stop mode, requests are
made to all bus slaves to enter Stop mode.
4. After all slaves have acknowledged they are ready to enter Stop mode, all system and
bus clocks are gated off.
5. Clock generators are disabled in the MCG.
6. The on-chip regulator in the PMC and internal power switches are configured to
meet the power consumption goals for the targeted low-power mode.
15.4.2.2 Stop mode exit sequence
Exit from a low-power stop mode is initiated either by a reset or an interrupt event. The
following sequence then executes to restore the system to a run mode (RUN or VLPR):
1. The on-chip regulator in the PMC and internal power switches are restored.
2. Clock generators are enabled in the MCG.
3. System and bus clocks are enabled to all masters and slaves.
4. The CPU clock is enabled and the CPU begins servicing the reset or interrupt that
initiated the exit from the low-power stop mode.
15.4.2.3 Aborted stop mode entry
If an interrupt occurs during a stop entry sequence, the SMC can abort the transition early
and return to RUN mode without completely entering the stop mode. An aborted entry is
possible only if the interrupt occurs before the PMC begins the transition to stop mode
regulation. After this point, the interrupt is ignored until the PMC has completed its
transition to stop mode regulation. When an aborted stop mode entry sequence occurs,
SMC_PMCTRL[STOPA] is set to 1.
15.4.2.4 Transition to wait modes
For wait modes (WAIT and VLPW), the CPU clock is gated off while all other clocking
continues, as in RUN and VLPR mode operation. Some modules that support stop-in-
wait functionality have their clocks disabled in these configurations.
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15.4.2.5 Transition from stop modes to Debug mode
The debugger module supports a transition from STOP, WAIT, VLPS, and VLPW back
to a Halted state when the debugger has been enabled. As part of this transition, system
clocking is re-established and is equivalent to the normal RUN and VLPR mode clocking
configuration.
15.4.3 Run modes
The run modes supported by this device can be found here.
• Run (RUN)
• Very Low-Power Run (VLPR)
• High Speed Run (HSRUN)
15.4.3.1 RUN mode
This is the normal operating mode for the device.
This mode is selected after any reset. When the ARM processor exits reset, it sets up the
stack, program counter (PC), and link register (LR):
• The processor reads the start SP (SP_main) from vector-table offset 0x000
• The processor reads the start PC from vector-table offset 0x004
• LR is set to 0xFFFF_FFFF.
To reduce power in this mode, disable the clocks to unused modules.
15.4.3.2 Very-Low Power Run (VLPR) mode
In VLPR mode, the on-chip voltage regulator is put into a stop mode regulation state. In
this state, the regulator is designed to supply enough current to the MCU over a reduced
frequency. To further reduce power in this mode, disable the clocks to unused modules
using their corresponding clock gating control bits in the SIM's registers.
Before entering this mode, the following conditions must be met:
• The MCG must be configured in a mode which is supported during VLPR. See the
Power Management details for information about these MCG modes.
• All clock monitors in the MCG must be disabled.
• The maximum frequencies of the system, bus, flash, and core are restricted. See the
Power Management details about which frequencies are supported.
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• Mode protection must be set to allow VLP modes, that is, PMPROT[AVLP] is 1.
• PMCTRL[RUNM] must be set to 10b to enter VLPR.
• Flash programming/erasing is not allowed.
NOTE
Do not increase the clock frequency while in VLPR mode,
because the regulator is slow in responding and cannot manage
fast load transitions. In addition, do not modify the clock source
in the MCG module or any clock divider registers. Module
clock enables in the SIM can be set, but not cleared.
To reenter Normal Run mode, clear PMCTRL[RUNM]. PMSTAT is a read-only status
register that can be used to determine when the system has completed an exit to RUN
mode. When PMSTAT=RUN, the system is in run regulation and the MCU can run at
full speed in any clock mode. If a higher execution frequency is desired, poll PMSTAT
until it is set to RUN when returning from VLPR mode.
Any reset always causes an exit from VLPR and returns the device to RUN mode after
the MCU exits its reset flow.
15.4.3.3 High Speed Run (HSRUN) mode
In HSRUN mode, the on-chip voltage regulator remains in a run regulation state, but with
a slightly elevated voltage output. In this state, the MCU is able to operate at a faster
frequency compared to normal RUN mode. For the maximum allowable frequencies, see
the Power Management chapter.
While in this mode, the following restrictions must be adhered to:
• The maximum allowable change in frequency of the system, bus, flash or core clocks
is restricted to 2x (double the frequency).
• Before exiting HSRUN mode, clock frequencies should be reduced back down to
those acceptable in RUN mode.
• Stop mode entry is not supported from HSRUN.
• Modifications to clock gating control bits are prohibited.
• Flash programming/erasing is not allowed.
To enter HSRUN mode, set PMPROT[AHSRUN] to allow HSRUN and then set
PMCTRL[RUNM]=HSRUN. Before increasing clock frequencies, the PMSTAT register
should be polled to determine when the system has completed entry into HSRUN mode.
To reenter normal RUN mode, clear PMCTRL[RUNM]. Any reset also clears
PMCTRL[RUNM] and causes the system to exit to normal RUN mode after the MCU
exits its reset flow.
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15.4.4 Wait modes
This device contains two different wait modes which are listed here.
• Wait
• Very-Low Power Wait (VLPW)
15.4.4.1 WAIT mode
WAIT mode is entered when the ARM core enters the Sleep-Now or Sleep-On-Exit
modes while SLEEPDEEP is cleared. The ARM CPU enters a low-power state in which
it is not clocked, but peripherals continue to be clocked provided they are enabled.
When an interrupt request occurs, the CPU exits WAIT mode and resumes processing in
RUN mode, beginning with the stacking operations leading to the interrupt service
routine.
A system reset causes an exit from WAIT mode, returning the device to normal RUN
mode.
15.4.4.2 Very-Low-Power Wait (VLPW) mode
VLPW mode is entered by entering the Sleep-Now or Sleep-On-Exit mode while
SLEEPDEEP is cleared and the device is in VLPR mode.
In VLPW, the on-chip voltage regulator remains in its stop regulation state. In this state,
the regulator is designed to supply enough current to the device at a reduced frequency.
To further reduce power in this mode, disable the clocks to unused modules.
VLPR mode restrictions also apply to VLPW.
When an interrupt from VLPW occurs, the device returns to VLPR mode to execute the
interrupt service routine.
A system reset causes an exit from VLPW mode, returning the device to normal RUN
mode.
15.4.5 Stop modes
This device contains a variety of stop modes to meet your application needs.
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The stop modes range from:
• a stopped CPU, with all I/O, logic, and memory states retained, and certain
asynchronous mode peripherals operating
to:
• a powered down CPU, with only I/O and a small register file retained, very few
asynchronous mode peripherals operating, while the remainder of the MCU is
powered down.
The choice of stop mode depends upon the user's application, and how power usage and
state retention versus functional needs and recovery time may be traded off.
The various stop modes are selected by setting the appropriate fields in PMPROT and
PMCTRL. The selected stop mode is entered during the sleep-now or sleep-on-exit entry
with the SLEEPDEEP bit set in the System Control Register in the ARM core.
The available stop modes are:
• Normal Stop (STOP)
• Very-Low Power Stop (VLPS)
• Low-Leakage Stop (LLS)
• Very-Low-Leakage Stop (VLLSx)
15.4.5.1 STOP mode
STOP mode is entered via the sleep-now or sleep-on-exit with the SLEEPDEEP bit set in
the System Control Register in the ARM core.
The MCG module can be configured to leave the reference clocks running.
A module capable of providing an asynchronous interrupt to the device takes the device
out of STOP mode and returns the device to normal RUN mode. Refer to the device's
Power Management chapter for peripheral, I/O, and memory operation in STOP mode.
When an interrupt request occurs, the CPU exits STOP mode and resumes processing,
beginning with the stacking operations leading to the interrupt service routine.
A system reset will cause an exit from STOP mode, returning the device to normal RUN
mode via an MCU reset.
15.4.5.2 Very-Low-Power Stop (VLPS) mode
The two ways in which VLPS mode can be entered are listed here.
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• Entry into stop via the sleep-now or sleep-on-exit with the SLEEPDEEP bit set in the
System Control Register in the ARM core while the MCU is in VLPR mode and
PMCTRL[STOPM] = 010 or 000.
• Entry into stop via the sleep-now or sleep-on-exit with the SLEEPDEEP bit set in the
System Control Register in the ARM core while the MCU is in normal RUN mode
and PMCTRL[STOPM] = 010. When VLPS is entered directly from RUN mode, exit
to VLPR is disabled by hardware and the system will always exit back to RUN.
In VLPS, the on-chip voltage regulator remains in its stop regulation state as in VLPR.
A module capable of providing an asynchronous interrupt to the device takes the device
out of VLPS and returns the device to VLPR mode.
A system reset will also cause a VLPS exit, returning the device to normal RUN mode.
15.4.5.3 Low-Leakage Stop (LLSx) modes
This device contains two Low-Leakage Stop modes: LLS3 and LLS2. LLS or LLSx is
often used in this document to refer to both modes. All LLS modes can be entered from
normal RUN or VLPR modes.
The MCU enters LLS mode if:
• In Sleep-Now or Sleep-On-Exit mode, SLEEPDEEP is set in the System Control
Register in the ARM core, and
• The device is configured as shown in Table 15-2.
In LLS, the on-chip voltage regulator is in stop regulation. Most of the peripherals are put
in a state-retention mode that does not allow them to operate while in LLS.
Before entering LLS mode, the user should configure the Low-Leakage Wake-up
(LLWU) module to enable the desired wake-up sources. The available wake-up sources
in LLS are detailed in the chip configuration details for this device.
After wakeup from LLS, the device returns to the run mode from which LLS was entered
(either normal RUN or VLPR) with a pending LLWU module interrupt. In the LLWU
interrupt service routine (ISR), the user can poll the LLWU module wake-up flags to
determine the source of the wakeup.
NOTE
The LLWU interrupt must not be masked by the interrupt
controller to avoid a scenario where the system does not fully
exit Stop mode on an LLS recovery.
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An asserted RESET pin will cause an exit from LLS mode, returning the device to
normal RUN mode. When LLS is exiting via the RESET pin, RCM_SRS[PIN] and
RCM_SRS[WAKEUP] are set.
15.4.5.4 Very-Low-Leakage Stop (VLLSx) modes
This device contains these very low leakage modes:
• VLLS3
• VLLS2
• VLLS1
• VLLS0
VLLSx is often used in this document to refer to all of these modes.
All VLLSx modes can be entered from normal RUN or VLPR modes.
The MCU enters the configured VLLS mode if:
• In Sleep-Now or Sleep-On-Exit mode, the SLEEPDEEP bit is set in the System
Control Register in the ARM core, and
• The device is configured as shown in Table 15-2.
In VLLS, the on-chip voltage regulator is in its stop-regulation state while most digital
logic is powered off.
Before entering VLLS mode, the user should configure the Low-Leakage Wake-up
(LLWU) module to enable the desired wakeup sources. The available wake-up sources in
VLLS are detailed in the chip configuration details for this device.
After wakeup from VLLS, the device returns to normal RUN mode with a pending
LLWU interrupt. In the LLWU interrupt service routine (ISR), the user can poll the
LLWU module wake-up flags to determine the source of the wake-up.
When entering VLLS, each I/O pin is latched as configured before executing VLLS.
Because all digital logic in the MCU is powered off, all port and peripheral data is lost
during VLLS. This information must be restored before PMC_REGSC[ACKISO] is set.
An asserted RESET pin will cause an exit from any VLLS mode, returning the device to
normal RUN mode. When exiting VLLS via the RESET pin, RCM_SRS[PIN] and
RCM_SRS[WAKEUP] are set.
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15.4.6 Debug in low power modes
When the MCU is secure, the device disables/limits debugger operation. When the MCU
is unsecure, the ARM debugger can assert two power-up request signals:
• System power up, via SYSPWR in the Debug Port Control/Stat register
• Debug power up, via CDBGPWRUPREQ in the Debug Port Control/Stat register
When asserted while in RUN, WAIT, VLPR, or VLPR the mode controller drives a
corresponding acknowledge for each signal, that is, both CDBGPWRUPACK and
CSYSPWRUPACK. When both requests are asserted, the mode controller handles
attempts to enter STOP and VLPS by entering an emulated stop state. In this emulated
stop state:
• the regulator is in run regulation,
• the MCG-generated clock source is enabled,
• all system clocks, except the core clock, are disabled,
• the debug module has access to core registers, and
• access to the on-chip peripherals is blocked.
No debug is available while the MCU is in LLS or VLLS modes. LLS is a state-retention
mode and all debug operation can continue after waking from LLS, even in cases where
system wakeup is due to a system reset event.
Entering into a VLLS mode causes all of the debug controls and settings to be powered
off. To give time to the debugger to sync with the MCU, the MDM AP Control Register
includes a Very-Low-Leakage Debug Request (VLLDBGREQ) bit that is set to configure
the Reset Controller logic to hold the system in reset after the next recovery from a VLLS
mode. This bit allows the debugger time to reinitialize the debug module before the
debug session continues.
The MDM AP Control Register also includes a Very Low Leakage Debug Acknowledge
(VLLDBGACK) bit that is set to release the ARM core being held in reset following a
VLLS recovery. The debugger reinitializes all debug IP, and then asserts the
VLLDBGACK control bit to allow the RCM to release the ARM core from reset and
allow CPU operation to begin.
The VLLDBGACK bit is cleared by the debugger (or can be left set as is) or clears
automatically due to the reset generated as part of the next VLLS recovery.
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Chapter 16
Power Management Controller (PMC)
16.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The power management controller (PMC) contains the internal voltage regulator, power
on reset (POR), and low voltage detect system (LVD).
See AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs for further details on using the
PMC.
16.2 Features
A list of included PMC features can be found here.
• Internal voltage regulator
• Active POR providing brown-out detect
• Low-voltage detect supporting two low-voltage trip points with four warning levels
per trip point
16.3 Low-voltage detect (LVD) system
This device includes a system to guard against low-voltage conditions. This protects
memory contents and controls MCU system states during supply voltage variations.
The system is comprised of a power-on reset (POR) circuit and a LVD circuit with a
user-selectable trip voltage: high (VLVDH) or low (VLVDL). The trip voltage is selected by
LVDSC1[LVDV]. The LVD is disabled upon entering VLPx, LLS, and VLLSx modes.
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Two flags are available to indicate the status of the low-voltage detect system:
• The Low Voltage Detect Flag in the Low Voltage Status and Control 1 Register
(LVDSC1[LVDF]) operates in a level sensitive manner. LVDSC1[LVDF] is set
when the supply voltage falls below the selected trip point (VLVD).
LVDSC1[LVDF] is cleared by writing 1 to LVDSC1[LVDACK], but only if the
internal supply has returned above the trip point; otherwise, LVDSC1[LVDF]
remains set.
• The Low Voltage Warning Flag (LVWF) in the Low Voltage Status and Control 2
Register (LVDSC2[LVWF]) operates in a level sensitive manner. LVDSC2[LVWF]
is set when the supply voltage falls below the selected monitor trip point (VLVW).
LVDSC2[LVWF] is cleared by writing one to LVDSC2[LVWACK], but only if the
internal supply has returned above the trip point; otherwise, LVDSC2[LVWF]
remains set.
16.3.1 LVD reset operation
By setting LVDSC1[LVDRE], the LVD generates a reset upon detection of a low-voltage
condition. The low-voltage detection threshold is determined by LVDSC1[LVDV]. After
an LVD reset occurs, the LVD system holds the MCU in reset until the supply voltage
rises above this threshold. The LVD field in the SRS register of the RCM module
(RCM_SRS[LVD]) is set following an LVD or power-on reset.
16.3.2 LVD interrupt operation
By configuring the LVD circuit for interrupt operation (LVDSC1[LVDIE] set and
LVDSC1[LVDRE] clear), LVDSC1[LVDF] is set and an LVD interrupt request occurs
upon detection of a low voltage condition. LVDSC1[LVDF] is cleared by writing 1 to
LVDSC1[LVDACK].
16.3.3 Low-voltage warning (LVW) interrupt operation
The LVD system contains a Low-Voltage Warning Flag (LVWF) in the Low Voltage
Detect Status and Control 2 Register to indicate that the supply voltage is approaching,
but is above, the LVD voltage. The LVW also has an interrupt, which is enabled by
setting LVDSC2[LVWIE]. If enabled, an LVW interrupt request occurs when
LVDSC2[LVWF] is set. LVDSC2[LVWF] is cleared by writing 1 to
LVDSC2[LVWACK].
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LVDSC2[LVWV] selects one of the four trip voltages:
• Highest: VLVW4
• Two mid-levels: VLVW3 and VLVW2
• Lowest: VLVW1
16.4 I/O retention
When in LLS mode, the I/O pins are held in their input or output state.
Upon wakeup, the PMC is re-enabled, goes through a power up sequence to full
regulation, and releases the logic from state retention mode. The I/O are released
immediately after a wake-up or reset event. In the case of LLS exit via a RESET pin, the
I/O default to their reset state.
When in VLLS modes, the I/O states are held on a wake-up event (with the exception of
wake-up by reset event) until the wake-up has been acknowledged via a write to
REGSC[ACKISO]. In the case of VLLS exit via a RESET pin, the I/O are released and
default to their reset state. In this case, no write to REGSC[ACKISO] is needed.
16.5 Memory map and register descriptions
Details about the PMC registers can be found here.
NOTE
Different portions of PMC registers are reset only by particular
reset types. Each register's description provides details. For
more information about the types of reset on this chip, refer to
the Reset section details.
The PMC registers can be written only in supervisor mode.
Write accesses in user mode are blocked and will result in a bus
error.
PMC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_D000 Low Voltage Detect Status And Control 1 register
(PMC_LVDSC1) 8 R/W 10h 16.5.1/354
Table continues on the next page...
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PMC memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_D001 Low Voltage Detect Status And Control 2 register
(PMC_LVDSC2) 8 R/W 00h 16.5.2/355
4007_D002 Regulator Status And Control register (PMC_REGSC) 8 R/W 04h 16.5.3/356
16.5.1 Low Voltage Detect Status And Control 1 register
(PMC_LVDSC1)
This register contains status and control bits to support the low voltage detect function.
This register should be written during the reset initialization program to set the desired
controls even if the desired settings are the same as the reset settings.
While the device is in the very low power or low leakage modes, the LVD system is
disabled regardless of LVDSC1 settings. To protect systems that must have LVD always
on, configure the Power Mode Protection (PMPROT) register of the SMC module
(SMC_PMPROT) to disallow any very low power or low leakage modes from being
enabled.
See the device's data sheet for the exact LVD trip voltages.
NOTE
The LVDV bits are reset solely on a POR Only event. The
register's other bits are reset on Chip Reset Not VLLS. For
more information about these reset types, refer to the Reset
section details.
Address: 4007_D000h base + 0h offset = 4007_D000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LVDF 0 LVDIE LVDRE 0LVDV
Write LVDACK
Reset 00010000
PMC_LVDSC1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
LVDF
Low-Voltage Detect Flag
This read-only status field indicates a low-voltage detect event.
0 Low-voltage event not detected
1 Low-voltage event detected
Table continues on the next page...
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PMC_LVDSC1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
6
LVDACK
Low-Voltage Detect Acknowledge
This write-only field is used to acknowledge low voltage detection errors. Write 1 to clear LVDF. Reads
always return 0.
5
LVDIE
Low-Voltage Detect Interrupt Enable
Enables hardware interrupt requests for LVDF.
0 Hardware interrupt disabled (use polling)
1 Request a hardware interrupt when LVDF = 1
4
LVDRE
Low-Voltage Detect Reset Enable
This write-once bit enables LVDF events to generate a hardware reset. Additional writes are ignored.
0 LVDF does not generate hardware resets
1 Force an MCU reset when LVDF = 1
3–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
LVDV Low-Voltage Detect Voltage Select
Selects the LVD trip point voltage (V LVD ).
00 Low trip point selected (V LVD = V LVDL )
01 High trip point selected (V LVD = V LVDH )
10 Reserved
11 Reserved
16.5.2 Low Voltage Detect Status And Control 2 register
(PMC_LVDSC2)
This register contains status and control bits to support the low voltage warning function.
While the device is in the very low power or low leakage modes, the LVD system is
disabled regardless of LVDSC2 settings.
See the device's data sheet for the exact LVD trip voltages.
NOTE
The LVW trip voltages depend on LVWV and LVDV.
NOTE
LVWV is reset solely on a POR Only event. The other fields of
the register are reset on Chip Reset Not VLLS. For more
information about these reset types, refer to the Reset section
details.
Chapter 16 Power Management Controller (PMC)
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Address: 4007_D000h base + 1h offset = 4007_D001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LVWF 0 LVWIE 0LVWV
Write LVWACK
Reset 00000000
PMC_LVDSC2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
LVWF
Low-Voltage Warning Flag
This read-only status field indicates a low-voltage warning event. LVWF is set when VSupply transitions
below the trip point, or after reset and VSupply is already below VLVW. LVWF may be 1 after power-on reset,
therefore, to use LVW interrupt function, before enabling LVWIE, LVWF must be cleared by writing
LVWACK first.
0 Low-voltage warning event not detected
1 Low-voltage warning event detected
6
LVWACK
Low-Voltage Warning Acknowledge
This write-only field is used to acknowledge low voltage warning errors. Write 1 to clear LVWF. Reads
always return 0.
5
LVWIE
Low-Voltage Warning Interrupt Enable
Enables hardware interrupt requests for LVWF.
0 Hardware interrupt disabled (use polling)
1 Request a hardware interrupt when LVWF = 1
4–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
LVWV Low-Voltage Warning Voltage Select
Selects the LVW trip point voltage (VLVW). The actual voltage for the warning depends on LVDSC1[LVDV].
00 Low trip point selected (VLVW = VLVW1)
01 Mid 1 trip point selected (VLVW = VLVW2)
10 Mid 2 trip point selected (VLVW = VLVW3)
11 High trip point selected (VLVW = VLVW4)
16.5.3 Regulator Status And Control register (PMC_REGSC)
The PMC contains an internal voltage regulator. The voltage regulator design uses a
bandgap reference that is also available through a buffer as input to certain internal
peripherals, such as the CMP and ADC. The internal regulator provides a status bit
(REGONS) indicating the regulator is in run regulation.
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NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset Not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the Reset section
details for more information.
Address: 4007_D000h base + 2h offset = 4007_D002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 Reserved BGEN ACKISO REGONS Reserved BGBE
Write w1c
Reset 00000100
PMC_REGSC field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
4
BGEN
Bandgap Enable In VLPx Operation
BGEN controls whether the bandgap is enabled in lower power modes of operation (VLPx, LLS, and
VLLSx). When on-chip peripherals require the bandgap voltage reference in low power modes of
operation, set BGEN to continue to enable the bandgap operation.
NOTE: When the bandgap voltage reference is not needed in low power modes, clear BGEN to avoid
excess power consumption.
0 Bandgap voltage reference is disabled in VLPx , LLS , and VLLSx modes.
1 Bandgap voltage reference is enabled in VLPx , LLS , and VLLSx modes.
3
ACKISO
Acknowledge Isolation
Reading this field indicates whether certain peripherals and the I/O pads are in a latched state as a result
of having been in a VLLS mode. Writing 1 to this field when it is set releases the I/O pads and certain
peripherals to their normal run mode state.
NOTE: After recovering from a VLLS mode, user should restore chip configuration before clearing
ACKISO. In particular, pin configuration for enabled LLWU wakeup pins should be restored to
avoid any LLWU flag from being falsely set when ACKISO is cleared.
0 Peripherals and I/O pads are in normal run state.
1 Certain peripherals and I/O pads are in an isolated and latched state.
2
REGONS
Regulator In Run Regulation Status
This read-only field provides the current status of the internal voltage regulator.
0 Regulator is in stop regulation or in transition to/from it
1 Regulator is in run regulation
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
NOTE: This reserved bit must remain cleared (set to 0).
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 16 Power Management Controller (PMC)
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PMC_REGSC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0
BGBE
Bandgap Buffer Enable
Enables the bandgap buffer.
0 Bandgap buffer not enabled
1 Bandgap buffer enabled
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Chapter 17
Low-Leakage Wakeup Unit (LLWU)
17.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The LLWU module allows the user to select up to 16 external pins and up to 8 internal
modules as interrupt wake-up sources from low-leakage power modes.
The input sources are described in the device's chip configuration details. Each of the
available wake-up sources can be individually enabled.
The RESET pin is an additional source for triggering an exit from low-leakage power
modes, and causes the MCU to exit both LLS and VLLS through a reset flow.
The LLWU module also includes two optional digital pin filters for the external wakeup
pins.
See AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs for further details on using the
LLWU.
17.1.1 Features
The LLWU module features include:
• Support for up to 16 external input pins and up to 8 internal modules with individual
enable bits for MCU interrupt from low leakage modes
• Input sources may be external pins or from internal peripherals capable of running in
LLS or VLLS. See the chip configuration information for wakeup input sources for
this device.
• External pin wake-up inputs, each of which is programmable as falling-edge, rising-
edge, or any change
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• Wake-up inputs that are activated after MCU enters a low-leakage power mode
• Optional digital filters provided to qualify an external pin detect. Note that when the
LPO clock is disabled, the filters are disabled and bypassed.
17.1.2 Modes of operation
The LLWU module becomes functional on entry into a low-leakage power mode. After
recovery from LLS, the LLWU is immediately disabled. After recovery from VLLS, the
LLWU continues to detect wake-up events until the user has acknowledged the wake-up
via a write to PMC_REGSC[ACKISO].
17.1.2.1 LLS mode
Wake-up events due to external pin inputs (LLWU_Px) and internal module interrupt
inputs (LLWU_MxIF) result in an interrupt flow when exiting LLS.
NOTE
The LLWU interrupt must not be masked by the interrupt
controller to avoid a scenario where the system does not fully
exit Stop mode on an LLS recovery.
17.1.2.2 VLLS modes
All wakeup and reset events result in VLLS exit via a reset flow.
17.1.2.3 Non-low leakage modes
The LLWU is not active in all non-low leakage modes where detection and control logic
are in a static state. The LLWU registers are accessible in non-low leakage modes and are
available for configuring and reading status when bus transactions are possible.
When the wake-up pin filters are enabled, filter operation begins immediately. If a low
leakage mode is entered within five LPO clock cycles of an active edge, the edge event
will be detected by the LLWU.
Introduction
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17.1.2.4 Debug mode
When the chip is in Debug mode and then enters LLS or a VLLSx mode, no debug logic
works in the fully-functional low-leakage mode. Upon an exit from the LLS or VLLSx
mode, the LLWU becomes inactive.
17.1.3 Block diagram
The following figure is the block diagram for the LLWU module.
Module0 interrupt flag
(LLWU_M0IF)
WUME0
LLWU_MWUF0 occurred
Internal
module
sources
LLWU
controller
External
pin sources
exit low leakge mode
interrupt flow
reset flow
LLWU_P0
LLWU_P15 Pin filter 1
wakeup
occurred
Interrupt module
flag detect
WUPE15
2
Edge
detect
enter low leakge mode
WUPE0
Edge
detect
Module7 interrupt flag
(LLWU_M7IF)
WUME7
LLWU_MWUF7 occurred
Interrupt module
flag detect
LPO
Pin filter 2
LPO FILT1[FILTE]
Pin filter 1
Synchronizer
Synchronizer Edge
detect
LLWU_P15
wakeup occurred
Edge
detect
Pin filter 2
wakeup
occurred
2
LLWU_P0
wakeup occurred
FILT2[FILTSEL]
FILT1[FILTSEL]
FILT2[FILTE]
Figure 17-1. LLWU block diagram
Chapter 17 Low-Leakage Wakeup Unit (LLWU)
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17.2 LLWU signal descriptions
The signal properties of LLWU are shown in the table found here.
The external wakeup input pins can be enabled to detect either rising-edge, falling-edge,
or on any change.
Table 17-1. LLWU signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O
LLWU_Pn Wakeup inputs (n = 0-15 ) I
17.3 Memory map/register definition
The LLWU includes the following registers:
• Wake-up source enable registers
• Enable external pin input sources
• Enable internal peripheral interrupt sources
• Wake-up flag registers
• Indication of wakeup source that caused exit from a low-leakage power mode
includes external pin or internal module interrupt
• Wake-up pin filter enable registers
NOTE
The LLWU registers can be written only in supervisor mode.
Write accesses in user mode are blocked and will result in a bus
error.
All LLWU registers are reset by Chip Reset not VLLS and by
reset types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. Each register's
displayed reset value represents this subset of reset types.
LLWU registers are unaffected by reset types that do not trigger
Chip Reset not VLLS. For more information about the types of
reset on this chip, refer to the Introduction details.
LLWU signal descriptions
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LLWU memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_C000 LLWU Pin Enable 1 register (LLWU_PE1) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.1/363
4007_C001 LLWU Pin Enable 2 register (LLWU_PE2) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.2/364
4007_C002 LLWU Pin Enable 3 register (LLWU_PE3) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.3/365
4007_C003 LLWU Pin Enable 4 register (LLWU_PE4) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.4/366
4007_C004 LLWU Module Enable register (LLWU_ME) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.5/367
4007_C005 LLWU Flag 1 register (LLWU_F1) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.6/369
4007_C006 LLWU Flag 2 register (LLWU_F2) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.7/371
4007_C007 LLWU Flag 3 register (LLWU_F3) 8 R 00h 17.3.8/372
4007_C008 LLWU Pin Filter 1 register (LLWU_FILT1) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.9/374
4007_C009 LLWU Pin Filter 2 register (LLWU_FILT2) 8 R/W 00h 17.3.10/375
17.3.1 LLWU Pin Enable 1 register (LLWU_PE1)
LLWU_PE1 contains the field to enable and select the edge detect type for the external
wakeup input pins LLWU_P3–LLWU_P0.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 0h offset = 4007_C000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUPE3 WUPE2 WUPE1 WUPE0
Write
Reset 00000000
LLWU_PE1 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
WUPE3
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P3
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
5–4
WUPE2
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P2
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
Table continues on the next page...
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LLWU_PE1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
3–2
WUPE1
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P1
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
WUPE0 Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P0
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
17.3.2 LLWU Pin Enable 2 register (LLWU_PE2)
LLWU_PE2 contains the field to enable and select the edge detect type for the external
wakeup input pins LLWU_P7–LLWU_P4.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 1h offset = 4007_C001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUPE7 WUPE6 WUPE5 WUPE4
Write
Reset 00000000
LLWU_PE2 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
WUPE7
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P7
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
Table continues on the next page...
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LLWU_PE2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
5–4
WUPE6
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P6
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
3–2
WUPE5
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P5
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
WUPE4 Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P4
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
17.3.3 LLWU Pin Enable 3 register (LLWU_PE3)
LLWU_PE3 contains the field to enable and select the edge detect type for the external
wakeup input pins LLWU_P11–LLWU_P8.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 2h offset = 4007_C002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUPE11 WUPE10 WUPE9 WUPE8
Write
Reset 00000000
Chapter 17 Low-Leakage Wakeup Unit (LLWU)
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LLWU_PE3 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
WUPE11
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P11
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
5–4
WUPE10
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P10
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
3–2
WUPE9
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P9
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
WUPE8 Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P8
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
17.3.4 LLWU Pin Enable 4 register (LLWU_PE4)
LLWU_PE4 contains the field to enable and select the edge detect type for the external
wakeup input pins LLWU_P15–LLWU_P12.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Memory map/register definition
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Address: 4007_C000h base + 3h offset = 4007_C003h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUPE15 WUPE14 WUPE13 WUPE12
Write
Reset 00000000
LLWU_PE4 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
WUPE15
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P15
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
5–4
WUPE14
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P14
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
3–2
WUPE13
Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P13
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
WUPE12 Wakeup Pin Enable For LLWU_P12
Enables and configures the edge detection for the wakeup pin.
00 External input pin disabled as wakeup input
01 External input pin enabled with rising edge detection
10 External input pin enabled with falling edge detection
11 External input pin enabled with any change detection
17.3.5 LLWU Module Enable register (LLWU_ME)
LLWU_ME contains the bits to enable the internal module flag as a wakeup input source
for inputs MWUF7–MWUF0.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
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types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 4h offset = 4007_C004h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUME7 WUME6 WUME5 WUME4 WUME3 WUME2 WUME1 WUME0
Write
Reset 00000000
LLWU_ME field descriptions
Field Description
7
WUME7
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 7
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
6
WUME6
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 6
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
5
WUME5
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 5
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
4
WUME4
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 4
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
3
WUME3
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 3
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
2
WUME2
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 2
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
1
WUME1
Wakeup Module Enable for Module 1
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
Table continues on the next page...
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LLWU_ME field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0
WUME0
Wakeup Module Enable For Module 0
Enables an internal module as a wakeup source input.
0 Internal module flag not used as wakeup source
1 Internal module flag used as wakeup source
17.3.6 LLWU Flag 1 register (LLWU_F1)
LLWU_F1 contains the wakeup flags indicating which wakeup source caused the MCU
to exit LLS or VLLS mode. For LLS, this is the source causing the CPU interrupt flow.
For VLLS, this is the source causing the MCU reset flow.
The external wakeup flags are read-only and clearing a flag is accomplished by a write of
a 1 to the corresponding WUFx bit. The wakeup flag (WUFx), if set, will remain set if
the associated WUPEx bit is cleared.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 5h offset = 4007_C005h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUF7 WUF6 WUF5 WUF4 WUF3 WUF2 WUF1 WUF0
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
LLWU_F1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
WUF7
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P7
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF7.
0 LLWU_P7 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P7 input was a wakeup source
6
WUF6
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P6
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF6.
Table continues on the next page...
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LLWU_F1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 LLWU_P6 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P6 input was a wakeup source
5
WUF5
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P5
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF5.
0 LLWU_P5 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P5 input was a wakeup source
4
WUF4
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P4
Indicates that an enabled external wake-up pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF4.
0 LLWU_P4 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P4 input was a wakeup source
3
WUF3
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P3
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF3.
0 LLWU_P3 input was not a wake-up source
1 LLWU_P3 input was a wake-up source
2
WUF2
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P2
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF2.
0 LLWU_P2 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P2 input was a wakeup source
1
WUF1
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P1
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF1.
0 LLWU_P1 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P1 input was a wakeup source
0
WUF0
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P0
Indicates that an enabled external wake-up pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF0.
0 LLWU_P0 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P0 input was a wakeup source
Memory map/register definition
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17.3.7 LLWU Flag 2 register (LLWU_F2)
LLWU_F2 contains the wakeup flags indicating which wakeup source caused the MCU
to exit LLS or VLLS mode. For LLS, this is the source causing the CPU interrupt flow.
For VLLS, this is the source causing the MCU reset flow.
The external wakeup flags are read-only and clearing a flag is accomplished by a write of
a 1 to the corresponding WUFx bit. The wakeup flag (WUFx), if set, will remain set if
the associated WUPEx bit is cleared.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 6h offset = 4007_C006h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WUF15 WUF14 WUF13 WUF12 WUF11 WUF10 WUF9 WUF8
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
LLWU_F2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
WUF15
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P15
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF15.
0 LLWU_P15 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P15 input was a wakeup source
6
WUF14
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P14
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF14.
0 LLWU_P14 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P14 input was a wakeup source
5
WUF13
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P13
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF13.
0 LLWU_P13 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P13 input was a wakeup source
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LLWU_F2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
4
WUF12
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P12
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF12.
0 LLWU_P12 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P12 input was a wakeup source
3
WUF11
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P11
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF11.
0 LLWU_P11 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P11 input was a wakeup source
2
WUF10
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P10
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF10.
0 LLWU_P10 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P10 input was a wakeup source
1
WUF9
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P9
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF9.
0 LLWU_P9 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P9 input was a wakeup source
0
WUF8
Wakeup Flag For LLWU_P8
Indicates that an enabled external wakeup pin was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To
clear the flag, write a 1 to WUF8.
0 LLWU_P8 input was not a wakeup source
1 LLWU_P8 input was a wakeup source
17.3.8 LLWU Flag 3 register (LLWU_F3)
LLWU_F3 contains the wakeup flags indicating which internal wakeup source caused the
MCU to exit LLS or VLLS mode. For LLS, this is the source causing the CPU interrupt
flow. For VLLS, this is the source causing the MCU reset flow.
For internal peripherals that are capable of running in a low-leakage power mode, such as
a real time clock module or CMP module, the flag from the associated peripheral is
accessible as the MWUFx bit. The flag will need to be cleared in the peripheral instead of
writing a 1 to the MWUFx bit.
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NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 7h offset = 4007_C007h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read MWUF7 MWUF6 MWUF5 MWUF4 MWUF3 MWUF2 MWUF1 MWUF0
Write
Reset 00000000
LLWU_F3 field descriptions
Field Description
7
MWUF7
Wakeup flag For module 7
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 7 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 7 input was a wakeup source
6
MWUF6
Wakeup flag For module 6
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 6 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 6 input was a wakeup source
5
MWUF5
Wakeup flag For module 5
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 5 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 5 input was a wakeup source
4
MWUF4
Wakeup flag For module 4
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 4 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 4 input was a wakeup source
3
MWUF3
Wakeup flag For module 3
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 3 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 3 input was a wakeup source
2
MWUF2
Wakeup flag For module 2
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LLWU_F3 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 2 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 2 input was a wakeup source
1
MWUF1
Wakeup flag For module 1
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 1 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 1 input was a wakeup source
0
MWUF0
Wakeup flag For module 0
Indicates that an enabled internal peripheral was a source of exiting a low-leakage power mode. To clear
the flag, follow the internal peripheral flag clearing mechanism.
0 Module 0 input was not a wakeup source
1 Module 0 input was a wakeup source
17.3.9 LLWU Pin Filter 1 register (LLWU_FILT1)
LLWU_FILT1 is a control and status register that is used to enable/disable the digital
filter 1 features for an external pin.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 8h offset = 4007_C008h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read FILTF FILTE 0FILTSEL
Write w1c
Reset 00000000
LLWU_FILT1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
FILTF
Filter Detect Flag
Indicates that the filtered external wakeup pin, selected by FILTSEL, was a source of exiting a low-leakage
power mode. To clear the flag write a one to FILTF.
Table continues on the next page...
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LLWU_FILT1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Pin Filter 1 was not a wakeup source
1 Pin Filter 1 was a wakeup source
6–5
FILTE
Digital Filter On External Pin
Controls the digital filter options for the external pin detect.
00 Filter disabled
01 Filter posedge detect enabled
10 Filter negedge detect enabled
11 Filter any edge detect enabled
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
FILTSEL Filter Pin Select
Selects 1 out of the 16 wakeup pins to be muxed into the filter.
0000 Select LLWU_P0 for filter
... ...
1111 Select LLWU_P15 for filter
17.3.10 LLWU Pin Filter 2 register (LLWU_FILT2)
LLWU_FILT2 is a control and status register that is used to enable/disable the digital
filter 2 features for an external pin.
NOTE
This register is reset on Chip Reset not VLLS and by reset
types that trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. It is unaffected by reset
types that do not trigger Chip Reset not VLLS. See the
Introduction details for more information.
Address: 4007_C000h base + 9h offset = 4007_C009h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read FILTF FILTE 0FILTSEL
Write w1c
Reset 00000000
LLWU_FILT2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
FILTF
Filter Detect Flag
Indicates that the filtered external wakeup pin, selected by FILTSEL, was a source of exiting a low-leakage
power mode. To clear the flag write a one to FILTF.
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LLWU_FILT2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Pin Filter 2 was not a wakeup source
1 Pin Filter 2 was a wakeup source
6–5
FILTE
Digital Filter On External Pin
Controls the digital filter options for the external pin detect.
00 Filter disabled
01 Filter posedge detect enabled
10 Filter negedge detect enabled
11 Filter any edge detect enabled
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
FILTSEL Filter Pin Select
Selects 1 out of the 16 wakeup pins to be muxed into the filter.
0000 Select LLWU_P0 for filter
... ...
1111 Select LLWU_P15 for filter
17.4 Functional description
Thie low-leakage wakeup unit (LLWU) module allows internal peripherals and external
input pins as a source of wakeup from low-leakage modes.
It is operational only in LLS and VLLSx modes.
The LLWU module contains pin enables for each external pin and internal module. For
each external pin, the user can disable or select the edge type for the wakeup with the
following options:
• Falling-edge
• Rising-edge
• Either-edge
When an external pin is enabled as a wakeup source, the pin must be configured as an
input pin.
The LLWU implements optional 3-cycle glitch filters, based on the LPO clock. A
detected external pin is required to remain asserted until the enabled glitch filter times
out. Additional latency of up to 2 cycles is due to synchronization, which results in a total
of up to 5 cycles of delay before the detect circuit alerts the system to the wakeup or reset
event when the filter function is enabled. Two wakeup detect filters are available for
selected external pins. Glitch filtering is not provided on the internal modules.
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For internal module interrupts, the WUMEx bit enables the associated module interrupt
as a wakeup source.
17.4.1 LLS mode
Wakeup events triggered from either an external pin input or an internal module interrupt,
result in a CPU interrupt flow to begin user code execution.
17.4.2 VLLS modes
For any wakeup from VLLS, recovery is always via a reset flow and
RCM_SRS[WAKEUP] is set indicating the low-leakage mode was active. State retention
data is lost and I/O will be restored after PMC_REGSC[ACKISO] has been written.
A VLLS exit event due to RESET pin assertion causes an exit via a system reset. State
retention data is lost and the I/O states immediately return to their reset state. The
RCM_SRS[WAKEUP] and RCM_SRS[PIN] bits are set and the system executes a reset
flow before CPU operation begins with a reset vector fetch.
17.4.3 Initialization
For an enabled peripheral wakeup input, the peripheral flag must be cleared by software
before entering LLS or VLLSx mode to avoid an immediate exit from the mode.
Flags associated with external input pins, filtered and unfiltered, must also be cleared by
software prior to entry to LLS or VLLSx mode.
After enabling an external pin filter or changing the source pin, wait at least five LPO
clock cycles before entering LLS or VLLSx mode to allow the filter to initialize.
NOTE
After recovering from a VLLS mode, user must restore chip
configuration before clearing PMC_REGSC[ACKISO]. In
particular, pin configuration for enabled LLWU wake-up pins
must be restored to avoid any LLWU flag from being falsely set
when PMC_REGSC[ACKISO] is cleared.
The signal selected as a wake-up source pin must be a digital
pin, as selected in the pin mux control.
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Functional description
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Chapter 18
Miscellaneous Control Module (MCM)
18.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The Miscellaneous Control Module (MCM) provides a myriad of miscellaneous control
functions.
18.1.1 Features
The MCM includes the following features:
• Program-visible information on the platform configuration and revision
18.2 Memory map/register descriptions
The memory map and register descriptions below describe the registers using byte
addresses.
MCM memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
E008_0008 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Slave Configuration
(MCM_PLASC) 16 R 000Fh 18.2.1/380
E008_000A Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Master Configuration
(MCM_PLAMC) 16 R 0017h 18.2.2/380
E008_000C Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Control Register (MCM_PLACR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 18.2.3/381
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MCM memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
E008_0010 Interrupt Status and Control Register (MCM_ISCR) 32 R 0002_0000h 18.2.4/381
E008_0040 Compute Operation Control Register (MCM_CPO) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 18.2.5/384
18.2.1 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Slave Configuration (MCM_PLASC)
PLASC is a 16-bit read-only register identifying the presence/absence of bus slave
connections to the device’s crossbar switch.
Address: E008_0000h base + 8h offset = E008_0008h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 ASC
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
MCM_PLASC field descriptions
Field Description
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
ASC Each bit in the ASC field indicates whether there is a corresponding connection to the crossbar switch's
slave input port.
0 A bus slave connection to AXBS input port n is absent
1 A bus slave connection to AXBS input port n is present
18.2.2 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Master Configuration (MCM_PLAMC)
PLAMC is a 16-bit read-only register identifying the presence/absence of bus master
connections to the device's crossbar switch.
Address: E008_0000h base + Ah offset = E008_000Ah
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 AMC
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
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MCM_PLAMC field descriptions
Field Description
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
AMC Each bit in the AMC field indicates whether there is a corresponding connection to the AXBS master input
port.
0 A bus master connection to AXBS input port n is absent
1 A bus master connection to AXBS input port n is present
18.2.3 Crossbar Switch (AXBS) Control Register (MCM_PLACR)
The PLACR register selects the arbitration policy for the crossbar masters.
Address: E008_0000h base + Ch offset = E008_000Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0ARB Reserved
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MCM_PLACR field descriptions
Field Description
31–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
9
ARB
Arbitration select
0 Fixed-priority arbitration for the crossbar masters
1 Round-robin arbitration for the crossbar masters
Reserved This field is reserved.
18.2.4 Interrupt Status and Control Register (MCM_ISCR)
The MCM_ISCR register includes the enable and status bits associated with the core’s
floating-point exceptions. The individual event indicators are first qualified with their
exception enables and then logically summed to form an interrupt request sent to the
core’s NVIC.
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Bits 15-8 are read-only indicator flags based on the processor’s FPSCR register.
Attempted writes to these bits are ignored. Once set, the flags remain asserted until
software clears the corresponding FPSCR bit.
Address: E008_0000h base + 10h offset = E008_0010h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
FIDCE
0
FIXCE
FUFCE
FOFCE
FDZCE
FIOCE
Reserved
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
FIDC
0
FIXC
FUFC
FOFC
FDZC
FIOC
0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MCM_ISCR field descriptions
Field Description
31
FIDCE
FPU input denormal interrupt enable
0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
30–29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28
FIXCE
FPU inexact interrupt enable
0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
27
FUFCE
FPU underflow interrupt enable
0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
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MCM_ISCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
26
FOFCE
FPU overflow interrupt enable
0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
25
FDZCE
FPU divide-by-zero interrupt enable
0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
24
FIOCE
FPU invalid operation interrupt enable
0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
23–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
15
FIDC
FPU input denormal interrupt status
This read-only bit is a copy of the core’s FPSCR[IDC] bit and signals input denormalized number has been
detected in the processor’s FPU. Once set, this bit remains set until software clears the FPSCR[IDC] bit.
0 No interrupt
1 Interrupt occurred
14–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
FIXC
FPU inexact interrupt status
This read-only bit is a copy of the core’s FPSCR[IXC] bit and signals an inexact number has been
detected in the processor’s FPU. Once set, this bit remains set until software clears the FPSCR[IXC] bit.
0 No interrupt
1 Interrupt occurred
11
FUFC
FPU underflow interrupt status
This read-only bit is a copy of the core’s FPSCR[UFC] bit and signals an underflow has been detected in
the processor’s FPU. Once set, this bit remains set until software clears the FPSCR[UFC] bit.
0 No interrupt
1 Interrupt occurred
10
FOFC
FPU overflow interrupt status
This read-only bit is a copy of the core’s FPSCR[OFC] bit and signals an overflow has been detected in
the processor’s FPU. Once set, this bit remains set until software clears the FPSCR[OFC] bit.
0 No interrupt
1 Interrupt occurred
9
FDZC
FPU divide-by-zero interrupt status
This read-only bit is a copy of the core’s FPSCR[DZC] bit and signals a divide by zero has been detected
in the processor’s FPU. Once set, this bit remains set until software clears the FPSCR[DZC] bit.
0 No interrupt
1 Interrupt occurred
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MCM_ISCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
8
FIOC
FPU invalid operation interrupt status
This read-only bit is a copy of the core’s FPSCR[IOC] bit and signals an illegal operation has been
detected in the processor’s FPU. Once set, this bit remains set until software clears the FPSCR[IOC] bit.
0 No interrupt
1 Interrupt occurred
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18.2.5 Compute Operation Control Register (MCM_CPO)
This register controls the Compute Operation.
Address: E008_0000h base + 40h offset = E008_0040h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CPOWOI
CPOACK
CPOREQ
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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MCM_CPO field descriptions
Field Description
31–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
CPOWOI
Compute Operation wakeup on interrupt
0 No effect.
1 When set, the CPOREQ is cleared on any interrupt or exception vector fetch.
1
CPOACK
Compute Operation acknowledge
0 Compute operation entry has not completed or compute operation exit has completed.
1 Compute operation entry has completed or compute operation exit has not completed.
0
CPOREQ
Compute Operation request
This bit is auto-cleared by vector fetching if CPOWOI = 1.
0 Request is cleared.
1 Request Compute Operation.
18.3 Functional description
This section describes the functional description of MCM module.
18.3.1 Interrupts
The MCM's interrupt is generated if any of the following is true:
• FPU input denormal interrupt is enabled (FIDCE) and an input is denormalized
(FIDC)
• FPU inexact interrupt is enabled (FIXCE) and a number is inexact (FIXC)
• FPU underflow interrupt is enabled (FUFCE) and an underflow occurs (FUFC)
• FPU overflow interrupt is enabled (FOFCE) and an overflow occurs (FOFC)
• FPU divide-by-zero interrupt is enabled (FDZCE) and a divide-by-zero occurs
(FDZC)
• FPU invalid operation interrupt is enabled (FDZCE) and an invalid occurs (FDZC)
18.3.1.1 Determining source of the interrupt
To determine the exact source of the interrupt qualify the interrupt status flags with the
corresponding interrupt enable bits.
1. From MCM_ISCR[31:16] && MCM_ISCR[15:0]
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2. Search the result for asserted flags, which indicate the exact interrupt sources
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Chapter 19
Crossbar Switch Lite (AXBS-Lite)
19.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The information found here provides information on the layout, configuration, and
programming of the crossbar switch.
The crossbar switch connects bus masters and bus slaves using a crossbar switch
structure. This structure allows up to four bus masters to access different bus slaves
simultaneously, while providing arbitration among the bus masters when they access the
same slave.
19.1.1 Features
The crossbar switch includes these features:
• Symmetric crossbar bus switch implementation
• Allows concurrent accesses from different masters to different slaves
• Up to single-clock 32-bit transfer
• Programmable configuration for fixed-priority or round-robin slave port arbitration
(see the chip-specific information).
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19.2 Memory Map / Register Definition
This crossbar switch is designed for minimal gate count. It, therefore, has no memory-
mapped configuration registers.
Please see the chip-specific information for information on whether the arbitration
method in the crossbar switch is programmable, and by which module.
19.3 Functional Description
19.3.1 General operation
When a master accesses the crossbar switch, the access is immediately taken. If the
targeted slave port of the access is available, then the access is immediately presented on
the slave port. Single-clock or zero-wait-state accesses are possible through the crossbar.
If the targeted slave port of the access is busy or parked on a different master port, the
requesting master simply sees wait states inserted until the targeted slave port can service
the master's request. The latency in servicing the request depends on each master's
priority level and the responding slave's access time.
Because the crossbar switch appears to be just another slave to the master device, the
master device has no knowledge of whether it actually owns the slave port it is targeting.
While the master does not have control of the slave port it is targeting, it simply waits.
After the master has control of the slave port it is targeting, the master remains in control
of the slave port until it relinquishes the slave port by running an IDLE cycle or by
targeting a different slave port for its next access.
The master can also lose control of the slave port if another higher-priority master makes
a request to the slave port.
The crossbar terminates all master IDLE transfers, as opposed to allowing the termination
to come from one of the slave buses. Additionally, when no master is requesting access to
a slave port, the crossbar drives IDLE transfers onto the slave bus, even though a default
master may be granted access to the slave port.
When a slave bus is being idled by the crossbar, it remains parked with the last master to
use the slave port. This is done to save the initial clock of arbitration delay that otherwise
would be seen if the same master had to arbitrate to gain control of the slave port.
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19.3.2 Arbitration
The crossbar switch supports two arbitration algorithms:
• Fixed priority
• Round-robin
The selection of the global slave port arbitration is controlled in the MCM module. For
fixed priority, set MCM_PLACR[ARB] to 0. For round robin, set MCM_PLACR[ARB]
to 1. This arbitration setting applies to all slave ports.
19.3.2.1 Fixed-priority operation
When operating in fixed-priority mode, each master is assigned a unique priority level
with the highest numbered master having the highest priority (for example, in a system
with 5 masters, master 1 has lower priority than master 3). If two masters request access
to the same slave port, the master with the highest priority gains control over the slave
port.
NOTE
In this arbitration mode, a higher-priority master can
monopolize a slave port, preventing accesses from any lower-
priority master to the port.
When a master makes a request to a slave port, the slave port checks whether the new
requesting master's priority level is higher than that of the master that currently has
control over the slave port, unless the slave port is in a parked state. The slave port
performs an arbitration check at every clock edge to ensure that the proper master, if any,
has control of the slave port.
The following table describes possible scenarios based on the requesting master port:
Table 19-1. How the Crossbar Switch grants control of a slave port to a master
When Then the Crossbar Switch grants control to the
requesting master
Both of the following are true:
• The current master is not running a transfer.
• The new requesting master's priority level is higher than
that of the current master.
At the next clock edge
Both of the following are true: At the next arbitration point for the undefined length burst
transfer
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 19-1. How the Crossbar Switch grants control of a slave port to a master (continued)
When Then the Crossbar Switch grants control to the
requesting master
• The current master is running an undefined length burst
transfer.
• The requesting master's priority level is higher than that
of the current master.
The requesting master's priority level is lower than the current
master.
At the conclusion of one of the following cycles:
• An IDLE cycle
• A non-IDLE cycle to a location other than the current
slave port
19.3.2.2 Round-robin priority operation
When operating in round-robin mode, each master is assigned a relative priority based on
the master port number. This relative priority is compared to the master port number (ID)
of the last master to perform a transfer on the slave bus. The highest priority requesting
master becomes owner of the slave bus at the next transfer boundary. Priority is based on
how far ahead the ID of the requesting master is to the ID of the last master.
After granted access to a slave port, a master may perform as many transfers as desired to
that port until another master makes a request to the same slave port. The next master in
line is granted access to the slave port at the next transfer boundary, or possibly on the
next clock cycle if the current master has no pending access request.
As an example of arbitration in round-robin mode, assume the crossbar is implemented
with master ports 0, 1, 4, and 5. If the last master of the slave port was master 1, and
master 0, 4, and 5 make simultaneous requests, they are serviced in the order: 4 then 5
then 0.
The round-robin arbitration mode generally provides a more fair allocation of the
available slave-port bandwidth (compared to fixed priority) as the fixed master priority
does not affect the master selection.
19.4 Initialization/application information
No initialization is required for the crossbar switch. See the chip-specific crossbar switch
information for the reset state of the arbitration scheme.
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Chapter 20
Peripheral Bridge (AIPS-Lite)
20.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The peripheral bridge converts the crossbar switch interface to an interface that can
access most of the slave peripherals on this chip.
The peripheral bridge occupies 64 MB of the address space, which is divided into
peripheral slots of 4 KB. (It might be possible that all the peripheral slots are not used.
See the memory map chapter for details on slot assignments.) The bridge includes
separate clock enable inputs for each of the slots to accommodate slower peripherals.
20.1.1 Features
Key features of the peripheral bridge are:
• Supports peripheral slots with 8-, 16-, and 32-bit datapath width
20.1.2 General operation
The slave devices connected to the peripheral bridge are modules which contain a
programming model of control and status registers. The system masters read and write
these registers through the peripheral bridge.
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The register maps of the peripherals are located on 4-KB boundaries. Each peripheral is
allocated one or more 4-KB block(s) of the memory map. Two global external module
enables are available for the remaining address space to allow for customization and
expansion of addressed peripheral devices.
20.2 Memory map/register definition
The AIPS module(s) on this device do(es) not contain any user-programmable registers.
20.3 Functional description
The peripheral bridge functions as a bus protocol translator between the crossbar switch
and the slave peripheral bus.
The peripheral bridge manages all transactions destined for the attached slave devices and
generates select signals for modules on the peripheral bus by decoding accesses within
the attached address space.
20.3.1 Access support
Aligned and misaligned 32-bit, 16-bit, and byte accesses are supported for 32-bit
peripherals. Misaligned accesses are supported to allow memory to be placed on the slave
peripheral bus. Peripheral registers must not be misaligned, although no explicit checking
is performed by the peripheral bridge. All accesses are performed with a single transfer.
All accesses to the peripheral slots must be sized less than or equal to the designated
peripheral slot size. If an access is attempted that is larger than the targeted port, an error
response is generated.
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Chapter 21
Direct Memory Access Multiplexer (DMAMUX)
21.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
21.1.1 Overview
The Direct Memory Access Multiplexer (DMAMUX) routes DMA sources, called slots,
to any of the four DMA channels. This process is illustrated in the following figure.
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DMA channel #0
Source #1
Source #2
Source #3
Always #1
DMA channel #n
Always #y
Source #x
Trigger #1
Trigger #z
DMA channel #1
DMAMUX
Figure 21-1. DMAMUX block diagram
21.1.2 Features
The DMAMUX module provides these features:
• Up to 3459 peripheral slots and up to four always-on slots can be routed to four
channels.
• four independently selectable DMA channel routers.
• The first four channels additionally provide a trigger functionality.
• Each channel router can be assigned to one of the possible peripheral DMA slots or
to one of the always-on slots.
21.1.3 Modes of operation
The following operating modes are available:
• Disabled mode
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In this mode, the DMA channel is disabled. Because disabling and enabling of DMA
channels is done primarily via the DMA configuration registers, this mode is used
mainly as the reset state for a DMA channel in the DMA channel MUX. It may also
be used to temporarily suspend a DMA channel while reconfiguration of the system
takes place, for example, changing the period of a DMA trigger.
• Normal mode
In this mode, a DMA source is routed directly to the specified DMA channel. The
operation of the DMAMUX in this mode is completely transparent to the system.
• Periodic Trigger mode
In this mode, a DMA source may only request a DMA transfer, such as when a
transmit buffer becomes empty or a receive buffer becomes full, periodically.
Configuration of the period is done in the registers of the periodic interrupt timer
(PIT). This mode is available only for channels 0–3.
21.2 External signal description
The DMAMUX has no external pins.
21.3 Memory map/register definition
This section provides a detailed description of all memory-mapped registers in the
DMAMUX.
DMAMUX memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_1000 Channel Configuration register (DMAMUX_CHCFG0) 8 R/W 00h 21.3.1/395
4002_1001 Channel Configuration register (DMAMUX_CHCFG1) 8 R/W 00h 21.3.1/395
4002_1002 Channel Configuration register (DMAMUX_CHCFG2) 8 R/W 00h 21.3.1/395
4002_1003 Channel Configuration register (DMAMUX_CHCFG3) 8 R/W 00h 21.3.1/395
21.3.1 Channel Configuration register (DMAMUX_CHCFGn)
Each of the DMA channels can be independently enabled/disabled and associated with
one of the DMA slots (peripheral slots or always-on slots) in the system.
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NOTE
Setting multiple CHCFG registers with the same source value
will result in unpredictable behavior. This is true, even if a
channel is disabled (ENBL==0).
Before changing the trigger or source settings, a DMA channel
must be disabled via CHCFGn[ENBL].
Address: 4002_1000h base + 0h offset + (1d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ENBL TRIG SOURCE
Write
Reset 00000000
DMAMUX_CHCFGn field descriptions
Field Description
7
ENBL
DMA Channel Enable
Enables the DMA channel.
0 DMA channel is disabled. This mode is primarily used during configuration of the DMAMux. The DMA
has separate channel enables/disables, which should be used to disable or reconfigure a DMA
channel.
1 DMA channel is enabled
6
TRIG
DMA Channel Trigger Enable
Enables the periodic trigger capability for the triggered DMA channel.
0 Triggering is disabled. If triggering is disabled and ENBL is set, the DMA Channel will simply route the
specified source to the DMA channel. (Normal mode)
1 Triggering is enabled. If triggering is enabled and ENBL is set, the DMAMUX is in Periodic Trigger
mode.
SOURCE DMA Channel Source (Slot)
Specifies which DMA source, if any, is routed to a particular DMA channel. See the chip-specific
DMAMUX information for details about the peripherals and their slot numbers.
21.4 Functional description
The primary purpose of the DMAMUX is to provide flexibility in the system's use of the
available DMA channels.
As such, configuration of the DMAMUX is intended to be a static procedure done during
execution of the system boot code. However, if the procedure outlined in Enabling and
configuring sources is followed, the configuration of the DMAMUX may be changed
during the normal operation of the system.
Functionally, the DMAMUX channels may be divided into two classes:
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• Channels that implement the normal routing functionality plus periodic triggering
capability
• Channels that implement only the normal routing functionality
21.4.1 DMA channels with periodic triggering capability
Besides the normal routing functionality, the first 4 channels of the DMAMUX provide a
special periodic triggering capability that can be used to provide an automatic mechanism
to transmit bytes, frames, or packets at fixed intervals without the need for processor
intervention.
The trigger is generated by the periodic interrupt timer (PIT); as such, the configuration
of the periodic triggering interval is done via configuration registers in the PIT. See the
section on periodic interrupt timer for more information on this topic.
Note
Because of the dynamic nature of the system (due to DMA
channel priorities, bus arbitration, interrupt service routine
lengths, etc.), the number of clock cycles between a trigger and
the actual DMA transfer cannot be guaranteed.
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DMA channel #0
Source #1
Source #2
Source #3
Always #1
DMA channel #m-1
Always #y
Trigger #m
Source #x
Trigger #1
Figure 21-2. DMAMUX triggered channels
The DMA channel triggering capability allows the system to schedule regular DMA
transfers, usually on the transmit side of certain peripherals, without the intervention of
the processor. This trigger works by gating the request from the peripheral to the DMA
until a trigger event has been seen. This is illustrated in the following figure.
DMA request
Peripheral request
Trigger
Figure 21-3. DMAMUX channel triggering: normal operation
After the DMA request has been serviced, the peripheral will negate its request,
effectively resetting the gating mechanism until the peripheral reasserts its request and
the next trigger event is seen. This means that if a trigger is seen, but the peripheral is not
requesting a transfer, then that trigger will be ignored. This situation is illustrated in the
following figure.
Functional description
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DMA request
Peripheral request
Trigger
Figure 21-4. DMAMUX channel triggering: ignored trigger
This triggering capability may be used with any peripheral that supports DMA transfers,
and is most useful for two types of situations:
• Periodically polling external devices on a particular bus
As an example, the transmit side of an SPI is assigned to a DMA channel with a
trigger, as described above. After it has been set up, the SPI will request DMA
transfers, presumably from memory, as long as its transmit buffer is empty. By using
a trigger on this channel, the SPI transfers can be automatically performed every 5 μs
(as an example). On the receive side of the SPI, the SPI and DMA can be configured
to transfer receive data into memory, effectively implementing a method to
periodically read data from external devices and transfer the results into memory
without processor intervention.
• Using the GPIO ports to drive or sample waveforms
By configuring the DMA to transfer data to one or more GPIO ports, it is possible to
create complex waveforms using tabular data stored in on-chip memory. Conversely,
using the DMA to periodically transfer data from one or more GPIO ports, it is
possible to sample complex waveforms and store the results in tabular form in on-
chip memory.
A more detailed description of the capability of each trigger, including resolution, range
of values, and so on, may be found in the periodic interrupt timer section.
21.4.2 DMA channels with no triggering capability
The other channels of the DMAMUX provide the normal routing functionality as
described in Modes of operation.
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21.4.3 Always-enabled DMA sources
In addition to the peripherals that can be used as DMA sources, there are four additional
DMA sources that are always enabled. Unlike the peripheral DMA sources, where the
peripheral controls the flow of data during DMA transfers, the sources that are always
enabled provide no such "throttling" of the data transfers. These sources are most useful
in the following cases:
• Performing DMA transfers to/from GPIO—Moving data from/to one or more GPIO
pins, either unthrottled (that is, as fast as possible), or periodically (using the DMA
triggering capability).
• Performing DMA transfers from memory to memory—Moving data from memory to
memory, typically as fast as possible, sometimes with software activation.
• Performing DMA transfers from memory to the external bus, or vice-versa—Similar
to memory to memory transfers, this is typically done as quickly as possible.
• Any DMA transfer that requires software activation—Any DMA transfer that should
be explicitly started by software.
In cases where software should initiate the start of a DMA transfer, an always-enabled
DMA source can be used to provide maximum flexibility. When activating a DMA
channel via software, subsequent executions of the minor loop require that a new start
event be sent. This can either be a new software activation, or a transfer request from the
DMA channel MUX. The options for doing this are:
• Transfer all data in a single minor loop.
By configuring the DMA to transfer all of the data in a single minor loop (that is,
major loop counter = 1), no reactivation of the channel is necessary. The
disadvantage to this option is the reduced granularity in determining the load that the
DMA transfer will impose on the system. For this option, the DMA channel must be
disabled in the DMA channel MUX.
• Use explicit software reactivation.
In this option, the DMA is configured to transfer the data using both minor and major
loops, but the processor is required to reactivate the channel by writing to the DMA
registers after every minor loop. For this option, the DMA channel must be disabled
in the DMA channel MUX.
• Use an always-enabled DMA source.
Functional description
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In this option, the DMA is configured to transfer the data using both minor and major
loops, and the DMA channel MUX does the channel reactivation. For this option, the
DMA channel should be enabled and pointing to an "always enabled" source. Note
that the reactivation of the channel can be continuous (DMA triggering is disabled)
or can use the DMA triggering capability. In this manner, it is possible to execute
periodic transfers of packets of data from one source to another, without processor
intervention.
21.5 Initialization/application information
This section provides instructions for initializing the DMA channel MUX.
21.5.1 Reset
The reset state of each individual bit is shown in Memory map/register definition. In
summary, after reset, all channels are disabled and must be explicitly enabled before use.
21.5.2 Enabling and configuring sources
To enable a source with periodic triggering:
1. Determine with which DMA channel the source will be associated. Note that only the
first 4 DMA channels have periodic triggering capability.
2. Clear the CHCFG[ENBL] and CHCFG[TRIG] fields of the DMA channel.
3. Ensure that the DMA channel is properly configured in the DMA. The DMA channel
may be enabled at this point.
4. Configure the corresponding timer.
5. Select the source to be routed to the DMA channel. Write to the corresponding
CHCFG register, ensuring that the CHCFG[ENBL] and CHCFG[TRIG] fields are
set.
NOTE
The following is an example. See the chip configuration details
for the number of this device's DMA channels that have
triggering capability.
To configure source #5 transmit for use with DMA channel 1, with periodic triggering
capability:
1. Write 0x00 to CHCFG1.
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2. Configure channel 1 in the DMA, including enabling the channel.
3. Configure a timer for the desired trigger interval.
4. Write 0xC5 to CHCFG1.
The following code example illustrates steps 1 and 4 above:
void DMAMUX_Init(uint8_t DMA_CH, uint8_t DMAMUX_SOURCE)
{
DMAMUX_0.CHCFG[DMA_CH].B.SOURCE = DMAMUX_SOURCE;
DMAMUX_0.CHCFG[DMA_CH].B.ENBL = 1;
DMAMUX_0.CHCFG[DMA_CH].B.TRIG = 1;
}
To enable a source, without periodic triggering:
1. Determine with which DMA channel the source will be associated. Note that only the
first 4 DMA channels have periodic triggering capability.
2. Clear the CHCFG[ENBL] and CHCFG[TRIG] fields of the DMA channel.
3. Ensure that the DMA channel is properly configured in the DMA. The DMA channel
may be enabled at this point.
4. Select the source to be routed to the DMA channel. Write to the corresponding
CHCFG register, ensuring that CHCFG[ENBL] is set while CHCFG[TRIG] is
cleared.
NOTE
The following is an example. See the chip configuration details
for the number of this device's DMA channels that have
triggering capability.
To configure source #5 transmit for use with DMA channel 1, with no periodic triggering
capability:
1. Write 0x00 to CHCFG1.
2. Configure channel 1 in the DMA, including enabling the channel.
3. Write 0x85 to CHCFG1.
The following code example illustrates steps 1 and 3 above:
In File registers.h:
#define DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR 0x40021000/* Example only ! */
/* Following example assumes char is 8-bits */
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG0 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0003);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG1 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0002);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG2 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0001);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG3 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0000);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG4 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0007);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG5 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0006);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG6 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0005);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG7 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0004);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG8 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000B);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG9 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000A);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG10= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0009);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG11= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0008);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG12= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000F);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG13= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000E);
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volatile unsigned char *CHCFG14= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000D);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG15= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000C);
In File main.c:
#include "registers.h"
:
:
*CHCFG1 = 0x00;
*CHCFG1 = 0x85;
To disable a source:
A particular DMA source may be disabled by not writing the corresponding source value
into any of the CHCFG registers. Additionally, some module-specific configuration may
be necessary. See the appropriate section for more details.
To switch the source of a DMA channel:
1. Disable the DMA channel in the DMA and reconfigure the channel for the new
source.
2. Clear the CHCFG[ENBL] and CHCFG[TRIG] bits of the DMA channel.
3. Select the source to be routed to the DMA channel. Write to the corresponding
CHCFG register, ensuring that the CHCFG[ENBL] and CHCFG[TRIG] fields are
set.
To switch DMA channel 8 from source #5 transmit to source #7 transmit:
1. In the DMA configuration registers, disable DMA channel 8 and reconfigure it to
handle the transfers to peripheral slot 7. This example assumes channel 8 doesn't
have triggering capability.
2. Write 0x00 to CHCFG8.
3. Write 0x87 to CHCFG8. (In this example, setting CHCFG[TRIG] would have no
effect due to the assumption that channel 8 does not support the periodic triggering
functionality.)
The following code example illustrates steps 2 and 3 above:
In File registers.h:
#define DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR 0x40021000/* Example only ! */
/* Following example assumes char is 8-bits */
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG0 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0003);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG1 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0002);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG2 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0001);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG3 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0000);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG4 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0007);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG5 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0006);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG6 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0005);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG7 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0004);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG8 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000B);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG9 = (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000A);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG10= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0009);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG11= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x0008);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG12= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000F);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG13= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000E);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG14= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000D);
volatile unsigned char *CHCFG15= (volatile unsigned char *) (DMAMUX_BASE_ADDR+0x000C);
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In File main.c:
#include "registers.h"
:
:
*CHCFG8 = 0x00;
*CHCFG8 = 0x87;
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Chapter 22
Enhanced Direct Memory Access (eDMA)
22.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The enhanced direct memory access (eDMA) controller is a second-generation module
capable of performing complex data transfers with minimal intervention from a host
processor. The hardware microarchitecture includes:
• A DMA engine that performs:
• Source address and destination address calculations
• Data-movement operations
• Local memory containing transfer control descriptors for each of the 4 channels
22.1.1 eDMA system block diagram
Figure 22-1 illustrates the components of the eDMA system, including the eDMA
module ("engine").
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1
Transfer Control
Descriptor (TCD)
eDMA engine
Data Path
eDMA system
0
Program Model/
64
Control
n-1
To/From Crossbar Switch
2
Channel Arbitration
Address Path
Read Data
Write Data
Address
Read Data
Write Data
Write Address
Internal Peripheral Bus
eDMA Peripheral
Request eDMA Done
Figure 22-1. eDMA system block diagram
22.1.2 Block parts
The eDMA module is partitioned into two major modules: the eDMA engine and the
transfer-control descriptor local memory.
The eDMA engine is further partitioned into four submodules:
Table 22-1. eDMA engine submodules
Submodule Function
Address path This block implements registered versions of two channel transfer control descriptors, channel x
and channel y, and manages all master bus-address calculations. All the channels provide the
same functionality. This structure allows data transfers associated with one channel to be
preempted after the completion of a read/write sequence if a higher priority channel activation is
asserted while the first channel is active. After a channel is activated, it runs until the minor loop is
completed, unless preempted by a higher priority channel. This provides a mechanism (enabled
by DCHPRIn[ECP]) where a large data move operation can be preempted to minimize the time
another channel is blocked from execution.
When any channel is selected to execute, the contents of its TCD are read from local memory and
loaded into the address path channel x registers for a normal start and into channel y registers for
a preemption start. After the minor loop completes execution, the address path hardware writes
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 22-1. eDMA engine submodules (continued)
Submodule Function
the new values for the TCDn_{SADDR, DADDR, CITER} back to local memory. If the major
iteration count is exhausted, additional processing is performed, including the final address pointer
updates, reloading the TCDn_CITER field, and a possible fetch of the next TCDn from memory as
part of a scatter/gather operation.
Data path This block implements the bus master read/write datapath. It includes a data buffer and the
necessary multiplex logic to support any required data alignment. The internal read data bus is the
primary input, and the internal write data bus is the primary output.
The address and data path modules directly support the 2-stage pipelined internal bus. The
address path module represents the 1st stage of the bus pipeline (address phase), while the data
path module implements the 2nd stage of the pipeline (data phase).
Program model/channel
arbitration
This block implements the first section of the eDMA programming model as well as the channel
arbitration logic. The programming model registers are connected to the internal peripheral bus.
The eDMA peripheral request inputs and interrupt request outputs are also connected to this block
(via control logic).
Control This block provides all the control functions for the eDMA engine. For data transfers where the
source and destination sizes are equal, the eDMA engine performs a series of source read/
destination write operations until the number of bytes specified in the minor loop byte count has
moved. For descriptors where the sizes are not equal, multiple accesses of the smaller size data
are required for each reference of the larger size. As an example, if the source size references 16-
bit data and the destination is 32-bit data, two reads are performed, then one 32-bit write.
The transfer-control descriptor local memory is further partitioned into:
Table 22-2. Transfer control descriptor memory
Submodule Description
Memory controller This logic implements the required dual-ported controller, managing accesses from the eDMA
engine as well as references from the internal peripheral bus. As noted earlier, in the event of
simultaneous accesses, the eDMA engine is given priority and the peripheral transaction is
stalled.
Memory array TCD storage for each channel's transfer profile.
22.1.3 Features
The eDMA is a highly programmable data-transfer engine optimized to minimize any
required intervention from the host processor. It is intended for use in applications where
the data size to be transferred is statically known and not defined within the transferred
data itself. The eDMA module features:
• All data movement via dual-address transfers: read from source, write to destination
• Programmable source and destination addresses and transfer size
• Support for enhanced addressing modes
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• 4-channel implementation that performs complex data transfers with minimal
intervention from a host processor
• Connections to the crossbar switch for bus mastering the data movement
• Transfer control descriptor (TCD) organized to support two-deep, nested transfer
operations
• 32-byte TCD stored in local memory for each channel
• An inner data transfer loop defined by a minor byte transfer count
• An outer data transfer loop defined by a major iteration count
• Channel activation via one of three methods:
• Explicit software initiation
• Initiation via a channel-to-channel linking mechanism for continuous transfers
• Peripheral-paced hardware requests, one per channel
• Fixed-priority and round-robin channel arbitration
• Channel completion reported via programmable interrupt requests
• One interrupt per channel, which can be asserted at completion of major iteration
count
• Programmable error terminations per channel and logically summed together to
form one error interrupt to the interrupt controller
• Programmable support for scatter/gather DMA processing
• Support for complex data structures
In the discussion of this module, n is used to reference the channel number.
22.2 Modes of operation
The eDMA operates in the following modes:
Table 22-3. Modes of operation
Mode Description
Normal In Normal mode, the eDMA transfers data between a source and a destination. The source and
destination can be a memory block or an I/O block capable of operation with the eDMA.
Table continues on the next page...
Modes of operation
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408 NXP Semiconductors
Table 22-3. Modes of operation (continued)
Mode Description
A service request initiates a transfer of a specific number of bytes (NBYTES) as specified in the
transfer control descriptor (TCD). The minor loop is the sequence of read-write operations that
transfers these NBYTES per service request. Each service request executes one iteration of the
major loop, which transfers NBYTES of data.
Debug DMA operation is configurable in Debug mode via the control register:
• If CR[EDBG] is cleared, the DMA continues to operate.
• If CR[EDBG] is set, the eDMA stops transferring data. If Debug mode is entered while a
channel is active, the eDMA continues operation until the channel retires.
Wait Before entering Wait mode, the DMA attempts to complete its current transfer. After the transfer
completes, the device enters Wait mode.
22.3 Memory map/register definition
The eDMA's programming model is partitioned into two regions:
• The first region defines a number of registers providing control functions
• The second region corresponds to the local transfer control descriptor (TCD)
memory
22.3.1 TCD memory
Each channel requires a 32-byte transfer control descriptor for defining the desired data
movement operation. The channel descriptors are stored in the local memory in
sequential order: channel 0, channel 1, ... channel 3. Each TCDn definition is presented as
11 registers of 16 or 32 bits.
22.3.2 TCD initialization
Prior to activating a channel, you must initialize its TCD with the appropriate transfer
profile.
Chapter 22 Enhanced Direct Memory Access (eDMA)
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NXP Semiconductors 409
22.3.3 TCD structure
SADDR
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8765 4 3210
SOFFSMOD SSIZE DMOD DSIZE
SMLOE
DMLOE
MLOFF or NBYTES NBYTES
SLAST
DADDR
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8765 4 3210
CITER.E_LINK
CITER or
CITER.LINKCH CITER DOFF
DLAST_SGA
BITER.E_LINK
BITER or
BITER.LINKCH BITER
START
INT_MAJ
INT_HALF
D_REQ
E_SG
MAJOR.E_LINK
ACTIVE
DONE
BWC
MAJOR.LINKCH
NBYTES
0000h
0004h
0008h
DMA_CR[EMLM] enabled
000Ch
0010h
0014h
0018h
001Ch
Reserved
DMA_CR[EMLM] disabled
{
{
{
22.3.4 Reserved memory and bit fields
• Reading reserved bits in a register returns the value of zero.
• Writes to reserved bits in a register are ignored.
• Reading or writing a reserved memory location generates a bus error.
DMA memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4000_8000 Control Register (DMA_CR) 32 R/W See section 22.3.5/414
4000_8004 Error Status Register (DMA_ES) 32 R 0000_0000h 22.3.6/417
4000_800C Enable Request Register (DMA_ERQ) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 22.3.7/419
4000_8014 Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_EEI) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 22.3.8/420
4000_8018 Clear Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_CEEI) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.9/421
4000_8019 Set Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_SEEI) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.10/422
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410 NXP Semiconductors
DMA memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4000_801A Clear Enable Request Register (DMA_CERQ) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.11/423
4000_801B Set Enable Request Register (DMA_SERQ) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.12/424
4000_801C Clear DONE Status Bit Register (DMA_CDNE) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.13/425
4000_801D Set START Bit Register (DMA_SSRT) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.14/426
4000_801E Clear Error Register (DMA_CERR) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.15/427
4000_801F Clear Interrupt Request Register (DMA_CINT) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 22.3.16/428
4000_8024 Interrupt Request Register (DMA_INT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 22.3.17/429
4000_802C Error Register (DMA_ERR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 22.3.18/430
4000_8034 Hardware Request Status Register (DMA_HRS) 32 R 0000_0000h 22.3.19/431
4000_8044 Enable Asynchronous Request in Stop Register
(DMA_EARS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 22.3.20/433
4000_8100 Channel n Priority Register (DMA_DCHPRI3) 8 R/W See section 22.3.21/434
4000_8101 Channel n Priority Register (DMA_DCHPRI2) 8 R/W See section 22.3.21/434
4000_8102 Channel n Priority Register (DMA_DCHPRI1) 8 R/W See section 22.3.21/434
4000_8103 Channel n Priority Register (DMA_DCHPRI0) 8 R/W See section 22.3.21/434
4000_9000 TCD Source Address (DMA_TCD0_SADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.22/435
4000_9004 TCD Signed Source Address Offset (DMA_TCD0_SOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.23/435
4000_9006 TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCD0_ATTR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.24/436
4000_9008 TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled)
(DMA_TCD0_NBYTES_MLNO) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.25/437
4000_9008
TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping
Enabled and Offset Disabled)
(DMA_TCD0_NBYTES_MLOFFNO)
32 R/W Undefined 22.3.26/437
4000_9008 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping and
Offset Enabled) (DMA_TCD0_NBYTES_MLOFFYES) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.27/439
4000_900C TCD Last Source Address Adjustment
(DMA_TCD0_SLAST) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.28/440
4000_9010 TCD Destination Address (DMA_TCD0_DADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.29/440
4000_9014 TCD Signed Destination Address Offset
(DMA_TCD0_DOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.30/441
4000_9016 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Enabled) (DMA_TCD0_CITER_ELINKYES) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.31/441
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NXP Semiconductors 411
DMA memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4000_9016 DMA_TCD0_CITER_ELINKNO 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.32/443
4000_9018 TCD Last Destination Address Adjustment/Scatter Gather
Address (DMA_TCD0_DLASTSGA) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.33/444
4000_901C TCD Control and Status (DMA_TCD0_CSR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.34/444
4000_901E
TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Enabled)
(DMA_TCD0_BITER_ELINKYES)
16 R/W Undefined 22.3.35/447
4000_901E TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Disabled) (DMA_TCD0_BITER_ELINKNO) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.36/448
4000_9020 TCD Source Address (DMA_TCD1_SADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.22/435
4000_9024 TCD Signed Source Address Offset (DMA_TCD1_SOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.23/435
4000_9026 TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCD1_ATTR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.24/436
4000_9028 TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled)
(DMA_TCD1_NBYTES_MLNO) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.25/437
4000_9028
TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping
Enabled and Offset Disabled)
(DMA_TCD1_NBYTES_MLOFFNO)
32 R/W Undefined 22.3.26/437
4000_9028 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping and
Offset Enabled) (DMA_TCD1_NBYTES_MLOFFYES) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.27/439
4000_902C TCD Last Source Address Adjustment
(DMA_TCD1_SLAST) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.28/440
4000_9030 TCD Destination Address (DMA_TCD1_DADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.29/440
4000_9034 TCD Signed Destination Address Offset
(DMA_TCD1_DOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.30/441
4000_9036 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Enabled) (DMA_TCD1_CITER_ELINKYES) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.31/441
4000_9036 DMA_TCD1_CITER_ELINKNO 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.32/443
4000_9038 TCD Last Destination Address Adjustment/Scatter Gather
Address (DMA_TCD1_DLASTSGA) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.33/444
4000_903C TCD Control and Status (DMA_TCD1_CSR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.34/444
4000_903E
TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Enabled)
(DMA_TCD1_BITER_ELINKYES)
16 R/W Undefined 22.3.35/447
4000_903E TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Disabled) (DMA_TCD1_BITER_ELINKNO) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.36/448
4000_9040 TCD Source Address (DMA_TCD2_SADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.22/435
4000_9044 TCD Signed Source Address Offset (DMA_TCD2_SOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.23/435
4000_9046 TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCD2_ATTR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.24/436
4000_9048 TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled)
(DMA_TCD2_NBYTES_MLNO) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.25/437
4000_9048
TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping
Enabled and Offset Disabled)
(DMA_TCD2_NBYTES_MLOFFNO)
32 R/W Undefined 22.3.26/437
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412 NXP Semiconductors
DMA memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4000_9048 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping and
Offset Enabled) (DMA_TCD2_NBYTES_MLOFFYES) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.27/439
4000_904C TCD Last Source Address Adjustment
(DMA_TCD2_SLAST) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.28/440
4000_9050 TCD Destination Address (DMA_TCD2_DADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.29/440
4000_9054 TCD Signed Destination Address Offset
(DMA_TCD2_DOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.30/441
4000_9056 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Enabled) (DMA_TCD2_CITER_ELINKYES) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.31/441
4000_9056 DMA_TCD2_CITER_ELINKNO 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.32/443
4000_9058 TCD Last Destination Address Adjustment/Scatter Gather
Address (DMA_TCD2_DLASTSGA) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.33/444
4000_905C TCD Control and Status (DMA_TCD2_CSR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.34/444
4000_905E
TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Enabled)
(DMA_TCD2_BITER_ELINKYES)
16 R/W Undefined 22.3.35/447
4000_905E TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Disabled) (DMA_TCD2_BITER_ELINKNO) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.36/448
4000_9060 TCD Source Address (DMA_TCD3_SADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.22/435
4000_9064 TCD Signed Source Address Offset (DMA_TCD3_SOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.23/435
4000_9066 TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCD3_ATTR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.24/436
4000_9068 TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled)
(DMA_TCD3_NBYTES_MLNO) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.25/437
4000_9068
TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping
Enabled and Offset Disabled)
(DMA_TCD3_NBYTES_MLOFFNO)
32 R/W Undefined 22.3.26/437
4000_9068 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping and
Offset Enabled) (DMA_TCD3_NBYTES_MLOFFYES) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.27/439
4000_906C TCD Last Source Address Adjustment
(DMA_TCD3_SLAST) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.28/440
4000_9070 TCD Destination Address (DMA_TCD3_DADDR) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.29/440
4000_9074 TCD Signed Destination Address Offset
(DMA_TCD3_DOFF) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.30/441
4000_9076 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Enabled) (DMA_TCD3_CITER_ELINKYES) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.31/441
4000_9076 DMA_TCD3_CITER_ELINKNO 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.32/443
4000_9078 TCD Last Destination Address Adjustment/Scatter Gather
Address (DMA_TCD3_DLASTSGA) 32 R/W Undefined 22.3.33/444
4000_907C TCD Control and Status (DMA_TCD3_CSR) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.34/444
4000_907E
TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Enabled)
(DMA_TCD3_BITER_ELINKYES)
16 R/W Undefined 22.3.35/447
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Chapter 22 Enhanced Direct Memory Access (eDMA)
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NXP Semiconductors 413
DMA memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4000_907E TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count
(Channel Linking Disabled) (DMA_TCD3_BITER_ELINKNO) 16 R/W Undefined 22.3.36/448
22.3.5 Control Register (DMA_CR)
The CR defines the basic operating configuration of the DMA.
Arbitration can be configured to use either a fixed-priority or a round-robin scheme. For
fixed-priority arbitration, the highest priority channel requesting service is selected to
execute. The channel priority registers assign the priorities; see the DCHPRIn registers.
For round-robin arbitration, the channel priorities are ignored and channels are cycled
through (from high to low channel number) without regard to priority.
NOTE
For correct operation, writes to the CR register must be
performed only when the DMA channels are inactive; that is,
when TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] bits are cleared.
Minor loop offsets are address offset values added to the final source address
(TCDn_SADDR) or destination address (TCDn_DADDR) upon minor loop completion.
When minor loop offsets are enabled, the minor loop offset (MLOFF) is added to the
final source address (TCDn_SADDR), to the final destination address (TCDn_DADDR),
or to both prior to the addresses being written back into the TCD. If the major loop is
complete, the minor loop offset is ignored and the major loop address offsets
(TCDn_SLAST and TCDn_DLAST_SGA) are used to compute the next TCDn_SADDR
and TCDn_DADDR values.
When minor loop mapping is enabled (EMLM is 1), TCDn word2 is redefined. A portion
of TCDn word2 is used to specify multiple fields: a source enable bit (SMLOE) to
specify the minor loop offset should be applied to the source address (TCDn_SADDR)
upon minor loop completion, a destination enable bit (DMLOE) to specify the minor loop
offset should be applied to the destination address (TCDn_DADDR) upon minor loop
completion, and the sign extended minor loop offset value (MLOFF). The same offset
value (MLOFF) is used for both source and destination minor loop offsets. When either
minor loop offset is enabled (SMLOE set or DMLOE set), the NBYTES field is reduced
to 10 bits. When both minor loop offsets are disabled (SMLOE cleared and DMLOE
cleared), the NBYTES field is a 30-bit vector.
When minor loop mapping is disabled (EMLM is 0), all 32 bits of TCDn word2 are
assigned to the NBYTES field.
Memory map/register definition
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414 NXP Semiconductors
Address: 4000_8000h base + 0h offset = 4000_8000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
ACTIVE
Reserved 0
CX ECX
W
Reset 0 x* x* x* x* x* x* x* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
EMLM
CLM
HALT
HOE
Reserved
ERCA
EDBG
Reserved
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_CR field descriptions
Field Description
31
ACTIVE
DMA Active Status
0 eDMA is idle.
1 eDMA is executing a channel.
30–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Reserved
23–18
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
17
CX
Cancel Transfer
0 Normal operation
1 Cancel the remaining data transfer. Stop the executing channel and force the minor loop to finish. The
cancel takes effect after the last write of the current read/write sequence. The CX bit clears itself after
the cancel has been honored. This cancel retires the channel normally as if the minor loop was
completed.
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NXP Semiconductors 415
DMA_CR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
16
ECX
Error Cancel Transfer
0 Normal operation
1 Cancel the remaining data transfer in the same fashion as the CX bit. Stop the executing channel and
force the minor loop to finish. The cancel takes effect after the last write of the current read/write
sequence. The ECX bit clears itself after the cancel is honored. In addition to cancelling the transfer,
ECX treats the cancel as an error condition, thus updating the Error Status register (DMAx_ES) and
generating an optional error interrupt.
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
EMLM
Enable Minor Loop Mapping
0 Disabled. TCDn.word2 is defined as a 32-bit NBYTES field.
1 Enabled. TCDn.word2 is redefined to include individual enable fields, an offset field, and the NBYTES
field. The individual enable fields allow the minor loop offset to be applied to the source address, the
destination address, or both. The NBYTES field is reduced when either offset is enabled.
6
CLM
Continuous Link Mode
NOTE: Do not use continuous link mode with a channel linking to itself if there is only one minor loop
iteration per service request, e.g., if the channel’s NBYTES value is the same as either the source
or destination size. The same data transfer profile can be achieved by simply increasing the
NBYTES value, which provides more efficient, faster processing.
0 A minor loop channel link made to itself goes through channel arbitration before being activated again.
1 A minor loop channel link made to itself does not go through channel arbitration before being activated
again. Upon minor loop completion, the channel activates again if that channel has a minor loop
channel link enabled and the link channel is itself. This effectively applies the minor loop offsets and
restarts the next minor loop.
5
HALT
Halt DMA Operations
0 Normal operation
1 Stall the start of any new channels. Executing channels are allowed to complete. Channel execution
resumes when this bit is cleared.
4
HOE
Halt On Error
0 Normal operation
1 Any error causes the HALT bit to set. Subsequently, all service requests are ignored until the HALT bit
is cleared.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Reserved
2
ERCA
Enable Round Robin Channel Arbitration
0 Fixed priority arbitration is used for channel selection .
1 Round robin arbitration is used for channel selection .
1
EDBG
Enable Debug
0 When in debug mode, the DMA continues to operate.
1 When in debug mode, the DMA stalls the start of a new channel. Executing channels are allowed to
complete. Channel execution resumes when the system exits debug mode or the EDBG bit is cleared.
Table continues on the next page...
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416 NXP Semiconductors
DMA_CR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Reserved
22.3.6 Error Status Register (DMA_ES)
The ES provides information concerning the last recorded channel error. Channel errors
can be caused by:
• A configuration error, that is:
• An illegal setting in the transfer-control descriptor, or
• An illegal priority register setting in fixed-arbitration
• An error termination to a bus master read or write cycle
• A cancel transfer with error bit that will be set when a transfer is canceled via the
corresponding cancel transfer control bit
See Fault reporting and handling for more details.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 4h offset = 4000_8004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RVLD 0 ECX
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 CPE 0 ERRCHN SAE SOE DAE DOE NCE SGE SBE DBE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DMA_ES field descriptions
Field Description
31
VLD
Logical OR of all ERR status bits
0 No ERR bits are set.
1 At least one ERR bit is set indicating a valid error exists that has not been cleared.
30–17
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
16
ECX
Transfer Canceled
0 No canceled transfers
1 The last recorded entry was a canceled transfer by the error cancel transfer input
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NXP Semiconductors 417
DMA_ES field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
15
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
14
CPE
Channel Priority Error
0 No channel priority error
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error in the channel priorities . Channel priorities are not
unique.
13–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
9–8
ERRCHN
Error Channel Number or Canceled Channel Number
The channel number of the last recorded error, excluding CPE errors, or last recorded error canceled
transfer.
7
SAE
Source Address Error
0 No source address configuration error.
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error detected in the TCDn_SADDR field. TCDn_SADDR
is inconsistent with TCDn_ATTR[SSIZE].
6
SOE
Source Offset Error
0 No source offset configuration error
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error detected in the TCDn_SOFF field. TCDn_SOFF is
inconsistent with TCDn_ATTR[SSIZE].
5
DAE
Destination Address Error
0 No destination address configuration error
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error detected in the TCDn_DADDR field. TCDn_DADDR
is inconsistent with TCDn_ATTR[DSIZE].
4
DOE
Destination Offset Error
0 No destination offset configuration error
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error detected in the TCDn_DOFF field. TCDn_DOFF is
inconsistent with TCDn_ATTR[DSIZE].
3
NCE
NBYTES/CITER Configuration Error
0 No NBYTES/CITER configuration error
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error detected in the TCDn_NBYTES or TCDn_CITER
fields.
• TCDn_NBYTES is not a multiple of TCDn_ATTR[SSIZE] and TCDn_ATTR[DSIZE], or
• TCDn_CITER[CITER] is equal to zero, or
• TCDn_CITER[ELINK] is not equal to TCDn_BITER[ELINK]
2
SGE
Scatter/Gather Configuration Error
0 No scatter/gather configuration error
1 The last recorded error was a configuration error detected in the TCDn_DLASTSGA field. This field is
checked at the beginning of a scatter/gather operation after major loop completion if TCDn_CSR[ESG]
is enabled. TCDn_DLASTSGA is not on a 32 byte boundary.
1
SBE
Source Bus Error
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DMA_ES field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 No source bus error
1 The last recorded error was a bus error on a source read
0
DBE
Destination Bus Error
0 No destination bus error
1 The last recorded error was a bus error on a destination write
22.3.7 Enable Request Register (DMA_ERQ)
The ERQ register provides a bit map for the 4 channels to enable the request signal for
each channel. The state of any given channel enable is directly affected by writes to this
register; it is also affected by writes to the SERQ and CERQ registers. These registers are
provided so the request enable for a single channel can easily be modified without
needing to perform a read-modify-write sequence to the ERQ.
DMA request input signals and this enable request flag must be asserted before a
channel’s hardware service request is accepted. The state of the DMA enable request flag
does not affect a channel service request made explicitly through software or a linked
channel request.
Address: 4000_8000h base + Ch offset = 4000_800Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0ERQ3 ERQ2 ERQ1 ERQ0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DMA_ERQ field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
ERQ3
Enable DMA Request 3
0 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is disabled
1 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is enabled
2
ERQ2
Enable DMA Request 2
0 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is disabled
1 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is enabled
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Chapter 22 Enhanced Direct Memory Access (eDMA)
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NXP Semiconductors 419
DMA_ERQ field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
ERQ1
Enable DMA Request 1
0 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is disabled
1 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is enabled
0
ERQ0
Enable DMA Request 0
0 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is disabled
1 The DMA request signal for the corresponding channel is enabled
22.3.8 Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_EEI)
The EEI register provides a bit map for the 4 channels to enable the error interrupt signal
for each channel. The state of any given channel’s error interrupt enable is directly
affected by writes to this register; it is also affected by writes to the SEEI and CEEI.
These registers are provided so that the error interrupt enable for a single channel can
easily be modified without the need to perform a read-modify-write sequence to the EEI
register.
The DMA error indicator and the error interrupt enable flag must be asserted before an
error interrupt request for a given channel is asserted to the interrupt controller.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 14h offset = 4000_8014h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0EEI3 EEI2 EEI1 EEI0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DMA_EEI field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
EEI3
Enable Error Interrupt 3
0 The error signal for corresponding channel does not generate an error interrupt
1 The assertion of the error signal for corresponding channel generates an error interrupt request
2
EEI2
Enable Error Interrupt 2
0 The error signal for corresponding channel does not generate an error interrupt
1 The assertion of the error signal for corresponding channel generates an error interrupt request
Table continues on the next page...
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DMA_EEI field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
EEI1
Enable Error Interrupt 1
0 The error signal for corresponding channel does not generate an error interrupt
1 The assertion of the error signal for corresponding channel generates an error interrupt request
0
EEI0
Enable Error Interrupt 0
0 The error signal for corresponding channel does not generate an error interrupt
1 The assertion of the error signal for corresponding channel generates an error interrupt request
22.3.9 Clear Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_CEEI)
The CEEI provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to clear a given bit in the EEI
to disable the error interrupt for a given channel. The data value on a register write causes
the corresponding bit in the EEI to be cleared. Setting the CAEE bit provides a global
clear function, forcing the EEI contents to be cleared, disabling all DMA request inputs.
If the NOP bit is set, the command is ignored. This allows you to write multiple-byte
registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 18h offset = 4000_8018h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP CAEE 0 CEEI
Reset 00000000
DMA_CEEI field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
CAEE
Clear All Enable Error Interrupts
0 Clear only the EEI bit specified in the CEEI field
1 Clear all bits in EEI
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
CEEI Clear Enable Error Interrupt
Clears the corresponding bit in EEI
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22.3.10 Set Enable Error Interrupt Register (DMA_SEEI)
The SEEI provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to set a given bit in the EEI to
enable the error interrupt for a given channel. The data value on a register write causes
the corresponding bit in the EEI to be set. Setting the SAEE bit provides a global set
function, forcing the entire EEI contents to be set. If the NOP bit is set, the command is
ignored. This allows you to write multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this
register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 19h offset = 4000_8019h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP SAEE 0 SEEI
Reset 00000000
DMA_SEEI field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
SAEE
Sets All Enable Error Interrupts
0 Set only the EEI bit specified in the SEEI field.
1 Sets all bits in EEI
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
SEEI Set Enable Error Interrupt
Sets the corresponding bit in EEI
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22.3.11 Clear Enable Request Register (DMA_CERQ)
The CERQ provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to clear a given bit in the
ERQ to disable the DMA request for a given channel. The data value on a register write
causes the corresponding bit in the ERQ to be cleared. Setting the CAER bit provides a
global clear function, forcing the entire contents of the ERQ to be cleared, disabling all
DMA request inputs. If NOP is set, the command is ignored. This allows you to write
multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1Ah offset = 4000_801Ah
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP CAER 0 CERQ
Reset 00000000
DMA_CERQ field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
CAER
Clear All Enable Requests
0 Clear only the ERQ bit specified in the CERQ field
1 Clear all bits in ERQ
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
CERQ Clear Enable Request
Clears the corresponding bit in ERQ.
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22.3.12 Set Enable Request Register (DMA_SERQ)
The SERQ provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to set a given bit in the ERQ
to enable the DMA request for a given channel. The data value on a register write causes
the corresponding bit in the ERQ to be set. Setting the SAER bit provides a global set
function, forcing the entire contents of ERQ to be set. If the NOP bit is set, the command
is ignored. This allows you to write multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this
register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1Bh offset = 4000_801Bh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP SAER 0 SERQ
Reset 00000000
DMA_SERQ field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
SAER
Set All Enable Requests
0 Set only the ERQ bit specified in the SERQ field
1 Set all bits in ERQ
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
SERQ Set Enable Request
Sets the corresponding bit in ERQ.
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22.3.13 Clear DONE Status Bit Register (DMA_CDNE)
The CDNE provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to clear the DONE bit in the
TCD of the given channel. The data value on a register write causes the DONE bit in the
corresponding transfer control descriptor to be cleared. Setting the CADN bit provides a
global clear function, forcing all DONE bits to be cleared. If the NOP bit is set, the
command is ignored. This allows you to write multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word.
Reads of this register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1Ch offset = 4000_801Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP CADN 0 CDNE
Reset 00000000
DMA_CDNE field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
CADN
Clears All DONE Bits
0 Clears only the TCDn_CSR[DONE] bit specified in the CDNE field
1 Clears all bits in TCDn_CSR[DONE]
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
CDNE Clear DONE Bit
Clears the corresponding bit in TCDn_CSR[DONE]
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22.3.14 Set START Bit Register (DMA_SSRT)
The SSRT provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to set the START bit in the
TCD of the given channel. The data value on a register write causes the START bit in the
corresponding transfer control descriptor to be set. Setting the SAST bit provides a global
set function, forcing all START bits to be set. If the NOP bit is set, the command is
ignored. This allows you to write multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this
register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1Dh offset = 4000_801Dh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP SAST 0 SSRT
Reset 00000000
DMA_SSRT field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
SAST
Set All START Bits (activates all channels)
0 Set only the TCDn_CSR[START] bit specified in the SSRT field
1 Set all bits in TCDn_CSR[START]
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
SSRT Set START Bit
Sets the corresponding bit in TCDn_CSR[START]
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22.3.15 Clear Error Register (DMA_CERR)
The CERR provides a simple memory-mapped mechanism to clear a given bit in the ERR
to disable the error condition flag for a given channel. The given value on a register write
causes the corresponding bit in the ERR to be cleared. Setting the CAEI bit provides a
global clear function, forcing the ERR contents to be cleared, clearing all channel error
indicators. If the NOP bit is set, the command is ignored. This allows you to write
multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1Eh offset = 4000_801Eh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP CAEI 0 CERR
Reset 00000000
DMA_CERR field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
CAEI
Clear All Error Indicators
0 Clear only the ERR bit specified in the CERR field
1 Clear all bits in ERR
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
CERR Clear Error Indicator
Clears the corresponding bit in ERR
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22.3.16 Clear Interrupt Request Register (DMA_CINT)
The CINT provides a simple, memory-mapped mechanism to clear a given bit in the INT
to disable the interrupt request for a given channel. The given value on a register write
causes the corresponding bit in the INT to be cleared. Setting the CAIR bit provides a
global clear function, forcing the entire contents of the INT to be cleared, disabling all
DMA interrupt requests. If the NOP bit is set, the command is ignored. This allows you
to write multiple-byte registers as a 32-bit word. Reads of this register return all zeroes.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1Fh offset = 4000_801Fh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0
Write NOP CAIR 0 CINT
Reset 00000000
DMA_CINT field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOP
No Op enable
0 Normal operation
1 No operation, ignore the other bits in this register
6
CAIR
Clear All Interrupt Requests
0 Clear only the INT bit specified in the CINT field
1 Clear all bits in INT
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
CINT Clear Interrupt Request
Clears the corresponding bit in INT
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22.3.17 Interrupt Request Register (DMA_INT)
The INT register provides a bit map for the 4 channels signaling the presence of an
interrupt request for each channel. Depending on the appropriate bit setting in the
transfer-control descriptors, the eDMA engine generates an interrupt on data transfer
completion. The outputs of this register are directly routed to the interrupt controller.
During the interrupt-service routine associated with any given channel, it is the
software’s responsibility to clear the appropriate bit, negating the interrupt request.
Typically, a write to the CINT register in the interrupt service routine is used for this
purpose.
The state of any given channel’s interrupt request is directly affected by writes to this
register; it is also affected by writes to the CINT register. On writes to INT, a 1 in any bit
position clears the corresponding channel’s interrupt request. A zero in any bit position
has no affect on the corresponding channel’s current interrupt status. The CINT register is
provided so the interrupt request for a single channel can easily be cleared without the
need to perform a read-modify-write sequence to the INT register.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 24h offset = 4000_8024h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0
W w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DMA_INT field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
INT3
Interrupt Request 3
0 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is cleared
1 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is active
2
INT2
Interrupt Request 2
0 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is cleared
1 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is active
1
INT1
Interrupt Request 1
Table continues on the next page...
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DMA_INT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is cleared
1 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is active
0
INT0
Interrupt Request 0
0 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is cleared
1 The interrupt request for corresponding channel is active
22.3.18 Error Register (DMA_ERR)
The ERR provides a bit map for the 4 channels, signaling the presence of an error for
each channel. The eDMA engine signals the occurrence of an error condition by setting
the appropriate bit in this register. The outputs of this register are enabled by the contents
of the EEI, and then routed to the interrupt controller. During the execution of the
interrupt-service routine associated with any DMA errors, it is software’s responsibility
to clear the appropriate bit, negating the error-interrupt request. Typically, a write to the
CERR in the interrupt-service routine is used for this purpose. The normal DMA channel
completion indicators (setting the transfer control descriptor DONE flag and the possible
assertion of an interrupt request) are not affected when an error is detected.
The contents of this register can also be polled because a non-zero value indicates the
presence of a channel error regardless of the state of the EEI. The state of any given
channel’s error indicators is affected by writes to this register; it is also affected by writes
to the CERR. On writes to the ERR, a one in any bit position clears the corresponding
channel’s error status. A zero in any bit position has no affect on the corresponding
channel’s current error status. The CERR is provided so the error indicator for a single
channel can easily be cleared.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 2Ch offset = 4000_802Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 ERR3 ERR2 ERR1 ERR0
W w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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DMA_ERR field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
ERR3
Error In Channel 3
0 An error in this channel has not occurred
1 An error in this channel has occurred
2
ERR2
Error In Channel 2
0 An error in this channel has not occurred
1 An error in this channel has occurred
1
ERR1
Error In Channel 1
0 An error in this channel has not occurred
1 An error in this channel has occurred
0
ERR0
Error In Channel 0
0 An error in this channel has not occurred
1 An error in this channel has occurred
22.3.19 Hardware Request Status Register (DMA_HRS)
The HRS register provides a bit map for the DMA channels, signaling the presence of a
hardware request for each channel. The hardware request status bits reflect the current
state of the register and qualified (via the ERQ fields) DMA request signals as seen by
the DMA’s arbitration logic. This view into the hardware request signals may be used for
debug purposes.
NOTE
These bits reflect the state of the request as seen by the
arbitration logic. Therefore, this status is affected by the ERQ
bits.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 34h offset = 4000_8034h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 HRS3 HRS2 HRS1 HRS0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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DMA_HRS field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
HRS3
Hardware Request Status Channel 3
The HRS bit for its respective channel remains asserted for the period when a Hardware Request is
Present on the Channel. After the Request is completed and Channel is free, the HRS bit is automatically
cleared by hardware.
0 A hardware service request for channel 3 is not present
1 A hardware service request for channel 3 is present
2
HRS2
Hardware Request Status Channel 2
The HRS bit for its respective channel remains asserted for the period when a Hardware Request is
Present on the Channel. After the Request is completed and Channel is free, the HRS bit is automatically
cleared by hardware.
0 A hardware service request for channel 2 is not present
1 A hardware service request for channel 2 is present
1
HRS1
Hardware Request Status Channel 1
The HRS bit for its respective channel remains asserted for the period when a Hardware Request is
Present on the Channel. After the Request is completed and Channel is free, the HRS bit is automatically
cleared by hardware.
0 A hardware service request for channel 1 is not present
1 A hardware service request for channel 1 is present
0
HRS0
Hardware Request Status Channel 0
The HRS bit for its respective channel remains asserted for the period when a Hardware Request is
Present on the Channel. After the Request is completed and Channel is free, the HRS bit is automatically
cleared by hardware.
0 A hardware service request for channel 0 is not present
1 A hardware service request for channel 0 is present
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22.3.20 Enable Asynchronous Request in Stop Register (DMA_EARS)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 44h offset = 4000_8044h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
EDREQ_3
EDREQ_2
EDREQ_1
EDREQ_0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DMA_EARS field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
EDREQ_3
Enable asynchronous DMA request in stop mode for channel 3.
0 Disable asynchronous DMA request for channel 3.
1 Enable asynchronous DMA request for channel 3.
2
EDREQ_2
Enable asynchronous DMA request in stop mode for channel 2.
0 Disable asynchronous DMA request for channel 2.
1 Enable asynchronous DMA request for channel 2.
1
EDREQ_1
Enable asynchronous DMA request in stop mode for channel 1.
0 Disable asynchronous DMA request for channel 1
1 Enable asynchronous DMA request for channel 1.
0
EDREQ_0
Enable asynchronous DMA request in stop mode for channel 0.
0 Disable asynchronous DMA request for channel 0.
1 Enable asynchronous DMA request for channel 0.
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22.3.21 Channel n Priority Register (DMA_DCHPRIn)
When fixed-priority channel arbitration is enabled (CR[ERCA] = 0), the contents of these
registers define the unique priorities associated with each channel. The channel priorities
are evaluated by numeric value; for example, 0 is the lowest priority, 1 is the next higher
priority, then 2, 3, etc. Software must program the channel priorities with unique values;
otherwise, a configuration error is reported. The range of the priority value is limited to
the values of 0 through 3.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 100h offset + (1d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ECP DPA 0CHPRI
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 * *
* Notes:
CHPRI field: See bit field description.•
DMA_DCHPRIn field descriptions
Field Description
7
ECP
Enable Channel Preemption.
0 Channel n cannot be suspended by a higher priority channel’s service request.
1 Channel n can be temporarily suspended by the service request of a higher priority channel.
6
DPA
Disable Preempt Ability.
0 Channel n can suspend a lower priority channel.
1 Channel n cannot suspend any channel, regardless of channel priority.
5–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CHPRI Channel n Arbitration Priority
Channel priority when fixed-priority arbitration is enabled
NOTE: Reset value for the channel priority field, CHPRI, is equal to the corresponding channel number
for each priority register, that is, DCHPRI3[CHPRI] = 0b11.
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22.3.22 TCD Source Address (DMA_TCDn_SADDR)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1000h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSADDR
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_SADDR field descriptions
Field Description
SADDR Source Address
Memory address pointing to the source data.
22.3.23 TCD Signed Source Address Offset (DMA_TCDn_SOFF)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1004h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SOFF
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_SOFF field descriptions
Field Description
SOFF Source address signed offset
Sign-extended offset applied to the current source address to form the next-state value as each source
read is completed.
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22.3.24 TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCDn_ATTR)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1006h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SMOD SSIZE DMOD DSIZE
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_ATTR field descriptions
Field Description
15–11
SMOD
Source Address Modulo
0 Source address modulo feature is disabled
≠0 This value defines a specific address range specified to be the value after SADDR + SOFF
calculation is performed on the original register value. Setting this field provides the ability to
implement a circular data queue easily. For data queues requiring power-of-2 size bytes, the queue
should start at a 0-modulo-size address and the SMOD field should be set to the appropriate value
for the queue, freezing the desired number of upper address bits. The value programmed into this
field specifies the number of lower address bits allowed to change. For a circular queue application,
the SOFF is typically set to the transfer size to implement post-increment addressing with the SMOD
function constraining the addresses to a 0-modulo-size range.
10–8
SSIZE
Source data transfer size
NOTE: Using a Reserved value causes a configuration error.
000 8-bit
001 16-bit
010 32-bit
011 Reserved
100 16-byte
101 32-byte
110 Reserved
111 Reserved
7–3
DMOD
Destination Address Modulo
See the SMOD definition
DSIZE Destination data transfer size
See the SSIZE definition
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22.3.25 TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled)
(DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLNO)
This register, or one of the next two registers (TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFNO,
TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFYES), defines the number of bytes to transfer per request.
Which register to use depends on whether minor loop mapping is disabled, enabled but
not used for this channel, or enabled and used.
TCD word 2 is defined as follows if:
• Minor loop mapping is disabled (CR[EMLM] = 0)
If minor loop mapping is enabled, see the TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFNO and
TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFYES register descriptions for the definition of TCD word 2.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1008h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RNBYTES
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLNO field descriptions
Field Description
NBYTES Minor Byte Transfer Count
Number of bytes to be transferred in each service request of the channel. As a channel activates, the
appropriate TCD contents load into the eDMA engine, and the appropriate reads and writes perform until
the minor byte transfer count has transferred. This is an indivisible operation and cannot be halted. It can,
however, be stalled by using the bandwidth control field, or via preemption. After the minor count is
exhausted, the SADDR and DADDR values are written back into the TCD memory, the major iteration
count is decremented and restored to the TCD memory. If the major iteration count is completed,
additional processing is performed.
NOTE: An NBYTES value of 0x0000_0000 is interpreted as a 4 GB transfer.
22.3.26 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping Enabled
and Offset Disabled) (DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFNO)
One of three registers (this register, TCD_NBYTES_MLNO, or
TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFYES), defines the number of bytes to transfer per request.
Which register to use depends on whether minor loop mapping is disabled, enabled but
not used for this channel, or enabled and used.
TCD word 2 is defined as follows if:
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• Minor loop mapping is enabled (CR[EMLM] = 1) and
• SMLOE = 0 and DMLOE = 0
If minor loop mapping is enabled and SMLOE or DMLOE is set, then refer to the
TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFYES register description. If minor loop mapping is disabled,
then refer to the TCD_NBYTES_MLNO register description.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1008h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
SMLOE
DMLOE
NBYTES
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
NBYTES
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFNO field descriptions
Field Description
31
SMLOE
Source Minor Loop Offset Enable
Selects whether the minor loop offset is applied to the source address upon minor loop completion.
0 The minor loop offset is not applied to the SADDR
1 The minor loop offset is applied to the SADDR
30
DMLOE
Destination Minor Loop Offset enable
Selects whether the minor loop offset is applied to the destination address upon minor loop completion.
0 The minor loop offset is not applied to the DADDR
1 The minor loop offset is applied to the DADDR
NBYTES Minor Byte Transfer Count
Number of bytes to be transferred in each service request of the channel.
As a channel activates, the appropriate TCD contents load into the eDMA engine, and the appropriate
reads and writes perform until the minor byte transfer count has transferred. This is an indivisible operation
and cannot be halted. It can, however, be stalled by using the bandwidth control field, or via preemption.
After the minor count is exhausted, the SADDR and DADDR values are written back into the TCD
memory, the major iteration count is decremented and restored to the TCD memory. If the major iteration
count is completed, additional processing is performed.
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22.3.27 TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Mapping and
Offset Enabled) (DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFYES)
One of three registers (this register, TCD_NBYTES_MLNO, or
TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFNO), defines the number of bytes to transfer per request. Which
register to use depends on whether minor loop mapping is disabled, enabled but not used
for this channel, or enabled and used.
TCD word 2 is defined as follows if:
• Minor loop mapping is enabled (CR[EMLM] = 1) and
• Minor loop offset is enabled (SMLOE or DMLOE = 1)
If minor loop mapping is enabled and SMLOE and DMLOE are cleared, then refer to the
TCD_NBYTES_MLOFFNO register description. If minor loop mapping is disabled, then
refer to the TCD_NBYTES_MLNO register description.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1008h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
SMLOE
DMLOE
MLOFF
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
MLOFF NBYTES
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFYES field descriptions
Field Description
31
SMLOE
Source Minor Loop Offset Enable
Selects whether the minor loop offset is applied to the source address upon minor loop completion.
0 The minor loop offset is not applied to the SADDR
1 The minor loop offset is applied to the SADDR
30
DMLOE
Destination Minor Loop Offset enable
Selects whether the minor loop offset is applied to the destination address upon minor loop completion.
Table continues on the next page...
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DMA_TCDn_NBYTES_MLOFFYES field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The minor loop offset is not applied to the DADDR
1 The minor loop offset is applied to the DADDR
29–10
MLOFF
If SMLOE or DMLOE is set, this field represents a sign-extended offset applied to the source or
destination address to form the next-state value after the minor loop completes.
NBYTES Minor Byte Transfer Count
Number of bytes to be transferred in each service request of the channel.
As a channel activates, the appropriate TCD contents load into the eDMA engine, and the appropriate
reads and writes perform until the minor byte transfer count has transferred. This is an indivisible operation
and cannot be halted. It can, however, be stalled by using the bandwidth control field, or via preemption.
After the minor count is exhausted, the SADDR and DADDR values are written back into the TCD
memory, the major iteration count is decremented and restored to the TCD memory. If the major iteration
count is completed, additional processing is performed.
22.3.28 TCD Last Source Address Adjustment (DMA_TCDn_SLAST)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 100Ch offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSLAST
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_SLAST field descriptions
Field Description
SLAST Last Source Address Adjustment
Adjustment value added to the source address at the completion of the major iteration count. This value
can be applied to restore the source address to the initial value, or adjust the address to reference the
next data structure.
This register uses two's complement notation; the overflow bit is discarded.
22.3.29 TCD Destination Address (DMA_TCDn_DADDR)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1010h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RDADDR
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
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DMA_TCDn_DADDR field descriptions
Field Description
DADDR Destination Address
Memory address pointing to the destination data.
22.3.30 TCD Signed Destination Address Offset (DMA_TCDn_DOFF)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1014h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DOFF
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_DOFF field descriptions
Field Description
DOFF Destination Address Signed Offset
Sign-extended offset applied to the current destination address to form the next-state value as each
destination write is completed.
22.3.31 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Enabled) (DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKYES)
If TCDn_CITER[ELINK] is set, the TCDn_CITER register is defined as follows.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1016h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Read ELINK LINKCH CITER
Write 0
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 76543210
Read CITER
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
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DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKYES field descriptions
Field Description
15
ELINK
Enable channel-to-channel linking on minor-loop complete
As the channel completes the minor loop, this flag enables linking to another channel, defined by the
LINKCH field. The link target channel initiates a channel service request via an internal mechanism that
sets the TCDn_CSR[START] bit of the specified channel.
If channel linking is disabled, the CITER value is extended to 15 bits in place of a link channel number. If
the major loop is exhausted, this link mechanism is suppressed in favor of the MAJORELINK channel
linking.
NOTE: This bit must be equal to the BITER[ELINK] bit; otherwise, a configuration error is reported.
0 The channel-to-channel linking is disabled
1 The channel-to-channel linking is enabled
14–11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
10–9
LINKCH
Minor Loop Link Channel Number
If channel-to-channel linking is enabled (ELINK = 1), then after the minor loop is exhausted, the eDMA
engine initiates a channel service request to the channel defined by this field by setting that channel’s
TCDn_CSR[START] bit.
CITER Current Major Iteration Count
This 9-bit (ELINK = 1) or 15-bit (ELINK = 0) count represents the current major loop count for the channel.
It is decremented each time the minor loop is completed and updated in the transfer control descriptor
memory. After the major iteration count is exhausted, the channel performs a number of operations, for
example, final source and destination address calculations, optionally generating an interrupt to signal
channel completion before reloading the CITER field from the Beginning Iteration Count (BITER) field.
NOTE: When the CITER field is initially loaded by software, it must be set to the same value as that
contained in the BITER field.
NOTE: If the channel is configured to execute a single service request, the initial values of BITER and
CITER should be 0x0001.
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22.3.32 TCD Current Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Disabled) (DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKNO)
If TCDn_CITER[ELINK] is cleared, the TCDn_CITER register is defined as follows.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1016h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Read ELINK CITER
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 76543210
Read CITER
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKNO field descriptions
Field Description
15
ELINK
Enable channel-to-channel linking on minor-loop complete
As the channel completes the minor loop, this flag enables linking to another channel, defined by the
LINKCH field. The link target channel initiates a channel service request via an internal mechanism that
sets the TCDn_CSR[START] bit of the specified channel.
If channel linking is disabled, the CITER value is extended to 15 bits in place of a link channel number. If
the major loop is exhausted, this link mechanism is suppressed in favor of the MAJORELINK channel
linking.
NOTE: This bit must be equal to the BITER[ELINK] bit; otherwise, a configuration error is reported.
0 The channel-to-channel linking is disabled
1 The channel-to-channel linking is enabled
CITER Current Major Iteration Count
This 9-bit (ELINK = 1) or 15-bit (ELINK = 0) count represents the current major loop count for the channel.
It is decremented each time the minor loop is completed and updated in the transfer control descriptor
memory. After the major iteration count is exhausted, the channel performs a number of operations, for
example, final source and destination address calculations, optionally generating an interrupt to signal
channel completion before reloading the CITER field from the Beginning Iteration Count (BITER) field.
NOTE: When the CITER field is initially loaded by software, it must be set to the same value as that
contained in the BITER field.
NOTE: If the channel is configured to execute a single service request, the initial values of BITER and
CITER should be 0x0001.
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22.3.33 TCD Last Destination Address Adjustment/Scatter Gather
Address (DMA_TCDn_DLASTSGA)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 1018h offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RDLASTSGA
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_DLASTSGA field descriptions
Field Description
DLASTSGA Destination last address adjustment or the memory address for the next transfer control descriptor to be
loaded into this channel (scatter/gather).
If (TCDn_CSR[ESG] = 0) then:
• Adjustment value added to the destination address at the completion of the major iteration count.
This value can apply to restore the destination address to the initial value or adjust the address to
reference the next data structure.
• This field uses two's complement notation for the final destination address adjustment.
Otherwise:
• This address points to the beginning of a 0-modulo-32-byte region containing the next transfer
control descriptor to be loaded into this channel. This channel reload is performed as the major
iteration count completes. The scatter/gather address must be 0-modulo-32-byte, otherwise a
configuration error is reported.
22.3.34 TCD Control and Status (DMA_TCDn_CSR)
Address: 4000_8000h base + 101Ch offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Read BWC MAJORLINKCH
Write 0
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 76543210
Read DONE ACTIVE MAJORELI
NK ESG DREQ INTHALF INTMAJOR START
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
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DMA_TCDn_CSR field descriptions
Field Description
15–14
BWC
Bandwidth Control
Throttles the amount of bus bandwidth consumed by the eDMA. Generally, as the eDMA processes the
minor loop, it continuously generates read/write sequences until the minor count is exhausted. This field
forces the eDMA to stall after the completion of each read/write access to control the bus request
bandwidth seen by the crossbar switch.
00 No eDMA engine stalls.
01 Reserved
10 eDMA engine stalls for 4 cycles after each R/W.
11 eDMA engine stalls for 8 cycles after each R/W.
13–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
9–8
MAJORLINKCH
Major Loop Link Channel Number
If (MAJORELINK = 0) then:
• No channel-to-channel linking, or chaining, is performed after the major loop counter is exhausted.
Otherwise:
• After the major loop counter is exhausted, the eDMA engine initiates a channel service request at
the channel defined by this field by setting that channel’s TCDn_CSR[START] bit.
7
DONE
Channel Done
This flag indicates the eDMA has completed the major loop. The eDMA engine sets it as the CITER count
reaches zero. The software clears it, or the hardware when the channel is activated.
NOTE: This bit must be cleared to write the MAJORELINK or ESG bits.
6
ACTIVE
Channel Active
This flag signals the channel is currently in execution. It is set when channel service begins, and is cleared
by the eDMA as the minor loop completes or when any error condition is detected.
5
MAJORELINK
Enable channel-to-channel linking on major loop complete
As the channel completes the major loop, this flag enables the linking to another channel, defined by
MAJORLINKCH. The link target channel initiates a channel service request via an internal mechanism that
sets the TCDn_CSR[START] bit of the specified channel.
NOTE: To support the dynamic linking coherency model, this field is forced to zero when written to while
the TCDn_CSR[DONE] bit is set.
0 The channel-to-channel linking is disabled.
1 The channel-to-channel linking is enabled.
4
ESG
Enable Scatter/Gather Processing
As the channel completes the major loop, this flag enables scatter/gather processing in the current
channel. If enabled, the eDMA engine uses DLASTSGA as a memory pointer to a 0-modulo-32 address
containing a 32-byte data structure loaded as the transfer control descriptor into the local memory.
NOTE: To support the dynamic scatter/gather coherency model, this field is forced to zero when written
to while the TCDn_CSR[DONE] bit is set.
0 The current channel’s TCD is normal format.
1 The current channel’s TCD specifies a scatter gather format. The DLASTSGA field provides a memory
pointer to the next TCD to be loaded into this channel after the major loop completes its execution.
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DMA_TCDn_CSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
3
DREQ
Disable Request
If this flag is set, the eDMA hardware automatically clears the corresponding ERQ bit when the current
major iteration count reaches zero.
0 The channel’s ERQ bit is not affected.
1 The channel’s ERQ bit is cleared when the major loop is complete.
2
INTHALF
Enable an interrupt when major counter is half complete.
If this flag is set, the channel generates an interrupt request by setting the appropriate bit in the INT
register when the current major iteration count reaches the halfway point. Specifically, the comparison
performed by the eDMA engine is (CITER == (BITER >> 1)). This halfway point interrupt request is
provided to support double-buffered, also known as ping-pong, schemes or other types of data movement
where the processor needs an early indication of the transfer’s progress.
NOTE: If BITER = 1, do not use INTHALF. Use INTMAJOR instead.
0 The half-point interrupt is disabled.
1 The half-point interrupt is enabled.
1
INTMAJOR
Enable an interrupt when major iteration count completes.
If this flag is set, the channel generates an interrupt request by setting the appropriate bit in the INT when
the current major iteration count reaches zero.
0 The end-of-major loop interrupt is disabled.
1 The end-of-major loop interrupt is enabled.
0
START
Channel Start
If this flag is set, the channel is requesting service. The eDMA hardware automatically clears this flag after
the channel begins execution.
0 The channel is not explicitly started.
1 The channel is explicitly started via a software initiated service request.
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22.3.35 TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Enabled) (DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKYES)
If the TCDn_BITER[ELINK] bit is set, the TCDn_BITER register is defined as follows.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 101Eh offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Read ELINK LINKCH BITER
Write 0
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 76543210
Read BITER
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKYES field descriptions
Field Description
15
ELINK
Enables channel-to-channel linking on minor loop complete
As the channel completes the minor loop, this flag enables the linking to another channel, defined by
BITER[LINKCH]. The link target channel initiates a channel service request via an internal mechanism that
sets the TCDn_CSR[START] bit of the specified channel. If channel linking disables, the BITER value
extends to 15 bits in place of a link channel number. If the major loop is exhausted, this link mechanism is
suppressed in favor of the MAJORELINK channel linking.
NOTE: When the software loads the TCD, this field must be set equal to the corresponding CITER field;
otherwise, a configuration error is reported. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the
contents of this field are reloaded into the CITER field.
0 The channel-to-channel linking is disabled
1 The channel-to-channel linking is enabled
14–11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
10–9
LINKCH
Link Channel Number
If channel-to-channel linking is enabled (ELINK = 1), then after the minor loop is exhausted, the eDMA
engine initiates a channel service request at the channel defined by this field by setting that channel’s
TCDn_CSR[START] bit.
NOTE: When the software loads the TCD, this field must be set equal to the corresponding CITER field;
otherwise, a configuration error is reported. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the
contents of this field are reloaded into the CITER field.
BITER Starting major iteration count
As the transfer control descriptor is first loaded by software, this 9-bit (ELINK = 1) or 15-bit (ELINK = 0)
field must be equal to the value in the CITER field. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the contents
of this field are reloaded into the CITER field.
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DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKYES field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
NOTE: When the software loads the TCD, this field must be set equal to the corresponding CITER field;
otherwise, a configuration error is reported. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the
contents of this field are reloaded into the CITER field. If the channel is configured to execute a
single service request, the initial values of BITER and CITER should be 0x0001.
22.3.36 TCD Beginning Minor Loop Link, Major Loop Count (Channel
Linking Disabled) (DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKNO)
If the TCDn_BITER[ELINK] bit is cleared, the TCDn_BITER register is defined as
follows.
Address: 4000_8000h base + 101Eh offset + (32d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Read ELINK BITER
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
Bit 76543210
Read BITER
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKNO field descriptions
Field Description
15
ELINK
Enables channel-to-channel linking on minor loop complete
As the channel completes the minor loop, this flag enables the linking to another channel, defined by
BITER[LINKCH]. The link target channel initiates a channel service request via an internal mechanism that
sets the TCDn_CSR[START] bit of the specified channel. If channel linking is disabled, the BITER value
extends to 15 bits in place of a link channel number. If the major loop is exhausted, this link mechanism is
suppressed in favor of the MAJORELINK channel linking.
NOTE: When the software loads the TCD, this field must be set equal to the corresponding CITER field;
otherwise, a configuration error is reported. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the
contents of this field are reloaded into the CITER field.
0 The channel-to-channel linking is disabled
1 The channel-to-channel linking is enabled
BITER Starting Major Iteration Count
As the transfer control descriptor is first loaded by software, this 9-bit (ELINK = 1) or 15-bit (ELINK = 0)
field must be equal to the value in the CITER field. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the contents
of this field are reloaded into the CITER field.
NOTE: When the software loads the TCD, this field must be set equal to the corresponding CITER field;
otherwise, a configuration error is reported. As the major iteration count is exhausted, the
Table continues on the next page...
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DMA_TCDn_BITER_ELINKNO field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
contents of this field is reloaded into the CITER field. If the channel is configured to execute a
single service request, the initial values of BITER and CITER should be 0x0001.
22.4 Functional description
The operation of the eDMA is described in the following subsections.
22.4.1 eDMA basic data flow
The basic flow of a data transfer can be partitioned into three segments.
As shown in the following diagram, the first segment involves the channel activation:
1
eDMA Engine
Data Path
eDMA
0
Program Model/
64
Control
n-1
To/From Crossbar Switch
2
Channel Arbitration
Address Path
Read Data
Write Data
Address
Read Data
Write Data
Write Address
Internal Peripheral Bus
eDMA Peripheral
Request eDMA Done
Transfer
Control
Descriptor (TCD)
Figure 22-2. eDMA operation, part 1
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This example uses the assertion of the eDMA peripheral request signal to request service
for channel n. Channel activation via software and the TCDn_CSR[START] bit follows
the same basic flow as peripheral requests. The eDMA request input signal is registered
internally and then routed through the eDMA engine: first through the control module,
then into the program model and channel arbitration. In the next cycle, the channel
arbitration performs, using the fixed-priority or round-robin algorithm. After arbitration is
complete, the activated channel number is sent through the address path and converted
into the required address to access the local memory for TCDn. Next, the TCD memory
is accessed and the required descriptor read from the local memory and loaded into the
eDMA engine address path channel x or y registers. The TCD memory is 64 bits wide to
minimize the time needed to fetch the activated channel descriptor and load it into the
address path channel x or y registers.
The following diagram illustrates the second part of the basic data flow:
1
eDMA Engine
Data Path
eDMA
0
Program Model/
64
Control
n-1
To/From Crossbar Switch
2
Channel Arbitration
Address Path
Read Data
Write Data
Address
Read Data
Write Data
Write Address
eDMA Peripheral
Request eDMA Done
Transfer
Control
Descriptor (TCD)
Internal Peripheral Bus
Figure 22-3. eDMA operation, part 2
Functional description
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The modules associated with the data transfer (address path, data path, and control)
sequence through the required source reads and destination writes to perform the actual
data movement. The source reads are initiated and the fetched data is temporarily stored
in the data path block until it is gated onto the internal bus during the destination write.
This source read/destination write processing continues until the minor byte count has
transferred.
After the minor byte count has moved, the final phase of the basic data flow is performed.
In this segment, the address path logic performs the required updates to certain fields in
the appropriate TCD, for example, SADDR, DADDR, CITER. If the major iteration
count is exhausted, additional operations are performed. These include the final address
adjustments and reloading of the BITER field into the CITER. Assertion of an optional
interrupt request also occurs at this time, as does a possible fetch of a new TCD from
memory using the scatter/gather address pointer included in the descriptor (if scatter/
gather is enabled). The updates to the TCD memory and the assertion of an interrupt
request are shown in the following diagram.
1
eDMA Engine
Data Path
eDMA
0
Program Model/
64
Control
n-1
To/From Crossbar Switch
2
Channel Arbitration
Address Path
Read Data
Write Data
Address
Read Data
Write Data
Write Address
eDMA Peripheral
Request eDMA Done
Transfer
Control
Descriptor (TCD)
Internal Peripheral Bus
Figure 22-4. eDMA operation, part 3
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22.4.2 Fault reporting and handling
Channel errors are reported in the Error Status register (DMAx_ES) and can be caused
by:
• A configuration error, which is an illegal setting in the transfer-control descriptor or
an illegal priority register setting in Fixed-Arbitration mode, or
• An error termination to a bus master read or write cycle
A configuration error is reported when the starting source or destination address, source
or destination offsets, minor loop byte count, or the transfer size represent an inconsistent
state. Each of these possible causes are detailed below:
• The addresses and offsets must be aligned on 0-modulo-transfer-size boundaries.
• The minor loop byte count must be a multiple of the source and destination transfer
sizes.
• All source reads and destination writes must be configured to the natural boundary of
the programmed transfer size respectively.
• In fixed arbitration mode, a configuration error is caused by any two channel
priorities being equal. All channel priority levels must be unique when fixed
arbitration mode is enabled.
NOTE
When two channels have the same priority, a channel
priority error exists and will be reported in the Error Status
register. However, the channel number will not be reported
in the Error Status register. When all of the channel
priorities within a group are not unique, the channel
number selected by arbitration is undetermined.
To aid in Channel Priority Error (CPE) debug, set the Halt
On Error bit in the DMA’s Control Register. If all of the
channel priorities within a group are not unique, the DMA
will be halted after the CPE error is recorded. The DMA
will remain halted and will not process any channel service
requests. Once all of the channel priorities are set to unique
numbers, the DMA may be enabled again by clearing the
Halt bit.
Functional description
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• If a scatter/gather operation is enabled upon channel completion, a configuration
error is reported if the scatter/gather address (DLAST_SGA) is not aligned on a 32-
byte boundary.
• If minor loop channel linking is enabled upon channel completion, a configuration
error is reported when the link is attempted if the TCDn_CITER[E_LINK] bit does
not equal the TCDn_BITER[E_LINK] bit.
If enabled, all configuration error conditions, except the scatter/gather and minor-loop
link errors, report as the channel activates and asserts an error interrupt request. A scatter/
gather configuration error is reported when the scatter/gather operation begins at major
loop completion when properly enabled. A minor loop channel link configuration error is
reported when the link operation is serviced at minor loop completion.
If a system bus read or write is terminated with an error, the data transfer is stopped and
the appropriate bus error flag set. In this case, the state of the channel's transfer control
descriptor is updated by the eDMA engine with the current source address, destination
address, and current iteration count at the point of the fault. When a system bus error
occurs, the channel terminates after the next transfer. Due to pipeline effect, the next
transfer is already in progress when the bus error is received by the eDMA. If a bus error
occurs on the last read prior to beginning the write sequence, the write executes using the
data captured during the bus error. If a bus error occurs on the last write prior to
switching to the next read sequence, the read sequence executes before the channel
terminates due to the destination bus error.
A transfer may be cancelled by software with the CR[CX] bit. When a cancel transfer
request is recognized, the DMA engine stops processing the channel. The current read-
write sequence is allowed to finish. If the cancel occurs on the last read-write sequence of
a major or minor loop, the cancel request is discarded and the channel retires normally.
The error cancel transfer is the same as a cancel transfer except the Error Status register
(DMAx_ES) is updated with the cancelled channel number and ECX is set. The TCD of a
cancelled channel contains the source and destination addresses of the last transfer saved
in the TCD. If the channel needs to be restarted, you must re-initialize the TCD because
the aforementioned fields no longer represent the original parameters. When a transfer is
cancelled by the error cancel transfer mechanism, the channel number is loaded into
DMA_ES[ERRCHN] and ECX and VLD are set. In addition, an error interrupt may be
generated if enabled.
NOTE
The cancel transfer request allows the user to stop a large data
transfer in the event the full data transfer is no longer needed.
The cancel transfer bit does not abort the channel. It simply
stops the transferring of data and then retires the channel
through its normal shutdown sequence. The application
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software must handle the context of the cancel. If an interrupt is
desired (or not), then the interrupt should be enabled (or
disabled) before the cancel request. The application software
must clean up the transfer control descriptor since the full
transfer did not occur.
The occurrence of any error causes the eDMA engine to stop normal processing of the
active channel immediately (it goes to its error processing states and the transaction to the
system bus still has pipeline effect), and the appropriate channel bit in the eDMA error
register is asserted. At the same time, the details of the error condition are loaded into the
Error Status register (DMAx_ES). The major loop complete indicators, setting the
transfer control descriptor DONE flag and the possible assertion of an interrupt request,
are not affected when an error is detected. After the error status has been updated, the
eDMA engine continues operating by servicing the next appropriate channel. A channel
that experiences an error condition is not automatically disabled. If a channel is
terminated by an error and then issues another service request before the error is fixed,
that channel executes and terminates with the same error condition.
22.4.3 Channel preemption
Channel preemption is enabled on a per-channel basis by setting the DCHPRIn[ECP] bit.
Channel preemption allows the executing channel’s data transfers to temporarily suspend
in favor of starting a higher priority channel. After the preempting channel has completed
all its minor loop data transfers, the preempted channel is restored and resumes
execution. After the restored channel completes one read/write sequence, it is again
eligible for preemption. If any higher priority channel is requesting service, the restored
channel is suspended and the higher priority channel is serviced. Nested preemption, that
is, attempting to preempt a preempting channel, is not supported. After a preempting
channel begins execution, it cannot be preempted. Preemption is available only when
fixed arbitration is selected.
A channel’s ability to preempt another channel can be disabled by setting
DCHPRIn[DPA]. When a channel’s preempt ability is disabled, that channel cannot
suspend a lower priority channel’s data transfer, regardless of the lower priority channel’s
ECP setting. This allows for a pool of low priority, large data-moving channels to be
defined. These low priority channels can be configured to not preempt each other, thus
preventing a low priority channel from consuming the preempt slot normally available to
a true, high priority channel.
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22.4.4 Performance
This section addresses the performance of the eDMA module, focusing on two separate
metrics:
• In the traditional data movement context, performance is best expressed as the peak
data transfer rates achieved using the eDMA. In most implementations, this transfer
rate is limited by the speed of the source and destination address spaces.
• In a second context where device-paced movement of single data values to/from
peripherals is dominant, a measure of the requests that can be serviced in a fixed time
is a more relevant metric. In this environment, the speed of the source and destination
address spaces remains important. However, the microarchitecture of the eDMA also
factors significantly into the resulting metric.
22.4.4.1 Peak transfer rates
The peak transfer rates for several different source and destination transfers are shown in
the following tables. These tables assume:
• Internal SRAM can be accessed with zero wait-states when viewed from the system
bus data phase
• All internal peripheral bus reads require two wait-states, and internal peripheral bus
writes three wait-states, when viewed from the system bus data phase
• All internal peripheral bus accesses are 32-bits in size
NOTE
All architectures will not meet the assumptions listed above.
See the SRAM configuration section for more information.
This table compares peak transfer rates based on different possible system speeds.
Specific chips/devices may not support all system speeds listed.
Table 22-4. eDMA peak transfer rates (Mbytes/sec)
System Speed, Width Internal SRAM-to-
Internal SRAM
32 bit internal peripheral
bus-to-Internal SRAM
Internal SRAM-to-32 bit
internal peripheral bus
66.7 MHz, 32 bit 133.3 66.7 53.3
83.3 MHz, 32 bit 166.7 83.3 66.7
100.0 MHz, 32 bit 200.0 100.0 80.0
133.3 MHz, 32 bit 266.7 133.3 106.7
150.0 MHz, 32 bit 300.0 150.0 120.0
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Internal-SRAM-to-internal-SRAM transfers occur at the core's datapath width. For all
transfers involving the internal peripheral bus, 32-bit transfer sizes are used. In all cases,
the transfer rate includes the time to read the source plus the time to write the destination.
22.4.4.2 Peak request rates
The second performance metric is a measure of the number of DMA requests that can be
serviced in a given amount of time. For this metric, assume that the peripheral request
causes the channel to move a single internal peripheral bus-mapped operand to/from
internal SRAM. The same timing assumptions used in the previous example apply to this
calculation. In particular, this metric also reflects the time required to activate the
channel.
The eDMA design supports the following hardware service request sequence. Note that
the exact timing from Cycle 7 is a function of the response times for the channel's read
and write accesses. In the case of an internal peripheral bus read and internal SRAM
write, the combined data phase time is 4 cycles. For an SRAM read and internal
peripheral bus write, it is 5 cycles.
Table 22-5. Hardware service request process
Cycle Description
With internal peripheral
bus read and internal
SRAM write
With SRAM read and
internal peripheral bus
write
1 eDMA peripheral request is asserted.
2 The eDMA peripheral request is registered locally in the
eDMA module and qualified. TCDn_CSR[START] bit initiated
requests start at this point with the registering of the user
write to TCDn word 7.
3 Channel arbitration begins.
4 Channel arbitration completes. The transfer control descriptor
local memory read is initiated.
5–6 The first two parts of the activated channel's TCD is read from
the local memory. The memory width to the eDMA engine is
64 bits, so the entire descriptor can be accessed in four
cycles
7 The first system bus read cycle is initiated, as the third part of
the channel's TCD is read from the local memory. Depending
on the state of the crossbar switch, arbitration at the system
bus may insert an additional cycle of delay here.
8–11 8–12 The last part of the TCD is read in. This cycle represents the
first data phase for the read, and the address phase for the
destination write.
12 13 This cycle represents the data phase of the last destination
write.
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 22-5. Hardware service request process (continued)
Cycle Description
With internal peripheral
bus read and internal
SRAM write
With SRAM read and
internal peripheral bus
write
13 14 The eDMA engine completes the execution of the inner minor
loop and prepares to write back the required TCDn fields into
the local memory. The TCDn word 7 is read and checked for
channel linking or scatter/gather requests.
14 15 The appropriate fields in the first part of the TCDn are written
back into the local memory.
15 16 The fields in the second part of the TCDn are written back into
the local memory. This cycle coincides with the next channel
arbitration cycle start.
16 17 The next channel to be activated performs the read of the first
part of its TCD from the local memory. This is equivalent to
Cycle 4 for the first channel's service request.
Assuming zero wait states on the system bus, DMA requests can be processed every 9
cycles. Assuming an average of the access times associated with internal peripheral bus-
to-SRAM (4 cycles) and SRAM-to-internal peripheral bus (5 cycles), DMA requests can
be processed every 11.5 cycles (4 + (4+5)/2 + 3). This is the time from Cycle 4 to Cycle x
+5. The resulting peak request rate, as a function of the system frequency, is shown in the
following table.
Table 22-6. eDMA peak request rate (MReq/sec)
System frequency (MHz) Request rate
with zero wait states
Request rate
with wait states
66.6 7.4 5.8
83.3 9.2 7.2
100.0 11.1 8.7
133.3 14.8 11.6
150.0 16.6 13.0
A general formula to compute the peak request rate with overlapping requests is:
PEAKreq = freq / [ entry + (1 + read_ws) + (1 + write_ws) + exit ]
where:
Table 22-7. Peak request formula operands
Operand Description
PEAKreq Peak request rate
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 22-7. Peak request formula operands (continued)
Operand Description
freq System frequency
entry Channel startup (4 cycles)
read_ws Wait states seen during the system bus read data phase
write_ws Wait states seen during the system bus write data phase
exit Channel shutdown (3 cycles)
22.4.4.3 eDMA performance example
Consider a system with the following characteristics:
• Internal SRAM can be accessed with one wait-state when viewed from the system
bus data phase
• All internal peripheral bus reads require two wait-states, and internal peripheral bus
writes three wait-states viewed from the system bus data phase
• System operates at 150 MHz
For an SRAM to internal peripheral bus transfer,
PEAKreq = 150 MHz / [ 4 + (1 + 1) + (1 + 3) + 3 ] cycles = 11.5 Mreq/sec
For an internal peripheral bus to SRAM transfer,
PEAKreq = 150 MHz / [ 4 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 1) + 3 ] cycles = 12.5 Mreq/sec
Assuming an even distribution of the two transfer types, the average peak request rate
would be:
PEAKreq = (11.5 Mreq/sec + 12.5 Mreq/sec) / 2 = 12.0 Mreq/sec
The minimum number of cycles to perform a single read/write, zero wait states on the
system bus, from a cold start where no channel is executing and eDMA is idle are:
•11 cycles for a software, that is, a TCDn_CSR[START] bit, request
• 12 cycles for a hardware, that is, an eDMA peripheral request signal, request
Two cycles account for the arbitration pipeline and one extra cycle on the hardware
request resulting from the internal registering of the eDMA peripheral request signals.
For the peak request rate calculations above, the arbitration and request registering is
absorbed in or overlaps the previous executing channel.
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Note
When channel linking or scatter/gather is enabled, a two cycle
delay is imposed on the next channel selection and startup. This
allows the link channel or the scatter/gather channel to be
eligible and considered in the arbitration pool for next channel
selection.
22.5 Initialization/application information
The following sections discuss initialization of the eDMA and programming
considerations.
22.5.1 eDMA initialization
To initialize the eDMA:
1. Write to the CR if a configuration other than the default is desired.
2. Write the channel priority levels to the DCHPRIn registers if a configuration other
than the default is desired.
3. Enable error interrupts in the EEI register if so desired.
4. Write the 32-byte TCD for each channel that may request service.
5. Enable any hardware service requests via the ERQ register.
6. Request channel service via either:
•Software: setting the TCDn_CSR[START]
• Hardware: slave device asserting its eDMA peripheral request signal
After any channel requests service, a channel is selected for execution based on the
arbitration and priority levels written into the programmer's model. The eDMA engine
reads the entire TCD, including the TCD control and status fields, as shown in the
following table, for the selected channel into its internal address path module.
As the TCD is read, the first transfer is initiated on the internal bus, unless a
configuration error is detected. Transfers from the source, as defined by TCDn_SADDR,
to the destination, as defined by TCDn_DADDR, continue until the number of bytes
specified by TCDn_NBYTES are transferred.
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When the transfer is complete, the eDMA engine's local TCDn_SADDR,
TCDn_DADDR, and TCDn_CITER are written back to the main TCD memory and any
minor loop channel linking is performed, if enabled. If the major loop is exhausted,
further post processing executes, such as interrupts, major loop channel linking, and
scatter/gather operations, if enabled.
Table 22-8. TCD Control and Status fields
TCDn_CSR field
name Description
START Control bit to start channel explicitly when using a software initiated DMA service (Automatically
cleared by hardware)
ACTIVE Status bit indicating the channel is currently in execution
DONE Status bit indicating major loop completion (cleared by software when using a software initiated
DMA service)
D_REQ Control bit to disable DMA request at end of major loop completion when using a hardware initiated
DMA service
BWC Control bits for throttling bandwidth control of a channel
E_SG Control bit to enable scatter-gather feature
INT_HALF Control bit to enable interrupt when major loop is half complete
INT_MAJ Control bit to enable interrupt when major loop completes
The following figure shows how each DMA request initiates one minor-loop transfer, or
iteration, without CPU intervention. DMA arbitration can occur after each minor loop,
and one level of minor loop DMA preemption is allowed. The number of minor loops in
a major loop is specified by the beginning iteration count (BITER).
DMA request
DMA request
DMA request
Minor loopMinor loopMinor loop
Major loop
Current major
loop iteration
count (CITER)
3
2
1
Source or destination memory
Figure 22-5. Example of multiple loop iterations
The following figure lists the memory array terms and how the TCD settings interrelate.
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xADDR: (Starting address)
xLAST: Number of bytes added to
current address after major loop
(typically used to loop back)
Minor loop
(NBYTES in
minor loop,
often the same
value as xSIZE)
Minor loop
Last minor loop
Offset (xOFF): number of bytes added to
current address after each transfer
(often the same value as xSIZE)
Each DMA source (S) and
destination (D) has its own:
Address (xADDR)
Size (xSIZE)
Offset (xOFF)
Modulo (xMOD)
Last Address Adjustment (xLAST)
where x = S or D
Peripheral queues typically
have size and offset equal
to NBYTES.
xSIZE: (size of one
data transfer)
Figure 22-6. Memory array terms
22.5.2 Programming errors
The eDMA performs various tests on the transfer control descriptor to verify consistency
in the descriptor data. Most programming errors are reported on a per channel basis with
the exception of channel priority error (ES[CPE]).
For all error types other than channel priority error, the channel number causing the error
is recorded in the Error Status register (DMAx_ES). If the error source is not removed
before the next activation of the problem channel, the error is detected and recorded
again.
If priority levels are not unique, when any channel requests service, a channel priority
error is reported. The highest channel priority with an active request is selected, but the
lowest numbered channel with that priority is selected by arbitration and executed by the
eDMA engine. The hardware service request handshake signals, error interrupts, and
error reporting is associated with the selected channel.
22.5.3 Arbitration mode considerations
This section discusses arbitration considerations for the eDMA.
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22.5.3.1 Fixed channel arbitration
In this mode, the channel service request from the highest priority channel is selected to
execute.
22.5.3.2 Round-robin channel arbitration
Channels are serviced starting with the highest channel number and rotating through to
the lowest channel number without regard to the channel priority levels.
22.5.4 Performing DMA transfers
This section presents examples on how to perform DMA transfers with the eDMA.
22.5.4.1 Single request
To perform a simple transfer of n bytes of data with one activation, set the major loop to
one (TCDn_CITER = TCDn_BITER = 1). The data transfer begins after the channel
service request is acknowledged and the channel is selected to execute. After the transfer
is complete, the TCDn_CSR[DONE] bit is set and an interrupt generates if properly
enabled.
For example, the following TCD entry is configured to transfer 16 bytes of data. The
eDMA is programmed for one iteration of the major loop transferring 16 bytes per
iteration. The source memory has a byte wide memory port located at 0x1000. The
destination memory has a 32-bit port located at 0x2000. The address offsets are
programmed in increments to match the transfer size: one byte for the source and four
bytes for the destination. The final source and destination addresses are adjusted to return
to their beginning values.
TCDn_CITER = TCDn_BITER = 1
TCDn_NBYTES = 16
TCDn_SADDR = 0x1000
TCDn_SOFF = 1
TCDn_ATTR[SSIZE] = 0
TCDn_SLAST = -16
TCDn_DADDR = 0x2000
TCDn_DOFF = 4
TCDn_ATTR[DSIZE] = 2
TCDn_DLAST_SGA= –16
TCDn_CSR[INT_MAJ] = 1
TCDn_CSR[START] = 1 (Should be written last after all other fields have been initialized)
All other TCDn fields = 0
This generates the following event sequence:
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1. User write to the TCDn_CSR[START] bit requests channel service.
2. The channel is selected by arbitration for servicing.
3. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_CSR[DONE] = 0, TCDn_CSR[START] = 0,
TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] = 1.
4. eDMA engine reads: channel TCD data from local memory to internal register file.
5. The source-to-destination transfers are executed as follows:
a. Read byte from location 0x1000, read byte from location 0x1001, read byte from
0x1002, read byte from 0x1003.
b. Write 32-bits to location 0x2000 → first iteration of the minor loop.
c. Read byte from location 0x1004, read byte from location 0x1005, read byte from
0x1006, read byte from 0x1007.
d. Write 32-bits to location 0x2004 → second iteration of the minor loop.
e. Read byte from location 0x1008, read byte from location 0x1009, read byte from
0x100A, read byte from 0x100B.
f. Write 32-bits to location 0x2008 → third iteration of the minor loop.
g. Read byte from location 0x100C, read byte from location 0x100D, read byte
from 0x100E, read byte from 0x100F.
h. Write 32-bits to location 0x200C → last iteration of the minor loop → major loop
complete.
6. The eDMA engine writes: TCDn_SADDR = 0x1000, TCDn_DADDR = 0x2000,
TCDn_CITER = 1 (TCDn_BITER).
7. The eDMA engine writes: TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] = 0, TCDn_CSR[DONE] = 1,
INT[n] = 1.
8. The channel retires and the eDMA goes idle or services the next channel.
22.5.4.2 Multiple requests
The following example transfers 32 bytes via two hardware requests, but is otherwise the
same as the previous example. The only fields that change are the major loop iteration
count and the final address offsets. The eDMA is programmed for two iterations of the
major loop transferring 16 bytes per iteration. After the channel's hardware requests are
enabled in the ERQ register, the slave device initiates channel service requests.
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TCDn_CITER = TCDn_BITER = 2
TCDn_SLAST = –32
TCDn_DLAST_SGA = –32
This would generate the following sequence of events:
1. First hardware, that is, eDMA peripheral, request for channel service.
2. The channel is selected by arbitration for servicing.
3. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_CSR[DONE] = 0, TCDn_CSR[START] = 0,
TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] = 1.
4. eDMA engine reads: channel TCDn data from local memory to internal register file.
5. The source to destination transfers are executed as follows:
a. Read byte from location 0x1000, read byte from location 0x1001, read byte from
0x1002, read byte from 0x1003.
b. Write 32-bits to location 0x2000 → first iteration of the minor loop.
c. Read byte from location 0x1004, read byte from location 0x1005, read byte from
0x1006, read byte from 0x1007.
d. Write 32-bits to location 0x2004 → second iteration of the minor loop.
e. Read byte from location 0x1008, read byte from location 0x1009, read byte from
0x100A, read byte from 0x100B.
f. Write 32-bits to location 0x2008 → third iteration of the minor loop.
g. Read byte from location 0x100C, read byte from location 0x100D, read byte
from 0x100E, read byte from 0x100F.
h. Write 32-bits to location 0x200C → last iteration of the minor loop.
6. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_SADDR = 0x1010, TCDn_DADDR = 0x2010,
TCDn_CITER = 1.
7. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] = 0.
8. The channel retires → one iteration of the major loop. The eDMA goes idle or
services the next channel.
9. Second hardware, that is, eDMA peripheral, requests channel service.
10. The channel is selected by arbitration for servicing.
11. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_CSR[DONE] = 0, TCDn_CSR[START] = 0,
TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] = 1.
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12. eDMA engine reads: channel TCD data from local memory to internal register file.
13. The source to destination transfers are executed as follows:
a. Read byte from location 0x1010, read byte from location 0x1011, read byte from
0x1012, read byte from 0x1013.
b. Write 32-bits to location 0x2010 → first iteration of the minor loop.
c. Read byte from location 0x1014, read byte from location 0x1015, read byte from
0x1016, read byte from 0x1017.
d. Write 32-bits to location 0x2014 → second iteration of the minor loop.
e. Read byte from location 0x1018, read byte from location 0x1019, read byte from
0x101A, read byte from 0x101B.
f. Write 32-bits to location 0x2018 → third iteration of the minor loop.
g. Read byte from location 0x101C, read byte from location 0x101D, read byte
from 0x101E, read byte from 0x101F.
h. Write 32-bits to location 0x201C → last iteration of the minor loop → major loop
complete.
14. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_SADDR = 0x1000, TCDn_DADDR = 0x2000,
TCDn_CITER = 2 (TCDn_BITER).
15. eDMA engine writes: TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] = 0, TCDn_CSR[DONE] = 1, INT[n] =
1.
16. The channel retires → major loop complete. The eDMA goes idle or services the next
channel.
22.5.4.3 Using the modulo feature
The modulo feature of the eDMA provides the ability to implement a circular data queue
in which the size of the queue is a power of 2. MOD is a 5-bit field for the source and
destination in the TCD, and it specifies which lower address bits increment from their
original value after the address+offset calculation. All upper address bits remain the same
as in the original value. A setting of 0 for this field disables the modulo feature.
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The following table shows how the transfer addresses are specified based on the setting
of the MOD field. Here a circular buffer is created where the address wraps to the
original value while the 28 upper address bits (0x1234567x) retain their original value. In
this example the source address is set to 0x12345670, the offset is set to 4 bytes and the
MOD field is set to 4, allowing for a 24 byte (16-byte) size queue.
Table 22-9. Modulo example
Transfer Number Address
1 0x12345670
2 0x12345674
3 0x12345678
4 0x1234567C
5 0x12345670
6 0x12345674
22.5.5 Monitoring transfer descriptor status
This section discusses how to monitor eDMA status.
22.5.5.1 Testing for minor loop completion
There are two methods to test for minor loop completion when using software initiated
service requests. The first is to read the TCDn_CITER field and test for a change.
Another method may be extracted from the sequence shown below. The second method is
to test the TCDn_CSR[START] bit and the TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] bit. The minor-loop-
complete condition is indicated by both bits reading zero after the TCDn_CSR[START]
was set. Polling the TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] bit may be inconclusive, because the active
status may be missed if the channel execution is short in duration.
The TCD status bits execute the following sequence for a software activated channel:
Stage TCDn_CSR bits State
START ACTIVE DONE
1 1 0 0 Channel service request via software
2 0 1 0 Channel is executing
3a 0 0 0 Channel has completed the minor loop and is idle
3b 0 0 1 Channel has completed the major loop and is idle
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The best method to test for minor-loop completion when using hardware, that is,
peripheral, initiated service requests is to read the TCDn_CITER field and test for a
change. The hardware request and acknowledge handshake signals are not visible in the
programmer's model.
The TCD status bits execute the following sequence for a hardware-activated channel:
Stage TCDn_CSR bits State
START ACTIVE DONE
1 0 0 0 Channel service request via hardware (peripheral
request asserted)
2 0 1 0 Channel is executing
3a 0 0 0 Channel has completed the minor loop and is idle
3b 0 0 1 Channel has completed the major loop and is idle
For both activation types, the major-loop-complete status is explicitly indicated via the
TCDn_CSR[DONE] bit.
The TCDn_CSR[START] bit is cleared automatically when the channel begins execution
regardless of how the channel activates.
22.5.5.2 Reading the transfer descriptors of active channels
The eDMA reads back the true TCDn_SADDR, TCDn_DADDR, and TCDn_NBYTES
values if read while a channel executes. The true values of the SADDR, DADDR, and
NBYTES are the values the eDMA engine currently uses in its internal register file and
not the values in the TCD local memory for that channel. The addresses, SADDR and
DADDR, and NBYTES, which decrement to zero as the transfer progresses, can give an
indication of the progress of the transfer. All other values are read back from the TCD
local memory.
22.5.5.3 Checking channel preemption status
Preemption is available only when fixed arbitration is selected as the channel arbitration
mode. A preemptive situation is one in which a preempt-enabled channel runs and a
higher priority request becomes active. When the eDMA engine is not operating in fixed
channel arbitration mode, the determination of the actively running relative priority
outstanding requests become undefined. Channel priorities are treated as equal, that is,
constantly rotating, when Round-Robin Arbitration mode is selected.
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The TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] bit for the preempted channel remains asserted throughout
the preemption. The preempted channel is temporarily suspended while the preempting
channel executes one major loop iteration. If two TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE] bits are set
simultaneously in the global TCD map, a higher priority channel is actively preempting a
lower priority channel.
22.5.6 Channel Linking
Channel linking (or chaining) is a mechanism where one channel sets the
TCDn_CSR[START] bit of another channel (or itself), therefore initiating a service
request for that channel. When properly enabled, the EDMA engine automatically
performs this operation at the major or minor loop completion.
The minor loop channel linking occurs at the completion of the minor loop (or one
iteration of the major loop). The TCDn_CITER[E_LINK] field determines whether a
minor loop link is requested. When enabled, the channel link is made after each iteration
of the major loop except for the last. When the major loop is exhausted, only the major
loop channel link fields are used to determine if a channel link should be made. For
example, the initial fields of:
TCDn_CITER[E_LINK] = 1
TCDn_CITER[LINKCH] = 0xC
TCDn_CITER[CITER] value = 0x4
TCDn_CSR[MAJOR_E_LINK] = 1
TCDn_CSR[MAJOR_LINKCH] = 0x7
executes as:
1. Minor loop done → set TCD12_CSR[START] bit
2. Minor loop done → set TCD12_CSR[START] bit
3. Minor loop done → set TCD12_CSR[START] bit
4. Minor loop done, major loop done→ set TCD7_CSR[START] bit
When minor loop linking is enabled (TCDn_CITER[E_LINK] = 1), the
TCDn_CITER[CITER] field uses a nine bit vector to form the current iteration count.
When minor loop linking is disabled (TCDn_CITER[E_LINK] = 0), the
TCDn_CITER[CITER] field uses a 15-bit vector to form the current iteration count. The
bits associated with the TCDn_CITER[LINKCH] field are concatenated onto the CITER
value to increase the range of the CITER.
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Note
The TCDn_CITER[E_LINK] bit and the
TCDn_BITER[E_LINK] bit must equal or a configuration error
is reported. The CITER and BITER vector widths must be
equal to calculate the major loop, half-way done interrupt point.
The following table summarizes how a DMA channel can link to another DMA channel,
i.e, use another channel's TCD, at the end of a loop.
Table 22-10. Channel Linking Parameters
Desired Link
Behavior TCD Control Field Name Description
Link at end of
Minor Loop
CITER[E_LINK] Enable channel-to-channel linking on minor loop completion (current
iteration)
CITER[LINKCH] Link channel number when linking at end of minor loop (current iteration)
Link at end of
Major Loop
CSR[MAJOR_E_LINK] Enable channel-to-channel linking on major loop completion
CSR[MAJOR_LINKCH] Link channel number when linking at end of major loop
22.5.7 Dynamic programming
This section provides recommended methods to change the programming model during
channel execution.
22.5.7.1 Dynamically changing the channel priority
The following two options are recommended for dynamically changing channel priority
levels:
1. Switch to Round-Robin Channel Arbitration mode, change the channel priorities,
then switch back to Fixed Arbitration mode,
2. Disable all the channels, change the channel priorities, then enable the appropriate
channels.
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22.5.7.2 Dynamic channel linking
Dynamic channel linking is the process of setting the TCD.major.e_link bit during
channel execution (see the diagram in TCD structure). This bit is read from the TCD
local memory at the end of channel execution, thus allowing the user to enable the feature
during channel execution.
Because the user is allowed to change the configuration during execution, a coherency
model is needed. Consider the scenario where the user attempts to execute a dynamic
channel link by enabling the TCD.major.e_link bit at the same time the eDMA engine is
retiring the channel. The TCD.major.e_link would be set in the programmer’s model, but
it would be unclear whether the actual link was made before the channel retired.
The following coherency model is recommended when executing a dynamic channel link
request.
1. Write 1 to the TCD.major.e_link bit.
2. Read back the TCD.major.e_link bit.
3. Test the TCD.major.e_link request status:
• If TCD.major.e_link = 1, the dynamic link attempt was successful.
• If TCD.major.e_link = 0, the attempted dynamic link did not succeed (the
channel was already retiring).
For this request, the TCD local memory controller forces the TCD.major.e_link bit to
zero on any writes to a channel’s TCD.word7 after that channel’s TCD.done bit is set,
indicating the major loop is complete.
NOTE
The user must clear the TCD.done bit before writing the
TCD.major.e_link bit. The TCD.done bit is cleared
automatically by the eDMA engine after a channel begins
execution.
22.5.7.3 Dynamic scatter/gather
Scatter/gather is the process of automatically loading a new TCD into a channel. It allows
a DMA channel to use multiple TCDs; this enables a DMA channel to scatter the DMA
data to multiple destinations or gather it from multiple sources.When scatter/gather is
enabled and the channel has finished its major loop, a new TCD is fetched from system
memory and loaded into that channel’s descriptor location in eDMA programmer’s
model, thus replacing the current descriptor.
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Because the user is allowed to change the configuration during execution, a coherency
model is needed. Consider the scenario where the user attempts to execute a dynamic
scatter/gather operation by enabling the TCD.e_sg bit at the same time the eDMA engine
is retiring the channel. The TCD.e_sg would be set in the programmer’s model, but it
would be unclear whether the actual scatter/gather request was honored before the
channel retired.
Two methods for this coherency model are shown in the following subsections. Method 1
has the advantage of reading the major.linkch field and the e_sg bit with a single read.
For both dynamic channel linking and scatter/gather requests, the TCD local memory
controller forces the TCD.major.e_link and TCD.e_sg bits to zero on any writes to a
channel’s TCD.word7 if that channel’s TCD.done bit is set indicating the major loop is
complete.
NOTE
The user must clear the TCD.done bit before writing the
TCD.major.e_link or TCD.e_sg bits. The TCD.done bit is
cleared automatically by the eDMA engine after a channel
begins execution.
22.5.7.3.1 Method 1 (channel not using major loop channel linking)
For a channel not using major loop channel linking, the coherency model described here
may be used for a dynamic scatter/gather request.
When the TCD.major.e_link bit is zero, the TCD.major.linkch field is not used by the
eDMA. In this case, the TCD.major.linkch bits may be used for other purposes. This
method uses the TCD.major.linkch field as a TCD indentification (ID).
1. When the descriptors are built, write a unique TCD ID in the TCD.major.linkch field
for each TCD associated with a channel using dynamic scatter/gather.
2. Write 1b to the TCD.d_req bit.
Should a dynamic scatter/gather attempt fail, setting the TCD.d_req bit will prevent a
future hardware activation of this channel. This stops the channel from executing
with a destination address (daddr) that was calculated using a scatter/gather address
(written in the next step) instead of a dlast final offest value.
3. Write the TCD.dlast_sga field with the scatter/gather address.
4. Write 1b to the TCD.e_sg bit.
5. Read back the 16 bit TCD control/status field.
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6. Test the TCD.e_sg request status and TCD.major.linkch value:
If e_sg = 1b, the dynamic link attempt was successful.
If e_sg = 0b and the major.linkch (ID) did not change, the attempted dynamic link
did not succeed (the channel was already retiring).
If e_sg = 0b and the major.linkch (ID) changed, the dynamic link attempt was
successful (the new TCD’s e_sg value cleared the e_sg bit).
22.5.7.3.2 Method 2 (channel using major loop channel linking)
For a channel using major loop channel linking, the coherency model described here may
be used for a dynamic scatter/gather request. This method uses the TCD.dlast_sga field as
a TCD indentification (ID).
1. Write 1b to the TCD.d_req bit.
Should a dynamic scatter/gather attempt fail, setting the d_req bit will prevent a
future hardware activation of this channel. This stops the channel from executing
with a destination address (daddr) that was calculated using a scatter/gather address
(written in the next step) instead of a dlast final offest value.
2. Write theTCD.dlast_sga field with the scatter/gather address.
3. Write 1b to the TCD.e_sg bit.
4. Read back the TCD.e_sg bit.
5. Test the TCD.e_sg request status:
If e_sg = 1b, the dynamic link attempt was successful.
If e_sg = 0b, read the 32 bit TCD dlast_sga field.
If e_sg = 0b and the dlast_sga did not change, the attempted dynamic link did not
succeed (the channel was already retiring).
If e_sg = 0b and the dlast_sga changed, the dynamic link attempt was successful (the
new TCD’s e_sg value cleared the e_sg bit).
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22.5.8 Lockstep
This chip contains an eDMA Checker which, when enabled, operates in Lockstep mode
with the primary eDMA, executing the exact same transfer profiles. The eDMA Checker
checks to ensure the primary eDMA is operating correctly. A block diagram is shown
below.
DMA checker
RCCU
Checker Lake
Alarms
delay_element
delay_element
delay_element
delay_element
DMA
Inputs
DMA
Outputs
DMA
Outputs
Signal
Compression
Signal
Compression
DMA
22.5.8.1 Initialization
To prevent the eDMA Checker from generating a false comparison error after power-on-
reset, the eDMA’s data output buffer must be initialized prior to enabling the Checker. To
initialize the eDMA data output buffer, the eDMA must perform a one or more 32-bit
data transfers using any data value.
22.5.8.2 Errors
To handle source-address errors (SAE), perform the following steps.
1. Fix the addressing error.
2. Clear the error bit in Error Register (DMA_ERR).
3. Start the channel in a normal fashion.
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NOTE
Error Status Register (DMA_ES) is read-only; the bits cannot
be cleared. It saves the last recorded error. The VLD bit shows
the user whether any error bits in the Error Register are set, thus
indicating an error occurred that hasn't been cleared.
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Chapter 23
External Watchdog Monitor (EWM)
23.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
For safety, a redundant watchdog system, External Watchdog Monitor (EWM), is
designed to monitor external circuits, as well as the MCU software flow. This provides a
back-up mechanism to the internal watchdog that resets the MCU's CPU and peripherals.
The watchdog is generally used to monitor the flow and execution of embedded software
within an MCU. The watchdog consists of a counter that if allowed to overflow, forces an
internal reset (asynchronous) to all on-chip peripherals and optionally assert the RESET
pin to reset external devices/circuits. The overflow of the watchdog counter must not
occur if the software code works well and services the watchdog to re-start the actual
counter.
The EWM differs from the internal watchdog in that it does not reset the MCU's CPU
and peripherals. The EWM provides an independent EWM_out signal that when asserted
resets or places an external circuit into a safe mode. The EWM_out signal is asserted
upon the EWM counter time-out. An optional external input EWM_in is provided to
allow additional control of the assertion of EWM_out signal.
23.1.1 Features
Features of EWM module include:
• Independent LPO_CLK clock source
• Programmable time-out period specified in terms of number of EWM LPO_CLK
clock cycles.
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• Windowed refresh option
• Provides robust check that program flow is faster than expected.
• Programmable window.
• Refresh outside window leads to assertion of EWM_out.
• Robust refresh mechanism
• Write values of 0xB4 and 0x2C to EWM Refresh Register within 15
(EWM_refresh_time) peripheral bus clock cycles.
• One output port, EWM_out, when asserted is used to reset or place the external
circuit into safe mode.
• One Input port, EWM_in, allows an external circuit to control the assertion of the
EWM_out signal.
23.1.2 Modes of Operation
This section describes the module's operating modes.
23.1.2.1 Stop Mode
When the EWM is in stop mode, the CPU refreshes to the EWM cannot occur. On entry
to stop mode, the EWM’s counter freezes.
There are two possible ways to exit from Stop mode:
• On exit from stop mode through a reset, the EWM remains disabled.
• On exit from stop mode by an interrupt, the EWM is re-enabled, and the counter
continues to be clocked from the same value prior to entry to stop mode.
Note the following if the EWM enters the stop mode during CPU refresh mechanism: At
the exit from stop mode by an interrupt, refresh mechanism state machine starts from the
previous state which means, if first refresh command is written correctly and EWM
enters the stop mode immediately, the next command has to be written within the next 15
(EWM_refresh_time) peripheral bus clocks after exiting from stop mode. User must mask
all interrupts prior to executing EWM refresh instructions.
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23.1.2.2 Wait Mode
The EWM module treats the stop and wait modes as the same. EWM functionality
remains the same in both of these modes.
23.1.2.3 Debug Mode
Entry to debug mode has no effect on the EWM.
• If the EWM is enabled prior to entry of debug mode, it remains enabled.
• If the EWM is disabled prior to entry of debug mode, it remains disabled.
23.1.3 Block Diagram
This figure shows the EWM block diagram.
Clock Divider
Logic
LPO_CLK Low Power
Clock Clock Gating
Cell
AND
Enable
EWM_CTRL[EWMEN]
EWM_CLKPRESCALER[CLK_DIV]
8-bit Counter
OR
Counter Value
Reset to
Counter
EWM Refresh
And
/EWM_out Output
Control
Mechanism
EWM_CMPH[COMPAREH]
EWM_CMPL[COMPAREL]
EWM Refreshed
EWM_out
Counter
overflow
EWM_in
EWM Service Register
CPU
Reset
Figure 23-1. EWM Block Diagram
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23.2 EWM Signal Descriptions
The EWM has two external signals, as shown in the following table.
Table 23-1. EWM Signal Descriptions
Signal Description I/O
EWM_in EWM input for safety status of external safety circuits. The polarity of
EWM_in is programmable using the EWM_CTRL[ASSIN] bit. The default
polarity is active-low.
I
EWM_out EWM reset out signal O
23.3 Memory Map/Register Definition
This section contains the module memory map and registers.
EWM memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_1000 Control Register (EWM_CTRL) 8 R/W 00h 23.3.1/478
4006_1001 Service Register (EWM_SERV) 8
W
(always
reads 0)
00h 23.3.2/479
4006_1002 Compare Low Register (EWM_CMPL) 8 R/W 00h 23.3.3/479
4006_1003 Compare High Register (EWM_CMPH) 8 R/W FFh 23.3.4/480
4006_1005 Clock Prescaler Register (EWM_CLKPRESCALER) 8 R/W 00h 23.3.5/481
23.3.1 Control Register (EWM_CTRL)
The CTRL register is cleared by any reset.
NOTE
INEN, ASSIN and EWMEN bits can be written once after a
CPU reset. Modifying these bits more than once, generates a
bus transfer error.
Address: 4006_1000h base + 0h offset = 4006_1000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 INTEN INEN ASSIN EWMEN
Write
Reset 00000000
EWM Signal Descriptions
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EWM_CTRL field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
INTEN
Interrupt Enable.
This bit when set and EWM_out is asserted, an interrupt request is generated. To de-assert interrupt
request, user should clear this bit by writing 0.
2
INEN
Input Enable.
This bit when set, enables the EWM_in port.
1
ASSIN
EWM_in's Assertion State Select.
Default assert state of the EWM_in signal is logic zero. Setting the ASSIN bit inverts the assert state of
EWM_in signal to a logic one.
0
EWMEN
EWM enable.
This bit when set, enables the EWM module. This resets the EWM counter to zero and deasserts the
EWM_out signal. This bit when unset, keeps the EWM module disabled. It cannot be re-enabled until a
next reset, due to the write-once nature of this bit.
23.3.2 Service Register (EWM_SERV)
The SERV register provides the interface from the CPU to the EWM module. It is write-
only and reads of this register return zero.
Address: 4006_1000h base + 1h offset = 4006_1001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0
Write SERVICE
Reset 00000000
EWM_SERV field descriptions
Field Description
SERVICE The EWM refresh mechanism requires the CPU to write two values to the SERV register: a first data byte
of 0xB4, followed by a second data byte of 0x2C. The EWM refresh is invalid if either of the following
conditions is true.
• The first or second data byte is not written correctly.
• The second data byte is not written within a fixed number of peripheral bus cycles of the first data
byte. This fixed number of cycles is called EWM_refresh_time.
23.3.3 Compare Low Register (EWM_CMPL)
The CMPL register is reset to zero after a CPU reset. This provides no minimum time for
the CPU to refresh the EWM counter.
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NOTE
This register can be written only once after a CPU reset.
Writing this register more than once generates a bus transfer
error.
Address: 4006_1000h base + 2h offset = 4006_1002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read COMPAREL
Write
Reset 00000000
EWM_CMPL field descriptions
Field Description
COMPAREL To prevent runaway code from changing this field, software should write to this field after a CPU reset
even if the (default) minimum refresh time is required.
23.3.4 Compare High Register (EWM_CMPH)
The CMPH register is reset to 0xFF after a CPU reset. This provides a maximum of 256
clocks time, for the CPU to refresh the EWM counter.
NOTE
This register can be written only once after a CPU reset.
Writing this register more than once generates a bus transfer
error.
NOTE
The valid values for CMPH are up to 0xFE because the EWM
counter never expires when CMPH = 0xFF. The expiration
happens only if EWM counter is greater than CMPH.
Address: 4006_1000h base + 3h offset = 4006_1003h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read COMPAREH
Write
Reset 11111111
EWM_CMPH field descriptions
Field Description
COMPAREH To prevent runaway code from changing this field, software should write to this field after a CPU reset
even if the (default) maximum refresh time is required.
Memory Map/Register Definition
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23.3.5 Clock Prescaler Register (EWM_CLKPRESCALER)
This CLKPRESCALER register is reset to 0x00 after a CPU reset.
NOTE
This register can be written only once after a CPU reset.
Writing this register more than once generates a bus transfer
error.
NOTE
Write the required prescaler value before enabling the EWM.
NOTE
The implementation of this register is chip-specific. See the
Chip Configuration details.
Address: 4006_1000h base + 5h offset = 4006_1005h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CLK_DIV
Write
Reset 00000000
EWM_CLKPRESCALER field descriptions
Field Description
CLK_DIV Selected low power clock source for running the EWM counter can be prescaled as below.
• Prescaled clock frequency = low power clock source frequency / ( 1 + CLK_DIV )
23.4 Functional Description
The following sections describe functional details of the EWM module.
NOTE
When the BUS_CLK is lost, then EWM module doesn't
generate the EWM_out signal and no refresh operation is
possible
23.4.1 The EWM_out Signal
The EWM_out is a digital output signal used to gate an external circuit (application
specific) that controls critical safety functions. For example, the EWM_out could be
connected to the high voltage transistors circuits that control an AC motor in a large
appliance.
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The EWM_out signal remains deasserted when the EWM is being regularly refreshed by
the CPU within the programmable refresh window, indicating that the application code is
executed as expected.
The EWM_out signal is asserted in any of the following conditions:
• The EWM refresh occurs when the counter value is less than CMPL value.
• The EWM counter value reaches the CMPH value, and no EWM refresh has
occurred.
• If functionality of EWM_in pin is enabled and EWM_in pin is asserted while
refreshing the EWM.
• After any reset (by the virtue of the external pull-down mechanism on the EWM_out
pin)
The EWM_out is asserted after any reset by the virtue of the external pull-down
mechanism on the EWM_out signal. Then, to deassert the EWM_out signal, set EWMEN
bit in the CTRL register to enable the EWM.
If the EWM_out signal shares its pad with a digital I/O pin, on reset this actual pad defers
to being an input signal. The pad state is controlled by the EWM_out signal only after the
EWM is enabled by the EWMEN bit in the CTRL register.
Note
EWM_out pad must be in pull down state when EWM
functionality is used and when EWM is under Reset.
23.4.2 The EWM_in Signal
The EWM_in is a digital input signal for safety status of external safety circuits, that
allows an external circuit to control the assertion of the EWM_out signal. For example, in
the application, an external circuit monitors a critical safety function, and if there is fault
with safety function, the external circuit can then actively initiate the EWM_out signal
that controls the gating circuit.
The EWM_in signal is ignored if the EWM is disabled, or if INEN bit of CTRL register
is cleared, as after any reset.
On enabling the EWM (setting the CTRL[EWMEN] bit) and enabling EWM_in
functionality (setting the CTRL[INEN] bit), the EWM_in signal must be in the deasserted
state prior to the CPU start refreshing the EWM. This ensures that the EWM_out stays in
the deasserted state; otherwise, the EWM_out output signal is asserted.
Functional Description
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Note
The user must update the CMPH and CMPL registers prior to
enabling the EWM. After enabling the EWM, the counter resets
to zero, therefore the user shall provide a reasonable time after a
power-on reset for the external monitoring circuit to stabilize.
The user shall also ensure that the EWM_in pin is deasserted.
23.4.3 EWM Counter
It is an 8-bit ripple counter fed from a clock source that is independent of the peripheral
bus clock source. As the preferred time-out is between 1 ms and 100 ms the actual clock
source should be in the kHz range.
The counter is reset to zero after the CPU reset, or when EWM refresh action completes,
or at counter overflow. The counter value is not accessible to the CPU.
23.4.4 EWM Compare Registers
The compare registers CMPL and CMPH are write-once after a CPU reset and cannot be
modified until another CPU reset occurs.
The EWM compare registers are used to create a refresh window to refresh the EWM
module.
It is illegal to program CMPL and CMPH with same value. In this case, as soon as
counter reaches (CMPL + 1), EWM_out is asserted.
23.4.5 EWM Refresh Mechanism
Other than the initial configuration of the EWM, the CPU can only access the EWM by
the EWM Service Register. The CPU must access the EWM service register with correct
write of unique data within the windowed time frame as determined by the CMPL and
CMPH registers for correct EWM refresh operation. Therefore, three possible conditions
can occur:
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Table 23-2. EWM Refresh Mechanisms
Condition Mechanism
An EWM refresh action completes when:
CMPL < Counter < CMPH.
The software behaves as expected and the EWM counter is reset to zero. The
EWM_out output signal remains in the deasserted state if, during the EWM
refresh action, the EWM_in input has been in deasserted state..
An EWM refresh action completes when
Counter < CMPL
The software refreshes the EWM before the windowed time frame, the counter is
reset to zero and the EWM_out output signal is asserted irrespective of the input
EWM_in.
Counter value reaches CMPH prior to
completion of EWM refresh action.
Software has not refreshed the EWM. The EWM counter is reset to zero and the
EWM_out output signal is asserted irrespective of the input EWM_in.
23.4.6 EWM Interrupt
When EWM_out is asserted, an interrupt request is generated to indicate the assertion of
the EWM reset out signal. This interrupt is enabled when CTRL[INTEN] is set. Clearing
this bit clears the interrupt request but does not affect EWM_out. The EWM_out signal
can be deasserted only by forcing a system reset.
23.4.7 Counter clock prescaler
The EWM counter clock source can be prescaled by a clock divider, by programming
CLKPRESCALER[CLK_DIV]. This divided clock is used to run the EWM counter.
NOTE
The divided clock used to run the EWM counter must be no
more than half the frequency of the bus clock.
Functional Description
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Chapter 24
Watchdog Timer (WDOG)
24.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The Watchdog Timer (WDOG) keeps a watch on the system functioning and resets it in
case of its failure. Reasons for failure include run-away software code and the stoppage
of the system clock that in a safety critical system can lead to serious consequences. In
such cases, the watchdog brings the system into a safe state of operation. The watchdog
monitors the operation of the system by expecting periodic communication from the
software, generally known as servicing or refreshing the watchdog. If this periodic
refreshing does not occur, the watchdog resets the system.
24.2 Features
The features of the Watchdog Timer (WDOG) include:
• Clock source input independent from CPU/bus clock. Choice between two clock
sources:
• Low-power oscillator (LPO)
• External system clock
• Unlock sequence for allowing updates to write-once WDOG control/configuration
bits.
• All WDOG control/configuration bits are writable once only within 256 bus clock
cycles of being unlocked.
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• You need to always update these bits after unlocking within 256 bus clock
cycles. Failure to update these bits resets the system.
• Programmable time-out period specified in terms of number of WDOG clock cycles.
• Ability to test WDOG timer and reset with a flag indicating watchdog test.
• Quick test—Small time-out value programmed for quick test.
• Byte test—Individual bytes of timer tested one at a time.
• Read-only access to the WDOG timer—Allows dynamic check that WDOG
timer is operational.
NOTE
Reading the watchdog timer counter while running the
watchdog on the bus clock might not give the accurate
counter value.
• Windowed refresh option
• Provides robust check that program flow is faster than expected.
• Programmable window.
• Refresh outside window leads to reset.
• Robust refresh mechanism
• Write values of 0xA602 and 0xB480 to WDOG Refresh Register within 20 bus
clock cycles.
• Count of WDOG resets as they occur.
• Configurable interrupt on time-out to provide debug breadcrumbs. This is followed
by a reset after 256 bus clock cycles.
24.3 Functional overview
Functional overview
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0xC520
0xD928
Fast
Fn Test
Clock
Allow update for N bus
clk cycles
N bus clk cycles
LPO
N bus clk cycles
Refresh Sequence
2 writes of data within K
bus clock cycles of each
other
Unlock Sequence
2 Writes of data within K bus clock
cycles of each other
Disable Control/Configuration
bit changes N bus clk cycles after
unlocking
WDOGEN = WDOG Enable
WINEN = Windowed Mode Enable
WDOGT = WDOG Time-out Value
WDOGCLKSRC = WDOG Clock Source
WDOG Test = WDOG Test Mode
WAIT EN = Enable in wait mode
STOP EN = Enable in stop mode
Debug EN = Enable in debug mode
SRS = System Reset Status Register
R = Timer Reload
WDOG
reset count
Alt Clock
Osc
WDOG
Clock
Selection
WDOG CLK
R
System reset
and SRS register
Interrupt
IRQ_RST_
EN = = 1?
Invalid
Unlock Seq
32-bit Timer
Timer Time-out
Refresh
Outside
Window
Invalid Refresh
Seq
No config
after unlocking
No unlock
after reset
0xB480
0xA602
System
Bus Clock
32-bit Modulus Reg
(Time-out Value)
DebugEN
Window_begin
WDOGTEST
STOPEN
WAITEN
WDOGT
WDOG
CLKSRC
WINEN
WDOGEN
WDOG
Y
N
Figure 24-1. WDOG operation
The preceding figure shows the operation of the watchdog. The values for N and K are:
• N = 256
• K = 20
The watchdog is a fail safe mechanism that brings the system into a known initial state in
case of its failure due to CPU clock stopping or a run-away condition in code execution.
In its simplest form, the watchdog timer runs continuously off a clock source and expects
to be serviced periodically, failing which it resets the system. This ensures that the
software is executing correctly and has not run away in an unintended direction. Software
can adjust the period of servicing or the time-out value for the watchdog timer to meet the
needs of the application.
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You can select a windowed mode of operation that expects the servicing to be done only
in a particular window of the time-out period. An attempted servicing of the watchdog
outside this window results in a reset. By operating in this mode, you can get an
indication of whether the code is running faster than expected. The window length is also
user programmable.
If a system fails to update/refresh the watchdog due to an unknown and persistent cause,
it will be caught in an endless cycle of resets from the watchdog. To analyze the cause of
such conditions, you can program the watchdog to first issue an interrupt, followed by a
reset. In the interrupt service routine, the software can analyze the system stack to aid
debugging.
To enhance the independence of watchdog from the system, it runs off an independent
LPO oscillator clock. You can also switch over to an alternate clock source if required,
through a control register bit.
24.3.1 Unlocking and updating the watchdog
As long as ALLOW_UPDATE in the watchdog control register is set, you can unlock
and modify the write-once-only control and configuration registers:
1. Write 0xC520 followed by 0xD928 within 20 bus clock cycles to a specific unlock
register (WDOG_UNLOCK).
2. Wait one bus clock cycle. You cannot update registers on the bus clock cycle
immediately following the write of the unlock sequence.
3. An update window equal in length to the watchdog configuration time (WCT) opens.
Within this window, you can update the configuration and control register bits.
These register bits can be modified only once after unlocking.
If none of the configuration and control registers is updated within the update window,
the watchdog issues a reset, that is, interrupt-then-reset, to the system. Trying to unlock
the watchdog within the WCT after an initial unlock has no effect. During the update
operation, the watchdog timer is not paused and continues running in the background.
After the update window closes, the watchdog timer restarts and the watchdog functions
according to the new configuration.
The update feature is useful for applications that have an initial, non-safety critical part,
where the watchdog is kept disabled or with a conveniently long time-out period. This
means the application coder does not have to frequently service the watchdog. After the
critical part of the application begins, the watchdog can be reconfigured as needed.
The watchdog issues a reset, that is, interrupt-then-reset if enabled, to the system for any
of these invalid unlock sequences:
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• Write any value other than 0xC520 or 0xD928 to the unlock register.
• ALLOW_UPDATE is set and a gap of more than 20 bus clock cycles is inserted
between the writing of the unlock sequence values.
An attempted refresh operation between the two writes of the unlock sequence and in the
WCT time following a successful unlock, goes undetected. Also, see Watchdog
Operation with 8-bit access for guidelines related to 8-bit accesses to the unlock register.
Note
A context switch during unlocking and refreshing may lead to a
watchdog reset.
24.3.2 Watchdog configuration time (WCT)
To prevent unintended modification of the watchdog's control and configuration register
bits, you are allowed to update them only within a period of 256 bus clock cycles after
unlocking. This period is known as the watchdog configuration time (WCT). In addition,
these register bits can be modified only once after unlocking them for editing, even after
reset.
You must unlock the registers within WCT after system reset, failing which the WDOG
issues a reset to the system. In other words, you must write at least the first word of the
unlocking sequence within the WCT after reset. After this is done, you have a further 20
bus clock cycles, the maximum allowed gap between the words of the unlock sequence,
to complete the unlocking operation. Thereafter, to make sure that you do not forget to
configure the watchdog, the watchdog issues a reset if none of the WDOG control and
configuration registers is updated in the WCT after unlock. After the close of this
window or after the first write, these register bits are locked out from any further
changes.
The watchdog timer keeps running according to its default configuration through
unlocking and update operations that can extend up to a maximum total of 2xWCT + 20
bus clock cycles. Therefore, it must be ensured that the time-out value for the watchdog
is always greater than 2xWCT time + 20 bus clock cycles.
Updates in the write-once registers take effect only after the WCT window closes with
the following exceptions for which changes take effect immediately:
• Stop, Wait, and Debug mode enable
• IRQ_RST_EN
The operations of refreshing the watchdog goes undetected during the WCT.
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24.3.3 Refreshing the watchdog
A robust refreshing mechanism has been chosen for the watchdog. A valid refresh is a
write of 0xA602 followed by 0xB480 within 20 bus clock cycles to watchdog refresh
register. If these two values are written more than 20 bus cycles apart or if something
other than these two values is written to the register, a watchdog reset, or interrupt-then-
reset if enabled, is issued to the system. A valid refresh makes the watchdog timer restart
on the next bus clock. Also, an attempted unlock operation in between the two writes of
the refresh sequence goes undetected. See Watchdog Operation with 8-bit access for
guidelines related to 8-bit accesses to the refresh register.
24.3.4 Windowed mode of operation
In this mode of operation, a restriction is placed on the point in time within the time-out
period at which the watchdog can be refreshed. The refresh is considered valid only when
the watchdog timer increments beyond a certain count as specified by the watchdog
window register. This is known as refreshing the watchdog within a window of the total
time-out period. If a refresh is attempted before the timer reaches the window value, the
watchdog generates a reset, or interrupt-then-reset if enabled. If there is no refresh at all,
the watchdog times out and generates a reset or interrupt-then-reset if enabled.
24.3.5 Watchdog disabled mode of operation
When the watchdog is disabled through the WDOG_EN bit in the watchdog status and
control register, the watchdog timer is reset to zero and is disabled from counting until
you enable it or it is enabled again by the system reset. In this mode, the watchdog timer
cannot be refreshed–there is no requirement to do so while the timer is disabled.
However, the watchdog still generates a reset, or interrupt-then-reset if enabled, on a non-
time-out exception. See Generated Resets and Interrupts. You need to unlock the
watchdog before enabling it. A system reset brings the watchdog out of the disabled
mode.
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24.3.6 Debug modes of operation
You can program the watchdog to disable in debug modes through DBG_EN in the
watchdog control register. This results in the watchdog timer pausing for the duration of
the mode. Register read/writes are still allowed, which means that operations like refresh,
unlock, and so on are allowed. Upon exit from the mode, the timer resumes its operation
from the point of pausing.
The entry of the system into the mode does not excuse it from compulsorily configuring
the watchdog in the WCT time after unlock, unless the system bus clock is gated off, in
which case the internal state machine pauses too. Failing to do so still results in a reset, or
interrupt-then-reset, if enabled, to the system. Also, all of the exception conditions that
result in a reset to the system, as described in Generated Resets and Interrupts, are still
valid in mode. So, if an exception condition occurs and the system bus clock is on, a reset
occurs, or interrupt-then-reset, if enabled.
The entry into Debug mode within WCT after reset is treated differently. The WDOG
timer is kept reset to zero and there is no need to unlock and configure it within WCT.
You must not try to refresh or unlock the WDOG in this state or unknown behavior may
result. Upon exit from mode, the WDOG timer restarts and the WDOG has to be
unlocked and configured within WCT.
24.4 Testing the watchdog
For IEC 60730 and other safety standards, the expectation is that anything that monitors a
safety function must be tested, and this test is required to be fault tolerant. To test the
watchdog, its main timer and its associated compare and reset logic must be tested. To
this end, two tests are implemented for the watchdog, as described in Quick Test and
Byte Test. A control bit is provided to put the watchdog into functional test mode. There
is also an overriding test-disable control bit which allows the functional test mode to be
disabled permanently. After it is set, this test-disable bit can only be cleared by a reset.
These two tests achieve the overall aim of testing the counter functioning and the
compare and reset logic.
Note
Do not enable the watchdog interrupt during these tests. If
required, you must ensure that the effective time-out value is
greater than WCT time. See Generated Resets and Interrupts for
more details.
To run a particular test:
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1. Select either quick test or byte test..
2. Set a certain test mode bit to put the watchdog in the functional test mode. Setting
this bit automatically switches the watchdog timer to a fast clock source. The
switching of the clock source is done to achieve a faster time-out and hence a faster
test.
In a successful test, the timer times out after reaching the programmed time-out value and
generates a system reset.
Note
After emerging from a reset due to a watchdog test, unlock and
configure the watchdog. The refresh and unlock operations and
interrupt are not automatically disabled in the test mode.
24.4.1 Quick test
In this test, the time-out value of watchdog timer is programmed to a very low value to
achieve quick time-out. The only difference between the quick test and the normal mode
of the watchdog is that TESTWDOG is set for the quick test. This allows for a faster test
of the watchdog reset mechanism.
24.4.2 Byte test
The byte test is a more thorough a test of the watchdog timer. In this test, the timer is split
up into its constituent byte-wide stages that are run independently and tested for time-out
against the corresponding byte of the time-out value register. The following figure
explains the splitting concept:
Testing the watchdog
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CLK
WDOG
en
Mod = = Timer?
Test
32-bit Timer
Modulus Register
(Time-out Value)
WDOG
Reset
Nth Stage Overflow Enables N + 1th Stage
en en
Reset Value (Hardwired)
Byte
Stage 4
Equality Comparison
Byte 4
Byte 2
Byte 1 Byte 3
Byte
Stage 3
Byte
Stage 2
Byte
Stage 1
Figure 24-2. Watchdog timer byte splitting
Each stage is an 8-bit synchronous counter followed by combinational logic that
generates an overflow signal. The overflow signal acts as an enable to the N + 1th stage.
In the test mode, when an individual byte, N, is tested, byte N – 1 is loaded forcefully
with 0xFF, and both these bytes are allowed to run off the clock source. By doing so, the
overflow signal from stage N – 1 is generated immediately, enabling counter stage N.
The Nth stage runs and compares with the Nth byte of the time-out value register. In this
way, the byte N is also tested along with the link between it and the preceding stage. No
other stages, N – 2, N – 3... and N + 1, N + 2... are enabled for the test on byte N. These
disabled stages, except the most significant stage of the counter, are loaded with a value
of 0xFF.
24.5 Backup reset generator
The backup reset generator generates the final reset which goes out to the system. It has a
backup mechanism which ensures that in case the bus clock stops and prevents the main
state machine from generating a reset exception/interrupt, the watchdog timer's time-out
is separately routed out as a reset to the system. Two successive timer time-outs without
an intervening system reset result in the backup reset generator routing out the time-out
signal as a reset to the system.
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24.6 Generated resets and interrupts
The watchdog generates a reset in the following events, also referred to as exceptions:
• A watchdog time-out
• Failure to unlock the watchdog within WCT time after system reset deassertion
• No update of the control and configuration registers within the WCT window after
unlocking. At least one of the following registers must be written to within the WCT
window to avoid reset:
• WDOG_ST_CTRL_H, WDOG_ST_CTRL_L
• WDOG_TO_VAL_H, WDOG_TO_VAL_L
• WDOG_WIN_H, WDOG_WIN_L
• WDOG_PRESCALER
• A value other than the unlock sequence or the refresh sequence is written to the
unlock and/or refresh registers, respectively.
• A gap of more than 20 bus cycles exists between the writes of two values of the
unlock sequence.
• A gap of more than 20 bus cycles exists between the writes of two values of the
refresh sequence.
The watchdog can also generate an interrupt. If IRQ_RST_EN is set, then on the above
mentioned events WDOG_ST_CTRL_L[INT_FLG] is set, generating an interrupt. A
watchdog reset is also generated WCT time later to ensure the watchdog is fault tolerant.
The interrupt can be cleared by writing 1 to INT_FLG.
The gap of WCT between interrupt and reset means that the WDOG time-out value must
be greater than WCT. Otherwise, if the interrupt was generated due to a time-out, a
second consecutive time-out will occur in that WCT gap. This will trigger the backup
reset generator to generate a reset to the system, prematurely ending the interrupt service
routine execution. Also, jobs such as counting the number of watchdog resets would not
be done.
24.7 Memory map and register definition
This section consists of the memory map and register descriptions.
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WDOG memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4005_2000 Watchdog Status and Control Register High
(WDOG_STCTRLH) 16 R/W 01D3h 24.7.1/495
4005_2002 Watchdog Status and Control Register Low
(WDOG_STCTRLL) 16 R/W 0001h 24.7.2/497
4005_2004 Watchdog Time-out Value Register High (WDOG_TOVALH) 16 R/W 004Ch 24.7.3/497
4005_2006 Watchdog Time-out Value Register Low (WDOG_TOVALL) 16 R/W 4B4Ch 24.7.4/498
4005_2008 Watchdog Window Register High (WDOG_WINH) 16 R/W 0000h 24.7.5/498
4005_200A Watchdog Window Register Low (WDOG_WINL) 16 R/W 0010h 24.7.6/499
4005_200C Watchdog Refresh register (WDOG_REFRESH) 16 R/W B480h 24.7.7/499
4005_200E Watchdog Unlock register (WDOG_UNLOCK) 16 R/W D928h 24.7.8/499
4005_2010 Watchdog Timer Output Register High (WDOG_TMROUTH) 16 R/W 0000h 24.7.9/500
4005_2012 Watchdog Timer Output Register Low (WDOG_TMROUTL) 16 R/W 0000h 24.7.10/500
4005_2014 Watchdog Reset Count register (WDOG_RSTCNT) 16 R/W 0000h 24.7.11/501
4005_2016 Watchdog Prescaler register (WDOG_PRESC) 16 R/W 0400h 24.7.12/501
24.7.1 Watchdog Status and Control Register High
(WDOG_STCTRLH)
Address: 4005_2000h base + 0h offset = 4005_2000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0
DISTESTWDO
G
BYTESEL[1:0]
TESTSEL
TESTWDOG
0
Reserved
WAITEN
STOPEN
DBGEN
ALLOWUPDAT
E
WINEN
IRQRSTEN
CLKSRC
WDOGEN
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
WDOG_STCTRLH field descriptions
Field Description
15
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
14
DISTESTWDOG
Allows the WDOG’s functional test mode to be disabled permanently. After it is set, it can only be cleared
by a reset. It cannot be unlocked for editing after it is set.
0 WDOG functional test mode is not disabled.
1 WDOG functional test mode is disabled permanently until reset.
13–12
BYTESEL[1:0]
This 2-bit field selects the byte to be tested when the watchdog is in the byte test mode.
00 Byte 0 selected
01 Byte 1 selected
Table continues on the next page...
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WDOG_STCTRLH field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
10 Byte 2 selected
11 Byte 3 selected
11
TESTSEL
Effective only if TESTWDOG is set. Selects the test to be run on the watchdog timer.
0 Quick test. The timer runs in normal operation. You can load a small time-out value to do a quick test.
1 Byte test. Puts the timer in the byte test mode where individual bytes of the timer are enabled for
operation and are compared for time-out against the corresponding byte of the programmed time-out
value. Select the byte through BYTESEL[1:0] for testing.
10
TESTWDOG
Puts the watchdog in the functional test mode. In this mode, the watchdog timer and the associated
compare and reset generation logic is tested for correct operation. The clock for the timer is switched from
the main watchdog clock to the fast clock input for watchdog functional test. The TESTSEL bit selects the
test to be run.
9
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
7
WAITEN
Enables or disables WDOG in Wait mode.
0 WDOG is disabled in CPU Wait mode.
1 WDOG is enabled in CPU Wait mode.
6
STOPEN
Enables or disables WDOG in Stop mode.
0 WDOG is disabled in CPU Stop mode.
1 WDOG is enabled in CPU Stop mode.
5
DBGEN
Enables or disables WDOG in Debug mode.
0 WDOG is disabled in CPU Debug mode.
1 WDOG is enabled in CPU Debug mode.
4
ALLOWUPDATE
Enables updates to watchdog write-once registers, after the reset-triggered initial configuration window
(WCT) closes, through unlock sequence.
0 No further updates allowed to WDOG write-once registers.
1 WDOG write-once registers can be unlocked for updating.
3
WINEN
Enables Windowing mode.
0 Windowing mode is disabled.
1 Windowing mode is enabled.
2
IRQRSTEN
Used to enable the debug breadcrumbs feature. A change in this bit is updated immediately, as opposed
to updating after WCT.
0 WDOG time-out generates reset only.
1 WDOG time-out initially generates an interrupt. After WCT, it generates a reset.
1
CLKSRC
Selects clock source for the WDOG timer and other internal timing operations.
0 WDOG clock sourced from LPO .
1 WDOG clock sourced from alternate clock source.
0
WDOGEN
Enables or disables the WDOG’s operation. In the disabled state, the watchdog timer is kept in the reset
state, but the other exception conditions can still trigger a reset/interrupt. A change in the value of this bit
must be held for more than one WDOG_CLK cycle for the WDOG to be enabled or disabled.
Table continues on the next page...
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WDOG_STCTRLH field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 WDOG is disabled.
1 WDOG is enabled.
24.7.2 Watchdog Status and Control Register Low
(WDOG_STCTRLL)
Address: 4005_2000h base + 2h offset = 4005_2002h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Read INTFLG Reserved
Write
Reset 00000000
Bit 76543210
Read Reserved
Write
Reset 00000001
WDOG_STCTRLL field descriptions
Field Description
15
INTFLG
Interrupt flag. It is set when an exception occurs. IRQRSTEN = 1 is a precondition to set this flag. INTFLG
= 1 results in an interrupt being issued followed by a reset, WCT later. The interrupt can be cleared by
writing 1 to this bit. It also gets cleared on a system reset.
Reserved This field is reserved.
NOTE: Do not modify this field value.
24.7.3 Watchdog Time-out Value Register High (WDOG_TOVALH)
Address: 4005_2000h base + 4h offset = 4005_2004h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TOVALHIGH
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
WDOG_TOVALH field descriptions
Field Description
TOVALHIGH Defines the upper 16 bits of the 32-bit time-out value for the watchdog timer. It is defined in terms of cycles
of the watchdog clock.
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24.7.4 Watchdog Time-out Value Register Low (WDOG_TOVALL)
The time-out value of the watchdog must be set to a minimum of four watchdog clock
cycles. This is to take into account the delay in new settings taking effect in the watchdog
clock domain.
Address: 4005_2000h base + 6h offset = 4005_2006h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TOVALLOW
Write
Reset 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
WDOG_TOVALL field descriptions
Field Description
TOVALLOW Defines the lower 16 bits of the 32-bit time-out value for the watchdog timer. It is defined in terms of cycles
of the watchdog clock.
24.7.5 Watchdog Window Register High (WDOG_WINH)
NOTE
You must set the Window Register value lower than the Time-
out Value Register.
Address: 4005_2000h base + 8h offset = 4005_2008h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WINHIGH
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WDOG_WINH field descriptions
Field Description
WINHIGH Defines the upper 16 bits of the 32-bit window for the windowed mode of operation of the watchdog. It is
defined in terms of cycles of the watchdog clock. In this mode, the watchdog can be refreshed only when
the timer has reached a value greater than or equal to this window length. A refresh outside this window
resets the system or if IRQRSTEN is set, it interrupts and then resets the system.
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24.7.6 Watchdog Window Register Low (WDOG_WINL)
NOTE
You must set the Window Register value lower than the Time-
out Value Register.
Address: 4005_2000h base + Ah offset = 4005_200Ah
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WINLOW
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
WDOG_WINL field descriptions
Field Description
WINLOW Defines the lower 16 bits of the 32-bit window for the windowed mode of operation of the watchdog. It is
defined in terms of cycles of the pre-scaled watchdog clock. In this mode, the watchdog can be refreshed
only when the timer reaches a value greater than or equal to this window length value. A refresh outside of
this window resets the system or if IRQRSTEN is set, it interrupts and then resets the system.
24.7.7 Watchdog Refresh register (WDOG_REFRESH)
Address: 4005_2000h base + Ch offset = 4005_200Ch
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WDOGREFRESH
Write
Reset 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WDOG_REFRESH field descriptions
Field Description
WDOGREFRESH Watchdog refresh register. A sequence of 0xA602 followed by 0xB480 within 20 bus clock cycles written
to this register refreshes the WDOG and prevents it from resetting the system. Writing a value other than
the above mentioned sequence or if the sequence is longer than 20 bus cycles, resets the system, or if
IRQRSTEN is set, it interrupts and then resets the system.
24.7.8 Watchdog Unlock register (WDOG_UNLOCK)
Address: 4005_2000h base + Eh offset = 4005_200Eh
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WDOGUNLOCK
Write
Reset 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
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WDOG_UNLOCK field descriptions
Field Description
WDOGUNLOCK Writing the unlock sequence values to this register to makes the watchdog write-once registers writable
again. The required unlock sequence is 0xC520 followed by 0xD928 within 20 bus clock cycles. A valid
unlock sequence opens a window equal in length to the WCT within which you can update the registers.
Writing a value other than the above mentioned sequence or if the sequence is longer than 20 bus cycles,
resets the system or if IRQRSTEN is set, it interrupts and then resets the system. The unlock sequence is
effective only if ALLOWUPDATE is set.
24.7.9 Watchdog Timer Output Register High (WDOG_TMROUTH)
Address: 4005_2000h base + 10h offset = 4005_2010h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TIMEROUTHIGH
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WDOG_TMROUTH field descriptions
Field Description
TIMEROUTHIGH Shows the value of the upper 16 bits of the watchdog timer.
24.7.10 Watchdog Timer Output Register Low (WDOG_TMROUTL)
During Stop mode, the WDOG_TIMER_OUT will be caught at the pre-stop value of the
watchdog timer. After exiting Stop mode, a maximum delay of 1 WDOG_CLK cycle + 3
bus clock cycles will occur before the WDOG_TIMER_OUT starts following the
watchdog timer.
Address: 4005_2000h base + 12h offset = 4005_2012h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TIMEROUTLOW
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WDOG_TMROUTL field descriptions
Field Description
TIMEROUTLOW Shows the value of the lower 16 bits of the watchdog timer.
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24.7.11 Watchdog Reset Count register (WDOG_RSTCNT)
Address: 4005_2000h base + 14h offset = 4005_2014h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read RSTCNT
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WDOG_RSTCNT field descriptions
Field Description
RSTCNT Counts the number of times the watchdog resets the system. This register is reset only on a POR. Writing
1 to the bit to be cleared enables you to clear the contents of this register.
24.7.12 Watchdog Prescaler register (WDOG_PRESC)
Address: 4005_2000h base + 16h offset = 4005_2016h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 PRESCVAL 0
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WDOG_PRESC field descriptions
Field Description
15–11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
10–8
PRESCVAL
3-bit prescaler for the watchdog clock source. A value of zero indicates no division of the input WDOG
clock. The watchdog clock is divided by (PRESCVAL + 1) to provide the prescaled WDOG_CLK.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
24.8 Watchdog operation with 8-bit access
24.8.1 General guideline
When performing 8-bit accesses to the watchdog's 16-bit registers where the intention is
to access both the bytes of a register, place the two 8-bit accesses one after the other in
your code.
Chapter 24 Watchdog Timer (WDOG)
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24.8.2 Refresh and unlock operations with 8-bit access
One exception condition that generates a reset to the system is the write of any value
other than those required for a legal refresh/update sequence to the respective refresh and
unlock registers.
For an 8-bit access to these registers, writing a correct value requires at least two bus
clock cycles, resulting in an invalid value in the registers for one cycle. Therefore, the
system is reset even if the intention is to write a correct value to the refresh/unlock
register. Keeping this in mind, the exception condition for 8-bit accesses is slightly
modified.
Whereas the match for a correct value for a refresh/unlock sequence is as according to the
original definition, the match for an incorrect value is done byte-wise on the refresh/
unlock rather than for the whole 16-bit value. This means that if the high byte of the
refresh/unlock register contains any value other than high bytes of the two values that
make up the sequence, it is treated as an exception condition, leading to a reset or
interrupt-then-reset. The same holds true for the lower byte of the refresh or unlock
register. Take the refresh operation that expects a write of 0xA602 followed by 0xB480
to the refresh register, as an example.
Table 24-1. Refresh for 8-bit access
WDOG_REFRESH[15:8] WDOG_REFRESH[7:0] Sequence value1 or
value2 match
Mismatch
exception
Current Value 0xB4 0x80 Value2 match No
Write 1 0xB4 0x02 No match No
Write 2 0xA6 0x02 Value1 match No
Write 3 0xB4 0x02 No match No
Write 4 0xB4 0x80 Value2 match.
Sequence complete.
No
Write 5 0x02 0x80 No match Yes
As shown in the preceding table, the refresh register holds its reset value initially.
Thereafter, two 8-bit accesses are performed on the register to write the first value of the
refresh sequence. No mismatch exception is registered on the intermediate write, Write1.
The sequence is completed by performing two more 8-bit accesses, writing in the second
value of the sequence for a successful refresh. It must be noted that the match of value2
takes place only when the complete 16-bit value is correctly written, write4. Hence, the
requirement of writing value2 of the sequence within 20 bus clock cycles of value1 is
checked by measuring the gap between write2 and write4.
Watchdog operation with 8-bit access
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It is reiterated that the condition for matching values 1 and 2 of the refresh or unlock
sequence remains unchanged. The difference for 8-bit accesses is that the criterion for
detecting a mismatch is less strict. Any 16-bit access still needs to adhere to the original
guidelines, mentioned in the sections Refreshing the Watchdog.
24.9 Restrictions on watchdog operation
This section mentions some exceptions to the watchdog operation that may not be
apparent to you.
• Restriction on unlock/refresh operations—In the period between the closure of the
WCT window after unlock and the actual reload of the watchdog timer, unlock and
refresh operations need not be attempted.
• The update and reload of the watchdog timer happens two to three watchdog clocks
after WCT window closes, following a successful configuration on unlock.
• Clock Switching Delay—The watchdog uses glitch-free multiplexers at two places –
one to choose between the LPO oscillator input and alternate clock input, and the
other to choose between the watchdog functional clock and fast clock input for
watchdog functional test. A maximum time period of ~2 clock A cycles plus ~2
clock B cycles elapses from the time a switch is requested to the occurrence of the
actual clock switch, where clock A and B are the two input clocks to the clock mux.
• For the windowed mode, there is a two to three bus clock latency between the
watchdog counter going past the window value and the same registering in the bus
clock domain.
• For proper operation of the watchdog, the watchdog clock must be at least five times
slower than the system bus clock at all times. An exception is when the watchdog
clock is synchronous to the bus clock wherein the watchdog clock can be as fast as
the bus clock.
• WCT must be equivalent to at least three watchdog clock cycles. If not ensured, this
means that even after the close of the WCT window, you have to wait for the
synchronized system reset to deassert in the watchdog clock domain, before
expecting the configuration updates to take effect.
• The time-out value of the watchdog should be set to a minimum of four watchdog
clock cycles. This is to take into account the delay in new settings taking effect in the
watchdog clock domain.
Chapter 24 Watchdog Timer (WDOG)
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• You must take care not only to refresh the watchdog within the watchdog timer's
actual time-out period, but also provide enough allowance for the time it takes for the
refresh sequence to be detected by the watchdog timer, on the watchdog clock.
• Updates cannot be made in the bus clock cycle immediately following the write of
the unlock sequence, but one bus clock cycle later.
• It should be ensured that the time-out value for the watchdog is always greater than
2xWCT time + 20 bus clock cycles.
• An attempted refresh operation, in between the two writes of the unlock sequence
and in the WCT time following a successful unlock, will go undetected.
• Trying to unlock the watchdog within the WCT time after an initial unlock has no
effect.
• The refresh and unlock operations and interrupt are not automatically disabled in the
watchdog functional test mode.
• After emerging from a reset due to a watchdog functional test, you are still expected
to go through the mandatory steps of unlocking and configuring the watchdog. The
watchdog continues to be in its functional test mode and therefore you should pull
the watchdog out of the functional test mode within WCT time of reset.
• After emerging from a reset due to a watchdog functional test, you still need to go
through the mandatory steps of unlocking and configuring the watchdog.
• You must ensure that both the clock inputs to the glitchless clock multiplexers are
alive during the switching of clocks. Failure to do so results in a loss of clock at their
outputs.
• There is a gap of two to three watchdog clock cycles from the point that stop mode is
entered to the watchdog timer actually pausing, due to synchronization. The same
holds true for an exit from the stop mode, this time resulting in a two to three
watchdog clock cycle delay in the timer restarting. In case the duration of the stop
mode is less than one watchdog clock cycle, the watchdog timer is not guaranteed to
pause.
• Consider the case when the first refresh value is written, following which the system
enters stop mode with system bus clk still on. If the second refresh value is not
written within 20 bus cycles of the first value, the system is reset, or interrupt-then-
reset if enabled.
Restrictions on watchdog operation
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Chapter 25
Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG)
25.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The multipurpose clock generator (MCG) module provides several clock source choices
for the MCU.
The module contains a frequency-locked loop (FLL). The FLL is controllable by either
an internal or an external reference clock. The module can select either an FLL output
clock, or a reference clock (internal or external) as a source for the MCU system clock.
The MCG operates in conjuction with a crystal oscillator, which allows an external
crystal, ceramic resonator, or another external clock source to produce the external
reference clock.
25.1.1 Features
Key features of the MCG module are:
• Frequency-locked loop (FLL):
• Digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO)
• DCO frequency range is programmable for up to four different frequency ranges.
• Option to program and maximize DCO output frequency for a low frequency
external reference clock source.
• Option to prevent FLL from resetting its current locked frequency when
switching clock modes if FLL reference frequency is not changed.
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• Internal or external reference clock can be used as the FLL source.
• Can be used as a clock source for other on-chip peripherals.
• Internal reference clock generator:
• Slow clock with nine trim bits for accuracy
• Fast clock with four trim bits
• Can be used as source clock for the FLL. In FEI mode, only the slow Internal
Reference Clock (IRC) can be used as the FLL source.
• Either the slow or the fast clock can be selected as the clock source for the MCU.
• Can be used as a clock source for other on-chip peripherals.
• Control signals for the MCG external reference low power oscillator clock generators
are provided:
• HGO, RANGE, EREFS
• External clock from the Crystal Oscillator :
• Can be used as a source for the FLL.
• Can be selected as the clock source for the MCU.
• External clock from the Real Time Counter (RTC):
• Can be used as a source for the FLL only.
• Can be selected as the clock source for the MCU.
• External clock monitor with reset and interrupt request capability to check for
external clock failure when running in FBE, BLPE, or FEE modes
• Internal Reference Clocks Auto Trim Machine (ATM) capability using an external
clock as a reference
• Reference dividers for the FLL are provided
• Reference dividers for the Fast Internal Reference Clock are provided
• MCG FLL Clock (MCGFLLCLK) is provided as a clock source for other on-chip
peripherals
Introduction
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• MCG Fixed Frequency Clock (MCGFFCLK) is provided as a clock source for other
on-chip peripherals
• MCG Internal Reference Clock (MCGIRCLK) is provided as a clock source for other
on-chip peripherals
This figure presents the block diagram of the MCG module.
MCGOUTCLK
MCGIRCLK
MCGFFCLK
DCOOUT
Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG)
Clock
Monitor
IRCLKEN
/ 25
ATMF
FLL
DMX32
MCGFLLCLK
FRDIV
n=0-7
/ 2n
Internal
Reference Slow Clock
Fast Clock
Clock
Generator
Sync
Auto Trim
Machine ATMS
SCTRIM
SCFTRIM
FCTRIM
IREFSTEN
External
DRS
/ 2
Clock Valid
Peripheral
BUSCLK
IRCSCLK
IRCS CLKSCLKS
DCO
LP
Filter
IREFS
STOP
CLKS
IREFS
MCG Crystal Oscillator
Enable Detect
n=0-7
/ 2n
Oscillator
(OSC0)
Oscillator
(OSC2)
OSCSEL
OSCINIT
EREFS
HGO
RANGE
FLTPRSRV
LOCRE0
LOCRE1
LOCS0
LOCS1
CME1
OSCSELCLK
RANGE
CME0
Oscillator
(OSC1)
Figure 25-1. Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG) block diagram
NOTE
Refer to the chip configuration chapter to identify the oscillator
used in this MCU.
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25.1.2 Modes of Operation
The MCG has the following modes of operation: FEI, FEE, FBI, FBE, BLPI, BLPE, and
Stop. For details, see MCG modes of operation.
25.2 External Signal Description
There are no MCG signals that connect off chip.
25.3 Memory Map/Register Definition
This section includes the memory map and register definition.
The MCG registers can only be written when in supervisor mode. Write accesses when in
user mode will result in a bus error. Read accesses may be performed in both supervisor
and user mode.
MCG memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_4000 MCG Control 1 Register (MCG_C1) 8 R/W 04h 25.3.1/509
4006_4001 MCG Control 2 Register (MCG_C2) 8 R/W See section 25.3.2/510
4006_4002 MCG Control 3 Register (MCG_C3) 8 R/W Undefined 25.3.3/511
4006_4003 MCG Control 4 Register (MCG_C4) 8 R/W See section 25.3.4/512
4006_4004 MCG Control 5 Register (MCG_C5) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.5/513
4006_4005 MCG Control 6 Register (MCG_C6) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.5/513
4006_4006 MCG Status Register (MCG_S) 8 R 10h 25.3.6/514
4006_4008 MCG Status and Control Register (MCG_SC) 8 R/W 02h 25.3.7/515
4006_400A MCG Auto Trim Compare Value High Register
(MCG_ATCVH) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.8/516
4006_400B MCG Auto Trim Compare Value Low Register
(MCG_ATCVL) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.9/517
4006_400C MCG Control 7 Register (MCG_C7) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.10/
517
4006_400D MCG Control 8 Register (MCG_C8) 8 R/W See section 25.3.11/
518
4006_4011 MCG Control 12 Register (MCG_C12) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.12/
519
4006_4012 MCG Status 2 Register (MCG_S2) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.12/
519
4006_4013 MCG Test 3 Register (MCG_T3) 8 R/W 00h 25.3.12/
519
External Signal Description
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25.3.1 MCG Control 1 Register (MCG_C1)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 0h offset = 4006_4000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CLKS FRDIV IREFS IRCLKEN IREFSTEN
Write
Reset 00000100
MCG_C1 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
CLKS
Clock Source Select
Selects the clock source for MCGOUTCLK .
00 Encoding 0 — Output of FLL is selected.
01 Encoding 1 — Internal reference clock is selected.
10 Encoding 2 — External reference clock is selected.
11 Encoding 3 — Reserved.
5–3
FRDIV
FLL External Reference Divider
Selects the amount to divide down the external reference clock for the FLL. The resulting frequency must
be in the range 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz (This is required when FLL/DCO is the clock source for
MCGOUTCLK . In FBE mode, it is not required to meet this range, but it is recommended in the cases
when trying to enter a FLL mode from FBE).
000 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 1; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is 32.
001 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 2; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is 64.
010 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 4; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is 128.
011 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 8; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is 256.
100 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 16; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is 512.
101 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 32; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is
1024.
110 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 64; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is
1280 .
111 If RANGE = 0 or OSCSEL=1 , Divide Factor is 128; for all other RANGE values, Divide Factor is
1536 .
2
IREFS
Internal Reference Select
Selects the reference clock source for the FLL.
0 External reference clock is selected.
1 The slow internal reference clock is selected.
1
IRCLKEN
Internal Reference Clock Enable
Enables the internal reference clock for use as MCGIRCLK.
0 MCGIRCLK inactive.
1 MCGIRCLK active.
0
IREFSTEN
Internal Reference Stop Enable
Controls whether or not the internal reference clock remains enabled when the MCG enters Stop mode.
Table continues on the next page...
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MCG_C1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Internal reference clock is disabled in Stop mode.
1 Internal reference clock is enabled in Stop mode if IRCLKEN is set or if MCG is in FEI, FBI, or BLPI
modes before entering Stop mode.
25.3.2 MCG Control 2 Register (MCG_C2)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 1h offset = 4006_4001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LOCRE0 FCFTRIM RANGE HGO EREFS LP IRCS
Write
Reset 1 x* 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
MCG_C2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
LOCRE0
Loss of Clock Reset Enable
Determines whether an interrupt or a reset request is made following a loss of OSC0 external reference
clock. The LOCRE0 only has an affect when CME0 is set.
0 Interrupt request is generated on a loss of OSC0 external reference clock.
1 Generate a reset request on a loss of OSC0 external reference clock.
6
FCFTRIM
Fast Internal Reference Clock Fine Trim
FCFTRIM1 controls the smallest adjustment of the fast internal reference clock frequency. Setting
FCFTRIM increases the period and clearing FCFTRIM decreases the period by the smallest amount
possible.
If an FCFTRIM value stored in nonvolatile memory is to be used, it is your responsibility to copy that value
from the nonvolatile memory location to this bit.
5–4
RANGE
Frequency Range Select
Selects the frequency range for the crystal oscillator or external clock source. See the Oscillator (OSC)
chapter for more details and the device data sheet for the frequency ranges used.
00 Encoding 0 — Low frequency range selected for the crystal oscillator .
01 Encoding 1 — High frequency range selected for the crystal oscillator .
1X Encoding 2 — Very high frequency range selected for the crystal oscillator .
3
HGO
High Gain Oscillator Select
Controls the crystal oscillator mode of operation. See the Oscillator (OSC) chapter for more details.
0 Configure crystal oscillator for low-power operation.
1 Configure crystal oscillator for high-gain operation.
2
EREFS
External Reference Select
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MCG_C2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Selects the source for the external reference clock. See the Oscillator (OSC) chapter for more details.
0 External reference clock requested.
1 Oscillator requested.
1
LP
Low Power Select
Controls whether the FLL is disabled in BLPI and BLPE modes. In FBE mode, setting this bit to 1 will
transition the MCG into BLPE mode; in FBI mode, setting this bit to 1 will transition the MCG into BLPI
mode. In any other MCG mode, LP bit has no affect.
0 FLL is not disabled in bypass modes.
1 FLL is disabled in bypass modes (lower power)
0
IRCS
Internal Reference Clock Select
Selects between the fast or slow internal reference clock source.
0 Slow internal reference clock selected.
1 Fast internal reference clock selected.
1. A value for FCFTRIM is loaded during reset from a factory programmed location.
25.3.3 MCG Control 3 Register (MCG_C3)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 2h offset = 4006_4002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SCTRIM
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
MCG_C3 field descriptions
Field Description
SCTRIM Slow Internal Reference Clock Trim Setting
SCTRIM 1 controls the slow internal reference clock frequency by controlling the slow internal reference
clock period. The SCTRIM bits are binary weighted, that is, bit 1 adjusts twice as much as bit 0. Increasing
the binary value increases the period, and decreasing the value decreases the period.
An additional fine trim bit is available in C4 register as the SCFTRIM bit. Upon reset, this value is loaded
with a factory trim value.
If an SCTRIM value stored in nonvolatile memory is to be used, it is your responsibility to copy that value
from the nonvolatile memory location to this register.
1. A value for SCTRIM is loaded during reset from a factory programmed location.
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25.3.4 MCG Control 4 Register (MCG_C4)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 3h offset = 4006_4003h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DMX32 DRST_DRS FCTRIM SCFTRIM
Write
Reset 0 0 0 x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
MCG_C4 field descriptions
Field Description
7
DMX32
DCO Maximum Frequency with 32.768 kHz Reference
The DMX32 bit controls whether the DCO frequency range is narrowed to its maximum frequency with a
32.768 kHz reference.
The following table identifies settings for the DCO frequency range.
NOTE: The system clocks derived from this source should not exceed their specified maximums.
DRST_DRS DMX32 Reference Range FLL Factor DCO Range
00 0 31.25–39.0625 kHz 640 20–25 MHz
1 32.768 kHz 732 24 MHz
01 0 31.25–39.0625 kHz 1280 40–50 MHz
1 32.768 kHz 1464 48 MHz
10 0 31.25–39.0625 kHz 1920 60–75 MHz
1 32.768 kHz 2197 72 MHz
11 0 31.25–39.0625 kHz 2560 80–100 MHz
1 32.768 kHz 2929 96 MHz
0 DCO has a default range of 25%.
1 DCO is fine-tuned for maximum frequency with 32.768 kHz reference.
6–5
DRST_DRS
DCO Range Select
The DRS bits select the frequency range for the FLL output, DCOOUT. When the LP bit is set, writes to
the DRS bits are ignored. The DRST read field indicates the current frequency range for DCOOUT. The
DRST field does not update immediately after a write to the DRS field due to internal synchronization
between clock domains. See the DCO Frequency Range table for more details.
00 Encoding 0 — Low range (reset default).
01 Encoding 1 — Mid range.
10 Encoding 2 — Mid-high range.
11 Encoding 3 — High range.
4–1
FCTRIM
Fast Internal Reference Clock Trim Setting
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MCG_C4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
FCTRIM 1 controls the fast internal reference clock frequency by controlling the fast internal reference
clock period. The FCTRIM bits are binary weighted, that is, bit 1 adjusts twice as much as bit 0. Increasing
the binary value increases the period, and decreasing the value decreases the period.
If an FCTRIM[3:0] value stored in nonvolatile memory is to be used, it is your responsibility to copy that
value from the nonvolatile memory location to this register.
0
SCFTRIM
Slow Internal Reference Clock Fine Trim
SCFTRIM 2 controls the smallest adjustment of the slow internal reference clock frequency. Setting
SCFTRIM increases the period and clearing SCFTRIM decreases the period by the smallest amount
possible.
If an SCFTRIM value stored in nonvolatile memory is to be used, it is your responsibility to copy that value
from the nonvolatile memory location to this bit.
1. A value for FCTRIM is loaded during reset from a factory programmed location.
2. A value for SCFTRIM is loaded during reset from a factory programmed location.
25.3.5 MCG Control 5 Register (MCG_C5)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 4h offset = 4006_4004h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_C5 field descriptions
Field Description
Reserved Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25.3.5 MCG Control 6 Register (MCG_C6)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 5h offset = 4006_4005h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 CME0 0
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_C6 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
Reserved
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Table continues on the next page...
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MCG_C6 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
CME0
Clock Monitor Enable
Determines if an interrupt or a reset request (see MCG_C2[LOCRE0]) is made following a loss of external
clock indication. The CME0 bit should only be set to a logic 1 when the MCG is in an operational mode
that uses the external clock (FEE, FBE, or BLPE). Whenever the CME0 bit is set to a logic 1, the value of
the RANGE bits in the C2 register should not be changed. CME0 bit should be set to a logic 0 before the
MCG enters any Stop mode. Otherwise, a reset request may occur when in Stop mode. CME0 should also
be set to a logic 0 before entering VLPR or VLPW power modes if the MCG is in BLPE mode.
0 External clock monitor is disabled.
1 Generate an interrupt or a reset request (see MCG_C2[LOCRE0]) on loss of external clock.
Reserved Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25.3.6 MCG Status Register (MCG_S)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 6h offset = 4006_4006h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 IREFST CLKST OSCINIT0 IRCST
Write
Reset 00010000
MCG_S field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
IREFST
Internal Reference Status
This bit indicates the current source for the FLL reference clock. The IREFST bit does not update
immediately after a write to the IREFS bit due to internal synchronization between clock domains.
0 Source of FLL reference clock is the external reference clock.
1 Source of FLL reference clock is the internal reference clock.
3–2
CLKST
Clock Mode Status
These bits indicate the current clock mode. The CLKST bits do not update immediately after a write to the
CLKS bits due to internal synchronization between clock domains.
00 Encoding 0 — Output of the FLL is selected (reset default).
01 Encoding 1 — Internal reference clock is selected.
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MCG_S field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
10 Encoding 2 — External reference clock is selected.
11 Reserved.
1
OSCINIT0
OSC Initialization
This bit, which resets to 0, is set to 1 after the initialization cycles of the crystal oscillator clock have
completed. After being set, the bit is cleared to 0 if the OSC is subsequently disabled. See the OSC
module's detailed description for more information.
0
IRCST
Internal Reference Clock Status
The IRCST bit indicates the current source for the internal reference clock select clock (IRCSCLK). The
IRCST bit does not update immediately after a write to the IRCS bit due to internal synchronization
between clock domains. The IRCST bit will only be updated if the internal reference clock is enabled,
either by the MCG being in a mode that uses the IRC or by setting the C1[IRCLKEN] bit .
0 Source of internal reference clock is the slow clock (32 kHz IRC).
1 Source of internal reference clock is the fast clock (4 MHz IRC).
25.3.7 MCG Status and Control Register (MCG_SC)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 8h offset = 4006_4008h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ATME ATMS ATMF FLTPRSRV FCRDIV LOCS0
Write w1c w1c
Reset 00000010
MCG_SC field descriptions
Field Description
7
ATME
Automatic Trim Machine Enable
Enables the Auto Trim Machine to start automatically trimming the selected Internal Reference Clock.
NOTE: ATME deasserts after the Auto Trim Machine has completed trimming all trim bits of the IRCS
clock selected by the ATMS bit.
Writing to C1, C3, C4, and SC registers or entering Stop mode aborts the auto trim operation and clears
this bit.
0 Auto Trim Machine disabled.
1 Auto Trim Machine enabled.
6
ATMS
Automatic Trim Machine Select
Selects the IRCS clock for Auto Trim Test.
0 32 kHz Internal Reference Clock selected.
1 4 MHz Internal Reference Clock selected.
5
ATMF
Automatic Trim Machine Fail Flag
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MCG_SC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Fail flag for the Automatic Trim Machine (ATM). This bit asserts when the Automatic Trim Machine is
enabled, ATME=1, and a write to the C1, C3, C4, and SC registers is detected or the MCG enters into any
Stop mode. A write to ATMF clears the flag.
0 Automatic Trim Machine completed normally.
1 Automatic Trim Machine failed.
4
FLTPRSRV
FLL Filter Preserve Enable
This bit will prevent the FLL filter values from resetting allowing the FLL output frequency to remain the
same during clock mode changes where the FLL/DCO output is still valid. (Note: This requires that the
FLL reference frequency to remain the same as what it was prior to the new clock mode switch. Otherwise
FLL filter and frequency values will change.)
0 FLL filter and FLL frequency will reset on changes to currect clock mode.
1 Fll filter and FLL frequency retain their previous values during new clock mode change.
3–1
FCRDIV
Fast Clock Internal Reference Divider
Selects the amount to divide down the fast internal reference clock. The resulting frequency will be in the
range 31.25 kHz to 4 MHz (Note: Changing the divider when the Fast IRC is enabled is not supported).
000 Divide Factor is 1
001 Divide Factor is 2.
010 Divide Factor is 4.
011 Divide Factor is 8.
100 Divide Factor is 16
101 Divide Factor is 32
110 Divide Factor is 64
111 Divide Factor is 128.
0
LOCS0
OSC0 Loss of Clock Status
The LOCS0 indicates when a loss of OSC0 reference clock has occurred. The LOCS0 bit only has an
effect when CME0 is set. This bit is cleared by writing a logic 1 to it when set.
0 Loss of OSC0 has not occurred.
1 Loss of OSC0 has occurred.
25.3.8 MCG Auto Trim Compare Value High Register (MCG_ATCVH)
Address: 4006_4000h base + Ah offset = 4006_400Ah
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ATCVH
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_ATCVH field descriptions
Field Description
ATCVH ATM Compare Value High
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MCG_ATCVH field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Values are used by Auto Trim Machine to compare and adjust Internal Reference trim values during ATM
SAR conversion.
25.3.9 MCG Auto Trim Compare Value Low Register (MCG_ATCVL)
Address: 4006_4000h base + Bh offset = 4006_400Bh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ATCVL
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_ATCVL field descriptions
Field Description
ATCVL ATM Compare Value Low
Values are used by Auto Trim Machine to compare and adjust Internal Reference trim values during ATM
SAR conversion.
25.3.10 MCG Control 7 Register (MCG_C7)
Address: 4006_4000h base + Ch offset = 4006_400Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 OSCSEL
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_C7 field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5–2
Reserved
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
OSCSEL MCG OSC Clock Select
Selects the MCG FLL external reference clock
NOTE: The OSCSEL field can’t be changed during MCG modes (like PBE), when external clock is
serving as the clock source for MCG.
00 Selects Oscillator (OSCCLK0).
01 Selects 32 kHz RTC Oscillator.
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MCG_C7 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
10 Selects Oscillator (OSCCLK1).
11 RESERVED
25.3.11 MCG Control 8 Register (MCG_C8)
Address: 4006_4000h base + Dh offset = 4006_400Dh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LOCRE1 0CME1 0 LOCS1
Write w1c
Reset 10000000
MCG_C8 field descriptions
Field Description
7
LOCRE1
Loss of Clock Reset Enable
Determines if a interrupt or a reset request is made following a loss of RTC external reference clock. The
LOCRE1 only has an affect when CME1 is set.
0 Interrupt request is generated on a loss of RTC external reference clock.
1 Generate a reset request on a loss of RTC external reference clock
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
CME1
Clock Monitor Enable1
Enables the loss of clock monitoring circuit for the output of the RTC external reference clock. The
LOCRE1 bit will determine whether an interrupt or a reset request is generated following a loss of RTC
clock indication. The CME1 bit should be set to a logic 1 when the MCG is in an operational mode that
uses the RTC as its external reference clock or if the RTC is operational. CME1 bit must be set to a logic 0
before the MCG enters any Stop mode. Otherwise, a reset request may occur when in Stop mode. CME1
should also be set to a logic 0 before entering VLPR or VLPW power modes.
0 External clock monitor is disabled for RTC clock.
1 External clock monitor is enabled for RTC clock.
4–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
LOCS1
RTC Loss of Clock Status
This bit indicates when a loss of clock has occurred. This bit is cleared by writing a logic 1 to it when set.
0 Loss of RTC has not occur.
1 Loss of RTC has occur
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25.3.12 MCG Control 12 Register (MCG_C12)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 11h offset = 4006_4011h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_C12 field descriptions
Field Description
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25.3.12 MCG Status 2 Register (MCG_S2)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 12h offset = 4006_4012h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_S2 field descriptions
Field Description
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25.3.12 MCG Test 3 Register (MCG_T3)
Address: 4006_4000h base + 13h offset = 4006_4013h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0
Write
Reset 00000000
MCG_T3 field descriptions
Field Description
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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25.4 Functional description
25.4.1 MCG mode state diagram
The seven states of the MCG are shown in the following figure and are described in
Table 25-1. The arrows indicate the permitted MCG mode transitions.
FEEFEI
Reset
BLPI
FBI FBE
BLPE
Stop
Returns to the state that was active before
the MCU entered Stop mode, unless a
reset occurs while in Stop mode.
Entered from any state when
the MCU enters Stop mode
Figure 25-2. MCG mode state diagram
25.4.1.1 MCG modes of operation
The MCG operates in one of the following modes.
Note
The MCG restricts transitions between modes. For the
permitted transitions, see Figure 25-2.
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Table 25-1. MCG modes of operation
Mode Description
FLL Engaged Internal
(FEI)
FLL engaged internal (FEI) is the default mode of operation and is entered when all the following
condtions occur:
• 00 is written to C1[CLKS].
• 1 is written to C1[IREFS].
In FEI mode, MCGOUTCLK is derived from the FLL clock (DCOCLK) that is controlled by the 32
kHz Internal Reference Clock (IRC). The FLL loop will lock the DCO frequency to the FLL factor, as
selected by C4[DRST_DRS] and C4[DMX32] bits, times the internal reference frequency. See the
C4[DMX32] bit description for more details.
FLL Engaged External
(FEE)
FLL engaged external (FEE) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur:
• 00 is written to C1[CLKS].
• 0 is written to C1[IREFS].
• C1[FRDIV] must be written to divide external reference clock to be within the range of 31.25
kHz to 39.0625 kHz
In FEE mode, MCGOUTCLK is derived from the FLL clock (DCOCLK) that is controlled by the
external reference clock. The FLL loop will lock the DCO frequency to the FLL factor, as selected by
C4[DRST_DRS] and C4[DMX32] bits, times the external reference frequency, as specified by
C1[FRDIV] and C2[RANGE]. See the C4[DMX32] bit description for more details.
FLL Bypassed Internal
(FBI)
FLL bypassed internal (FBI) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur:
• 01 is written to C1[CLKS].
• 1 is written to C1[IREFS].
• 0 is written to C2[LP].
In FBI mode, the MCGOUTCLK is derived either from the slow (32 kHz IRC) or fast (4 MHz IRC)
internal reference clock, as selected by the C2[IRCS] bit. The FLL is operational but its output is not
used. This mode is useful to allow the FLL to acquire its target frequency while the MCGOUTCLK is
driven from the C2[IRCS] selected internal reference clock. The FLL clock (DCOCLK) is controlled
by the slow internal reference clock, and the DCO clock frequency locks to a multiplication factor, as
selected by C4[DRST_DRS] and C4[DMX32] bits, times the internal reference frequency. See the
C4[DMX32] bit description for more details.
FLL Bypassed External
(FBE)
FLL bypassed external (FBE) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur:
• 10 is written to C1[CLKS].
• 0 is written to C1[IREFS].
• C1[FRDIV] must be written to divide external reference clock to be within the range of 31.25
kHz to 39.0625 kHz.
• 0 is written to C2[LP].
In FBE mode, the MCGOUTCLK is derived from the OSCSEL external reference clock. The FLL is
operational but its output is not used. This mode is useful to allow the FLL to acquire its target
frequency while the MCGOUTCLK is driven from the external reference clock. The FLL clock
(DCOCLK) is controlled by the external reference clock, and the DCO clock frequency locks to a
multiplication factor, as selected by C4[DRST_DRS] and C4[DMX32] bits, times the divided external
reference frequency. See the C4[DMX32] bit description for more details.
Bypassed Low Power
Internal (BLPI) 1Bypassed Low Power Internal (BLPI) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur:
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Table 25-1. MCG modes of operation (continued)
Mode Description
• 01 is written to C1[CLKS].
• 1 is written to C1[IREFS].
• 1 is written to C2[LP].
In BLPI mode, MCGOUTCLK is derived from the internal reference clock. The FLL is disabled
Bypassed Low Power
External (BLPE) 1Bypassed Low Power External (BLPE) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur:
• 10 is written to C1[CLKS].
• 0 is written to C1[IREFS].
• 1 is written to C2[LP].
In BLPE mode, MCGOUTCLK is derived from the OSCSEL external reference clock. The FLL is
disabled
Stop Entered whenever the MCU enters a Stop state. The power modes are chip specific. For power
mode assignments, see the chapter that describes how modules are configured and MCG behavior
during Stop recovery. Entering Stop mode, the FLL is disabled, and all MCG clock signals are static
except in the following case:
MCGIRCLK is active in Normal Stop mode when all the following conditions become true:
• C1[IRCLKEN] = 1
• C1[IREFSTEN] = 1
1. Caution: If entering VLPR mode, MCG has to be configured and enter BLPE mode or BLPI mode with the Fast IRC clock
selected (C2[IRCS]=1). After it enters VLPR mode, writes to any of the MCG control registers that can cause an MCG
clock mode switch to a non low power clock mode must be avoided.
NOTE
For the chip-specific modes of operation, see the power
management chapter of this MCU.
25.4.1.2 MCG mode switching
C1[IREFS] can be changed at any time, but the actual switch to the newly selected
reference clocks is shown by S[IREFST]. When switching between engaged internal and
engaged external modes, the FLL will begin locking again after the switch is completed.
C1[CLKS] can also be changed at any time, but the actual switch to the newly selected
clock is shown by S[CLKST]. If the newly selected clock is not available, the previous
clock will remain selected.
The C4[DRST_DRS] write bits can be changed at any time except when C2[LP] bit is 1.
If C4[DRST_DRS] write bits are changed while in FLL engaged internal (FEI) or FLL
engaged external (FEE) mode, the MCGOUTCLK switches to the new selected DCO
range within three clocks of the selected DCO clock. After switching to the new DCO
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(indicated by the updated C4[DRST_DRS] read bits), the FLL remains unlocked for
several reference cycles. The FLL lock time is provided in the device data sheet as
tfll_acquire.
25.4.2 Low-power bit usage
C2[LP] is provided to allow the FLL to be disabled and thus conserve power when these
systems are not being used. C4[DRST_DRS] can not be written while C2[LP] is 1.
However, in some applications, it may be desirable to enable the FLL and allow it to lock
for maximum accuracy before switching to an engaged mode. Do this by writing 0 to
C2[LP].
25.4.3 MCG Internal Reference Clocks
This module supports two internal reference clocks with nominal frequencies of 32 kHz
(slow IRC) and 4 MHz (fast IRC). The fast IRC frequency can be divided down by
programming of the FCRDIV to produce a frequency range of 32 kHz to 4 MHz.
25.4.3.1 MCG Internal Reference Clock
The MCG Internal Reference Clock (MCGIRCLK) provides a clock source for other on-
chip peripherals and is enabled when C1[IRCLKEN]=1. When enabled, MCGIRCLK is
driven by either the fast internal reference clock (4 MHz IRC which can be divided down
by the FRDIV factors) or the slow internal reference clock (32 kHz IRC). The IRCS
clock frequency can be re-targeted by trimming the period of its IRCS selected internal
reference clock. This can be done by writing a new trim value to the
C3[SCTRIM]:C4[SCFTRIM] bits when the slow IRC clock is selected or by writing a
new trim value to C4[FCTRIM]:C2[FCFTRIM] when the fast IRC clock is selected. The
internal reference clock period is proportional to the trim value written.
C3[SCTRIM]:C4[SCFTRIM] (if C2[IRCS]=0) and C4[FCTRIM]:C2[FCFTRIM] (if
C2[IRCS]=1) bits affect the MCGOUTCLK frequency if the MCG is in FBI or BLPI
modes. C3[SCTRIM]:C4[SCFTRIM] (if C2[IRCS]=0) bits also affect the
MCGOUTCLK frequency if the MCG is in FEI mode.
Additionally, this clock can be enabled in Stop mode by setting C1[IRCLKEN] and
C1[IREFSTEN], otherwise this clock is disabled in Stop mode.
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25.4.4 External Reference Clock
The MCG module can support an external reference clock in all modes. See the device
datasheet for external reference frequency range. When C1[IREFS] is set, the external
reference clock will not be used by the FLL. In these mode, the frequency can be equal to
the maximum frequency the chip-level timing specifications will support.
If any of the CME bits are asserted the slow internal reference clock is enabled along
with the enabled external clock monitor. For the case when C6[CME0]=1, a loss of clock
is detected if the OSC0 external reference falls below a minimum frequency (floc_high or
floc_low depending on C2[RANGE0]). For the case when C8[CME1]=1, a loss of clock is
detected if the RTC external reference falls below a minimum frequency (floc_low).
NOTE
All clock monitors must be disabled before entering these low-
power modes: Stop, VLPS, VLPR, VLPW, LLS, and VLLSx.
On detecting a loss-of-clock event, the MCU generates a system reset if the respective
LOCRE bit is set. Otherwise the MCG sets the respective LOCS bit and the MCG
generates a LOCS interrupt request.
25.4.5 MCG Fixed Frequency Clock
The MCG Fixed Frequency Clock (MCGFFCLK) provides a fixed frequency clock
source for other on-chip peripherals; see the block diagram. This clock is driven by either
the slow clock from the internal reference clock generator or the external reference clock
from the Crystal Oscillator, divided by the FLL reference clock divider. The source of
MCGFFCLK is selected by C1[IREFS].
This clock is synchronized to the peripheral bus clock and is valid only when its
frequency is not more than 1/8 of the MCGOUTCLK frequency. When it is not valid, it is
disabled and held high. The MCGFFCLK is not available when the MCG is in BLPI
mode. This clock is also disabled in Stop mode. The FLL reference clock must be set
within the valid frequency range for the MCGFFCLK.
25.4.6 MCG Auto TRIM (ATM)
The MCG Auto Trim (ATM) is a MCG feature that when enabled, it configures the MCG
hardware to automatically trim the MCG Internal Reference Clocks using an external
clock as a reference. The selection between which MCG IRC clock gets tested and
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enabled is controlled by the ATC[ATMS] control bit (ATC[ATMS]=0 selects the 32 kHz
IRC and ATC[ATMS]=1 selects the 4 MHz IRC). If 4 MHz IRC is selected for the ATM,
a divide by 128 is enabled to divide down the 4 MHz IRC to a range of 31.250 kHz.
When MCG ATM is enabled by writing ATC[ATME] bit to 1, The ATM machine will
start auto trimming the selected IRC clock. During the autotrim process, ATC[ATME]
will remain asserted and will deassert after ATM is completed or an abort occurs. The
MCG ATM is aborted if a write to any of the following control registers is detected : C1,
C3, C4, or ATC or if Stop mode is entered. If an abort occurs, ATC[ATMF] fail flag is
asserted.
The ATM machine uses the bus clock as the external reference clock to perform the IRC
auto-trim. Therefore, it is required that the MCG is configured in a clock mode where the
reference clock used to generate the system clock is the external reference clock such as
FBE clock mode. The MCG must not be configured in a clock mode where selected IRC
ATM clock is used to generate the system clock. The bus clock is also required to be
running with in the range of 8–16 MHz.
To perform the ATM on the selected IRC, the ATM machine uses the successive
approximation technique to adjust the IRC trim bits to generate the desired IRC trimmed
frequency. The ATM SARs each of the ATM IRC trim bits starting with the MSB. For
each trim bit test, the ATM uses a pulse that is generated by the ATM selected IRC clock
to enable a counter that counts number of ATM external clocks. At end of each trim bit,
the ATM external counter value is compared to the ATCV[15:0] register value. Based on
the comparison result, the ATM trim bit under test will get cleared or stay asserted. This
is done until all trim bits have been tested by ATM SAR machine.
Before the ATM can be enabled, the ATM expected count needs to be derived and stored
into the ATCV register. The ATCV expected count is derived based on the required
target Internal Reference Clock (IRC) frequency, and the frequency of the external
reference clock using the following formula:
ATCV
• Fr = Target Internal Reference Clock (IRC) Trimmed Frequency
• Fe = External Clock Frequency
If the auto trim is being performed on the 4 MHz IRC, the calculated expected count
value must be multiplied by 128 before storing it in the ATCV register. Therefore, the
ATCV Expected Count Value for trimming the 4 MHz IRC is calculated using the
following formula.
(128)
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25.5 Initialization / Application information
This section describes how to initialize and configure the MCG module in an application.
The following sections include examples on how to initialize the MCG and properly
switch between the various available modes.
25.5.1 MCG module initialization sequence
The MCG comes out of reset configured for FEI mode.
The internal reference will stabilize in tirefsts microseconds before the FLL can acquire
lock. As soon as the internal reference is stable, the FLL will acquire lock in tfll_acquire
milliseconds.
25.5.1.1 Initializing the MCG
Because the MCG comes out of reset in FEI mode, the only MCG modes that can be
directly switched to upon reset are FEE, FBE, and FBI modes (see Figure 25-2).
Reaching any of the other modes requires first configuring the MCG for one of these
three intermediate modes. Care must be taken to check relevant status bits in the MCG
status register reflecting all configuration changes within each mode.
To change from FEI mode to FEE or FBE modes, follow this procedure:
1. Enable the external clock source by setting the appropriate bits in C2 register.
2. Write to C1 register to select the clock mode.
• If entering FEE mode, set C1[FRDIV] appropriately, clear C1[IREFS] bit to
switch to the external reference, and leave C1[CLKS] at 2'b00 so that the output
of the FLL is selected as the system clock source.
• If entering FBE, clear C1[IREFS] to switch to the external reference and change
C1[CLKS] to 2'b10 so that the external reference clock is selected as the system
clock source. The C1[FRDIV] bits should also be set appropriately here
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according to the external reference frequency to keep the FLL reference clock in
the range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz. Although the FLL is bypassed, it is still
on in FBE mode.
• The internal reference can optionally be kept running by setting C1[IRCLKEN].
This is useful if the application will switch back and forth between internal and
external modes. For minimum power consumption, leave the internal reference
disabled while in an external clock mode.
3. Once the proper configuration bits have been set, wait for the affected bits in the
MCG status register to be changed appropriately, reflecting that the MCG has moved
into the proper mode.
• If the MCG is in FEE, FBE, or BLPE mode, and C2[EREFS] was also set in step
1, wait here for S[OSCINIT0] bit to become set indicating that the external clock
source has finished its initialization cycles and stabilized.
• If in FEE mode, check to make sure S[IREFST] is cleared before moving on.
• If in FBE mode, check to make sure S[IREFST] is cleared and S[CLKST] bits
have changed to 2'b10 indicating the external reference clock has been
appropriately selected. Although the FLL is bypassed, it is still on in FBE mode.
4. Write to the C4 register to determine the DCO output (MCGFLLCLK) frequency
range.
• By default, with C4[DMX32] cleared to 0, the FLL multiplier for the DCO
output is 640. For greater flexibility, if a mid-low-range FLL multiplier of 1280
is desired instead, set C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b01 for a DCO output frequency
of 40 MHz. If a mid high-range FLL multiplier of 1920 is desired instead, set the
C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b10 for a DCO output frequency of 60 MHz. If a high-
range FLL multiplier of 2560 is desired instead, set the C4[DRST_DRS] bits to
2'b11 for a DCO output frequency of 80 MHz.
• When using a 32.768 kHz external reference, if the maximum low-range DCO
frequency that can be achieved with a 32.768 kHz reference is desired, set
C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b00 and set C4[DMX32] bit to 1. The resulting DCO
output (MCGOUTCLK) frequency with the new multiplier of 732 will be 24
MHz.
• When using a 32.768 kHz external reference, if the maximum mid-range DCO
frequency that can be achieved with a 32.768 kHz reference is desired, set
C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b01 and set C4[DMX32] bit to 1. The resulting DCO
output (MCGOUTCLK) frequency with the new multiplier of 1464 will be 48
MHz.
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• When using a 32.768 kHz external reference, if the maximum mid high-range
DCO frequency that can be achieved with a 32.768 kHz reference is desired, set
C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b10 and set C4[DMX32] bit to 1. The resulting DCO
output (MCGOUTCLK) frequency with the new multiplier of 2197 will be 72
MHz.
• When using a 32.768 kHz external reference, if the maximum high-range DCO
frequency that can be achieved with a 32.768 kHz reference is desired, set
C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b11 and set C4[DMX32] bit to 1. The resulting DCO
output (MCGOUTCLK) frequency with the new multiplier of 2929 will be 96
MHz.
5. Wait for the FLL lock time to guarantee FLL is running at new C4[DRST_DRS] and
C4[DMX32] programmed frequency.
To change from FEI clock mode to FBI clock mode, follow this procedure:
1. Change C1[CLKS] bits in C1 register to 2'b01 so that the internal reference clock is
selected as the system clock source.
2. Wait for S[CLKST] bits in the MCG status register to change to 2'b01, indicating
that the internal reference clock has been appropriately selected.
3. Write to the C2 register to determine the IRCS output (IRCSCLK) frequency range.
• By default, with C2[IRCS] cleared to 0, the IRCS selected output clock is the
slow internal reference clock (32 kHz IRC). If the faster IRC is desired, set
C2[IRCS] to 1 for a IRCS clock derived from the 4 MHz IRC source.
25.5.2 Using a 32.768 kHz reference
In FEE and FBE modes, if using a 32.768 kHz external reference, at the default FLL
multiplication factor of 640, the DCO output (MCGFLLCLK) frequency is 20.97 MHz at
low-range.
If C4[DRST_DRS] bits are set to 2'b01, the multiplication factor is doubled to 1280, and
the resulting DCO output frequency is 41.94 MHz at mid-low-range. If C4[DRST_DRS]
bits are set to 2'b10, the multiplication factor is set to 1920, and the resulting DCO output
frequency is 62.91 MHz at mid high-range. If C4[DRST_DRS] bits are set to 2'b11, the
multiplication factor is set to 2560, and the resulting DCO output frequency is 83.89
MHz at high-range.
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In FBI and FEI modes, setting C4[DMX32] bit is not recommended. If the internal
reference is trimmed to a frequency above 32.768 kHz, the greater FLL multiplication
factor could potentially push the microcontroller system clock out of specification and
damage the part.
25.5.3 MCG mode switching
When switching between operational modes of the MCG, certain configuration bits must
be changed in order to properly move from one mode to another.
Each time any of these bits are changed (C1[IREFS], C1[CLKS], C2[IRCS], or
C2[EREFS], the corresponding bits in the MCG status register (IREFST, CLKST,
IRCST, or OSCINIT) must be checked before moving on in the application software.
Additionally, care must be taken to ensure that the reference clock divider (C1[FRDIV])
is set properly for the mode being switched to. For instance, in FEE mode, if using a
4MHz crystal, C1[FRDIV] must be set to 3'b010 (divide-by-128) to devide the external
frequency down to the required frequency between 31.25 and 39.0625 kHz.
In FBE, FEE, FBI, and FEI modes, at any time, the application can switch the FLL
multiplication factor between 640, 1280, 1920, and 2560 with C4[DRST_DRS] bits.
Writes to C4[DRST_DRS] bits will be ignored if C2[LP]=1.
The table below shows MCGOUTCLK frequency calculations using C1[FRDIV]settings
for each clock mode.
Table 25-2. MCGOUTCLK Frequency Calculation Options
Clock Mode fMCGOUTCLK1Note
FEI (FLL engaged internal) fint × F Typical fMCGOUTCLK = 21 MHz
immediately after reset.
FEE (FLL engaged external) (fext / FLL_R) × F fext / FLL_R must be in the range of
31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz
FBE (FLL bypassed external) OSCCLK OSCCLK / FLL_R must be in the
range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz
FBI (FLL bypassed internal) MCGIRCLK Selectable between slow and fast
IRC
BLPI (Bypassed low power internal) MCGIRCLK Selectable between slow and fast
IRC
BLPE (Bypassed low power external) OSCCLK
1. FLL_R is the reference divider selected by the C1[FRDIV] bits, F is the FLL factor selected by C4[DRST_DRS] and
C4[DMX32] bits .
This section will include several mode switching examples, using an MHz external
crystal..
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25.5.3.1 Example 1: Moving from FEI to BLPE mode: External Crystal
= 4 MHz, MCGOUTCLK frequency = 4 MHz
In this example, the MCG will move through the proper operational modes from FEI to
BLPE to achieve 4 MHz MCGOUTCLK frequency from 4 MHz external crystal
reference. First, the code sequence will be described. Then there is a flowchart that
illustrates the sequence.
1. First, FEI must transition to FBE mode:
a. C2 = 0x1C
• C2[RANGE0] set to 2'b01 because the frequency of 4 MHz is within the
high frequency range.
• C2[HGO0] set to 1 to configure the crystal oscillator for high gain operation.
• C2[EREFS0] set to 1, because a crystal is being used.
b. C1 = 0x90
• C1[CLKS] set to 2'b10 to select external reference clock as system clock
source
• C1[FRDIV] set to 3'b010, or divide-by-128 because 4 MHz / 128 = 31.25
kHz which is in the 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz range required by the FLL
• C1[IREFS] cleared to 0, selecting the external reference clock and enabling
the external oscillator.
c. Loop until S[OSCINIT0] is 1, indicating the crystal selected by C2[EREFS0] has
been initialized.
d. Loop until S[IREFST] is 0, indicating the external reference is the current source
for the reference clock.
e. Loop until S[CLKST] is 2'b10, indicating that the external reference clock is
selected to feed MCGOUTCLK.
2. Then, transition to BLPE:
a. Set C2[LP] to 1.
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C2 = 0x1C
START
IN FEI MODE
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
CHECK
C1 = 0x40
CHECK
CHECK
C2 = 0x1E
(C2[LP] = 1)
S[CLKST] = %10?
S[IREFST] = 0?
S[OSCINIT0] = 1?
Continue
in BLPE mode
Figure 25-3. Flowchart of FEI to BLPE mode transition using a 4 MHz crystal
Chapter 25 Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG)
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25.5.3.2 Example 2: Moving from BLPE to BLPI mode: MCGOUTCLK
frequency = 2 MHz
In this example, the MCG will move through the proper operational modes from BLPE
mode with a 4 MHz crystal configured for a 4 MHz MCGOUTCLK frequency (see
previous example) to BLPI mode with a 2 MHz MCGOUTCLK frequency. First, the
code sequence will be described. Then there is a flowchart that illustrates the sequence.
1. First, BLPE must transition to FBE mode:
a. Clear C2[LP] to 0 here to switch to FBE mode.
2. Next, FBE mode transitions into FBI mode:
a. C1 = 0x54
• C1[CLKS] set to 2'b01 to switch the system clock to the internal reference
clock.
• C1[IREFS] set to 1 to select the internal reference clock as the reference
clock source.
• C1[FRDIV] remain unchanged because the reference divider does not affect
the internal reference.
b. Loop until S[IREFST] is 1, indicating the internal reference clock has been
selected as the reference clock source.
c. Loop until S[CLKST] are 2'b01, indicating that the internal reference clock is
selected to feed MCGOUTCLK.
3. Lastly, FBI transitions into BLPI mode with IRCS selecting Fast Internal Reference
Clock.
a. C2 = 0x03
• C2[IRCS] is 1
• C2[LP] is 1
• C2[RANGE], C2[HGO], C2[EREFS], C1[IRCLKEN], and C1[IREFSTEN]
bits are ignored when the C1[IREFS] bit is set. They can remain set, or be
cleared at this point.
b. Loop until S[IRCST] is 1, indicating the internal reference clock is the fast
clock.
Initialization / Application information
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NO
YES
CHECK
S[IRCST] = 1?
NO
NO
YES
C2 = 0x23
CONTINUE
IN BLPI MODE
YES
C1 = 0x64
CHECK
S[IREFST] = 0?
CHECK
S[CLKST] = %01?
C2 = 0x1C
(C2[LP] = 0)
START
IN BLPE MODE
Figure 25-4. Flowchart of BLPE to BLPI mode transition using an MHz crystal
Chapter 25 Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG)
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25.5.3.3 Example 3: Moving from BLPI to FEE mode
In this example, the MCG will move through the proper operational modes from BLPI
mode at a 32 kHz MCGOUTCLK frequency running off the internal reference clock (see
previous example) to FEE mode using a 4 MHz crystal configured for a 20 MHz
MCGOUTCLK frequency. First, the code sequence will be described. Then there is a
flowchart that illustrates the sequence.
1. First, BLPI must transition to FBI mode.
a. C2 = 0x00
• C2[LP] is 0
2. Next, FBI will transition to FEE mode.
a. C2 = 0x1C
• C2[RANGE] set to 2'b01 because the frequency of 4 MHz is within the high
frequency range.
• C2[HGO] set to 1 to configure the crystal oscillator for high gain operation.
• C2[EREFS] set to 1, because a crystal is being used.
b. C1 = 0x10
• C1[CLKS] set to 2'b00 to select the output of the FLL as system clock
source.
• C1[FRDIV] remain at 3'b010, or divide-by-128 for a reference of 4 MHz /
128 = 31.25 kHz.
• C1[IREFS] cleared to 0, selecting the external reference clock.
c. Loop until S[OSCINIT] is 1, indicating the crystal selected by the C2[EREFS]
bit has been initialized.
d. Loop until S[IREFST] is 0, indicating the external reference clock is the current
source for the reference clock.
e. Loop until S[CLKST] are 2'b00, indicating that the output of the FLL is selected
to feed MCGOUTCLK.
f. Now, with a 31.25 kHz reference frequency, a fixed DCO multiplier of 640,
MCGOUTCLK = 31.25 kHz * 640 / 1 = 20 MHz.
g. At this point, by default, the C4[DRST_DRS] bits are set to 2'b00 and
C4[DMX32] is cleared to 0. If the MCGOUTCLK frequency of 40 MHz is
desired instead, set the C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 0x01 to switch the FLL
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multiplication factor from 640 to 1280. To return the MCGOUTCLK frequency
to 20 MHz, set C4[DRST_DRS] bits to 2'b00 again, and the FLL multiplication
factor will switch back to 640.
C1 = 0x10
C2 = 0x00
C2 = 0x1C
CHECK
CHECK
CHECK
S[OSCINIT] = 1 ?
CONTINUE
IN FEE MODE
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
START
IN BLPI MODE
S[IREFST] = 0?
S[CLKST] = %00?
Figure 25-5. Flowchart of BLPI to FEE mode transition using an 4 MHz crystal
Chapter 25 Multipurpose Clock Generator (MCG)
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Initialization / Application information
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Chapter 26
Oscillator (OSC)
26.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The OSC module is a crystal oscillator. The module, in conjunction with an external
crystal or resonator, generates a reference clock for the MCU.
26.2 Features and Modes
Key features of the module are listed here.
• Supports 32 kHz crystals (Low Range mode)
• Supports 3–8 MHz, 8–32 MHz crystals and resonators (High Range mode)
• Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to optimize power consumption in high frequency
ranges 3–8 MHz, 8–32 MHz using low-power mode
• High gain option in frequency ranges: 32 kHz, 3–8 MHz, and 8–32 MHz
• Voltage and frequency filtering to guarantee clock frequency and stability
• Optionally external input bypass clock from EXTAL signal directly
• One clock for MCU clock system
• Two clocks for on-chip peripherals that can work in Stop modes
Functional Description describes the module's operation in more detail.
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26.3 Block Diagram
The OSC module uses a crystal or resonator to generate three filtered oscillator clock
signals.Three clocks are output from OSC module: OSCCLK for MCU system,
OSCERCLK for on-chip peripherals, and OSC32KCLK. The OSCCLK can only work in
run mode. OSCERCLK and OSC32KCLK can work in low power modes. For the clock
source assignments, refer to the clock distribution information of this MCU.
Refer to the chip configuration details for the external reference clock source in this
MCU.
The figure found here shows the block diagram of the OSC module.
XTAL
EXTAL
XTL_CLK
Mux
4096
Counter
OSC Clock Enable
STOP
OSCERCLK_UNDIV
ERCLKEN
OSCCLK
Range selections
Low Power config
OSC32KCLK
Oscillator Circuits EN
Control and Decoding
logic
ERCLKEN OSC_EN
DIV
OSCERCLK
ERPS
CNT_DONE_4096
OSC_CLK_OUT
OSC clock selection
EREFSTEN
Figure 26-1. OSC Module Block Diagram
26.4 OSC Signal Descriptions
The table found here shows the user-accessible signals available for the OSC module.
Block Diagram
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Refer to signal multiplexing information for this MCU for more details.
Table 26-1. OSC Signal Descriptions
Signal Description I/O
EXTAL External clock/Oscillator input I
XTAL Oscillator output O
26.5 External Crystal / Resonator Connections
The connections for a crystal/resonator frequency reference are shown in the figures
found here.
When using low-frequency, low-power mode, the only external component is the crystal
or ceramic resonator itself. In the other oscillator modes, load capacitors (Cx, Cy) and
feedback resistor (RF) are required. The following table shows all possible connections.
Table 26-2. External Caystal/Resonator Connections
Oscillator Mode Connections
Low-frequency (32 kHz), low-power Connection 1
Low-frequency (32 kHz), high-gain Connection 2/Connection 31
High-frequency (3~32 MHz), low-power Connection 1/Connection 32,2
High-frequency (3~32 MHz), high-gain Connection 2/Connection 32
1. When the load capacitors (Cx, Cy) are greater than 30 pF, use Connection 3.
2. With the low-power mode, the oscillator has the internal feedback resistor RF. Therefore, the feedback resistor must not be
externally with the Connection 3.
OSC
EXTAL
Crystal or Resonator
VSS
XTAL
Figure 26-2. Crystal/Ceramic Resonator Connections - Connection 1
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OSC
VSS
RF
Crystal or Resonator
XTALEXTAL
Figure 26-3. Crystal/Ceramic Resonator Connections - Connection 2
NOTE
Connection 1 and Connection 2 should use internal capacitors
as the load of the oscillator by configuring the CR[SCxP] bits.
OSC
VSS
CxCy
RF
Crystal or Resonator
XTALEXTAL
Figure 26-4. Crystal/Ceramic Resonator Connections - Connection 3
26.6 External Clock Connections
In external clock mode, the pins can be connected as shown in the figure found here.
NOTE
XTAL can be used as a GPIO when the GPIO alternate function
is configured for it.
External Clock Connections
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OSC
VSS
Clock Input
I/O
XTAL EXTAL
Figure 26-5. External Clock Connections
26.7 Memory Map/Register Definitions
Some oscillator module register bits are typically incorporated into other peripherals such
as MCG or SIM.
OSC Memory Map/Register Definition
OSC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_5000 OSC Control Register (OSC_CR) 8 R/W 00h 26.7.1.1/
541
4006_5002 OSC_DIV (OSC_OSC_DIV) 8 R/W 00h 26.7.1.2/
543
26.7.1.1 OSC Control Register (OSC_CR)
NOTE
After OSC is enabled and starts generating the clocks, the
configurations such as low power and frequency range, must
not be changed.
Address: 4006_5000h base + 0h offset = 4006_5000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ERCLKEN 0EREFSTEN 0SC2P SC4P SC8P SC16P
Write
Reset 00000000
26.7.1
Chapter 26 Oscillator (OSC)
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OSC_CR field descriptions
Field Description
7
ERCLKEN
External Reference Enable
Enables external reference clock (OSCERCLK) .
0 External reference clock is inactive.
1 External reference clock is enabled.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
EREFSTEN
External Reference Stop Enable
Controls whether or not the external reference clock (OSCERCLK) remains enabled when MCU enters
Stop mode.
0 External reference clock is disabled in Stop mode.
1 External reference clock stays enabled in Stop mode if ERCLKEN is set before entering Stop mode.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
SC2P
Oscillator 2 pF Capacitor Load Configure
Configures the oscillator load.
0 Disable the selection.
1 Add 2 pF capacitor to the oscillator load.
2
SC4P
Oscillator 4 pF Capacitor Load Configure
Configures the oscillator load.
0 Disable the selection.
1 Add 4 pF capacitor to the oscillator load.
1
SC8P
Oscillator 8 pF Capacitor Load Configure
Configures the oscillator load.
0 Disable the selection.
1 Add 8 pF capacitor to the oscillator load.
0
SC16P
Oscillator 16 pF Capacitor Load Configure
Configures the oscillator load.
0 Disable the selection.
1 Add 16 pF capacitor to the oscillator load.
OSC Memory Map/Register Definition
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26.7.1.2 OSC_DIV (OSC_OSC_DIV)
OSC Clock divider register.
Address: 4006_5000h base + 2h offset = 4006_5002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ERPS 000000
Write
Reset 00000000
OSC_OSC_DIV field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
ERPS
ERCLK prescaler. These two bits are used to divide the ERCLK output. The un-divided ERCLK output is
not affected by these two bits.
00 The divisor ratio is 1.
01 The divisor ratio is 2.
10 The divisor ratio is 4.
11 The divisor ratio is 8.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
26.8 Functional Description
Functional details of the module can be found here.
26.8.1 OSC module states
The states of the OSC module are shown in the following figure. The states and their
transitions between each other are described in this section.
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Stable
Off
OSCCLK
CNT_DONE_4096
Start-Up
OSCCLK requested
External Clock Mode
Oscillator ON, Stable
Oscillator OFF
Oscillator ON, not yet stable Oscillator ON
OSC_CLK_OUT = Static
OSC_CLK_OUT = Static OSC_CLK_OUT = EXTAL
OSC_CLK_OUT = XTL_CLK
not requested
&&
Select OSC internal clock
OSCCLK requested
&&
Select clock from EXTAL signal
Figure 26-6. OSC Module state diagram
NOTE
XTL_CLK is the clock generated internally from OSC circuits.
26.8.1.1 Off
The OSC enters the Off state when the system does not require OSC clocks. Upon
entering this state, XTL_CLK is static unless OSC is configured to select the clock from
the EXTAL pad by clearing the external reference clock selection bit. For details
regarding the external reference clock source in this MCU, refer to the chip configuration
details. The EXTAL and XTAL pins are also decoupled from all other oscillator circuitry
in this state. The OSC module circuitry is configured to draw minimal current.
Functional Description
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26.8.1.2 Oscillator startup
The OSC enters startup state when it is configured to generate clocks (internally the
OSC_EN transitions high) using the internal oscillator circuits by setting the external
reference clock selection bit. In this state, the OSC module is enabled and oscillations are
starting up, but have not yet stabilized. When the oscillation amplitude becomes large
enough to pass through the input buffer, XTL_CLK begins clocking the counter. When
the counter reaches 4096 cycles of XTL_CLK, the oscillator is considered stable and
XTL_CLK is passed to the output clock OSC_CLK_OUT.
26.8.1.3 Oscillator Stable
The OSC enters stable state when it is configured to generate clocks (internally the
OSC_EN transitions high) using the internal oscillator circuits by setting the external
reference clock selection bit and the counter reaches 4096 cycles of XTL_CLK (when
CNT_DONE_4096 is high). In this state, the OSC module is producing a stable output
clock on OSC_CLK_OUT. Its frequency is determined by the external components being
used.
26.8.1.4 External Clock mode
The OSC enters external clock state when it is enabled and external reference clock
selection bit is cleared. For details regarding external reference clock source in this MCU,
see the chip configuration details. In this state, the OSC module is set to buffer (with
hysteresis) a clock from EXTAL onto the OSC_CLK_OUT. Its frequency is determined
by the external clock being supplied.
26.8.2 OSC module modes
The OSC is a pierce-type oscillator that supports external crystals or resonators operating
over the frequency ranges shown in Table 26-3. These modes assume the following
conditions: OSC is enabled to generate clocks (OSC_EN=1), configured to generate
clocks internally (MCG_C2[EREFS] = 1), and some or one of the other peripherals
(MCG, Timer, and so on) is configured to use the oscillator output clock
(OSC_CLK_OUT).
Table 26-3. Oscillator modes
Mode Frequency Range
Low-frequency, high-gain fosc_lo (32.768 kHz) up to fosc_lo (39.0625 kHz)
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 26 Oscillator (OSC)
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Table 26-3. Oscillator modes (continued)
Mode Frequency Range
High-frequency mode1, high-gain fosc_hi_1 (3 MHz) up to fosc_hi_1 (8 MHz)
High-frequency mode1, low-power
High-frequency mode2, high-gain fosc_hi_2 (8 MHz) up to fosc_hi_2 (32 MHz)
High-frequency mode2, low-power
NOTE
For information about low power modes of operation used in
this chip and their alignment with some OSC modes, see the
chip's Power Management details.
26.8.2.1 Low-Frequency, High-Gain Mode
In Low-frequency, high-gain mode, the oscillator uses a simple inverter-style amplifier.
The gain is set to achieve rail-to-rail oscillation amplitudes.
The oscillator input buffer in this mode is single-ended. It provides low pass frequency
filtering as well as hysteresis for voltage filtering and converts the output to logic levels.
In this mode, the internal capacitors could be used.
26.8.2.2 Low-Frequency, Low-Power Mode
In low-frequency, low-power mode, the oscillator uses a gain control loop to minimize
power consumption. As the oscillation amplitude increases, the amplifier current is
reduced. This continues until a desired amplitude is achieved at steady-state. This mode
provides low pass frequency filtering as well as hysteresis for voltage filtering and
converts the output to logic levels. In this mode, the internal capacitors could be used, the
internal feedback resistor is connected, and no external resistor should be used.
In this mode, the amplifier inputs, gain-control input, and input buffer input are all
capacitively coupled for leakage tolerance (not sensitive to the DC level of EXTAL).
Also in this mode, all external components except for the resonator itself are integrated,
which includes the load capacitors and feeback resistor that biases EXTAL.
Functional Description
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26.8.2.3 High-Frequency, High-Gain Mode
In high-frequency, high-gain mode, the oscillator uses a simple inverter-style amplifier.
The gain is set to achieve rail-to-rail oscillation amplitudes. This mode provides low pass
frequency filtering as well as hysteresis for voltage filtering and converts the output to
logic levels. In this mode, the internal capacitors could be used.
26.8.2.4 High-Frequency, Low-Power Mode
In high-frequency, low-power mode, the oscillator uses a gain control loop to minimize
power consumption. As the oscillation amplitude increases, the amplifier current is
reduced. This continues until a desired amplitude is achieved at steady-state. In this
mode, the internal capacitors could be used, the internal feedback resistor is connected,
and no external resistor should be used.
The oscillator input buffer in this mode is differential. It provides low pass frequency
filtering as well as hysteresis for voltage filtering and converts the output to logic levels.
26.8.3 Counter
The oscillator output clock (OSC_CLK_OUT) is gated off until the counter has detected
4096 cycles of its input clock (XTL_CLK). After 4096 cycles are completed, the counter
passes XTL_CLK onto OSC_CLK_OUT. This counting timeout is used to guarantee
output clock stability.
26.8.4 Reference clock pin requirements
The OSC module requires use of both the EXTAL and XTAL pins to generate an output
clock in Oscillator mode, but requires only the EXTAL pin in External clock mode. The
EXTAL and XTAL pins are available for I/O. For the implementation of these pins on
this device, refer to the Signal Multiplexing chapter.
26.9 Reset
There is no reset state associated with the OSC module. The counter logic is reset when
the OSC is not configured to generate clocks.
There are no sources of reset requests for the OSC module.
Chapter 26 Oscillator (OSC)
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26.10 Low power modes operation
When the MCU enters Stop modes, the OSC is functional depending on CR[ERCLKEN]
and CR[EREFSETN] bit settings. If both these bits are set, the OSC is in operation.
In Low Leakage Stop (LLS) modes, the OSC holds all register settings. If
CR[ERCLKEN] and CR[EREFSTEN] are set before entry to Low Leakage Stop modes,
the OSC is still functional in these modes. After waking up from Very Low Leakage Stop
(VLLSx) modes, all OSC register bits are reset and initialization is required through
software.
26.11 Interrupts
The OSC module does not generate any interrupts.
Low power modes operation
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Chapter 27
RTC Oscillator (OSC32K)
27.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The RTC oscillator module provides the clock source for the RTC. The RTC oscillator
module, in conjunction with an external crystal, generates a reference clock for the RTC.
27.1.1 Features and Modes
The key features of the RTC oscillator are as follows:
• Supports 32 kHz crystals with very low power
• Consists of internal feed back resistor
• Consists of internal programmable capacitors as the Cload of the oscillator
• Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to optimize power consumption
The RTC oscillator operations are described in detail in Functional Description .
27.1.2 Block Diagram
The following is the block diagram of the RTC oscillator.
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gm
control
clk out for RTC
PAD PAD
XTAL32
C2
Amplitude
EXTAL32
Rf
C1
detector
Figure 27-1. RTC Oscillator Block Diagram
27.2 RTC Signal Descriptions
The following table shows the user-accessible signals available for the RTC oscillator.
See the chip-level specification to find out which signals are actually connected to the
external pins.
Table 27-1. RTC Signal Descriptions
Signal Description I/O
EXTAL32 Oscillator Input I
XTAL32 Oscillator Output O
27.2.1 EXTAL32 — Oscillator Input
This signal is the analog input of the RTC oscillator.
27.2.2 XTAL32 — Oscillator Output
This signal is the analog output of the RTC oscillator module.
RTC Signal Descriptions
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27.3 External Crystal Connections
The connections with a crystal is shown in the following figure. External load capacitors
and feedback resistor are not required.
RTC Oscillator Module
EXTAL32
Crystal or Resonator
XTAL32 VSS
Figure 27-2. Crystal Connections
27.4 Memory Map/Register Descriptions
RTC oscillator control bits are part of the RTC registers. Refer to RTC Control Register
(RTC_CR) , or RTC_GP_DATA_REG in the chip-specific information section, for more
details.
27.5 Functional Description
As shown in Figure 27-1, the module includes an amplifier which supplies the negative
resistor for the RTC oscillator. The gain of the amplifier is controlled by the amplitude
detector, which optimizes the power consumption. A schmitt trigger is used to translate
the sine-wave generated by this oscillator to a pulse clock out, which is a reference clock
for the RTC digital core.
The oscillator includes an internal feedback resistor of approximately 100 MΩ between
EXTAL32 and XTAL32.
In addition, there are two programmable capacitors with this oscillator, which can be
used as the Cload of the oscillator. The programmable range is from 0pF to 30pF.
Chapter 27 RTC Oscillator (OSC32K)
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27.6 Reset Overview
There is no reset state associated with the RTC oscillator.
27.7 Interrupts
The RTC oscillator does not generate any interrupts.
Reset Overview
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Chapter 28
Flash Memory Controller (FMC)
28.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The Flash Memory Controller (FMC) is a memory acceleration unit that provides:
• an interface between the device and the nonvolatile memory.
• buffers that can accelerate flash memory transfers.
28.1.1 Overview
The Flash Memory Controller manages the interface between the device and the flash
memory. The FMC receives status information detailing the configuration of the memory
and uses this information to ensure a proper interface. The following table shows the
supported read/write operations.
Flash memory type Read Write
Program flash memory 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit reads —1
1. A write operation to program flash memory results in a bus error.
In addition, for bank 0, the FMC provides three separate mechanisms for accelerating the
interface between the device and the flash memory. A 64-bit speculation buffer can
prefetch the next 64-bit flash memory location, and both a 4-way, 4-set cache and a
single-entry 64-bit buffer can store previously accessed flash memory data for quick
access times.
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28.1.2 Features
The FMC's features include:
• Interface between the device and the flash memory:
• 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit read operations to program flash memory.
• For bank 0: Read accesses to consecutive 32-bit spaces in memory return the
second read data with no wait states. The memory returns 64 bits via the 32-bit
bus access.
• Crossbar master access protection for setting no access, read-only access, write-
only access, or read/write access for each crossbar master.
• For bank 0: Acceleration of data transfer from program flash memory to the device:
• 64-bit prefetch speculation buffer with controls for instruction/data access per
master
• 4-way, 4-set, 64-bit line size cache for a total of sixteen 64-bit entries with
controls for replacement algorithm and lock per way
• Single-entry buffer
• Invalidation control for the speculation buffer and the single-entry buffer
28.2 Modes of operation
The FMC only operates when a bus master accesses the flash memory.
For any device power mode where the flash memory cannot be accessed, the FMC is
disabled.
28.3 External signal description
The FMC has no external signals.
28.4 Memory map and register descriptions
The programming model consists of the FMC control registers and the program visible
cache (data and tag/valid entries).
NOTE
Program the registers only while the flash controller is idle (for
example, execute from RAM). Changing configuration settings
Modes of operation
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while a flash access is in progress can lead to non-deterministic
behavior.
Table 28-1. FMC register access
Registers Read access Write access
Mode Length Mode Length
Control registers:
PFAPR, PFB0CR,
PFB1CR
Supervisor (privileged)
mode or user mode
32 bits Supervisor (privileged)
mode only
32 bits
Cache registers Supervisor (privileged)
mode or user mode
32 bits Supervisor (privileged)
mode only
32 bits
NOTE
Accesses to unimplemented registers within the FMC's 4 KB
address space return a bus error.
The cache entries, both data and tag/valid, can be read at any time.
NOTE
System software is required to maintain memory coherence
when any segment of the flash cache is programmed. For
example, all buffer data associated with the reprogrammed flash
should be invalidated. Accordingly, cache program visible
writes must occur after a programming or erase event is
completed and before the new memory image is accessed.
The cache is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are numbered 0-3 and
the sets are numbered 0-3. The following table elaborates on the tag/valid and data
entries.
Table 28-2. Program visible cache registers
Cache
storage
Based at
offset
Contents of 32-bit read Nomenclature Nomenclature example
Tag 100h 13'h0, tag[18:5], 4'h0, valid In TAGVDWxSy, x denotes the way
and y denotes the set.
TAGVDW2S0 is the 14-bit tag
and 1-bit valid for cache entry
way 2, set 0.
Data 200h Upper or lower longword of
data
In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set,
and U and L represent upper and
lower word, respectively.
DATAW1S0U represents bits
[63:32] of data entry way 1,
set 0, and DATAW1S0L
represents bits [31:0] of data
entry way 1, set 0.
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FMC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4001_F000 Flash Access Protection Register (FMC_PFAPR) 32 R/W 00F8_003Fh 28.4.1/558
4001_F004 Flash Bank 0 Control Register (FMC_PFB0CR) 32 R/W 3002_001Fh 28.4.2/560
4001_F008 Reserved (FMC_Reserved) 32 R/W 3000_0000h 28.4.3/562
4001_F100 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW0S0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.4/563
4001_F104 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW0S1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.4/563
4001_F108 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW0S2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.4/563
4001_F10C Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW0S3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.4/563
4001_F110 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW1S0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.5/564
4001_F114 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW1S1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.5/564
4001_F118 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW1S2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.5/564
4001_F11C Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW1S3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.5/564
4001_F120 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW2S0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.6/565
4001_F124 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW2S1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.6/565
4001_F128 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW2S2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.6/565
4001_F12C Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW2S3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.6/565
4001_F130 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW3S0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.7/566
4001_F134 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW3S1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.7/566
4001_F138 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW3S2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.7/566
4001_F13C Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW3S3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.7/566
4001_F200 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW0S0U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.8/566
4001_F204 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW0S0L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.9/567
4001_F208 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW0S1U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.8/566
4001_F20C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW0S1L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.9/567
4001_F210 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW0S2U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.8/566
4001_F214 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW0S2L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.9/567
4001_F218 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW0S3U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.8/566
4001_F21C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW0S3L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.9/567
4001_F220 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW1S0U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.10/
567
4001_F224 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW1S0L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.11/
568
4001_F228 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW1S1U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.10/
567
4001_F22C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW1S1L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.11/
568
4001_F230 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW1S2U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.10/
567
4001_F234 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW1S2L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.11/
568
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FMC memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4001_F238 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW1S3U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.10/
567
4001_F23C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW1S3L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.11/
568
4001_F240 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW2S0U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.12/
568
4001_F244 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW2S0L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.13/
569
4001_F248 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW2S1U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.12/
568
4001_F24C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW2S1L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.13/
569
4001_F250 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW2S2U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.12/
568
4001_F254 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW2S2L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.13/
569
4001_F258 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW2S3U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.12/
568
4001_F25C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW2S3L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.13/
569
4001_F260 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW3S0U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.14/
569
4001_F264 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW3S0L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.15/
570
4001_F268 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW3S1U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.14/
569
4001_F26C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW3S1L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.15/
570
4001_F270 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW3S2U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.14/
569
4001_F274 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW3S2L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.15/
570
4001_F278 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW3S3U) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.14/
569
4001_F27C Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW3S3L) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 28.4.15/
570
Chapter 28 Flash Memory Controller (FMC)
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28.4.1 Flash Access Protection Register (FMC_PFAPR)
Address: 4001_F000h base + 0h offset = 4001_F000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
Reserved Reserved
Reserved
M2PFD
M1PFD
M0PFD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
Reserved Reserved Reserved M2AP[1:0] M1AP[1:0] M0AP[1:0]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
FMC_PFAPR field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
23–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only bitfield is reserved. Do not write to this bitfield or indeterminate results will occur.
19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
18
M2PFD
Master 2 Prefetch Disable
These bits control whether prefetching is enabled, based on the logical number of the requesting crossbar
switch master. This field is further qualified by the PFBnCR[BxDPE,BxIPE] bits.
0 Prefetching for this master is enabled.
1 Prefetching for this master is disabled.
17
M1PFD
Master 1 Prefetch Disable
These bits control whether prefetching is enabled, based on the logical number of the requesting crossbar
switch master. This field is further qualified by the PFBnCR[BxDPE,BxIPE] bits.
0 Prefetching for this master is enabled.
1 Prefetching for this master is disabled.
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FMC_PFAPR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
16
M0PFD
Master 0 Prefetch Disable
These bits control whether prefetching is enabled, based on the logical number of the requesting crossbar
switch master. This field is further qualified by the PFBnCR[BxDPE,BxIPE] bits.
0 Prefetching for this master is enabled.
1 Prefetching for this master is disabled.
15–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only bitfield is reserved and is reset to zero. Do not write to this bitfield or indeterminate results
will occur.
9–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
7–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
5–4
M2AP[1:0]
Master 2 Access Protection
This field controls whether read and write access to the flash is allowed, based on the logical master
number of the requesting crossbar switch master.
00 No access may be performed by this master
01 Only read accesses may be performed by this master
10 Only write accesses may be performed by this master
11 Both read and write accesses may be performed by this master
3–2
M1AP[1:0]
Master 1 Access Protection
This field controls whether read and write access to the flash is allowed, based on the logical master
number of the requesting crossbar switch master.
00 No access may be performed by this master
01 Only read accesses may be performed by this master
10 Only write accesses may be performed by this master
11 Both read and write accesses may be performed by this master
M0AP[1:0] Master 0 Access Protection
This field controls whether read and write access to the flash is allowed, based on the logical master
number of the requesting crossbar switch master.
00 No access may be performed by this master
01 Only read accesses may be performed by this master
10 Only write accesses may be performed by this master
11 Both read and write accesses may be performed by this master
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28.4.2 Flash Bank 0 Control Register (FMC_PFB0CR)
Address: 4001_F000h base + 4h offset = 4001_F004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RB0RWSC[3:0]
CLCK_WAY[3:0]
00B0MW[1:0] 0
WCINV_WAY[3:0] S_B_
INV
Reset 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CRC[2:0]
B0DCE
B0ICE
B0DPE
B0IPE
B0SEBE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
FMC_PFB0CR field descriptions
Field Description
31–28
B0RWSC[3:0]
Bank 0 Read Wait State Control
This read-only field defines the number of wait states required to access the bank 0 flash memory.
The relationship between the read access time of the flash array (expressed in system clock cycles) and
RWSC is defined as:
Access time of flash array [system clocks] = RWSC + 1
The FMC automatically calculates this value based on the ratio of the system clock speed to the flash
clock speed. For example, when this ratio is 4:1, the field's value is 3h.
27–24
CLCK_WAY[3:0]
Cache Lock Way x
These bits determine if the given cache way is locked such that its contents will not be displaced by future
misses.
The bit setting definitions are for each bit in the field.
0 Cache way is unlocked and may be displaced
1 Cache way is locked and its contents are not displaced
23–20
CINV_WAY[3:0]
Cache Invalidate Way x
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FMC_PFB0CR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
These bits determine if the given cache way is to be invalidated (cleared). When a bit within this field is
written, the corresponding cache way is immediately invalidated: the way's tag, data, and valid contents
are cleared. This field always reads as zero.
Cache invalidation takes precedence over locking. The cache is invalidated by system reset. System
software is required to maintain memory coherency when any segment of the flash memory is
programmed or erased. Accordingly, cache invalidations must occur after a programming or erase event is
completed and before the new memory image is accessed.
The bit setting definitions are for each bit in the field.
0 No cache way invalidation for the corresponding cache
1 Invalidate cache way for the corresponding cache: clear the tag, data, and vld bits of ways selected
19
S_B_INV
Invalidate Prefetch Speculation Buffer
This bit determines if the FMC's prefetch speculation buffer and the single entry page buffer are to be
invalidated (cleared). When this bit is written, the speculation buffer and single entry buffer are
immediately cleared. This bit always reads as zero.
0 Speculation buffer and single entry buffer are not affected.
1 Invalidate (clear) speculation buffer and single entry buffer.
18–17
B0MW[1:0]
Bank 0 Memory Width
This read-only field defines the width of the bank 0 memory.
00 32 bits
01 64 bits
10 Reserved
11 Reserved
16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–5
CRC[2:0]
Cache Replacement Control
This 3-bit field defines the replacement algorithm for accesses that are cached.
000 LRU replacement algorithm per set across all four ways
001 Reserved
010 Independent LRU with ways [0-1] for ifetches, [2-3] for data
011 Independent LRU with ways [0-2] for ifetches, [3] for data
1xx Reserved
4
B0DCE
Bank 0 Data Cache Enable
This bit controls whether data references are loaded into the cache.
0 Do not cache data references.
1 Cache data references.
3
B0ICE
Bank 0 Instruction Cache Enable
This bit controls whether instruction fetches are loaded into the cache.
Table continues on the next page...
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FMC_PFB0CR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Do not cache instruction fetches.
1 Cache instruction fetches.
2
B0DPE
Bank 0 Data Prefetch Enable
This bit controls whether prefetches (or speculative accesses) are initiated in response to data references.
0 Do not prefetch in response to data references.
1 Enable prefetches in response to data references.
1
B0IPE
Bank 0 Instruction Prefetch Enable
This bit controls whether prefetches (or speculative accesses) are initiated in response to instruction
fetches.
0 Do not prefetch in response to instruction fetches.
1 Enable prefetches in response to instruction fetches.
0
B0SEBE
Bank 0 Single Entry Buffer Enable
This bit controls whether the single entry page buffer is enabled in response to flash read accesses.
A high-to-low transition of this enable forces the page buffer to be invalidated.
0 Single entry buffer is disabled.
1 Single entry buffer is enabled.
28.4.3 Reserved (FMC_Reserved)
This register address is reserved.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 8h offset = 4001_F008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RReserved 0Reserved 0
W
Reset 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_Reserved field descriptions
Field Description
31–28
Reserved
This field is reserved.
27–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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FMC_Reserved field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
18–17
Reserved
This field is reserved.
16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28.4.4 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW0Sn)
The cache is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are numbered 0-3 and
the sets are numbered 0-3. In TAGVDWxSy, x denotes the way, and y denotes the set.
This section represents tag/vld information for all sets in the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 100h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0tag[18:5]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rtag[18:5] 0valid
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_TAGVDW0Sn field descriptions
Field Description
31–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18–5
tag[18:5]
14-bit tag for cache entry
4–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
valid
1-bit valid for cache entry
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28.4.5 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW1Sn)
The cache is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are numbered 0-3 and
the sets are numbered 0-3. In TAGVDWxSy, x denotes the way, and y denotes the set.
This section represents tag/vld information for all sets in the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 110h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0tag[18:5]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rtag[18:5] 0valid
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_TAGVDW1Sn field descriptions
Field Description
31–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18–5
tag[18:5]
14-bit tag for cache entry
4–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
valid
1-bit valid for cache entry
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28.4.6 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW2Sn)
The cache is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are numbered 0-3 and
the sets are numbered 0-3. In TAGVDWxSy, x denotes the way, and y denotes the set.
This section represents tag/vld information for all sets in the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 120h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0tag[18:5]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rtag[18:5] 0valid
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_TAGVDW2Sn field descriptions
Field Description
31–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18–5
tag[18:5]
14-bit tag for cache entry
4–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
valid
1-bit valid for cache entry
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28.4.7 Cache Tag Storage (FMC_TAGVDW3Sn)
The cache is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are numbered 0-3 and
the sets are numbered 0-3. In TAGVDWxSy, x denotes the way, and y denotes the set.
This section represents tag/vld information for all sets in the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 130h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0tag[18:5]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rtag[18:5] 0valid
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_TAGVDW3Sn field descriptions
Field Description
31–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18–5
tag[18:5]
14-bit tag for cache entry
4–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
valid
1-bit valid for cache entry
28.4.8 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW0SnU)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the upper word (bits [63:32]) of all sets in
the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 200h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[63:32]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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FMC_DATAW0SnU field descriptions
Field Description
data[63:32] Bits [63:32] of data entry
28.4.9 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW0SnL)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the lower word (bits [31:0]) of all sets in the
indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 204h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[31:0]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW0SnL field descriptions
Field Description
data[31:0] Bits [31:0] of data entry
28.4.10 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW1SnU)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the upper word (bits [63:32]) of all sets in
the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 220h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[63:32]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW1SnU field descriptions
Field Description
data[63:32] Bits [63:32] of data entry
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28.4.11 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW1SnL)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the lower word (bits [31:0]) of all sets in the
indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 224h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[31:0]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW1SnL field descriptions
Field Description
data[31:0] Bits [31:0] of data entry
28.4.12 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW2SnU)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the upper word (bits [63:32]) of all sets in
the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 240h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[63:32]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW2SnU field descriptions
Field Description
data[63:32] Bits [63:32] of data entry
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28.4.13 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW2SnL)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the lower word (bits [31:0]) of all sets in the
indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 244h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[31:0]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW2SnL field descriptions
Field Description
data[31:0] Bits [31:0] of data entry
28.4.14 Cache Data Storage (upper word) (FMC_DATAW3SnU)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the upper word (bits [63:32]) of all sets in
the indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 260h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[63:32]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW3SnU field descriptions
Field Description
data[63:32] Bits [63:32] of data entry
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28.4.15 Cache Data Storage (lower word) (FMC_DATAW3SnL)
The cache of 64-bit entries is a 4-way, set-associative cache with 4 sets. The ways are
numbered 0-3 and the sets are numbered 0-3. In DATAWxSyU and DATAWxSyL, x
denotes the way, y denotes the set, and U and L represent upper and lower word,
respectively. This section represents data for the lower word (bits [31:0]) of all sets in the
indicated way.
Address: 4001_F000h base + 264h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rdata[31:0]
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FMC_DATAW3SnL field descriptions
Field Description
data[31:0] Bits [31:0] of data entry
28.5 Functional description
The FMC is a flash acceleration unit with flexible buffers for user configuration. Besides
managing the interface between the device and the flash memory, the FMC can be used
to restrict access from crossbar switch masters and customize the cache and buffers to
provide single-cycle system-clock data-access times. Whenever a hit occurs for the
prefetch speculation buffer, the cache, or the single-entry buffer, the requested data is
transferred within a single system clock.
28.5.1 Default configuration
Upon system reset, the FMC is configured to provide a significant level of buffering for
transfers from the flash memory:
• Crossbar masters 0, 1, 2 have read access to bank 0.
• For bank 0:
• Prefetch support for data and instructions is enabled for crossbar masters 0, 1, 2.
• The cache is configured for least recently used (LRU) replacement for all four
ways.
• The cache is configured for data or instruction replacement.
• The single-entry buffer is enabled.
Functional description
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28.5.2 Configuration options
Though the default configuration provides a high degree of flash acceleration, advanced
users may desire to customize the FMC buffer configurations to maximize throughput for
their use cases. When reconfiguring the FMC for custom use cases, do not program the
FMC's control registers while the flash memory is being accessed. Instead, change the
control registers with a routine executing from RAM in supervisor mode.
The FMC's cache and buffering controls within PFB0CR allow the tuning of resources to
suit particular applications' needs. The cache and buffer are each controlled individually.
The register controls enable buffering and prefetching per access type (instruction fetch
or data reference). The cache also supports 3 types of LRU replacement algorithms:
• LRU per set across all 4 ways,
• LRU with ways [0-1] for instruction fetches and ways [2-3] for data fetches, and
• LRU with ways [0-2] for instruction fetches and way [3] for data fetches.
As an application example: if both instruction fetches and data references are accessing
flash memory, then control is available to send instruction fetches, data references, or
both to the cache or the single-entry buffer. Likewise, speculation can be enabled or
disabled for either type of access. If both instruction fetches and data references are
cached, then the cache's way resources may be divided in several ways between the
instruction fetches and data references.
28.5.3 Speculative reads
The FMC has a single buffer that reads ahead to the next word in the flash memory if
there is an idle cycle. Speculative prefetching is programmable for each bank for
instruction and/or data accesses using the B0DPE and B0IPE fields of PFB0CR. Because
many code accesses are sequential, using the speculative prefetch buffer improves
performance in most cases.
When speculative reads are enabled, the FMC immediately requests the next sequential
address after a read completes. By requesting the next word immediately, speculative
reads can help to reduce or even eliminate wait states when accessing sequential code
and/or data.
For example, consider the following scenario:
• Assume a system with a 4:1 core-to-flash clock ratio and with speculative reads
enabled.
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• The core requests four sequential longwords in back-to-back requests, meaning there
are no core cycle delays except for stalls waiting for flash memory data to be
returned.
• None of the data is already stored in the cache or speculation buffer.
In this scenario, the sequence of events for accessing the four longwords is as follows:
1. The first longword read requires 4 to 7 core clocks. See Wait states for more
information.
2. Due to the 64-bit data bus of the flash memory, the second longword read takes only
1 core clock because the data is already available inside the FMC. While the data for
the second longword is being returned to the core, the FMC also starts reading the
third and fourth longwords from the flash memory.
3. Accessing the third longword requires 3 core clock cycles. The flash memory read
itself takes 4 clocks, but the first clock overlaps with the second longword read.
4. Reading the fourth longword, like the second longword, takes only 1 clock due to the
64-bit flash memory data bus.
28.5.4 Flash Access Control (FAC) Function
The Flash Access Control (FAC) is a configurable memory protection scheme optimized
to allow end users to use software libraries while offering programmable restrictions to
these libraries. The flash memory is divided into equal size segments that provide
protection to proprietary software libraries. The protection of these segments is
controlled: the FAC provides a cycle-by-cycle evaluation of the access rights for each
transaction routed to the on-chip flash memory. Two levels of vendors can add their
proprietary software to a device; FAC protection of segments for each level are defined
once, using the PGMONCE command.
Flash access control aligns to the 3 privilege levels supported by ARM Cortex-M family
products:
• Most secure state is supervisor/privileged secure: allows execute-only and provides
supervisor-only access control.
• Mid-level state is execute-only.
• Unsecure state is where no access control states are set.
Features:
• Lightweight access control logic for on-chip flash memory
• Flash address space divided into (32 or 64) equal-sized segments (segment size is
defined as flash_size [bytes]/(32 or 64))
• Separate control bits for supervisor-only access and execute-only access per segment
• Access control evaluated on each bus cycle routed to the flash
Functional description
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• Access violation errors terminate the bus cycle and return zeroes for read data
• Programming model allows 2 levels of protected segments
28.5.4.1 Memory map and register definitions
The following table shows the mapping of FAC registers. Descriptions of each register
and its bit assignments follow.
• The Flash Management Unit (FMU) supports access to its FAC programming model
via a 32-bit slave peripheral bus connection.
• Unimplemented register bits read as zero.
• For implementations supporting only 32 segments, only the 32-bit "low" register is
implemented.
• Writes to any read-only or reserved registers are ignored; attempts to access flash
register space above offset '2B' will generate a transfer error.
•The terms supervisor and user modes are equivalent to privileged and unprivileged
modes.
•In this FAC section, n refers to the segment number, and x is the acronym of the
module that the registers are in (which sometimes varies from one device to another).
x memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
1C Execute-only Access Register (x_XACC) 32 R See section 28.5.4.1.1/
573
24 Supervisor-only Access Register (x_SACC) 32 R See section 28.5.4.1.2/
574
28 Configuration Register (x_CR) 32 R See section 28.5.4.1.3/
575
28.5.4.1.1 Execute-only Access Register (x_XACC)
The XACC register provides a bit map for the flash segments to allow execute only or
both data and instruction fetches for each associated segment. By definition, execute-only
accesses include instruction fetches or PC-relative data loads from the processor.
During the reset sequence the XACC register is loaded with a pre-programmed value
from non-volatile space in flash. For more about NVM characteristics, see the functional
description. Any change made to an NVM location takes effect on the next system reset.
The flash basis for the values is signified by x in the reset value.
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Address: 0h base + 1Ch offset = 1Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RXA[31:0]
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
Pre-programmed flash valuex = Undefined at reset.•
x_XACC field descriptions
Field Description
XA[31:0] Execute-only Access Control for segments 31-0
0 Associated segment is accessible in execute mode only (as an instruction fetch)
1 Associated segment is accessible as data or in execute mode
28.5.4.1.2 Supervisor-only Access Register (x_SACC)
The SACC register provides a bit map for the flash segments to allow supervisor only or
user and supervisor access to the associated segment.
During the reset sequence the SACC register is loaded with a pre-programmed value
from non-volatile space in flash. For more about NVM characteristics, see the functional
description. Any change made to an NVM location takes effect on the next system reset.
The flash basis for the values is signified by x in the reset value.
Address: 0h base + 24h offset = 24h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSA[31:0]
W
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
Pre-programmed flash valuex = Undefined at reset.•
x_SACC field descriptions
Field Description
SA[31:0] Supervisor Access for segments 31-0
0 Associated segment is accessible in supervisor mode only
1 Associated segment is accessible in user or supervisor mode
Functional description
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28.5.4.1.3 Configuration Register (x_CR)
The FAC Configuration Register provides basic configuration information including the
flash segment size and an indicator of segment divisions.
The NUMSG and SGSIZE values are fixed for a device. The chip-specific basis for the
values is signified by * in the reset value.
Address: 0h base + 28h offset = 28h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RNUMSG 0 SGSIZE
W
Reset * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * * * * *
* Notes:
NUMSG field: Device specific value•
SGSIZE field: Device specific value•
x_CR field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
NUMSG
Number of Segments Indicator
The NUMSG field indicates the number of equal-sized segments in the flash.
0x20 Flash is divided into 32 segments
0x40 Flash is divided into 64 segments
23–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
SGSIZE Segment Size
The segment size is a fixed value calculated from the available flash size (rounded up to nearest power of
2) divided by 32 or 64, depending on the amount of available program flash. This field determines which
bits in the address are used to index into the x_SACC and x_XACC bitmaps to get the appropriate
permission flags. The segment size is defined by the equation 2^(8 + SGSIZE[7:0]). The tables below
show a sampling of possible settings.
Flash Size Segment Size Segment Size Encoding
32 Segment Encodings
16 KBytes 16 KBytes/32 = 512 Bytes 0x1
32 KBytes 32 KBytes/32 = 1 KBytes 0x2
64 KBytes 64 KBytes/32 = 2 KBytes 0x3
128 KBytes 128 KBytes/32 = 4 KBytes 0x4
64 Segment Encodings
256 KBytes 256 KBytes/64 = 4 KBytes 0x4
512 KBytes 512 KBytes/64 = 8 KBytes 0x5
1 MBytes 1 MBytes/64 = 16 KBytes 0x6
Table continues on the next page...
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x_CR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
2 MBytes 2 MBytes/64 = 32 KBytes 0x7
28.5.4.2 FAC functional description
The access control functionality is implemented in 2 separate blocks within the SoC. The
Flash Management Unit (FMU) includes non-volatile configuration information that is
retrieved during reset and and sent to the platform to control access to the flash array
during normal operation.
There are (4) 32-bit NVM storage locations to support access control features. These
NVM locations are summarized in the table below.
Table 28-3. NVM Locations
NVM location Description
NVSACC1, NVSACC2 Two locations are ANDed together and loaded
during reset into the x_SACC register to provide
access configuration.
Segment-wise control for supervisor-only access
vs. supervisor and user access
NVXACC1, NVXACC2 Two locations are ANDed together and loaded
during reset into the x_XACC register to provide
access configuration.
Segment-wise control for execute-only vs. data
and execute
Each of these NVM locations is programmable through a Program Once flash command
and can be programmed one time. These NVM locations are unaffected by Erase All
Blocks flash command and debug interface initiated mass erase operations. Since the 2
NVXACCx fields are ANDed, the access protection can only be increased. A segment's
access controls can be changed from data read and execute (XAn =1) to execute-only
(XAn =0), or from supervisor and user mode (SAn = 1) to supervisor-only mode (SAn =
0).
The flash is released from reset early while the core continues to be held in reset. The
FMU captures the NVM access control information in internal registers. The FMU ANDs
the multiple execute-only fields to create a single execute-only field. This execute-only
field driven to the platform is static prior to the core being released from reset. The
supervisor-only field is handled in the same manner.
Functional description
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The FMU includes the FAC registers that provide control access to the flash address
space. During the address phase of every attempted flash transfer, the supervisor access
(SAn) and execute access (XAn) bits are examined to either allow or deny access. If
access is denied, then the access is aborted and terminates with a bus error; the read data
is also zeroed.
The next table shows segment assignments relative to the flash location.
Table 28-4. Flash Protection Ranges
SAn and XAn
Bit
Protected Segment Address Range Segment Size (Fraction
of total Flash)
64 Segment Encodings
0 0x0_0000_0000 – (Flash_size/64-1) 1/64
1 (Flash_size/64) – 2*(Flash_size/64-1) 1/64
........
63 63*(Flash_size/64) – 62*(Flash_size/64-1) 1/64
32 Segment Encodings
0 0x0_0000_0000 – (Flash_size/32-1) 1/32
1 (Flash_size/32) – 2*(Flash_size/32-1) 1/32
........
31 31*(Flash_size/32) – 30*(Flash_size/32-1) 1/32
Individual segments within the flash memory can be independently protected from user
access and data access. Protection is controlled by the individual bits within the x_SACC
and x_XACC registers, as shown in the next figure.
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32 segments
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
SA0/XA0
0x0000_0000
SA1/XA1
SA2/XA2
SA3/XA3
SA29/XA29
SA31/XA31
SA30/XA30
Program flash
Last program flash address
Access
Control bits
(SAn/XAn)
Figure 28-1. Program flash protection (32 segments)
28.5.4.2.1 Interface Signals
Table 28-5. Interface Signals
Signal Width From To Description
xacc 64 or 32 FMU Platform Direct xacc (execute-only access control) register
sacc 64 or 32 FMU Platform Direct sacc (supervisor access control) register
numsg 8 FMU Platform NUMSG bit field - Binary encoded number of segments
0x40 for 64 segments
0x20 for 32 segments
fac_enable 1 SIM FMU SIM Option bit - derived from an IFR bit and captured in
SIM_SOPTx. A way to disable the flash access control for phantom
devices without this feature.
fac_enable==1 - Access Control feature is enabled
fac_enable==0 - Access Control feature is disabled
• During the reset sequence, XACC registers are written to all
"1"s.
• During the reset sequence, SACC registers are written to all
1"s.
• Implied protection based on XACC registers is turned off.
Functional description
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28.5.4.2.2 Flash Command Impact
Program Longword/Phrase/
Section
If the targeted flash location is in an execute-only protected segment, then these program
commands are not allowed unless a Read 1s All Blocks command is executed and returns
with a pass code (which means the part has been fully erased). After the Read 1s All Blocks
command is executed with a pass code returned, then the protected segment is open to
program commands. To close off programmability to execute-only spaces once again, the
device must be reset or a Read 1s All Blocks command is executed with a fail result.
Attempts to program in a protected segment when not open to program commands causes a
Protection Violation flag.
PGMCHK The FMU will not execute the PGMCHK command on a segment that has been configured as
execute-only. The Flash Protection Violation flag is set if an attempt is made to execute
PGMCHK command on an execute-only address.
Erase Flash Sector If the targeted flash sector is in an execute-only protected segment, then the Erase Flash
Sector command is not allowed, and sets the Protection Violation flag. The only means of
erasing protected space is by an Erase All operation.
ERSALL The Erase All Blocks command is not affected by Access Control. An Erase All Blocks
command will erase any libraries that have been programmed in any execute-only segment.
The programmed execute-only assignment is not erased as part of the Erase All Blocks
command, and access control regions remain as previously programmed.
NOTE: The ERSALL command may be used for field upgrades. Access control states
remain programmed. Software must plan accordingly, possibly making extra space
available for future use.
ERSXA The target regions of the command is controlled by FAC. For ERSXA, if a flash sector is in an
execute-only protected segment and it is not protected by flash protection (FPROT), it will be
erased.
RD1XA The target regions of the command is controlled by FAC. For RD1XA, if a flash sector is in an
execute-only protected segment, it will be erase verified.
28.5.4.2.3 Core Platform Impact
Platform core caches (Flash
and LMEM caches)
If any segment is marked as execute-only, then the caches are hidden from the user. The tag
is read-only and cannot be written, and the data caches cannot be read or written. Writes to
the tag and data arrays are ignored, and reads of the data array return 0's. This will impact
debug breakpoints. See the debug section for details.
Debug The debugger is a non-processor bus master and cannot step, trace or break in execute-only
regions. In supervisor-only mode, the debugger is restricted from changing modes. Debug
accesses to any segment of flash space marked as execute-only also terminate with a bus
error.
PC-relative addressing The PC-relative addressing issue is still being understood and this section will be updated in
the future.
PC relative re-entry to execute-only segments will be allowed.........
Restrictions will be placed on software for PC relative addressing, because hardware cannot
determine if PC relative data references are crossing segment boundaries.
• If ifetch is executing in a protected segment, then data references will be allowed.
• Hardware cannot track speculative ifetches across boundaries.
Interrupts If function calls are used to move into an execute-only segment, then this can be tracked by
hardware when typical software controls are used (i.e., saving registers and states before
executing new code).
Table continues on the next page...
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Reset Vector In the ARM core, the reset vector fetch is supervisor data, which poses issues if the reset
vector is located in a segment marked execute-only. Additional logic has been implemented
to allow supervisor data fetches to execute-only spaces, after reset until the first valid
instruction fetch. After the first valid instruction fetch, the FAC logic follows normal checks.
28.5.4.2.4 Software Impact
As implementation, verification and validation continue, there will be more details on
software impact that will need to be communicated to tool and library vendors. The
hardware cannot see all states of the ARM core and cannot track the software flow, and
may require software restrictions to work with the hardware for a robust solution.
•Any segment marked as execute-only can see all code in the system. This means
that one execute-only segment can read the execute-only code in another segment.
Therefore, if we at the factory are sending pre-loaded code to another vendor, then
that vendor will have access to our factory code. NDAs and legal agreements might
help deal with this issue.
•For single pre-loads (for example, if we at the factory are pre-loading for a general
purpose (GP) market or if a vendor with a blank part is pre-loading their proprietary
code), then both levels of access control must be programmed, to protect the pre-
loaded code.
•If any portion of a protected segment is not used by pre-loaded code, then it (the
portion of a protected segment that is not used by pre-loaded code) should be
programmed with NOPs, to prevent additional code from being programmed in that
segment by hackers.
28.5.4.2.5 Access Check Evaluation
The flash controller FAC provides a cycle-by-cycle evaluation of the access rights for
each data transaction routed to the on-chip flash memory.
The entire flash storage capacity is partitioned into equal sized segments. Two registers
include a supervisor-only access control indicator and a execute-only access control
indicator for each segment.
The FAC logic performs the required access control evaluation using the reference
address and a 2-bit attribute (or "protection" field) as inputs from the bus cycle plus the
contents of the programming model registers.
The following code example illustrates C code for FAC evaluation:
unsigned long long sacc; // supervisor-only map
unsigned long long xacc; // execute-only map
unsigned int seg_size; // 8-bit segment size
unsigned int fac_error;
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fac_evaluation (addr, prot)
unsigned int addr; // access address
unsigned int hprot; // encoded 2-bit "protection" field {supv, data}
{
unsigned int sacc_flag; // sacc flag for this segment
unsigned int xacc_flag; // xacc flag for this segment
unsigned int i; // segment index
i = (addr >> (8 + seg_size & 0x0f)) & 0x3f; // form 6-bit segment index
sacc_flag = (sacc >> i) & 1; // extract sacc bit for this segment
xacc_flag = (xacc >> i) & 1; // extract xacc bit for this segment
// create a 4-tuple concatenating the 2-bit protection field + {sacc, xacc} flags
switch ((hprot & 3) << 2 | (sacc_flag << 1) | xacc_flag) {
// all these combinations are allowed accesses
case 0x2: // {user, ifetch} && {supv+user, ifetch-only}
case 0x3: // {user, ifetch} && {supv+user, ifetch+data}
case 0x7: // {user, data} && {supv+user, ifetch+data}
case 0x8: // {supv, ifetch} && {supv-only, ifetch-only}
case 0x9: // {supv, ifetch} && {supv-only, ifetch+data}
case 0xa: // {supv, ifetch} && {supv+user, ifetch-only}
case 0xb: // {supv, ifetch} && {supv+user, ifetch+data}
case 0xd: // {supv, data} && {supv-only, ifetch+data}
case 0xf: // {supv, data} && {supv+user, ifetch+data}
fac_error = 00;
break;
// all these combinations are unallowed, that is, errored accesses
case 0x0: // {user, ifetch} && {supv-only, ifetch-only}
case 0x1: // {user, ifetch} && {supv-only, ifetch+data}
case 0x4: // {user, data} && {supv-only, ifetch-only}
case 0x5: // {user, data} && {supv-only, ifetch+data}
case 0x6: // {user, data} && {supv+user, ifetch-only}
case 0xc: // {supv, data} && {supv-only, ifetch-only}
case 0xe: // {supv, data} && {supv+user, ifetch-only}
fac_error = 1;
break;
} // switch()
} // fac_evaluation()
28.5.4.2.6 FAC application tips
In one use case, the NVSACC1 and NVXACC1 locations are programmed by NXP and
they protect NXP libraries that have been programmed into associated flash segments in a
device. Later, the NVSACC2 and NVXACC2 NVM locations can optionally be
programmed by a third-party vendor who wants to program their proprietary software and
to extend the protection of protected flash segments to include their software libraries
before supplying it all to their customers.
Their customer would then develop their own code to use the available libraries, and
program their code into the remaining available on-chip flash. The device continues to
support the end user with standard security features that further limit external access to
flash resources.
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28.6 Initialization and application information
The FMC does not require user initialization. Flash acceleration features are enabled by
default.
The FMC has no visibility into flash memory erase and program cycles because the Flash
Memory module manages them directly. As a result, if an application is executing flash
memory commands, the FMC's cache might need to be disabled and/or flushed to prevent
the possibility of returning stale data. Use the PFB0CR[CINV_WAY] field to invalidate
the cache in this manner.
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Chapter 29
Flash Memory Module (FTFA)
29.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The flash memory module includes the following accessible memory regions:
• Program flash memory for vector space and code store
Flash memory is ideal for single-supply applications, permitting in-the-field erase and
reprogramming operations without the need for any external high voltage power sources.
The flash memory module includes a memory controller that executes commands to
modify flash memory contents. An erased bit reads '1' and a programmed bit reads '0'.
The programming operation is unidirectional; it can only move bits from the '1' state
(erased) to the '0' state (programmed). Only the erase operation restores bits from '0' to
'1'; bits cannot be programmed from a '0' to a '1'.
CAUTION
A flash memory location must be in the erased state before
being programmed. Cumulative programming of bits (back-to-
back program operations without an intervening erase) within a
flash memory location is not allowed. Re-programming of
existing 0s to 0 is not allowed as this overstresses the device.
The standard shipping condition for flash memory is erased
with security disabled. Data loss over time may occur due to
degradation of the erased ('1') states and/or programmed ('0')
states. Therefore, it is recommended that each flash block or
sector be re-erased immediately prior to factory programming
to ensure that the full data retention capability is achieved.
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29.1.1 Features
The flash memory module includes the following features.
NOTE
See the device's Chip Configuration details for the exact
amount of flash memory available on your device.
29.1.1.1 Program Flash Memory Features
• Sector size of 2 KB
• Program flash protection scheme prevents accidental program or erase of stored data
• Program flash access control scheme prevents unauthorized access to selected code
segments
• Automated, built-in, program and erase algorithms with verify
29.1.1.2 Other Flash Memory Module Features
• Internal high-voltage supply generator for flash memory program and erase
operations
• Optional interrupt generation upon flash command completion
• Supports MCU security mechanisms which prevent unauthorized access to the flash
memory contents
29.1.2 Block Diagram
The block diagram of the flash memory module is shown in the following figure.
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Program flash
0
To MCU's
flash controller
Interrupt
Control
registers
Status
registers
Register access
Memory controller
Figure 29-1. Flash Block Diagram
29.1.3 Glossary
Command write sequence — A series of MCU writes to the flash FCCOB register
group that initiates and controls the execution of flash algorithms that are built into the
flash memory module.
Endurance — The number of times that a flash memory location can be erased and
reprogrammed.
FCCOB (Flash Common Command Object) — A group of flash registers that are used
to pass command, address, data, and any associated parameters to the memory controller
in the flash memory module.
Flash block — A macro within the flash memory module which provides the nonvolatile
memory storage.
Flash Memory Module — All flash blocks plus a flash management unit providing
high-level control and an interface to MCU buses.
HSRUN — An MCU power mode enabling high-speed access to the memory resources
in the flash module. The user has no access to the flash command set when the MCU is in
HSRUN mode.
IFR — Nonvolatile information register found in each flash block, separate from the
main memory array.
Longword — 32 bits of data with an aligned longword having byte-address[1:0] = 00.
NVM — Nonvolatile memory. A memory technology that maintains stored data during
power-off. The flash array is an NVM using NOR-type flash memory technology.
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NVM Normal Mode — An NVM mode that provides basic user access to flash memory
module resources. The CPU or other bus masters initiate flash program and erase
operations (or other flash commands) using writes to the FCCOB register group in the
flash memory module.
NVM Special Mode — An NVM mode enabling external, off-chip access to the memory
resources in the flash memory module. A reduced flash command set is available when
the MCU is secured. See the Chip Configuration details for information on when this
mode is used.
Phrase — 64 bits of data with an aligned phrase having byte-address[2:0] = 000.
Program flash — The program flash memory provides nonvolatile storage for vectors
and code store.
Program flash Sector — The smallest portion of the program flash memory
(consecutive addresses) that can be erased.
Retention — The length of time that data can be kept in the NVM without experiencing
errors upon readout. Since erased (1) states are subject to degradation just like
programmed (0) states, the data retention limit may be reached from the last erase
operation (not from the programming time).
RWW— Read-While-Write. The ability to simultaneously read from one memory
resource while commanded operations are active in another memory resource.
Secure — An MCU state conveyed to the flash memory module as described in the Chip
Configuration details for this device. In the secure state, reading and changing NVM
contents is restricted.
Word — 16 bits of data with an aligned word having byte-address[0] = 0.
29.2 External Signal Description
The flash memory module contains no signals that connect off-chip.
29.3 Memory Map and Registers
This section describes the memory map and registers for the flash memory module.
Data read from unimplemented memory space in the flash memory module is undefined.
Writes to unimplemented or reserved memory space (registers) in the flash memory
module are ignored.
External Signal Description
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29.3.1 Flash Configuration Field Description
The program flash memory contains a 16-byte flash configuration field that stores default
protection settings (loaded on reset) and security information that allows the MCU to
restrict access to the flash memory module.
Flash Configuration Field Offset
Address Size (Bytes) Field Description
0x0_0400–0x0_0407 8 Backdoor Comparison Key. Refer to
Verify Backdoor Access Key Command
and Unsecuring the Chip Using
Backdoor Key Access.
0x0_0408–0x0_040B 4 Program flash protection bytes. Refer to
the description of the Program Flash
Protection Registers (FPROT0-3).
0x0_040F 1 Reserved
0x0_040E 1 Reserved
0x0_040D 1 Flash nonvolatile option byte. Refer to
the description of the Flash Option
Register (FOPT).
0x0_040C 1 Flash security byte. Refer to the
description of the Flash Security
Register (FSEC).
29.3.2 Program Flash IFR Map
The program flash IFR is nonvolatile information memory that can be read freely, but the
user has no erase and limited program capabilities (see the Read Once, Program Once,
and Read Resource commands in Read Once Command, Program Once Command and
Read Resource Command).
The contents of the program flash IFR are summarized in the table found here and further
described in the subsequent paragraphs.
The program flash IFR is located within the program flash 0 memory block .
Address Range Size (Bytes) Field Description
0x00 – 0x9F 160 Reserved
0xA0 – 0xA3 4 Program Once XACCH-1 Field
(index = 0x10)
0xA4 – 0xA7 4 Program Once XACCL-1 Field
(index = 0x10)
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Address Range Size (Bytes) Field Description
0xA8 – 0xAB 4 Program Once XACCH-2 Field
(index = 0x11)
0xAC – 0xAF 4 Program Once XACCL-2 Field
(index = 0x11)
0xB0 – 0xB3 4 Program Once SACCH-1 Field
(index = 0x12)
0xB4 – 0xB7 4 Program Once SACCL-1 Field
(index = 0x12)
0xB8 – 0xBB 4 Program Once SACCH-2 Field
(index = 0x13)
0xBC – 0xBF 4 Program Once SACCL-2 Field
(index = 0x13)
0xC0 – 0xFF 64 Program Once ID Field
(index = 0x00 - 0x0F)
29.3.2.1 Program Once Field
The Program Once Field in the program flash IFR provides 96 bytes of user data storage
separate from the program flash main array. The user can program the Program Once
Field one time only as there is no program flash IFR erase mechanism available to the
user. The Program Once Field can be read any number of times. This section of the
program flash IFR is accessed in 4-byte or 8-Byte records using the Read Once and
Program Once commands (see Read Once Command and Program Once Command).
29.3.3 Register Descriptions
The flash memory module contains a set of memory-mapped control and status registers.
NOTE
While a command is running (FSTAT[CCIF]=0), register
writes are not accepted to any register except FCNFG and
FSTAT. The no-write rule is relaxed during the start-up reset
sequence, prior to the initial rise of CCIF. During this
initialization period the user may write any register. All register
writes are also disabled (except for registers FCNFG and
FSTAT) whenever an erase suspend request is active
(FCNFG[ERSSUSP]=1).
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FTFA memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_0000 Flash Status Register (FTFA_FSTAT) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.1/
590
4002_0001 Flash Configuration Register (FTFA_FCNFG) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.2/
592
4002_0002 Flash Security Register (FTFA_FSEC) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.3/
593
4002_0003 Flash Option Register (FTFA_FOPT) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.4/
594
4002_0004 Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB3) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_0005 Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB2) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_0006 Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB1) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_0007 Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB0) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_0008 Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB7) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_0009 Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB6) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_000A Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB5) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_000B Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB4) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_000C Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOBB) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_000D Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOBA) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_000E Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB9) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_000F Flash Common Command Object Registers
(FTFA_FCCOB8) 8 R/W 00h 29.3.3.5/
595
4002_0010 Program Flash Protection Registers (FTFA_FPROT3) 8 R/W Undefined 29.3.3.6/
596
4002_0011 Program Flash Protection Registers (FTFA_FPROT2) 8 R/W Undefined 29.3.3.6/
596
4002_0012 Program Flash Protection Registers (FTFA_FPROT1) 8 R/W Undefined 29.3.3.6/
596
4002_0013 Program Flash Protection Registers (FTFA_FPROT0) 8 R/W Undefined 29.3.3.6/
596
4002_0018 Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCH3) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_0019 Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCH2) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
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FTFA memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_001A Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCH1) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_001B Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCH0) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_001C Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCL3) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_001D Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCL2) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_001E Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCL1) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_001F Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCL0) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.7/
598
4002_0020 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCH3) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0021 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCH2) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0022 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCH1) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0023 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCH0) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0024 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCL3) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0025 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCL2) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0026 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCL1) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0027 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCL0) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.8/
599
4002_0028 Flash Access Segment Size Register (FTFA_FACSS) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.9/
600
4002_002B Flash Access Segment Number Register (FTFA_FACSN) 8 R Undefined 29.3.3.10/
601
29.3.3.1 Flash Status Register (FTFA_FSTAT)
The FSTAT register reports the operational status of the flash memory module.
The CCIF, RDCOLERR, ACCERR, and FPVIOL bits are readable and writable. The
MGSTAT0 bit is read only. The unassigned bits read 0 and are not writable.
NOTE
When set, the Access Error (ACCERR) and Flash Protection
Violation (FPVIOL) bits in this register prevent the launch of
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any more commands until the flag is cleared (by writing a one
to it).
Address: 4002_0000h base + 0h offset = 4002_0000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CCIF RDCOLERR ACCERR FPVIOL 0 MGSTAT0
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
FTFA_FSTAT field descriptions
Field Description
7
CCIF
Command Complete Interrupt Flag
Indicates that a flash command has completed. The CCIF flag is cleared by writing a 1 to CCIF to launch a
command, and CCIF stays low until command completion or command violation.
CCIF is reset to 0 but is set to 1 by the memory controller at the end of the reset initialization sequence.
Depending on how quickly the read occurs after reset release, the user may or may not see the 0
hardware reset value.
0 Flash command in progress
1 Flash command has completed
6
RDCOLERR
Flash Read Collision Error Flag
Indicates that the MCU attempted a read from a flash memory resource that was being manipulated by a
flash command (CCIF=0). Any simultaneous access is detected as a collision error by the block arbitration
logic. The read data in this case cannot be guaranteed. The RDCOLERR bit is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
Writing a 0 to RDCOLERR has no effect.
0 No collision error detected
1 Collision error detected
5
ACCERR
Flash Access Error Flag
Indicates an illegal access has occurred to a flash memory resource caused by a violation of the
command write sequence or issuing an illegal flash command. While ACCERR is set, the CCIF flag
cannot be cleared to launch a command. The ACCERR bit is cleared by writing a 1 to ACCERR while
CCIF is set. Writing a 0 to the ACCERR bit has no effect.
0 No access error detected
1 Access error detected
4
FPVIOL
Flash Protection Violation Flag
Indicates an attempt was made to program or erase an address in a protected area of program flash
memory during a command write sequence . While FPVIOL is set, the CCIF flag cannot be cleared to
launch a command. The FPVIOL bit is cleared by writing a 1 to FPVIOL while CCIF is set. Writing a 0 to
the FPVIOL bit has no effect.
0 No protection violation detected
1 Protection violation detected
3–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
MGSTAT0
Memory Controller Command Completion Status Flag
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FTFA_FSTAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
The MGSTAT0 status flag is set if an error is detected during execution of a flash command or during the
flash reset sequence. As a status flag, this field cannot (and need not) be cleared by the user like the other
error flags in this register.
The value of the MGSTAT0 bit for "command-N" is valid only at the end of the "command-N" execution
when CCIF=1 and before the next command has been launched. At some point during the execution of
"command-N+1," the previous result is discarded and any previous error is cleared.
29.3.3.2 Flash Configuration Register (FTFA_FCNFG)
This register provides information on the current functional state of the flash memory
module.
The erase control bits (ERSAREQ and ERSSUSP) have write restrictions. The
unassigned bits read as noted and are not writable.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 1h offset = 4002_0001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CCIE RDCOLLIE ERSAREQ ERSSUSP 0000
Write
Reset 00000000
FTFA_FCNFG field descriptions
Field Description
7
CCIE
Command Complete Interrupt Enable
Controls interrupt generation when a flash command completes.
0 Command complete interrupt disabled
1 Command complete interrupt enabled. An interrupt request is generated whenever the FSTAT[CCIF]
flag is set.
6
RDCOLLIE
Read Collision Error Interrupt Enable
Controls interrupt generation when a flash memory read collision error occurs.
0 Read collision error interrupt disabled
1 Read collision error interrupt enabled. An interrupt request is generated whenever a flash memory
read collision error is detected (see the description of FSTAT[RDCOLERR]).
5
ERSAREQ
Erase All Request
Issues a request to the memory controller to execute the Erase All Blocks command and release security.
ERSAREQ is not directly writable but is under indirect user control. Refer to the device's Chip
Configuration details on how to request this command.
ERSAREQ sets when an erase all request is triggered external to the flash memory module and CCIF is
set (no command is currently being executed). ERSAREQ is cleared by the flash memory module when
the operation completes.
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FTFA_FCNFG field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 No request or request complete
1 Request to:
1. run the Erase All Blocks command,
2. verify the erased state,
3. program the security byte in the Flash Configuration Field to the unsecure state, and
4. release MCU security by setting the FSEC[SEC] field to the unsecure state.
4
ERSSUSP
Erase Suspend
Allows the user to suspend (interrupt) the Erase Flash Sector command while it is executing.
0 No suspend requested
1 Suspend the current Erase Flash Sector command execution.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
29.3.3.3 Flash Security Register (FTFA_FSEC)
This read-only register holds all bits associated with the security of the MCU and flash
memory module.
During the reset sequence, the register is loaded with the contents of the flash security
byte in the Flash Configuration Field located in program flash memory. The flash basis
for the values is signified by X in the reset value.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 2h offset = 4002_0002h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read KEYEN MEEN FSLACC SEC
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
FTFA_FSEC field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
KEYEN
Backdoor Key Security Enable
Enables or disables backdoor key access to the flash memory module.
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FTFA_FSEC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
00 Backdoor key access disabled
01 Backdoor key access disabled (preferred KEYEN state to disable backdoor key access)
10 Backdoor key access enabled
11 Backdoor key access disabled
5–4
MEEN
Mass Erase Enable
Enables and disables mass erase capability of the flash memory module at all times in all NVM modes.
00 Mass erase is enabled
01 Mass erase is enabled
10 Mass erase is disabled
11 Mass erase is enabled
3–2
FSLACC
Factory Security Level Access Code
Enables or disables access to the flash memory contents during returned part failure analysis at NXP.
When SEC is secure and FSLACC is denied, access to the program flash contents is denied and any
failure analysis performed by NXP factory test must begin with a full erase to unsecure the part.
When access is granted (SEC is unsecure, or SEC is secure and FSLACC is granted), NXP factory testing
has visibility of the current flash contents. The state of the FSLACC bits is only relevant when SEC is set
to secure. When SEC is set to unsecure, the FSLACC setting does not matter.
00 NXP factory access granted
01 NXP factory access denied
10 NXP factory access denied
11 NXP factory access granted
SEC Flash Security
Defines the security state of the MCU. In the secure state, the MCU limits access to flash memory module
resources. The limitations are defined per device and are detailed in the Chip Configuration details. If the
flash memory module is unsecured using backdoor key access, SEC is forced to 10b.
00 MCU security status is secure.
01 MCU security status is secure.
10 MCU security status is unsecure. (The standard shipping condition of the flash memory module is
unsecure.)
11 MCU security status is secure.
29.3.3.4 Flash Option Register (FTFA_FOPT)
The flash option register allows the MCU to customize its operations by examining the
state of these read-only bits, which are loaded from NVM at reset. The function of the
bits is defined in the device's Chip Configuration details.
All bits in the register are read-only .
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During the reset sequence, the register is loaded from the flash nonvolatile option byte in
the Flash Configuration Field located in program flash memory. The flash basis for the
values is signified by X in the reset value. However, the register is written to 0xFF if the
contents of the flash nonvolatile option byte are 0x00.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 3h offset = 4002_0003h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read OPT
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
FTFA_FOPT field descriptions
Field Description
OPT Nonvolatile Option
These bits are loaded from flash to this register at reset. Refer to the device's Chip Configuration details
for the definition and use of these bits.
29.3.3.5 Flash Common Command Object Registers (FTFA_FCCOBn)
The FCCOB register group provides 12 bytes for command codes and parameters. The
individual bytes within the set append a 0-B hex identifier to the FCCOB register name:
FCCOB0, FCCOB1, ..., FCCOBB.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 4h offset + (1d × i), where i=0d to 11d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CCOBn
Write
Reset 00000000
FTFA_FCCOBn field descriptions
Field Description
CCOBn The FCCOB register provides a command code and relevant parameters to the memory controller. The
individual registers that compose the FCCOB data set can be written in any order, but you must provide all
needed values, which vary from command to command. First, set up all required FCCOB fields and then
initiate the command’s execution by writing a 1 to the FSTAT[CCIF] bit. This clears the CCIF bit, which
locks all FCCOB parameter fields and they cannot be changed by the user until the command completes
(CCIF returns to 1). No command buffering or queueing is provided; the next command can be loaded
only after the current command completes.
Some commands return information to the FCCOB registers. Any values returned to FCCOB are available
for reading after the FSTAT[CCIF] flag returns to 1 by the memory controller.
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FTFA_FCCOBn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
The following table shows a generic flash command format. The first FCCOB register, FCCOB0, always
contains the command code. This 8-bit value defines the command to be executed. The command code is
followed by the parameters required for this specific flash command, typically an address and/or data
values.
NOTE: The command parameter table is written in terms of FCCOB Number (which is equivalent to the
byte number). This number is a reference to the FCCOB register name and is not the register
address.
FCCOB Number Typical Command Parameter Contents [7:0]
0 FCMD (a code that defines the flash command)
1 Flash address [23:16]
2 Flash address [15:8]
3 Flash address [7:0]
4 Data Byte 0
5 Data Byte 1
6 Data Byte 2
7 Data Byte 3
8 Data Byte 4
9 Data Byte 5
A Data Byte 6
B Data Byte 7
FCCOB Endianness :
The FCCOB register group uses a big endian addressing convention. For all command parameter fields
larger than 1 byte, the most significant data resides in the lowest FCCOB register number.
29.3.3.6 Program Flash Protection Registers (FTFA_FPROTn)
The FPROT registers define which program flash regions are protected from program and
erase operations. Protected flash regions cannot have their content changed; that is, these
regions cannot be programmed and cannot be erased by any flash command. Unprotected
regions can be changed by program and erase operations.
The four FPROT registers allow up to 32 protectable regions. Each bit protects a 1/32
region of the program flash memory except for memory configurations with less than 64
KB of program flash where each assigned bit protects 2 KB . For configurations with 48
KB of program flash memory or less, FPROT0 is not used. For configurations with 32
KB of program flash memory or less, FPROT1 is not used. For configurations with 16
KB of program flash memory, FPROT2 is not used. The bitfields are defined in each
register as follows:
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Program flash protection register Program flash protection bits
FPROT0 PROT[31:24]
FPROT1 PROT[23:16]
FPROT2 PROT[15:8]
FPROT3 PROT[7:0]
During the reset sequence, the FPROT registers are loaded with the contents of the
program flash protection bytes in the Flash Configuration Field as indicated in the
following table.
Program flash protection register Flash Configuration Field offset address
FPROT0 0x000B
FPROT1 0x000A
FPROT2 0x0009
FPROT3 0x0008
To change the program flash protection that is loaded during the reset sequence,
unprotect the sector of program flash memory that contains the Flash Configuration
Field. Then, reprogram the program flash protection byte.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 10h offset + (1d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read PROT
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
FTFA_FPROTn field descriptions
Field Description
PROT Program Flash Region Protect
Each program flash region can be protected from program and erase operations by setting the associated
PROT bit.
In NVM Normal mode: The protection can only be increased, meaning that currently unprotected memory
can be protected, but currently protected memory cannot be unprotected. Since unprotected regions are
marked with a 1 and protected regions use a 0, only writes changing 1s to 0s are accepted. This 1-to-0
transition check is performed on a bit-by-bit basis. Those FPROT bits with 1-to-0 transitions are accepted
while all bits with 0-to-1 transitions are ignored.
In NVM Special mode: All bits of FPROT are writable without restriction. Unprotected areas can be
protected and protected areas can be unprotected.
Restriction: The user must never write to any FPROT register while a command is running (CCIF=0).
Trying to alter data in any protected area in the program flash memory results in a protection violation
error and sets the FSTAT[FPVIOL] bit. A full block erase of a program flash block is not possible if it
contains any protected region.
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FTFA_FPROTn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Each bit in the 32-bit protection register represents 1/32 of the total program flash except for memory
configurations with less than 64 KB of program flash where each assigned bit protects 2 KB .
0 Program flash region is protected.
1 Program flash region is not protected
29.3.3.7 Execute-only Access Registers (FTFA_XACCn)
The XACC registers define which program flash segments are restricted to data read or
execute only or both data and instruction fetches.
The eight XACC registers allow up to 64 restricted segments of equal memory size.
Execute-only access register Program flash execute-only access bits
XACCH0 XA[63:56]
XACCH1 XA[55:48]
XACCH2 XA[47:40]
XACCH3 XA[39:32]
XACCL0 XA[31:24]
XACCL1 XA[23:16]
XACCL2 XA[15:8]
XACCL3 XA[7:0]
During the reset sequence, the XACC registers are loaded with the logical AND of
Program Flash IFR addresses A and B as indicated in the following table.
Execute-only access register Program Flash IFR address A Program Flash IFR address B
XACCH0 0xA3 0xAB
XACCH1 0xA2 0xAA
XACCH2 0xA1 0xA9
XACCH3 0xA0 0xA8
XACCL0 0xA7 0xAF
XACCL1 0xA6 0xAE
XACCL2 0xA5 0xAD
XACCL3 0xA4 0xAC
Use the Program Once command to program the execute-only access control fields that
are loaded during the reset sequence.
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Address: 4002_0000h base + 18h offset + (1d × i), where i=0d to 7d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read XA
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
FTFA_XACCn field descriptions
Field Description
XA Execute-only access control
0 Associated segment is accessible in execute mode only (as an instruction fetch)
1 Associated segment is accessible as data or in execute mode
29.3.3.8 Supervisor-only Access Registers (FTFA_SACCn)
The SACC registers define which program flash segments are restricted to supervisor
only or user and supervisor access.
The eight SACC registers allow up to 64 restricted segments of equal memory size.
Supervisor-only access register Program flash supervisor-only access bits
SACCH0 SA[63:56]
SACCH1 SA[55:48]
SACCH2 SA[47:40]
SACCH3 SA[39:32]
SACCL0 SA[31:24]
SACCL1 SA[23:16]
SACCL2 SA[15:8]
SACCL3 SA[7:0]
During the reset sequence, the SACC registers are loaded with the logical AND of
Program Flash IFR addresses A and B as indicated in the following table.
Supervisor-only access register Program Flash IFR address A Program Flash IFR address B
SACCH0 0xB3 0xBB
SACCH1 0xB2 0xBA
SACCH2 0xB1 0xB9
SACCH3 0xB0 0xB8
Table continues on the next page...
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Supervisor-only access register Program Flash IFR address A Program Flash IFR address B
SACCL0 0xB7 0xBF
SACCL1 0xB6 0xBE
SACCL2 0xB5 0xBD
SACCL3 0xB4 0xBC
Use the Program Once command to program the supervisor-only access control fields
that are loaded during the reset sequence.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 20h offset + (1d × i), where i=0d to 7d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SA
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
FTFA_SACCn field descriptions
Field Description
SA Supervisor-only access control
0 Associated segment is accessible in supervisor mode only
1 Associated segment is accessible in user or supervisor mode
29.3.3.9 Flash Access Segment Size Register (FTFA_FACSS)
The flash access segment size register determines which bits in the address are used to
index into the SACC and XACC bitmaps to get the appropriate permission flags.
All bits in the register are read-only.
The contents of this register are loaded during the reset sequence.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 28h offset = 4002_0028h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SGSIZE
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
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FTFA_FACSS field descriptions
Field Description
SGSIZE Segment Size
The segment size is a fixed value based on the available program flash size divided by NUMSG.
Program Flash Size Segment Size Segment Size Encoding
64 KBytes 2 KBytes 0x3
128 KBytes 4 KBytes 0x4
160 KBytes 4 KBytes 0x4
256 KBytes 4 KBytes 0x4
512 KBytes 8 KBytes 0x5
29.3.3.10 Flash Access Segment Number Register (FTFA_FACSN)
The flash access segment number register provides the number of program flash
segments that are available for XACC and SACC permissions.
All bits in the register are read-only.
The contents of this register are loaded during the reset sequence.
Address: 4002_0000h base + 2Bh offset = 4002_002Bh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read NUMSG
Write
Reset x* x* x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
FTFA_FACSN field descriptions
Field Description
NUMSG Number of Segments Indicator
The NUMSG field indicates the number of equal-sized segments in the program flash.
0x20 Program flash memory is divided into 32 segments (64 Kbytes, 128 Kbytes)
0x28 Program flash memory is divided into 40 segments (160 Kbytes)
0x4x Program flash memory is divided into 64 segments (256 Kbytes, 512 Kbytes)
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29.4 Functional Description
The information found here describes functional details of the flash memory module.
29.4.1 Flash Protection
Individual regions within the flash memory can be protected from program and erase
operations.
Protection is controlled by the following registers:
•FPROTn —
• For 2n program flash sizes, four registers typically protect 32 regions of the
program flash memory as shown in the following figure
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
Program flash size / 32
FPROT3[PROT0]
0x0_0000
FPROT3[PROT1]
FPROT3[PROT2]
FPROT3[PROT3]
FPROT0[PROT29]
FPROT0[PROT31]
FPROT0[PROT30]
Program flash
Last program flash address
Figure 29-2. Program flash protection
NOTE
Flash protection features are discussed further in AN4507:
Using the Kinetis Security and Flash Protection Features . Not
all features described in the application note are available on
this device.
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29.4.2 Flash Access Protection
Individual segments within the program flash memory can be designated for restricted
access. Specific flash commands (Program Check, Program Longword, Erase Flash
Sector) monitor FXACC contents to protect flash memory but the FSACC contents do
not impact flash command operation.
See AN5112: Using the Kinetis Flash Execute-Only Access Control Feature for further
details.
Access is controlled by the following registers:
• FTFA_XACC —
• For 2n program flash sizes 128KB or less, four registers control 32 segments of
the program flash memory as shown in the following figure
Program flash size / 32 XACCL3[XA0]
0x0_0000
Program flash
Last program flash address
Program flash size / 32 XACCL3[XA1]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL3[XA2]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL3[XA3]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL3[XA4]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL2[XA15]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL1[XA16]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL0[XA27]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL0[XA28]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL0[XA29]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL0[XA30]
Program flash size / 32 XACCL0[XA31]
Figure 29-3. Program flash execute-only access control (64KB or 128KB of program
flash)
• FTFA_SACC —
• For 2n program flash sizes 128KB or less, four registers control 32 segments of
the program flash memory as shown in the following figure
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Program flash size / 32 SACCL3[SA0]
0x0_0000
Program flash
Last program flash address
Program flash size / 32 SACCL3[SA1]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL3[SA2]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL3[SA3]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL3[SA4]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL2[SA15]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL1[SA16]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL0[SA27]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL0[SA28]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL0[SA29]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL0[SA30]
Program flash size / 32 SACCL0[SA31]
Figure 29-4. Program flash supervisor access control (64KB or 128KB of program flash)
29.4.3 Interrupts
The flash memory module can generate interrupt requests to the MCU upon the
occurrence of various flash events.
These interrupt events and their associated status and control bits are shown in the
following table.
Table 29-1. Flash Interrupt Sources
Flash Event Readable
Status Bit
Interrupt
Enable Bit
Flash Command Complete FSTAT[CCIF] FCNFG[CCIE]
Flash Read Collision Error FSTAT[RDCOLERR] FCNFG[RDCOLLIE]
Note
Vector addresses and their relative interrupt priority are
determined at the MCU level.
Some devices also generate a bus error response as a result of a Read Collision Error
event. See the chip configuration information to determine if a bus error response is also
supported.
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29.4.4 Flash Operation in Low-Power Modes
29.4.4.1 Wait Mode
When the MCU enters wait mode, the flash memory module is not affected. The flash
memory module can recover the MCU from wait via the command complete interrupt
(see Interrupts).
29.4.4.2 Stop Mode
When the MCU requests stop mode, if a flash command is active (CCIF = 0) the
command execution completes before the MCU is allowed to enter stop mode.
CAUTION
The MCU should never enter stop mode while any flash
command is running (CCIF = 0).
NOTE
While the MCU is in very-low-power modes (VLPR, VLPW,
VLPS), the flash memory module does not accept flash
commands.
29.4.5 Functional Modes of Operation
The flash memory module has two operating modes: NVM Normal and NVM Special.
The operating mode affects the command set availability (see Table 29-2). Refer to the
Chip Configuration details of this device for how to activate each mode.
29.4.6 Flash Reads and Ignored Writes
The flash memory module requires only the flash address to execute a flash memory
read.
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The MCU must not read from the flash memory while commands are running (as
evidenced by CCIF=0) on that block. Read data cannot be guaranteed from a flash block
while any command is processing within that block. The block arbitration logic detects
any simultaneous access and reports this as a read collision error (see the
FSTAT[RDCOLERR] bit).
29.4.7 Read While Write (RWW)
The following simultaneous accesses are not allowed:
• Reading from program flash memory space while a flash command is active
(CCIF=0).
29.4.8 Flash Program and Erase
All flash functions except read require the user to setup and launch a flash command
through a series of peripheral bus writes.
The user cannot initiate any further flash commands until notified that the current
command has completed. The flash command structure and operation are detailed in
Flash Command Operations.
29.4.9 Flash Command Operations
Flash command operations are typically used to modify flash memory contents.
The next sections describe:
• The command write sequence used to set flash command parameters and launch
execution
• A description of all flash commands available
29.4.9.1 Command Write Sequence
Flash commands are specified using a command write sequence illustrated in Figure
29-5. The flash memory module performs various checks on the command (FCCOB)
content and continues with command execution if all requirements are fulfilled.
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Before launching a command, the ACCERR and FPVIOL bits in the FSTAT register
must be zero and the CCIF flag must read 1 to verify that any previous command has
completed. If CCIF is zero, the previous command execution is still active, a new
command write sequence cannot be started, and all writes to the FCCOB registers are
ignored.
Attempts to launch a flash command in VLP mode will be ignored. Attempts to launch a
flash command in HSRUN mode will be trapped with the ACCERR flag being set.
29.4.9.1.1 Load the FCCOB Registers
The user must load the FCCOB registers with all parameters required by the desired flash
command. The individual registers that make up the FCCOB data set can be written in
any order.
29.4.9.1.2 Launch the Command by Clearing CCIF
Once all relevant command parameters have been loaded, the user launches the command
by clearing FSTAT[CCIF] by writing a '1' to it. FSTAT[CCIF] remains 0 until the flash
command completes.
The FSTAT register contains a blocking mechanism that prevents a new command from
launching (can't clear FSTAT[CCIF]) if the previous command resulted in an access error
(FSTAT[ACCERR]=1) or a protection violation (FSTAT[FPVIOL]=1). In error
scenarios, two writes to FSTAT are required to initiate the next command: the first write
clears the error flags, the second write clears CCIF.
29.4.9.1.3 Command Execution and Error Reporting
The command processing has several steps:
1. The flash memory module reads the command code and performs a series of
parameter checks and protection checks, if applicable, which are unique to each
command.
If the parameter check fails, the FSTAT[ACCERR] (access error) flag is set.
FSTAT[ACCERR] reports invalid instruction codes and out-of bounds addresses.
Usually, access errors suggest that the command was not set-up with valid
parameters in the FCCOB register group.
Program and erase commands also check the address to determine if the operation is
requested to execute on protected areas. If the protection check fails,
FSTAT[FPVIOL] (protection error) flag is set.
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Command processing never proceeds to execution when the parameter or protection
step fails. Instead, command processing is terminated after setting FSTAT[CCIF].
2. If the parameter and protection checks pass, the command proceeds to execution.
Run-time errors, such as failure to erase verify, may occur during the execution
phase. Run-time errors are reported in FSTAT[MGSTAT0]. A command may have
access errors, protection errors, and run-time errors, but the run-time errors are not
seen until all access and protection errors have been corrected.
3. Command execution results, if applicable, are reported back to the user via the
FCCOB and FSTAT registers.
4. The flash memory module sets FSTAT[CCIF] signifying that the command has
completed.
The flow for a generic command write sequence is illustrated in the following figure.
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Clear the CCIF to launch the command
Write 0x80 to FSTAT register
Clear the old errors
Access Error and
Protection Violation
Check
FCCOB
ACCERR/
FPVIOL
Set?
EXIT
Write to the FCCOB registers
to load the required command parameter.
More
Parameters?
Availability Check
Results from previous command
Read: FSTAT register
Write 0x30 to FSTAT register
no
yes
no
yes
Previous command complete?
no CCIF
= ‘1’?
yes
START
CCIF
= ‘1’?
Read: FSTAT register
no
yes
Bit Polling for
Command Completion
Check
Figure 29-5. Generic flash command write sequence flowchart
29.4.9.2 Flash Commands
The following table summarizes the function of all flash commands.
FCMD Command Program flash Function
0x01 Read 1s Section × Verify that a given number of
program flash locations from
a starting address are
erased.
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FCMD Command Program flash Function
0x02 Program Check × Tests previously-programmed
locations at margin read
levels.
0x03 Read Resource IFR, ID Read 4 bytes from program
flash IFR or version ID.
0x06 Program Longword × Program 4 bytes in a program
flash block.
0x09 Erase Flash Sector × Erase all bytes in a program
flash sector.
0x40 Read 1s All Blocks × Verify that the program flash
block is erased then release
MCU security.
0x41 Read Once IFR Read 4 bytes of a dedicated
64 byte field in the program
flash 0 IFR.
0x43 Program Once IFR One-time program of 4 bytes
of a dedicated 64-byte field in
the program flash 0 IFR.
0x44 Erase All Blocks × Erase the program flash
block, verify-erase and
release MCU security.
NOTE: An erase is only
possible when all
memory locations
are unprotected.
0x45 Verify Backdoor Access Key × Release MCU security after
comparing a set of user-
supplied security keys to
those stored in the program
flash.
0x4A Read 1s All Execute-only
Segments
× Verify that all program flash
execute-only (XA) segments
are erased then release flash
access control.
0x4B Erase All Execute-only
Segments
× Erase all program flash
execute-only (XA) segments
then release flash access
control.
29.4.9.3 Flash Commands by Mode
The following table shows the flash commands that can be executed in each flash
operating mode.
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Table 29-2. Flash Commands by Mode
FCMD Command NVM Normal NVM Special
Unsecure Secure MEEN=10 Unsecure Secure MEEN=10
0x01 Read 1s Section × × × × — —
0x02 Program Check × × × × — —
0x03 Read Resource × × × × — —
0x06 Program Longword × × × × — —
0x09 Erase Flash Sector × × × × — —
0x40 Read 1s All Blocks × × — × × —
0x41 Read Once × × × × — —
0x43 Program Once × × × × — —
0x44 Erase All Blocks × × — × × —
0x45 Verify Backdoor Access
Key × × × × — —
0x4A Read 1s All Execute-only
Segments × × × × — —
0x4B Erase All Execute-only
Segments × × × × — —
29.4.10 Margin Read Commands
The Read-1s commands (Read 1s All Blocks, Read 1s Section, Read 1s All Execute-only
Segments) and the Program Check command have a margin choice parameter that allows
the user to apply non-standard read reference levels to the program flash array reads
performed by these commands. Using the preset 'user' and 'factory' margin levels, these
commands perform their associated read operations at tighter tolerances than a 'normal'
read. These non-standard read levels are applied only during the command execution.
Basic flash array reads use the standard, un-margined, read reference level.
Only the 'normal' read level should be employed during normal flash usage. The non-
standard, 'user' and 'factory' margin levels should be employed only in special cases.
They can be used during special diagnostic routines to gain confidence that the device is
not suffering from the end-of-life data loss customary of flash memory devices.
Erased ('1') and programmed ('0') bit states can degrade due to elapsed time and data
cycling (number of times a bit is erased and re-programmed). The lifetime of the erased
states is relative to the last erase operation. The lifetime of the programmed states is
measured from the last program time.
The 'user' and 'factory' levels become, in effect, a minimum safety margin; i.e. if the reads
pass at the tighter tolerances of the 'user' and 'factory' margins, then the 'normal' reads
have at least this much safety margin before they experience data loss.
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The 'user' margin is a small delta to the normal read reference level. 'User' margin levels
can be employed to check that flash memory contents have adequate margin for normal
level read operations. If unexpected read results are encountered when checking flash
memory contents at the 'user' margin levels, loss of information might soon occur during
'normal' readout.
The 'factory' margin is a bigger deviation from the norm, a more stringent read criteria
that should only be attempted immediately (or very soon) after completion of an erase or
program command, early in the cycling life. 'Factory' margin levels can be used to check
that flash memory contents have adequate margin for long-term data retention at the
normal level setting. If unexpected results are encountered when checking flash memory
contents at 'factory' margin levels, the flash memory contents should be erased and
reprogrammed.
CAUTION
Factory margin levels must only be used during verify of the
initial factory programming.
29.4.11 Flash Command Description
This section describes all flash commands that can be launched by a command write
sequence.
The flash memory module sets the FSTAT[ACCERR] bit and aborts the command
execution if any of the following illegal conditions occur:
• There is an unrecognized command code in the FCCOB FCMD field.
• There is an error in a FCCOB field for the specific commands. Refer to the error
handling table provided for each command.
Ensure that FSTAT[ACCERR] and FSTAT[FPVIOL] are cleared prior to starting the
command write sequence. As described in Launch the Command by Clearing CCIF, a
new command cannot be launched while these error flags are set.
Do not attempt to read a flash block while the flash memory module is running a
command (FSTAT[CCIF] = 0) on that same block. The flash memory module may return
invalid data to the MCU with the collision error flag (FSTAT[RDCOLERR]) set.
CAUTION
Flash data must be in the erased state before being
programmed. Cumulative programming of bits (adding more
zeros) is not allowed.
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29.4.11.1 Read 1s Section Command
The Read 1s Section command checks if a section of program flash memory is erased to
the specified read margin level. The Read 1s Section command defines the starting
address and the number of phrases to be verified.
Table 29-3. Read 1s Section Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x01 (RD1SEC)
1 Flash address [23:16] of the first phrase to be verified
2 Flash address [15:8] of the first phrase to be verified
3 Flash address [7:0]1 of the first phrase to be verified
4 Number of phrases to be verified [15:8]
5 Number of phrases to be verified [7:0]
6 Read-1 Margin Choice
1. Must be phrase aligned (Flash address [2:0] = 000).
Upon clearing CCIF to launch the Read 1s Section command, the flash memory module
sets the read margin for 1s according to Table 29-4 and then reads all locations within the
specified section of flash memory. If the flash memory module fails to read all 1s (that is,
the flash section is not erased), FSTAT[MGSTAT0] is set. FSTAT[CCIF] sets after the
Read 1s Section operation completes.
Table 29-4. Margin Level Choices for Read 1s Section
Read Margin Choice Margin Level Description
0x00 Use the 'normal' read level for 1s
0x01 Apply the 'User' margin to the normal read-1 level
0x02 Apply the 'Factory' margin to the normal read-1 level
Table 29-5. Read 1s Section Command Error Handling
Error condition Error bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid margin code is supplied. FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid flash address is supplied. FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is not phrase aligned. FSTAT[ACCERR]
The requested section crosses a Flash block boundary. FSTAT[ACCERR]
The requested number of phrases is 0. FSTAT[ACCERR]
Read-1s fails. FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
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29.4.11.2 Program Check Command
The Program Check command tests a previously programmed program flash longword to
see if it reads correctly at the specified margin level.
Table 29-6. Program Check Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x02 (PGMCHK)
1 Flash address [23:16]
2 Flash address [15:8]
3 Flash address [7:0]1
4 Margin Choice
8 Byte 0 expected data
9 Byte 1 expected data
A Byte 2 expected data
B Byte 3 expected data
1. Must be longword aligned (Flash address [1:0] = 00).
Upon clearing CCIF to launch the Program Check command, the flash memory module
sets the read margin for 1s according to Table 29-7, reads the specified longword, and
compares the actual read data to the expected data provided by the FCCOB. If the
comparison at margin-1 fails, FSTAT[MGSTAT0] is set.
The flash memory module then sets the read margin for 0s, re-reads, and compares again.
If the comparison at margin-0 fails, FSTAT[MGSTAT0] is set. FSTAT[CCIF] is set after
the Program Check operation completes.
The supplied address must be longword aligned (the lowest two bits of the byte address
must be 00):
• Byte 3 data is written to the supplied byte address ('start'),
• Byte 2 data is programmed to byte address start+0b01,
• Byte 1 data is programmed to byte address start+0b10,
• Byte 0 data is programmed to byte address start+0b11.
NOTE
See the description of margin reads, Margin Read Commands
Table 29-7. Margin Level Choices for Program Check
Read Margin Choice Margin Level Description
0x01 Read at 'User' margin-1 and 'User' margin-0
0x02 Read at 'Factory' margin-1 and 'Factory' margin-0
Functional Description
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Table 29-8. Program Check Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid flash address is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is not longword aligned FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid margin choice is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is located in an XA controlled segment and the Erase All Blocks or the Read
1s All Blocks command has not successfully completed since the last reset FSTAT[FPVIOL]
Either of the margin reads does not match the expected data FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
29.4.11.3 Read Resource Command
The Read Resource command allows the user to read data from special-purpose memory
resources located within the flash memory module. The special-purpose memory
resources available include program flash IFR space and the Version ID field. Each
resource is assigned a select code as shown in Table 29-10.
Table 29-9. Read Resource Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x03 (RDRSRC)
1 Flash address [23:16]
2 Flash address [15:8]
3 Flash address [7:0]1
Returned Values
4 Read Data [31:24]
5 Read Data [23:16]
6 Read Data [15:8]
7 Read Data [7:0]
User-provided values
8 Resource Select Code (see Table 29-10)
1. Must be longword aligned (Flash address [1:0] = 00).
Table 29-10. Read Resource Select Codes
Resource
Select Code Description Resource Size Local Address Range
0x00 Program Flash 0 IFR 256 Bytes 0x00_0000–0x00_00FF
0x011Version ID 8 Bytes 0x00_0000–0x00_0007
1. Located in program flash 0 reserved space.
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After clearing CCIF to launch the Read Resource command, four consecutive bytes are
read from the selected resource at the provided relative address and stored in the FCCOB
register. The CCIF flag sets after the Read Resource operation completes. The Read
Resource command exits with an access error if an invalid resource code is provided or if
the address for the applicable area is out-of-range.
Table 29-11. Read Resource Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid resource code is entered FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is out-of-range for the targeted resource. FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is not longword aligned FSTAT[ACCERR]
29.4.11.4 Program Longword Command
The Program Longword command programs four previously-erased bytes in the program
flash memory using an embedded algorithm.
CAUTION
A flash memory location must be in the erased state before
being programmed. Cumulative programming of bits (back-to-
back program operations without an intervening erase) within a
flash memory location is not allowed. Re-programming of
existing 0s to 0 is not allowed as this overstresses the device.
Table 29-12. Program Longword Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x06 (PGM4)
1 Flash address [23:16]
2 Flash address [15:8]
3 Flash address [7:0]1
4 Byte 0 program value
5 Byte 1 program value
6 Byte 2 program value
7 Byte 3 program value
1. Must be longword aligned (Flash address [1:0] = 00).
Functional Description
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Upon clearing CCIF to launch the Program Longword command, the flash memory
module programs the data bytes into the flash using the supplied address. The targeted
flash locations must be currently unprotected (see the description of the FPROT registers)
to permit execution of the Program Longword operation.
The programming operation is unidirectional. It can only move NVM bits from the erased
state ('1') to the programmed state ('0'). Erased bits that fail to program to the '0' state are
flagged as errors in FSTAT[MGSTAT0]. The CCIF flag is set after the Program
Longword operation completes.
The supplied address must be longword aligned (flash address [1:0] = 00):
• Byte 3 data is written to the supplied byte address ('start'),
• Byte 2 data is programmed to byte address start+0b01,
• Byte 1 data is programmed to byte address start+0b10, and
• Byte 0 data is programmed to byte address start+0b11.
Table 29-13. Program Longword Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid flash address is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is not longword aligned FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address points to a protected area FSTAT[FPVIOL]
Flash address is located in an XA controlled segment and the Erase All
Blocks or the Read 1s All Blocks command has not successfully
completed since the last reset
FSTAT[FPVIOL]
Any errors have been encountered during the verify operation FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
29.4.11.5 Erase Flash Sector Command
The Erase Flash Sector operation erases all addresses in a flash sector.
Table 29-14. Erase Flash Sector Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x09 (ERSSCR)
1 Flash address [23:16] in the flash sector to be erased
2 Flash address [15:8] in the flash sector to be erased
3 Flash address [7:0]1 in the flash sector to be erased
1. Must be phrase aligned (flash address [2:0] = 000).
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After clearing CCIF to launch the Erase Flash Sector command, the flash memory
module erases the selected program flash sector and then verifies that it is erased. The
Erase Flash Sector command aborts if the selected sector is protected (see the description
of the FPROT registers). If the erase-verify fails the FSTAT[MGSTAT0] bit is set. The
CCIF flag is set after the Erase Flash Sector operation completes. The Erase Flash Sector
command is suspendable (see the FCNFG[ERSSUSP] bit and Figure 29-6).
Table 29-15. Erase Flash Sector Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid Flash address is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
Flash address is not phrase aligned FSTAT[ACCERR]
The selected program flash sector is protected FSTAT[FPVIOL]
The selected program flash sector is located in an XA controlled segment and the Erase All
Blocks or the Read 1s All Blocks command has not successfully completed since the last
reset
FSTAT[FPVIOL]
Any errors have been encountered during the verify operation1FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
1. User margin read may be run using the Read 1s Section command to verify all bits are erased.
29.4.11.5.1 Suspending an Erase Flash Sector Operation
To suspend an Erase Flash Sector operation set the FCNFG[ERSSUSP] bit when CCIF,
ACCERR, and FPVIOL are clear and the CCOB command field holds the code for the
Erase Flash Sector command. During the Erase Flash Sector operation (see Erase Flash
Sector Command), the flash memory module samples the state of the ERSSUSP bit at
convenient points. If the flash memory module detects that the ERSSUSP bit is set, the
Erase Flash Sector operation is suspended and the flash memory module sets CCIF.
While ERSSUSP is set, all writes to flash registers are ignored except for writes to the
FSTAT and FCNFG registers.
If an Erase Flash Sector operation effectively completes before the flash memory module
detects that a suspend request has been made, the flash memory module clears the
ERSSUSP bit prior to setting CCIF. When an Erase Flash Sector operation has been
successfully suspended, the flash memory module sets CCIF and leaves the ERSSUSP bit
set. While CCIF is set, the ERSSUSP bit can only be cleared to prevent the withdrawal of
a suspend request before the flash memory module has acknowledged it.
Functional Description
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29.4.11.5.2 Resuming a Suspended Erase Flash Sector Operation
If the ERSSUSP bit is still set when CCIF is cleared to launch the next command, the
previous Erase Flash Sector operation resumes. The flash memory module acknowledges
the request to resume a suspended operation by clearing the ERSSUSP bit. A new
suspend request can then be made by setting ERSSUSP. A single Erase Flash Sector
operation can be suspended and resumed multiple times.
There is a minimum elapsed time limit of 4.3 msec between the request to resume the
Erase Flash Sector operation (CCIF is cleared) and the request to suspend the operation
again (ERSSUSP is set). This minimum time period is required to ensure that the Erase
Flash Sector operation will eventually complete. If the minimum period is continually
violated, i.e. the suspend requests come repeatedly and too quickly, no forward progress
is made by the Erase Flash Sector algorithm. The resume/suspend sequence runs
indefinitely without completing the erase.
29.4.11.5.3 Aborting a Suspended Erase Flash Sector Operation
The user may choose to abort a suspended Erase Flash Sector operation by clearing the
ERSSUSP bit prior to clearing CCIF for the next command launch. When a suspended
operation is aborted, the flash memory module starts the new command using the new
FCCOB contents.
Note
Aborting the erase leaves the bitcells in an indeterminate,
partially-erased state. Data in this sector is not reliable until a
new erase command fully completes.
The following figure shows how to suspend and resume the Erase Flash Sector operation.
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Restore Erase Algo
Clear SUSPACK = 0
ERSSCR Command
(Write FCCOB)
Launch/Resume Command
(Clear CCIF)
CCIF = 1?
Request Suspend
(Set ERSSUSP)
Interrupt?
CCIF = 1?
Service Interrupt
(Read Flash)
ERSSUSP=0?
Next Command
(Write FCCOB)
Clear ERSSUSP
Enter with CCIF = 1
Resume
ERSSCR
No
Memory Controller
Command Processing
SUSPACK=1
Clear ERSSUSP
Execute
Yes
DONE?
No
ERSSUSP=1?
Save Erase Algo
Set CCIF
No
Yes
Start
New
Resume Erase?
No, Abort
User Cmd Interrupt/Suspend
Set SUSPACK = 1
ERSSCR Suspended
Command Initiation
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
ERSSCR
Completed
ERSSCR Suspended
ERSSUSP=1
ERSSUSP: Bit in FCNFG register
SUSPACK: Internal Suspend Acknowledge
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
ERSSCR Completed
ERSSUSP=0
Figure 29-6. Suspend and Resume of Erase Flash Sector Operation
Functional Description
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29.4.11.6 Read 1s All Blocks Command
The Read 1s All Blocks command checks if the program flash blocks have been erased to
the specified read margin level, if applicable, and releases security if the readout passes,
i.e. all data reads as '1'.
Table 29-16. Read 1s All Blocks Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x40 (RD1ALL)
1 Read-1 Margin Choice
After clearing CCIF to launch the Read 1s All Blocks command, the flash memory
module :
• sets the read margin for 1s according to Table 29-17,
• checks the contents of the program flash are in the erased state.
If the flash memory module confirms that these memory resources are erased, access
control is disabled and security is released by setting the FSEC[SEC] field to the
unsecure state. The security byte in the flash configuration field (see Flash Configuration
Field Description) remains unaffected by the Read 1s All Blocks command. If the read
fails, i.e. all memory resources are not in the fully erased state, the FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
bit is set.
The CCIF flag sets after the Read 1s All Blocks operation has completed.
Table 29-17. Margin Level Choices for Read 1s All Blocks
Read Margin Choice Margin Level Description
0x00 Use the 'normal' read level for 1s
0x01 Apply the 'User' margin to the normal read-1 level
0x02 Apply the 'Factory' margin to the normal read-1 level
Table 29-18. Read 1s All Blocks Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid margin choice is specified FSTAT[ACCERR]
Read-1s fails FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
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29.4.11.7 Read Once Command
The Read Once command provides read access to special 96-byte fields located in the
program flash 0 IFR (see Program Flash IFR Map and Program Once Field). Access to
the Program Once ID field is via 16 records (index values 0x00 - 0x0F), each 4 bytes
long. Access to the Program Once XACC and SACC fields are via 4 records (index
values 0x10 - 0x13), each of which is 8 bytes long. These fields are programmed using
the Program Once command described in Program Once Command.
Table 29-19. Read Once Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x41 (RDONCE)
1 Program Once record index (0x00 - 0x13)
2 Not used
3 Not used
Returned Values
4 Program Once byte 0 value
5 Program Once byte 1 value
6 Program Once byte 2 value
7 Program Once byte 3 value
8 Program Once byte 4 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
9 Program Once byte 5 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
10 Program Once byte 6 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
11 Program Once byte 7 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
After clearing CCIF to launch the Read Once command, a 4-byte or 8-byte Program
Once record is read and stored in the FCCOB register. The CCIF flag is set after the Read
Once operation completes. Valid record index values for the Read Once command range
from 0x00 - 0x13. During execution of the Read Once command, any attempt to read
addresses within the program flash block containing the selected record index returns
invalid data. The Read Once command can be executed any number of times.
Table 29-20. Read Once Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid record index is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
Functional Description
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29.4.11.8 Program Once Command
The Program Once command enables programming to special 96-byte fields in the
program flash 0 IFR (see Program Flash IFR Map and Program Once Field). Access to
the Program Once ID field is via 16 records (index values 0x00 - 0x0F), each 4 bytes
long. Access to the Program Once XACC and SACC fields are via 4 records (index
values 0x10 - 0x13), each of which is 8 bytes long. These records can be read using the
Read Once command (see Read Once Command) or using the Read Resource command
(see Read Resource Command). These records can be programmed only once since the
program flash 0 IFR cannot be erased.
Table 29-21. Program Once Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x43 (PGMONCE)
1 Program Once record index (0x00 - 0x13)
2 Not Used
3 Not Used
4 Program Once byte 0 value
5 Program Once byte 1 value
6 Program Once byte 2 value
7 Program Once byte 3 value
8 Program Once byte 4 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
9 Program Once byte 5 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
10 Program Once byte 6 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
11 Program Once byte 7 value (index 0x10 - 0x13)
After clearing CCIF to launch the Program Once command, the flash memory module
first verifies that the selected record is erased. If erased, then the selected record is
programmed using the values provided. The Program Once command also verifies that
the programmed values read back correctly. The CCIF flag is set after the Program Once
operation has completed.
Any attempt to program one of these records when the existing value is not Fs (erased) is
not allowed. Valid record index values for the Program Once command range from 0x00
- 0x13. During execution of the Program Once command, any attempt to read addresses
within the program flash block containing the selected record index returns invalid data.
Table 29-22. Program Once Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid record index is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
The requested record has already been programmed to a non-FFFF value1FSTAT[ACCERR]
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 29-22. Program Once Command Error Handling (continued)
Error Condition Error Bit
Any errors have been encountered during the verify operation FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
1. If a Program Once record is initially programmed to 0xFFFF_FFFF (0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF for index 0x10 - 0x13),
the Program Once command is allowed to execute again on that same record.
29.4.11.9 Erase All Blocks Command
The Erase All Blocks operation erases all flash memory, verifies all memory contents,
and releases MCU security.
Table 29-23. Erase All Blocks Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x44 (ERSALL)
After clearing CCIF to launch the Erase All Blocks command, the flash memory module
erases all program flash memory, then verifies that all are erased.
If the flash memory module verifies that all flash memories were properly erased, access
control is disabled and security is released by setting the FSEC[SEC] field to the
unsecure state. The Erase All Blocks command aborts if any flash region is protected.
The security byte and all other contents of the flash configuration field (see Flash
Configuration Field Description) are erased by the Erase All Blocks command. If the
erase-verify fails, the FSTAT[MGSTAT0] bit is set. The CCIF flag is set after the Erase
All Blocks operation completes.
Access control determined by the contents of the FXACC registers will not block
execution of the Erase All Blocks command. While most Flash memory will be erased,
the program flash IFR space containing the Program Once XACC and SACC fields will
not be erased and, therefore, the contents of the Program Once XACC and SACC fields
will not change. The contents of the FXACC and FSACC registers will not be impacted
by the execution of the Erase All Blocks command. After completion of the Erase All
Blocks command, access control is disabled until the next reset of the flash module or the
Read 1s All Blocks command is executed and fails (FSTAT[MGSTAT0] is set).
Table 29-24. Erase All Blocks Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
Any region of the program flash memory is protected FSTAT[FPVIOL]
Any errors have been encountered during the verify operation1FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
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1. User margin read may be run using the Read 1s All Blocks command to verify all bits are erased.
29.4.11.9.1 Triggering an Erase All External to the Flash Memory Module
The functionality of the Erase All Blocks command is also available in an uncommanded
fashion outside of the flash memory. Refer to the device's Chip Configuration details for
information on this functionality.
Before invoking the external erase all function, the FSTAT[ACCERR and PVIOL] flags
must be cleared and the FCCOB0 register must not contain 0x44. When invoked, the
erase-all function erases all program flash memory regardless of the protection settings. If
the post-erase verify passes, access control determined by the contents of the FXACC
registers is disabled and the routine then releases security by setting the FSEC[SEC] field
register to the unsecure state. The security byte in the Flash Configuration Field is also
programmed to the unsecure state. The status of the erase-all request is reflected in the
FCNFG[ERSAREQ] bit. The FCNFG[ERSAREQ] bit is cleared once the operation
completes and the normal FSTAT error reporting is available, except FPVIOL, as
described in Erase All Blocks Command.
29.4.11.10 Verify Backdoor Access Key Command
The Verify Backdoor Access Key command only executes if the mode and security
conditions are satisfied (see Flash Commands by Mode). Execution of the Verify
Backdoor Access Key command is further qualified by the FSEC[KEYEN] bits. The
Verify Backdoor Access Key command releases security if user-supplied keys in the
FCCOB match those stored in the Backdoor Comparison Key bytes of the Flash
Configuration Field (see Flash Configuration Field Description). The column labelled
Flash Configuration Field offset address shows the location of the matching byte in the
Flash Configuration Field.
Table 29-25. Verify Backdoor Access Key Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0] Flash Configuration Field Offset Address
0 0x45 (VFYKEY)
1-3 Not Used
4 Key Byte 0 0x0_0003
5 Key Byte 1 0x0_0002
6 Key Byte 2 0x0_0001
7 Key Byte 3 0x0_0000
8 Key Byte 4 0x0_0007
9 Key Byte 5 0x0_0006
A Key Byte 6 0x0_0005
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 29-25. Verify Backdoor Access Key Command FCCOB Requirements (continued)
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0] Flash Configuration Field Offset Address
B Key Byte 7 0x0_0004
After clearing CCIF to launch the Verify Backdoor Access Key command, the flash
memory module checks the FSEC[KEYEN] bits to verify that this command is enabled.
If not enabled, the flash memory module sets the FSTAT[ACCERR] bit and terminates.
If the command is enabled, the flash memory module compares the key provided in
FCCOB to the backdoor comparison key in the Flash Configuration Field. If the
backdoor keys match, the FSEC[SEC] field is changed to the unsecure state and security
is released. If the backdoor keys do not match, security is not released and all future
attempts to execute the Verify Backdoor Access Key command are immediately aborted
and the FSTAT[ACCERR] bit is (again) set to 1 until a reset of the flash memory module
module occurs. If the entire 8-byte key is all zeros or all ones, the Verify Backdoor
Access Key command fails with an access error. The CCIF flag is set after the Verify
Backdoor Access Key operation completes.
Table 29-26. Verify Backdoor Access Key Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
The supplied key is all-0s or all-Fs FSTAT[ACCERR]
An incorrect backdoor key is supplied FSTAT[ACCERR]
Backdoor key access has not been enabled (see the description of the FSEC register) FSTAT[ACCERR]
This command is launched and the backdoor key has mismatched since the last power down
reset FSTAT[ACCERR]
29.4.11.11 Read 1s All Execute-only Segments Command
The Read 1s All Execute-only Segments command checks if the program flash execute-
only segments defined by the FXACC registers have been erased to the specified read
margin level, if applicable, and releases flash access control if the readout passes, i.e. all
data reads as '1'.
Table 29-27. Read 1s All Execute-only Segments Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x4A (RD1XA)
1 Read-1 Margin Choice
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After clearing CCIF to launch the Read 1s All Execute-only Segments command, the
flash memory module :
• sets the read margin for 1s according to Table 29-28,
• checks the contents of the program flash execute-only segments are in the erased
state.
If the flash memory module confirms that these segments are erased, flash access control
is disabled until the next reset or, after programming any of the execute-only segments,
the Read 1s All Execute-only Segments command is executed and fails with the
FSTAT[MGSTAT0] bit set. If the read fails, i.e. all segments are not in the fully erased
state, the FSTAT[MGSTAT0] bit is set.
The CCIF flag sets after the Read 1s All Execute-only Segments operation has
completed.
Table 29-28. Margin Level Choices for Read 1s All Execute-only Segments
Read Margin Choice Margin Level Description
0x00 Use the 'normal' read level for 1s
0x01 Apply the 'User' margin to the normal read-1 level
0x02 Apply the 'Factory' margin to the normal read-1 level
Table 29-29. Read 1s All Execute-only Segments Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
An invalid margin choice is specified FSTAT[ACCERR]
Sector size is larger than segment size FSTAT[ACCERR]
Read-1s fails FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
29.4.11.12 Erase All Execute-only Segments Command
The Erase All Execute-only Segments operation erases all program flash execute-only
segments defined by the FXACC registers, verifies all segments are erased, and releases
flash access control.
Table 29-30. Erase All Execute-only Segments Command FCCOB Requirements
FCCOB Number FCCOB Contents [7:0]
0 0x4B (ERSXA)
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After clearing CCIF to launch the Erase All Execute-only Segments command, the flash
memory module erases all program flash execute-only segments, then verifies that all
segments are erased.
If the flash memory module verifies that all segments were properly erased, flash access
control is disabled until the next reset or, after programming any of the execute-only
segments, the Read 1s All Execute-only Segments command is executed and fails with
the FSTAT[MGSTAT0] bit set. The Erase All Execute-only Segments command aborts if
any XA controlled segment is protected. If the erase-verify fails, the FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
bit is set. The CCIF flag is set after the Erase All Execute-only Segments operation
completes.
Access control determined by the contents of the FXACC registers will not block
execution of the Erase All Execute-only Segments command. While all XA controlled
segments will be erased, the program flash IFR space containing the Program Once
XACC fields will not be erased and, therefore, the contents of the Program Once XACC
fields will not change. The contents of the FXACC registers will not be impacted by the
execution of the Erase All Execute-only Segments command.
Table 29-31. Erase All Execute-only Segments Command Error Handling
Error Condition Error Bit
Command not available in current mode/security FSTAT[ACCERR]
Sector size is larger than segment size FSTAT[ACCERR]
Any XA controlled segment in the program flash memory is protected FSTAT[FPVIOL]
Any errors have been encountered during the verify operation FSTAT[MGSTAT0]
29.4.12 Security
The flash memory module provides security information to the MCU based on contents
of the FSEC security register.
The MCU then limits access to flash memory resources as defined in the device's Chip
Configuration details. During reset, the flash memory module initializes the FSEC
register using data read from the security byte of the Flash Configuration Field (see Flash
Configuration Field Description).
The following fields are available in the FSEC register. The settings are described in the
Flash Security Register (FTFA_FSEC) details.
Flash security features are discussed further in AN4507: Using the Kinetis Security and
Flash Protection Features . Note that not all features described in the application note are
available on this device.
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Table 29-32. FSEC register fields
FSEC field Description
KEYEN Backdoor Key Access
MEEN Mass Erase Capability
FSLACC Factory Security Level Access
SEC MCU security
29.4.12.1 Flash Memory Access by Mode and Security
The following table summarizes how access to the flash memory module is affected by
security and operating mode.
Table 29-33. Flash Memory Access Summary
Operating Mode Chip Security State
Unsecure Secure
NVM Normal Full command set
NVM Special Full command set Only the Erase All Blocks and Read 1s All
Blocks commands.
29.4.12.2 Changing the Security State
The security state out of reset can be permanently changed by programming the security
byte of the flash configuration field. This assumes that you are starting from a mode
where the necessary program flash erase and program commands are available and that
the region of the program flash containing the flash configuration field is unprotected. If
the flash security byte is successfully programmed, its new value takes affect after the
next chip reset.
29.4.12.2.1 Unsecuring the Chip Using Backdoor Key Access
The chip can be unsecured by using the backdoor key access feature, which requires
knowledge of the contents of the 8-byte backdoor key value stored in the Flash
Configuration Field (see Flash Configuration Field Description). If the FSEC[KEYEN]
bits are in the enabled state, the Verify Backdoor Access Key command (see Verify
Backdoor Access Key Command) can be run; it allows the user to present prospective
keys for comparison to the stored keys. If the keys match, the FSEC[SEC] bits are
changed to unsecure the chip. The entire 8-byte key cannot be all 0s or all 1s; that is,
0000_0000_0000_0000h and FFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFFh are not accepted by the Verify
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Backdoor Access Key command as valid comparison values. While the Verify Backdoor
Access Key command is active, program flash memory is not available for read access
and returns invalid data.
The user code stored in the program flash memory must have a method of receiving the
backdoor keys from an external stimulus. This external stimulus would typically be
through one of the on-chip serial ports.
If the KEYEN bits are in the enabled state, the chip can be unsecured by the following
backdoor key access sequence:
1. Follow the command sequence for the Verify Backdoor Access Key command as
explained in Verify Backdoor Access Key Command
2. If the Verify Backdoor Access Key command is successful, the chip is unsecured and
the FSEC[SEC] bits are forced to the unsecure state
An illegal key provided to the Verify Backdoor Access Key command prohibits further
use of the Verify Backdoor Access Key command. A reset of the chip is the only method
to re-enable the Verify Backdoor Access Key command when a comparison fails.
After the backdoor keys have been correctly matched, the chip is unsecured by changing
the FSEC[SEC] bits. A successful execution of the Verify Backdoor Access Key
command changes the security in the FSEC register only. It does not alter the security
byte or the keys stored in the Flash Configuration Field (Flash Configuration Field
Description). After the next reset of the chip, the security state of the flash memory
module reverts back to the flash security byte in the Flash Configuration Field. The
Verify Backdoor Access Key command sequence has no effect on the program and erase
protections defined in the program flash protection registers.
If the backdoor keys successfully match, the unsecured chip has full control of the
contents of the Flash Configuration Field. The chip may erase the sector containing the
Flash Configuration Field and reprogram the flash security byte to the unsecure state and
change the backdoor keys to any desired value.
29.4.13 Reset Sequence
On each system reset the flash memory module executes a sequence which establishes
initial values for the flash block configuration parameters, FPROT, FOPT, FSEC,
FXACC, FSACC, and FACNFG registers.
Functional Description
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FSTAT[CCIF] is cleared throughout the reset sequence. The flash memory module holds
off CPU access during the reset sequence. Flash reads are possible when the hold is
removed. Completion of the reset sequence is marked by setting CCIF which enables
flash user commands.
If a reset occurs while any flash command is in progress, that command is immediately
aborted. The state of the word being programmed or the sector/block being erased is not
guaranteed. Commands and operations do not automatically resume after exiting reset.
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Functional Description
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Chapter 30
EzPort
30.1 Overview
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The EzPort module is a serial flash programming interface that enables In-System
Programming (ISP) of flash memory contents in a 32-bit general-purpose
microcontroller. Memory contents can be read/erased/programmed from an external
source, in a format that is compatible with many standalone flash memory chips, without
requiring the removal of the microcontroller from the system board.
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30.1.1 Block diagram
Flash
Controller
Flash Memory
Microcontroller
Core
EzPort Enabled
G
Reset Controller
Reset
Reset Out
EZP_CS
EZP_CK
EZP_D
EZP_Q
EzPort
Figure 30-1. EzPort block diagram
30.1.2 Features
EzPort includes the following features:
• Serial interface that is compatible with a subset of the SPI format.
• Ability to read, erase, and program flash memory.
• Ability to reset the microcontroller, allowing it to boot from the flash memory after
the memory has been configured.
30.1.3 Modes of operation
The EzPort can operate in one of two modes, enabled or disabled.
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• Enabled — When enabled, the EzPort steals access to the flash memory, preventing
access from other cores or peripherals. The rest of the microcontroller is disabled to
avoid conflicts. The flash is configured for NVM Special mode.
• Disabled — When the EzPort is disabled, the rest of the microcontroller can access
flash memory as normal.
The EzPort provides a simple interface to connect an external device to the flash memory
on board a 32 bit microcontroller. The interface itself is compatible with the SPI
interface, with the EzPort operating as a slave, running in either of the two following
modes. The data is transmitted with the most significant bit first.
• CPOL = 0, CPHA = 0
• CPOL = 1, CPHA = 1
Commands are issued by the external device to erase, program, or read the contents of the
flash memory. The serial data out from the EzPort is tri-stated unless data is being driven.
This allows the signal to be shared among several different EzPort (or compatible)
devices in parallel, as long as they have different chip-selects.
30.2 External signal descriptions
After the table of EzPort external signals, subsequent sections explain the signals in more
detail.
Table 30-1. EzPort external signals
JTAG (cJTAG)
Signal External Signal Name I/O
TCK (TCKC) EZP_CK EzPort Clock Input
TMS (TMSC) EZP_CS EzPort Chip Select Input
TDI (TDIC) EZP_D EzPort Serial Data In Input
TDO (TDOC) EZP_Q EzPort Serial Data Out Output
30.2.1 EzPort Clock (EZP_CK)
EZP_CK is the serial clock for data transfers. The serial data in (EZP_D) and chip select
(EZP_CS) are registered on the rising edge of EZP_CK, while serial data out (EZP_Q) is
driven on the falling edge of EZP_CK.
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The maximum frequency of the EzPort clock is half the system clock frequency for all
commands, except when executing the Read Data commands. When executing the Read
Data commands, the EzPort clock has a maximum frequency of 1/8 the system clock
frequency.
30.2.2 EzPort Chip Select (EZP_CS)
EZP_CS is the chip select for signaling the start and end of serial transfers. While
EZP_CS is asserted, if the microcontroller's reset out signal is negated, then EzPort is
enabled out of reset; otherwise EzPort is disabled. After EzPort is enabled, asserting
EZP_CS starts a serial data transfer, which continues until EZP_CS is negated again. The
negation of EZP_CS indicates that the current command has finished and resets the
EzPort state machine, so that EzPort is ready to receive the next command.
30.2.3 EzPort Serial Data In (EZP_D)
EZP_D is the serial data in for data transfers. EZP_D is registered on the rising edge of
EZP_CK. All commands, addresses, and data are shifted in most significant bit first.
When the EzPort is driving output data on EZP_Q, the data shifted in EZP_D is ignored.
30.2.4 EzPort Serial Data Out (EZP_Q)
EZP_Q is the serial data out for data transfers. EZP_Q is driven on the falling edge of
EZP_CK. It is tri-stated unless EZP_CS is asserted and the EzPort is driving data out. All
data is shifted out most significant bit first.
30.3 Command definition
The EzPort receives commands from an external device and translates the commands into
flash memory accesses. The following table lists the supported commands.
Table 30-2. EzPort commands
Command Description Code Address
Bytes Data Bytes Accepted when
secure?
WREN Write Enable 0x06 0 0 Yes
WRDI Write Disable 0x04 0 0 Yes
RDSR Read Status Register 0x05 0 1 Yes
Table continues on the next page...
Command definition
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Table 30-2. EzPort commands (continued)
Command Description Code Address
Bytes Data Bytes Accepted when
secure?
READ Flash Read Data 0x03 311+ No
FAST_READ Flash Read Data at High Speed 0x0B 311+2No
SP Flash Section Program 0x02 334 - SECTION4No
SE Flash Sector Erase 0xD8 330 No
BE Flash Bulk Erase 0xC7 0 0 Yes5
RESET Reset Chip 0xB9 0 0 Yes
WRFCCOB Write FCCOB Registers 0xBA 0 12 Yes6
FAST_RDFCCOB Read FCCOB registers at high
speed 0xBB 0 1 - 122No
1. Address must be 32-bit aligned (two LSBs must be zero).
2. One byte of dummy data must be shifted in before valid data is shifted out.
3. Address must be 32-bit aligned (two LSBs must be zero).
4. Please see the Flash Memory chapter for a definition of section size. Total number of data bytes programmed must be a
multiple of 4.
5. Bulk Erase is accepted when the BEDIS status field is not set.
6. The flash will be in NVM Special mode, restricting the type of commands that can be executed through WRITE_FCCOB
when security is enabled.
30.3.1 Command descriptions
This section describes the module commands.
30.3.1.1 Write Enable
CMD[7:0]=0x06
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-2. Write Enable command sequence
The Write Enable (WREN) command sets the write enable register field in the EzPort
status register. The write enable field must be set for a write command (SP, SE, BE,
WRFCCOB) to be accepted. The write enable register field clears on reset, on a Write
Disable command, and at the completion of write command. This command must not be
used if a write is already in progress.
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30.3.1.2 Write Disable
CMD[7:0]=0x04
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-3. Write Disable command sequence
The Write Disable (WRDI) command clears the write enable register field in the status
register. This command must not be used if a write is already in progress.
30.3.1.3 Read Status Register
CMD[7:0]=0x05
SR[7:0]
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-4. Read Status Register command sequence
The Read Status Register (RDSR) command returns the contents of the EzPort status
register.
Table 30-3. EzPort status register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R FS WEF BEDIS WEN WIP
W
Reset: 0/110 0 0 0 0/130 14
1. Reset value reflects the status of flash security out of reset.
3. Reset value reflects whether bulk erase is enabled or disabled out of reset.
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4. Initial value of WIP is 1, but the value clears to 0 after EzPort initialization is complete.
Table 30-4. EzPort status register field description
Field Description
0
WIP
Write in progress.
Sets after a write command (SP, SE, BE, WRFCCOB) is accepted and clears after the flash memory has
completed all operations associated with the write command, as indicated by the Command Complete
Interrupt Flag (CCIF) inside the flash. This field is also asserted on reset and cleared when EzPort
initialization is complete. Only the Read Status Register (RDSR) command is accepted while a write is in
progress.
0 = Write is not in progress. Accept any command.
1 = Write is in progress. Only accept RDSR command.
1
WEN
Write enable
Enables the write comman that follows. It is a control field that must be set before a write command (SP,
SE, BE, WRFCCOB) is accepted. Is set by the Write Enable (WREN) command and cleared by reset or a
Write Disable (WRDI) command. This field also clears when the flash memory has completed all operations
associated with the command.
0 = Disables the following write command.
1 = Enables the following write command.
2
BEDIS
Bulk erase disable
Indicates whether bulk erase (BE) is disabled.
0 = BE is enabled.
1 = BE is disabled. Attempts to issue a BE command will result in the WEF flag being set.
6
WEF
Write error flag
Indicates whether there has been an error while executing a write command (SP, SE, BE, WRFCCOB).
The WEF flag will set if Flash Access Error Flag (ACCERR), Flash Protection Violation (FPVIOL), or
Memory Controller Command Completion Status (MGSTAT0) inside the flash memory is set at the
completion of the write command. See the flash memory chapter for further description of these flags and
their sources. The WEF flag clears after a Read Status Register (RDSR) command.
0 = No error on previous write command.
1 = Error on previous write command.
7
FS
Flash security
Indicates whether the flash is secure. See Table 30-2 for the list of commands that will be accepted when
flash is secure. Flash security can be disabled by performing a BE command.
0 = Flash is not secure.
1 = Flash is secure.
30.3.1.4 Read Data
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CMD[7:0]=0x03 ADDRESS[23:0]
DATA0[7:0] DATAn[7:0]
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-5. Read command sequence
The Read Data (READ) command returns data from the flash memory . The initial
address must be 32-bit aligned with the two LSBs being zero.
Data continues being returned for as long as the EzPort chip select (EZP_CS) is asserted,
with the address automatically incrementing. In this way, the entire contents of flash can
be returned by one command. Attempts to read from an address which does not fall
within the valid address range for the flash memory regions returns unknown data. See
Flash memory map for EzPort access.
For this command to return the correct data, the EzPort clock (EZP_CK) must run at the
internal system clock divided by eight or slower. This command is not accepted if the
WEF, WIP, or FS field in the EzPort status register is set.
30.3.1.5 Read Data at High Speed
CMD[7:0]=0x0B ADDRESS[23:0]
DATA0[7:0]
Dummy Byte
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-6. Read Data at High Speed command sequence
The Read Data at High Speed (FAST_READ) command is identical to the READ
command, except for the inclusion of a dummy byte following the address bytes and
before the first data byte is returned.
This command can be run with an EzPort clock (EZP_CK) frequency of half the internal
system clock frequency of the microcontroller or slower. This command is not accepted if
the WEF, WIP, or FS field in the EzPort status register is set.
Command definition
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30.3.1.6 Section Program
CMD[7:0]=0x02 ADDRESS[23:0] DATA0[7:0] DATAn[7:0]
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-7. Section Program command sequence
The Section Program (SP) command programs up to one section of flash memory that has
previously been erased. Please see the Flash Memory chapter for a definition of section
size. The starting address of the memory to program is sent after the command word and
must be a 32-bit aligned address with the two LSBs being zero.
As data is shifted in, the EzPort buffers the data in System RAM before sequentially
moving the data into flash using the Program Longword command. For this reason, the
number of bytes to be programmed must be a multiple of 4 and up to one flash section
can be programmed at a time. For more details, see the Flash Memory Module.
Attempts to program from an initial address which does not fall within the valid address
range for the flash causes the WEF flag to set. See Flash memory map for EzPort access.
This command is not accepted if the WEF, WIP, or FS field is set or if the WEN field is
not set in the EzPort status register.
30.3.1.7 Sector Erase
CMD[7:0]=0xD8 ADDRESS[23:0]
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-8. Sector Erase command sequence
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The Sector Erase (SE) command erases the contents of one sector of flash memory. The
three byte address sent after the command byte can be any address within the sector to
erase, but must be a 64-bit aligned address (the three LSBs must be zero). Attempts to
erase from an initial address which does not fall within the valid address range (see Flash
memory map for EzPort access) for the flash results in the WEF flag being set.
This command is not accepted if the WEF, WIP or FS field is set or if the WEN field is
not set in the EzPort status register.
30.3.1.8 Bulk Erase
CMD[7:0]=0xC7
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-9. Bulk Erase command sequence
The Bulk Erase (BE) command erases the entire contents of flash memory, ignoring any
protected sectors or flash security. Flash security is disabled upon successful completion
of the BE command.
Attempts to issue a BE command while the BEDIS field is set results in the WEF flag
being set in the EzPort status register. Also, this command is not accepted if the WEF or
WIP field is set or if the WEN field is not set in the EzPort status register.
30.3.1.9 EzPort Reset Chip
CMD[7:0]=0xB9
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-10. Reset Chip command sequence
Command definition
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The Reset Chip (RESET) command forces the chip into the reset state. If the EzPort chip
select (EZP_CS) pin is asserted at the end of the reset period, EzPort is enabled;
otherwise, it is disabled. This command allows the chip to boot up from flash memory
after being programmed by an external source.
This command is not accepted if the WIP field is set in the EzPort status register.
30.3.1.10 Write FCCOB Registers
CMD[7:0]=0xBA FCCOB_0[7:0] FCCOB_1[7:0] FCCOB_B[7:0]
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-11. Write FCCOB Registers command sequence
The Write FCCOB Registers (WRFCCOB) command allows the user to write to the flash
common command object registers and execute any command allowed by the flash.
NOTE
When security is enabled, the flash is configured in NVM
Special mode, restricting the commands that can be executed by
the flash.
After receiving 12 bytes of data, EzPort writes the data to the FCCOB 0-B registers in the
flash and then automatically launches the command within the flash. If greater or less
than 12 bytes of data is received, this command has unexpected results and may result in
the WEF flag being set.
This command is not accepted if the WEF or WIP field is set or if the WEN field is not
set in the EzPort status register.
30.3.1.11 Read FCCOB Registers at High Speed
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CMD[7:0]=0xBB
FCCOB_0[7:0] FCCOB_B[7:0]
Dummy Byte
EZP_CK
EZP_CS
EZP_D
EZP_Q
Figure 30-12. Read FCCOB Registers at High Speed command sequence
The Read FCCOB Registers at High Speed (FAST_RDFCCOB) command allows the
user to read the contents of the flash common command object registers. After receiving
the command, EzPort waits for one dummy byte of data before returning FCCOB register
data starting at FCCOB 0 and ending with FCCOB B.
This command can be run with an EzPort clock (EZP_CK) frequency half the internal
system clock frequency of the microcontroller or slower. Attempts to read greater than 12
bytes of data returns unknown data. This command is not accepted if the WEF, WIP, or
FS fields in the EzPort status register are 1.
30.4 Flash memory map for EzPort access
The following table shows the flash memory map for access through EzPort.
NOTE
The flash block address map for access through EzPort may not
conform to the system memory map. Changes are made to
allow the EzPort address width to remain 24 bits.
Table 30-5. Flash Memory Map for EzPort Access
Valid start address Size Flash block Valid commands
0x0000_0000 See device's chip
configuration details Flash READ, FAST_READ, SP, SE, BE
Flash memory map for EzPort access
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Chapter 31
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
31.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) module generates 16/32-bit CRC code for error
detection.
The CRC module provides a programmable polynomial and other parameters required to
implement a 16-bit or 32-bit CRC standard.
The 16/32-bit code is calculated for 32 bits of data at a time.
31.1.1 Features
Features of the CRC module include:
• Hardware CRC generator circuit using a 16-bit or 32-bit programmable shift register
• Programmable initial seed value and polynomial
• Option to transpose input data or output data (the CRC result) bitwise or bytewise.
This option is required for certain CRC standards. A bytewise transpose operation is
not possible when accessing the CRC data register via 8-bit accesses. In this case, the
user's software must perform the bytewise transpose function.
• Option for inversion of final CRC result
• 32-bit CPU register programming interface
31.1.2 Block diagram
The following is a block diagram of the CRC.
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WAS
Polynomial
MUX
CRC Engine
NOT
Logic
Reverse
Logic
Reverse
Logic
[31:24]
[23:16]
[15:8]
[7:0] CRC Data
Seed
TOT TOTRFXOR
Combine
Logic
TCRC
[31:24]
[23:16]
[15:8]
[7:0]
16-/32-bit Select
CRC Data Register
CRC Polynomial
Register [31:24]
[23:16]
[15:8]
[7:0]
CRC Data Register
Checksum
Data
Figure 31-1. Programmable cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block diagram
31.1.3 Modes of operation
Various MCU modes affect the CRC module's functionality.
31.1.3.1 Run mode
This is the basic mode of operation.
31.1.3.2 Low-power modes (Wait or Stop)
Any CRC calculation in progress stops when the MCU enters a low-power mode that
disables the module clock. It resumes after the clock is enabled or via the system reset for
exiting the low-power mode. Clock gating for this module is dependent on the MCU.
31.2 Memory map and register descriptions
CRC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_2000 CRC Data register (CRC_DATA) 32 R/W FFFF_FFFFh 31.2.1/647
4003_2004 CRC Polynomial register (CRC_GPOLY) 32 R/W 0000_1021h 31.2.2/648
4003_2008 CRC Control register (CRC_CTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 31.2.3/648
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31.2.1 CRC Data register (CRC_DATA)
The CRC Data register contains the value of the seed, data, and checksum. When
CTRL[WAS] is set, any write to the data register is regarded as the seed value. When
CTRL[WAS] is cleared, any write to the data register is regarded as data for general CRC
computation.
In 16-bit CRC mode, the HU and HL fields are not used for programming the seed value,
and reads of these fields return an indeterminate value. In 32-bit CRC mode, all fields are
used for programming the seed value.
When programming data values, the values can be written 8 bits, 16 bits, or 32 bits at a
time, provided all bytes are contiguous; with MSB of data value written first.
After all data values are written, the CRC result can be read from this data register. In 16-
bit CRC mode, the CRC result is available in the LU and LL fields. In 32-bit CRC mode,
all fields contain the result. Reads of this register at any time return the intermediate CRC
value, provided the CRC module is configured.
Address: 4003_2000h base + 0h offset = 4003_2000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RHU HL LU LL
W
Reset 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CRC_DATA field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
HU
CRC High Upper Byte
In 16-bit CRC mode (CTRL[TCRC] is 0), this field is not used for programming a seed value. In 32-bit CRC
mode (CTRL[TCRC] is 1), values written to this field are part of the seed value when CTRL[WAS] is 1.
When CTRL[WAS] is 0, data written to this field is used for CRC checksum generation in both 16-bit and
32-bit CRC modes.
23–16
HL
CRC High Lower Byte
In 16-bit CRC mode (CTRL[TCRC] is 0), this field is not used for programming a seed value. In 32-bit CRC
mode (CTRL[TCRC] is 1), values written to this field are part of the seed value when CTRL[WAS] is 1.
When CTRL[WAS] is 0, data written to this field is used for CRC checksum generation in both 16-bit and
32-bit CRC modes.
15–8
LU
CRC Low Upper Byte
When CTRL[WAS] is 1, values written to this field are part of the seed value. When CTRL[WAS] is 0, data
written to this field is used for CRC checksum generation.
LL CRC Low Lower Byte
When CTRL[WAS] is 1, values written to this field are part of the seed value. When CTRL[WAS] is 0, data
written to this field is used for CRC checksum generation.
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31.2.2 CRC Polynomial register (CRC_GPOLY)
This register contains the value of the polynomial for the CRC calculation. The HIGH
field contains the upper 16 bits of the CRC polynomial, which are used only in 32-bit
CRC mode. Writes to the HIGH field are ignored in 16-bit CRC mode. The LOW field
contains the lower 16 bits of the CRC polynomial, which are used in both 16- and 32-bit
CRC modes.
Address: 4003_2000h base + 4h offset = 4003_2004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RHIGH LOW
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
CRC_GPOLY field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
HIGH
High Polynominal Half-word
Writable and readable in 32-bit CRC mode (CTRL[TCRC] is 1). This field is not writable in 16-bit CRC
mode (CTRL[TCRC] is 0).
LOW Low Polynominal Half-word
Writable and readable in both 32-bit and 16-bit CRC modes.
31.2.3 CRC Control register (CRC_CTRL)
This register controls the configuration and working of the CRC module. Appropriate bits
must be set before starting a new CRC calculation. A new CRC calculation is initialized
by asserting CTRL[WAS] and then writing the seed into the CRC data register.
Address: 4003_2000h base + 8h offset = 4003_2008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
TOT TOTR
0
FXOR WAS
TCRC
0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Memory map and register descriptions
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CRC_CTRL field descriptions
Field Description
31–30
TOT
Type Of Transpose For Writes
Defines the transpose configuration of the data written to the CRC data register. See the description of the
transpose feature for the available transpose options.
00 No transposition.
01 Bits in bytes are transposed; bytes are not transposed.
10 Both bits in bytes and bytes are transposed.
11 Only bytes are transposed; no bits in a byte are transposed.
29–28
TOTR
Type Of Transpose For Read
Identifies the transpose configuration of the value read from the CRC Data register. See the description of
the transpose feature for the available transpose options.
00 No transposition.
01 Bits in bytes are transposed; bytes are not transposed.
10 Both bits in bytes and bytes are transposed.
11 Only bytes are transposed; no bits in a byte are transposed.
27
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
26
FXOR
Complement Read Of CRC Data Register
Some CRC protocols require the final checksum to be XORed with 0xFFFFFFFF or 0xFFFF. Asserting
this bit enables on the fly complementing of read data.
0 No XOR on reading.
1 Invert or complement the read value of the CRC Data register.
25
WAS
Write CRC Data Register As Seed
When asserted, a value written to the CRC data register is considered a seed value. When deasserted, a
value written to the CRC data register is taken as data for CRC computation.
0 Writes to the CRC data register are data values.
1 Writes to the CRC data register are seed values.
24
TCRC
Width of CRC protocol.
0 16-bit CRC protocol.
1 32-bit CRC protocol.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
31.3 Functional description
Chapter 31 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
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31.3.1 CRC initialization/reinitialization
To enable the CRC calculation, the user must program CRC_CTRL[WAS],
CRC_GPOLY,necessary parameters for transposition and CRC result inversion in the
applicable registers. Asserting CRC_CTRL[WAS] enables the programming of the seed
value into the CRC_DATA register.
After a completed CRC calculation, the module can be reinitialized for a new CRC
computation by reasserting CRC_CTRL[WAS] and programming a new, or previously
used, seed value. All other parameters must be set before programming the seed value
and subsequent data values.
31.3.2 CRC calculations
In 16-bit and 32-bit CRC modes, data values can be programmed 8 bits, 16 bits, or 32 bits
at a time, provided all bytes are contiguous. Noncontiguous bytes can lead to an incorrect
CRC computation.
31.3.2.1 16-bit CRC
To compute a 16-bit CRC:
1. Clear CRC_CTRL[TCRC] to enable 16-bit CRC mode.
2. Program the transpose and complement options in the CTRL register as required for
the CRC calculation. See Transpose feature and CRC result complement for details.
3. Write a 16-bit polynomial to the CRC_GPOLY[LOW] field. The
CRC_GPOLY[HIGH] field is not usable in 16-bit CRC mode.
4. Set CRC_CTRL[WAS] to program the seed value.
5. Write a 16-bit seed to CRC_DATA[LU:LL]. CRC_DATA[HU:HL] are not used.
6. Clear CRC_CTRL[WAS] to start writing data values.
7. Write data values into CRC_DATA[HU:HL:LU:LL]. A CRC is computed on every
data value write, and the intermediate CRC result is stored back into
CRC_DATA[LU:LL].
8. When all values have been written, read the final CRC result from
CRC_DATA[LU:LL].
Transpose and complement operations are performed on the fly while reading or writing
values. See Transpose feature and CRC result complement for details.
Functional description
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31.3.2.2 32-bit CRC
To compute a 32-bit CRC:
1. Set CRC_CTRL[TCRC] to enable 32-bit CRC mode.
2. Program the transpose and complement options in the CTRL register as required for
the CRC calculation. See Transpose feature and CRC result complement for details.
3. Write a 32-bit polynomial to CRC_GPOLY[HIGH:LOW].
4. Set CRC_CTRL[WAS] to program the seed value.
5. Write a 32-bit seed to CRC_DATA[HU:HL:LU:LL].
6. Clear CRC_CTRL[WAS] to start writing data values.
7. Write data values into CRC_DATA[HU:HL:LU:LL]. A CRC is computed on every
data value write, and the intermediate CRC result is stored back into
CRC_DATA[HU:HL:LU:LL].
8. When all values have been written, read the final CRC result from
CRC_DATA[HU:HL:LU:LL]. The CRC is calculated bytewise, and two clocks are
required to complete one CRC calculation.
Transpose and complement operations are performed on the fly while reading or writing
values. See Transpose feature and CRC result complement for details.
31.3.3 Transpose feature
By default, the transpose feature is not enabled. However, some CRC standards require
the input data and/or the final checksum to be transposed. The user software has the
option to configure each transpose operation separately, as desired by the CRC standard.
The data is transposed on the fly while being read or written.
Some protocols use little endian format for the data stream to calculate a CRC. In this
case, the transpose feature usefully flips the bits. This transpose option is one of the types
supported by the CRC module.
31.3.3.1 Types of transpose
The CRC module provides several types of transpose functions to flip the bits and/or
bytes, for both writing input data and reading the CRC result, separately using the
CTRL[TOT] or CTRL[TOTR] fields, according to the CRC calculation being used.
The following types of transpose functions are available for writing to and reading from
the CRC data register:
1. CTRL[TOT] or CTRL[TOTR] is 00.
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No transposition occurs.
2. CTRL[TOT] or CTRL[TOTR] is 01
Bits in a byte are transposed, while bytes are not transposed.
reg[31:0] becomes {reg[24:31], reg[16:23], reg[8:15], reg[0:7]}
15
15
8
7
0
0
7
8
31
31
24
23
16
16
23
24
Figure 31-2. Transpose type 01
3. CTRL[TOT] or CTRL[TOTR] is 10.
Both bits in bytes and bytes are transposed.
reg[31:0] becomes = {reg[0:7], reg[8:15],reg[16:23], reg[24:31]}
31
31 0
0
Figure 31-3. Transpose type 10
4. CTRL[TOT] or CTRL[TOTR] is 11.
Bytes are transposed, but bits are not transposed.
reg[31:0] becomes {reg[7:0], reg[15:8], reg[23:16], reg[31:24]}
Functional description
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15
2416
0
31
23
7
8
31
8
0
16
15
7
23
24
Figure 31-4. Transpose type 11
NOTE
• For 8-bit and 16-bit write accesses to the CRC data register,
the data is transposed with zeros on the unused byte or
bytes (taking 32 bits as a whole), but the CRC is calculated
on the valid byte(s) only.
• When reading the CRC data register for a 16-bit CRC result
and using transpose options 10 and 11, the resulting value
after transposition resides in the CRC[HU:HL] fields. The
user software must account for this situation when reading
the 16-bit CRC result, so reading 32 bits is preferred.
31.3.4 CRC result complement
When CTRL[FXOR] is set, the checksum is complemented. The CRC result complement
function outputs the complement of the checksum value stored in the CRC data register
every time the CRC data register is read. When CTRL[FXOR] is cleared, reading the
CRC data register accesses the raw checksum value.
Chapter 31 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
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Functional description
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Chapter 32
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
32.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a successive approximation ADC
designed for operation within an integrated microcontroller system-on-chip.
NOTE
For the chip specific modes of operation, see the power
management information of the device.
32.1.1 Features
Following are the features of the ADC module.
• Linear successive approximation algorithm with up to 16-bit resolution
• Up to four pairs of differential and 24 single-ended external analog inputs
• Output modes:
• differential 16-bit, 13-bit, 11-bit, and 9-bit modes
• single-ended 16-bit, 12-bit, 10-bit, and 8-bit modes
• Output format in 2's complement 16-bit sign extended for differential modes
• Output in right-justified unsigned format for single-ended
• Single or continuous conversion, that is, automatic return to idle after single
conversion
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• Configurable sample time and conversion speed/power
• Conversion complete/hardware average complete flag and interrupt
• Input clock selectable from up to four sources
• Operation in low-power modes for lower noise
• Asynchronous clock source for lower noise operation with option to output the clock
• Selectable hardware conversion trigger with hardware channel select
• Automatic compare with interrupt for less-than, greater-than or equal-to, within
range, or out-of-range, programmable value
• Temperature sensor
• Hardware average function
• Selectable voltage reference: external or alternate
• Self-Calibration mode
32.1.2 Block diagram
The following figure is the ADC module block diagram.
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SC1A
ADHWTSA
ADHWTSn
Compare true
ADCH
complete
ADTRG
ADCO
Control Registers
SC1n
ADIV
ADICLK
Async
Clock Gen
ADACKEN
2
ALTCLK
ADACK
ADCK
MODE
transfer
CV2
CV1:CV2
TempM
DADM3
DADM0
DADP3
DADP0
Interrupt
1
ADVINP
ADVINM
ACFE
1
SC2
Rn
RA
CFG1,2
CLMx CLMx
Compare true
MCU STOP
ADHWT
AD4
AD23
TempP
V REFH
VALTH
VREFL
VALTL
AIEN
COCO
trigger
DIFF
MODE
CLPx
PG, MG PG, MG
CLPx
Calibration
OFS
CALF
CAL
SC3
CV1
ACFGT, ACREN
D
AVGE, AVGS
ADCOFS
V REFSH
V REFSL
(SC2, CFG1, CFG2)
Conversion
trigger
control
Clock
divide
Control sequencer Bus clock
SAR converter
Compare
logic
Offset subtractor
Averager
Formatting
ADLSMP/ADLSTS
ADLPC/ADHSC
initialize
sample
convert
transfer
abort
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SC1A
ADHWTSA
ADHWTSn
C o m p a re tru e
A D C H
c o m p le te
A D T R G
A D C O
Control Registers
SC1n
A D IV
A D IC L K
Async
Clock Gen
A D A C K E N
ALTCLK
ADACK
A D C K
M O D E
tra n s fe r
C V 2
CV1:CV2
TempM
DADM3
DADM0
DADP3
DADP0
Interrupt
1
A D V IN P
A D V IN M
A C F E
1
SC2
Rn
RA
CFG1,2
C L M x
CLMx
Compare true
MCU STOP
ADHWT
AD4
AD23
TempP
V REFH
VALTH
VREFL
VALTL
AIEN
C O C O
trig g e r
DIFF
M O D E
CLPx
PG, MG PG, MG
CLPx
Calibration
OFS
CALF
CAL
SC3
C V1
ACFGT, ACREN
D
AVGE, AVGS
ADCOFS
V REFSH
V REFSL
(SC2, CFG1, CFG2)
Conversion
trigger
control
Clock
divide
Control sequencer Bus clock
SAR converter
Compare
logic
Offset subtractor
Averager
Formatting
ADLSMP/ADLSTS
ADLPC/ADHSC
initialize
sample
convert
transfer
abort
ALTCLK2
Figure 32-1. ADC block diagram
32.2 ADC signal descriptions
The ADC module supports up to 4 pairs of differential inputs and up to 24 single-ended
inputs.
Each differential pair requires two inputs, DADPx and DADMx. The ADC also requires
four supply/reference/ground connections.
ADC signal descriptions
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NOTE
For the number of channels supported on this device as well as
information regarding other chip-specific inputs into the ADC
block, see the chip-specific ADC configuration information.
Table 32-1. ADC signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O
DADP3–DADP0 Differential Analog Channel Inputs I
DADM3–DADM0 Differential Analog Channel Inputs I
ADnSingle-Ended Analog Channel Inputs I
VREFSH Voltage Reference Select High I
VREFSL Voltage Reference Select Low I
VDDA Analog Power Supply I
VSSA Analog Ground I
32.2.1 Analog Power (VDDA)
The ADC analog portion uses VDDA as its power connection. In some packages, VDDA is
connected internally to VDD. If externally available, connect the VDDA pin to the same
voltage potential as VDD. External filtering may be necessary to ensure clean VDDA for
good results.
32.2.2 Analog Ground (VSSA)
The ADC analog portion uses VSSA as its ground connection. In some packages, VSSA is
connected internally to VSS. If externally available, connect the VSSA pin to the same
voltage potential as VSS.
32.2.3 Voltage Reference Select
VREFSH and VREFSL are the high and low reference voltages for the ADC module.
The ADC can be configured to accept one of two voltage reference pairs for VREFSH and
VREFSL. Each pair contains a positive reference that must be between the minimum Ref
Voltage High and VDDA, and a ground reference that must be at the same potential as
VSSA. The two pairs are external (VREFH and VREFL) and alternate (VALTH and VALTL).
These voltage references are selected using SC2[REFSEL]. The alternate VALTH and
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VALTL voltage reference pair may select additional external pins or internal sources
depending on MCU configuration. See the chip configuration information on the Voltage
References specific to this MCU.
In some packages, VREFH is connected in the package to VDDA and VREFL to VSSA. If
externally available, the positive reference(s) may be connected to the same potential as
VDDA or may be driven by an external source to a level between the minimum Ref
Voltage High and the VDDA potential. VREFH must never exceed VDDA. Connect the
ground references to the same voltage potential as VSSA.
32.2.4 Analog Channel Inputs (ADx)
The ADC module supports up to 24 single-ended analog inputs. A single-ended input is
selected for conversion through the SC1[ADCH] channel select bits when SC1n[DIFF] is
low.
32.2.5 Differential Analog Channel Inputs (DADx)
The ADC module supports up to four differential analog channel inputs. Each differential
analog input is a pair of external pins, DADPx and DADMx, referenced to each other to
provide the most accurate analog to digital readings. A differential input is selected for
conversion through SC1[ADCH] when SC1n[DIFF] is high. All DADPx inputs may be
used as single-ended inputs if SC1n[DIFF] is low. In certain MCU configurations, some
DADMx inputs may also be used as single-ended inputs if SC1n[DIFF] is low. For ADC
connections specific to this device, see the chip-specific ADC information.
32.3 Memory map and register definitions
This section describes the ADC registers.
ADC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_7000 ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADC1_SC1A) 32 R/W 0000_001Fh 32.3.1/662
4002_7004 ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADC1_SC1B) 32 R/W 0000_001Fh 32.3.1/662
4002_7008 ADC Configuration Register 1 (ADC1_CFG1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.2/666
4002_700C ADC Configuration Register 2 (ADC1_CFG2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.3/667
4002_7010 ADC Data Result Register (ADC1_RA) 32 R 0000_0000h 32.3.4/668
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definitions
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ADC memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_7014 ADC Data Result Register (ADC1_RB) 32 R 0000_0000h 32.3.4/668
4002_7018 Compare Value Registers (ADC1_CV1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.5/670
4002_701C Compare Value Registers (ADC1_CV2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.5/670
4002_7020 Status and Control Register 2 (ADC1_SC2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.6/671
4002_7024 Status and Control Register 3 (ADC1_SC3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.7/673
4002_7028 ADC Offset Correction Register (ADC1_OFS) 32 R/W 0000_0004h 32.3.8/674
4002_702C ADC Plus-Side Gain Register (ADC1_PG) 32 R/W 0000_8200h 32.3.9/675
4002_7030 ADC Minus-Side Gain Register (ADC1_MG) 32 R/W 0000_8200h 32.3.10/
675
4002_7034 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLPD) 32 R/W 0000_000Ah 32.3.11/
676
4002_7038 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLPS) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.12/
677
4002_703C ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLP4) 32 R/W 0000_0200h 32.3.13/
677
4002_7040 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLP3) 32 R/W 0000_0100h 32.3.14/
678
4002_7044 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLP2) 32 R/W 0000_0080h 32.3.15/
678
4002_7048 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLP1) 32 R/W 0000_0040h 32.3.16/
679
4002_704C ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLP0) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.17/
679
4002_7054 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLMD) 32 R/W 0000_000Ah 32.3.18/
680
4002_7058 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLMS) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.19/
680
4002_705C ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLM4) 32 R/W 0000_0200h 32.3.20/
681
4002_7060 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLM3) 32 R/W 0000_0100h 32.3.21/
681
4002_7064 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLM2) 32 R/W 0000_0080h 32.3.22/
682
4002_7068 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLM1) 32 R/W 0000_0040h 32.3.23/
682
4002_706C ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC1_CLM0) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.24/
683
4003_B000 ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADC0_SC1A) 32 R/W 0000_001Fh 32.3.1/662
4003_B004 ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADC0_SC1B) 32 R/W 0000_001Fh 32.3.1/662
4003_B008 ADC Configuration Register 1 (ADC0_CFG1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.2/666
4003_B00C ADC Configuration Register 2 (ADC0_CFG2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.3/667
4003_B010 ADC Data Result Register (ADC0_RA) 32 R 0000_0000h 32.3.4/668
Table continues on the next page...
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ADC memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_B014 ADC Data Result Register (ADC0_RB) 32 R 0000_0000h 32.3.4/668
4003_B018 Compare Value Registers (ADC0_CV1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.5/670
4003_B01C Compare Value Registers (ADC0_CV2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.5/670
4003_B020 Status and Control Register 2 (ADC0_SC2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.6/671
4003_B024 Status and Control Register 3 (ADC0_SC3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 32.3.7/673
4003_B028 ADC Offset Correction Register (ADC0_OFS) 32 R/W 0000_0004h 32.3.8/674
4003_B02C ADC Plus-Side Gain Register (ADC0_PG) 32 R/W 0000_8200h 32.3.9/675
4003_B030 ADC Minus-Side Gain Register (ADC0_MG) 32 R/W 0000_8200h 32.3.10/
675
4003_B034 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLPD) 32 R/W 0000_000Ah 32.3.11/
676
4003_B038 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLPS) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.12/
677
4003_B03C ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLP4) 32 R/W 0000_0200h 32.3.13/
677
4003_B040 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLP3) 32 R/W 0000_0100h 32.3.14/
678
4003_B044 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLP2) 32 R/W 0000_0080h 32.3.15/
678
4003_B048 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLP1) 32 R/W 0000_0040h 32.3.16/
679
4003_B04C ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLP0) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.17/
679
4003_B054 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLMD) 32 R/W 0000_000Ah 32.3.18/
680
4003_B058 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLMS) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.19/
680
4003_B05C ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLM4) 32 R/W 0000_0200h 32.3.20/
681
4003_B060 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLM3) 32 R/W 0000_0100h 32.3.21/
681
4003_B064 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLM2) 32 R/W 0000_0080h 32.3.22/
682
4003_B068 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLM1) 32 R/W 0000_0040h 32.3.23/
682
4003_B06C ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADC0_CLM0) 32 R/W 0000_0020h 32.3.24/
683
32.3.1 ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADCx_SC1n)
SC1A is used for both software and hardware trigger modes of operation.
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To allow sequential conversions of the ADC to be triggered by internal peripherals, the
ADC can have more than one status and control register: one for each conversion. The
SC1B–SC1n registers indicate potentially multiple SC1 registers for use only in hardware
trigger mode. See the chip configuration information about the number of SC1n registers
specific to this device. The SC1n registers have identical fields, and are used in a "ping-
pong" approach to control ADC operation.
At any one point in time, only one of the SC1n registers is actively controlling ADC
conversions. Updating SC1A while SC1n is actively controlling a conversion is allowed,
and vice-versa for any of the SC1n registers specific to this MCU.
Writing SC1A while SC1A is actively controlling a conversion aborts the current
conversion. In Software Trigger mode, when SC2[ADTRG]=0, writes to SC1A
subsequently initiate a new conversion, if SC1[ADCH] contains a value other than all 1s
(module disabled).
Writing any of the SC1n registers while that specific SC1n register is actively controlling
a conversion aborts the current conversion. None of the SC1B-SC1n registers are used for
software trigger operation and therefore writes to the SC1B–SC1n registers do not initiate
a new conversion.
Address: Base address + 0h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
COCO
AIEN DIFF ADCH
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
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ADCx_SC1n field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
COCO
Conversion Complete Flag
This is a read-only field that is set each time a conversion is completed when the compare function is
disabled, or SC2[ACFE]=0 and the hardware average function is disabled, or SC3[AVGE]=0. When the
compare function is enabled, or SC2[ACFE]=1, COCO is set upon completion of a conversion only if the
compare result is true. When the hardware average function is enabled, or SC3[AVGE]=1, COCO is set
upon completion of the selected number of conversions (determined by AVGS). COCO in SC1A is also set
at the completion of a calibration sequence. COCO is cleared when the respective SC1n register is written
or when the respective Rn register is read.
0 Conversion is not completed.
1 Conversion is completed.
6
AIEN
Interrupt Enable
Enables conversion complete interrupts. When COCO becomes set while the respective AIEN is high, an
interrupt is asserted.
0 Conversion complete interrupt is disabled.
1 Conversion complete interrupt is enabled.
5
DIFF
Differential Mode Enable
Configures the ADC to operate in differential mode. When enabled, this mode automatically selects from
the differential channels, and changes the conversion algorithm and the number of cycles to complete a
conversion.
0 Single-ended conversions and input channels are selected.
1 Differential conversions and input channels are selected.
ADCH Input channel select
Selects one of the input channels. The input channel decode depends on the value of DIFF. DAD0-DAD3
are associated with the input pin pairs DADPx and DADMx.
NOTE: Some of the input channel options in the bitfield-setting descriptions might not be available for
your device. For the actual ADC channel assignments for your device, see the Chip Configuration
details.
The successive approximation converter subsystem is turned off when the channel select bits are all set,
that is, ADCH = 11111. This feature allows explicit disabling of the ADC and isolation of the input channel
from all sources. Terminating continuous conversions this way prevents an additional single conversion
from being performed. It is not necessary to set ADCH to all 1s to place the ADC in a low-power state
when continuous conversions are not enabled because the module automatically enters a low-power state
when a conversion completes.
00000 When DIFF=0, DADP0 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, DAD0 is selected as input.
00001 When DIFF=0, DADP1 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, DAD1 is selected as input.
00010 When DIFF=0, DADP2 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, DAD2 is selected as input.
00011 When DIFF=0, DADP3 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, DAD3 is selected as input.
00100 When DIFF=0, AD4 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
00101 When DIFF=0, AD5 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
00110 When DIFF=0, AD6 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
00111 When DIFF=0, AD7 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
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ADCx_SC1n field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
01000 When DIFF=0, AD8 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01001 When DIFF=0, AD9 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01010 When DIFF=0, AD10 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01011 When DIFF=0, AD11 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01100 When DIFF=0, AD12 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01101 When DIFF=0, AD13 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01110 When DIFF=0, AD14 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
01111 When DIFF=0, AD15 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10000 When DIFF=0, AD16 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10001 When DIFF=0, AD17 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10010 When DIFF=0, AD18 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10011 When DIFF=0, AD19 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10100 When DIFF=0, AD20 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10101 When DIFF=0, AD21 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10110 When DIFF=0, AD22 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
10111 When DIFF=0, AD23 is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved.
11000 Reserved.
11001 Reserved.
11010 When DIFF=0, Temp Sensor (single-ended) is selected as input; when DIFF=1, Temp Sensor
(differential) is selected as input.
11011 When DIFF=0,Bandgap (single-ended) is selected as input; when DIFF=1, Bandgap (differential)
is selected as input.
11100 Reserved.
11101 When DIFF=0,VREFSH is selected as input; when DIFF=1, -VREFSH (differential) is selected as
input. Voltage reference selected is determined by SC2[REFSEL].
11110 When DIFF=0,VREFSL is selected as input; when DIFF=1, it is reserved. Voltage reference
selected is determined by SC2[REFSEL].
11111 Module is disabled.
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32.3.2 ADC Configuration Register 1 (ADCx_CFG1)
The configuration Register 1 (CFG1) selects the mode of operation, clock source, clock
divide, and configuration for low power or long sample time.
Address: Base address + 8h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
ADLPC
ADIV
ADLSMP
MODE ADICLK
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CFG1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
ADLPC
Low-Power Configuration
Controls the power configuration of the successive approximation converter. This optimizes power
consumption when higher sample rates are not required.
0 Normal power configuration.
1 Low-power configuration. The power is reduced at the expense of maximum clock speed.
6–5
ADIV
Clock Divide Select
Selects the divide ratio used by the ADC to generate the internal clock ADCK.
00 The divide ratio is 1 and the clock rate is input clock.
01 The divide ratio is 2 and the clock rate is (input clock)/2.
10 The divide ratio is 4 and the clock rate is (input clock)/4.
11 The divide ratio is 8 and the clock rate is (input clock)/8.
4
ADLSMP
Sample Time Configuration
Selects between different sample times based on the conversion mode selected. This field adjusts the
sample period to allow higher impedance inputs to be accurately sampled or to maximize conversion
speed for lower impedance inputs. Longer sample times can also be used to lower overall power
consumption if continuous conversions are enabled and high conversion rates are not required. When
ADLSMP=1, the long sample time select bits, (ADLSTS[1:0]), can select the extent of the long sample
time.
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ADCx_CFG1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Short sample time.
1 Long sample time.
3–2
MODE
Conversion mode selection
Selects the ADC resolution mode.
00 When DIFF=0:It is single-ended 8-bit conversion; when DIFF=1, it is differential 9-bit conversion with
2's complement output.
01 When DIFF=0:It is single-ended 12-bit conversion ; when DIFF=1, it is differential 13-bit conversion
with 2's complement output.
10 When DIFF=0:It is single-ended 10-bit conversion. ; when DIFF=1, it is differential 11-bit conversion
with 2's complement output
11 When DIFF=0:It is single-ended 16-bit conversion..; when DIFF=1, it is differential 16-bit conversion
with 2's complement output
ADICLK Input Clock Select
Selects the input clock source to generate the internal clock, ADCK. Note that when the ADACK clock
source is selected, it is not required to be active prior to conversion start. When it is selected and it is not
active prior to a conversion start, when CFG2[ADACKEN]=0, the asynchronous clock is activated at the
start of a conversion and deactivated when conversions are terminated. In this case, there is an
associated clock startup delay each time the clock source is re-activated.
00 Bus clock
01 Alternate clock 2 (ALTCLK2)
10 Alternate clock (ALTCLK)
11 Asynchronous clock (ADACK)
32.3.3 ADC Configuration Register 2 (ADCx_CFG2)
Configuration Register 2 (CFG2) selects the special high-speed configuration for very
high speed conversions and selects the long sample time duration during long sample
mode.
Address: Base address + Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0
MUXSEL
ADACKEN
ADHSC
ADLSTS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ADCx_CFG2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
MUXSEL
ADC Mux Select
Changes the ADC mux setting to select between alternate sets of ADC channels.
0 ADxxa channels are selected.
1 ADxxb channels are selected.
3
ADACKEN
Asynchronous Clock Output Enable
Enables the asynchronous clock source and the clock source output regardless of the conversion and
status of CFG1[ADICLK]. Based on MCU configuration, the asynchronous clock may be used by other
modules. See chip configuration information. Setting this field allows the clock to be used even while the
ADC is idle or operating from a different clock source. Also, latency of initiating a single or first-continuous
conversion with the asynchronous clock selected is reduced because the ADACK clock is already
operational.
0 Asynchronous clock output disabled; Asynchronous clock is enabled only if selected by ADICLK and a
conversion is active.
1 Asynchronous clock and clock output is enabled regardless of the state of the ADC.
2
ADHSC
High-Speed Configuration
Configures the ADC for very high-speed operation. The conversion sequence is altered with 2 ADCK
cycles added to the conversion time to allow higher speed conversion clocks.
0 Normal conversion sequence selected.
1 High-speed conversion sequence selected with 2 additional ADCK cycles to total conversion time.
ADLSTS Long Sample Time Select
Selects between the extended sample times when long sample time is selected, that is, when
CFG1[ADLSMP]=1. This allows higher impedance inputs to be accurately sampled or to maximize
conversion speed for lower impedance inputs. Longer sample times can also be used to lower overall
power consumption when continuous conversions are enabled if high conversion rates are not required.
00 Default longest sample time; 20 extra ADCK cycles; 24 ADCK cycles total.
01 12 extra ADCK cycles; 16 ADCK cycles total sample time.
10 6 extra ADCK cycles; 10 ADCK cycles total sample time.
11 2 extra ADCK cycles; 6 ADCK cycles total sample time.
32.3.4 ADC Data Result Register (ADCx_Rn)
The data result registers (Rn) contain the result of an ADC conversion of the channel
selected by the corresponding status and channel control register (SC1A:SC1n). For
every status and channel control register, there is a corresponding data result register.
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Unused bits in R n are cleared in unsigned right-aligned modes and carry the sign bit
(MSB) in sign-extended 2's complement modes. For example, when configured for 10-bit
single-ended mode, D[15:10] are cleared. When configured for 11-bit differential mode,
D[15:10] carry the sign bit, that is, bit 10 extended through bit 15.
The following table describes the behavior of the data result registers in the different
modes of operation.
Table 32-2. Data result register description
Conversion
mode
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Format
16-bit differential S D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Signed 2's
complement
16-bit single-
ended
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Unsigned right
justified
13-bit differential S S S S D D D D D D D D D D D D Sign-extended
2's complement
12-bit single-
ended
0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D Unsigned right-
justified
11-bit differential S S S S S S D D D D D D D D D D Sign-extended
2's complement
10-bit single-
ended
0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D Unsigned right-
justified
9-bit differential S S S S S S S S D D D D D D D D Sign-extended
2's complement
8-bit single-
ended
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D Unsigned right-
justified
NOTE
S: Sign bit or sign bit extension;
D: Data, which is 2's complement data if indicated
Address: Base address + 10h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 D
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_Rn field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
D Data result
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32.3.5 Compare Value Registers (ADCx_CVn)
The Compare Value Registers (CV1 and CV2) contain a compare value used to compare
the conversion result when the compare function is enabled, that is, SC2[ACFE]=1. This
register is formatted in the same way as the Rn registers in different modes of operation
for both bit position definition and value format using unsigned or sign-extended 2's
complement. Therefore, the compare function uses only the CVn fields that are related to
the ADC mode of operation.
The compare value 2 register (CV2) is used only when the compare range function is
enabled, that is, SC2[ACREN]=1.
Address: Base address + 18h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CV
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CVn field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CV Compare Value.
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32.3.6 Status and Control Register 2 (ADCx_SC2)
The status and control register 2 (SC2) contains the conversion active, hardware/software
trigger select, compare function, and voltage reference select of the ADC module.
Address: Base address + 20h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
ADACT
ADTRG
ACFE
ACFGT
ACREN
DMAEN
REFSEL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_SC2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
ADACT
Conversion Active
Indicates that a conversion or hardware averaging is in progress. ADACT is set when a conversion is
initiated and cleared when a conversion is completed or aborted.
0 Conversion not in progress.
1 Conversion in progress.
6
ADTRG
Conversion Trigger Select
Selects the type of trigger used for initiating a conversion. Two types of trigger are selectable:
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ADCx_SC2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
• Software trigger: When software trigger is selected, a conversion is initiated following a write to
SC1A.
• Hardware trigger: When hardware trigger is selected, a conversion is initiated following the assertion
of the ADHWT input after a pulse of the ADHWTSn input.
0 Software trigger selected.
1 Hardware trigger selected.
5
ACFE
Compare Function Enable
Enables the compare function.
0 Compare function disabled.
1 Compare function enabled.
4
ACFGT
Compare Function Greater Than Enable
Configures the compare function to check the conversion result relative to the CV1 and CV2 based upon
the value of ACREN. ACFE must be set for ACFGT to have any effect.
0 Configures less than threshold, outside range not inclusive and inside range not inclusive; functionality
based on the values placed in CV1 and CV2.
1 Configures greater than or equal to threshold, outside and inside ranges inclusive; functionality based
on the values placed in CV1 and CV2.
3
ACREN
Compare Function Range Enable
Configures the compare function to check if the conversion result of the input being monitored is either
between or outside the range formed by CV1 and CV2 determined by the value of ACFGT. ACFE must be
set for ACFGT to have any effect.
0 Range function disabled. Only CV1 is compared.
1 Range function enabled. Both CV1 and CV2 are compared.
2
DMAEN
DMA Enable
0 DMA is disabled.
1 DMA is enabled and will assert the ADC DMA request during an ADC conversion complete event
noted when any of the SC1n[COCO] flags is asserted.
REFSEL Voltage Reference Selection
Selects the voltage reference source used for conversions.
00 Default voltage reference pin pair, that is, external pins VREFH and VREFL
01 Alternate reference pair, that is, VALTH and VALTL . This pair may be additional external pins or
internal sources depending on the MCU configuration. See the chip configuration information for
details specific to this MCU
10 Reserved
11 Reserved
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32.3.7 Status and Control Register 3 (ADCx_SC3)
The Status and Control Register 3 (SC3) controls the calibration, continuous convert, and
hardware averaging functions of the ADC module.
Address: Base address + 24h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CAL
CALF
0
ADCO
AVGE
AVGS
Ww1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_SC3 field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
CAL
Calibration
Begins the calibration sequence when set. This field stays set while the calibration is in progress and is
cleared when the calibration sequence is completed. CALF must be checked to determine the result of the
calibration sequence. Once started, the calibration routine cannot be interrupted by writes to the ADC
registers or the results will be invalid and CALF will set. Setting CAL will abort any current conversion.
6
CALF
Calibration Failed Flag
Displays the result of the calibration sequence. The calibration sequence will fail if SC2[ADTRG] = 1, any
ADC register is written, or any stop mode is entered before the calibration sequence completes. Writing 1
to CALF clears it.
0 Calibration completed normally.
1 Calibration failed. ADC accuracy specifications are not guaranteed.
5–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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ADCx_SC3 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
3
ADCO
Continuous Conversion Enable
Enables continuous conversions.
0 One conversion or one set of conversions if the hardware average function is enabled, that is,
AVGE=1, after initiating a conversion.
1 Continuous conversions or sets of conversions if the hardware average function is enabled, that is,
AVGE=1, after initiating a conversion.
2
AVGE
Hardware Average Enable
Enables the hardware average function of the ADC.
0 Hardware average function disabled.
1 Hardware average function enabled.
AVGS Hardware Average Select
Determines how many ADC conversions will be averaged to create the ADC average result.
00 4 samples averaged.
01 8 samples averaged.
10 16 samples averaged.
11 32 samples averaged.
32.3.8 ADC Offset Correction Register (ADCx_OFS)
The ADC Offset Correction Register (OFS) contains the user-selected or calibration-
generated offset error correction value. This register is a 2’s complement, left-justified,
16-bit value . The value in OFS is subtracted from the conversion and the result is
transferred into the result registers, Rn. If the result is greater than the maximum or less
than the minimum result value, it is forced to the appropriate limit for the current mode of
operation.
For more information regarding the calibration procedure, please refer to the Calibration
function section.
Address: Base address + 28h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0OFS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
ADCx_OFS field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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ADCx_OFS field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
OFS Offset Error Correction Value
32.3.9 ADC Plus-Side Gain Register (ADCx_PG)
The Plus-Side Gain Register (PG) contains the gain error correction for the plus-side
input in differential mode or the overall conversion in single-ended mode. PG, a 16-bit
real number in binary format, is the gain adjustment factor, with the radix point fixed
between PG[15] and PG[14]. This register must be written by the user with the value
described in the calibration procedure. Otherwise, the gain error specifications may not
be met.
For more information regarding the calibration procedure, please refer to the Calibration
function section.
Address: Base address + 2Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0PG
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_PG field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
PG Plus-Side Gain
32.3.10 ADC Minus-Side Gain Register (ADCx_MG)
The Minus-Side Gain Register (MG) contains the gain error correction for the minus-side
input in differential mode. This register is ignored in single-ended mode. MG, a 16-bit
real number in binary format, is the gain adjustment factor, with the radix point fixed
between MG[15] and MG[14]. This register must be written by the user with the value
described in the calibration procedure. Otherwise, the gain error specifications may not
be met.
For more information regarding the calibration procedure, please refer to the Calibration
function section.
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Address: Base address + 30h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0MG
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_MG field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
MG Minus-Side Gain
32.3.11 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLPD)
The Plus-Side General Calibration Value Registers (CLPx) contain calibration
information that is generated by the calibration function. These registers contain seven
calibration values of varying widths: CLP0[5:0], CLP1[6:0], CLP2[7:0], CLP3[8:0],
CLP4[9:0], CLPS[5:0], and CLPD[5:0]. CLPx are automatically set when the self-
calibration sequence is done, that is, CAL is cleared. If these registers are written by the
user after calibration, the linearity error specifications may not be met.
For more information regarding the calibration procedure, please refer to the Calibration
function section.
Address: Base address + 34h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLPD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
ADCx_CLPD field descriptions
Field Description
31–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLPD Calibration Value
Calibration Value
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32.3.12 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLPS)
For more information, see CLPD register description.
Address: Base address + 38h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLPS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLPS field descriptions
Field Description
31–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLPS Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.13 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLP4)
For more information, see CLPD register description.
Address: Base address + 3Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLP4
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLP4 field descriptions
Field Description
31–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLP4 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
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32.3.14 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLP3)
For more information, see CLPD register description.
Address: Base address + 40h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLP3
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLP3 field descriptions
Field Description
31–9
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLP3 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.15 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLP2)
For more information, see CLPD register description.
Address: Base address + 44h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLP2
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLP2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLP2 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
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32.3.16 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLP1)
For more information, see CLPD register description.
Address: Base address + 48h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLP1
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLP1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLP1 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.17 ADC Plus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLP0)
For more information, see CLPD register description.
Address: Base address + 4Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLP0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLP0 field descriptions
Field Description
31–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLP0 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
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32.3.18 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLMD)
The Minus-Side General Calibration Value (CLMx) registers contain calibration
information that is generated by the calibration function. These registers contain seven
calibration values of varying widths: CLM0[5:0], CLM1[6:0], CLM2[7:0], CLM3[8:0],
CLM4[9:0], CLMS[5:0], and CLMD[5:0]. CLMx are automatically set when the self-
calibration sequence is done, that is, CAL is cleared. If these registers are written by the
user after calibration, the linearity error specifications may not be met.
For more information regarding the calibration procedure, please refer to the Calibration
function section.
Address: Base address + 54h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLMD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
ADCx_CLMD field descriptions
Field Description
31–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLMD Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.19 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLMS)
For more information, see CLMD register description.
Address: Base address + 58h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLMS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLMS field descriptions
Field Description
31–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
Table continues on the next page...
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ADCx_CLMS field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
CLMS Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.20 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLM4)
For more information, see CLMD register description.
Address: Base address + 5Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLM4
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLM4 field descriptions
Field Description
31–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLM4 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.21 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLM3)
For more information, see CLMD register description.
Address: Base address + 60h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLM3
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLM3 field descriptions
Field Description
31–9
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLM3 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
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32.3.22 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLM2)
For more information, see CLMD register description.
Address: Base address + 64h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLM2
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLM2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLM2 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.3.23 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLM1)
For more information, see CLMD register description.
Address: Base address + 68h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLM1
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLM1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLM1 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
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32.3.24 ADC Minus-Side General Calibration Value Register
(ADCx_CLM0)
For more information, see CLMD register description.
Address: Base address + 6Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CLM0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
ADCx_CLM0 field descriptions
Field Description
31–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CLM0 Calibration Value
Calibration Value
32.4 Functional description
The ADC module is disabled during reset, in Low-Power Stop mode, or when
SC1n[ADCH] are all high; see the power management information for details. The
module is idle when a conversion has completed and another conversion has not been
initiated. When it is idle and the asynchronous clock output enable is disabled, or
CFG2[ADACKEN]= 0, the module is in its lowest power state. The ADC can perform an
analog-to-digital conversion on any of the software selectable channels. All modes
perform conversion by a successive approximation algorithm.
To meet accuracy specifications, the ADC module must be calibrated using the on-chip
calibration function.
See Calibration function for details on how to perform calibration.
When the conversion is completed, the result is placed in the Rn data registers. The
respective SC1n[COCO] is then set and an interrupt is generated if the respective
conversion complete interrupt has been enabled, or, when SC1n[AIEN]=1.
The ADC module has the capability of automatically comparing the result of a
conversion with the contents of the CV1 and CV2 registers. The compare function is
enabled by setting SC2[ACFE] and operates in any of the conversion modes and
configurations.
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The ADC module has the capability of automatically averaging the result of multiple
conversions. The hardware average function is enabled by setting SC3[AVGE] and
operates in any of the conversion modes and configurations.
NOTE
For the chip specific modes of operation, see the power
management information of this MCU.
32.4.1 Clock select and divide control
One of four clock sources can be selected as the clock source for the ADC module.
This clock source is then divided by a configurable value to generate the input clock
ADCK, to the module. The clock is selected from one of the following sources by means
of CFG1[ADICLK].
• Bus clock. This is the default selection following reset.
• ALTCLK2: As defined for this MCU. See the chip configuration information.
Conversions are possible using ALTCLK2 as the input clock source while the MCU
is in Normal Stop mode.
• ALTCLK: As defined for this MCU. See the chip configuration information.
Conversions are possible using ALTCLK as the input clock source while the MCU is
in Normal Stop mode.
• Asynchronous clock (ADACK): This clock is generated from a clock source within
the ADC module. When the ADACK clock source is selected, it is not required to be
active prior to conversion start. When it is selected and it is not active prior to a
conversion start CFG2[ADACKEN]=0, ADACK is activated at the start of a
conversion and deactivated when conversions are terminated. In this case, there is an
associated clock startup delay each time the clock source is re-activated. To avoid the
conversion time variability and latency associated with the ADACK clock startup, set
CFG2[ADACKEN]=1 and wait the worst-case startup time of 5 µs prior to initiating
any conversions using the ADACK clock source. Conversions are possible using
ADACK as the input clock source while the MCU is in Normal Stop mode. See
Power Control for more information.
Whichever clock is selected, its frequency must fall within the specified frequency range
for ADCK. If the available clocks are too slow, the ADC may not perform according to
specifications. If the available clocks are too fast, the clock must be divided to the
appropriate frequency. This divider is specified by CFG1[ADIV] and can be divide-by 1,
2, 4, or 8.
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32.4.2 Voltage reference selection
The ADC can be configured to accept one of the two voltage reference pairs as the
reference voltage (VREFSH and VREFSL) used for conversions.
Each pair contains a positive reference that must be between the minimum Ref Voltage
High and VDDA, and a ground reference that must be at the same potential as VSSA. The
two pairs are external (VREFH and VREFL) and alternate (VALTH and VALTL). These
voltage references are selected using SC2[REFSEL]. The alternate (VALTH and VALTL)
voltage reference pair may select additional external pins or internal sources depending
on MCU configuration. See the chip configuration information on the voltage references
specific to this MCU.
32.4.3 Hardware trigger and channel selects
The ADC module has a selectable asynchronous hardware conversion trigger, ADHWT,
that is enabled when SC2[ADTRG] is set and a hardware trigger select event,
ADHWTSn, has occurred.
This source is not available on all MCUs. See the chip-specific ADC information for
information on the ADHWT source and the ADHWTSn configurations specific to this
MCU.
When an ADHWT source is available and hardware trigger is enabled, that is
SC2[ADTRG]=1, a conversion is initiated on the rising-edge of ADHWT after a
hardware trigger select event, that is, ADHWTSn, has occurred. If a conversion is in
progress when a rising-edge of a trigger occurs, the rising-edge is ignored. In continuous
convert configuration, only the initial rising-edge to launch continuous conversions is
observed, and until conversion is aborted, the ADC continues to do conversions on the
same SCn register that initiated the conversion. The hardware trigger function operates in
conjunction with any of the conversion modes and configurations.
The hardware trigger select event, ADHWTSn, must be set prior to the receipt of the
ADHWT signal. If these conditions are not met, the converter may ignore the trigger or
use the incorrect configuration. If a hardware trigger select event is asserted during a
conversion, it must stay asserted until the end of current conversion and remain set until
the receipt of the ADHWT signal to trigger a new conversion. The channel and status
fields selected for the conversion depend on the active trigger select signal:
• ADHWTSA active selects SC1A.
• ADHWTSn active selects SC1n.
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Note
Asserting more than one hardware trigger select signal
(ADHWTSn) at the same time results in unknown results. To
avoid this, select only one hardware trigger select signal
(ADHWTSn) prior to the next intended conversion.
When the conversion is completed, the result is placed in the Rn registers associated with
the ADHWTSn received. For example:
• ADHWTSA active selects RA register
• ADHWTSn active selects Rn register
The conversion complete flag associated with the ADHWTSn received, that is,
SC1n[COCO], is then set and an interrupt is generated if the respective conversion
complete interrupt has been enabled, that is, SC1[AIEN]=1.
32.4.4 Conversion control
Conversions can be performed as determined by CFG1[MODE] and SC1n[DIFF] as
shown in the description of CFG1[MODE].
Conversions can be initiated by a software or hardware trigger.
In addition, the ADC module can be configured for:
• Low-power operation
• Long sample time
• Continuous conversion
• Hardware average
• Automatic compare of the conversion result to a software determined compare value
32.4.4.1 Initiating conversions
A conversion is initiated:
• Following a write to SC1A, with SC1n[ADCH] not all 1's, if software triggered
operation is selected, that is, when SC2[ADTRG]=0.
• Following a hardware trigger, or ADHWT event, if hardware triggered operation is
selected, that is, SC2[ADTRG]=1, and a hardware trigger select event, ADHWTSn,
has occurred. The channel and status fields selected depend on the active trigger
select signal:
• ADHWTSA active selects SC1A.
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• ADHWTSn active selects SC1n.
• if neither is active, the off condition is selected
Note
Selecting more than one ADHWTSn prior to a conversion
completion will result in unknown results. To avoid this,
select only one ADHWTSn prior to a conversion
completion.
• Following the transfer of the result to the data registers when continuous conversion
is enabled, that is, when SC3[ADCO] = 1.
If continuous conversions are enabled, a new conversion is automatically initiated after
the completion of the current conversion. In software triggered operation, that is, when
SC2[ADTRG] = 0, continuous conversions begin after SC1A is written and continue
until aborted. In hardware triggered operation, that is, when SC2[ADTRG] = 1 and one
ADHWTSn event has occurred, continuous conversions begin after a hardware trigger
event and continue until aborted.
If hardware averaging is enabled, a new conversion is automatically initiated after the
completion of the current conversion until the correct number of conversions are
completed. In software triggered operation, conversions begin after SC1A is written. In
hardware triggered operation, conversions begin after a hardware trigger. If continuous
conversions are also enabled, a new set of conversions to be averaged are initiated
following the last of the selected number of conversions.
32.4.4.2 Completing conversions
A conversion is completed when the result of the conversion is transferred into the data
result registers, Rn. If the compare functions are disabled, this is indicated by setting of
SC1n[COCO]. If hardware averaging is enabled, the respective SC1n[COCO] sets only if
the last of the selected number of conversions is completed. If the compare function is
enabled, the respective SC1n[COCO] sets and conversion result data is transferred only if
the compare condition is true. If both hardware averaging and compare functions are
enabled, then the respective SC1n[COCO] sets only if the last of the selected number of
conversions is completed and the compare condition is true. An interrupt is generated if
the respective SC1n[AIEN] is high at the time that the respective SC1n[COCO] is set.
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32.4.4.3 Aborting conversions
Any conversion in progress is aborted when:
• Writing to SC1A while it is actively controlling a conversion, aborts the current
conversion. In Software Trigger mode, when SC2[ADTRG]=0, a write to SC1A
initiates a new conversion if SC1A[ADCH] is equal to a value other than all 1s.
Writing to any of the SC1B–SC1n registers while that specific SC1B–SC1n register
is actively controlling a conversion aborts the current conversion. The SC1(B-n)
registers are not used for software trigger operation and therefore writes to the
SC1(B-n) registers do not initiate a new conversion.
• A write to any ADC register besides the SC1A-SC1n registers occurs. This indicates
that a change in mode of operation has occurred and the current conversion is
therefore invalid.
• The MCU is reset or enters Low-Power Stop modes.
• The MCU enters Normal Stop mode with ADACK or Alternate Clock Sources not
enabled.
When a conversion is aborted, the contents of the data registers, Rn, are not altered. The
data registers continue to be the values transferred after the completion of the last
successful conversion. If the conversion was aborted by a reset or Low-Power Stop
modes, RA and Rn return to their reset states.
32.4.4.4 Power control
The ADC module remains in its idle state until a conversion is initiated. If ADACK is
selected as the conversion clock source, but the asynchronous clock output is disabled,
that is CFG2[ADACKEN]=0, the ADACK clock generator also remains in its idle state
(disabled) until a conversion is initiated. If the asynchronous clock output is enabled, that
is, CFG2[ADACKEN]=1, it remains active regardless of the state of the ADC or the
MCU power mode.
Power consumption when the ADC is active can be reduced by setting CFG1[ADLPC].
This results in a lower maximum value for fADCK.
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32.4.4.5 Sample time and total conversion time
For short sample, that is, when CFG1[ADLSMP]=0, there is a 2-cycle adder for first
conversion over the base sample time of four ADCK cycles. For high-speed conversions,
that is, when CFG2[ADHSC]=1, there is an additional 2-cycle adder on any conversion.
The table below summarizes sample times for the possible ADC configurations.
ADC configuration Sample time (ADCK cycles)
CFG1[ADLSMP] CFG2[ADLSTS] CFG2[ADHSC] First or Single Subsequent
0 X 0 6 4
1 00 0 24
1 01 0 16
1 10 0 10
1 11 0 6
0 X 1 8 6
1 00 1 26
1 01 1 18
1 10 1 12
1 11 1 8
The total conversion time depends upon:
• The sample time as determined by CFG1[ADLSMP] and CFG2[ADLSTS]
• The MCU bus frequency
• The conversion mode, as determined by CFG1[MODE] and SC1n[DIFF]
• The high-speed configuration, that is, CFG2[ADHSC]
• The frequency of the conversion clock, that is, fADCK.
CFG2[ADHSC] is used to configure a higher clock input frequency. This will allow
faster overall conversion times. To meet internal ADC timing requirements,
CFG2[ADHSC] adds additional ADCK cycles. Conversions with CFG2[ADHSC]=1 take
two more ADCK cycles. CFG2[ADHSC] must be used when the ADCLK exceeds the
limit for CFG2[ADHSC]=0.
After the module becomes active, sampling of the input begins.
1. CFG1[ADLSMP] and CFG2[ADLSTS] select between sample times based on the
conversion mode that is selected.
2. When sampling is completed, the converter is isolated from the input channel and a
successive approximation algorithm is applied to determine the digital value of the
analog signal.
3. The result of the conversion is transferred to Rn upon completion of the conversion
algorithm.
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If the bus frequency is less than fADCK, precise sample time for continuous conversions
cannot be guaranteed when short sample is enabled, that is, when CFG1[ADLSMP]=0.
The maximum total conversion time is determined by the clock source chosen and the
divide ratio selected. The clock source is selectable by CFG1[ADICLK], and the divide
ratio is specified by CFG1[ADIV].
The maximum total conversion time for all configurations is summarized in the equation
below. See the following tables for the variables referenced in the equation.
Equation 1. Conversion time equation
Table 32-3. Single or first continuous time adder (SFCAdder)
CFG1[AD
LSMP]
CFG2[AD
ACKEN] CFG1[ADICLK] Single or first continuous time adder (SFCAdder)
1 x 0x, 10 3 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
1 1 11 3 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles1
1 0 11 5 μs + 3 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
0 x 0x, 10 5 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
0 1 11 5 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles1
0 0 11 5 μs + 5 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
1. To achieve this time, CFG2[ADACKEN] must be 1 for at least 5 μs prior to the conversion is initiated.
Table 32-4. Average number factor (AverageNum)
SC3[AVGE] SC3[AVGS] Average number factor (AverageNum)
0 xx 1
1 00 4
1 01 8
1 10 16
1 11 32
Table 32-5. Base conversion time (BCT)
Mode Base conversion time (BCT)
8b single-ended 17 ADCK cycles
9b differential 27 ADCK cycles
10b single-ended 20 ADCK cycles
11b differential 30 ADCK cycles
12b single-ended 20 ADCK cycles
13b differential 30 ADCK cycles
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 32-5. Base conversion time (BCT) (continued)
Mode Base conversion time (BCT)
16b single-ended 25 ADCK cycles
16b differential 34 ADCK cycles
Table 32-6. Long sample time adder (LSTAdder)
CFG1[ADLSMP] CFG2[ADLSTS] Long sample time adder
(LSTAdder)
0 xx 0 ADCK cycles
1 00 20 ADCK cycles
1 01 12 ADCK cycles
1 10 6 ADCK cycles
1 11 2 ADCK cycles
Table 32-7. High-speed conversion time adder (HSCAdder)
CFG2[ADHSC] High-speed conversion time adder (HSCAdder)
0 0 ADCK cycles
1 2 ADCK cycles
Note
The ADCK frequency must be between fADCK minimum and
fADCK maximum to meet ADC specifications.
32.4.4.6 Conversion time examples
The following examples use the Equation 1 on page 690, and the information provided in
Table 32-3 through Table 32-7.
32.4.4.6.1 Typical conversion time configuration
A typical configuration for ADC conversion is:
• 10-bit mode, with the bus clock selected as the input clock source
• The input clock divide-by-1 ratio selected
• Bus frequency of 8 MHz
• Long sample time disabled
• High-speed conversion disabled
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The conversion time for a single conversion is calculated by using the Equation 1 on page
690, and the information provided in Table 32-3 through Table 32-7. The table below
lists the variables of Equation 1 on page 690.
Table 32-8. Typical conversion time
Variable Time
SFCAdder 5 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
AverageNum 1
BCT 20 ADCK cycles
LSTAdder 0
HSCAdder 0
The resulting conversion time is generated using the parameters listed in the preceding
table. Therefore, for a bus clock and an ADCK frequency equal to 8 MHz, the resulting
conversion time is 3.75 µs.
32.4.4.6.2 Long conversion time configuration
A configuration for long ADC conversion is:
• 16-bit differential mode with the bus clock selected as the input clock source
• The input clock divide-by-8 ratio selected
• Bus frequency of 8 MHz
• Long sample time enabled
• Configured for longest adder
• High-speed conversion disabled
• Average enabled for 32 conversions
The conversion time for this conversion is calculated by using the Equation 1 on page
690, and the information provided in Table 32-3 through Table 32-7. The following table
lists the variables of the Equation 1 on page 690.
Table 32-9. Typical conversion time
Variable Time
SFCAdder 3 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
AverageNum 32
BCT 34 ADCK cycles
LSTAdder 20 ADCK cycles
HSCAdder 0
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The resulting conversion time is generated using the parameters listed in the preceding
table. Therefore, for bus clock equal to 8 MHz and ADCK equal to 1 MHz, the resulting
conversion time is 57.625 µs, that is, AverageNum. This results in a total conversion time
of 1.844 ms.
32.4.4.6.3 Short conversion time configuration
A configuration for short ADC conversion is:
• 8-bit Single-Ended mode with the bus clock selected as the input clock source
• The input clock divide-by-1 ratio selected
• Bus frequency of 20 MHz
• Long sample time disabled
• High-speed conversion enabled
The conversion time for this conversion is calculated by using the Equation 1 on page
690, and the information provided in Table 32-3 through Table 32-7. The table below
lists the variables of Equation 1 on page 690.
Table 32-10. Typical conversion time
Variable Time
SFCAdder 5 ADCK cycles + 5 bus clock cycles
AverageNum 1
BCT 17 ADCK cycles
LSTAdder 0 ADCK cycles
HSCAdder 2
The resulting conversion time is generated using the parameters listed in in the preceding
table. Therefore, for bus clock and ADCK frequency equal to 20 MHz, the resulting
conversion time is 1.45 µs.
32.4.4.7 Hardware average function
The hardware average function can be enabled by setting SC3[AVGE]=1 to perform a
hardware average of multiple conversions. The number of conversions is determined by
the AVGS[1:0] bits, which can select 4, 8, 16, or 32 conversions to be averaged. While
the hardware average function is in progress, SC2[ADACT] will be set.
After the selected input is sampled and converted, the result is placed in an accumulator
from which an average is calculated once the selected number of conversions have been
completed. When hardware averaging is selected, the completion of a single conversion
will not set SC1n[COCO].
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If the compare function is either disabled or evaluates true, after the selected number of
conversions are completed, the average conversion result is transferred into the data
result registers, Rn, and SC1n[COCO] is set. An ADC interrupt is generated upon the
setting of SC1n[COCO] if the respective ADC interrupt is enabled, that is,
SC1n[AIEN]=1.
Note
The hardware average function can perform conversions on a
channel while the MCU is in Wait or Normal Stop modes. The
ADC interrupt wakes the MCU when the hardware average is
completed if SC1n[AIEN] is set.
32.4.5 Automatic compare function
The compare function can be configured to check whether the result is less than or
greater-than-or-equal-to a single compare value, or, if the result falls within or outside a
range determined by two compare values.
The compare mode is determined by SC2[ACFGT], SC2[ACREN], and the values in the
compare value registers, CV1 and CV2. After the input is sampled and converted, the
compare values in CV1 and CV2 are used as described in the following table. There are
six Compare modes as shown in the following table.
Table 32-11. Compare modes
SC2[AC
FGT]
SC2[AC
REN]
ADCCV1
relative to
ADCCV2
Function Compare mode description
0 0 — Less than threshold Compare true if the result is less than the
CV1 registers.
1 0 — Greater than or equal to threshold Compare true if the result is greater than or
equal to CV1 registers.
0 1 Less than or
equal
Outside range, not inclusive Compare true if the result is less than CV1
Or the result is greater than CV2.
0 1 Greater than Inside range, not inclusive Compare true if the result is less than CV1
And the result is greater than CV2.
1 1 Less than or
equal
Inside range, inclusive Compare true if the result is greater than or
equal to CV1 And the result is less than or
equal to CV2.
1 1 Greater than Outside range, inclusive Compare true if the result is greater than or
equal to CV1 Or the result is less than or
equal to CV2.
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With SC2[ACREN] =1, and if the value of CV1 is less than or equal to the value of CV2,
then setting SC2[ACFGT] will select a trigger-if-inside-compare-range inclusive-of-
endpoints function. Clearing SC2[ACFGT] will select a trigger-if-outside-compare-
range, not-inclusive-of-endpoints function.
If CV1 is greater than CV2, setting SC2[ACFGT] will select a trigger-if-outside-
compare-range, inclusive-of-endpoints function. Clearing SC2[ACFGT] will select a
trigger-if-inside-compare-range, not-inclusive-of-endpoints function.
If the condition selected evaluates true, SC1n[COCO] is set.
Upon completion of a conversion while the compare function is enabled, if the compare
condition is not true, SC1n[COCO] is not set and the conversion result data will not be
transferred to the result register, Rn. If the hardware averaging function is enabled, the
compare function compares the averaged result to the compare values. The same compare
function definitions apply. An ADC interrupt is generated when SC1n[COCO] is set and
the respective ADC interrupt is enabled, that is, SC1n[AIEN]=1.
Note
The compare function can monitor the voltage on a channel
while the MCU is in Wait or Normal Stop modes. The ADC
interrupt wakes the MCU when the compare condition is met.
32.4.6 Calibration function
The ADC contains a self-calibration function that is required to achieve the specified
accuracy.
Calibration must be run, or valid calibration values written, after any reset and before a
conversion is initiated. The calibration function sets the offset calibration value, the
minus-side calibration values, and the plus-side calibration values. The offset calibration
value is automatically stored in the ADC offset correction register (OFS), and the plus-
side and minus-side calibration values are automatically stored in the ADC plus-side and
minus-side calibration registers, CLPx and CLMx. The user must configure the ADC
correctly prior to calibration, and must generate the plus-side and minus-side gain
calibration results and store them in the ADC plus-side gain register (PG) after the
calibration function completes.
Prior to calibration, the user must configure the ADC's clock source and frequency, low
power configuration, voltage reference selection, sample time, and high speed
configuration according to the application's clock source availability and needs. If the
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application uses the ADC in a wide variety of configurations, the configuration for which
the highest accuracy is required should be selected, or multiple calibrations can be done
for the different configurations. For best calibration results:
• Set hardware averaging to maximum, that is, SC3[AVGE]=1 and SC3[AVGS]=11
for an average of 32
• Set ADC clock frequency fADCK less than or equal to 4 MHz
• VREFH=VDDA
• Calibrate at nominal voltage and temperature
The input channel, conversion mode continuous function, compare function, resolution
mode, and differential/single-ended mode are all ignored during the calibration function.
To initiate calibration, the user sets SC3[CAL] and the calibration will automatically
begin if the SC2[ADTRG] is 0. If SC2[ADTRG] is 1, SC3[CAL] will not get set and
SC3[CALF] will be set. While calibration is active, no ADC register can be written and
no stop mode may be entered, or the calibration routine will be aborted causing
SC3[CAL] to clear and SC3[CALF] to set. At the end of a calibration sequence,
SC1n[COCO] will be set. SC1n[AIEN] can be used to allow an interrupt to occur at the
end of a calibration sequence. At the end of the calibration routine, if SC3[CALF] is not
set, the automatic calibration routine is completed successfully.
To complete calibration, the user must generate the gain calibration values using the
following procedure:
1. Initialize or clear a 16-bit variable in RAM.
2. Add the plus-side calibration results CLP0, CLP1, CLP2, CLP3, CLP4, and CLPS to
the variable.
3. Divide the variable by two.
4. Set the MSB of the variable.
5. The previous two steps can be achieved by setting the carry bit, rotating to the right
through the carry bit on the high byte and again on the low byte.
6. Store the value in the plus-side gain calibration register PG.
7. Repeat the procedure for the minus-side gain calibration value.
When calibration is complete, the user may reconfigure and use the ADC as desired. A
second calibration may also be performed, if desired, by clearing and again setting
SC3[CAL].
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Overall, the calibration routine may take as many as 14k ADCK cycles and 100 bus
cycles, depending on the results and the clock source chosen. For an 8 MHz clock source,
this length amounts to about 1.7 ms. To reduce this latency, the calibration values, which
are offset, plus-side and minus-side gain, and plus-side and minus-side calibration values,
may be stored in flash memory after an initial calibration and recovered prior to the first
ADC conversion. This method can reduce the calibration latency to 20 register store
operations on all subsequent power, reset, or Low-Power Stop mode recoveries.
Further information on the calibration procedure can be found in the Calibration section
of AN3949: ADC16 Calibration Procedure and Programmable Delay Block
Synchronization.
32.4.7 User-defined offset function
OFS contains the user-selected or calibration-generated offset error correction value.
This register is a 2’s complement, left-justified. The value in OFS is subtracted from the
conversion and the result is transferred into the result registers, Rn. If the result is greater
than the maximum or less than the minimum result value, it is forced to the appropriate
limit for the current mode of operation.
The formatting of the OFS is different from the data result register, Rn, to preserve the
resolution of the calibration value regardless of the conversion mode selected. Lower
order bits are ignored in lower resolution modes. For example, in 8-bit single-ended
mode, OFS[14:7] are subtracted from D[7:0]; OFS[15] indicates the sign (negative
numbers are effectively added to the result) and OFS[6:0] are ignored. The same bits are
used in 9-bit differential mode because OFS[15] indicates the sign bit, which maps to
D[8]. For 16-bit differential mode, OFS[15:0] are directly subtracted from the conversion
result data D[15:0]. In 16-bit single-ended mode, there is no field in the OFS
corresponding to the least significant result D[0], so odd values, such as -1 or +1, cannot
be subtracted from the result.
OFS is automatically set according to calibration requirements once the self-calibration
sequence is done, that is, SC3[CAL] is cleared. The user may write to OFS to override
the calibration result if desired. If the OFS is written by the user to a value that is
different from the calibration value, the ADC error specifications may not be met. Storing
the value generated by the calibration function in memory before overwriting with a user-
specified value is recommended.
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Note
There is an effective limit to the values of offset that can be set
by the user. If the magnitude of the offset is too high, the results
of the conversions will cap off at the limits.
The offset calibration function may be employed by the user to remove application
offsets or DC bias values. OFS may be written with a number in 2's complement format
and this offset will be subtracted from the result, or hardware averaged value. To add an
offset, store the negative offset in 2's complement format and the effect will be an
addition. An offset correction that results in an out-of-range value will be forced to the
minimum or maximum value. The minimum value for single-ended conversions is
0x0000; for a differential conversion it is 0x8000.
To preserve accuracy, the calibrated offset value initially stored in OFS must be added to
the user-defined offset. For applications that may change the offset repeatedly during
operation, store the initial offset calibration value in flash so it can be recovered and
added to any user offset adjustment value and the sum stored in OFS.
32.4.8 Temperature sensor
The ADC module includes a temperature sensor whose output is connected to one of the
ADC analog channel inputs.
The following equation provides an approximate transfer function of the temperature
sensor.
m
Equation 2. Approximate transfer function of the temperature sensor
where:
• VTEMP is the voltage of the temperature sensor channel at the ambient temperature.
• VTEMP25 is the voltage of the temperature sensor channel at 25 °C.
• m is referred as temperature sensor slope in the device data sheet. It is the hot or cold
voltage versus temperature slope in V/°C.
For temperature calculations, use the VTEMP25 and temperature sensor slope values from
the ADC Electricals table.
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In application code, the user reads the temperature sensor channel, calculates VTEMP, and
compares to VTEMP25. If VTEMP is greater than VTEMP25 the cold slope value is applied in
the preceding equation. If VTEMP is less than VTEMP25, the hot slope value is applied in
the preceding equation. ADC Electricals table may only specify one temperature sensor
slope value. In that case, the user could use the same slope for the calculation across the
operational temperature range.
For more information on using the temperature sensor, see the application note titled
Temperature Sensor for the HCS08 Microcontroller Family (document AN3031).
32.4.9 MCU wait mode operation
Wait mode is a lower-power consumption Standby mode from which recovery is fast
because the clock sources remain active.
If a conversion is in progress when the MCU enters Wait mode, it continues until
completion. Conversions can be initiated while the MCU is in Wait mode by means of
the hardware trigger or if continuous conversions are enabled.
The bus clock, ADACK, and Alternate Clock sources are available as conversion clock
sources while in Wait mode. The use of ALTCLK as the conversion clock source in Wait
is dependent on the definition of ALTCLK for this MCU. See the Chip Configuration
information on ALTCLK specific to this MCU.
If the compare and hardware averaging functions are disabled, a conversion complete
event sets SC1n[COCO] and generates an ADC interrupt to wake the MCU from Wait
mode if the respective ADC interrupt is enabled, that is, when SC1n[AIEN]=1. If the
hardware averaging function is enabled, SC1n[COCO] will set, and generate an interrupt
if enabled, when the selected number of conversions are completed. If the compare
function is enabled, SC1n[COCO] will set, and generate an interrupt if enabled, only if
the compare conditions are met. If a single conversion is selected and the compare trigger
is not met, the ADC will return to its idle state and cannot wake the MCU from Wait
mode unless a new conversion is initiated by the hardware trigger.
32.4.10 MCU Normal Stop mode operation
Stop mode is a low-power consumption Standby mode during which most or all clock
sources on the MCU are disabled.
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32.4.10.1 Normal Stop mode with Bus Clock selected
If the Bus Clock is selected as the conversion clock, executing a stop instruction aborts
the current conversion and places the ADC in its Idle state. The contents of the ADC
registers, including Rn, are unaffected by Normal Stop mode. After exiting from Normal
Stop mode, a software or hardware trigger is required to resume conversions.
32.4.10.2 Normal Stop mode with ADACK or Alternate clock sources
enabled
If ADACK or an Alternate clock source is selected as the conversion clock, the ADC
continues operation during Normal Stop mode. See the chip-specific ADC information
for configuration information for this device.
If a conversion is in progress when the MCU enters Normal Stop mode, it continues until
completion. Conversions can be initiated while the MCU is in Normal Stop mode by
means of the hardware trigger or if continuous conversions are enabled.
If the compare and hardware averaging functions are disabled, a conversion complete
event sets SC1n[COCO] and generates an ADC interrupt to wake the MCU from Normal
Stop mode if the respective ADC interrupt is enabled, that is, when SC1n[AIEN]=1. The
result register, Rn, will contain the data from the first completed conversion that occurred
during Normal Stop mode. If the hardware averaging function is enabled, SC1n[COCO]
will set, and generate an interrupt if enabled, when the selected number of conversions
are completed. If the compare function is enabled, SC1n[COCO] will set, and generate an
interrupt if enabled, only if the compare conditions are met. If a single conversion is
selected and the compare is not true, the ADC will return to its idle state and cannot wake
the MCU from Normal Stop mode unless a new conversion is initiated by another
hardware trigger.
32.4.11 MCU Low-Power Stop mode operation
The ADC module is automatically disabled when the MCU enters Low-Power Stop
mode.
All module registers contain their reset values following exit from Low-Power Stop
mode. Therefore, the module must be re-enabled and re-configured following exit from
Low-Power Stop mode.
NOTE
For the chip specific modes of operation, see the power
management information for the device.
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32.5 Initialization information
This section gives an example that provides some basic direction on how to initialize and
configure the ADC module.
The user can configure the module for 16-bit, 12-bit, 10-bit, or 8-bit single-ended
resolution or 16-bit, 13-bit, 11-bit, or 9-bit differential resolution, single or continuous
conversion, and a polled or interrupt approach, among many other options. For
information used in this example, refer to Table 32-6, Table 32-7, and Table 32-8.
Note
Hexadecimal values are designated by a preceding 0x, binary
values designated by a preceding %, and decimal values have
no preceding character.
32.5.1 ADC module initialization example
32.5.1.1 Initialization sequence
Before the ADC module can be used to complete conversions, an initialization procedure
must be performed. A typical sequence is:
1. Calibrate the ADC by following the calibration instructions in Calibration function.
2. Update CFG to select the input clock source and the divide ratio used to generate
ADCK. This register is also used for selecting sample time and low-power
configuration.
3. Update SC2 to select the conversion trigger, hardware or software, and compare
function options, if enabled.
4. Update SC3 to select whether conversions will be continuous or completed only once
(ADCO) and whether to perform hardware averaging.
5. Update SC1:SC1n registers to select whether conversions will be single-ended or
differential and to enable or disable conversion complete interrupts. Also, select the
input channel which can be used to perform conversions.
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32.5.1.2 Pseudo-code example
In this example, the ADC module is set up with interrupts enabled to perform a single 10-
bit conversion at low-power with a long sample time on input channel 1, where ADCK is
derived from the bus clock divided by 1.
CFG1 = 0x98 (%10011000)
Bit 7 ADLPC 1 Configures for low power, lowers maximum clock speed.
Bit 6:5 ADIV 00 Sets the ADCK to the input clock ÷ 1.
Bit 4 ADLSMP 1 Configures for long sample time.
Bit 3:2 MODE 10 Selects the single-ended 10-bit conversion, differential 11-
bit conversion.
Bit 1:0 ADICLK 00 Selects the bus clock.
SC2 = 0x00 (%00000000)
Bit 7 ADACT 0 Flag indicates if a conversion is in progress.
Bit 6 ADTRG 0 Software trigger selected.
Bit 5 ACFE 0 Compare function disabled.
Bit 4 ACFGT 0 Not used in this example.
Bit 3 ACREN 0 Compare range disabled.
Bit 2 DMAEN 0 DMA request disabled.
Bit 1:0 REFSEL 00 Selects default voltage reference pin pair (External pins
VREFH and VREFL).
SC1A = 0x41 (%01000001)
Bit 7 COCO 0 Read-only flag which is set when a conversion completes.
Bit 6 AIEN 1 Conversion complete interrupt enabled.
Bit 5 DIFF 0 Single-ended conversion selected.
Bit 4:0 ADCH 00001 Input channel 1 selected as ADC input channel.
RA = 0xxx
Holds results of conversion.
CV = 0xxx
Holds compare value when compare function enabled.
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Reset
No
Yes
Check
SC1n[COCO]=1?
Initialize ADC
CFG1 = 0x98
SC2 = 0x00
SC1n = 0x41
Continue
Read Rn
to clear
SC1n[COCO]
Figure 32-2. Initialization flowchart example
32.6 Application information
The ADC has been designed to be integrated into a microcontroller for use in embedded
control applications requiring an ADC.
For guidance on selecting optimum external component values and converter parameters
see AN4373: Cookbook for SAR ADC Measurements.
32.6.1 External pins and routing
32.6.1.1 Analog supply pins
Depending on the device, the analog power and ground supplies, VDDA and VSSA, of the
ADC module are available as:
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• VDDA and VSSA available as separate pins—When available on a separate pin, both
VDDA and VSSA must be connected to the same voltage potential as their
corresponding MCU digital supply, VDD and VSS, and must be routed carefully for
maximum noise immunity and bypass capacitors placed as near as possible to the
package.
• VSSA is shared on the same pin as the MCU digital VSS.
• VSSA and VDDA are shared with the MCU digital supply pins—In these cases, there
are separate pads for the analog supplies bonded to the same pin as the corresponding
digital supply so that some degree of isolation between the supplies is maintained.
If separate power supplies are used for analog and digital power, the ground connection
between these supplies must be at the VSSA pin. This must be the only ground connection
between these supplies, if possible. VSSA makes a good single point ground location.
32.6.1.2 Analog voltage reference pins
In addition to the analog supplies, the ADC module has connections for two reference
voltage inputs used by the converter:
• VREFSH is the high reference voltage for the converter.
• VREFSL is the low reference voltage for the converter.
The ADC can be configured to accept one of two voltage reference pairs for VREFSH and
VREFSL. Each pair contains a positive reference and a ground reference. The two pairs are
external, VREFH and VREFL and alternate, VALTH and VALTL. These voltage references are
selected using SC2[REFSEL]. The alternate voltage reference pair, VALTH and VALTL,
may select additional external pins or internal sources based on MCU configuration. See
the chip configuration information on the voltage references specific to this MCU.
In some packages, the external or alternate pairs are connected in the package to VDDA
and VSSA, respectively. One of these positive references may be shared on the same pin
as VDDA on some devices. One of these ground references may be shared on the same pin
as VSSA on some devices.
If externally available, the positive reference may be connected to the same potential as
VDDA or may be driven by an external source to a level between the minimum Ref
Voltage High and the VDDA potential. The positive reference must never exceed VDDA. If
externally available, the ground reference must be connected to the same voltage
potential as VSSA. The voltage reference pairs must be routed carefully for maximum
noise immunity and bypass capacitors placed as near as possible to the package.
AC current in the form of current spikes required to supply charge to the capacitor array
at each successive approximation step is drawn through the VREFH and VREFL loop. The
best external component to meet this current demand is a 0.1 μF capacitor with good
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high-frequency characteristics. This capacitor is connected between VREFH and VREFL
and must be placed as near as possible to the package pins. Resistance in the path is not
recommended because the current causes a voltage drop that could result in conversion
errors. Inductance in this path must be minimum, that is, parasitic only.
32.6.1.3 Analog input pins
The external analog inputs are typically shared with digital I/O pins on MCU devices.
Empirical data shows that capacitors on the analog inputs improve performance in the
presence of noise or when the source impedance is high. Use of 0.01 μF capacitors with
good high-frequency characteristics is sufficient. These capacitors are not necessary in all
cases, but when used, they must be placed as near as possible to the package pins and be
referenced to VSSA.
For proper conversion, the input voltage must fall between VREFH and VREFL. If the input
is equal to or exceeds VREFH, the converter circuit converts the signal to 0xFFF, which is
full scale 12-bit representation, 0x3FF, which is full scale 10-bit representation, or 0xFF,
which is full scale 8-bit representation. If the input is equal to or less than VREFL, the
converter circuit converts it to 0x000. Input voltages between VREFH and VREFL are
straight-line linear conversions. There is a brief current associated with VREFL when the
sampling capacitor is charging.
For minimal loss of accuracy due to current injection, pins adjacent to the analog input
pins must not be transitioning during conversions.
32.6.2 Sources of error
32.6.2.1 Sampling error
For proper conversions, the input must be sampled long enough to achieve the proper
accuracy.
RAS + RADIN =SC / (FMAX * NUMTAU * CADIN)
Figure 32-3. Sampling equation
Where:
RAS = External analog source resistance
SC = Number of ADCK cycles used during sample window
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CADIN = Internal ADC input capacitance
NUMTAU = -ln(LSBERR / 2N)
LSBERR = value of acceptable sampling error in LSBs
N = 8 in 8-bit mode, 10 in 10-bit mode, 12 in 12-bit mode or 16 in 16-bit mode
Higher source resistances or higher-accuracy sampling is possible by setting
CFG1[ADLSMP] and changing CFG2[ADLSTS] to increase the sample window, or
decreasing ADCK frequency to increase sample time.
32.6.2.2 Pin leakage error
Leakage on the I/O pins can cause conversion error if the external analog source
resistance, RAS, is high. If this error cannot be tolerated by the application, keep RAS
lower than VREFH / (4 × ILEAK × 2N) for less than 1/4 LSB leakage error, where N = 8 in
8-bit mode, 10 in 10-bit mode, 12 in 12-bit mode, or 16 in 16-bit mode.
32.6.2.3 Noise-induced errors
System noise that occurs during the sample or conversion process can affect the accuracy
of the conversion. The ADC accuracy numbers are guaranteed as specified only if the
following conditions are met:
• There is a 0.1 μF low-ESR capacitor from VREFH to VREFL.
• There is a 0.1 μF low-ESR capacitor from VDDA to VSSA.
• If inductive isolation is used from the primary supply, an additional 1 μF capacitor is
placed from VDDA to VSSA.
• VSSA, and VREFL, if connected, is connected to VSS at a quiet point in the ground
plane.
• Operate the MCU in Wait or Normal Stop mode before initiating (hardware-triggered
conversions) or immediately after initiating (hardware- or software-triggered
conversions) the ADC conversion.
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• For software triggered conversions, immediately follow the write to SC1 with a
Wait instruction or Stop instruction.
• For Normal Stop mode operation, select ADACK or an Alternate clock as the
clock source. Operation in Normal Stop reduces VDD noise but increases
effective conversion time due to stop recovery.
• There is no I/O switching, input or output, on the MCU during the conversion.
There are some situations where external system activity causes radiated or conducted
noise emissions or excessive VDD noise is coupled into the ADC. In these situations, or
when the MCU cannot be placed in Wait or Normal Stop mode, or I/O activity cannot be
halted, the following actions may reduce the effect of noise on the accuracy:
• Place a 0.01 μF capacitor (CAS) on the selected input channel to VREFL or VSSA. This
improves noise issues, but affects the sample rate based on the external analog source
resistance.
• Average the result by converting the analog input many times in succession and
dividing the sum of the results. Four samples are required to eliminate the effect of a
1 LSB, one-time error.
• Reduce the effect of synchronous noise by operating off the asynchronous clock, that
is, ADACK, and averaging. Noise that is synchronous to ADCK cannot be averaged
out.
32.6.2.4 Code width and quantization error
The ADC quantizes the ideal straight-line transfer function into 65536 steps in the 16-bit
mode.. Each step ideally has the same height, that is, 1 code, and width. The width is
defined as the delta between the transition points to one code and the next. The ideal code
width for an N-bit converter, where N can be 16, 12, 10, or 8, defined as 1 LSB, is:
LSB
Equation 3. Ideal code width for an N-bit converter
There is an inherent quantization error due to the digitization of the result. For 8-bit, 10-
bit, or 12-bit conversions, the code transitions when the voltage is at the midpoint
between the points where the straight line transfer function is exactly represented by the
actual transfer function. Therefore, the quantization error will be ± 1/2 LSB in 8-bit, 10-
bit, or 12-bit modes. As a consequence, however, the code width of the first (0x000)
conversion is only 1/2 LSB and the code width of the last (0xFF or 0x3FF) is 1.5 LSB.
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For 16-bit conversions, the code transitions only after the full code width is present, so
the quantization error is -1 LSB to 0 LSB and the code width of each step is 1 LSB.
32.6.2.5 Linearity errors
The ADC may also exhibit non-linearity of several forms. Every effort has been made to
reduce these errors, but the system designers must be aware of these errors because they
affect overall accuracy:
• Zero-scale error (EZS), sometimes called offset: This error is defined as the difference
between the actual code width of the first conversion and the ideal code width. This
is 1/2 LSB in 8-bit, 10-bit, or 12-bit modes and 1 LSB in 16-bit mode. If the first
conversion is 0x001, the difference between the actual 0x001 code width and its ideal
(1 LSB) is used.
• Full-scale error (EFS): This error is defined as the difference between the actual code
width of the last conversion and the ideal code width. This is 1.5 LSB in 8-bit, 10-bit,
or 12-bit modes and 1 LSB in 16-bit mode. If the last conversion is 0x3FE, the
difference between the actual 0x3FE code width and its ideal (1 LSB) is used.
• Differential non-linearity (DNL): This error is defined as the worst-case difference
between the actual code width and the ideal code width for all conversions.
• Integral non-linearity (INL): This error is defined as the highest-value or absolute
value that the running sum of DNL achieves. More simply, this is the worst-case
difference of the actual transition voltage to a given code and its corresponding ideal
transition voltage, for all codes.
• Total unadjusted error (TUE): This error is defined as the difference between the
actual transfer function and the ideal straight-line transfer function and includes all
forms of error.
32.6.2.6 Code jitter, non-monotonicity, and missing codes
Analog-to-digital converters are susceptible to three special forms of error:
• Code jitter: Code jitter occurs when a given input voltage converts to one of the two
values when sampled repeatedly. Ideally, when the input voltage is infinitesimally
smaller than the transition voltage, the converter yields the lower code, and vice-
versa. However, even small amounts of system noise can cause the converter to be
indeterminate, between two codes, for a range of input voltages around the transition
voltage.
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This error may be reduced by repeatedly sampling the input and averaging the result.
Additionally, the techniques discussed in Noise-induced errors reduces this error.
• Non-monotonicity: Non-monotonicity occurs when, except for code jitter, the
converter converts to a lower code for a higher input voltage.
• Missing codes: Missing codes are those values never converted for any input value.
In 8-bit or 10-bit mode, the ADC is guaranteed to be monotonic and have no missing
codes.
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Chapter 33
Comparator (CMP)
33.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The comparator (CMP) module provides a circuit for comparing two analog input
voltages. The comparator circuit is designed to operate across the full range of the supply
voltage, known as rail-to-rail operation.
The Analog MUX (ANMUX) provides a circuit for selecting an analog input signal from
eight channels. One signal is provided by the 6-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
The mux circuit is designed to operate across the full range of the supply voltage.
The 6-bit DAC is 64-tap resistor ladder network which provides a selectable voltage
reference for applications where voltage reference is needed. The 64-tap resistor ladder
network divides the supply reference Vin into 64 voltage levels. A 6-bit digital signal
input selects the output voltage level, which varies from Vin to Vin/64. Vin can be selected
from two voltage sources, Vin1 and Vin2. The 6-bit DAC from a comparator is available
as an on-chip internal signal only and is not available externally to a pin.
33.1.1 CMP features
The CMP has the following features:
• Operational over the entire supply range
• Inputs may range from rail to rail
• Programmable hysteresis control
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• Selectable interrupt on rising-edge, falling-edge, or both rising or falling edges of the
comparator output
• Selectable inversion on comparator output
• Capability to produce a wide range of outputs such as:
• Sampled
• Windowed, which is ideal for certain PWM zero-crossing-detection applications
• Digitally filtered:
• Filter can be bypassed
• Can be clocked via external SAMPLE signal or scaled bus clock
• External hysteresis can be used at the same time that the output filter is used for
internal functions
• Two software selectable performance levels:
• Shorter propagation delay at the expense of higher power
• Low power, with longer propagation delay
• DMA transfer support
• A comparison event can be selected to trigger a DMA transfer
• Functional in all modes of operation except VLLS0
• The window and filter functions are not available in the following modes:
• Stop
• VLPS
• LLS
• VLLSx
33.1.2 6-bit DAC key features
The 6-bit DAC has the following features:
• 6-bit resolution
• Selectable supply reference source
• Power Down mode to conserve power when not in use
• Option to route the output to internal comparator input
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33.1.3 ANMUX key features
The ANMUX has the following features:
• Two 8-to-1 channel mux
• Operational over the entire supply range
33.1.4 CMP, DAC and ANMUX diagram
The following figure shows the block diagram for the High-Speed Comparator, DAC,
and ANMUX modules.
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VRSEL
VOSEL[5:0]
MUX
64-level
PSEL[2:0]
DAC
MUXMUX
IRQ
ANMUX
MSEL[2:0]
CMP
CMP
MUX
DAC output
DACEN
Vin1 Vin2
Window
and filter
control
CMPO
Reference Input 0
Reference Input 1
Reference Input 2
Reference Input 3
Reference Input 4
Reference Input 5
Reference Input 6
INP
INM
Sample input
Figure 33-1. CMP, DAC and ANMUX block diagram
33.1.5 CMP block diagram
The following figure shows the block diagram for the CMP module.
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IRQ
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA 1
WE
0
SE
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
+
-
FILT_PER
bus clock
COS
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE 1 0
EN,PMODE,HYSCTRL[1:0]
Interrupt
control
Filter
block
Window
control
Polarity
select
Clock
prescaler divided
bus
clock
CMPO
To other SOC functions
Internal bus
Figure 33-2. Comparator module block diagram
In the CMP block diagram:
• The Window Control block is bypassed when CR1[WE] = 0
• If CR1[WE] = 1, the comparator output will be sampled on every bus clock when
WINDOW=1 to generate COUTA. Sampling does NOT occur when WINDOW = 0.
• The Filter block is bypassed when not in use.
• The Filter block acts as a simple sampler if the filter is bypassed and
CR0[FILTER_CNT] is set to 0x01.
• The Filter block filters based on multiple samples when the filter is bypassed and
CR0[FILTER_CNT] is set greater than 0x01.
• If CR1[SE] = 1, the external SAMPLE input is used as sampling clock
• If CR1[SE] = 0, the divided bus clock is used as sampling clock
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• If enabled, the Filter block will incur up to one bus clock additional latency penalty
on COUT due to the fact that COUT, which is crossing clock domain boundaries,
must be resynchronized to the bus clock.
• CR1[WE] and CR1[SE] are mutually exclusive.
33.2 Memory map/register definitions
CMP memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_3000 CMP Control Register 0 (CMP0_CR0) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.1/716
4007_3001 CMP Control Register 1 (CMP0_CR1) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.2/717
4007_3002 CMP Filter Period Register (CMP0_FPR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.3/719
4007_3003 CMP Status and Control Register (CMP0_SCR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.4/719
4007_3004 DAC Control Register (CMP0_DACCR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.5/720
4007_3005 MUX Control Register (CMP0_MUXCR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.6/721
4007_3008 CMP Control Register 0 (CMP1_CR0) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.1/716
4007_3009 CMP Control Register 1 (CMP1_CR1) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.2/717
4007_300A CMP Filter Period Register (CMP1_FPR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.3/719
4007_300B CMP Status and Control Register (CMP1_SCR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.4/719
4007_300C DAC Control Register (CMP1_DACCR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.5/720
4007_300D MUX Control Register (CMP1_MUXCR) 8 R/W 00h 33.2.6/721
33.2.1 CMP Control Register 0 (CMPx_CR0)
Address: Base address + 0h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 FILTER_CNT 0 0 HYSTCTR
Write
Reset 00000000
CMPx_CR0 field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6–4
FILTER_CNT
Filter Sample Count
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CMPx_CR0 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Represents the number of consecutive samples that must agree prior to the comparator ouput filter
accepting a new output state. For information regarding filter programming and latency, see the Functional
description.
000 Filter is disabled. If SE = 1, then COUT is a logic 0. This is not a legal state, and is not
recommended. If SE = 0, COUT = COUTA.
001 One sample must agree. The comparator output is simply sampled.
010 2 consecutive samples must agree.
011 3 consecutive samples must agree.
100 4 consecutive samples must agree.
101 5 consecutive samples must agree.
110 6 consecutive samples must agree.
111 7 consecutive samples must agree.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
HYSTCTR Comparator hard block hysteresis control
Defines the programmable hysteresis level. The hysteresis values associated with each level are device-
specific. See the Data Sheet of the device for the exact values.
00 Level 0
01 Level 1
10 Level 2
11 Level 3
33.2.2 CMP Control Register 1 (CMPx_CR1)
Address: Base address + 1h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SE WE TRIGM PMODE INV COS OPE EN
Write
Reset 00000000
CMPx_CR1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
SE
Sample Enable
At any given time, either SE or WE can be set. If a write to this register attempts to set both, then SE is set
and WE is cleared. However, avoid writing 1s to both field locations because this "11" case is reserved
and may change in future implementations.
0 Sampling mode is not selected.
1 Sampling mode is selected.
6
WE
Windowing Enable
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CMPx_CR1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
At any given time, either SE or WE can be set. If a write to this register attempts to set both, then SE is set
and WE is cleared. However, avoid writing 1s to both field locations because this "11" case is reserved
and may change in future implementations.
0 Windowing mode is not selected.
1 Windowing mode is selected.
5
TRIGM
Trigger Mode Enable
CMP and DAC are configured to CMP Trigger mode when CMP_CR1[TRIGM] is set to 1. In addition, the
CMP should be enabled. If the DAC is to be used as a reference to the CMP, it should also be enabled.
CMP Trigger mode depends on an external timer resource to periodically enable the CMP and 6-bit DAC
in order to generate a triggered compare.
Upon setting TRIGM, the CMP and DAC are placed in a standby state until an external timer resource
trigger is received.
See the chip configuration for details about the external timer resource.
0 Trigger mode is disabled.
1 Trigger mode is enabled.
4
PMODE
Power Mode Select
See the electrical specifications table in the device Data Sheet for details.
0 Low-Speed (LS) Comparison mode selected. In this mode, CMP has slower output propagation delay
and lower current consumption.
1 High-Speed (HS) Comparison mode selected. In this mode, CMP has faster output propagation delay
and higher current consumption.
3
INV
Comparator INVERT
Allows selection of the polarity of the analog comparator function. It is also driven to the COUT output, on
both the device pin and as SCR[COUT], when OPE=0.
0 Does not invert the comparator output.
1 Inverts the comparator output.
2
COS
Comparator Output Select
0 Set the filtered comparator output (CMPO) to equal COUT.
1 Set the unfiltered comparator output (CMPO) to equal COUTA.
1
OPE
Comparator Output Pin Enable
0 CMPO is not available on the associated CMPO output pin. If the comparator does not own the pin,
this field has no effect.
1CMPO is available on the associated CMPO output pin.
The comparator output (CMPO) is driven out on the associated CMPO output pin if the comparator
owns the pin. If the comparator does not own the field, this bit has no effect.
0
EN
Comparator Module Enable
Enables the Analog Comparator module. When the module is not enabled, it remains in the off state, and
consumes no power. When the user selects the same input from analog mux to the positive and negative
port, the comparator is disabled automatically.
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CMPx_CR1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Analog Comparator is disabled.
1 Analog Comparator is enabled.
33.2.3 CMP Filter Period Register (CMPx_FPR)
Address: Base address + 2h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read FILT_PER
Write
Reset 00000000
CMPx_FPR field descriptions
Field Description
FILT_PER Filter Sample Period
Specifies the sampling period, in bus clock cycles, of the comparator output filter, when CR1[SE]=0.
Setting FILT_PER to 0x0 disables the filter. Filter programming and latency details appear in the
Functional description.
This field has no effect when CR1[SE]=1. In that case, the external SAMPLE signal is used to determine
the sampling period.
33.2.4 CMP Status and Control Register (CMPx_SCR)
Address: Base address + 3h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 DMAEN 0IER IEF CFR CFF COUT
Write w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
CMPx_SCR field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6
DMAEN
DMA Enable Control
Enables the DMA transfer triggered from the CMP module. When this field is set, a DMA request is
asserted when CFR or CFF is set.
0 DMA is disabled.
1 DMA is enabled.
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CMPx_SCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
IER
Comparator Interrupt Enable Rising
Enables the CFR interrupt from the CMP. When this field is set, an interrupt will be asserted when CFR is
set.
0 Interrupt is disabled.
1 Interrupt is enabled.
3
IEF
Comparator Interrupt Enable Falling
Enables the CFF interrupt from the CMP. When this field is set, an interrupt will be asserted when CFF is
set.
0 Interrupt is disabled.
1 Interrupt is enabled.
2
CFR
Analog Comparator Flag Rising
Detects a rising-edge on COUT, when set, during normal operation. CFR is cleared by writing 1 to it.
During Stop modes, CFR is edge sensitive .
0 Rising-edge on COUT has not been detected.
1 Rising-edge on COUT has occurred.
1
CFF
Analog Comparator Flag Falling
Detects a falling-edge on COUT, when set, during normal operation. CFF is cleared by writing 1 to it.
During Stop modes, CFF is edge sensitive .
0 Falling-edge on COUT has not been detected.
1 Falling-edge on COUT has occurred.
0
COUT
Analog Comparator Output
Returns the current value of the Analog Comparator output, when read. The field is reset to 0 and will read
as CR1[INV] when the Analog Comparator module is disabled, that is, when CR1[EN] = 0. Writes to this
field are ignored.
33.2.5 DAC Control Register (CMPx_DACCR)
Address: Base address + 4h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DACEN VRSEL VOSEL
Write
Reset 00000000
CMPx_DACCR field descriptions
Field Description
7
DACEN
DAC Enable
Enables the DAC. When the DAC is disabled, it is powered down to conserve power.
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CMPx_DACCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 DAC is disabled.
1 DAC is enabled.
6
VRSEL
Supply Voltage Reference Source Select
0 Vin1 is selected as resistor ladder network supply reference.
1 Vin2 is selected as resistor ladder network supply reference.
VOSEL DAC Output Voltage Select
Selects an output voltage from one of 64 distinct levels.
DACO = (V in /64) * (VOSEL[5:0] + 1) , so the DACO range is from V in /64 to V in .
33.2.6 MUX Control Register (CMPx_MUXCR)
Address: Base address + 5h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved 0PSEL MSEL
Write
Reset 00000000
CMPx_MUXCR field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
Bit can be programmed to zero only .
This field is reserved.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5–3
PSEL
Plus Input Mux Control
Determines which input is selected for the plus input of the comparator. For INx inputs, see CMP, DAC,
and ANMUX block diagrams.
NOTE: When an inappropriate operation selects the same input for both muxes, the comparator
automatically shuts down to prevent itself from becoming a noise generator.
000 IN0
001 IN1
010 IN2
011 IN3
100 IN4
101 IN5
110 IN6
111 IN7
MSEL Minus Input Mux Control
Determines which input is selected for the minus input of the comparator. For INx inputs, see CMP, DAC,
and ANMUX block diagrams.
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CMPx_MUXCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
NOTE: When an inappropriate operation selects the same input for both muxes, the comparator
automatically shuts down to prevent itself from becoming a noise generator.
000 IN0
001 IN1
010 IN2
011 IN3
100 IN4
101 IN5
110 IN6
111 IN7
33.3 Functional description
The CMP module can be used to compare two analog input voltages applied to INP and
INM.
CMPO is high when the non-inverting input is greater than the inverting input, and is low
when the non-inverting input is less than the inverting input. This signal can be
selectively inverted by setting CR1[INV] = 1.
SCR[IER] and SCR[IEF] are used to select the condition which will cause the CMP
module to assert an interrupt to the processor. SCR[CFF] is set on a falling-edge and
SCR[CFR] is set on rising-edge of the comparator output. The optionally filtered CMPO
can be read directly through SCR[COUT].
33.3.1 CMP functional modes
There are the following main sub-blocks to the CMP module:
• The comparator itself
• The window function
• The filter function
The filter, CR0[FILTER_CNT], can be clocked from an internal or external clock source.
The filter is programmable with respect to the number of samples that must agree before
a change in the output is registered. In the simplest case, only one sample must agree. In
this case, the filter acts as a simple sampler.
The external sample input is enabled using CR1[SE]. When set, the output of the
comparator is sampled only on rising edges of the sample input.
Functional description
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The "windowing mode" is enabled by setting CR1[WE]. When set, the comparator output
is sampled only when WINDOW=1. This feature can be used to ignore the comparator
output during time periods in which the input voltages are not valid. This is especially
useful when implementing zero-crossing-detection for certain PWM applications.
The comparator filter and sampling features can be combined as shown in the following
table. Individual modes are discussed below.
Table 33-1. Comparator sample/filter controls
Mode # CR1[EN] CR1[WE] CR1[SE] CR0[FILTER_C
NT] FPR[FILT_PER] Operation
1 0 X X X X Disabled
See the Disabled mode (# 1).
2A 1 0 0 0x00 X Continuous Mode
See the Continuous mode (#s 2A &
2B).
2B 1 0 0 X 0x00
3A 1 0 1 0x01 X Sampled, Non-Filtered mode
See the Sampled, Non-Filtered
mode (#s 3A & 3B).
3B 1 0 0 0x01 > 0x00
4A 1 0 1 > 0x01 X Sampled, Filtered mode
See the Sampled, Filtered mode (#s
4A & 4B).
4B 1 0 0 > 0x01 > 0x00
5A 1 1 0 0x00 X Windowed mode
Comparator output is sampled on
every rising bus clock edge when
SAMPLE=1 to generate COUTA.
See the Windowed mode (#s 5A &
5B).
5B 1 1 0 X 0x00
6 1 1 0 0x01 0x01–0xFF Windowed/Resampled mode
Comparator output is sampled on
every rising bus clock edge when
SAMPLE=1 to generate COUTA,
which is then resampled on an
interval determined by FILT_PER to
generate COUT.
See the Windowed/Resampled
mode (# 6).
7 1 1 0 > 0x01 0x01–0xFF Windowed/Filtered mode
Comparator output is sampled on
every rising bus clock edge when
SAMPLE=1 to generate COUTA,
which is then resampled and filtered
to generate COUT.
See the Windowed/Filtered mode
(#7).
All other combinations of CR1[EN], CR1[WE], CR1[SE], CR0[FILTER_CNT], and FPR[FILT_PER] are illegal.
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For cases where a comparator is used to drive a fault input, for example, for a motor-
control module such as FTM, it must be configured to operate in Continuous mode so
that an external fault can immediately pass through the comparator to the target fault
circuitry.
Note
Filtering and sampling settings must be changed only after
setting CR1[SE]=0 and CR0[FILTER_CNT]=0x00. This resets
the filter to a known state.
33.3.1.1 Disabled mode (# 1)
In Disabled mode, the analog comparator is non-functional and consumes no power.
CMPO is 0 in this mode.
33.3.1.2 Continuous mode (#s 2A & 2B)
IRQ
Internal bus
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA 1
WE
0
SE
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
0
+
-
FILT_PER
COS
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE 1 0
EN,PMODE,HYSTCTR[1:0]
divided
bus
clock
CMPO
bus clock
To other system functions
Polarity
select
Filter
block
Interrupt
control
Clock
prescaler
Window
control
Figure 33-3. Comparator operation in Continuous mode
Functional description
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NOTE
See the chip configuration section for the source of sample/
window input.
The analog comparator block is powered and active. CMPO may be optionally inverted,
but is not subject to external sampling or filtering. Both window control and filter blocks
are completely bypassed. SCR[COUT] is updated continuously. The path from
comparator input pins to output pin is operating in combinational unclocked mode.
COUT and COUTA are identical.
For control configurations which result in disabling the filter block, see the Filter Block
Bypass Logic diagram.
33.3.1.3 Sampled, Non-Filtered mode (#s 3A & 3B)
+
-
IRQ
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA 1
WE
0
SE=1
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
1
0
FILT_PER
COS
0x01
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE 1 0
EN,PMODE,HYSTCTR[1:0]
divided
bus
clock
CMPO
bus clock
Internal bus
Polarity
select
Window
control
Filter
block Interrupt
control
To other SOC functions
Clock
prescaler
Figure 33-4. Sampled, Non-Filtered (# 3A): sampling point externally driven
In Sampled, Non-Filtered mode, the analog comparator block is powered and active. The
path from analog inputs to COUTA is combinational unclocked. Windowing control is
completely bypassed. COUTA is sampled whenever a rising-edge is detected on the filter
block clock input.
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The only difference in operation between Sampled, Non-Filtered (# 3A) and Sampled,
Non-Filtered (# 3B) is in how the clock to the filter block is derived. In #3A, the clock to
filter block is externally derived while in #3B, the clock to filter block is internally
derived.
The comparator filter has no other function than sample/hold of the comparator output in
this mode (# 3B).
IRQ
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA 1
WE
0
SE=0
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
0
0
+
-
FILT_PER
COS
0x01
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE 1 0
EN,PMODE,HYSTCTR[1:0]
divided bus clock
CMPO
bus clock
Internal bus
Polarity
select
Window
control
Filter
block
Interrupt
control
To other SOC functions
Clock
prescaler
Figure 33-5. Sampled, Non-Filtered (# 3B): sampling interval internally derived
33.3.1.4 Sampled, Filtered mode (#s 4A & 4B)
In Sampled, Filtered mode, the analog comparator block is powered and active. The path
from analog inputs to COUTA is combinational unclocked. Windowing control is
completely bypassed. COUTA is sampled whenever a rising edge is detected on the filter
block clock input.
The only difference in operation between Sampled, Non-Filtered (# 3A) and Sampled,
Filtered (# 4A) is that, now, CR0[FILTER_CNT]>1, which activates filter operation.
Functional description
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+
-
IRQ
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA 1
WE
0
SE=1
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
1
0
FILT_PER
bus clock
COS
>
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE 1 0
EN, PMODE, HYSTCTR[1:0]
divided
bus
clock
CMPO
0x01
Internal bus
Polarity
select
Window
control
Filter
block
Interrupt
control
Clock
prescaler
To other SOC functions
Figure 33-6. Sampled, Filtered (# 4A): sampling point externally driven
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+
-
IRQ
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA
0
1
WE
1
0
SE=0
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
0
+
-
FILT_PER
bus clock
COS
>
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE
EN, PMODE, HYSTCTR[1:0]
divided
bus
clock
CMPO
0x01
Internal bus
Polarity
select
Window
control
Filter
block
Interrupt
control
Clock
prescaler
To other SOC functions
0
Figure 33-7. Sampled, Filtered (# 4B): sampling point internally derived
The only difference in operation between Sampled, Non-Filtered (# 3B) and Sampled,
Filtered (# 4B) is that now, CR0[FILTER_CNT]>1, which activates filter operation.
33.3.1.5 Windowed mode (#s 5A & 5B)
The following figure illustrates comparator operation in the Windowed mode, ignoring
latency of the analog comparator, polarity select, and window control block. It also
assumes that the polarity select is set to non-inverting state.
NOTE
The analog comparator output is passed to COUTA only when
the WINDOW signal is high.
In actual operation, COUTA may lag the analog inputs by up to one bus clock cycle plus
the combinational path delay through the comparator and polarity select logic.
Functional description
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COUTA
CMPO
Minus input
Plus input
WINDOW
Figure 33-8. Windowed mode operation
+
-
IRQ
EN, PMODE,HYSCTR[1:0]
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA
0
1
WE
1
0
SE=0
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
0
FILT_PER
bus clock
COS
0x01
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE
Polarity
select
Window
control
Filter
block
Interrupt
control
divided
bus
clock
Clock
prescaler
CMPO
Internal bus
To other SOC functions
Figure 33-9. Windowed mode
For control configurations which result in disabling the filter block, see Filter Block
Bypass Logic diagram.
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When any windowed mode is active, COUTA is clocked by the bus clock whenever
WINDOW = 1. The last latched value is held when WINDOW = 0.
33.3.1.6 Windowed/Resampled mode (# 6)
The following figure uses the same input stimulus shown in Figure 33-8, and adds
resampling of COUTA to generate COUT. Samples are taken at the time points indicated
by the arrows in the figure. Again, prop delays and latency are ignored for the sake of
clarity.
This example was generated solely to demonstrate operation of the comparator in
windowed/resampled mode, and does not reflect any specific application. Depending
upon the sampling rate and window placement, COUT may not see zero-crossing events
detected by the analog comparator. Sampling period and/or window placement must be
carefully considered for a given application.
WINDOW
COUT
CMPO
Minus input
Plus input
COUTA
Figure 33-10. Windowed/resampled mode operation
This mode of operation results in an unfiltered string of comparator samples where the
interval between the samples is determined by FPR[FILT_PER] and the bus clock rate.
Configuration for this mode is virtually identical to that for the Windowed/Filtered Mode
shown in the next section. The only difference is that the value of CR0[FILTER_CNT]
must be 1.
Functional description
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33.3.1.7 Windowed/Filtered mode (#7)
This is the most complex mode of operation for the comparator block, as it uses both
windowing and filtering features. It also has the highest latency of any of the modes. This
can be approximated: up to 1 bus clock synchronization in the window function +
((CR0[FILTER_CNT] * FPR[FILT_PER]) + 1) * bus clock for the filter function.
When any windowed mode is active, COUTA is clocked by the bus clock whenever
WINDOW = 1. The last latched value is held when WINDOW = 0.
+
-
IRQ
EN, PMODE,HYSCTR[1:0]
INP
INM
FILTER_CNT
INV
COUT
COUT
OPE
SE
CMPO to
PAD
COUTA
0
1
WE
1
0
SE=0
CGMUX
COS
FILT_PER
01
FILT_PER
bus clock
COS
>
IER/F CFR/F
WINDOW/SAMPLE
Polarity
select
Window
control Filter
block
Interrupt
control
divided
bus
clock
Clock
prescaler
CMPO
0x01
To other SOC functions
Internal bus
Figure 33-11. Windowed/Filtered mode
33.3.2 Power modes
33.3.2.1 Wait mode operation
During Wait and VLPW modes, the CMP, if enabled, continues to operate normally and
a CMP interrupt can wake the MCU.
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33.3.2.2 Stop mode operation
Depending on clock restrictions related to the MCU core or core peripherals, the MCU is
brought out of stop when a compare event occurs and the corresponding interrupt is
enabled. Similarly, if CR1[OPE] is enabled, the comparator output operates as in the
normal operating mode and comparator output is placed onto the external pin. In Stop
modes, the comparator can be operational in both:
• High-Speed (HS) Comparison mode when CR1[PMODE] = 1
• Low-Speed (LS) Comparison mode when CR1[PMODE] = 0
It is recommended to use the LS mode to minimize power consumption.
If stop is exited with a reset, all comparator registers are put into their reset state.
33.3.2.3 Low-Leakage mode operation
When the chip is in Low-Leakage modes:
• The CMP module is partially functional and is limited to Low-Speed mode,
regardless of CR1[PMODE] setting
• Windowed, Sampled, and Filtered modes are not supported
• The CMP output pin is latched and does not reflect the compare output state.
The positive- and negative-input voltage can be supplied from external pins or the DAC
output. The MCU can be brought out of the Low-Leakage mode if a compare event
occurs and the CMP interrupt is enabled. After wakeup from low-leakage modes, the
CMP module is in the reset state except for SCR[CFF] and SCR[CFR].
33.3.3 Startup and operation
A typical startup sequence is listed here.
• The time required to stabilize COUT will be the power-on delay of the comparators
plus the largest propagation delay from a selected analog source through the analog
comparator, windowing function and filter. See the Data Sheets for power-on delays
of the comparators. The windowing function has a maximum of one bus clock period
delay. The filter delay is specified in the Low-pass filter.
• During operation, the propagation delay of the selected data paths must always be
considered. It may take many bus clock cycles for COUT and SCR[CFR]/SCR[CFF]
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to reflect an input change or a configuration change to one of the components
involved in the data path.
• When programmed for filtering modes, COUT will initially be equal to 0, until
sufficient clock cycles have elapsed to fill all stages of the filter. This occurs even if
COUTA is at a logic 1.
33.3.4 Low-pass filter
The low-pass filter operates on the unfiltered and unsynchronized and optionally inverted
comparator output COUTA and generates the filtered and synchronized output COUT.
Both COUTA and COUT can be configured as module outputs and are used for different
purposes within the system.
Synchronization and edge detection are always used to determine status register bit
values. They also apply to COUT for all sampling and windowed modes. Filtering can be
performed using an internal timebase defined by FPR[FILT_PER], or using an external
SAMPLE input to determine sample time.
The need for digital filtering and the amount of filtering is dependent on user
requirements. Filtering can become more useful in the absence of an external hysteresis
circuit. Without external hysteresis, high-frequency oscillations can be generated at
COUTA when the selected INM and INP input voltages differ by less than the offset
voltage of the differential comparator.
33.3.4.1 Enabling filter modes
Filter modes can be enabled by:
• Setting CR0[FILTER_CNT] > 0x01 and
• Setting FPR[FILT_PER] to a nonzero value or setting CR1[SE]=1
If using the divided bus clock to drive the filter, it will take samples of COUTA every
FPR[FILT_PER] bus clock cycles.
The filter output will be at logic 0 when first initalized, and will subsequently change
when all the consecutive CR0[FILTER_CNT] samples agree that the output value has
changed. In other words, SCR[COUT] will be 0 for some initial period, even when
COUTA is at logic 1.
Setting both CR1[SE] and FPR[FILT_PER] to 0 disables the filter and eliminates
switching current associated with the filtering process.
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Note
Always switch to this setting prior to making any changes in
filter parameters. This resets the filter to a known state.
Switching CR0[FILTER_CNT] on the fly without this
intermediate step can result in unexpected behavior.
If CR1[SE]=1, the filter takes samples of COUTA on each positive transition of the
sample input. The output state of the filter changes when all the consecutive
CR0[FILTER_CNT] samples agree that the output value has changed.
33.3.4.2 Latency issues
The value of FPR[FILT_PER] or SAMPLE period must be set such that the sampling
period is just longer than the period of the expected noise. This way a noise spike will
corrupt only one sample. The value of CR0[FILTER_CNT] must be chosen to reduce the
probability of noisy samples causing an incorrect transition to be recognized. The
probability of an incorrect transition is defined as the probability of an incorrect sample
raised to the power of CR0[FILTER_CNT].
The values of FPR[FILT_PER] or SAMPLE period and CR0[FILTER_CNT] must also
be traded off against the desire for minimal latency in recognizing actual comparator
output transitions. The probability of detecting an actual output change within the
nominal latency is the probability of a correct sample raised to the power of
CR0[FILTER_CNT].
The following table summarizes maximum latency values for the various modes of
operation in the absence of noise. Filtering latency is restarted each time an actual output
transition is masked by noise.
Table 33-2. Comparator sample/filter maximum latencies
Mode # CR1[
EN]
CR1[
WE]
CR1[
SE]
CR0[FILTER
_CNT]
FPR[FILT_P
ER] Operation Maximum latency1
1 0 X X X X Disabled N/A
2A 1 0 0 0x00 X Continuous Mode TPD
2B 1 0 0 X 0x00
3A 1 0 1 0x01 X Sampled, Non-Filtered mode TPD + TSAMPLE + Tper
3B 1 0 0 0x01 > 0x00 TPD + (FPR[FILT_PER] *
Tper) + Tper
4A 1 0 1 > 0x01 X Sampled, Filtered mode TPD + (CR0[FILTER_CNT] *
TSAMPLE) + Tper
4B 1 0 0 > 0x01 > 0x00 TPD + (CR0[FILTER_CNT] *
FPR[FILT_PER] x Tper) + Tper
Table continues on the next page...
Functional description
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Table 33-2. Comparator sample/filter maximum latencies (continued)
Mode # CR1[
EN]
CR1[
WE]
CR1[
SE]
CR0[FILTER
_CNT]
FPR[FILT_P
ER] Operation Maximum latency1
5A 1 1 0 0x00 X Windowed mode TPD + Tper
5B 1 1 0 X 0x00 TPD + Tper
6 1 1 0 0x01 0x01 - 0xFF Windowed / Resampled
mode
TPD + (FPR[FILT_PER] *
Tper) + 2Tper
7 1 1 0 > 0x01 0x01 - 0xFF Windowed / Filtered mode TPD + (CR0[FILTER_CNT] *
FPR[FILT_PER] x Tper) +
2Tper
1. TPD represents the intrinsic delay of the analog component plus the polarity select logic. TSAMPLE is the clock period of the
external sample clock. Tper is the period of the bus clock.
33.4 CMP interrupts
The CMP module is capable of generating an interrupt on either the rising- or falling-
edge of the comparator output, or both.
The following table gives the conditions in which the interrupt request is asserted and
deasserted.
When Then
SCR[IER] and SCR[CFR] are set The interrupt request is asserted
SCR[IEF] and SCR[CFF] are set The interrupt request is asserted
SCR[IER] and SCR[CFR] are cleared for a rising-edge
interrupt
The interrupt request is deasserted
SCR[IEF] and SCR[CFF] are cleared for a falling-edge
interrupt
The interrupt request is deasserted
33.5 DMA support
Normally, the CMP generates a CPU interrupt if there is a change on the COUT. When
DMA support is enabled by setting SCR[DMAEN] and the interrupt is enabled by setting
SCR[IER], SCR[IEF], or both, the corresponding change on COUT forces a DMA
transfer request rather than a CPU interrupt instead. When the DMA has completed the
transfer, it sends a transfer completing indicator that deasserts the DMA transfer request
and clears the flag to allow a subsequent change on comparator output to occur and force
another DMA request.
The comparator can remain functional in STOP modes.
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When DMA support is enabled by setting SCR[DMAEN] and the interrupt is enabled by
setting SCR[IER], SCR[IEF], or both, the corresponding change on COUT forces a DMA
transfer request to wake up the system from STOP modes. After the data transfer has
finished, system will go back to STOP modes. Refer to DMA chapters in the device
reference manual for the asynchronous DMA function for details.
33.6 CMP Asynchronous DMA support
The comparator can remain functional in STOP modes.
When DMA support is enabled by setting SCR[DMAEN] and the interrupt is enabled by
setting SCR[IER], SCR[IEF], or both, the corresponding change on COUT forces a DMA
transfer request to wake up the system from STOP modes. After the data transfer has
finished, system will go back to STOP modes. Refer to DMA chapters in the device
reference manual for the asynchronous DMA function for details.
CMP Asynchronous DMA support
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33.7 Digital-to-analog converter
The figure found here shows the block diagram of the DAC module.
It contains a 64-tap resistor ladder network and a 64-to-1 multiplexer, which selects an
output voltage from one of 64 distinct levels that outputs from DACO. It is controlled
through the DAC Control Register (DACCR). Its supply reference source can be selected
from two sources Vin1 and Vin2. The module can be powered down or disabled when not
in use. When in Disabled mode, DACO is connected to the analog ground.
VOSEL[5:0]
DACO
MUX
MUX
DACEN
Vin
VRSEL
Vin1 Vin2
Figure 33-12. 6-bit DAC block diagram
33.8 DAC functional description
This section provides DAC functional description information.
33.8.1 Voltage reference source select
• Vin1 connects to the primary voltage source as supply reference of 64 tap resistor
ladder
• Vin2 connects to an alternate voltage source
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33.9 DAC resets
This module has a single reset input, corresponding to the chip-wide peripheral reset.
33.10 DAC clocks
This module has a single clock input, the bus clock.
33.11 DAC interrupts
This module has no interrupts.
DAC resets
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Chapter 34
12-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
34.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is a low-power, general-purpose DAC. The
output of the DAC can be placed on an external pin or set as one of the inputs to the
analog comparator, op-amps, or ADC.
34.2 Features
The features of the DAC module include:
• On-chip programmable reference generator output. The voltage output range is from
1⁄4096 Vin to Vin, and the step is 1⁄4096 Vin, where Vin is the input voltage.
• Vin can be selected from two reference sources
• Static operation in Normal Stop mode
• 16-word data buffer supported with configurable watermark and multiple operation
modes
• DMA support
34.3 Block diagram
The block diagram of the DAC module is as follows:
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-
+
MUX
4096-level
DACEN
DACDAT[11:0]
MUX
DACREF_2
DACRFS
V
Vout
VDD
AMP buffer
12
DACBFMD
DACSWTRG
DACBFEN
DACBFUP
DACBFWM
DACBFRP
Hardware trigger DACBFWMF
DACBWIEN
DACBFRPTF
DACBTIEN
DACBFRPBF
DACBBIEN
OR
dac_interrupt
DACTRGSE
LPEN
DACRFS
DACREF_1
Vin
Vo
&
&
&
Data
Buffer
Figure 34-1. DAC block diagram
34.4 Memory map/register definition
The DAC has registers to control analog comparator and programmable voltage divider
to perform the digital-to-analog functions.
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DAC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_F000 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT0L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F001 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT0H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F002 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT1L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F003 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT1H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F004 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT2L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F005 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT2H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F006 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT3L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F007 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT3H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F008 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT4L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F009 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT4H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F00A DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT5L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F00B DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT5H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F00C DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT6L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F00D DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT6H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F00E DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT7L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F00F DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT7H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F010 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT8L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F011 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT8H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F012 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT9L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F013 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT9H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F014 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT10L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F015 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT10H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F016 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT11L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F017 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT11H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F018 DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT12L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F019 DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT12H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F01A DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT13L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F01B DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT13H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F01C DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT14L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F01D DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT14H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F01E DAC Data Low Register (DAC0_DAT15L) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.1/742
4003_F01F DAC Data High Register (DAC0_DAT15H) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.2/742
4003_F020 DAC Status Register (DAC0_SR) 8 R/W 02h 34.4.3/743
4003_F021 DAC Control Register (DAC0_C0) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.4/744
4003_F022 DAC Control Register 1 (DAC0_C1) 8 R/W 00h 34.4.5/745
4003_F023 DAC Control Register 2 (DAC0_C2) 8 R/W 0Fh 34.4.6/746
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34.4.1 DAC Data Low Register (DACx_DATnL)
Address: 4003_F000h base + 0h offset + (2d × i), where i=0d to 15d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DATA0
Write
Reset 00000000
DACx_DATnL field descriptions
Field Description
DATA0 DATA0
When the DAC buffer is not enabled, DATA[11:0] controls the output voltage based on the following
formula: V out = V in * (1 + DACDAT0[11:0])/4096
When the DAC buffer is enabled, DATA is mapped to the 16-word buffer.
34.4.2 DAC Data High Register (DACx_DATnH)
Address: 4003_F000h base + 1h offset + (2d × i), where i=0d to 15d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 DATA1
Write
Reset 00000000
DACx_DATnH field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
DATA1 DATA1
When the DAC Buffer is not enabled, DATA[11:0] controls the output voltage based on the following
formula. V out = V in * (1 + DACDAT0[11:0])/4096
When the DAC buffer is enabled, DATA[11:0] is mapped to the 16-word buffer.
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34.4.3 DAC Status Register (DACx_SR)
If DMA is enabled, the flags can be cleared automatically by DMA when the DMA
request is done. Writing 0 to a field clears it whereas writing 1 has no effect. After reset,
DACBFRPTF is set and can be cleared by software, if needed. The flags are set only
when the data buffer status is changed.
Address: 4003_F000h base + 20h offset = 4003_F020h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 DACBFWM
F
DACBFRPT
F
DACBFRPB
F
Write
Reset 00000010
DACx_SR field descriptions
Field Description
7–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
DACBFWMF
DAC Buffer Watermark Flag
This bit is set if the remaining FIFO data is less than the watermark setting. It is cleared automatically by
writing data into FIFO by DMA or CPU. Write to this bit is ignored in FIFO mode.
0 The DAC buffer read pointer has not reached the watermark level.
1 The DAC buffer read pointer has reached the watermark level.
1
DACBFRPTF
DAC Buffer Read Pointer Top Position Flag
In FIFO mode, it is FIFO nearly empty flag. It is set when only one data remains in FIFO. Any DAC trigger
does not increase the Read Pointer if this bit is set to avoid any possible glitch or abrupt change at DAC
output. It is cleared automatically if FIFO is not empty.
0 The DAC buffer read pointer is not zero.
1 The DAC buffer read pointer is zero.
0
DACBFRPBF
DAC Buffer Read Pointer Bottom Position Flag
In FIFO mode, it is FIFO FULL status bit. It means FIFO read pointer equals Write Pointer because of
Write Pointer increase. If this bit is set, any write to FIFO from either DMA or CPU is ignored by DAC. It is
cleared if there is any DAC trigger making the DAC read pointer increase. Write to this bit is ignored in
FIFO mode.
0 The DAC buffer read pointer is not equal to C2[DACBFUP].
1 The DAC buffer read pointer is equal to C2[DACBFUP].
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34.4.4 DAC Control Register (DACx_C0)
Address: 4003_F000h base + 21h offset = 4003_F021h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DACEN DACRFS DACTRGSE
L
0LPEN DACBWIEN DACBTIEN DACBBIEN
Write DACSWTRG
Reset 00000000
DACx_C0 field descriptions
Field Description
7
DACEN
DAC Enable
Starts the Programmable Reference Generator operation.
0 The DAC system is disabled.
1 The DAC system is enabled.
6
DACRFS
DAC Reference Select
0 The DAC selects DACREF_1 as the reference voltage.
1 The DAC selects DACREF_2 as the reference voltage.
5
DACTRGSEL
DAC Trigger Select
0 The DAC hardware trigger is selected.
1 The DAC software trigger is selected.
4
DACSWTRG
DAC Software Trigger
Active high. This is a write-only field, which always reads 0. If DAC software trigger is selected and buffer
is enabled, writing 1 to this field will advance the buffer read pointer once.
0 The DAC soft trigger is not valid.
1 The DAC soft trigger is valid.
3
LPEN
DAC Low Power Control
NOTE: See the 12-bit DAC electrical characteristics of the device data sheet for details on the impact of
the modes below.
0 High-Power mode
1 Low-Power mode
2
DACBWIEN
DAC Buffer Watermark Interrupt Enable
0 The DAC buffer watermark interrupt is disabled.
1 The DAC buffer watermark interrupt is enabled.
1
DACBTIEN
DAC Buffer Read Pointer Top Flag Interrupt Enable
0 The DAC buffer read pointer top flag interrupt is disabled.
1 The DAC buffer read pointer top flag interrupt is enabled.
0
DACBBIEN
DAC Buffer Read Pointer Bottom Flag Interrupt Enable
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map/register definition
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DACx_C0 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The DAC buffer read pointer bottom flag interrupt is disabled.
1 The DAC buffer read pointer bottom flag interrupt is enabled.
34.4.5 DAC Control Register 1 (DACx_C1)
Address: 4003_F000h base + 22h offset = 4003_F022h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DMAEN 0DACBFWM DACBFMD DACBFEN
Write
Reset 00000000
DACx_C1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
DMAEN
DMA Enable Select
0 DMA is disabled.
1 DMA is enabled. When DMA is enabled, the DMA request will be generated by original interrupts. The
interrupts will not be presented on this module at the same time.
6–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4–3
DACBFWM
DAC Buffer Watermark Select
In normal mode it controls when SR[DACBFWMF] is set. When the DAC buffer read pointer reaches the
word defined by this field, which is 1–4 words away from the upper limit (DACBUP), SR[DACBFWMF] will
be set. This allows user configuration of the watermark interrupt. In FIFO mode, it is FIFO watermark
select field.
00 In normal mode, 1 word . In FIFO mode, 2 or less than 2 data remaining in FIFO will set watermark
status bit.
01 In normal mode, 2 words . In FIFO mode, Max/4 or less than Max/4 data remaining in FIFO will set
watermark status bit.
10 In normal mode, 3 words . In FIFO mode, Max/2 or less than Max/2 data remaining in FIFO will set
watermark status bit.
11 In normal mode, 4 words . In FIFO mode, Max-2 or less than Max-2 data remaining in FIFO will set
watermark status bit.
2–1
DACBFMD
DAC Buffer Work Mode Select
00 Normal mode
01 Swing mode
10 One-Time Scan mode
11 FIFO mode
0
DACBFEN
DAC Buffer Enable
0 Buffer read pointer is disabled. The converted data is always the first word of the buffer.
1 Buffer read pointer is enabled. The converted data is the word that the read pointer points to. It means
converted data can be from any word of the buffer.
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34.4.6 DAC Control Register 2 (DACx_C2)
Address: 4003_F000h base + 23h offset = 4003_F023h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DACBFRP DACBFUP
Write
Reset 00001111
DACx_C2 field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
DACBFRP
DAC Buffer Read Pointer
In normal mode it keeps the current value of the buffer read pointer. FIFO mode, it is the FIFO read
pointer. It is writable in FIFO mode. User can configure it to same address to reset FIFO as empty.
DACBFUP DAC Buffer Upper Limit
In normal mode it selects the upper limit of the DAC buffer. The buffer read pointer cannot exceed it. In
FIFO mode it is the FIFO write pointer. User cannot set Buffer Up limit in FIFO mode. In Normal mode its
reset value is MAX. When IP is configured to FIFO mode, this register becomes Write_Pointer, and its
value is initially set to equal READ_POINTER automatically, and the FIFO status is empty. It is writable
and user can configure it to the same address to reset FIFO as empty.
34.5 Functional description
The 12-bit DAC module can select one of the two reference inputs—DACREF_1 and
DACREF_2 as the DAC reference voltage, Vin by C0 [DACRFS]. See the chip-specific
DAC information to determine the source options for DACREF_1 and DACREF_2.
When the DAC is enabled, it converts the data in DACDAT0[11:0] or the data from the
DAC data buffer to a stepped analog output voltage. The output voltage range is from Vin
to Vin∕4096, and the step is Vin∕4096.
34.5.1 DAC data buffer operation
When the DAC is enabled and the buffer is not enabled, the DAC module always
converts the data in DAT0 to the analog output voltage.
When both the DAC and the buffer are enabled, the DAC converts the data in the data
buffer to analog output voltage. The data buffer read pointer advances to the next word
whenever a hardware or software trigger event occurs.
Functional description
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The data buffer can be configured to operate in Normal mode, Swing mode, One-Time
Scan mode or FIFO mode. When the buffer operation is switched from one mode to
another, the read pointer does not change. The read pointer can be set to any value
between 0 and C2[DACBFUP] by writing C2[DACBFRP].
34.5.1.1 DAC data buffer interrupts
There are several interrupts and associated flags that can be configured for the DAC
buffer. SR[DACBFRPBF] is set when the DAC buffer read pointer reaches the DAC
buffer upper limit, that is, C2[DACBFRP] = C2[DACBFUP]. SR[DACBFRPTF] is set
when the DAC read pointer is equal to the start position, 0. Finally, SR[DACBFWMF] is
set when the DAC buffer read pointer has reached the position defined by
C1[DACBFWM]. C1[DACBFWM] can be used to generate an interrupt when the DAC
buffer read pointer is between 1 to 4 words from C2[DACBFUP].
34.5.1.2 Modes of DAC data buffer operation
The following table describes the different modes of data buffer operation for the DAC
module.
Table 34-1. Modes of DAC data buffer operation
Modes Description
Buffer Normal mode
This is the default mode. The buffer works as a circular buffer.
The read pointer increases by one, every time the trigger
occurs. When the read pointer reaches the upper limit, it goes
to 0 directly in the next trigger event.
Buffer Swing mode
This mode is similar to the normal mode. However, when the
read pointer reaches the upper limit, it does not go to 0. It will
descend by 1 in the next trigger events until 0 is reached.
Buffer One-time Scan mode
The read pointer increases by 1 every time the trigger occurs.
When it reaches the upper limit, it stops there. If read pointer
is reset to the address other than the upper limit, it will
increase to the upper address and stop there again.
NOTE: If the software set the read pointer to the upper limit,
the read pointer will not advance in this mode.
FIFO Mode
In FIFO mode, the buffer is organized as a FIFO. For a valid
write to any DACDATx, the data is put into the FIFO, and the
write pointer is automatically incremented. The module is
connected internally to a 32bit interface. For any 16bit or 8bit
FIFO access, address bit[1] needs to be 0; otherwise, the
write is ignored. For any 32bit FIFO access, the Write_Pointer
needs to be an EVEN number; otherwise, the write is ignored.
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Table 34-1. Modes of DAC data buffer operation
Modes Description
NOTE: A successful 32bit FIFO write will increase the write
pointer by 2. Any write will cause the FIFO over-flow
will be ignored, the cases includes: 1.FIFO is full, the
write will be ignored. 2.FIFO is nearly full
(FIFO_SIZE-1), 32bit write will be ignored.
NOTE: For 8bit write, address bit[0] determine which byte
lane will be written to the FIFO according to little
endian alignment. Only both byte lanes are written
will the write pointer increase. User need to make
sure 8bit access happened in pair and both upper &
lower bytes are written. There is no requirement on
which byte write first. In FIFO mode, there is no
change to read access of DACDATx (from normal
mode), read to DACDATx will return the DATA
addressed by the access address to the data buffer,
and both write pointer and read pointer in FIFO mode
will NOT be changed by read access. FIFO write can
be happened when DAC is not enabled for 1st data
conversion enable. But FIFO mode need to work at
buffer Enabled at DACC1[DACBFEN].
In FIFO mode, the DATA BUF will be organized as FIFO.
34.5.2 DMA operation
When DMA is enabled, DMA requests are generated instead of interrupt requests. The
DMA Done signal clears the DMA request.
The status register flags are still set and are cleared automatically when the DMA
completes.
34.5.3 Resets
During reset, the DAC is configured in the default mode and is disabled.
34.5.4 Low-Power mode operation
The following table shows the wait mode and the stop mode operation of the DAC
module.
Functional description
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Table 34-2. Modes of operation
Modes of operation Description
Wait mode The DAC will operate normally, if enabled.
Stop mode
If enabled, the DAC module continues to operate
in Normal Stop mode and the output voltage will
hold the value before stop.
In low-power stop modes, the DAC is fully
shut down.
NOTE
The assignment of module modes to core modes is chip-
specific. For module-to-core mode assignments, see the chapter
that describes how modules are configured.
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Functional description
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Chapter 35
Voltage Reference (VREFV1)
35.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The Voltage Reference (VREF) is intended to supply an accurate voltage output that can
be trimmed in 0.5 mV steps. The VREF can be used in applications to provide a reference
voltage to external devices or used internally as a reference to analog peripherals such as
the ADC, DAC, or CMP. The voltage reference has three operating modes that provide
different levels of supply rejection and power consumption.
The following figure is a block diagram of the Voltage Reference.
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6 BITS
TRM
SC[VREFEN]
2 BITS
SC[MODE_LV]
REGULATION
BUFFER
BANDGAP
100 nF
VREF_OUT
OUTPUT PIN
SC[VREFST]
1.75 V Regulator
1.75 V
VDDA
Figure 35-1. Voltage reference block diagram
35.1.1 Overview
The Voltage Reference provides a buffered reference voltage for use as an external
reference. In addition, the buffered reference is available internally for use with on chip
peripherals such as ADCs and DACs. Refer to the chip configuration details for a
description of these options. The reference voltage signal is output on a dedicated output
pin when the VREF is enabled. The Voltage Reference output can be trimmed with a
resolution of 0.5mV by means of the TRM register TRIM[5:0] bitfield.
35.1.2 Features
The Voltage Reference has the following features:
• Programmable trim register with 0.5 mV steps, automatically loaded with factory
trimmed value upon reset
• Programmable buffer mode selection:
• Off
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• Bandgap enabled/standby (output buffer disabled)
• Low power buffer mode (output buffer enabled)
• High power buffer mode (output buffer enabled)
• 1.2 V output at room temperature
• Dedicated output pin, VREF_OUT
35.1.3 Modes of Operation
The Voltage Reference continues normal operation in Run, Wait, and Stop modes. The
Voltage Reference can also run in Very Low Power Run (VLPR), Very Low Power Wait
(VLPW) and Very Low Power Stop (VLPS). If it is desired to use the VREF regulator
and/or the chop oscillator in the very low power modes, the system reference voltage
(also referred to as the bandgap voltage reference) must be enabled in these modes. Refer
to the chip configuration details for information on enabling this mode of operation.
Having the VREF regulator enabled does increase current consumption. In very low
power modes it may be desirable to disable the VREF regulator to minimize current
consumption. Note however that the accuracy of the output voltage will be reduced (by as
much as several mVs) when the VREF regulator is not used.
NOTE
The assignment of module modes to core modes is chip-
specific. For module-to-core mode assignments, see the chapter
that describes how modules are configured.
35.1.4 VREF Signal Descriptions
The following table shows the Voltage Reference signals properties.
Table 35-1. VREF Signal Descriptions
Signal Description I/O
VREF_OUT Internally-generated Voltage Reference output O
NOTE
When the VREF output buffer is disabled, the status of the
VREF_OUT signal is high-impedence.
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Memory Map and Register Definition
VREF memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_4000 VREF Trim Register (VREF_TRM) 8 R/W See section 35.2.1/754
4007_4001 VREF Status and Control Register (VREF_SC) 8 R/W 00h 35.2.2/755
35.2.1 VREF Trim Register (VREF_TRM)
This register contains bits that contain the trim data for the Voltage Reference.
Address: 4007_4000h base + 0h offset = 4007_4000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved CHOPEN TRIM
Write
Reset x* 0 x* x* x* x* x* x*
* Notes:
x = Undefined at reset.•
VREF_TRM field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Upon reset this value is loaded with a factory trim value.
6
CHOPEN
Chop oscillator enable. When set, internal chopping operation is enabled and the internal analog offset will
be minimized.
This bit is set during factory trimming of the VREF voltage. This bit should be written to 1 to achieve the
performance stated in the data sheet.
If the internal voltage regulator is being used (REGEN bit is set to 1), the chop oscillator must also be
enabled.
If the chop oscillator is to be used in very low power modes, the system (bandgap) voltage reference must
also be enabled. See the chip-specific VREF information (also known as "chip configuration" details) for a
description of how this can be achieved.
0 Chop oscillator is disabled.
1 Chop oscillator is enabled.
TRIM Trim bits
These bits change the resulting VREF by approximately ± 0.5 mV for each step.
NOTE: Min = minimum and max = maximum voltage reference output. For minimum and maximum
voltage reference output values, refer to the Data Sheet for this chip.
Table continues on the next page...
35.2
Memory Map and Register Definition
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VREF_TRM field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
000000 Min
.... ....
111111 Max
35.2.2 VREF Status and Control Register (VREF_SC)
This register contains the control bits used to enable the internal voltage reference and to
select the buffer mode to be used.
Address: 4007_4000h base + 1h offset = 4007_4001h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read VREFEN REGEN ICOMPEN 0 0 VREFST MODE_LV
Write
Reset 00000000
VREF_SC field descriptions
Field Description
7
VREFEN
Internal Voltage Reference enable
This bit is used to enable the bandgap reference within the Voltage Reference module.
NOTE: After the VREF is enabled, turning off the clock to the VREF module via the corresponding clock
gate register will not disable the VREF. VREF must be disabled via this VREFEN bit.
0 The module is disabled.
1 The module is enabled.
6
REGEN
Regulator enable
This bit is used to enable the internal 1.75 V regulator to produce a constant internal voltage supply in
order to reduce the sensitivity to external supply noise and variation. If it is desired to keep the regulator
enabled in very low power modes, refer to the Chip Configuration details for a description on how this can
be achieved.
This bit should be written to 1 to achieve the performance stated in the data sheet.
NOTE: See section "Internal voltage regulator" for details on the required sequence to enable the internal
regulator.
0 Internal 1.75 V regulator is disabled.
1 Internal 1.75 V regulator is enabled.
5
ICOMPEN
Second order curvature compensation enable
This bit should be written to 1 to achieve the performance stated in the data sheet.
Table continues on the next page...
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VREF_SC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
VREFST
Internal Voltage Reference stable
This bit indicates that the bandgap reference within the Voltage Reference module has completed its
startup and stabilization.
NOTE: This bit is valid only when the chop oscillator is not being used.
0 The module is disabled or not stable.
1 The module is stable.
MODE_LV Buffer Mode selection
These bits select the buffer modes for the Voltage Reference module.
00 Bandgap on only, for stabilization and startup
01 High power buffer mode enabled
10 Low-power buffer mode enabled
11 Reserved
35.3 Functional Description
The Voltage Reference is a bandgap buffer system. Unity gain amplifiers are used.
The VREF_OUT signal can be used by both internal and external peripherals in low and
high power buffer mode. A 100 nF capacitor must always be connected between
VREF_OUT and VSSA if the VREF is being used.
The following table shows all possible function configurations of the Voltage Reference.
Table 35-2. Voltage Reference function configurations
SC[VREFEN] SC[MODE_LV] Configuration Functionality
0 X Voltage Reference disabled Off
1 00 Voltage Reference enabled,
bandgap on only
Startup and standby
1 01 Voltage Reference enabled,
high-power buffer on
VREF_OUT available for
internal and external use. 100
nF capacitor is required.
1 10 Voltage Reference enabled,
low power buffer on
VREF_OUT available for
internal and external use. 100
nF capacitor is required.
1 11 Reserved Reserved
Functional Description
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35.3.1 Voltage Reference Disabled, SC[VREFEN] = 0
When SC[VREFEN] = 0, the Voltage Reference is disabled, the VREF bandgap and the
output buffers are disabled. The Voltage Reference is in off mode.
35.3.2 Voltage Reference Enabled, SC[VREFEN] = 1
When SC[VREFEN] = 1, the Voltage Reference is enabled, and different modes should
be set by the SC[MODE_LV] bits.
35.3.2.1 SC[MODE_LV]=00
The internal VREF bandgap is enabled to generate an accurate 1.2 V output that can be
trimmed with the TRM register's TRIM[5:0] bitfield. The bandgap requires some time for
startup and stabilization. SC[VREFST] can be monitored to determine if the stabilization
and startup is complete when the chop oscillator is not enabled.
If the chop oscillator is being used, the internal bandgap reference voltage settles within
the chop oscillator start up time, Tchop_osc_stup.
The output buffer is disabled in this mode, and there is no buffered voltage output. The
Voltage Reference is in standby mode. If this mode is first selected and the low power or
high power buffer mode is subsequently enabled, there will be a delay before the buffer
output is settled at the final value. This is the buffer start up delay (Tstup) and the value is
specified in the appropriate device data sheet.
35.3.2.2 SC[MODE_LV] = 01
The internal VREF bandgap is on. The high power buffer is enabled to generate a
buffered 1.2 V voltage to VREF_OUT. It can also be used as a reference to internal
analog peripherals such as an ADC channel or analog comparator input.
If this mode is entered from the standby mode (SC[MODE_LV] = 00, SC[VREFEN] = 1)
there will be a delay before the buffer output is settled at the final value. This is the buffer
start up delay (Tstup) and the value is specified in the appropriate device data sheet. If
this mode is entered when the VREF module is enabled then you must wait the longer of
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Tstup or until SC[VREFST] = 1 when the chop oscillator is not enabled. If the chop
oscillator is being used, you must wait the time specified by Tchop_osc_stup (chop
oscillator start up time) to ensure the VREF output has stabilized.
In this mode, a 100 nF capacitor is required to connect between the VREF_OUT pin and
VSSA.
35.3.2.3 SC[MODE_LV] = 10
The internal VREF bandgap is on. The low power buffer is enabled to generate a buffered
1.2 V voltage to VREF_OUT. It can also be used as a reference to internal analog
peripherals such as an ADC channel or analog comparator input.
If this mode is entered from the standby mode (SC[MODE_LV] = 00, SC[VREFEN] = 1)
there will be a delay before the buffer output is settled at the final value. This is the buffer
start up delay (Tstup) and the value is specified in the appropriate device data sheet. If
this mode is entered when the VREF module is enabled then you must wait the longer of
Tstup or until SC[VREFST] = 1 when the chop oscillator is not enabled. If the chop
oscillator is being used, you must wait the time specified by Tchop_osc_stup (chop
oscillator start up time) to ensure the VREF output has stabilized.
In this mode, a 100 nF capacitor is required to connect between the VREF_OUT pin and
VSSA.
35.3.2.4 SC[MODE_LV] = 11
Reserved
35.3.3 Internal voltage regulator
The VREF module contains an internal voltage regulator that can be enabled to provide
additional supply noise rejection. It is recommended that when possible, this regulator be
enabled to provide the optimum VREF performance.
If the internal voltage regulator is being used, the chop oscillator must also be enabled. A
specific sequence must be followed when enabling the internal regulator as follows:
1. Enable the chop oscillator (VREF_TRM[CHOPEN] = 1)
2. Configure the VREF_SC register to the desired settings with the internal regulator
disabled, VREF_SC[REGEN] = 0
3. Wait > 300ns
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4. Enable the internal regulator by setting VREF_SC[REGEN] to 1
35.4 Initialization/Application Information
The Voltage Reference requires some time for startup and stabilization. After
SC[VREFEN] = 1, SC[VREFST] can be monitored to determine if the stabilization and
startup is completed when the chop oscillator is not enabled. When the chop oscillator is
enabled, the settling time of the internal bandgap reference is defined by Tchop_osc_stup
(chop oscillator start up time). You must wait this time (Tchop_osc_stup) after the
internal bandgap has been enabled to ensure the VREF internal reference voltage has
stabilized.
When the Voltage Reference is already enabled and stabilized, changing SC[MODE_LV]
will not clear SC[VREFST] but there will be some startup time before the output voltage
at the VREF_OUT pin has settled. This is the buffer start up delay (Tstup) and the value
is specified in the appropriate device data sheet. Also, there will be some settling time
when a step change of the load current is applied to the VREF_OUT pin. When the 1.75V
VREF regulator is disabled, the VREF_OUT voltage will be more sensitive to supply
voltage variation. It is recommended to use this regulator to achieve optimum
VREF_OUT performance.
The TRM[CHOPEN], SC[REGEN] and SC[ICOMPEN] bits must be written to 1 to
achieve the performance stated in the device data sheet.
NOTE
See section "Internal voltage regulator" for details on the
required sequence to enable the internal regulator.
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Chapter 36
Programmable Delay Block (PDB)
36.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The Programmable Delay Block (PDB) provides controllable delays from either an
internal or an external trigger, or a programmable interval tick, to the hardware trigger
inputs of ADCs and/or generates the interval triggers to DACs, so that the precise timing
between ADC conversions and/or DAC updates can be achieved. The PDB can
optionally provide pulse outputs (Pulse-Out's) that are used as the sample window in the
CMP block.
36.1.1 Features
• Up to 15 trigger input sources and one software trigger source
• Up to 8 configurable PDB channels for ADC hardware trigger
• One PDB channel is associated with one ADC
• One trigger output for ADC hardware trigger and up to 8 pre-trigger outputs for
ADC trigger select per PDB channel
• Trigger outputs can be enabled or disabled independently
• One 16-bit delay register per pre-trigger output
• Optional bypass of the delay registers of the pre-trigger outputs
• Operation in One-Shot or Continuous modes
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• Optional back-to-back mode operation, which enables the ADC conversions
complete to trigger the next PDB channel
• One programmable delay interrupt
• One sequence error interrupt
• One channel flag and one sequence error flag per pre-trigger
• DMA support
• Up to 8 pulse outputs (pulse-out's)
• Pulse-out's can be enabled or disabled independently
• Programmable pulse width
NOTE
The number of PDB input and output triggers are chip-specific.
See the chip-specific PDB information for details.
36.1.2 Implementation
In this section, the following letters refer to the number of output triggers:
• N—Total available number of PDB channels.
•n—PDB channel number, valid from 0 to N-1.
• M—Total available pre-trigger per PDB channel.
•m—Pre-trigger number, valid from 0 to M-1.
• X—Total number of DAC interval triggers.
•x—DAC interval trigger output number, valid from 0 to X-1.
• Y—Total number of Pulse-Out's.
•y—Pulse-Out number, valid value is from 0 to Y-1.
NOTE
The number of module output triggers to core is chip-specific.
For module to core output triggers implementation, see the chip
configuration information.
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36.1.3 Back-to-back acknowledgment connections
PDB back-to-back operation acknowledgment connections are chip-specific. For
implementation, see the chip configuration information.
36.1.4 DAC External Trigger Input Connections
The implementation of DAC external trigger inputs is chip-specific. See the chip
configuration information for details.
36.1.5 Block diagram
This diagram illustrates the major components of the PDB.
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Ch n trigger
PDBCHnDLY0
PDBCHnDLYm
=
Ack 0
Pre-trigger 0
Ch n pre-trigger 0
Ch n pre-trigger m
=
BB[m], TOS[m]
BB[0], TOS[0]EN[0]
EN[m]
MULT
Ack m
Pre-trigger m
Trigger-In 0
Sequence Error
Detection
ERR[M - 1:0]
PRESCALER
PDBCNT
PDBMOD =
CONT
Trigger-In 1
Trigger-In 14
SWTRIG
TRIGSEL
DACINTx
EXTx
=
PDBIDLY =PDB interrupt
TOEx
=
=
POyDLY2
POyDLY1
Pulse
Generation Pulse-Out y
PDBPOEN[y]
Pulse-Out y
DAC interval
trigger x
From trigger mux
TOEx
DAC external
trigger input
Control
logic
PDB counter
DAC interval
counter x
Figure 36-1. PDB block diagram
In this diagram, only one PDB channel n, one DAC interval trigger x, and one Pulse-Out
y are shown. The PDB-enabled control logic and the sequence error interrupt logic are
not shown.
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36.1.6 Modes of operation
PDB ADC trigger operates in the following modes:
• Disabled—Counter is off, all pre-trigger and trigger outputs are low if PDB is not in
back-to-back operation of Bypass mode.
• Debug—Counter is paused when processor is in Debug mode, and the counter for the
DAC trigger is also paused in Debug mode.
• Enabled One-Shot—Counter is enabled and restarted at count zero upon receiving a
positive edge on the selected trigger input source or software trigger is selected and
SC[SWTRIG] is written with 1. In each PDB channel, an enabled pre-trigger asserts
once per trigger input event. The trigger output asserts whenever any of the pre-
triggers is asserted.
• Enabled Continuous—Counter is enabled and restarted at count zero. The counter is
rolled over to zero again when the count reaches the value specified in the modulus
register, and the counting is restarted. This enables a continuous stream of pre-
triggers/trigger outputs as a result of a single trigger input event.
• Enabled Bypassed—The pre-trigger and trigger outputs assert immediately after a
positive edge on the selected trigger input source or software trigger is selected and
SC[SWTRIG] is written with 1, that is the delay registers are bypassed. It is possible
to bypass any one or more of the delay registers; therefore, this mode can be used in
conjunction with One-Shot or Continuous mode.
36.2 PDB signal descriptions
This table shows the detailed description of the external signal.
Table 36-1. PDB signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O
EXTRG External Trigger Input Source
If the PDB is enabled and external trigger input source is selected, a
positive edge on the EXTRG signal resets and starts the counter.
I
36.3 Memory map and register definition
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PDB memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_6000 Status and Control register (PDB0_SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.1/767
4003_6004 Modulus register (PDB0_MOD) 32 R/W 0000_FFFFh 36.3.2/770
4003_6008 Counter register (PDB0_CNT) 32 R 0000_0000h 36.3.3/770
4003_600C Interrupt Delay register (PDB0_IDLY) 32 R/W 0000_FFFFh 36.3.4/771
4003_6010 Channel n Control register 1 (PDB0_CH0C1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.5/771
4003_6014 Channel n Status register (PDB0_CH0S) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.6/772
4003_6018 Channel n Delay 0 register (PDB0_CH0DLY0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.7/773
4003_601C Channel n Delay 1 register (PDB0_CH0DLY1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.8/774
4003_6038 Channel n Control register 1 (PDB0_CH1C1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.5/771
4003_603C Channel n Status register (PDB0_CH1S) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.6/772
4003_6040 Channel n Delay 0 register (PDB0_CH1DLY0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.7/773
4003_6044 Channel n Delay 1 register (PDB0_CH1DLY1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.8/774
4003_6150 DAC Interval Trigger n Control register (PDB0_DACINTC0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.9/774
4003_6154 DAC Interval n register (PDB0_DACINT0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.10/
775
4003_6190 Pulse-Out n Enable register (PDB0_POEN) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.11/
776
4003_6194 Pulse-Out n Delay register (PDB0_PO0DLY) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.12/
776
4003_6198 Pulse-Out n Delay register (PDB0_PO1DLY) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 36.3.12/
776
Memory map and register definition
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36.3.1 Status and Control register (PDBx_SC)
Address: 4003_6000h base + 0h offset = 4003_6000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
LDMOD
PDBEIE
0
W
SWTRIG
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
DMAEN
PRESCALER TRGSEL
PDBEN
PDBIF
PDBIE
0
MULT
CONT
LDOK
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_SC field descriptions
Field Description
31–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–18
LDMOD
Load Mode Select
Selects the mode to load the MOD, IDLY, CHnDLYm, INTx, and POyDLY registers, after 1 is written to
LDOK.
00 The internal registers are loaded with the values from their buffers immediately after 1 is written to
LDOK.
01 The internal registers are loaded with the values from their buffers when the PDB counter reaches
the MOD register value after 1 is written to LDOK.
10 The internal registers are loaded with the values from their buffers when a trigger input event is
detected after 1 is written to LDOK.
11 The internal registers are loaded with the values from their buffers when either the PDB counter
reaches the MOD register value or a trigger input event is detected, after 1 is written to LDOK.
17
PDBEIE
PDB Sequence Error Interrupt Enable
Enables the PDB sequence error interrupt. When this field is set, any of the PDB channel sequence error
flags generates a PDB sequence error interrupt.
Table continues on the next page...
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PDBx_SC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 PDB sequence error interrupt disabled.
1 PDB sequence error interrupt enabled.
16
SWTRIG
Software Trigger
When PDB is enabled and the software trigger is selected as the trigger input source, writing 1 to this field
resets and restarts the counter. Writing 0 to this field has no effect. Reading this field results 0.
15
DMAEN
DMA Enable
When DMA is enabled, the PDBIF flag generates a DMA request instead of an interrupt.
0 DMA disabled.
1 DMA enabled.
14–12
PRESCALER
Prescaler Divider Select
000 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by multiplication factor selected by MULT.
001 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by twice of the multiplication factor selected by MULT.
010 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by four times of the multiplication factor selected by
MULT.
011 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by eight times of the multiplication factor selected by
MULT.
100 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by 16 times of the multiplication factor selected by
MULT.
101 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by 32 times of the multiplication factor selected by
MULT.
110 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by 64 times of the multiplication factor selected by
MULT.
111 Counting uses the peripheral clock divided by 128 times of the multiplication factor selected by
MULT.
11–8
TRGSEL
Trigger Input Source Select
Selects the trigger input source for the PDB. The trigger input source can be internal or external (EXTRG
pin), or the software trigger. Refer to chip configuration details for the actual PDB input trigger
connections.
0000 Trigger-In 0 is selected.
0001 Trigger-In 1 is selected.
0010 Trigger-In 2 is selected.
0011 Trigger-In 3 is selected.
0100 Trigger-In 4 is selected.
0101 Trigger-In 5 is selected.
0110 Trigger-In 6 is selected.
0111 Trigger-In 7 is selected.
1000 Trigger-In 8 is selected.
1001 Trigger-In 9 is selected.
1010 Trigger-In 10 is selected.
1011 Trigger-In 11 is selected.
1100 Trigger-In 12 is selected.
1101 Trigger-In 13 is selected.
1110 Trigger-In 14 is selected.
1111 Software trigger is selected.
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PDBx_SC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
7
PDBEN
PDB Enable
0 PDB disabled. Counter is off.
1 PDB enabled.
6
PDBIF
PDB Interrupt Flag
This field is set when the counter value is equal to the IDLY register. Writing zero clears this field.
5
PDBIE
PDB Interrupt Enable
Enables the PDB interrupt. When this field is set and DMAEN is cleared, PDBIF generates a PDB
interrupt.
0 PDB interrupt disabled.
1 PDB interrupt enabled.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3–2
MULT
Multiplication Factor Select for Prescaler
Selects the multiplication factor of the prescaler divider for the counter clock.
00 Multiplication factor is 1.
01 Multiplication factor is 10.
10 Multiplication factor is 20.
11 Multiplication factor is 40.
1
CONT
Continuous Mode Enable
Enables the PDB operation in Continuous mode.
0 PDB operation in One-Shot mode
1 PDB operation in Continuous mode
0
LDOK
Load OK
Writing 1 to LDOK bit updates the MOD, IDLY, CHnDLYm, DACINTx, and POyDLY registers with the
values previously written to their internal buffers (and stored there). The new values of MOD, IDLY,
CHnDLYm, DACINTx, and POyDLY registers will take effect according to the setting of the LDMOD field
(Load Mode Select). Before 1 is written to the LDOK field, the values in the internal buffers of these
registers are not effective, and new values cannot be written to the internal buffers until the existing values
in the internal buffers are loaded into their corresponding registers.
• LDOK can be written only when PDBEN is set, or LDOK can be written at the same time when
PDBEN is written to 1.
• LDOK is automatically cleared when the values in the internal buffers are loaded into the registers or
when PDBEN bit (PDB Enable) is cleared.
• Writing 0 to LDOK has no effect.
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36.3.2 Modulus register (PDBx_MOD)
Note: This register is internally buffered, and any values written to the register are
written to its internal buffer instead; in other words, the internal device bus does not write
directly to this register. The value in this register's internal buffer is loaded into this
register only after "1" is written to the SC[LDOK] bit.
Address: 4003_6000h base + 4h offset = 4003_6004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0MOD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
PDBx_MOD field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
MOD PDB Modulus
Specifies the period of the counter. When the counter reaches this value, it will be reset back to zero. If the
PDB is in Continuous mode, the count begins anew. Reading this field returns the value of the internal
register that is effective for the current cycle of PDB.
36.3.3 Counter register (PDBx_CNT)
Address: 4003_6000h base + 8h offset = 4003_6008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 CNT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_CNT field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CNT PDB Counter
Contains the current value of the counter.
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36.3.4 Interrupt Delay register (PDBx_IDLY)
Note: This register is internally buffered, and any values written to the register are
written to its internal buffer instead; in other words, the internal device bus does not write
directly to this register. The value in this register's internal buffer is loaded into this
register only after "1" is written to the SC[LDOK] bit.
Address: 4003_6000h base + Ch offset = 4003_600Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0IDLY
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
PDBx_IDLY field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
IDLY PDB Interrupt Delay
Specifies the delay value to schedule the PDB interrupt. It can be used to schedule an independent
interrupt at some point in the PDB cycle. If enabled, a PDB interrupt is generated, when the counter is
equal to the IDLY. Reading this field returns the value of internal register that is effective for the current
cycle of the PDB.
36.3.5 Channel n Control register 1 (PDBx_CHnC1)
Each PDB channel has one control register, CHnC1. The bits in this register control the
functionality of each PDB channel operation.
Address: 4003_6000h base + 10h offset + (40d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0BB TOS EN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_CHnC1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23–16
BB
PDB Channel Pre-Trigger Back-to-Back Operation Enable
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PDBx_CHnC1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
These bits enable the PDB ADC pre-trigger operation as back-to-back mode. Only lower M pre-trigger bits
are implemented in this MCU. Back-to-back operation enables the ADC conversions complete to trigger
the next PDB channel pre-trigger and trigger output, so that the ADC conversions can be triggered on next
set of configuration and results registers. Application code must only enable the back-to-back operation of
the PDB pre-triggers at the leading of the back-to-back connection chain.
0 PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger back-to-back operation disabled.
1 PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger back-to-back operation enabled.
15–8
TOS
PDB Channel Pre-Trigger Output Select
Selects the PDB ADC pre-trigger outputs. Only lower M pre-trigger fields are implemented in this MCU.
0 PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger is in bypassed mode. The pre-trigger asserts one peripheral
clock cycle after a rising edge is detected on selected trigger input source or software trigger is
selected and SWTRIG is written with 1.
1 PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger asserts when the counter reaches the channel delay register
and one peripheral clock cycle after a rising edge is detected on selected trigger input source or
software trigger is selected and SETRIG is written with 1.
EN PDB Channel Pre-Trigger Enable
These bits enable the PDB ADC pre-trigger outputs. Only lower M pre-trigger bits are implemented in this
MCU.
0 PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger disabled.
1 PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger enabled.
36.3.6 Channel n Status register (PDBx_CHnS)
Address: 4003_6000h base + 14h offset + (40d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CF 0ERR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_CHnS field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23–16
CF
PDB Channel Flags
The CF[m] bit is set when the PDB counter matches the CHnDLYm. Write 0 to clear these bits.
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
ERR PDB Channel Sequence Error Flags
Only the lower M bits are implemented in this MCU.
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PDBx_CHnS field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Sequence error not detected on PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger.
1 Sequence error detected on PDB channel's corresponding pre-trigger. ADCn block can be triggered
for a conversion by one pre-trigger from PDB channel n. When one conversion, which is triggered by
one of the pre-triggers from PDB channel n, is in progress, new trigger from PDB channel's
corresponding pre-trigger m cannot be accepted by ADCn, and ERR[m] is set. Writing 0’s to clear the
sequence error flags.
36.3.7 Channel n Delay 0 register (PDBx_CHnDLY0)
Note: This register is internally buffered, and any values written to the register are
written to its internal buffer instead; in other words, the internal device bus does not write
directly to this register. The value in this register's internal buffer is loaded into this
register only after "1" is written to the SC[LDOK] bit.
Address: 4003_6000h base + 18h offset + (40d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0DLY
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_CHnDLY0 field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
DLY PDB Channel Delay
Specifies the delay value for the channel's corresponding pre-trigger. The pre-trigger asserts when the
counter is equal to DLY. Reading this field returns the value of internal register that is effective for the
current PDB cycle.
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36.3.8 Channel n Delay 1 register (PDBx_CHnDLY1)
Note: This register is internally buffered, and any values written to the register are
written to its internal buffer instead; in other words, the internal device bus does not write
directly to this register. The value in this register's internal buffer is loaded into this
register only after "1" is written to the SC[LDOK] bit.
Address: 4003_6000h base + 1Ch offset + (40d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0DLY
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_CHnDLY1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
DLY PDB Channel Delay
These bits specify the delay value for the channel's corresponding pre-trigger. The pre-trigger asserts
when the counter is equal to DLY. Reading these bits returns the value of internal register that is effective
for the current PDB cycle.
36.3.9 DAC Interval Trigger n Control register (PDBx_DACINTCn)
Address: 4003_6000h base + 150h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0EXT TOE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_DACINTCn field descriptions
Field Description
31–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
EXT
DAC External Trigger Input Enable
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PDBx_DACINTCn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
This bit enables the external trigger for DAC interval counter.
0 DAC external trigger input disabled. DAC interval counter is reset and started counting when a rising
edge is detected on selected trigger input source or software trigger is selected and SWTRIG is
written with 1.
1 DAC external trigger input enabled. DAC interval counter is bypassed and DAC external trigger input
triggers the DAC interval trigger.
0
TOE
DAC Interval Trigger Enable
Enables the DAC interval trigger.
0 DAC interval trigger disabled.
1 DAC interval trigger enabled.
36.3.10 DAC Interval n register (PDBx_DACINTn)
Note: This register is internally buffered, and any values written to the register are
written to its internal buffer instead; in other words, the internal device bus does not write
directly to this register. The value in this register's internal buffer is loaded into this
register only after "1" is written to the SC[LDOK] bit.
Address: 4003_6000h base + 154h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0INT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_DACINTn field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
INT DAC Interval
These bits specify the interval value for DAC interval trigger. DAC interval trigger triggers DAC[1:0] update
when the DAC interval counter is equal to the DACINT. Reading these bits returns the value of internal
register that is effective for the current PDB cycle.
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36.3.11 Pulse-Out n Enable register (PDBx_POEN)
Address: 4003_6000h base + 190h offset = 4003_6190h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0POEN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_POEN field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
POEN PDB Pulse-Out Enable
Enables the pulse output. Only lower 8 bits are implemented in this MCU.
0 PDB Pulse-Out disabled
1 PDB Pulse-Out enabled
36.3.12 Pulse-Out n Delay register (PDBx_POnDLY)
Note: This register is internally buffered, and any values written to the register are
written to its internal buffer instead; in other words, the internal device bus does not write
directly to this register. The value in this register's internal buffer is loaded into this
register only after "1" is written to the SC[LDOK] bit.
Address: 4003_6000h base + 194h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RDLY1 DLY2
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PDBx_POnDLY field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
DLY1
PDB Pulse-Out Delay 1
Specifies the delay 1 value for the PDB Pulse-Out. Pulse-Out goes high when the PDB counter is equal to
the DLY1. Reading this field returns the value of internal register that is effective for the current PDB cycle.
DLY2 PDB Pulse-Out Delay 2
Specifies the delay 2 value for the PDB Pulse-Out. Pulse-Out goes low when the PDB counter is equal to
the DLY2. Reading this field returns the value of internal register that is effective for the current PDB cycle.
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36.4 Functional description
36.4.1 PDB pre-trigger and trigger outputs
The PDB contains a counter whose output is compared to several different digital values.
If the PDB is enabled, then a trigger input event will reset the counter and make it start to
count. A trigger input event is defined as a rising edge being detected on a selected
trigger input source, or if a software trigger is selected and SC[SWTRIG] is written with
1. For each channel, a delay m determines the time between assertion of the trigger input
event to the time at which changes in the pre-trigger m output signal are started. The time
is defined as:
•Trigger input event to pre-trigger m = (prescaler × multiplication factor × delay m) +
2 peripheral clock cycles
• Add 1 additional peripheral clock cycle to determine the time when the channel
trigger output changes.
Each channel is associated with 1 ADC block. PDB channel n pre-trigger outputs 0 to M;
each pre-trigger output is connected to ADC hardware trigger select and hardware trigger
inputs. The pre-triggers are used to precondition the ADC block before the actual trigger
occurs. When the ADC receives the rising edge of the trigger, the ADC will start the
conversion according to the precondition determined by the pre-triggers. The ADC
contains M sets of configuration and result registers, allowing it to alternate conversions
between M different analog sources (like a ping-pong game). The pre-trigger outputs are
used to specify which signal will be sampled next. When a pre-trigger m is asserted, the
ADC conversion is triggered with set m of the configuration and result registers.
The waveforms shown in the following diagram show the pre-trigger and trigger outputs
of PDB channel n. The delays can be independently set using the CHnDLYm registers,
and the pre-triggers can be enabled or disabled in CHnC1[EN[m]].
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Trigger input event
Ch n pre-trigger 0
Ch n pre-trigger 1
Ch n pre-trigger M
Ch n trigger
... ... ... ...
Figure 36-2. Pre-trigger and trigger outputs
The delay in CHnDLYm register can be optionally bypassed, if CHnC1[TOS[m]] is
cleared. In this case, when the trigger input event occurs, the pre-trigger m is asserted
after 2 peripheral clock cycles.
The PDB can be configured for back-to-back operation. Back-to-back operation enables
the ADC conversion completions to trigger the next PDB channel pre-trigger and trigger
outputs, so that the ADC conversions can be triggered on the next set of configuration
and results registers. When back-to-back operation is enabled by setting CHnC1[BB[m]],
then the delay m is ignored and the pre-trigger m is asserted 2 peripheral cycles after the
acknowledgment m is received. The acknowledgment connections in this MCU are
described in Back-to-back acknowledgment connections.
When a pre-trigger from a PDB channel n is asserted, the associated lock of the pre-
trigger becomes active. The associated lock is released by the rising edge of the
corresponding ADCnSC1[COCO]; the ADCnSC1[COCO] should be cleared after the
conversion result is read, so that the next rising edge of ADCnSC1[COCO] can be
generated to clear the lock later. The lock becomes inactive when:
•the rising edge of corresponding ADCnSC1[COCO] occurs,
• or the corresponding PDB pre-trigger is disabled,
• or the PDB is disabled
The channel n trigger output is suppressed when any of the locks of the pre-triggers in
channel n is active. If a new pre-trigger m asserts when there is active lock in the PDB
channel n, then a register flag bit CHnS[ERR[m]] (associated with the pre-trigger m) is
set. If SC[PDBEIE] is set, then the sequence error interrupt is generated. A sequence
error typically happens because the delay m is set too short and the pre-trigger m asserts
before the previously triggered ADC conversion finishes.
When the PDB counter reaches the value set in IDLY register, the SC[PDBIF] flag is set.
A PDB interrupt can be generated if SC[PDBIE] is set and SC[DMAEN] is cleared. If
SC[DMAEN] is set, then the PDB requests a DMA transfer when the SC[PDBIF] flag is
set.
Functional description
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The modulus value in the MOD register is used to reset the counter back to zero at the
end of the count. If SC[CONT] is set, then the counter will then resume a new count;
otherwise, the counter operation will stop until the next trigger input event occurs.
36.4.2 PDB trigger input source selection
The PDB has up to 15 trigger input sources, namely Trigger-In 0 to Trigger-In 14. They
are connected to on-chip or off-chip event sources. The PDB can be triggered by software
through SC[SWTRIG].
For the trigger input sources implemented in this MCU, see chip configuration
information.
36.4.3 Pulse-Out's
PDB can generate pulse outputs of configurable width.
•When the PDB counter reaches the value set in POyDLY[DLY1], then the Pulse-Out
goes high.
•When the PDB counter reaches POyDLY[DLY2], then it goes low.
POyDLY[DLY2] can be set either greater or less than POyDLY[DLY1].
ADC pre-trigger/trigger outputs and Pulse-Out generation have the same time base,
because they both share the PDB counter. The pulse-out connections implemented in this
MCU are described in the device's chip configuration details.
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POyDLY[DLY2]
PDB Counter
Pulse-Out
Pulse-Out generation with DLY2 > DLY1
POyDLY[DLY1]
Pulse-Out
Pulse-Out generation with DLY1 > DLY2
POyDLY[DLY1]
PDB Counter
POyDLY[DLY2]
Figure 36-3. How Pulse Out is generated
36.4.4 Updating the delay registers
The following registers control the timing of the PDB operation; and in some of the
applications, they may need to become effective at the same time.
• PDB Modulus register (MOD)
• PDB Interrupt Delay register (IDLY)
•PDB Channel n Delay m register (CHnDLYm)
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•DAC Interval x register (DACINTx)
•PDB Pulse-Out y Delay register (POyDLY)
The internal registers of them are buffered and any values written to them are written first
to their buffers. The circumstances that cause their internal registers to be updated with
the values from the buffers are summarized as shown in the table below.
Table 36-2. Circumstances of update to the delay registers
SC[LDMOD] Update to the delay registers
00 The internal registers are loaded with the values from their buffers immediately after 1 is written to
SC[LDOK].
01 The PDB counter reaches the MOD register value after 1 is written to SC[LDOK].
10 A trigger input event is detected after 1 is written to SC[LDOK].
11 Either the PDB counter reaches the MOD register value, or a trigger input event is detected, after 1 is
written to SC[LDOK].
After 1 is written to SC[LDOK], the buffers cannot be written until the values in buffers
are loaded into their internal registers. SC[LDOK] is self-cleared when the internal
registers are loaded, so the application code can read it to determine the updates to the
internal registers.
The following diagrams show the cases of the internal registers being updated with
SC[LDMOD] is 00 and x1.
PDB counter
Ch n pre-trigger 0
Ch n pre-trigger 1
CHnDLY1
CHnDLY0
SC[LDOK]
Figure 36-4. Registers update with SC[LDMOD] = 00
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PDB counter
Ch n pre-trigger 0
Ch n pre-trigger 1
CHnDLY1
CHnDLY0
SC[LDOK]
Figure 36-5. Registers update with SC[LDMOD] = x1
36.4.5 Interrupts
PDB can generate two interrupts: PDB interrupt and PDB sequence error interrupt. The
following table summarizes the interrupts.
Table 36-3. PDB interrupt summary
Interrupt Flags Enable bit
PDB Interrupt SC[PDBIF] SC[PDBIE] = 1 and
SC[DMAEN] = 0
PDB Sequence Error Interrupt CHnS[ERRm] SC[PDBEIE] = 1
36.4.6 DMA
If SC[DMAEN] is set, PDB can generate a DMA transfer request when SC[PDBIF] is
set. When DMA is enabled, the PDB interrupt is not issued.
36.5 Application information
Application information
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36.5.1 Impact of using the prescaler and multiplication factor on
timing resolution
Use of prescaler and multiplication factor greater than 1 limits the count/delay accuracy
in terms of peripheral clock cycles (to the modulus of the prescaler X multiplication
factor). If the multiplication factor is set to 1 and the prescaler is set to 2 then the only
values of total peripheral clocks that can be detected are even values; if prescaler is set to
4 then the only values of total peripheral clocks that can be decoded as detected are
mod(4) and so forth. If the applications need a really long delay value and use a prescaler
set to 128, then the resolution would be limited to 128 peripheral clock cycles.
Therefore, use the lowest possible prescaler and multiplication factor for a given
application.
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Chapter 37
FlexTimer Module (FTM)
37.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The FlexTimer module (FTM) is a two-to-eight channel timer that supports input capture,
output compare, and the generation of PWM signals to control electric motor and power
management applications. The FTM time reference is a 16-bit counter that can be used as
an unsigned or signed counter.
NOTE
The number of channels supported can vary for each instance of
the FTM module on a chip. See the chip-specific FTM
information to see how many channels are supported for each
module instance. For example, if a module instance supports
only six channels, references to channel numbers 6 and 7 do not
apply for that instance.
37.1.1 FlexTimer philosophy
The FlexTimer is built upon a simple timer, the Timer PWM Module – TPM, used for
many years on our HCS08 family of 8-bit microcontrollers. The FlexTimer extends the
functionality to meet the demands of motor control, digital lighting solutions, and power
conversion, while providing low cost and backwards compatibility with the TPM module.
Several key enhancements are made:
• Signed up counter
• Deadtime insertion hardware
• Fault control inputs
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• Enhanced triggering functionality
• Initialization and polarity control
All of the features common with the TPM have fully backwards compatible register
assignments. The FlexTimer can also use code on the same core platform without change
to perform the same functions.
Motor control and power conversion features have been added through a dedicated set of
registers and defaults turn off all new features. The new features, such as hardware
deadtime insertion, polarity, fault control, and output forcing and masking, greatly reduce
loading on the execution software and are usually each controlled by a group of registers.
FlexTimer input triggers can be from comparators, ADC, or other submodules to initiate
timer functions automatically. These triggers can be linked in a variety of ways during
integration of the sub modules so please note the options available for used FlexTimer
configuration.
More than one FlexTimers may be synchronized to provide a larger timer with their
counters incrementing in unison, assuming the initialization, the input clocks, the initial
and final counting values are the same in each FlexTimer.
All main user access registers are buffered to ease the load on the executing software. A
number of trigger options exist to determine which registers are updated with this user
defined data.
37.1.2 Features
The FTM features include:
• FTM source clock is selectable.
• The source clock can be the system clock, the fixed frequency clock, or an
external clock
• Fixed frequency clock is an additional clock input to allow the selection of an on
chip clock source other than the system clock
• Selecting external clock connects FTM clock to a chip level input pin therefore
allowing to synchronize the FTM counter with an off chip clock source
• Prescaler divide-by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128
• 16-bit counter
• It can be a free-running counter or a counter with initial and final value
• The counting can be up or up-down
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786 NXP Semiconductors
• Each channel can be configured for input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned
PWM mode
• In Input Capture mode:
• The capture can occur on rising edges, falling edges or both edges
• An input filter can be selected for some channels
• In Output Compare mode the output signal can be set, cleared, or toggled on match
• All channels can be configured for center-aligned PWM mode
• Each pair of channels can be combined to generate a PWM signal with independent
control of both edges of PWM signal
• The FTM channels can operate as pairs with equal outputs, pairs with
complementary outputs, or independent channels with independent outputs
• The deadtime insertion is available for each complementary pair
• Generation of match triggers
• Initialization trigger
• Software control of PWM outputs
• Up to 4 fault inputs for global fault control
• The polarity of each channel is configurable
• The generation of an interrupt per channel
• The generation of an interrupt when the counter overflows
• The generation of an interrupt when the fault condition is detected
• Synchronized loading of write buffered FTM registers
• Write protection for critical registers
• Backwards compatible with TPM
• Testing of input captures for a stuck at zero and one conditions
• Dual edge capture for pulse and period width measurement
• Quadrature decoder with input filters, relative position counting, and interrupt on
position count or capture of position count on external event
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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37.1.3 Modes of operation
When the chip is in an active BDM mode, the FTM temporarily suspends all counting
until the chip returns to normal user operating mode. During Stop mode, all FTM input
clocks are stopped, so the FTM is effectively disabled until clocks resume. During Wait
mode, the FTM continues to operate normally. If the FTM does not need to produce a
real time reference or provide the interrupt sources needed to wake the chip from Wait
mode, the power can then be saved by disabling FTM functions before entering Wait
mode.
37.1.4 Block diagram
The FTM uses one input/output (I/O) pin per channel, CHn (FTM channel (n)) where n is
the channel number (0–7).
The following figure shows the FTM structure. The central component of the FTM is the
16-bit counter with programmable initial and final values and its counting can be up or
up-down.
NOTE
The number of channels supported can vary for each instance of
the FTM module on a chip. See the chip-specific FTM
information to see how many channels are supported for each
module instance. For example, if a module instance supports
only six channels, references to channel numbers 6 and 7 do not
apply for that instance.
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788 NXP Semiconductors
CAPTEST
no clock selected
(FTM counter disable)
system clock
fixed frequency clock
external clock
phase A
phase B
CLKS
FTMEN
QUADEN
synchronizer
Quadrature
decoder QUADEN
CPWMS
PS
INITTRIGEN
TOIE
TOF
TOFDIR
QUADIR
CNTIN
MOD
FAULTIN
FAULTF
FAULTFn*
FTM counter
FAULTM[1:0]
FFVAL[3:0]
FAULTIE
FAULTnEN*
FFLTRnEN*
fault input n*
fault control
*where n = 3, 2, 1, 0
initialization
trigger
timer overflow
interrupt
fault condition
fault interrupt
pair channels 0 - channels 0 and 1
DECAPEN
COMBINE0
CPWMS
MS0B:MS0A
ELS0B:ELS0A
dual edge capture
mode logic
input capture
mode logic
input capture
mode logic
channel 0
input
channel 1
input
DECAPEN
COMBINE0
CPWMS
MS1B:MS1A
ELS1B:ELS1A
DECAPEN
COMBINE3
CPWMS
MS6B:MS6A
ELS6B:ELS6A
channel 6
input
channel 7
input
DECAPEN
COMBINE3
CPWMS
MS7B:MS7A
ELS7B:ELS7A
dual edge capture
mode logic
input capture
mode logic
input capture
mode logic
C0V
C1V
C6V
C7V
CH6IE
CH6F
CH1IE
CH0IE
CH7IE
CH7F
CH1F
CH0F
channel 0
interrupt
channel 1
interrupt
channel 6
interrupt
channel 7
interrupt channel 7
match trigger
channel 6
output signal
channel 6
match trigger
channel 1
match trigger
channel 0
output signal
channel 0
match trigger
channel 1
output signal
channel 7
output signal
CH7TRIG
CH6TRIG
CH1TRIG
CH0TRIG
pair channels 3 - channels 6 and 7
(generation of channels 0 and 1 outputs signals in output
compare, EPWM, CPWM and combine modes according to
initialization, complementary mode, inverting, software output
control, deadtime insertion, output mask, fault control
and polarity control)
output modes logic
(generation of channels 6 and 7 outputs signals in output
compare, EPWM, CPWM and combine modes according to
initialization, complementary mode, inverting, software output
control, deadtime insertion, output mask, fault control
and polarity control)
output modes logic
prescaler
(1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128)
Figure 37-1. FTM block diagram
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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NXP Semiconductors 789
37.2 FTM signal descriptions
Table 37-1 shows the user-accessible signals for the FTM.
Table 37-1. FTM signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O Function
EXTCLK External clock. FTM external
clock can be selected to drive
the FTM counter.
I The external clock input signal is used as the FTM counter
clock if selected by CLKS[1:0] bits in the SC register. This
clock signal must not exceed 1/4 of system clock frequency.
The FTM counter prescaler selection and settings are also
used when an external clock is selected.
CHn FTM channel (n), where n can
be 7-0
I/O Each FTM channel can be configured to operate either as
input or output. The direction associated with each channel,
input or output, is selected according to the mode assigned
for that channel.
FAULTj Fault input (j), where j can be
3-0
I The fault input signals are used to control the CHn channel
output state. If a fault is detected, the FAULTj signal is
asserted and the channel output is put in a safe state. The
behavior of the fault logic is defined by the FAULTM[1:0]
control bits in the MODE register and FAULTEN bit in the
COMBINEm register. Note that each FAULTj input may affect
all channels selectively since FAULTM[1:0] and FAULTEN
control bits are defined for each pair of channels. Because
there are several FAULTj inputs, maximum of 4 for the FTM
module, each one of these inputs is activated by the
FAULTjEN bit in the FLTCTRL register.
PHA Quadrature decoder phase A
input. Input pin associated
with quadrature decoder
phase A.
I The quadrature decoder phase A input is used as the
Quadrature Decoder mode is selected. The phase A input
signal is one of the signals that control the FTM counter
increment or decrement in the Quadrature Decoder mode.
PHB Quadrature decoder phase B
input. Input pin associated
with quadrature decoder
phase B.
I The quadrature decoder phase B input is used as the
Quadrature Decoder mode is selected. The phase B input
signal is one of the signals that control the FTM counter
increment or decrement in the Quadrature Decoder mode.
37.3 Memory map and register definition
37.3.1 Memory map
This section presents a high-level summary of the FTM registers and how they are
mapped.
The registers and bits of an unavailable function in the FTM remain in the memory map
and in the reset value, but they have no active function.
FTM signal descriptions
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790 NXP Semiconductors
Note
Do not write in the region from the CNTIN register through the
PWMLOAD register when FTMEN = 0.
NOTE
The number of channels supported can vary for each instance of
the FTM module on a chip. See the chip-specific FTM
information to see how many channels are supported for each
module instance. For example, if a module instance supports
only six channels, references to channel numbers 6 and 7 do not
apply for that instance.
37.3.2 Register descriptions
Accesses to reserved addresses result in transfer errors. Registers for absent channels are
considered reserved.
FTM memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_8000 Status And Control (FTM0_SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.3/796
4003_8004 Counter (FTM0_CNT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.4/797
4003_8008 Modulo (FTM0_MOD) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.5/798
4003_800C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C0SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8010 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C0V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_8014 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C1SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8018 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C1V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_801C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C2SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8020 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C2V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_8024 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C3SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8028 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C3V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_802C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C4SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8030 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C4V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_8034 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C5SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8038 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C5V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_803C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C6SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8040 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C6V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_8044 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM0_C7SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_8048 Channel (n) Value (FTM0_C7V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_804C Counter Initial Value (FTM0_CNTIN) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.8/802
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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NXP Semiconductors 791
FTM memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_8050 Capture And Compare Status (FTM0_STATUS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.9/803
4003_8054 Features Mode Selection (FTM0_MODE) 32 R/W 0000_0004h 37.3.10/
805
4003_8058 Synchronization (FTM0_SYNC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.11/
807
4003_805C Initial State For Channels Output (FTM0_OUTINIT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.12/
809
4003_8060 Output Mask (FTM0_OUTMASK) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.13/
810
4003_8064 Function For Linked Channels (FTM0_COMBINE) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.14/
812
4003_8068 Deadtime Insertion Control (FTM0_DEADTIME) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.15/
817
4003_806C FTM External Trigger (FTM0_EXTTRIG) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.16/
818
4003_8070 Channels Polarity (FTM0_POL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.17/
820
4003_8074 Fault Mode Status (FTM0_FMS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.18/
822
4003_8078 Input Capture Filter Control (FTM0_FILTER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.19/
824
4003_807C Fault Control (FTM0_FLTCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.20/
825
4003_8080 Quadrature Decoder Control And Status (FTM0_QDCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.21/
828
4003_8084 Configuration (FTM0_CONF) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.22/
830
4003_8088 FTM Fault Input Polarity (FTM0_FLTPOL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.23/
831
4003_808C Synchronization Configuration (FTM0_SYNCONF) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.24/
832
4003_8090 FTM Inverting Control (FTM0_INVCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.25/
834
4003_8094 FTM Software Output Control (FTM0_SWOCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.26/
835
4003_8098 FTM PWM Load (FTM0_PWMLOAD) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.27/
838
4003_9000 Status And Control (FTM1_SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.3/796
4003_9004 Counter (FTM1_CNT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.4/797
4003_9008 Modulo (FTM1_MOD) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.5/798
4003_900C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C0SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9010 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C0V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_9014 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C1SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
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FTM memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_9018 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C1V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_901C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C2SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9020 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C2V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_9024 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C3SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9028 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C3V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_902C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C4SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9030 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C4V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_9034 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C5SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9038 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C5V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_903C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C6SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9040 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C6V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_9044 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM1_C7SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_9048 Channel (n) Value (FTM1_C7V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_904C Counter Initial Value (FTM1_CNTIN) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.8/802
4003_9050 Capture And Compare Status (FTM1_STATUS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.9/803
4003_9054 Features Mode Selection (FTM1_MODE) 32 R/W 0000_0004h 37.3.10/
805
4003_9058 Synchronization (FTM1_SYNC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.11/
807
4003_905C Initial State For Channels Output (FTM1_OUTINIT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.12/
809
4003_9060 Output Mask (FTM1_OUTMASK) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.13/
810
4003_9064 Function For Linked Channels (FTM1_COMBINE) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.14/
812
4003_9068 Deadtime Insertion Control (FTM1_DEADTIME) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.15/
817
4003_906C FTM External Trigger (FTM1_EXTTRIG) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.16/
818
4003_9070 Channels Polarity (FTM1_POL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.17/
820
4003_9074 Fault Mode Status (FTM1_FMS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.18/
822
4003_9078 Input Capture Filter Control (FTM1_FILTER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.19/
824
4003_907C Fault Control (FTM1_FLTCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.20/
825
4003_9080 Quadrature Decoder Control And Status (FTM1_QDCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.21/
828
4003_9084 Configuration (FTM1_CONF) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.22/
830
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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FTM memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_9088 FTM Fault Input Polarity (FTM1_FLTPOL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.23/
831
4003_908C Synchronization Configuration (FTM1_SYNCONF) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.24/
832
4003_9090 FTM Inverting Control (FTM1_INVCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.25/
834
4003_9094 FTM Software Output Control (FTM1_SWOCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.26/
835
4003_9098 FTM PWM Load (FTM1_PWMLOAD) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.27/
838
4003_A000 Status And Control (FTM2_SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.3/796
4003_A004 Counter (FTM2_CNT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.4/797
4003_A008 Modulo (FTM2_MOD) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.5/798
4003_A00C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C0SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A010 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C0V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A014 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C1SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A018 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C1V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A01C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C2SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A020 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C2V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A024 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C3SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A028 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C3V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A02C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C4SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A030 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C4V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A034 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C5SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A038 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C5V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A03C Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C6SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A040 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C6V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A044 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTM2_C7SC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.6/799
4003_A048 Channel (n) Value (FTM2_C7V) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.7/802
4003_A04C Counter Initial Value (FTM2_CNTIN) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.8/802
4003_A050 Capture And Compare Status (FTM2_STATUS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.9/803
4003_A054 Features Mode Selection (FTM2_MODE) 32 R/W 0000_0004h 37.3.10/
805
4003_A058 Synchronization (FTM2_SYNC) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.11/
807
4003_A05C Initial State For Channels Output (FTM2_OUTINIT) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.12/
809
4003_A060 Output Mask (FTM2_OUTMASK) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.13/
810
4003_A064 Function For Linked Channels (FTM2_COMBINE) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.14/
812
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
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794 NXP Semiconductors
FTM memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_A068 Deadtime Insertion Control (FTM2_DEADTIME) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.15/
817
4003_A06C FTM External Trigger (FTM2_EXTTRIG) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.16/
818
4003_A070 Channels Polarity (FTM2_POL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.17/
820
4003_A074 Fault Mode Status (FTM2_FMS) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.18/
822
4003_A078 Input Capture Filter Control (FTM2_FILTER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.19/
824
4003_A07C Fault Control (FTM2_FLTCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.20/
825
4003_A080 Quadrature Decoder Control And Status (FTM2_QDCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.21/
828
4003_A084 Configuration (FTM2_CONF) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.22/
830
4003_A088 FTM Fault Input Polarity (FTM2_FLTPOL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.23/
831
4003_A08C Synchronization Configuration (FTM2_SYNCONF) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.24/
832
4003_A090 FTM Inverting Control (FTM2_INVCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.25/
834
4003_A094 FTM Software Output Control (FTM2_SWOCTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.26/
835
4003_A098 FTM PWM Load (FTM2_PWMLOAD) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 37.3.27/
838
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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NXP Semiconductors 795
37.3.3 Status And Control (FTMx_SC)
SC contains the overflow status flag and control bits used to configure the interrupt
enable, FTM configuration, clock source, and prescaler factor. These controls relate to all
channels within this module.
Address: Base address + 0h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
TOF
TOIE
CPWMS
CLKS PS
W0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_SC field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
TOF
Timer Overflow Flag
Set by hardware when the FTM counter passes the value in the MOD register. The TOF bit is cleared by
reading the SC register while TOF is set and then writing a 0 to TOF bit. Writing a 1 to TOF has no effect.
If another FTM overflow occurs between the read and write operations, the write operation has no effect;
therefore, TOF remains set indicating an overflow has occurred. In this case, a TOF interrupt request is
not lost due to the clearing sequence for a previous TOF.
0 FTM counter has not overflowed.
1 FTM counter has overflowed.
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
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FTMx_SC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
6
TOIE
Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable
Enables FTM overflow interrupts.
0 Disable TOF interrupts. Use software polling.
1 Enable TOF interrupts. An interrupt is generated when TOF equals one.
5
CPWMS
Center-Aligned PWM Select
Selects CPWM mode. This mode configures the FTM to operate in Up-Down Counting mode.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 FTM counter operates in Up Counting mode.
1 FTM counter operates in Up-Down Counting mode.
4–3
CLKS
Clock Source Selection
Selects FTM counter clock sources.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
00 No clock selected. This in effect disables the FTM counter.
01 System clock
10 Fixed frequency clock
11 External clock
PS Prescale Factor Selection
Selects one of 8 division factors for the clock source selected by CLKS. The new prescaler factor affects
the clock source on the next system clock cycle after the new value is updated into the register bits.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
000 Divide by 1
001 Divide by 2
010 Divide by 4
011 Divide by 8
100 Divide by 16
101 Divide by 32
110 Divide by 64
111 Divide by 128
37.3.4 Counter (FTMx_CNT)
The CNT register contains the FTM counter value.
Reset clears the CNT register. Writing any value to COUNT updates the counter with its
initial value, CNTIN.
When BDM is active, the FTM counter is frozen. This is the value that you may read.
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Address: Base address + 4h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0COUNT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_CNT field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
COUNT Counter Value
37.3.5 Modulo (FTMx_MOD)
The Modulo register contains the modulo value for the FTM counter. After the FTM
counter reaches the modulo value, the overflow flag (TOF) becomes set at the next clock,
and the next value of FTM counter depends on the selected counting method; see
Counter.
Writing to the MOD register latches the value into a buffer. The MOD register is updated
with the value of its write buffer according to Registers updated from write buffers.
If FTMEN = 0, this write coherency mechanism may be manually reset by writing to the
SC register whether BDM is active or not.
Initialize the FTM counter, by writing to CNT, before writing to the MOD register to
avoid confusion about when the first counter overflow will occur.
Address: Base address + 8h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RReserved MOD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_MOD field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
MOD Modulo Value
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37.3.6 Channel (n) Status And Control (FTMx_CnSC)
CnSC contains the channel-interrupt-status flag and control bits used to configure the
interrupt enable, channel configuration, and pin function.
Table 37-2. Mode, edge, and level selection
DECAPEN COMBINE CPWMS MSnB:MSnA ELSnB:ELSnA Mode Configuration
X X X XX 00 Pin not used for FTM—revert the
channel pin to general purpose I/O
or other peripheral control
0 0 0 00 01 Input Capture Capture on
Rising Edge
Only
10 Capture on
Falling Edge
Only
11 Capture on
Rising or Falling
Edge
01 01 Output Compare Toggle Output
on match
10 Clear Output on
match
11 Set Output on
match
1X 10 Edge-Aligned
PWM
High-true pulses
(clear Output on
match)
X1 Low-true pulses
(set Output on
match)
1 XX 10 Center-Aligned
PWM
High-true pulses
(clear Output on
match-up)
X1 Low-true pulses
(set Output on
match-up)
1 0 XX 10 Combine PWM High-true pulses
(set on channel
(n) match, and
clear on channel
(n+1) match)
X1 Low-true pulses
(clear on
channel (n)
match, and set
on channel (n
+1) match)
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Table 37-2. Mode, edge, and level selection (continued)
DECAPEN COMBINE CPWMS MSnB:MSnA ELSnB:ELSnA Mode Configuration
1 0 0 X0 See the
following table
(Table 37-3).
Dual Edge
Capture
One-Shot
Capture mode
X1 Continuous
Capture mode
Table 37-3. Dual Edge Capture mode — edge polarity selection
ELSnB ELSnA Channel Port Enable Detected Edges
0 0 Disabled No edge
0 1 Enabled Rising edge
1 0 Enabled Falling edge
1 1 Enabled Rising and falling edges
Address: Base address + Ch offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 7d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CHF
CHIE MSB MSA ELSB ELSA
ICRST
DMA
W0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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FTMx_CnSC field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
CHF
Channel Flag
Set by hardware when an event occurs on the channel. CHF is cleared by reading the CSC register while
CHnF is set and then writing a 0 to the CHF bit. Writing a 1 to CHF has no effect.
If another event occurs between the read and write operations, the write operation has no effect; therefore,
CHF remains set indicating an event has occurred. In this case a CHF interrupt request is not lost due to
the clearing sequence for a previous CHF.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
6
CHIE
Channel Interrupt Enable
Enables channel interrupts.
0 Disable channel interrupts. Use software polling.
1 Enable channel interrupts.
5
MSB
Channel Mode Select
Used for further selections in the channel logic. Its functionality is dependent on the channel mode. See
Table 37-2 .
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
4
MSA
Channel Mode Select
Used for further selections in the channel logic. Its functionality is dependent on the channel mode. See
Table 37-2 .
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
3
ELSB
Edge or Level Select
The functionality of ELSB and ELSA depends on the channel mode. See Table 37-2 .
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
2
ELSA
Edge or Level Select
The functionality of ELSB and ELSA depends on the channel mode. See Table 37-2 .
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
1
ICRST
FTM counter reset by the selected input capture event.
FTM counter reset is driven by the selected event of the channel (n) in the Input Capture mode.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 FTM counter is not reset when the selected channel (n) input event is detected.
1 FTM counter is reset when the selected channel (n) input event is detected.
0
DMA
DMA Enable
Enables DMA transfers for the channel.
0 Disable DMA transfers.
1 Enable DMA transfers.
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37.3.7 Channel (n) Value (FTMx_CnV)
These registers contain the captured FTM counter value for the input modes or the match
value for the output modes.
In Input Capture, Capture Test, and Dual Edge Capture modes, any write to a CnV
register is ignored.
In output modes, writing to a CnV register latches the value into a buffer. A CnV register
is updated with the value of its write buffer according to Registers updated from write
buffers.
If FTMEN = 0, this write coherency mechanism may be manually reset by writing to the
CnSC register whether BDM mode is active or not.
Address: Base address + 10h offset + (8d × i), where i=0d to 7d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0VAL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_CnV field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
VAL Channel Value
Captured FTM counter value of the input modes or the match value for the output modes
37.3.8 Counter Initial Value (FTMx_CNTIN)
The Counter Initial Value register contains the initial value for the FTM counter.
Writing to the CNTIN register latches the value into a buffer. The CNTIN register is
updated with the value of its write buffer according to Registers updated from write
buffers.
When the FTM clock is initially selected, by writing a non-zero value to the CLKS bits,
the FTM counter starts with the value 0x0000. To avoid this behavior, before the first
write to select the FTM clock, write the new value to the the CNTIN register and then
initialize the FTM counter by writing any value to the CNT register.
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Address: Base address + 4Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RReserved INIT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_CNTIN field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
INIT Initial Value Of The FTM Counter
37.3.9 Capture And Compare Status (FTMx_STATUS)
The STATUS register contains a copy of the status flag CHnF bit in CnSC for each FTM
channel for software convenience.
Each CHnF bit in STATUS is a mirror of CHnF bit in CnSC. All CHnF bits can be
checked using only one read of STATUS. All CHnF bits can be cleared by reading
STATUS followed by writing 0x00 to STATUS.
Hardware sets the individual channel flags when an event occurs on the channel. CHnF is
cleared by reading STATUS while CHnF is set and then writing a 0 to the CHnF bit.
Writing a 1 to CHnF has no effect.
If another event occurs between the read and write operations, the write operation has no
effect; therefore, CHnF remains set indicating an event has occurred. In this case, a CHnF
interrupt request is not lost due to the clearing sequence for a previous CHnF.
Address: Base address + 50h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CH7F
CH6F
CH5F
CH4F
CH3F
CH2F
CH1F
CH0F
W0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_STATUS field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
CH7F
Channel 7 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
6
CH6F
Channel 6 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
5
CH5F
Channel 5 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
4
CH4F
Channel 4 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
3
CH3F
Channel 3 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
2
CH2F
Channel 2 Flag
See the register description.
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_STATUS field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
1
CH1F
Channel 1 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
0
CH0F
Channel 0 Flag
See the register description.
0 No channel event has occurred.
1 A channel event has occurred.
37.3.10 Features Mode Selection (FTMx_MODE)
This register contains the global enable bit for FTM-specific features and the control bits
used to configure:
• Fault control mode and interrupt
• Capture Test mode
• PWM synchronization
• Write protection
• Channel output initialization
These controls relate to all channels within this module.
Address: Base address + 54h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
FAULTIE
FAULTM
CAPTEST
PWMSYNC
WPDIS
INIT
FTMEN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
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FTMx_MODE field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
FAULTIE
Fault Interrupt Enable
Enables the generation of an interrupt when a fault is detected by FTM and the FTM fault control is
enabled.
0 Fault control interrupt is disabled.
1 Fault control interrupt is enabled.
6–5
FAULTM
Fault Control Mode
Defines the FTM fault control mode.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
00 Fault control is disabled for all channels.
01 Fault control is enabled for even channels only (channels 0, 2, 4, and 6), and the selected mode is
the manual fault clearing.
10 Fault control is enabled for all channels, and the selected mode is the manual fault clearing.
11 Fault control is enabled for all channels, and the selected mode is the automatic fault clearing.
4
CAPTEST
Capture Test Mode Enable
Enables the capture test mode.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Capture test mode is disabled.
1 Capture test mode is enabled.
3
PWMSYNC
PWM Synchronization Mode
Selects which triggers can be used by MOD, CnV, OUTMASK, and FTM counter synchronization. See
PWM synchronization. The PWMSYNC bit configures the synchronization when SYNCMODE is 0.
0 No restrictions. Software and hardware triggers can be used by MOD, CnV, OUTMASK, and FTM
counter synchronization.
1 Software trigger can only be used by MOD and CnV synchronization, and hardware triggers can only
be used by OUTMASK and FTM counter synchronization.
2
WPDIS
Write Protection Disable
When write protection is enabled (WPDIS = 0), write protected bits cannot be written. When write
protection is disabled (WPDIS = 1), write protected bits can be written. The WPDIS bit is the negation of
the WPEN bit. WPDIS is cleared when 1 is written to WPEN. WPDIS is set when WPEN bit is read as a 1
and then 1 is written to WPDIS. Writing 0 to WPDIS has no effect.
0 Write protection is enabled.
1 Write protection is disabled.
1
INIT
Initialize The Channels Output
When a 1 is written to INIT bit the channels output is initialized according to the state of their
corresponding bit in the OUTINIT register. Writing a 0 to INIT bit has no effect.
The INIT bit is always read as 0.
0
FTMEN
FTM Enable
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_MODE field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 TPM compatibility. Free running counter and synchronization compatible with TPM.
1 Free running counter and synchronization are different from TPM behavior.
37.3.11 Synchronization (FTMx_SYNC)
This register configures the PWM synchronization.
A synchronization event can perform the synchronized update of MOD, CV, and
OUTMASK registers with the value of their write buffer and the FTM counter
initialization.
NOTE
The software trigger, SWSYNC bit, and hardware triggers
TRIG0, TRIG1, and TRIG2 bits have a potential conflict if
used together when SYNCMODE = 0. Use only hardware or
software triggers but not both at the same time, otherwise
unpredictable behavior is likely to happen.
The selection of the loading point, CNTMAX and CNTMIN
bits, is intended to provide the update of MOD, CNTIN, and
CnV registers across all enabled channels simultaneously. The
use of the loading point selection together with SYNCMODE =
0 and hardware trigger selection, TRIG0, TRIG1, or TRIG2
bits, is likely to result in unpredictable behavior.
The synchronization event selection also depends on the
PWMSYNC (MODE register) and SYNCMODE (SYNCONF
register) bits. See PWM synchronization.
Address: Base address + 58h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
SWSYNC
TRIG2
TRIG1
TRIG0
SYNCHOM
REINIT
CNTMAX
CNTMIN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_SYNC field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
SWSYNC
PWM Synchronization Software Trigger
Selects the software trigger as the PWM synchronization trigger. The software trigger happens when a 1 is
written to SWSYNC bit.
0 Software trigger is not selected.
1 Software trigger is selected.
6
TRIG2
PWM Synchronization Hardware Trigger 2
Enables hardware trigger 2 to the PWM synchronization. Hardware trigger 2 happens when a rising edge
is detected at the trigger 2 input signal.
0 Trigger is disabled.
1 Trigger is enabled.
5
TRIG1
PWM Synchronization Hardware Trigger 1
Enables hardware trigger 1 to the PWM synchronization. Hardware trigger 1 happens when a rising edge
is detected at the trigger 1 input signal.
0 Trigger is disabled.
1 Trigger is enabled.
4
TRIG0
PWM Synchronization Hardware Trigger 0
Enables hardware trigger 0 to the PWM synchronization. Hardware trigger 0 occurs when a rising edge is
detected at the trigger 0 input signal.
0 Trigger is disabled.
1 Trigger is enabled.
3
SYNCHOM
Output Mask Synchronization
Selects when the OUTMASK register is updated with the value of its buffer.
0 OUTMASK register is updated with the value of its buffer in all rising edges of the system clock.
1 OUTMASK register is updated with the value of its buffer only by the PWM synchronization.
2
REINIT
FTM Counter Reinitialization By Synchronization (FTM counter synchronization)
Determines if the FTM counter is reinitialized when the selected trigger for the synchronization is detected.
The REINIT bit configures the synchronization when SYNCMODE is zero.
0 FTM counter continues to count normally.
1 FTM counter is updated with its initial value when the selected trigger is detected.
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_SYNC field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
CNTMAX
Maximum Loading Point Enable
Selects the maximum loading point to PWM synchronization. See Boundary cycle and loading points. If
CNTMAX is 1, the selected loading point is when the FTM counter reaches its maximum value (MOD
register).
0 The maximum loading point is disabled.
1 The maximum loading point is enabled.
0
CNTMIN
Minimum Loading Point Enable
Selects the minimum loading point to PWM synchronization. See Boundary cycle and loading points. If
CNTMIN is one, the selected loading point is when the FTM counter reaches its minimum value (CNTIN
register).
0 The minimum loading point is disabled.
1 The minimum loading point is enabled.
37.3.12 Initial State For Channels Output (FTMx_OUTINIT)
Address: Base address + 5Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CH7OI
CH6OI
CH5OI
CH4OI
CH3OI
CH2OI
CH1OI
CH0OI
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_OUTINIT field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
CH7OI
Channel 7 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
6
CH6OI
Channel 6 Output Initialization Value
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_OUTINIT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
5
CH5OI
Channel 5 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
4
CH4OI
Channel 4 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
3
CH3OI
Channel 3 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
2
CH2OI
Channel 2 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
1
CH1OI
Channel 1 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
0
CH0OI
Channel 0 Output Initialization Value
Selects the value that is forced into the channel output when the initialization occurs.
0 The initialization value is 0.
1 The initialization value is 1.
37.3.13 Output Mask (FTMx_OUTMASK)
This register provides a mask for each FTM channel. The mask of a channel determines if
its output responds, that is, it is masked or not, when a match occurs. This feature is used
for BLDC control where the PWM signal is presented to an electric motor at specific
times to provide electronic commutation.
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Any write to the OUTMASK register, stores the value in its write buffer. The register is
updated with the value of its write buffer according to PWM synchronization.
Address: Base address + 60h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
CH7OM
CH6OM
CH5OM
CH4OM
CH3OM
CH2OM
CH1OM
CH0OM
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_OUTMASK field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
CH7OM
Channel 7 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
6
CH6OM
Channel 6 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
5
CH5OM
Channel 5 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
4
CH4OM
Channel 4 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
3
CH3OM
Channel 3 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_OUTMASK field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
2
CH2OM
Channel 2 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
1
CH1OM
Channel 1 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
0
CH0OM
Channel 0 Output Mask
Defines if the channel output is masked or unmasked.
0 Channel output is not masked. It continues to operate normally.
1 Channel output is masked. It is forced to its inactive state.
37.3.14 Function For Linked Channels (FTMx_COMBINE)
This register contains the control bits used to configure the fault control, synchronization,
deadtime insertion, Dual Edge Capture mode, Complementary, and Combine mode for
each pair of channels (n) and (n+1), where n equals 0, 2, 4, and 6.
Address: Base address + 64h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
FAULTEN3
SYNCEN3
DTEN3
DECAP3
DECAPEN3
COMP3
COMBINE3
0
FAULTEN2
SYNCEN2
DTEN2
DECAP2
DECAPEN2
COMP2
COMBINE2
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
FAULTEN1
SYNCEN1
DTEN1
DECAP1
DECAPEN1
COMP1
COMBINE1
0
FAULTEN0
SYNCEN0
DTEN0
DECAP0
DECAPEN0
COMP0
COMBINE0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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FTMx_COMBINE field descriptions
Field Description
31
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
30
FAULTEN3
Fault Control Enable For n = 6
Enables the fault control in channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault control in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The fault control in this pair of channels is enabled.
29
SYNCEN3
Synchronization Enable For n = 6
Enables PWM synchronization of registers C(n)V and C(n+1)V.
0 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is enabled.
28
DTEN3
Deadtime Enable For n = 6
Enables the deadtime insertion in the channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is enabled.
27
DECAP3
Dual Edge Capture Mode Captures For n = 6
Enables the capture of the FTM counter value according to the channel (n) input event and the
configuration of the dual edge capture bits.
This field applies only when DECAPEN = 1.
DECAP bit is cleared automatically by hardware if dual edge capture – one-shot mode is selected and
when the capture of channel (n+1) event is made.
0 The dual edge captures are inactive.
1 The dual edge captures are active.
26
DECAPEN3
Dual Edge Capture Mode Enable For n = 6
Enables the Dual Edge Capture mode in the channels (n) and (n+1). This bit reconfigures the function of
MSnA, ELSnB:ELSnA and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits in Dual Edge Capture mode according to Table
37-2.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is enabled.
25
COMP3
Complement Of Channel (n) for n = 6
Enables Complementary mode for the combined channels. In Complementary mode the channel (n+1)
output is the inverse of the channel (n) output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel (n+1) output is the same as the channel (n) output.
1 The channel (n+1) output is the complement of the channel (n) output.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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FTMx_COMBINE field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
24
COMBINE3
Combine Channels For n = 6
Enables the combine feature for channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Channels (n) and (n+1) are independent.
1 Channels (n) and (n+1) are combined.
23
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
22
FAULTEN2
Fault Control Enable For n = 4
Enables the fault control in channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault control in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The fault control in this pair of channels is enabled.
21
SYNCEN2
Synchronization Enable For n = 4
Enables PWM synchronization of registers C(n)V and C(n+1)V.
0 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is enabled.
20
DTEN2
Deadtime Enable For n = 4
Enables the deadtime insertion in the channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is enabled.
19
DECAP2
Dual Edge Capture Mode Captures For n = 4
Enables the capture of the FTM counter value according to the channel (n) input event and the
configuration of the dual edge capture bits.
This field applies only when DECAPEN = 1.
DECAP bit is cleared automatically by hardware if dual edge capture – one-shot mode is selected and
when the capture of channel (n+1) event is made.
0 The dual edge captures are inactive.
1 The dual edge captures are active.
18
DECAPEN2
Dual Edge Capture Mode Enable For n = 4
Enables the Dual Edge Capture mode in the channels (n) and (n+1). This bit reconfigures the function of
MSnA, ELSnB:ELSnA and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits in Dual Edge Capture mode according to Table
37-2.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is enabled.
17
COMP2
Complement Of Channel (n) For n = 4
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FTMx_COMBINE field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Enables Complementary mode for the combined channels. In Complementary mode the channel (n+1)
output is the inverse of the channel (n) output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel (n+1) output is the same as the channel (n) output.
1 The channel (n+1) output is the complement of the channel (n) output.
16
COMBINE2
Combine Channels For n = 4
Enables the combine feature for channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Channels (n) and (n+1) are independent.
1 Channels (n) and (n+1) are combined.
15
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
14
FAULTEN1
Fault Control Enable For n = 2
Enables the fault control in channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault control in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The fault control in this pair of channels is enabled.
13
SYNCEN1
Synchronization Enable For n = 2
Enables PWM synchronization of registers C(n)V and C(n+1)V.
0 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is enabled.
12
DTEN1
Deadtime Enable For n = 2
Enables the deadtime insertion in the channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is enabled.
11
DECAP1
Dual Edge Capture Mode Captures For n = 2
Enables the capture of the FTM counter value according to the channel (n) input event and the
configuration of the dual edge capture bits.
This field applies only when DECAPEN = 1.
DECAP bit is cleared automatically by hardware if Dual Edge Capture – One-Shot mode is selected and
when the capture of channel (n+1) event is made.
0 The dual edge captures are inactive.
1 The dual edge captures are active.
10
DECAPEN1
Dual Edge Capture Mode Enable For n = 2
Enables the Dual Edge Capture mode in the channels (n) and (n+1). This bit reconfigures the function of
MSnA, ELSnB:ELSnA and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits in Dual Edge Capture mode according to Table
37-2.
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_COMBINE field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is enabled.
9
COMP1
Complement Of Channel (n) For n = 2
Enables Complementary mode for the combined channels. In Complementary mode the channel (n+1)
output is the inverse of the channel (n) output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel (n+1) output is the same as the channel (n) output.
1 The channel (n+1) output is the complement of the channel (n) output.
8
COMBINE1
Combine Channels For n = 2
Enables the combine feature for channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Channels (n) and (n+1) are independent.
1 Channels (n) and (n+1) are combined.
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6
FAULTEN0
Fault Control Enable For n = 0
Enables the fault control in channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault control in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The fault control in this pair of channels is enabled.
5
SYNCEN0
Synchronization Enable For n = 0
Enables PWM synchronization of registers C(n)V and C(n+1)V.
0 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The PWM synchronization in this pair of channels is enabled.
4
DTEN0
Deadtime Enable For n = 0
Enables the deadtime insertion in the channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The deadtime insertion in this pair of channels is enabled.
3
DECAP0
Dual Edge Capture Mode Captures For n = 0
Enables the capture of the FTM counter value according to the channel (n) input event and the
configuration of the dual edge capture bits.
This field applies only when DECAPEN = 1.
DECAP bit is cleared automatically by hardware if dual edge capture – one-shot mode is selected and
when the capture of channel (n+1) event is made.
0 The dual edge captures are inactive.
1 The dual edge captures are active.
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FTMx_COMBINE field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
2
DECAPEN0
Dual Edge Capture Mode Enable For n = 0
Enables the Dual Edge Capture mode in the channels (n) and (n+1). This bit reconfigures the function of
MSnA, ELSnB:ELSnA and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits in Dual Edge Capture mode according to Table
37-2.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is disabled.
1 The Dual Edge Capture mode in this pair of channels is enabled.
1
COMP0
Complement Of Channel (n) For n = 0
Enables Complementary mode for the combined channels. In Complementary mode the channel (n+1)
output is the inverse of the channel (n) output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel (n+1) output is the same as the channel (n) output.
1 The channel (n+1) output is the complement of the channel (n) output.
0
COMBINE0
Combine Channels For n = 0
Enables the combine feature for channels (n) and (n+1).
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Channels (n) and (n+1) are independent.
1 Channels (n) and (n+1) are combined.
37.3.15 Deadtime Insertion Control (FTMx_DEADTIME)
This register selects the deadtime prescaler factor and deadtime value. All FTM channels
use this clock prescaler and this deadtime value for the deadtime insertion.
Address: Base address + 68h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0DTPS DTVAL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_DEADTIME field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–6
DTPS
Deadtime Prescaler Value
Selects the division factor of the system clock. This prescaled clock is used by the deadtime counter.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0x Divide the system clock by 1.
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FTMx_DEADTIME field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
10 Divide the system clock by 4.
11 Divide the system clock by 16.
DTVAL Deadtime Value
Selects the deadtime insertion value for the deadtime counter. The deadtime counter is clocked by a
scaled version of the system clock. See the description of DTPS.
Deadtime insert value = (DTPS × DTVAL).
DTVAL selects the number of deadtime counts inserted as follows:
When DTVAL is 0, no counts are inserted.
When DTVAL is 1, 1 count is inserted.
When DTVAL is 2, 2 counts are inserted.
This pattern continues up to a possible 63 counts.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
37.3.16 FTM External Trigger (FTMx_EXTTRIG)
This register:
• Indicates when a channel trigger was generated
• Enables the generation of a trigger when the FTM counter is equal to its initial value
• Selects which channels are used in the generation of the channel triggers
Several channels can be selected to generate multiple triggers in one PWM period. See
Channel trigger output and Initialization trigger.
Channels 6 and 7 are not used to generate channel triggers.
Address: Base address + 6Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
Reserved
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
Reserved
TRIGF
INITTRIGEN
CH1TRIG
CH0TRIG
CH5TRIG
CH4TRIG
CH3TRIG
CH2TRIG
W0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_EXTTRIG field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
7
TRIGF
Channel Trigger Flag
Set by hardware when a channel trigger is generated. Clear TRIGF by reading EXTTRIG while TRIGF is
set and then writing a 0 to TRIGF. Writing a 1 to TRIGF has no effect.
If another channel trigger is generated before the clearing sequence is completed, the sequence is reset
so TRIGF remains set after the clear sequence is completed for the earlier TRIGF.
0 No channel trigger was generated.
1 A channel trigger was generated.
6
INITTRIGEN
Initialization Trigger Enable
Enables the generation of the trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CNTIN register.
0 The generation of initialization trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of initialization trigger is enabled.
5
CH1TRIG
Channel 1 Trigger Enable
Enables the generation of the channel trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CnV register.
0 The generation of the channel trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of the channel trigger is enabled.
4
CH0TRIG
Channel 0 Trigger Enable
Enables the generation of the channel trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CnV register.
0 The generation of the channel trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of the channel trigger is enabled.
3
CH5TRIG
Channel 5 Trigger Enable
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FTMx_EXTTRIG field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Enables the generation of the channel trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CnV register.
0 The generation of the channel trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of the channel trigger is enabled.
2
CH4TRIG
Channel 4 Trigger Enable
Enables the generation of the channel trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CnV register.
0 The generation of the channel trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of the channel trigger is enabled.
1
CH3TRIG
Channel 3 Trigger Enable
Enables the generation of the channel trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CnV register.
0 The generation of the channel trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of the channel trigger is enabled.
0
CH2TRIG
Channel 2 Trigger Enable
Enables the generation of the channel trigger when the FTM counter is equal to the CnV register.
0 The generation of the channel trigger is disabled.
1 The generation of the channel trigger is enabled.
37.3.17 Channels Polarity (FTMx_POL)
This register defines the output polarity of the FTM channels.
NOTE
The safe value that is driven in a channel output when the fault
control is enabled and a fault condition is detected is the
inactive state of the channel. That is, the safe value of a channel
is the value of its POL bit.
Address: Base address + 70h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RReserved
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RReserved POL7 POL6 POL5 POL4 POL3 POL2 POL1 POL0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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FTMx_POL field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
7
POL7
Channel 7 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
6
POL6
Channel 6 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
5
POL5
Channel 5 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
4
POL4
Channel 4 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
3
POL3
Channel 3 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
2
POL2
Channel 2 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
1
POL1
Channel 1 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
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FTMx_POL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
0
POL0
Channel 0 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the channel output.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The channel polarity is active high.
1 The channel polarity is active low.
37.3.18 Fault Mode Status (FTMx_FMS)
This register contains the fault detection flags, write protection enable bit, and the logic
OR of the enabled fault inputs.
Address: Base address + 74h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
FAULTF
WPEN
FAULTIN
0
FAULTF3
FAULTF2
FAULTF1
FAULTF0
W00 0 0 0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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FTMx_FMS field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
FAULTF
Fault Detection Flag
Represents the logic OR of the individual FAULTFj bits where j = 3, 2, 1, 0. Clear FAULTF by reading the
FMS register while FAULTF is set and then writing a 0 to FAULTF while there is no existing fault condition
at the enabled fault inputs. Writing a 1 to FAULTF has no effect.
If another fault condition is detected in an enabled fault input before the clearing sequence is completed,
the sequence is reset so FAULTF remains set after the clearing sequence is completed for the earlier fault
condition. FAULTF is also cleared when FAULTFj bits are cleared individually.
0 No fault condition was detected.
1 A fault condition was detected.
6
WPEN
Write Protection Enable
The WPEN bit is the negation of the WPDIS bit. WPEN is set when 1 is written to it. WPEN is cleared
when WPEN bit is read as a 1 and then 1 is written to WPDIS. Writing 0 to WPEN has no effect.
0 Write protection is disabled. Write protected bits can be written.
1 Write protection is enabled. Write protected bits cannot be written.
5
FAULTIN
Fault Inputs
Represents the logic OR of the enabled fault inputs after their filter (if their filter is enabled) when fault
control is enabled.
0 The logic OR of the enabled fault inputs is 0.
1 The logic OR of the enabled fault inputs is 1.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
FAULTF3
Fault Detection Flag 3
Set by hardware when fault control is enabled, the corresponding fault input is enabled and a fault
condition is detected at the fault input.
Clear FAULTF3 by reading the FMS register while FAULTF3 is set and then writing a 0 to FAULTF3 while
there is no existing fault condition at the corresponding fault input. Writing a 1 to FAULTF3 has no effect.
FAULTF3 bit is also cleared when FAULTF bit is cleared.
If another fault condition is detected at the corresponding fault input before the clearing sequence is
completed, the sequence is reset so FAULTF3 remains set after the clearing sequence is completed for
the earlier fault condition.
0 No fault condition was detected at the fault input.
1 A fault condition was detected at the fault input.
2
FAULTF2
Fault Detection Flag 2
Set by hardware when fault control is enabled, the corresponding fault input is enabled and a fault
condition is detected at the fault input.
Clear FAULTF2 by reading the FMS register while FAULTF2 is set and then writing a 0 to FAULTF2 while
there is no existing fault condition at the corresponding fault input. Writing a 1 to FAULTF2 has no effect.
FAULTF2 bit is also cleared when FAULTF bit is cleared.
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FTMx_FMS field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
If another fault condition is detected at the corresponding fault input before the clearing sequence is
completed, the sequence is reset so FAULTF2 remains set after the clearing sequence is completed for
the earlier fault condition.
0 No fault condition was detected at the fault input.
1 A fault condition was detected at the fault input.
1
FAULTF1
Fault Detection Flag 1
Set by hardware when fault control is enabled, the corresponding fault input is enabled and a fault
condition is detected at the fault input.
Clear FAULTF1 by reading the FMS register while FAULTF1 is set and then writing a 0 to FAULTF1 while
there is no existing fault condition at the corresponding fault input. Writing a 1 to FAULTF1 has no effect.
FAULTF1 bit is also cleared when FAULTF bit is cleared.
If another fault condition is detected at the corresponding fault input before the clearing sequence is
completed, the sequence is reset so FAULTF1 remains set after the clearing sequence is completed for
the earlier fault condition.
0 No fault condition was detected at the fault input.
1 A fault condition was detected at the fault input.
0
FAULTF0
Fault Detection Flag 0
Set by hardware when fault control is enabled, the corresponding fault input is enabled and a fault
condition is detected at the fault input.
Clear FAULTF0 by reading the FMS register while FAULTF0 is set and then writing a 0 to FAULTF0 while
there is no existing fault condition at the corresponding fault input. Writing a 1 to FAULTF0 has no effect.
FAULTF0 bit is also cleared when FAULTF bit is cleared.
If another fault condition is detected at the corresponding fault input before the clearing sequence is
completed, the sequence is reset so FAULTF0 remains set after the clearing sequence is completed for
the earlier fault condition.
0 No fault condition was detected at the fault input.
1 A fault condition was detected at the fault input.
37.3.19 Input Capture Filter Control (FTMx_FILTER)
This register selects the filter value for the inputs of channels.
Channels 4, 5, 6 and 7 do not have an input filter.
NOTE
Writing to the FILTER register has immediate effect and must
be done only when the channels 0, 1, 2, and 3 are not in input
modes. Failure to do this could result in a missing valid signal.
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Address: Base address + 78h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RReserved CH3FVAL CH2FVAL CH1FVAL CH0FVAL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_FILTER field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
15–12
CH3FVAL
Channel 3 Input Filter
Selects the filter value for the channel input.
The filter is disabled when the value is zero.
11–8
CH2FVAL
Channel 2 Input Filter
Selects the filter value for the channel input.
The filter is disabled when the value is zero.
7–4
CH1FVAL
Channel 1 Input Filter
Selects the filter value for the channel input.
The filter is disabled when the value is zero.
CH0FVAL Channel 0 Input Filter
Selects the filter value for the channel input.
The filter is disabled when the value is zero.
37.3.20 Fault Control (FTMx_FLTCTRL)
This register selects the filter value for the fault inputs, enables the fault inputs and the
fault inputs filter.
Address: Base address + 7Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
FFVAL
FFLTR3EN
FFLTR2EN
FFLTR1EN
FFLTR0EN
FAULT3EN
FAULT2EN
FAULT1EN
FAULT0EN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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FTMx_FLTCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
31–12
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
11–8
FFVAL
Fault Input Filter
Selects the filter value for the fault inputs.
The fault filter is disabled when the value is zero.
NOTE: Writing to this field has immediate effect and must be done only when the fault control or all fault
inputs are disabled. Failure to do this could result in a missing fault detection.
7
FFLTR3EN
Fault Input 3 Filter Enable
Enables the filter for the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input filter is disabled.
1 Fault input filter is enabled.
6
FFLTR2EN
Fault Input 2 Filter Enable
Enables the filter for the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input filter is disabled.
1 Fault input filter is enabled.
5
FFLTR1EN
Fault Input 1 Filter Enable
Enables the filter for the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input filter is disabled.
1 Fault input filter is enabled.
4
FFLTR0EN
Fault Input 0 Filter Enable
Enables the filter for the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input filter is disabled.
1 Fault input filter is enabled.
3
FAULT3EN
Fault Input 3 Enable
Enables the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input is disabled.
1 Fault input is enabled.
2
FAULT2EN
Fault Input 2 Enable
Enables the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input is disabled.
1 Fault input is enabled.
Table continues on the next page...
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FTMx_FLTCTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
FAULT1EN
Fault Input 1 Enable
Enables the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input is disabled.
1 Fault input is enabled.
0
FAULT0EN
Fault Input 0 Enable
Enables the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Fault input is disabled.
1 Fault input is enabled.
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37.3.21 Quadrature Decoder Control And Status (FTMx_QDCTRL)
This register has the control and status bits for the Quadrature Decoder mode.
Address: Base address + 80h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
PHAFLTREN
PHBFLTREN
PHAPOL
PHBPOL
QUADMODE
QUADIR
TOFDIR
QUADEN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_QDCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
PHAFLTREN
Phase A Input Filter Enable
Enables the filter for the quadrature decoder phase A input. The filter value for the phase A input is
defined by the CH0FVAL field of FILTER. The phase A filter is also disabled when CH0FVAL is zero.
0 Phase A input filter is disabled.
1 Phase A input filter is enabled.
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FTMx_QDCTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
6
PHBFLTREN
Phase B Input Filter Enable
Enables the filter for the quadrature decoder phase B input. The filter value for the phase B input is
defined by the CH1FVAL field of FILTER. The phase B filter is also disabled when CH1FVAL is zero.
0 Phase B input filter is disabled.
1 Phase B input filter is enabled.
5
PHAPOL
Phase A Input Polarity
Selects the polarity for the quadrature decoder phase A input.
0 Normal polarity. Phase A input signal is not inverted before identifying the rising and falling edges of
this signal.
1 Inverted polarity. Phase A input signal is inverted before identifying the rising and falling edges of this
signal.
4
PHBPOL
Phase B Input Polarity
Selects the polarity for the quadrature decoder phase B input.
0 Normal polarity. Phase B input signal is not inverted before identifying the rising and falling edges of
this signal.
1 Inverted polarity. Phase B input signal is inverted before identifying the rising and falling edges of this
signal.
3
QUADMODE
Quadrature Decoder Mode
Selects the encoding mode used in the Quadrature Decoder mode.
0 Phase A and phase B encoding mode.
1 Count and direction encoding mode.
2
QUADIR
FTM Counter Direction In Quadrature Decoder Mode
Indicates the counting direction.
0 Counting direction is decreasing (FTM counter decrement).
1 Counting direction is increasing (FTM counter increment).
1
TOFDIR
Timer Overflow Direction In Quadrature Decoder Mode
Indicates if the TOF bit was set on the top or the bottom of counting.
0 TOF bit was set on the bottom of counting. There was an FTM counter decrement and FTM counter
changes from its minimum value (CNTIN register) to its maximum value (MOD register).
1 TOF bit was set on the top of counting. There was an FTM counter increment and FTM counter
changes from its maximum value (MOD register) to its minimum value (CNTIN register).
0
QUADEN
Quadrature Decoder Mode Enable
Enables the Quadrature Decoder mode. In this mode, the phase A and B input signals control the FTM
counter direction. The Quadrature Decoder mode has precedence over the other modes. See Table 37-2.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 Quadrature Decoder mode is disabled.
1 Quadrature Decoder mode is enabled.
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37.3.22 Configuration (FTMx_CONF)
This register selects the number of times that the FTM counter overflow should occur
before the TOF bit to be set, the FTM behavior in BDM modes, the use of an external
global time base, and the global time base signal generation.
Address: Base address + 84h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
GTBEOUT
GTBEEN
0
BDMMODE
0
NUMTOF
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_CONF field descriptions
Field Description
31–11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
10
GTBEOUT
Global Time Base Output
Enables the global time base signal generation to other FTMs.
0 A global time base signal generation is disabled.
1A global time base signal generation is enabled.
9
GTBEEN
Global Time Base Enable
Configures the FTM to use an external global time base signal that is generated by another FTM.
0 Use of an external global time base is disabled.
1Use of an external global time base is enabled.
8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7–6
BDMMODE
BDM Mode
Selects the FTM behavior in BDM mode. See BDM mode.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
NUMTOF TOF Frequency
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FTMx_CONF field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Selects the ratio between the number of counter overflows to the number of times the TOF bit is set.
NUMTOF = 0: The TOF bit is set for each counter overflow.
NUMTOF = 1: The TOF bit is set for the first counter overflow but not for the next overflow.
NUMTOF = 2: The TOF bit is set for the first counter overflow but not for the next 2 overflows.
NUMTOF = 3: The TOF bit is set for the first counter overflow but not for the next 3 overflows.
This pattern continues up to a maximum of 31.
37.3.23 FTM Fault Input Polarity (FTMx_FLTPOL)
This register defines the fault inputs polarity.
Address: Base address + 88h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
FLT3POL
FLT2POL
FLT1POL
FLT0POL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_FLTPOL field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
FLT3POL
Fault Input 3 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault input polarity is active high. A 1 at the fault input indicates a fault.
1 The fault input polarity is active low. A 0 at the fault input indicates a fault.
2
FLT2POL
Fault Input 2 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
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FTMx_FLTPOL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The fault input polarity is active high. A 1 at the fault input indicates a fault.
1 The fault input polarity is active low. A 0 at the fault input indicates a fault.
1
FLT1POL
Fault Input 1 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault input polarity is active high. A 1 at the fault input indicates a fault.
1 The fault input polarity is active low. A 0 at the fault input indicates a fault.
0
FLT0POL
Fault Input 0 Polarity
Defines the polarity of the fault input.
This field is write protected. It can be written only when MODE[WPDIS] = 1.
0 The fault input polarity is active high. A 1 at the fault input indicates a fault.
1 The fault input polarity is active low. A 0 at the fault input indicates a fault.
37.3.24 Synchronization Configuration (FTMx_SYNCONF)
This register selects the PWM synchronization configuration, SWOCTRL, INVCTRL
and CNTIN registers synchronization, if FTM clears the TRIGj bit, where j = 0, 1, 2,
when the hardware trigger j is detected.
Address: Base address + 8Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
HWSOC
HWINVC
HWOM
HWWRBUF
HWRSTCNT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
SWSOC
SWINVC
SWOM
SWWRBUF
SWRSTCNT
SYNCMODE
0
SWOC
INVC
0
CNTINC
0
HWTRIGMOD
E
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_SYNCONF field descriptions
Field Description
31–21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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FTMx_SYNCONF field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
20
HWSOC
Software output control synchronization is activated by a hardware trigger.
0 A hardware trigger does not activate the SWOCTRL register synchronization.
1 A hardware trigger activates the SWOCTRL register synchronization.
19
HWINVC
Inverting control synchronization is activated by a hardware trigger.
0 A hardware trigger does not activate the INVCTRL register synchronization.
1 A hardware trigger activates the INVCTRL register synchronization.
18
HWOM
Output mask synchronization is activated by a hardware trigger.
0 A hardware trigger does not activate the OUTMASK register synchronization.
1 A hardware trigger activates the OUTMASK register synchronization.
17
HWWRBUF
MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers synchronization is activated by a hardware trigger.
0 A hardware trigger does not activate MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers synchronization.
1 A hardware trigger activates MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers synchronization.
16
HWRSTCNT
FTM counter synchronization is activated by a hardware trigger.
0 A hardware trigger does not activate the FTM counter synchronization.
1 A hardware trigger activates the FTM counter synchronization.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
SWSOC
Software output control synchronization is activated by the software trigger.
0 The software trigger does not activate the SWOCTRL register synchronization.
1 The software trigger activates the SWOCTRL register synchronization.
11
SWINVC
Inverting control synchronization is activated by the software trigger.
0 The software trigger does not activate the INVCTRL register synchronization.
1 The software trigger activates the INVCTRL register synchronization.
10
SWOM
Output mask synchronization is activated by the software trigger.
0 The software trigger does not activate the OUTMASK register synchronization.
1 The software trigger activates the OUTMASK register synchronization.
9
SWWRBUF
MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers synchronization is activated by the software trigger.
0 The software trigger does not activate MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers synchronization.
1 The software trigger activates MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers synchronization.
8
SWRSTCNT
FTM counter synchronization is activated by the software trigger.
0 The software trigger does not activate the FTM counter synchronization.
1 The software trigger activates the FTM counter synchronization.
7
SYNCMODE
Synchronization Mode
Selects the PWM Synchronization mode.
0 Legacy PWM synchronization is selected.
1 Enhanced PWM synchronization is selected.
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FTMx_SYNCONF field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
SWOC
SWOCTRL Register Synchronization
0 SWOCTRL register is updated with its buffer value at all rising edges of system clock.
1 SWOCTRL register is updated with its buffer value by the PWM synchronization.
4
INVC
INVCTRL Register Synchronization
0 INVCTRL register is updated with its buffer value at all rising edges of system clock.
1 INVCTRL register is updated with its buffer value by the PWM synchronization.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
CNTINC
CNTIN Register Synchronization
0 CNTIN register is updated with its buffer value at all rising edges of system clock.
1 CNTIN register is updated with its buffer value by the PWM synchronization.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
HWTRIGMODE
Hardware Trigger Mode
0 FTM clears the TRIGj bit when the hardware trigger j is detected, where j = 0, 1,2.
1 FTM does not clear the TRIGj bit when the hardware trigger j is detected, where j = 0, 1,2.
37.3.25 FTM Inverting Control (FTMx_INVCTRL)
This register controls when the channel (n) output becomes the channel (n+1) output, and
channel (n+1) output becomes the channel (n) output. Each INVmEN bit enables the
inverting operation for the corresponding pair channels m.
This register has a write buffer. The INVmEN bit is updated by the INVCTRL register
synchronization.
Address: Base address + 90h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
INV3EN
INV2EN
INV1EN
INV0EN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_INVCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
31–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
INV3EN
Pair Channels 3 Inverting Enable
0 Inverting is disabled.
1 Inverting is enabled.
2
INV2EN
Pair Channels 2 Inverting Enable
0 Inverting is disabled.
1 Inverting is enabled.
1
INV1EN
Pair Channels 1 Inverting Enable
0 Inverting is disabled.
1 Inverting is enabled.
0
INV0EN
Pair Channels 0 Inverting Enable
0 Inverting is disabled.
1 Inverting is enabled.
37.3.26 FTM Software Output Control (FTMx_SWOCTRL)
This register enables software control of channel (n) output and defines the value forced
to the channel (n) output:
• The CHnOC bits enable the control of the corresponding channel (n) output by
software.
• The CHnOCV bits select the value that is forced at the corresponding channel (n)
output.
This register has a write buffer. The fields are updated by the SWOCTRL register
synchronization.
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Address: Base address + 94h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
CH7OCV
CH6OCV
CH5OCV
CH4OCV
CH3OCV
CH2OCV
CH1OCV
CH0OCV
CH7OC
CH6OC
CH5OC
CH4OC
CH3OC
CH2OC
CH1OC
CH0OC
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_SWOCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15
CH7OCV
Channel 7 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
14
CH6OCV
Channel 6 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
13
CH5OCV
Channel 5 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
12
CH4OCV
Channel 4 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
11
CH3OCV
Channel 3 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
10
CH2OCV
Channel 2 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
9
CH1OCV
Channel 1 Software Output Control Value
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
8
CH0OCV
Channel 0 Software Output Control Value
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FTMx_SWOCTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The software output control forces 0 to the channel output.
1 The software output control forces 1 to the channel output.
7
CH7OC
Channel 7 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
6
CH6OC
Channel 6 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
5
CH5OC
Channel 5 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
4
CH4OC
Channel 4 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
3
CH3OC
Channel 3 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
2
CH2OC
Channel 2 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
1
CH1OC
Channel 1 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
0
CH0OC
Channel 0 Software Output Control Enable
0 The channel output is not affected by software output control.
1 The channel output is affected by software output control.
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37.3.27 FTM PWM Load (FTMx_PWMLOAD)
Enables the loading of the MOD, CNTIN, C(n)V, and C(n+1)V registers with the values
of their write buffers when the FTM counter changes from the MOD register value to its
next value or when a channel (j) match occurs. A match occurs for the channel (j) when
FTM counter = C(j)V.
Address: Base address + 98h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
LDOK
0
CH7SEL
CH6SEL
CH5SEL
CH4SEL
CH3SEL
CH2SEL
CH1SEL
CH0SEL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FTMx_PWMLOAD field descriptions
Field Description
31–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
9
LDOK
Load Enable
Enables the loading of the MOD, CNTIN, and CV registers with the values of their write buffers.
0 Loading updated values is disabled.
1 Loading updated values is enabled.
8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
CH7SEL
Channel 7 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
6
CH6SEL
Channel 6 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
5
CH5SEL
Channel 5 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
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FTMx_PWMLOAD field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
4
CH4SEL
Channel 4 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
3
CH3SEL
Channel 3 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
2
CH2SEL
Channel 2 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
1
CH1SEL
Channel 1 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
0
CH0SEL
Channel 0 Select
0 Do not include the channel in the matching process.
1 Include the channel in the matching process.
37.4 Functional description
The notation used in this document to represent the counters and the generation of the
signals is shown in the following figure.
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FTM counter
0
34 0 1 23 4 0 1 2 34 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
channel (n) output
counter
overflow channel (n)
match counter
overflow channel (n)
match channel (n)
match
counter
overflow
FTM counting is up.
Channel (n) is in high-true EPWM mode.
PS[2:0] = 001
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x0004
CnV = 0x0002
prescaler counter
Figure 37-2. Notation used
37.4.1 Clock source
The FTM has only one clock domain: the system clock.
37.4.1.1 Counter clock source
The CLKS[1:0] bits in the SC register selects clock sources for the FTM counter or
disables the FTM counter. After any chip reset, CLKS[1:0] = 0:0 so no clock source is
selected.
The CLKS[1:0] bits may be read or written at any time. Disabling the FTM counter by
writing 0:0 to the CLKS[1:0] bits does not affect the FTM counter value or other
registers.
The fixed frequency clock is an alternative clock source for the FTM counter that allows
the selection of a clock other than the system clock or an external clock. This clock input
is defined by chip integration; see the chip-specific FTM information for further details.
Due to FTM hardware implementation limitations, the frequency of the fixed frequency
clock must not exceed 1/2 of the system clock frequency.
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The external clock passes through a synchronizer clocked by the system clock to assure
that counter transitions are properly aligned to system clock transitions.Therefore, to
meet Nyquist criteria considering also jitter, the frequency of the external clock source
must not exceed 1/4 of the system clock frequency.
37.4.2 Prescaler
The selected counter clock source passes through a prescaler that is a 7-bit counter. The
value of the prescaler is selected by the PS[2:0] bits. The following figure shows an
example of the prescaler counter and FTM counter.
FTM counter
0
0
0
00
0 0
0 00 0 0
1
1 1
2 2
3 3
1
11 1 11 1 1
1
selected input clock
prescaler counter
FTM counting is up.
PS[2:0] = 001
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x0003
Figure 37-3. Example of the prescaler counter
37.4.3 Counter
The FTM has a 16-bit counter that is used by the channels either for input or output
modes. The FTM counter clock is the selected clock divided by the prescaler.
The FTM counter has these modes of operation:
•Up counting
•Up-down counting
•Quadrature Decoder mode
37.4.3.1 Up counting
Up counting is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0, and
• CPWMS = 0
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CNTIN defines the starting value of the count and MOD defines the final value of the
count, see the following figure. The value of CNTIN is loaded into the FTM counter, and
the counter increments until the value of MOD is reached, at which point the counter is
reloaded with the value of CNTIN.
The FTM period when using up counting is (MOD – CNTIN + 0x0001) × period of the
FTM counter clock.
The TOF bit is set when the FTM counter changes from MOD to CNTIN.
FTM counting is up.
FTM counter (in decimal values)
period of FTM counter clock
MOD = 0x0004
TOF bit
set TOF bit
set TOF bit set TOF bit
4-4 -3 -2 -1 -4 -3 -2 -1
0 1 234 0 1 23 4 -4 -3
CNTIN = 0xFFFC (in two's complement is equal to -4)
period of counting = (MOD - CNTIN + 0x0001) x period of FTM counter clock
Figure 37-4. Example of FTM up and signed counting
Table 37-4. FTM counting based on CNTIN value
When Then
CNTIN = 0x0000 The FTM counting is equivalent to TPM up counting, that is,
up and unsigned counting. See the following figure.
CNTIN[15] = 1 The initial value of the FTM counter is a negative number in
two's complement, so the FTM counting is up and signed.
CNTIN[15] = 0 and CNTIN ≠ 0x0000 The initial value of the FTM counter is a positive number, so
the FTM counting is up and unsigned.
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CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x0004
FTM counting is up
TOF bit
3400
1 12 2
3 3
44012
FTM counter
set TOF bit
period of FTM counter clock
period of counting = (MOD - CNTIN + 0x0001) x period of FTM counter clock
set TOF bit set TOF bit
= (MOD + 0x0001) x period of FTM counter clock
Figure 37-5. Example of FTM up counting with CNTIN = 0x0000
Note
• FTM operation is only valid when the value of the CNTIN
register is less than the value of the MOD register, either in
the unsigned counting or signed counting. It is the
responsibility of the software to ensure that the values in
the CNTIN and MOD registers meet this requirement. Any
values of CNTIN and MOD that do not satisfy this criteria
can result in unpredictable behavior.
• MOD = CNTIN is a redundant condition. In this case, the
FTM counter is always equal to MOD and the TOF bit is
set in each rising edge of the FTM counter clock.
• When MOD = 0x0000, CNTIN = 0x0000, for example
after reset, and FTMEN = 1, the FTM counter remains
stopped at 0x0000 until a non-zero value is written into the
MOD or CNTIN registers.
• Setting CNTIN to be greater than the value of MOD is not
recommended as this unusual setting may make the FTM
operation difficult to comprehend. However, there is no
restriction on this configuration, and an example is shown
in the following figure.
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FTM counter ...
...
FTM counting is up
TOF bit
0x0005 0x0015 0x0016 0xFFFE 0xFFFF 0x0000 0x0001 0x0002 0x0003 0x0004 0x0005 0x0015 0x0016
MOD = 0x0005
CNTIN = 0x0015
set TOF bit set TOF bit
load of CNTIN load of CNTIN
...
Figure 37-6. Example of up counting when the value of CNTIN is greater than the value
of MOD
37.4.3.2 Up-down counting
Up-down counting is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0, and
• CPWMS = 1
CNTIN defines the starting value of the count and MOD defines the final value of the
count. The value of CNTIN is loaded into the FTM counter, and the counter increments
until the value of MOD is reached, at which point the counter is decremented until it
returns to the value of CNTIN and the up-down counting restarts.
The FTM period when using up-down counting is 2 × (MOD – CNTIN) × period of the
FTM counter clock.
The TOF bit is set when the FTM counter changes from MOD to (MOD – 1).
If (CNTIN = 0x0000), the FTM counting is equivalent to TPM up-down counting, that is,
up-down and unsigned counting. See the following figure.
Functional description
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FTM counter 0 0 0
1 1 11 1
2 2 22 23 3 33 34 4 4
FTM counting is up-down
TOF bit
set TOF bit set TOF bit
period of FTM counter clock
period of counting = 2 x (MOD - CNTIN) x period of FTM counter clock
= 2 x MOD x period of FTM counter clock
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x0004
Figure 37-7. Example of up-down counting when CNTIN = 0x0000
Note
When CNTIN is different from zero in the up-down counting, a
valid CPWM signal is generated:
• if CnV > CNTIN, or
• if CnV = 0 or if CnV[15] = 1. In this case, 0% CPWM is
generated.
37.4.3.3 Free running counter
If (FTMEN = 0) and (MOD = 0x0000 or MOD = 0xFFFF), the FTM counter is a free
running counter. In this case, the FTM counter runs free from 0x0000 through 0xFFFF
and the TOF bit is set when the FTM counter changes from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. See the
following figure.
FTM counter 0x00040x0004 0xFFFE 0xFFFF
0x0003 0x0000 0x0001 0x0002 0x0003 0x0005 0x0006
TOF bit
... ... ...
FTMEN = 0
set TOF bit
MOD = 0x0000
Figure 37-8. Example when the FTM counter is free running
The FTM counter is also a free running counter when:
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• FTMEN = 1
• QUADEN = 0
• CPWMS = 0
• CNTIN = 0x0000, and
• MOD = 0xFFFF
37.4.3.4 Counter reset
Any one of the following cases resets the FTM counter to the value in the CNTIN register
and the channels output to its initial value, except for channels in Output Compare mode.
• Any write to CNT.
•FTM counter synchronization.
• A channel in Input Capture mode with ICRST = 1 (FTM Counter Reset in Input
Capture Mode).
37.4.3.5 When the TOF bit is set
The NUMTOF[4:0] bits define the number of times that the FTM counter overflow
should occur before the TOF bit to be set. If NUMTOF[4:0] = 0x00, then the TOF bit is
set at each FTM counter overflow.
Initialize the FTM counter, by writing to CNT, after writing to the NUMTOF[4:0] bits to
avoid confusion about when the first counter overflow will occur.
FTM counter
NUMTOF[4:0]
TOF counter
set TOF bit
0x01 0x02 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x00 0x01 0x02
0x02
Figure 37-9. Periodic TOF when NUMTOF = 0x02
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FTM counter
NUMTOF[4:0]
TOF counter
set TOF bit
0x00
0x00
Figure 37-10. Periodic TOF when NUMTOF = 0x00
37.4.4 Input Capture mode
The Input Capture mode is selected when:
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMBINE = 0
• CPWMS = 0
• MSnB:MSnA = 0:0, and
• ELSnB:ELSnA ≠ 0:0
When a selected edge occurs on the channel input, the current value of the FTM counter
is captured into the CnV register, at the same time the CHnF bit is set and the channel
interrupt is generated if enabled by CHnIE = 1. See the following figure.
When a channel is configured for input capture, the FTMxCHn pin is an edge-sensitive
input. ELSnB:ELSnA control bits determine which edge, falling or rising, triggers input-
capture event. Note that the maximum frequency for the channel input signal to be
detected correctly is system clock divided by 4, which is required to meet Nyquist criteria
for signal sampling.
Writes to the CnV register is ignored in Input Capture mode.
While in BDM, the input capture function works as configured. When a selected edge
event occurs, the FTM counter value, which is frozen because of BDM, is captured into
the CnV register and the CHnF bit is set.
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channel (n) input
synchronizer
1
is filter
enabled?
edge
detector
was falling
edge selected?
was rising
edge selected?
rising edge
falling edge
0
1
1
0
0 0
CnV
FTM counter
DQ
CLK
DQ
CLK
system clock
channel (n) interrupt
CHnIE
CHnF
Filter*
0
* Filtering function is only available in the inputs of channel 0, 1, 2, and 3
Figure 37-11. Input Capture mode
If the channel input does not have a filter enabled, then the input signal is always delayed
3 rising edges of the system clock, that is, two rising edges to the synchronizer plus one
more rising edge to the edge detector. In other words, the CHnF bit is set on the third
rising edge of the system clock after a valid edge occurs on the channel input.
37.4.4.1 Filter for Input Capture mode
The filter function is only available on channels 0, 1, 2, and 3.
First, the input signal is synchronized by the system clock. Following synchronization,
the input signal enters the filter block. See the following figure.
system clock
filter counter Logic to define
the filter output
filter output
divided by 4
channel (n) input after
the synchronizer
Logic to control
the filter counter
CHnFVAL[3:0]
C
SQ
CLK
Figure 37-12. Channel input filter
When there is a state change in the input signal, the counter is reset and starts counting
up. As long as the new state is stable on the input, the counter continues to increment.
When the counter is equal to CHnFVAL[3:0], the state change of the input signal is
validated. It is then transmitted as a pulse edge to the edge detector.
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If the opposite edge appears on the input signal before it can be validated, the counter is
reset. At the next input transition, the counter starts counting again. Any pulse that is
shorter than the minimum value selected by CHnFVAL[3:0] (× 4 system clocks) is
regarded as a glitch and is not passed on to the edge detector. A timing diagram of the
input filter is shown in the following figure.
The filter function is disabled when CHnFVAL[3:0] bits are zero. In this case, the input
signal is delayed 3 rising edges of the system clock. If (CHnFVAL[3:0] ≠ 0000), then the
input signal is delayed by the minimum pulse width (CHnFVAL[3:0] × 4 system clocks)
plus a further 4 rising edges of the system clock: two rising edges to the synchronizer,
one rising edge to the filter output, plus one more to the edge detector. In other words,
CHnF is set (4 + 4 × CHnFVAL[3:0]) system clock periods after a valid edge occurs on
the channel input.
The clock for the counter in the channel input filter is the system clock divided by 4.
CHnFVAL[3:0] = 0100
(binary value)
channel (n) input
after the synchronizer
counte r
filter output *
system clock divided by 4
Time
* Note: Filter output is delayed one system clock of filter counter logic output.
Figure 37-13. Channel input filter example
The figure below shows an example of input capture with filter enabled and the delay
added by each part of the input capture logic. Note that the input signal is delayed only by
the synchronizer and edge dector logic if the filter is disabled.
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system clock
channel (n) input
FTM counter
CHnFVAL[3:0]
filter counter
C(n)V
CHnF
12345678910111213
2
1 2 1
0 12
filter output
synchronizer delay filter counter delay
filter
output
delay
edge
detector
delay
Figure 37-14. Input capture example
37.4.4.2 FTM Counter Reset in Input Capture Mode
If the channel (n) is in input capture mode and FTMx_CnSC [ICRST = 1], then when the
selected input capture event occurs in the channel (n) input signal, the current value of the
FTM counter is captured into the CnV register, the CHnF bit is set, the channel (n)
interrupt is generated (if CHnIE = 1) and the FTM counter is reset to the CNTIN register
value.
This allows the FTM to measure a period/pulse being applied to FTM_CHn ( counts of
the FTM clock input) without having to implement a subtraction calculation in software
subsequent to the event occurring.
The figure below shows the FTM counter reset when the selected input capture event is
detected in a channel in input capture mode with ICRST = 1.
Functional description
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850 NXP Semiconductors
system clock
CNT
channel (n) input
CHnF bit
C(n)V XX 0x27
selected channel (n) input event: rising edge
NOTE
Channel (n) input after its synchronizer and filter
MOD = 0xFFFF
CNTIN = 0x0000
PS[2:0] = 3'b000
ICRST = 1'b1
... 0x27 ...
0x00 0x01 0x02 0x030x260x250x240x230x220x210x20
Figure 37-15. Example of the Input Capture mode with ICRST = 1
NOTE
• It is expected that the ICRST bit be set only when the channel is in input capture
mode.
• In this case, if the FTM counter is reset, then the prescaler counter (Prescaler) and the
TOF counter (When the TOF bit is set) also are reset.
37.4.5 Output Compare mode
The Output Compare mode is selected when:
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMBINE = 0
• CPWMS = 0, and
• MSnB:MSnA = 0:1
In Output Compare mode, the FTM can generate timed pulses with programmable
position, polarity, duration, and frequency. When the counter matches the value in the
CnV register of an output compare channel, the channel (n) output can be set, cleared, or
toggled.
When a channel is initially configured to Toggle mode, the previous value of the channel
output is held until the first output compare event occurs.
The CHnF bit is set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated if CHnIE = 1 at the channel
(n) match (FTM counter = CnV).
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TOF bit
...
... 01 1 1
22
3 3
4 45 5
0 0
previous value
previous value
channel (n) output
counter
overflow
counter
overflow
counter
overflow
channel (n)
match
channel (n)
match
CNT
MOD = 0x0005
CnV = 0x0003
CHnF bit
Figure 37-16. Example of the Output Compare mode when the match toggles the
channel output
TOF bit
...
... 01 1 1
22
3 3
4 45 5
0 0
previous value
previous value
channel (n) output
counter
overflow counter
overflow counter
overflow
channel (n)
match channel (n)
match
CNT
MOD = 0x0005
CnV = 0x0003
CHnF bit
Figure 37-17. Example of the Output Compare mode when the match clears the channel
output
channel (n) output
CHnF bit
TOF bit
CNT
MOD = 0x0005
CnV = 0x0003
counter
overflow
channel (n)
match
counter
overflow
channel (n)
match
counter
overflow
... 0123 4 5 01234501...
previous value
previous value
Figure 37-18. Example of the Output Compare mode when the match sets the channel
output
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = 0:0) when the counter reaches the value in the CnV register, the
CHnF bit is set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated if CHnIE = 1, however the
channel (n) output is not modified and controlled by FTM.
37.4.6 Edge-Aligned PWM (EPWM) mode
The Edge-Aligned mode is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0
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852 NXP Semiconductors
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMBINE = 0
• CPWMS = 0, and
• MSnB = 1
The EPWM period is determined by (MOD − CNTIN + 0x0001) and the pulse width
(duty cycle) is determined by (CnV − CNTIN).
The CHnF bit is set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated if CHnIE = 1 at the channel
(n) match (FTM counter = CnV), that is, at the end of the pulse width.
This type of PWM signal is called edge-aligned because the leading edges of all PWM
signals are aligned with the beginning of the period, which is the same for all channels
within an FTM.
period
counter overflow counter overflow counter overflow
channel (n) output
channel (n) match channel (n) match channel (n) match
pulse
width
Figure 37-19. EPWM period and pulse width with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = 0:0) when the counter reaches the value in the CnV register, the
CHnF bit is set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated if CHnIE = 1, however the
channel (n) output is not controlled by FTM.
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0), then the channel (n) output is forced high at the counter
overflow when the CNTIN register value is loaded into the FTM counter, and it is forced
low at the channel (n) match (FTM counter = CnV). See the following figure.
TOF bit
CHnF bit
CNT
channel (n) output
MOD = 0x0008
CnV = 0x0005
counter
overflow channel (n)
match counter
overflow
...
0 1 2345678012
...
previous value
Figure 37-20. EPWM signal with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1), then the channel (n) output is forced low at the counter
overflow when the CNTIN register value is loaded into the FTM counter, and it is forced
high at the channel (n) match (FTM counter = CnV). See the following figure.
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TOF bit
CHnF bit
CNT
channel (n) output
MOD = 0x0008
CnV = 0x0005 counter
overflow channel (n)
match counter
overflow
...
0 1 2345678012
...
previous value
Figure 37-21. EPWM signal with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
If (CnV = 0x0000), then the channel (n) output is a 0% duty cycle EPWM signal and
CHnF bit is not set even when there is the channel (n) match.
If (CnV > MOD), then the channel (n) output is a 100% duty cycle EPWM signal and
CHnF bit is not set.Therefore, MOD must be less than 0xFFFF in order to get a 100%
duty cycle EPWM signal.
Note
When CNTIN is different from zero the following EPWM
signals can be generated:
• 0% EPWM signal if CnV = CNTIN,
• EPWM signal between 0% and 100% if CNTIN < CnV <=
MOD,
• 100% EPWM signal when CNTIN > CnV or CnV > MOD.
37.4.7 Center-Aligned PWM (CPWM) mode
The Center-Aligned mode is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMBINE = 0, and
• CPWMS = 1
The CPWM pulse width (duty cycle) is determined by 2 × (CnV − CNTIN) and the
period is determined by 2 × (MOD − CNTIN). See the following figure. MOD must be
kept in the range of 0x0001 to 0x7FFF because values outside this range can produce
ambiguous results.
In the CPWM mode, the FTM counter counts up until it reaches MOD and then counts
down until it reaches CNTIN.
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The CHnF bit is set and channel (n) interrupt is generated (if CHnIE = 1) at the channel
(n) match (FTM counter = CnV) when the FTM counting is down (at the begin of the
pulse width) and when the FTM counting is up (at the end of the pulse width).
This type of PWM signal is called center-aligned because the pulse width centers for all
channels are aligned with the value of CNTIN.
The other channel modes are not compatible with the up-down counter (CPWMS = 1).
Therefore, all FTM channels must be used in CPWM mode when (CPWMS = 1).
pulse width
counter overflow
FTM counter =
MOD
period
2 x (CnV - CNTIN)
2 x (MOD - CNTIN)
FTM counter = CNTIN
channel (n) match
(FTM counting
is down)
channel (n) match
(FTM counting
is up)
counter overflow
FTM counter =
MOD
channel (n) output
Figure 37-22. CPWM period and pulse width with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = 0:0) when the FTM counter reaches the value in the CnV register,
the CHnF bit is set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated (if CHnIE = 1), however the
channel (n) output is not controlled by FTM.
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0), then the channel (n) output is forced high at the channel (n)
match (FTM counter = CnV) when counting down, and it is forced low at the channel (n)
match when counting up. See the following figure.
TOF bit
... 78 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 54 43 3
2 21 01...
previous value
CNT
channel (n) output
counter
overflow
channel (n) match in
down counting channel (n) match in
up counting channel (n) match in
down counting
counter
overflow
CHnF bit
MOD = 0x0008
CnV = 0x0005
Figure 37-23. CPWM signal with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1), then the channel (n) output is forced low at the channel (n)
match (FTM counter = CnV) when counting down, and it is forced high at the channel (n)
match when counting up. See the following figure.
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TOF bit
... 78 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 54 43 3
2 21 01...
previous value
CNT
channel (n) output
counter
overflow
channel (n) match in
down counting channel (n) match in
up counting channel (n) match in
down counting
counter
overflow
CHnF bit
MOD = 0x0008
CnV = 0x0005
Figure 37-24. CPWM signal with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
If (CnV = 0x0000) or CnV is a negative value, that is (CnV[15] = 1), then the channel (n)
output is a 0% duty cycle CPWM signal and CHnF bit is not set even when there is the
channel (n) match.
If CnV is a positive value, that is (CnV[15] = 0), (CnV ≥ MOD), and (MOD ≠ 0x0000),
then the channel (n) output is a 100% duty cycle CPWM signal and CHnF bit is not set
even when there is the channel (n) match. This implies that the usable range of periods
set by MOD is 0x0001 through 0x7FFE, 0x7FFF if you do not need to generate a 100%
duty cycle CPWM signal. This is not a significant limitation because the resulting period
is much longer than required for normal applications.
The CPWM mode must not be used when the FTM counter is a free running counter.
37.4.8 Combine mode
The Combine mode is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMBINE = 1, and
• CPWMS = 0
In Combine mode, an even channel (n) and adjacent odd channel (n+1) are combined to
generate a PWM signal in the channel (n) output.
In the Combine mode, the PWM period is determined by (MOD − CNTIN + 0x0001) and
the PWM pulse width (duty cycle) is determined by (|C(n+1)V − C(n)V|).
The CHnF bit is set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated (if CHnIE = 1) at the
channel (n) match (FTM counter = C(n)V). The CH(n+1)F bit is set and the channel (n
+1) interrupt is generated, if CH(n+1)IE = 1, at the channel (n+1) match (FTM counter =
C(n+1)V).
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If (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0), then the channel (n) output is forced low at the beginning of
the period (FTM counter = CNTIN) and at the channel (n+1) match (FTM counter = C(n
+1)V). It is forced high at the channel (n) match (FTM counter = C(n)V). See the
following figure.
If (ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1), then the channel (n) output is forced high at the beginning of
the period (FTM counter = CNTIN) and at the channel (n+1) match (FTM counter = C(n
+1)V). It is forced low at the channel (n) match (FTM counter = C(n)V). See the
following figure.
In Combine mode, the ELS(n+1)B and ELS(n+1)A bits are not used in the generation of
the channels (n) and (n+1) output. However, if (ELSnB:ELSnA = 0:0) then the channel
(n) output is not controlled by FTM, and if (ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A = 0:0) then the
channel (n+1) output is not controlled by FTM.
FTM counter
channel (n) match
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
channel (n+1) match
Figure 37-25. Combine mode
The following figures illustrate the PWM signals generation using Combine mode.
FTM counter
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
MOD
C(n)V
CNTIN
C(n+1)V
Figure 37-26. Channel (n) output if (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD)
and (C(n)V < C(n+1)V)
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FTM counter
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
MOD = C(n+1)V
C(n)V
CNTIN
Figure 37-27. Channel (n) output if (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD) and (C(n+1)V = MOD)
FTM counter
C(n+1)V
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
MOD
C(n)V = CNTIN
Figure 37-28. Channel (n) output if (C(n)V = CNTIN) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD)
FTM counter
not fully 100% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
not fully 0% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
MOD = C(n+1)V
C(n)V
CNTIN
Figure 37-29. Channel (n) output if (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD) and (C(n)V is Almost Equal to
CNTIN) and (C(n+1)V = MOD)
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FTM counter
not fully 100% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1 not fully 0% duty cycle
MOD
C(n)V = CNTIN
C(n+1)V
Figure 37-30. Channel (n) output if (C(n)V = CNTIN) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD) and
(C(n+1)V is Almost Equal to MOD)
FTM counter
0% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
100% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
C(n)V
MOD
CNTIN
C(n+1)V
Figure 37-31. Channel (n) output if C(n)V and C(n+1)V are not between CNTIN and MOD
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FTM counter
0% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1 100% duty cycle
MOD
CNTIN
C(n+1)V = C(n)V
Figure 37-32. Channel (n) output if (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD)
and (C(n)V = C(n+1)V)
FTM counter
C(n)V =
C(n+1)V = CNTIN
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1 100% duty cycle
0% duty cycle
MOD
Figure 37-33. Channel (n) output if (C(n)V = C(n+1)V = CNTIN)
FTM counter
CNTIN
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1 100% duty cycle
0% duty cycle
MOD =
C(n+1)V =
C(n)V
Figure 37-34. Channel (n) output if (C(n)V = C(n+1)V = MOD)
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channel (n) match
is ignored
FTM counter
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1 100% duty cycle
0% duty cycle
MOD
C(n)V
CNTIN
C(n+1)V
Figure 37-35. Channel (n) output if (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD)
and (C(n)V > C(n+1)V)
FTM counter
C(n)V
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
0% duty cycle
100% duty cycle
MOD
C(n+1)V
CNTIN
Figure 37-36. Channel (n) output if (C(n)V < CNTIN) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD)
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C(n+1)V
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
FTM counter
CNTIN
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
C(n)V
MOD
Figure 37-37. Channel (n) output if (C(n+1)V < CNTIN) and (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD)
FTM counter
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1 100% duty cycle
0% duty cycle
MOD
C(n)V
C(n+1)V
CNTIN
Figure 37-38. Channel (n) output if (C(n)V > MOD) and (CNTIN < C(n+1)V < MOD)
Functional description
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C(n)V
CNTIN
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
FTM counter
C(n+1)V
MOD
Figure 37-39. Channel (n) output if (C(n+1)V > MOD) and (CNTIN < C(n)V < MOD)
FTM counter
CNTIN
C(n+1)V
not fully 0% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
not fully 100% duty cycle
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
MOD = C(n)V
Figure 37-40. Channel (n) output if (C(n+1)V > MOD) and (CNTIN < C(n)V = MOD)
37.4.8.1 Asymmetrical PWM
In Combine mode, the control of the PWM signal first edge, when the channel (n) match
occurs, that is, FTM counter = C(n)V, is independent of the control of the PWM signal
second edge, when the channel (n+1) match occurs, that is, FTM counter = C(n+1)V. So,
Combine mode allows the generation of asymmetrical PWM signals.
37.4.9 Complementary mode
The Complementary mode is selected when:
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• QUADEN = 0
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMP = 1
In Complementary mode, the channel (n+1) output is the inverse of the channel (n)
output.
So, the channel (n+1) output is the same as the channel (n) output when:
• QUADEN = 0
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMP = 0
FTM counter
channel (n+1) match
channel (n+1) output
with COMP = 1
channel (n+1) output
with COMP = 0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0
channel (n) match
Figure 37-41. Channel (n+1) output in Complementary mode with (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0)
FTM counter
channel (n+1) match
channel (n+1) output
with COMP = 1
channel (n+1) output
with COMP = 0
channel (n) output
with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1
channel (n) match
Figure 37-42. Channel (n+1) output in Complementary mode with (ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1)
NOTE
The complementary mode is not available in Output Compare
mode.
37.4.10 Registers updated from write buffers
Functional description
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37.4.10.1 CNTIN register update
The following table describes when CNTIN register is updated:
Table 37-5. CNTIN register update
When Then CNTIN register is updated
CLKS[1:0] = 0:0 When CNTIN register is written, independent of FTMEN bit.
• FTMEN = 0, or
• CNTINC = 0
At the next system clock after CNTIN was written.
• FTMEN = 1,
• SYNCMODE = 1, and
• CNTINC = 1
By the CNTIN register synchronization.
37.4.10.2 MOD register update
The following table describes when MOD register is updated:
Table 37-6. MOD register update
When Then MOD register is updated
CLKS[1:0] = 0:0 When MOD register is written, independent of FTMEN bit.
• CLKS[1:0] ≠ 0:0, and
• FTMEN = 0
According to the CPWMS bit, that is:
• If the selected mode is not CPWM then MOD register is updated after MOD
register was written and the FTM counter changes from MOD to CNTIN. If
the FTM counter is at free-running counter mode then this update occurs
when the FTM counter changes from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
• If the selected mode is CPWM then MOD register is updated after MOD
register was written and the FTM counter changes from MOD to (MOD –
0x0001).
• CLKS[1:0] ≠ 0:0, and
• FTMEN = 1
By the MOD register synchronization.
37.4.10.3 CnV register update
The following table describes when CnV register is updated:
Table 37-7. CnV register update
When Then CnV register is updated
CLKS[1:0] = 0:0 When CnV register is written, independent of FTMEN bit.
• CLKS[1:0] ≠ 0:0, and
• FTMEN = 0
According to the selected mode, that is:
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 37-7. CnV register update (continued)
When Then CnV register is updated
• If the selected mode is Output Compare, then CnV register is updated on the
next FTM counter change, end of the prescaler counting, after CnV register
was written.
• If the selected mode is EPWM, then CnV register is updated after CnV
register was written and the FTM counter changes from MOD to CNTIN. If
the FTM counter is at free-running counter mode then this update occurs
when the FTM counter changes from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
• If the selected mode is CPWM, then CnV register is updated after CnV
register was written and the FTM counter changes from MOD to (MOD –
0x0001).
• CLKS[1:0] ≠ 0:0, and
• FTMEN = 1
According to the selected mode, that is:
• If the selected mode is output compare then CnV register is updated
according to the SYNCEN bit. If (SYNCEN = 0) then CnV register is updated
after CnV register was written at the next change of the FTM counter, the
end of the prescaler counting. If (SYNCEN = 1) then CnV register is updated
by the C(n)V and C(n+1)V register synchronization.
• If the selected mode is not output compare and (SYNCEN = 1) then CnV
register is updated by the C(n)V and C(n+1)V register synchronization.
37.4.11 PWM synchronization
The PWM synchronization provides an opportunity to update the MOD, CNTIN, CnV,
OUTMASK, INVCTRL and SWOCTRL registers with their buffered value and force the
FTM counter to the CNTIN register value.
Note
The legacy PWM synchronization (SYNCMODE = 0) is a
subset of the enhanced PWM synchronization (SYNCMODE =
1). Thus, only the enhanced PWM synchronization must be
used.
37.4.11.1 Hardware trigger
Three hardware trigger signal inputs of the FTM module are enabled when TRIGn = 1,
where n = 0, 1 or 2 corresponding to each one of the input signals, respectively. The
hardware trigger input n is synchronized by the system clock. The PWM synchronization
with hardware trigger is initiated when a rising edge is detected at the enabled hardware
trigger inputs.
If (HWTRIGMODE = 0) then the TRIGn bit is cleared when 0 is written to it or when the
trigger n event is detected.
Functional description
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In this case, if two or more hardware triggers are enabled (for example, TRIG0 and
TRIG1 = 1) and only trigger 1 event occurs, then only TRIG1 bit is cleared. If a trigger n
event occurs together with a write setting TRIGn bit, then the synchronization is initiated,
but TRIGn bit remains set due to the write operation.
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
system clock
synchronized trigger_0
by system clock
trigger 0 event
Note
TRIG0 bit
trigger_0 input
All hardware trigger inputs have the same behavior.
Figure 37-43. Hardware trigger event with HWTRIGMODE = 0
If HWTRIGMODE = 1, then the TRIGn bit is only cleared when 0 is written to it.
NOTE
The HWTRIGMODE bit must be 1 only with enhanced PWM
synchronization (SYNCMODE = 1).
37.4.11.2 Software trigger
A software trigger event occurs when 1 is written to the SYNC[SWSYNC] bit. The
SWSYNC bit is cleared when 0 is written to it or when the PWM synchronization,
initiated by the software event, is completed.
If another software trigger event occurs (by writing another 1 to the SWSYNC bit) at the
same time the PWM synchronization initiated by the previous software trigger event is
ending, a new PWM synchronization is started and the SWSYNC bit remains equal to 1.
If SYNCMODE = 0 then the SWSYNC bit is also cleared by FTM according to
PWMSYNC and REINIT bits. In this case if (PWMSYNC = 1) or (PWMSYNC = 0 and
REINIT = 0) then SWSYNC bit is cleared at the next selected loading point after that the
software trigger event occurred; see Boundary cycle and loading points and the following
figure. If (PWMSYNC = 0) and (REINIT = 1) then SWSYNC bit is cleared when the
software trigger event occurs.
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If SYNCMODE = 1 then the SWSYNC bit is also cleared by FTM according to the
SWRSTCNT bit. If SWRSTCNT = 0 then SWSYNC bit is cleared at the next selected
loading point after that the software trigger event occurred; see the following figure. If
SWRSTCNT = 1 then SWSYNC bit is cleared when the software trigger event occurs.
system clock
selected loading point
PWM synchronization
SWSYNC bit
software trigger event
write 1 to SWSYNC bit
Figure 37-44. Software trigger event
37.4.11.3 Boundary cycle and loading points
The boundary cycle definition is important for the loading points for the registers MOD,
CNTIN, and C(n)V.
In Up counting mode, the boundary cycle is defined as when the counter wraps to its
initial value (CNTIN). If in Up-down counting mode, then the boundary cycle is defined
as when the counter turns from down to up counting and when from up to down counting.
The following figure shows the boundary cycles and the loading points for the registers.
In the Up Counting mode, the loading points are enabled if one of CNTMIN or CTMAX
bits are 1. In the Up-Down Counting mode, the loading points are selected by CNTMIN
and CNTMAX bits, as indicated in the figure. These loading points are safe places for
register updates thus allowing a smooth transitions in PWM waveform generation.
For both counting modes, if neither CNTMIN nor CNTMAX are 1, then the boundary
cycles are not used as loading points for registers updates. See the register
synchronization descriptions in the following sections for details.
Functional description
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CNT = (MOD - 0x0001) -> MOD
CNT = (CNTIN + 0x0001) -> CNTIN
loading points if CNTMIN = 1
loading points if CNTMAX = 1
up-down counting mode
CNT = MOD -> CNTIN
loading points if CNTMAX = 1 or CNTMIN = 1
up counting mode
Figure 37-45. Boundary cycles and loading points
37.4.11.4 MOD register synchronization
The MOD register synchronization updates the MOD register with its buffer value. This
synchronization is enabled if (FTMEN = 1).
The MOD register synchronization can be done by either the enhanced PWM
synchronization (SYNCMODE = 1) or the legacy PWM synchronization (SYNCMODE
= 0). However, it is expected that the MOD register be synchronized only by the
enhanced PWM synchronization.
In the case of enhanced PWM synchronization, the MOD register synchronization
depends on SWWRBUF, SWRSTCNT, HWWRBUF, and HWRSTCNT bits according to
this flowchart:
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legacy
PWM synchronization
end
= 0
enhanced PWM synchronization
begin
= 1
SYNCMODE
bit ?
= 0
end
end
end
end end
= 1
= 1
0 =
= 1
= 0
= 1
0 =
= 1
= 1
= 1
= 0
= 0
= 0
MOD register is
updated by software trigger MOD register is
updated by hardware trigger
software
trigger
hardware
trigger
FTM counter is reset by
software trigger
FTM counter is reset by
hardware trigger
SWWRBUF
bit ?
HWWRBUF
bit ?
SWSYNC
bit ?
SWRSTCNT
bit ?
wait the next selected
loading point
update MOD with
its buffer value
clear SWSYNC bit clear SWSYNC bit
update MOD with
its buffer value
TRIGn
bit ?
wait hardware trigger n
HWTRIGMODE
bit ?
clear TRIGn bit
wait the next selected
loading point
update MOD with
its buffer value
update MOD with
its buffer value
HWRSTCNT
bit ?
Figure 37-46. MOD register synchronization flowchart
In the case of legacy PWM synchronization, the MOD register synchronization depends
on PWMSYNC and REINIT bits according to the following description.
If (SYNCMODE = 0), (PWMSYNC = 0), and (REINIT = 0), then this synchronization is
made on the next selected loading point after an enabled trigger event takes place. If the
trigger event was a software trigger, then the SWSYNC bit is cleared on the next selected
Functional description
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loading point. If the trigger event was a hardware trigger, then the trigger enable bit
(TRIGn) is cleared according to Hardware trigger. Examples with software and hardware
triggers follow.
system clock
selected loading point
MOD register is updated
write 1 to SWSYNC bit
SWSYNC bit
software trigger event
Figure 37-47. MOD synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (PWMSYNC = 0), (REINIT =
0), and software trigger was used
system clock
selected loading point
MOD register is updated
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
TRIG0 bit
trigger 0 event
Figure 37-48. MOD synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (HWTRIGMODE = 0),
(PWMSYNC = 0), (REINIT = 0), and a hardware trigger was used
If (SYNCMODE = 0), (PWMSYNC = 0), and (REINIT = 1), then this synchronization is
made on the next enabled trigger event. If the trigger event was a software trigger, then
the SWSYNC bit is cleared according to the following example. If the trigger event was a
hardware trigger, then the TRIGn bit is cleared according to Hardware trigger. Examples
with software and hardware triggers follow.
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system clock
MOD register is updated
write 1 to SWSYNC bit
SWSYNC bit
software trigger event
Figure 37-49. MOD synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (PWMSYNC = 0), (REINIT =
1), and software trigger was used
system clock
MOD register is updated
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
TRIG0 bit
trigger 0 event
Figure 37-50. MOD synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (HWTRIGMODE = 0),
(PWMSYNC = 0), (REINIT = 1), and a hardware trigger was used
If (SYNCMODE = 0) and (PWMSYNC = 1), then this synchronization is made on the
next selected loading point after the software trigger event takes place. The SWSYNC bit
is cleared on the next selected loading point:
system clock
selected loading point
MOD register is updated
write 1 to SWSYNC bit
SWSYNC bit
software trigger event
Figure 37-51. MOD synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0) and (PWMSYNC = 1)
Functional description
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37.4.11.5 CNTIN register synchronization
The CNTIN register synchronization updates the CNTIN register with its buffer value.
This synchronization is enabled if (FTMEN = 1), (SYNCMODE = 1), and (CNTINC =
1). The CNTIN register synchronization can be done only by the enhanced PWM
synchronization (SYNCMODE = 1). The synchronization mechanism is the same as the
MOD register synchronization done by the enhanced PWM synchronization; see MOD
register synchronization.
37.4.11.6 C(n)V and C(n+1)V register synchronization
The C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers synchronization updates the C(n)V and C(n+1)V
registers with their buffer values.
This synchronization is enabled if (FTMEN = 1) and (SYNCEN = 1). The
synchronization mechanism is the same as the MOD register synchronization. However,
it is expected that the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers be synchronized only by the
enhanced PWM synchronization (SYNCMODE = 1).
37.4.11.7 OUTMASK register synchronization
The OUTMASK register synchronization updates the OUTMASK register with its buffer
value.
The OUTMASK register can be updated at each rising edge of system clock
(SYNCHOM = 0), by the enhanced PWM synchronization (SYNCHOM = 1 and
SYNCMODE = 1) or by the legacy PWM synchronization (SYNCHOM = 1 and
SYNCMODE = 0). However, it is expected that the OUTMASK register be synchronized
only by the enhanced PWM synchronization.
In the case of enhanced PWM synchronization, the OUTMASK register synchronization
depends on SWOM and HWOM bits. See the following flowchart:
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end
= 0
update OUTMASK register at
each rising edge of system clock
begin
software
trigger
endend
end
end
= 0
= 0
= 1
= 1
= 1
= 1
= 0
= 1
0 =
0 =
1 =
1 =
0 =
legacy
PWM synchronization
SYNCHOM
bit ?
update OUTMASK register by
PWM synchronization
update OUTMASK
with its buffer value
SYNCMODE
bit ?
clear TRIGn bit
HWTRIGMODE
bit ?
update OUTMASK
with its buffer value
wait hardware trigger n
TRIGn
bit ?
HWOM
bit ?
SWOM
bit ?
SWSYNC
bit ?
rising edge
of system
clock ?
update OUTMASK
with its buffer value
hardware
trigger
OUTMASK is updated
by software trigger
OUTMASK is updated
by hardware trigger
enhanced PWM synchronization
= yes
no =
Figure 37-52. OUTMASK register synchronization flowchart
In the case of legacy PWM synchronization, the OUTMASK register synchronization
depends on PWMSYNC bit according to the following description.
Functional description
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If (SYNCMODE = 0), (SYNCHOM = 1), and (PWMSYNC = 0), then this
synchronization is done on the next enabled trigger event. If the trigger event was a
software trigger, then the SWSYNC bit is cleared on the next selected loading point. If
the trigger event was a hardware trigger, then the TRIGn bit is cleared according to
Hardware trigger. Examples with software and hardware triggers follow.
system clock
OUTMASK register is updated
selected loading point
SWSYNC bit is cleared
write 1 to SWSYNC bit
SWSYNC bit
software trigger event
Figure 37-53. OUTMASK synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (SYNCHOM = 1),
(PWMSYNC = 0) and software trigger was used
system clock
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
TRIG0 bit
trigger 0 event
OUTMASK register is updated and
TRIG0 bit is cleared
Figure 37-54. OUTMASK synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (HWTRIGMODE = 0),
(SYNCHOM = 1), (PWMSYNC = 0), and a hardware trigger was used
If (SYNCMODE = 0), (SYNCHOM = 1), and (PWMSYNC = 1), then this
synchronization is made on the next enabled hardware trigger. The TRIGn bit is cleared
according to Hardware trigger. An example with a hardware trigger follows.
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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system clock
OUTMASK register is updated and
TRIG0 bit is cleared
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
TRIG0 bit
trigger 0 event
Figure 37-55. OUTMASK synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (HWTRIGMODE = 0),
(SYNCHOM = 1), (PWMSYNC = 1), and a hardware trigger was used
37.4.11.8 INVCTRL register synchronization
The INVCTRL register synchronization updates the INVCTRL register with its buffer
value.
The INVCTRL register can be updated at each rising edge of system clock (INVC = 0) or
by the enhanced PWM synchronization (INVC = 1 and SYNCMODE = 1) according to
the following flowchart.
In the case of enhanced PWM synchronization, the INVCTRL register synchronization
depends on SWINVC and HWINVC bits.
Functional description
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end
begin
= 1
= 0
end end
end
end
end
= 1
= 0
= 1
= 1
= 0
= 0
= 1
INVCTRL is updated
by software trigger
software
trigger
hardware
trigger
INVCTRL is updated
by hardware trigger
enhanced PWM synchronization
update INVCTRL register by
PWM synchronization
update INVCTRL register at
each rising edge of system clock
= yes
0 =
1 = 0 =
0 =
no =
1 =
INVC
bit ?
SYNCMODE
bit ?
rising edge
of system
clock ?
update INVCTRL
with its buffer value
update INVCTRL
with its buffer value
HWINVC
bit ?
TRIGn
bit ?
wait hardware trigger n
update INVCTRL
with its buffer value
HWTRIGMODE
bit ?
clear TRIGn bit
SWINVC
bit ?
SWSYNC
bit ?
Figure 37-56. INVCTRL register synchronization flowchart
37.4.11.9 SWOCTRL register synchronization
The SWOCTRL register synchronization updates the SWOCTRL register with its buffer
value.
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The SWOCTRL register can be updated at each rising edge of system clock (SWOC = 0)
or by the enhanced PWM synchronization (SWOC = 1 and SYNCMODE = 1) according
to the following flowchart.
In the case of enhanced PWM synchronization, the SWOCTRL register synchronization
depends on SWSOC and HWSOC bits.
end
begin
= 1
= 0
end end
end
end
end
= 1
= 0
= 1
= 1
= 0
= 0
= 1
SWOCTRL is updated
by software trigger
software
trigger
hardware
trigger
SWOCTRL is updated
by hardware trigger
enhanced PWM synchronization
update SWOCTRL register by
PWM synchronization
update SWOCTRL register at
each rising edge of system clock
= yes
0 =
1 = 0 =
0 =
no =
1 =
SWOC
bit ?
SYNCMODE
bit ?
rising edge
of system
clock ?
update SWOCTRL
with its buffer value
update SWOCTRL
with its buffer value
HWSOC
bit ?
TRIGn
bit ?
wait hardware trigger n
update SWOCTRL
with its buffer value
HWTRIGMODE
bit ?
clear TRIGn bit
SWSOC
bit ?
SWSYNC
bit ?
Figure 37-57. SWOCTRL register synchronization flowchart
Functional description
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37.4.11.10 FTM counter synchronization
The FTM counter synchronization is a mechanism that allows the FTM to restart the
PWM generation at a certain point in the PWM period. The channels outputs are forced
to their initial value, except for channels in Output Compare mode, and the FTM counter
is forced to its initial counting value defined by CNTIN register.
The following figure shows the FTM counter synchronization. Note that after the
synchronization event occurs, the channel (n) is set to its initial value and the channel (n
+1) is not set to its initial value due to a specific timing of this figure in which the
deadtime insertion prevents this channel output from transitioning to 1. If no deadtime
insertion is selected, then the channel (n+1) transitions to logical value 1 immediately
after the synchronization event occurs.
synchronization event
channel (n+1) match
FTM counter
channel (n) match
channel (n) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
Figure 37-58. FTM counter synchronization
The FTM counter synchronization can be done by either the enhanced PWM
synchronization (SYNCMODE = 1) or the legacy PWM synchronization (SYNCMODE
= 0). However, the FTM counter must be synchronized only by the enhanced PWM
synchronization.
In the case of enhanced PWM synchronization, the FTM counter synchronization
depends on SWRSTCNT and HWRSTCNT bits according to the following flowchart.
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update FTM counter with
CNTIN register value
update the channels outputs
with their initial value
clear SWSYNC bit
end
FTM counter is reset by
software trigger
legacy
PWM synchronization
end
clear TRIGn bit
HWTRIGMODE
bit ?
= 1
= 0
update the channels outputs
with their initial value
update FTM counter with
CNTIN register value
wait hardware trigger n
enhanced PWM synchronization
FTM counter is reset by
hardware trigger
begin
= 1
= 1
= 1
= 1
end
end
HWRSTCNT
bit ?
SWRSTCNT
bit ?
SWSYNC
bit ?
software
trigger
SYNCMODE
bit ?
hardware
trigger
TRIGn
bit ?
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
1 =
Figure 37-59. FTM counter synchronization flowchart
In the case of legacy PWM synchronization, the FTM counter synchronization depends
on REINIT and PWMSYNC bits according to the following description.
If (SYNCMODE = 0), (REINIT = 1), and (PWMSYNC = 0) then this synchronization is
made on the next enabled trigger event. If the trigger event was a software trigger then
the SWSYNC bit is cleared according to the following example. If the trigger event was a
hardware trigger then the TRIGn bit is cleared according to Hardware trigger. Examples
with software and hardware triggers follow.
Functional description
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system clock
FTM counter is updated with the CNTIN register value
and channel outputs are forced to their initial value
write 1 to SWSYNC bit
SWSYNC bit
software trigger event
Figure 37-60. FTM counter synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (REINIT = 1),
(PWMSYNC = 0), and software trigger was used
system clock
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
TRIG0 bit
trigger 0 event
FTM counter is updated with the CNTIN register value
and channel outputs are forced to their initial value
Figure 37-61. FTM counter synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (HWTRIGMODE = 0),
(REINIT = 1), (PWMSYNC = 0), and a hardware trigger was used
If (SYNCMODE = 0), (REINIT = 1), and (PWMSYNC = 1) then this synchronization is
made on the next enabled hardware trigger. The TRIGn bit is cleared according to
Hardware trigger.
system clock
write 1 to TRIG0 bit
TRIG0 bit
trigger 0 event
FTM counter is updated with the CNTIN register value
and channel outputs are forced to their initial value
Figure 37-62. FTM counter synchronization with (SYNCMODE = 0), (HWTRIGMODE = 0),
(REINIT = 1), (PWMSYNC = 1), and a hardware trigger was used
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37.4.12 Inverting
The invert functionality swaps the signals between channel (n) and channel (n+1)
outputs. The inverting operation is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0
• DECAPEN = 0
• COMP = 1, and
• INVm = 1 (where m represents a channel pair)
The INVm bit in INVCTRL register is updated with its buffer value according to
INVCTRL register synchronization
In High-True (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0) Combine mode, the channel (n) output is forced low
at the beginning of the period (FTM counter = CNTIN), forced high at the channel (n)
match and forced low at the channel (n+1) match. If the inverting is selected, the channel
(n) output behavior is changed to force high at the beginning of the PWM period, force
low at the channel (n) match and force high at the channel (n+1) match. See the following
figure.
NOTE
channel (n+1) match
FTM counter
channel (n) match
channel (n+1) output
before the inverting
write 1 to INV(m) bit
INV(m) bit buffer
INVCTRL register
synchronization
INV(m) bit
channel (n) output
after the inverting
channel (n+1) output
after the inverting
INV(m) bit selects the inverting to the pair channels (n) and (n+1).
channel (n) output
before the inverting
Figure 37-63. Channels (n) and (n+1) outputs after the inverting in High-True
(ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0) Combine mode
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Note that the ELSnB:ELSnA bits value should be considered because they define the
active state of the channels outputs. In Low-True (ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1) Combine mode,
the channel (n) output is forced high at the beginning of the period, forced low at the
channel (n) match and forced high at the channel (n+1) match. When inverting is
selected, the channels (n) and (n+1) present waveforms as shown in the following figure.
NOTE
channel (n+1) match
FTM counter
channel (n) match
channel (n+1) output
before the inverting
write 1 to INV(m) bit
INV(m) bit buffer
INVCTRL register
synchronization
INV(m) bit
channel (n) output
after the inverting
channel (n+1) output
after the inverting
INV(m) bit selects the inverting to the pair channels (n) and (n+1).
channel (n) output
before the inverting
Figure 37-64. Channels (n) and (n+1) outputs after the inverting in Low-True
(ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1) Combine mode
Note
The inverting feature is not available in Output Compare mode.
37.4.13 Software output control
The software output control forces the channel output according to software defined
values at a specific time in the PWM generation.
The software output control is selected when:
• QUADEN = 0
• DECAPEN = 0, and
• CHnOC = 1
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The CHnOC bit enables the software output control for a specific channel output and the
CHnOCV selects the value that is forced to this channel output.
Both CHnOC and CHnOCV bits in SWOCTRL register are buffered and updated with
their buffer value according to SWOCTRL register synchronization.
The following figure shows the channels (n) and (n+1) outputs signals when the software
output control is used. In this case the channels (n) and (n+1) are set to Combine and
Complementary mode.
channel (n+1) match
FTM counter
channel (n) match
channel (n) output
after the software
output control
channel (n+1) output
after the software
output control
CH(n)OC buffer
CH(n+1)OC buffer
CH(n)OC bit
CH(n+1)OC bit
NOTE
CH(n)OCV = 1 and CH(n+1)OCV = 0.
SWOCTRL register synchronization SWOCTRL register synchronization
write to SWOCTRL register write to SWOCTRL register
Figure 37-65. Example of software output control in Combine and Complementary mode
Software output control forces the following values on channels (n) and (n+1) when the
COMP bit is zero.
Table 37-8. Software ouput control behavior when (COMP = 0)
CH(n)OC CH(n+1)OC CH(n)OCV CH(n+1)OCV Channel (n) Output Channel (n+1) Output
0 0 X X is not modified by SWOC is not modified by SWOC
1 1 0 0 is forced to zero is forced to zero
1 1 0 1 is forced to zero is forced to one
1 1 1 0 is forced to one is forced to zero
1 1 1 1 is forced to one is forced to one
Software output control forces the following values on channels (n) and (n+1) when the
COMP bit is one.
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Table 37-9. Software ouput control behavior when (COMP = 1)
CH(n)OC CH(n+1)OC CH(n)OCV CH(n+1)OCV Channel (n) Output Channel (n+1) Output
0 0 X X is not modified by SWOC is not modified by SWOC
1 1 0 0 is forced to zero is forced to zero
1 1 0 1 is forced to zero is forced to one
1 1 1 0 is forced to one is forced to zero
1 1 1 1 is forced to one is forced to zero
Note
• The CH(n)OC and CH(n+1)OC bits should be equal.
• The COMP bit must not be modified when software output
control is enabled, that is, CH(n)OC = 1 and/or CH(n
+1)OC = 1.
• Software output control has the same behavior with
disabled or enabled FTM counter (see the CLKS field
description in the Status and Control register).
37.4.14 Deadtime insertion
The deadtime insertion is enabled when (DTEN = 1) and (DTVAL[5:0] is non- zero).
DEADTIME register defines the deadtime delay that can be used for all FTM channels.
The DTPS[1:0] bits define the prescaler for the system clock and the DTVAL[5:0] bits
define the deadtime modulo, that is, the number of the deadtime prescaler clocks.
The deadtime delay insertion ensures that no two complementary signals (channels (n)
and (n+1)) drive the active state at the same time.
If POL(n) = 0, POL(n+1) = 0, and the deadtime is enabled, then when the channel (n)
match (FTM counter = C(n)V) occurs, the channel (n) output remains at the low value
until the end of the deadtime delay when the channel (n) output is set. Similarly, when the
channel (n+1) match (FTM counter = C(n+1)V) occurs, the channel (n+1) output remains
at the low value until the end of the deadtime delay when the channel (n+1) output is set.
See the following figures.
If POL(n) = 1, POL(n+1) = 1, and the deadtime is enabled, then when the channel (n)
match (FTM counter = C(n)V) occurs, the channel (n) output remains at the high value
until the end of the deadtime delay when the channel (n) output is cleared. Similarly,
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when the channel (n+1) match (FTM counter = C(n+1)V) occurs, the channel (n+1)
output remains at the high value until the end of the deadtime delay when the channel (n
+1) output is cleared.
FTM counter
channel (n+1) match
channel (n) match
channel (n) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
Figure 37-66. Deadtime insertion with ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0, POL(n) = 0, and POL(n+1) = 0
FTM counter
channel (n+1) match
channel (n) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
channel (n) match
Figure 37-67. Deadtime insertion with ELSnB:ELSnA = X:1, POL(n) = 0, and POL(n+1) = 0
NOTE
• The deadtime feature must be used only in Complementary
mode.
• The deadtime feature is not available in Output Compare
mode.
37.4.14.1 Deadtime insertion corner cases
If (PS[2:0] is cleared), (DTPS[1:0] = 0:0 or DTPS[1:0] = 0:1):
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• and the deadtime delay is greater than or equal to the channel (n) duty cycle ((C(n
+1)V – C(n)V) × system clock), then the channel (n) output is always the inactive
value (POL(n) bit value).
• and the deadtime delay is greater than or equal to the channel (n+1) duty cycle
((MOD – CNTIN + 1 – (C(n+1)V – C(n)V) ) × system clock), then the channel (n+1)
output is always the inactive value (POL(n+1) bit value).
Although, in most cases the deadtime delay is not comparable to channels (n) and (n+1)
duty cycle, the following figures show examples where the deadtime delay is comparable
to the duty cycle.
FTM counter
channel (n+1) match
channel (n) match
channel (n) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
Figure 37-68. Example of the deadtime insertion (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0, POL(n) = 0, and
POL(n+1) = 0) when the deadtime delay is comparable to channel (n+1) duty cycle
FTM counter
channel (n+1) match
channel (n) match
channel (n) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(before deadtime
insertion)
channel (n+1) output
(after deadtime
insertion)
Figure 37-69. Example of the deadtime insertion (ELSnB:ELSnA = 1:0, POL(n) = 0, and
POL(n+1) = 0) when the deadtime delay is comparable to channels (n) and (n+1) duty
cycle
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37.4.15 Output mask
The output mask can be used to force channels output to their inactive state through
software. For example: to control a BLDC motor.
Any write to the OUTMASK register updates its write buffer. The OUTMASK register is
updated with its buffer value by PWM synchronization; see OUTMASK register
synchronization.
If CHnOM = 1, then the channel (n) output is forced to its inactive state (POLn bit value).
If CHnOM = 0, then the channel (n) output is unaffected by the output mask. See the
following figure.
FTM counter
channel (n) output
(before output mask)
CHnOM bit
channel (n) output
(after output mask)
the beginning of new PWM cycles
configured PWM signal starts
to be available in the channel (n) output
channel (n) output is disabled
Figure 37-70. Output mask with POLn = 0
The following table shows the output mask result before the polarity control.
Table 37-10. Output mask result for channel (n) before the polarity control
CHnOM Output Mask Input Output Mask Result
0 inactive state inactive state
active state active state
1 inactive state inactive state
active state
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37.4.16 Fault control
The fault control is enabled if (FAULTM[1:0] ≠ 0:0).
FTM can have up to four fault inputs. FAULTnEN bit (where n = 0, 1, 2, 3) enables the
fault input n and FFLTRnEN bit enables the fault input n filter. FFVAL[3:0] bits select
the value of the enabled filter in each enabled fault input.
First, each fault input signal is synchronized by the system clock; see the synchronizer
block in the following figure. Following synchronization, the fault input n signal enters
the filter block. When there is a state change in the fault input n signal, the 5-bit counter
is reset and starts counting up. As long as the new state is stable on the fault input n, the
counter continues to increment. If the 5-bit counter overflows, that is, the counter exceeds
the value of the FFVAL[3:0] bits, the new fault input n value is validated. It is then
transmitted as a pulse edge to the edge detector.
If the opposite edge appears on the fault input n signal before validation (counter
overflow), the counter is reset. At the next input transition, the counter starts counting
again. Any pulse that is shorter than the minimum value selected by FFVAL[3:0] bits (×
system clock) is regarded as a glitch and is not passed on to the edge detector.
The fault input n filter is disabled when the FFVAL[3:0] bits are zero or when
FAULTnEN = 0. In this case, the fault input n signal is delayed 2 rising edges of the
system clock and the FAULTFn bit is set on 3th rising edge of the system clock after a
rising edge occurs on the fault input n.
If FFVAL[3:0] ≠ 0000 and FAULTnEN = 1, then the fault input n signal is delayed (3 +
FFVAL[3:0]) rising edges of the system clock, that is, the FAULTFn bit is set (4 +
FFVAL[3:0]) rising edges of the system clock after a rising edge occurs on the fault input
n.
fault input n*
system clock
* where n = 3, 2, 1, 0
synchronizer fault input n* value
FAULTFn*
0000)
and (FFLTRnEN*)
0
1
rising edge
detector
fault input
polarity
control
Fault filter
(5-bit counter)
CLK CLK
D D Q
Q
FLTnPOL
(FFVAL[3:0]
Figure 37-71. Fault input n control block diagram
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If the fault control and fault input n are enabled and a rising edge at the fault input n
signal is detected, a fault condition has occurred and the FAULTFn bit is set. The
FAULTF bit is the logic OR of FAULTFn[3:0] bits. See the following figure.
fault interrupt
FAULTIE
FAULTIN
fault input 0 value
fault input 1 value
fault input 2 value
fault input 3 value
FAULTF
FAULTF0
FAULTF1
FAULTF2
FAULTF3
Figure 37-72. FAULTF and FAULTIN bits and fault interrupt
If the fault control is enabled (FAULTM[1:0] ≠ 0:0), a fault condition has occurred and
(FAULTEN = 1), then outputs are forced to their safe values:
• Channel (n) output takes the value of POL(n)
• Channel (n+1) takes the value of POL(n+1)
The fault interrupt is generated when (FAULTF = 1) and (FAULTIE = 1). This interrupt
request remains set until:
• Software clears the FAULTF bit by reading FAULTF bit as 1 and writing 0 to it
• Software clears the FAULTIE bit
• A reset occurs
37.4.16.1 Automatic fault clearing
If the automatic fault clearing is selected (FAULTM[1:0] = 1:1), then the channels output
disabled by fault control is again enabled when the fault input signal (FAULTIN) returns
to zero and a new PWM cycle begins. See the following figure.
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FTM counter
channel (n) output
(before fault control)
FAULTIN bit
channel (n) output
the beginning of new PWM cycles
FAULTF bit
FAULTF bit is cleared
The channel (n) output is after the fault control with automatic fault clearing and POLn = 0.
NOTE
Figure 37-73. Fault control with automatic fault clearing
37.4.16.2 Manual fault clearing
If the manual fault clearing is selected (FAULTM[1:0] = 0:1 or 1:0), then the channels
output disabled by fault control is again enabled when the FAULTF bit is cleared and a
new PWM cycle begins. See the following figure.
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FTM counter
channel (n) output
(before fault control)
FAULTIN bit
channel (n) output
the beginning of new PWM cycles
FAULTF bit
FAULTF bit is cleared
The channel (n) output is after the fault control with manual fault clearing and POLn = 0.
NOTE
Figure 37-74. Fault control with manual fault clearing
37.4.16.3 Fault inputs polarity control
The FLTjPOL bit selects the fault input j polarity, where j = 0, 1, 2, 3:
• If FLTjPOL = 0, the fault j input polarity is high, so the logical one at the fault input j
indicates a fault.
• If FLTjPOL = 1, the fault j input polarity is low, so the logical zero at the fault input j
indicates a fault.
37.4.17 Polarity control
The POLn bit selects the channel (n) output polarity:
• If POLn = 0, the channel (n) output polarity is high, so the logical one is the active
state and the logical zero is the inactive state.
• If POLn = 1, the channel (n) output polarity is low, so the logical zero is the active
state and the logical one is the inactive state.
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37.4.18 Initialization
The initialization forces the CHnOI bit value to the channel (n) output when a one is
written to the INIT bit.
The initialization depends on COMP and DTEN bits. The following table shows the
values that channels (n) and (n+1) are forced by initialization when the COMP and
DTEN bits are zero.
Table 37-11. Initialization behavior when (COMP = 0 and DTEN = 0)
CH(n)OI CH(n+1)OI Channel (n) Output Channel (n+1) Output
0 0 is forced to zero is forced to zero
0 1 is forced to zero is forced to one
1 0 is forced to one is forced to zero
1 1 is forced to one is forced to one
The following table shows the values that channels (n) and (n+1) are forced by
initialization when (COMP = 1) or (DTEN = 1).
Table 37-12. Initialization behavior when (COMP = 1 or DTEN = 1)
CH(n)OI CH(n+1)OI Channel (n) Output Channel (n+1) Output
0 X is forced to zero is forced to one
1 X is forced to one is forced to zero
Note
The initialization feature must be used only with disabled FTM
counter. See the description of the CLKS field in the Status and
Control register.
37.4.19 Features priority
The following figure shows the priority of the features used at the generation of channels
(n) and (n+1) outputs signals.
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NOTE
The channels (n) and (n+1) are in output compare, EPWM, CPWM or combine modes.
pair channels (m) - channels (n) and (n+1)
initialization
complementary
mode
inverting
software
output
control
deadtime
insertion output
mask
fault
control
polarity
control
FTM counter
QUADEN
DECAPEN
COMBINE(m)
CPWMS
C(n)V
MS(n)B
MS(n)A
ELS(n)B
ELS(n)A
generation of
channel (n)
output signal
generation of
channel (n+1)
output signal
C(n+1)V
MS(n+1)B
MS(n+1)A
ELS(n+1)B
ELS(n+1)A
channel
(n)
output
signal
channel
(n+1)
output
signal
CH(n)OI
CH(n+1)OI COMP(m) INV(m)EN
CH(n)OC
CH(n)OCV
CH(n+1)OC
CH(n+1)OCV DTEN(m)
CH(n)OM
CH(n+1)OM
FAULTEN(m)
POL(n)
POL(n+1)
Figure 37-75. Priority of the features used at the generation of channels (n) and (n+1)
outputs signals
Note
The Initialization feature must not be used with Inverting and
Software output control features.
37.4.20 Channel trigger output
If CH(j)TRIG bit of the FTM External Trigger (FTM_EXTTRIG) register is set, where j
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, then the FTM generates a trigger when the channel (j) match occurs
(FTM counter = C(j)V).
The channel trigger output provides a trigger signal which has one FTM clock period
width and is used for on-chip modules.
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The FTM is able to generate multiple triggers in one PWM period. Because each trigger
is generated for a specific channel, several channels are required to implement this
functionality. This behavior is described in the following figure.
NOTE
(a) CH0TRIG = 0, CH1TRIG = 0, CH2TRIG = 0, CH3TRIG = 0, CH4TRIG = 0, CH5TRIG = 0
(b) CH0TRIG = 1, CH1TRIG = 0, CH2TRIG = 0, CH3TRIG = 0, CH4TRIG = 0, CH5TRIG = 0
(c) CH0TRIG = 0, CH1TRIG = 0, CH2TRIG = 0, CH3TRIG = 1, CH4TRIG = 1, CH5TRIG = 1
(d) CH0TRIG = 1, CH1TRIG = 1, CH2TRIG = 1, CH3TRIG = 1, CH4TRIG = 1, CH5TRIG = 1
the beginning of new PWM cycles
MOD
FTM counter = C5V
FTM counter = C4V
FTM counter = C3V
FTM counter = C2V
FTM counter = C1V
FTM counter = C0V
CNTIN
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17
System clock
FTM counter
Channel Trigger Output
0x14
CnV
Figure 37-76. Channel match trigger
37.4.21 Initialization trigger
If INITTRIGEN = 1, then the FTM generates a trigger when the FTM counter is updated
with the CNTIN register value in the following cases.
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• The FTM counter is automatically updated with the CNTIN register value by the
selected counting mode.
• When there is a write to CNT register.
• When there is the FTM counter synchronization.
• If (CNT = CNTIN), (CLKS[1:0] = 0:0), and a value different from zero is written to
CLKS[1:0] bits.
• If the channel (n) is in Input Capture mode, (ICRST = 1) and the selected input
capture event occurs in the channel (n) input.
The following figures show these cases.
CPWMS = 0
0x0C 0x0D 0x0E 0x0F 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05
initialization trigger
FTM counter
system clock
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x000F
Figure 37-77. Initialization trigger is generated when the FTM counting achieves the
CNTIN register value
CPWMS = 0
0x04 0x05 0x06 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06
initialization trigger
write to CNT
FTM counter
system clock
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x000F
Figure 37-78. Initialization trigger is generated when there is a write to CNT register
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CPWMS = 0
0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05
initialization trigger
FTM counter
synchronization
FTM counter
system clock
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x000F
Figure 37-79. Initialization trigger is generated when there is the FTM counter
synchronization
CPWMS = 0
0x00
00 01
0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05
initialization trigger
CLKS[1:0] bits
FTM counter
system clock
CNTIN = 0x0000
MOD = 0x000F
Figure 37-80. Initialization trigger is generated if (CNT = CNTIN), (CLKS[1:0] = 0:0), and a
value different from zero is written to CLKS[1:0] bits
system clock
CNT
channel (n) input
CHnF bit
C(n)V XX 0x27
selected channel (n) input event: rising edge
NOTE
Channel (n) input after its synchronizer and filter
MOD = 0xFFFF
CNTIN = 0x0000
PS[2:0] = 3'b000
ICRST = 1'b1
... 0x27 ...
0x00 0x01 0x02 0x030x260x250x240x230x220x210x20
initialization trigger
Figure 37-81. Initialization trigger is generated if the channel (n) is in Input Capture
mode, ICRST = 1 and the selected input capture event occurs in the channel (n) input
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The initialization trigger output provides a trigger signal that is used for on-chip modules.
37.4.22 Capture Test mode
The Capture Test mode allows to test the CnV registers, the FTM counter and the
interconnection logic between the FTM counter and CnV registers.
In this test mode, all channels must be configured for Input Capture mode and FTM
counter must be configured to the Up counting.
When the Capture Test mode is enabled (CAPTEST = 1), the FTM counter is frozen and
any write to CNT register updates directly the FTM counter; see the following figure.
After it was written, all CnV registers are updated with the written value to CNT register
and CHnF bits are set. Therefore, the FTM counter is updated with its next value
according to its configuration. Its next value depends on CNTIN, MOD, and the written
value to FTM counter.
The next reads of CnV registers return the written value to the FTM counter and the next
reads of CNT register return FTM counter next value.
NOTE
FTM counter clock
write to MODE
CAPTEST bit
FTM counter
write to CNT
CHnF bit
CnV
- FTM counter configuration: (FTMEN = 1), (QUADEN = 0), (CAPTEST = 1), (CPWMS = 0), (CNTIN = 0x0000), and
(MOD = 0xFFFF)
- FTM channel n configuration: input capture mode - (DECAPEN = 0), (COMBINE = 0), and (MSnB:MSnA = 0:0)
0x0300
0x78AC
set CAPTEST clear CAPTEST
write 0x78AC
0x1056
0x1053 0x1055
0x1054 0x78AC 0x78AD 0x78AE 0x78AF 0x78B0
Figure 37-82. Capture Test mode
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37.4.23 DMA
The channel generates a DMA transfer request according to DMA and CHnIE bits. See
the following table.
Table 37-13. Channel DMA transfer request
DMA CHnIE Channel DMA Transfer Request Channel Interrupt
0 0 The channel DMA transfer request is not
generated.
The channel interrupt is not generated.
0 1 The channel DMA transfer request is not
generated.
The channel interrupt is generated if (CHnF = 1).
1 0 The channel DMA transfer request is not
generated.
The channel interrupt is not generated.
1 1 The channel DMA transfer request is generated if
(CHnF = 1).
The channel interrupt is not generated.
If DMA = 1, the CHnF bit is cleared either by channel DMA transfer done or reading
CnSC while CHnF is set and then writing a zero to CHnF bit according to CHnIE bit. See
the following table.
Table 37-14. Clear CHnF bit when DMA = 1
CHnIE How CHnF Bit Can Be Cleared
0 CHnF bit is cleared either when the channel DMA transfer is done or by reading CnSC while CHnF is set and
then writing a 0 to CHnF bit.
1 CHnF bit is cleared when the channel DMA transfer is done.
37.4.24 Dual Edge Capture mode
The Dual Edge Capture mode is selected if DECAPEN = 1. This mode allows to measure
a pulse width or period of the signal on the input of channel (n) of a channel pair. The
channel (n) filter can be active in this mode when n is 0 or 2.
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channel (n) input
system clock
synchronizer
Filter*
Dual edge capture
mode logic
is filter
enabled?
FTM counter
* Filtering function for dual edge capture mode is only available in the channels 0 and 2
channel (n)
interrupt
channel (n+1)
interrupt
C(n+1)V[15:0]
C(n)V[15:0]
CH(n+1)IE
CH(n+1)F
CH(n)IE
CH(n)F
FTMEN
DECAPEN
DECAP
MS(n)A
ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A
ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A
CLK CLK
DQDQ
0
1
Figure 37-83. Dual Edge Capture mode block diagram
The MS(n)A bit defines if the Dual Edge Capture mode is one-shot or continuous.
The ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits select the edge that is captured by channel (n), and ELS(n
+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits select the edge that is captured by channel (n+1). If both
ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits select the same edge, then it is the
period measurement. If these bits select different edges, then it is a pulse width
measurement.
In the Dual Edge Capture mode, only channel (n) input is used and channel (n+1) input is
ignored.
If the selected edge by channel (n) bits is detected at channel (n) input, then CH(n)F bit is
set and the channel (n) interrupt is generated (if CH(n)IE = 1). If the selected edge by
channel (n+1) bits is detected at channel (n) input and (CH(n)F = 1), then CH(n+1)F bit is
set and the channel (n+1) interrupt is generated (if CH(n+1)IE = 1).
The C(n)V register stores the value of FTM counter when the selected edge by channel
(n) is detected at channel (n) input. The C(n+1)V register stores the value of FTM
counter when the selected edge by channel (n+1) is detected at channel (n) input.
In this mode, a coherency mechanism ensures coherent data when the C(n)V and C(n
+1)V registers are read. The only requirement is that C(n)V must be read before C(n
+1)V.
Note
• The CH(n)F, CH(n)IE, MS(n)A, ELS(n)B, and ELS(n)A
bits are channel (n) bits.
Functional description
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
900 NXP Semiconductors
• The CH(n+1)F, CH(n+1)IE, MS(n+1)A, ELS(n+1)B, and
ELS(n+1)A bits are channel (n+1) bits.
• The Dual Edge Capture mode must be used with
ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A = 0:1 or 1:0, ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A =
0:1 or 1:0 and the FTM counter in Free running counter.
37.4.24.1 One-Shot Capture mode
The One-Shot Capture mode is selected when (DECAPEN = 1), and (MS(n)A = 0). In
this capture mode, only one pair of edges at the channel (n) input is captured. The
ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits select the first edge to be captured, and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A
bits select the second edge to be captured.
The edge captures are enabled while DECAP bit is set. For each new measurement in
One-Shot Capture mode, first the CH(n)F and CH(n+1) bits must be cleared, and then the
DECAP bit must be set.
In this mode, the DECAP bit is automatically cleared by FTM when the edge selected by
channel (n+1) is captured. Therefore, while DECAP bit is set, the one-shot capture is in
process. When this bit is cleared, both edges were captured and the captured values are
ready for reading in the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers.
Similarly, when the CH(n+1)F bit is set, both edges were captured and the captured
values are ready for reading in the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers.
37.4.24.2 Continuous Capture mode
The Continuous Capture mode is selected when (DECAPEN = 1), and (MS(n)A = 1). In
this capture mode, the edges at the channel (n) input are captured continuously. The
ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits select the initial edge to be captured, and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A
bits select the final edge to be captured.
The edge captures are enabled while DECAP bit is set. For the initial use, first the
CH(n)F and CH(n+1)F bits must be cleared, and then DECAP bit must be set to start the
continuous measurements.
When the CH(n+1)F bit is set, both edges were captured and the captured values are
ready for reading in the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers. The latest captured values are
always available in these registers even after the DECAP bit is cleared.
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In this mode, it is possible to clear only the CH(n+1)F bit. Therefore, when the CH(n+1)F
bit is set again, the latest captured values are available in C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers.
For a new sequence of the measurements in the Dual Edge Capture – Continuous mode,
clear the CH(n)F and CH(n+1)F bits to start new measurements.
37.4.24.3 Pulse width measurement
If the channel (n) is configured to capture rising edges (ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A = 0:1) and the
channel (n+1) to capture falling edges (ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A = 1:0), then the positive
polarity pulse width is measured. If the channel (n) is configured to capture falling edges
(ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A = 1:0) and the channel (n+1) to capture rising edges (ELS(n
+1)B:ELS(n+1)A = 0:1), then the negative polarity pulse width is measured.
The pulse width measurement can be made in One-Shot Capture mode or Continuous
Capture mode.
The following figure shows an example of the Dual Edge Capture – One-Shot mode used
to measure the positive polarity pulse width. The DECAPEN bit selects the Dual Edge
Capture mode, so it remains set. The DECAP bit is set to enable the measurement of next
positive polarity pulse width. The CH(n)F bit is set when the first edge of this pulse is
detected, that is, the edge selected by ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits. The CH(n+1)F bit is set
and DECAP bit is cleared when the second edge of this pulse is detected, that is, the edge
selected by ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits. Both DECAP and CH(n+1)F bits indicate when
two edges of the pulse were captured and the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers are ready for
reading.
Functional description
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channel (n) input
(after the filter
DECAPEN bit
C(n+1)V
FTM counter
clear CH(n+1)F
problem 1 problem 2
2
1
2
3
channel input)
DECAP bit
set DECAPEN
set DECAP
5
6
7
8
10
3
4 6
5
Note
- The commands set DECAPEN, set DECAP, clear CH(n)F, and clear CH(n+1)F are made by the user.
4
9
11
12
13
14
9
10
7
8
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
15
16
19
20 22 24
- Problem 1: channel (n) input = 1, set DECAP, not clear CH(n)F, and clear CH(n+1)F.
- Problem 2: channel (n) input = 1, set DECAP, not clear CH(n)F, and not clear CH(n+1)F.
C(n)V
CH(n+1)F bit
CH(n)F bit
clear CH(n)F
1
Figure 37-84. Dual Edge Capture – One-Shot mode for positive polarity pulse width
measurement
The following figure shows an example of the Dual Edge Capture – Continuous mode
used to measure the positive polarity pulse width. The DECAPEN bit selects the Dual
Edge Capture mode, so it remains set. While the DECAP bit is set the configured
measurements are made. The CH(n)F bit is set when the first edge of the positive polarity
pulse is detected, that is, the edge selected by ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits. The CH(n+1)F bit
is set when the second edge of this pulse is detected, that is, the edge selected by ELS(n
+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits. The CH(n+1)F bit indicates when two edges of the pulse were
captured and the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers are ready for reading.
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NXP Semiconductors 903
channel (n) input
(after the filter
DECAPEN bit
C(n+1)V
FTM counter
clear CH(n+1)F
2
1
2
3
channel input)
DECAP bit
set DECAPEN
set DECAP
5
6
7
8
10
3
46
5
Note
- The commands set DECAPEN, set DECAP, clear CH(n)F, and clear CH(n+1)F are made by the user.
4
9
11
12
13
14
9
10
7
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
15
16 20
C(n)V
CH(n+1)F bit
CH(n)F bit
clear CH(n)F
1
812 22 24
11 19 21 23
Figure 37-85. Dual Edge Capture – Continuous mode for positive polarity pulse width
measurement
37.4.24.4 Period measurement
If the channels (n) and (n+1) are configured to capture consecutive edges of the same
polarity, then the period of the channel (n) input signal is measured. If both channels (n)
and (n+1) are configured to capture rising edges (ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A = 0:1 and ELS(n
+1)B:ELS(n+1)A = 0:1), then the period between two consecutive rising edges is
measured. If both channels (n) and (n+1) are configured to capture falling edges
(ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A = 1:0 and ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n+1)A = 1:0), then the period between
two consecutive falling edges is measured.
The period measurement can be made in One-Shot Capture mode or Continuous Capture
mode.
Functional description
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904 NXP Semiconductors
The following figure shows an example of the Dual Edge Capture – One-Shot mode used
to measure the period between two consecutive rising edges. The DECAPEN bit selects
the Dual Edge Capture mode, so it remains set. The DECAP bit is set to enable the
measurement of next period. The CH(n)F bit is set when the first rising edge is detected,
that is, the edge selected by ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits. The CH(n+1)F bit is set and DECAP
bit is cleared when the second rising edge is detected, that is, the edge selected by ELS(n
+1)B:ELS(n+1)A bits. Both DECAP and CH(n+1)F bits indicate when two selected
edges were captured and the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers are ready for reading.
channel (n) input
(after the filter
DECAPEN bit
C(n+1)V
FTM counter
clear CH(n+1)F
problem 2
2
1
2
3
channel input)
DECAP bit
set DECAPEN
set DECAP
5
6
7
8
10
3
46
5
Note
- The commands set DECAPEN, set DECAP, clear CH(n)F, and clear CH(n+1)F are made by the user.
4
9
11
12
13
14
6
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
17 20
15 20 23
C(n)V
CH(n+1)F bit
CH(n)F bit
clear CH(n)F
1
- Problem 1: channel (n) input = 0, set DECAP, not clear CH(n)F, and not clear CH(n+1)F.
- Problem 2: channel (n) input = 1, set DECAP, not clear CH(n)F, and clear CH(n+1)F.
- Problem 3: channel (n) input = 1, set DECAP, not clear CH(n)F, and not clear CH(n+1)F.
problem 3
problem 1
7918 26
18
14 27
7
Figure 37-86. Dual Edge Capture – One-Shot mode to measure of the period between
two consecutive rising edges
The following figure shows an example of the Dual Edge Capture – Continuous mode
used to measure the period between two consecutive rising edges. The DECAPEN bit
selects the Dual Edge Capture mode, so it remains set. While the DECAP bit is set the
configured measurements are made. The CH(n)F bit is set when the first rising edge is
detected, that is, the edge selected by ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A bits. The CH(n+1)F bit is set
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when the second rising edge is detected, that is, the edge selected by ELS(n+1)B:ELS(n
+1)A bits. The CH(n+1)F bit indicates when two edges of the period were captured and
the C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers are ready for reading.
channel (n) input
(after the filter
DECAPEN bit
C(n+1)V
FTM counter
clear CH(n+1)F
2
1
2
3
channel input)
DECAP bit
set DECAPEN
set DECAP
5
6
7
8
10
3
46
5
Note
- The commands set DECAPEN, set DECAP, clear CH(n)F, and clear CH(n+1)F are made by the user.
4
9
11
12
13
14
9
10
7
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
26
27
28
15
16 21
C(n)V
CH(n+1)F bit
CH(n)F bit
clear CH(n)F
1
812 22 24
11 19 21 23
25 27
23
20
19
17
7911 13 15
6810 12 1614 24
22
20
18 26
25
21
Figure 37-87. Dual Edge Capture – Continuous mode to measure of the period between
two consecutive rising edges
37.4.24.5 Read coherency mechanism
The Dual Edge Capture mode implements a read coherency mechanism between the
FTM counter value captured in C(n)V and C(n+1)V registers. The read coherency
mechanism is illustrated in the following figure. In this example, the channels (n) and (n
+1) are in Dual Edge Capture – Continuous mode for positive polarity pulse width
measurement. Thus, the channel (n) is configured to capture the FTM counter value when
there is a rising edge at channel (n) input signal, and channel (n+1) to capture the FTM
counter value when there is a falling edge at channel (n) input signal.
Functional description
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906 NXP Semiconductors
When a rising edge occurs in the channel (n) input signal, the FTM counter value is
captured into channel (n) capture buffer. The channel (n) capture buffer value is
transferred to C(n)V register when a falling edge occurs in the channel (n) input signal.
C(n)V register has the FTM counter value when the previous rising edge occurred, and
the channel (n) capture buffer has the FTM counter value when the last rising edge
occurred.
When a falling edge occurs in the channel (n) input signal, the FTM counter value is
captured into channel (n+1) capture buffer. The channel (n+1) capture buffer value is
transferred to C(n+1)V register when the C(n)V register is read.
In the following figure, the read of C(n)V returns the FTM counter value when the event
1 occurred and the read of C(n+1)V returns the FTM counter value when the event 2
occurred.
read C(n+1)V
FTM counter
channel (n) input
(after the filter
channel input)
channel (n)
capture buffer
C(n)V
C(n+1)V
channel (n+1)
capture buffer
event 1
event 2
event 3
event 4
event 5
event 6 event 7
event 8
event 9
12 3 45 6 7 8 9
9
137
5
68
4
2
2
135 7
read C(n)V
Figure 37-88. Dual Edge Capture mode read coherency mechanism
C(n)V register must be read prior to C(n+1)V register in dual edge capture one-shot and
continuous modes for the read coherency mechanism works properly.
37.4.25 Quadrature Decoder mode
The Quadrature Decoder mode is selected if (QUADEN = 1). The Quadrature Decoder
mode uses the input signals phase A and B to control the FTM counter increment and
decrement. The following figure shows the quadrature decoder block diagram.
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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NXP Semiconductors 907
phase A input
system clock
phase B input
synchronizer
CH0FVAL[3:0]
PHAFLTREN
filtered phase A signal
PHAPOL PHBPOL
filtered phase B signal
PHBFLTREN
CH1FVAL[3:0]
synchronizer
Filter
CLK
DQ
CLK
DQ
CLK
DQ
CLK
DQ
Filter
Filter
FTM counter
direction
FTM counter
enable
up/down
CNTIN
MOD
TOFDIR QUADIR
0
1
0
1
Figure 37-89. Quadrature Decoder block diagram
Each one of input signals phase A and B has a filter that is equivalent to the filter used in
the channels input; Filter for Input Capture mode. The phase A input filter is enabled by
PHAFLTREN bit and this filter’s value is defined by CH0FVAL[3:0] bits
(CH(n)FVAL[3:0] bits in FILTER0 register). The phase B input filter is enabled by
PHBFLTREN bit and this filter’s value is defined by CH1FVAL[3:0] bits (CH(n
+1)FVAL[3:0] bits in FILTER0 register).
Except for CH0FVAL[3:0] and CH1FVAL[3:0] bits, no channel logic is used in
Quadrature Decoder mode.
Note
Notice that the FTM counter is clocked by the phase A and B
input signals when quadrature decoder mode is selected.
Therefore it is expected that the Quadrature Decoder be used
only with the FTM channels in input capture or output compare
modes.
Note
An edge at phase A must not occur together an edge at phase B
and vice-versa.
The PHAPOL bit selects the polarity of the phase A input, and the PHBPOL bit selects
the polarity of the phase B input.
Functional description
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908 NXP Semiconductors
The QUADMODE selects the encoding mode used in the Quadrature Decoder mode. If
QUADMODE = 1, then the count and direction encoding mode is enabled; see the
following figure. In this mode, the phase B input value indicates the counting direction,
and the phase A input defines the counting rate. The FTM counter is updated when there
is a rising edge at phase A input signal.
phase B (counting direction)
phase A (counting rate)
FTM counter
increment/decrement
FTM counter
MOD
CNTIN
0x0000
Time
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Figure 37-90. Quadrature Decoder – Count and Direction Encoding mode
If QUADMODE = 0, then the Phase A and Phase B Encoding mode is enabled; see the
following figure. In this mode, the relationship between phase A and B signals indicates
the counting direction, and phase A and B signals define the counting rate. The FTM
counter is updated when there is an edge either at the phase A or phase B signals.
If PHAPOL = 0 and PHBPOL = 0, then the FTM counter increment happens when:
• there is a rising edge at phase A signal and phase B signal is at logic zero;
• there is a rising edge at phase B signal and phase A signal is at logic one;
• there is a falling edge at phase B signal and phase A signal is at logic zero;
• there is a falling edge at phase A signal and phase B signal is at logic one;
and the FTM counter decrement happens when:
• there is a falling edge at phase A signal and phase B signal is at logic zero;
• there is a falling edge at phase B signal and phase A signal is at logic one;
• there is a rising edge at phase B signal and phase A signal is at logic zero;
• there is a rising edge at phase A signal and phase B signal is at logic one.
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phase A
phase B
FTM counter
increment/decrement
FTM counter
MOD
CNTIN
0x0000
Time
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1
Figure 37-91. Quadrature Decoder – Phase A and Phase B Encoding mode
The following figure shows the FTM counter overflow in up counting. In this case, when
the FTM counter changes from MOD to CNTIN, TOF and TOFDIR bits are set. TOF bit
indicates the FTM counter overflow occurred. TOFDIR indicates the counting was up
when the FTM counter overflow occurred.
phase A
phase B
FTM counter
increment/decrement
FTM counter
MOD
CNTIN
0x0000
Time
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
set TOF
set TOFDIR
set TOF
set TOFDIR
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
Figure 37-92. FTM Counter overflow in up counting for Quadrature Decoder mode
The following figure shows the FTM counter overflow in down counting. In this case,
when the FTM counter changes from CNTIN to MOD, TOF bit is set and TOFDIR bit is
cleared. TOF bit indicates the FTM counter overflow occurred. TOFDIR indicates the
counting was down when the FTM counter overflow occurred.
Functional description
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phase A
phase B
FTM counter
increment/decrement
FTM counter
MOD
CNTIN
0x0000
Time
set TOF
clear TOFDIR
-1
set TOF
clear TOFDIR
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Figure 37-93. FTM counter overflow in down counting for Quadrature Decoder mode
37.4.25.1 Quadrature Decoder boundary conditions
The following figures show the FTM counter responding to motor jittering typical in
motor position control applications.
phase A
phase B
FTM counter
MOD
CNTIN
0x0000
Time
Figure 37-94. Motor position jittering in a mid count value
The following figure shows motor jittering produced by the phase B and A pulses
respectively:
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phase A
phase B
FTM counter
MOD
CNTIN
0x0000
Time
Figure 37-95. Motor position jittering near maximum and minimum count value
The first highlighted transition causes a jitter on the FTM counter value near the
maximum count value (MOD). The second indicated transition occurs on phase A and
causes the FTM counter transition between the maximum and minimum count values
which are defined by MOD and CNTIN registers.
The appropriate settings of the phase A and phase B input filters are important to avoid
glitches that may cause oscillation on the FTM counter value. The preceding figures
show examples of oscillations that can be caused by poor input filter setup. Thus, it is
important to guarantee a minimum pulse width to avoid these oscillations.
37.4.26 BDM mode
When the chip is in BDM mode, the BDMMODE[1:0] bits select the behavior of the
FTM counter, the CH(n)F bit, the channels output, and the writes to the MOD, CNTIN,
and C(n)V registers according to the following table.
Table 37-15. FTM behavior when the chip Is in BDM mode
BDMMODE FTM
Counter CH(n)F Bit FTM Channels Output Writes to MOD, CNTIN, and C(n)V Registers
00 Stopped can be set Functional mode Writes to these registers bypass the registers
buffers
01 Stopped is not set The channels outputs are forced
to their safe value according to
POLn bit
Writes to these registers bypass the registers
buffers
10 Stopped is not set The channels outputs are frozen
when the chip enters in BDM
mode
Writes to these registers bypass the registers
buffers
Table continues on the next page...
Functional description
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Table 37-15. FTM behavior when the chip Is in BDM mode (continued)
BDMMODE FTM
Counter CH(n)F Bit FTM Channels Output Writes to MOD, CNTIN, and C(n)V Registers
11 Functional
mode
can be set Functional mode Functional mode
Note that if BDMMODE[1:0] = 2’b00 then the channels outputs remain at the value
when the chip enters in BDM mode, because the FTM counter is stopped. However, the
following situations modify the channels outputs in this BDM mode.
• Write any value to CNT register; see Counter reset. In this case, the FTM counter is
updated with the CNTIN register value and the channels outputs are updated to the
initial value – except for those channels set to Output Compare mode.
• FTM counter is reset by PWM Synchronization mode; see FTM counter
synchronization. In this case, the FTM counter is updated with the CNTIN register
value and the channels outputs are updated to the initial value – except for channels
in Output Compare mode.
• In the channels outputs initialization, the channel (n) output is forced to the CH(n)OI
bit value when the value 1 is written to INIT bit. See Initialization.
Note
The BDMMODE[1:0] = 2’b00 must not be used with the Fault
control. Even if the fault control is enabled and a fault condition
exists, the channels outputs values are updated as above.
Note
If CLKS[1:0] = 2'b00 in BDM, a non-zero value is written to
CLKS in BDM, and CnV = CNTIN when the BDM is disabled,
then the CHnF bit is set (since if the channel is a 0% EPWM
signal) when the BDM is disabled.
37.4.27 Intermediate load
The PWMLOAD register allows to update the MOD, CNTIN, and C(n)V registers with
the content of the register buffer at a defined load point. In this case, it is not required to
use the PWM synchronization.
There are multiple possible loading points for intermediate load:
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Table 37-16. When possible loading points are enabled
Loading point Enabled
When the FTM counter wraps from MOD value to CNTIN
value
Always
At the channel (j) match (FTM counter = C(j)V) When CHjSEL = 1
The following figure shows some examples of enabled loading points.
NOTE
(c)
(a) LDOK = 0, CH0SEL = 0, CH1SEL = 0, CH2SEL = 0, CH3SEL = 0, CH4SEL = 0, CH5SEL = 0, CH6SEL = 0, CH7SEL = 0
(b) LDOK = 1, CH0SEL = 0, CH1SEL = 0, CH2SEL = 0, CH3SEL = 0, CH4SEL = 0, CH5SEL = 0, CH6SEL = 0, CH7SEL = 0
(c) LDOK = 0, CH0SEL = 0, CH1SEL = 0, CH2SEL = 0, CH3SEL = 1, CH4SEL = 0, CH5SEL = 0, CH6SEL = 0, CH7SEL = 0
(d) LDOK = 1, CH0SEL = 0, CH1SEL = 0, CH2SEL = 0, CH3SEL = 0, CH4SEL = 0, CH5SEL = 0, CH6SEL = 1, CH7SEL = 0
(e) LDOK = 1, CH0SEL = 1, CH1SEL = 0, CH2SEL = 1, CH3SEL = 0, CH4SEL = 1, CH5SEL = 0, CH6SEL = 1, CH7SEL = 0
(f) LDOK = 1, CH0SEL = 1, CH1SEL = 1, CH2SEL = 1, CH3SEL = 1, CH4SEL = 1, CH5SEL = 1, CH6SEL = 1, CH7SEL = 1
(d)
(e)
(f)
(b)
(a)
FTM counter = MOD
FTM counter = C7V
FTM counter = C6V
FTM counter = C5V
FTM counter = C4V
FTM counter = C3V
FTM counter = C2V
FTM counter = C1V
FTM counter = C0V
Figure 37-96. Loading points for intermediate load
After enabling the loading points, the LDOK bit must be set for the load to occur. In this
case, the load occurs at the next enabled loading point according to the following
conditions:
Table 37-17. Conditions for loads occurring at the next enabled loading point
When a new value was written Then
To the MOD register The MOD register is updated with its write buffer value.
Table continues on the next page...
Functional description
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Table 37-17. Conditions for loads occurring at the next enabled loading point (continued)
When a new value was written Then
To the CNTIN register and CNTINC = 1 The CNTIN register is updated with its write buffer value.
To the C(n)V register and SYNCENm = 1 – where m indicates
the pair channels (n) and (n+1)
The C(n)V register is updated with its write buffer value.
To the C(n+1)V register and SYNCENm = 1 – where m
indicates the pair channels (n) and (n+1)
The C(n+1)V register is updated with its write buffer value.
NOTE
• If ELSjB and ELSjA bits are different from zero, then the
channel (j) output signal is generated according to the
configured output mode. If ELSjB and ELSjA bits are zero,
then the generated signal is not available on channel (j)
output.
• If CHjIE = 1, then the channel (j) interrupt is generated
when the channel (j) match occurs.
• At the intermediate load neither the channels outputs nor
the FTM counter are changed. Software must set the
intermediate load at a safe point in time.
37.4.28 Global time base (GTB)
The global time base (GTB) is a FTM function that allows the synchronization of
multiple FTM modules on a chip. The following figure shows an example of the GTB
feature used to synchronize two FTM modules. In this case, the FTM A and B channels
can behave as if just one FTM module was used, that is, a global time base.
GTBEOUT bit
gtb_in
gtb_out
gtb_in
example glue logic
FTM module B
FTM module A
GTBEEN bit
FTM counter
enable logic
FTM counter
enable
gtb_out
Figure 37-97. Global time base (GTB) block diagram
Chapter 37 FlexTimer Module (FTM)
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The GTB functionality is implemented by the GTBEEN and GTBEOUT bits in the
CONF register, the input signal gtb_in, and the output signal gtb_out. The GTBEEN bit
enables gtb_in to control the FTM counter enable signal:
• If GTBEEN = 0, each one of FTM modules works independently according to their
configured mode.
• If GTBEEN = 1, the FTM counter update is enabled only when gtb_in is 1.
In the configuration described in the preceding figure, FTM modules A and B have their
FTM counters enabled if at least one of the gtb_out signals from one of the FTM modules
is 1. There are several possible configurations for the interconnection of the gtb_in and
gtb_out signals, represented by the example glue logic shown in the figure. Note that
these configurations are chip-dependent and implemented outside of the FTM modules.
See the chip-specific FTM information for the chip's specific implementation.
NOTE
• In order to use the GTB signals to synchronize the FTM
counter of different FTM modules, the configuration of
each FTM module should guarantee that its FTM counter
starts counting as soon as the gtb_in signal is 1.
• The GTB feature does not provide continuous
synchronization of FTM counters, meaning that the FTM
counters may lose synchronization during FTM operation.
The GTB feature only allows the FTM counters to start
their operation synchronously.
37.4.28.1 Enabling the global time base (GTB)
To enable the GTB feature, follow these steps for each participating FTM module:
1. Stop the FTM counter: Write 00b to SC[CLKS].
2. Program the FTM to the intended configuration. The FTM counter mode needs to be
consistent across all participating modules.
3. Write 1 to CONF[GTBEEN] and write 0 to CONF[GTBEOUT] at the same time.
4. Select the intended FTM counter clock source in SC[CLKS]. The clock source needs
to be consistent across all participating modules.
5. Reset the FTM counter: Write any value to the CNT register.
To initiate the GTB feature in the configuration described in the preceding figure, write 1
to CONF[GTBEOUT] in the FTM module used as the time base.
Functional description
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37.5 Reset overview
The FTM is reset whenever any chip reset occurs.
When the FTM exits from reset:
• the FTM counter and the prescaler counter are zero and are stopped (CLKS[1:0] =
00b);
• the timer overflow interrupt is zero, see Timer Overflow Interrupt;
• the channels interrupts are zero, see Channel (n) Interrupt;
• the fault interrupt is zero, see Fault Interrupt;
• the channels are in input capture mode, see Input Capture mode;
• the channels outputs are zero;
• the channels pins are not controlled by FTM (ELS(n)B:ELS(n)A = 0:0) (See the table
in the description of CnSC register).
The following figure shows the FTM behavior after the reset. At the reset (item 1), the
FTM counter is disabled (see the description of the CLKS field in the Status and Control
register), its value is updated to zero and the pins are not controlled by FTM (See the
table in the description of CnSC register).
After the reset, the FTM should be configurated (item 2). It is necessary to define the
FTM counter mode, the FTM counting limits (MOD and CNTIN registers value), the
channels mode and CnV registers value according to the channels mode.
Thus, it is recommended to write any value to CNT register (item 3). This write updates
the FTM counter with the CNTIN register value and the channels output with its initial
value (except for channels in output compare mode) (Counter reset).
The next step is to select the FTM counter clock by the CLKS[1:0] bits (item 4). It is
important to highlight that the pins are only controlled by FTM when CLKS[1:0] bits are
different from zero (See the table in the description of CnSC register).
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(1) FTM reset
0x00160x00150x00140x00130x0011 . . .0x0010 0x00180x0017XXXX 0x0000 0x0012
FTM counter
CLKS[1:0]
channel (n) output
(4) write 1 to SC[CLKS]
(3) write any value
to CNT register
(2) FTM configuration channel (n) pin is controlled by FTM
NOTES:
– CNTIN = 0x0010
– Channel (n) is in low-true combine mode with CNTIN < C(n)V < C(n+1)V < MOD
– C(n)V = 0x0015
00
XX 01
Figure 37-98. FTM behavior after reset when the channel (n) is in Combine mode
The following figure shows an example when the channel (n) is in Output Compare mode
and the channel (n) output is toggled when there is a match. In the Output Compare
mode, the channel output is not updated to its initial value when there is a write to CNT
register (item 3). In this case, use the software output control (Software output control) or
the initialization (Initialization) to update the channel output to the selected value (item
4).
(1) FTM reset
0x00150x00140x00130x0012 . . .0x0010 0x00170x0016XXXX 0x0000 0x0011
FTM counter
CLKS[1:0]
channel (n) output
(5) write 1 to SC[CLKS]
(3) write any value
to CNT register
(2) FTM configuration channel (n) pin is controlled by FTM
NOTES:
– CNTIN = 0x0010
– Channel (n) is in output compare and the channel (n) output is toggled when there is a match
– C(n)V = 0x0014
00
XX 01
(4) use of software output control or initialization
to update the channel output to the zero
Figure 37-99. FTM behavior after reset when the channel (n) is in Output Compare mode
37.6 FTM Interrupts
FTM Interrupts
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37.6.1 Timer Overflow Interrupt
The timer overflow interrupt is generated when (TOIE = 1) and (TOF = 1).
37.6.2 Channel (n) Interrupt
The channel (n) interrupt is generated when (CHnIE = 1) and (CHnF = 1).
37.6.3 Fault Interrupt
The fault interrupt is generated when (FAULTIE = 1) and (FAULTF = 1).
37.7 Initialization Procedure
The following initialization procedure is recommended to configure the FlexTimer
operation. This procedure can also be used to do a new configuration of the FlexTimer
operation.
• Define the POL bits.
• Mask the channels outputs using SYNCHOM = 0. Two clocks after the write to
OUTMASK, the channels output are in the safe value.
• (Re)Configuration FTM counter and channels to generation of periodic signals -
Disable the clock. If the selected mode is Quadrature Decoder, then disable this
mode. Examples of the (re)configuration:
• Write to MOD.
• Write to CNTIN.
• Select OC, EPWM, CPWM, Combine, Complement modes for all channels that
will be used
• Select the high-true and low-true channels modes.
• Write to CnV for all channels that will be used .
• (Re)Configure deadtime and fault control.
• Do not use the SWOC without SW synchronization (see item 6).
• Do not use the Inverting without SW synchronization (see item 6).
• Do not use the Initialization.
• Do not change the polarity control.
• Do not configure the HW synchronization
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• Write any value to CNT. The FTM Counter is reset and the channels output are
updated according to new configuration.
• Enable the clock. Write to CLKS[1:0] bits a value different from zero. If in the
Quadrature Decoder mode, enable this mode.
• Configure the SW synchronization for SWOC (if it is necessary), Inverting (if it is
necessary) and Output Mask (always)
• Select synchronization for Output Mask Write to SYNC (SWSYNC = 0, TRIG2
= 0, TRIG1 = 0, TRIG0 = 0, SYNCHOM = 1, REINIT = 0, CNTMAX = 0,
CNTMIN = 0)
• Write to SYNCONF.
• HW Synchronization can not be enabled (HWSOC = 0, HWINVC = 0,
HWOM = 0, HWWRBUF = 0, HWRSTCNT = 0, HWTRIGMODE = 0).
• SW Synchronization for SWOC (if it is necessary): SWSOC = [0/1] and
SWOC = [0/1].
• SW Synchronization for Inverting (if it is necessary): SWINVC = [0/1] and
INVC = [0/1].
• SW Synchronization for SWOM (always): SWOM = 1. No enable the SW
Synchronization for write buffers (because the writes to registers with write
buffer are done using CLKS[1:0] = 2’b00): SWWRBUF = 0 and CNTINC =
0 .
• SW Synchronization for counter reset (always): SWRSTCNT = 1.
• Enhanced synchronization (always): SYNCMODE = 1
• If the SWOC is used (SWSOC = 1 and SWOC = 1), then write to SWOCTRL
register.
• If the Inverting is used (SWINVC = 1 and INVC = 1), then write to INVCTRL
register.
• Write to OUTMASK to enable the masked channels.
• Generate the Software Trigger Write to SYNC (SWSYNC = 1, TRIG2 = 0, TRIG1 =
0, TRIG0 = 0, SYNCHOM = 1, REINIT = 0, CNTMAX = 0, CNTMIN = 0)
Initialization Procedure
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Chapter 38
Periodic Interrupt Timer (PIT)
38.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The PIT module is an array of timers that can be used to raise interrupts and trigger DMA
channels.
38.1.1 Block diagram
The following figure shows the block diagram of the PIT module.
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Timer n
Timer 1
PIT
registers
Peripheral bus
load_value
PIT
Triggers
Peripheral
bus clock
Interrupts
Figure 38-1. Block diagram of the PIT
NOTE
See the chip-specific PIT information for the number of PIT
channels used in this MCU.
38.1.2 Features
The main features of this block are:
• Ability of timers to generate DMA trigger pulses
• Ability of timers to generate interrupts
• Maskable interrupts
• Independent timeout periods for each timer
38.2 Signal description
The PIT module has no external pins.
Signal description
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38.3 Memory map/register description
This section provides a detailed description of all registers accessible in the PIT module.
• Reserved registers will read as 0, writes will have no effect.
• See the chip-specific PIT information for the number of PIT channels used in this
MCU.
PIT memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_7000 PIT Module Control Register (PIT_MCR) 32 R/W 0000_0006h 38.3.1/923
4003_7100 Timer Load Value Register (PIT_LDVAL0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.2/925
4003_7104 Current Timer Value Register (PIT_CVAL0) 32 R 0000_0000h 38.3.3/925
4003_7108 Timer Control Register (PIT_TCTRL0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.4/926
4003_710C Timer Flag Register (PIT_TFLG0) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.5/926
4003_7110 Timer Load Value Register (PIT_LDVAL1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.2/925
4003_7114 Current Timer Value Register (PIT_CVAL1) 32 R 0000_0000h 38.3.3/925
4003_7118 Timer Control Register (PIT_TCTRL1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.4/926
4003_711C Timer Flag Register (PIT_TFLG1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.5/926
4003_7120 Timer Load Value Register (PIT_LDVAL2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.2/925
4003_7124 Current Timer Value Register (PIT_CVAL2) 32 R 0000_0000h 38.3.3/925
4003_7128 Timer Control Register (PIT_TCTRL2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.4/926
4003_712C Timer Flag Register (PIT_TFLG2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.5/926
4003_7130 Timer Load Value Register (PIT_LDVAL3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.2/925
4003_7134 Current Timer Value Register (PIT_CVAL3) 32 R 0000_0000h 38.3.3/925
4003_7138 Timer Control Register (PIT_TCTRL3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.4/926
4003_713C Timer Flag Register (PIT_TFLG3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 38.3.5/926
38.3.1 PIT Module Control Register (PIT_MCR)
This register enables or disables the PIT timer clocks and controls the timers when the
PIT enters the Debug mode.
Access: User read/write
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Address: 4003_7000h base + 0h offset = 4003_7000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
Reserved
MDIS FRZ
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
PIT_MCR field descriptions
Field Description
31–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
1
MDIS
Module Disable - (PIT section)
Disables the standard timers. This field must be enabled before any other setup is done.
0 Clock for standard PIT timers is enabled.
1 Clock for standard PIT timers is disabled.
0
FRZ
Freeze
Allows the timers to be stopped when the device enters the Debug mode.
0 Timers continue to run in Debug mode.
1 Timers are stopped in Debug mode.
Memory map/register description
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38.3.2 Timer Load Value Register (PIT_LDVALn)
These registers select the timeout period for the timer interrupts.
Access: User read/write
Address: 4003_7000h base + 100h offset + (16d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTSV
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PIT_LDVALn field descriptions
Field Description
TSV Timer Start Value
Sets the timer start value. The timer will count down until it reaches 0, then it will generate an interrupt and
load this register value again. Writing a new value to this register will not restart the timer; instead the
value will be loaded after the timer expires. To abort the current cycle and start a timer period with the new
value, the timer must be disabled and enabled again.
38.3.3 Current Timer Value Register (PIT_CVALn)
These registers indicate the current timer position.
Access: User read only
Address: 4003_7000h base + 104h offset + (16d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTVL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PIT_CVALn field descriptions
Field Description
TVL Current Timer Value
Represents the current timer value, if the timer is enabled.
NOTE: • If the timer is disabled, do not use this field as its value is unreliable.
• The timer uses a downcounter. The timer values are frozen in Debug mode if MCR[FRZ] is
set.
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38.3.4 Timer Control Register (PIT_TCTRLn)
These registers contain the control bits for each timer.
Access: User read/write
Address: 4003_7000h base + 108h offset + (16d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0CHN TIE TEN
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PIT_TCTRLn field descriptions
Field Description
31–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
CHN
Chain Mode
When activated, Timer n-1 needs to expire before timer n can decrement by 1.
Timer 0 cannot be chained.
0 Timer is not chained.
1 Timer is chained to previous timer. For example, for Channel 2, if this field is set, Timer 2 is chained to
Timer 1.
1
TIE
Timer Interrupt Enable
When an interrupt is pending, or, TFLGn[TIF] is set, enabling the interrupt will immediately cause an
interrupt event. To avoid this, the associated TFLGn[TIF] must be cleared first.
0 Interrupt requests from Timer n are disabled.
1 Interrupt will be requested whenever TIF is set.
0
TEN
Timer Enable
Enables or disables the timer.
0 Timer n is disabled.
1 Timer n is enabled.
38.3.5 Timer Flag Register (PIT_TFLGn)
These registers hold the PIT interrupt flags.
Access: User read/write
Memory map/register description
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Address: 4003_7000h base + 10Ch offset + (16d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 TIF
Ww1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PIT_TFLGn field descriptions
Field Description
31–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
TIF
Timer Interrupt Flag
Sets to 1 at the end of the timer period. Writing 1 to this flag clears it. Writing 0 has no effect. If enabled,
or, when TCTRLn[TIE] = 1, TIF causes an interrupt request.
0 Timeout has not yet occurred.
1 Timeout has occurred.
38.4 Functional description
This section provides the functional description of the module.
38.4.1 General operation
This section gives detailed information on the internal operation of the module. Each
timer can be used to generate trigger pulses and interrupts. Each interrupt is available on
a separate interrupt line.
38.4.1.1 Timers
The timers generate triggers at periodic intervals, when enabled. The timers load the start
values as specified in their LDVAL registers, count down to 0 and then load the
respective start value again. Each time a timer reaches 0, it will generate a trigger pulse
and set the interrupt flag.
All interrupts can be enabled or masked by setting TCTRLn[TIE]. A new interrupt can be
generated only after the previous one is cleared.
Chapter 38 Periodic Interrupt Timer (PIT)
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If desired, the current counter value of the timer can be read via the CVAL registers.
The counter period can be restarted, by first disabling, and then enabling the timer with
TCTRLn[TEN]. See the following figure.
p1
Timer enabled
Disable
timer
p1 p1
Start value = p1
Trigger
event
p1
Re-enable
timer
Figure 38-2. Stopping and starting a timer
The counter period of a running timer can be modified, by first disabling the timer,
setting a new load value, and then enabling the timer again. See the following figure.
Timer enabled Disable timer,
p1
p1
Re-enable
timer
Start value = p1
Trigger
event
Set new load value
p2 p2 p2
Figure 38-3. Modifying running timer period
It is also possible to change the counter period without restarting the timer by writing
LDVAL with the new load value. This value will then be loaded after the next trigger
event. See the following figure.
Timer enabled
p1 p1
Start value = p1
Trigger
event
p2 p2
p1
New start
Value p2 set
Figure 38-4. Dynamically setting a new load value
Functional description
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38.4.1.2 Debug mode
In Debug mode, the timers will be frozen based on MCR[FRZ]. This is intended to aid
software development, allowing the developer to halt the processor, investigate the
current state of the system, for example, the timer values, and then continue the
operation.
38.4.2 Interrupts
All the timers support interrupt generation. See the MCU specification for related vector
addresses and priorities.
Timer interrupts can be enabled by setting TCTRLn[TIE]. TFLGn[TIF] are set to 1 when
a timeout occurs on the associated timer, and are cleared to 0 by writing a 1 to the
corresponding TFLGn[TIF].
38.4.3 Chained timers
When a timer has chain mode enabled, it will only count after the previous timer has
expired. So if timer n-1 has counted down to 0, counter n will decrement the value by
one. This allows to chain some of the timers together to form a longer timer. The first
timer (timer 0) cannot be chained to any other timer.
38.5 Initialization and application information
In the example configuration:
• The PIT clock has a frequency of 50 MHz.
• Timer 1 creates an interrupt every 5.12 ms.
• Timer 3 creates a trigger event every 30 ms.
The PIT module must be activated by writing a 0 to MCR[MDIS].
The 50 MHz clock frequency equates to a clock period of 20 ns. Timer 1 needs to trigger
every 5.12 ms/20 ns = 256,000 cycles and Timer 3 every 30 ms/20 ns = 1,500,000 cycles.
The value for the LDVAL register trigger is calculated as:
LDVAL trigger = (period / clock period) -1
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This means LDVAL1 and LDVAL3 must be written with 0x0003E7FF and 0x0016E35F
respectively.
The interrupt for Timer 1 is enabled by setting TCTRL1[TIE]. The timer is started by
writing 1 to TCTRL1[TEN].
Timer 3 shall be used only for triggering. Therefore, Timer 3 is started by writing a 1 to
TCTRL3[TEN]. TCTRL3[TIE] stays at 0.
The following example code matches the described setup:
// turn on PIT
PIT_MCR = 0x00;
// Timer 1
PIT_LDVAL1 = 0x0003E7FF; // setup timer 1 for 256000 cycles
PIT_TCTRL1 = TIE; // enable Timer 1 interrupts
PIT_TCTRL1 |= TEN; // start Timer 1
// Timer 3
PIT_LDVAL3 = 0x0016E35F; // setup timer 3 for 1500000 cycles
PIT_TCTRL3 |= TEN; // start Timer 3
38.6 Example configuration for chained timers
In the example configuration:
• The PIT clock has a frequency of 100 MHz.
• Timers 1 and 2 are available.
• An interrupt shall be raised every 1 minute.
The PIT module needs to be activated by writing a 0 to MCR[MDIS].
The 100 MHz clock frequency equates to a clock period of 10 ns, so the PIT needs to
count for 6000 million cycles, which is more than a single timer can do. So, Timer 1 is
set up to trigger every 6 s (600 million cycles). Timer 2 is chained to Timer 1 and
programmed to trigger 10 times.
The value for the LDVAL register trigger is calculated as number of cycles-1, so
LDVAL1 receives the value 0x23C345FF and LDVAL2 receives the value 0x00000009.
The interrupt for Timer 2 is enabled by setting TCTRL2[TIE], the Chain mode is
activated by setting TCTRL2[CHN], and the timer is started by writing a 1 to
TCTRL2[TEN]. TCTRL1[TEN] needs to be set, and TCTRL1[CHN] and TCTRL1[TIE]
are cleared.
Example configuration for chained timers
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The following example code matches the described setup:
// turn on PIT
PIT_MCR = 0x00;
// Timer 2
PIT_LDVAL2 = 0x00000009; // setup Timer 2 for 10 counts
PIT_TCTRL2 = TIE; // enable Timer 2 interrupt
PIT_TCTRL2 |= CHN; // chain Timer 2 to Timer 1
PIT_TCTRL2 |= TEN; // start Timer 2
// Timer 1
PIT_LDVAL1 = 0x23C345FF; // setup Timer 1 for 600 000 000 cycles
PIT_TCTRL1 = TEN; // start Timer 1
Chapter 38 Periodic Interrupt Timer (PIT)
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Example configuration for chained timers
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Chapter 39
Low-Power Timer (LPTMR)
39.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The low-power timer (LPTMR) can be configured to operate as a time counter with
optional prescaler, or as a pulse counter with optional glitch filter, across all power
modes, including the low-leakage modes. It can also continue operating through most
system reset events, allowing it to be used as a time of day counter.
39.1.1 Features
The features of the LPTMR module include:
• 16-bit time counter or pulse counter with compare
• Optional interrupt can generate asynchronous wakeup from any low-power mode
• Hardware trigger output
• Counter supports free-running mode or reset on compare
• Configurable clock source for prescaler/glitch filter
• Configurable input source for pulse counter
• Rising-edge or falling-edge
39.1.2 Modes of operation
The following table describes the operation of the LPTMR module in various modes.
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Table 39-1. Modes of operation
Modes Description
Run The LPTMR operates normally.
Wait
The LPTMR continues to operate normally and
may be configured to exit the low-power mode
by generating an interrupt request.
Stop
The LPTMR continues to operate normally and
may be configured to exit the low-power mode
by generating an interrupt request.
Low-Leakage
The LPTMR continues to operate normally and
may be configured to exit the low-power mode
by generating an interrupt request.
Debug
The LPTMR operates normally in Pulse Counter
mode, but counter does not increment in Time
Counter mode.
39.2 LPTMR signal descriptions
Table 39-2. LPTMR signal descriptions
Signal I/O Description
LPTMR0_ALTnI Pulse Counter Input pin
39.2.1 Detailed signal descriptions
Table 39-3. LPTMR interface—detailed signal descriptions
Signal I/O Description
LPTMR_ALTnI Pulse Counter Input
The LPTMR can select one of the input pins to be used in Pulse Counter mode.
State meaning Assertion—If configured for pulse counter mode with
active-high input, then assertion causes the CNR to
increment.
Deassertion—If configured for pulse counter mode with
active-low input, then deassertion causes the CNR to
increment.
Timing Assertion or deassertion may occur at any time; input may
assert asynchronously to the bus clock.
39.3 Memory map and register definition
LPTMR signal descriptions
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LPTMR memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4004_0000 Low Power Timer Control Status Register (LPTMR0_CSR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 39.3.1/935
4004_0004 Low Power Timer Prescale Register (LPTMR0_PSR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 39.3.2/936
4004_0008 Low Power Timer Compare Register (LPTMR0_CMR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 39.3.3/938
4004_000C Low Power Timer Counter Register (LPTMR0_CNR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 39.3.4/938
39.3.1 Low Power Timer Control Status Register (LPTMRx_CSR)
Address: 4004_0000h base + 0h offset = 4004_0000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 TCF TIE TPS TPP TFC TMS TEN
Ww1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPTMRx_CSR field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
TCF
Timer Compare Flag
TCF is set when the LPTMR is enabled and the CNR equals the CMR and increments. TCF is cleared
when the LPTMR is disabled or a logic 1 is written to it.
0 The value of CNR is not equal to CMR and increments.
1 The value of CNR is equal to CMR and increments.
6
TIE
Timer Interrupt Enable
When TIE is set, the LPTMR Interrupt is generated whenever TCF is also set.
0 Timer interrupt disabled.
1 Timer interrupt enabled.
5–4
TPS
Timer Pin Select
Configures the input source to be used in Pulse Counter mode. TPS must be altered only when the
LPTMR is disabled. The input connections vary by device. See the chip configuration details for
information on the connections to these inputs.
00 Pulse counter input 0 is selected.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 39 Low-Power Timer (LPTMR)
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LPTMRx_CSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
01 Pulse counter input 1 is selected.
10 Pulse counter input 2 is selected.
11 Pulse counter input 3 is selected.
3
TPP
Timer Pin Polarity
Configures the polarity of the input source in Pulse Counter mode. TPP must be changed only when the
LPTMR is disabled.
0 Pulse Counter input source is active-high, and the CNR will increment on the rising-edge.
1 Pulse Counter input source is active-low, and the CNR will increment on the falling-edge.
2
TFC
Timer Free-Running Counter
When clear, TFC configures the CNR to reset whenever TCF is set. When set, TFC configures the CNR to
reset on overflow. TFC must be altered only when the LPTMR is disabled.
0 CNR is reset whenever TCF is set.
1 CNR is reset on overflow.
1
TMS
Timer Mode Select
Configures the mode of the LPTMR. TMS must be altered only when the LPTMR is disabled.
0 Time Counter mode.
1 Pulse Counter mode.
0
TEN
Timer Enable
When TEN is clear, it resets the LPTMR internal logic, including the CNR and TCF. When TEN is set, the
LPTMR is enabled. While writing 1 to this field, CSR[5:1] must not be altered.
0 LPTMR is disabled and internal logic is reset.
1 LPTMR is enabled.
39.3.2 Low Power Timer Prescale Register (LPTMRx_PSR)
Address: 4004_0000h base + 4h offset = 4004_0004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0PRESCALE PBYP PCS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Memory map and register definition
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LPTMRx_PSR field descriptions
Field Description
31–7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
6–3
PRESCALE
Prescale Value
Configures the size of the Prescaler in Time Counter mode or width of the glitch filter in Pulse Counter
mode. PRESCALE must be altered only when the LPTMR is disabled.
0000 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 2; glitch filter does not support this configuration.
0001 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 4; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 2 rising
clock edges.
0010 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 8; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 4 rising
clock edges.
0011 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 16; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 8
rising clock edges.
0100 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 32; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 16
rising clock edges.
0101 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 64; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 32
rising clock edges.
0110 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 128; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 64
rising clock edges.
0111 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 256; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 128
rising clock edges.
1000 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 512; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 256
rising clock edges.
1001 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 1024; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after 512
rising clock edges.
1010 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 2048; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after
1024 rising clock edges.
1011 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 4096; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after
2048 rising clock edges.
1100 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 8192; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after
4096 rising clock edges.
1101 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 16,384; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after
8192 rising clock edges.
1110 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 32,768; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after
16,384 rising clock edges.
1111 Prescaler divides the prescaler clock by 65,536; glitch filter recognizes change on input pin after
32,768 rising clock edges.
2
PBYP
Prescaler Bypass
When PBYP is set, the selected prescaler clock in Time Counter mode or selected input source in Pulse
Counter mode directly clocks the CNR. When PBYP is clear, the CNR is clocked by the output of the
prescaler/glitch filter. PBYP must be altered only when the LPTMR is disabled.
0 Prescaler/glitch filter is enabled.
1 Prescaler/glitch filter is bypassed.
PCS Prescaler Clock Select
Selects the clock to be used by the LPTMR prescaler/glitch filter. PCS must be altered only when the
LPTMR is disabled. The clock connections vary by device.
NOTE: See the chip configuration details for information on the connections to these inputs.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 39 Low-Power Timer (LPTMR)
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LPTMRx_PSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
00 Prescaler/glitch filter clock 0 selected.
01 Prescaler/glitch filter clock 1 selected.
10 Prescaler/glitch filter clock 2 selected.
11 Prescaler/glitch filter clock 3 selected.
39.3.3 Low Power Timer Compare Register (LPTMRx_CMR)
Address: 4004_0000h base + 8h offset = 4004_0008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0COMPARE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPTMRx_CMR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
COMPARE Compare Value
When the LPTMR is enabled and the CNR equals the value in the CMR and increments, TCF is set and
the hardware trigger asserts until the next time the CNR increments. If the CMR is 0, the hardware trigger
will remain asserted until the LPTMR is disabled. If the LPTMR is enabled, the CMR must be altered only
when TCF is set.
39.3.4 Low Power Timer Counter Register (LPTMRx_CNR)
NOTE
See LPTMR counter for details on how to read counter value.
Address: 4004_0000h base + Ch offset = 4004_000Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0COUNTER
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPTMRx_CNR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and register definition
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LPTMRx_CNR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
COUNTER Counter Value
39.4 Functional description
39.4.1 LPTMR power and reset
The LPTMR remains powered in all power modes, including low-leakage modes. If the
LPTMR is not required to remain operating during a low-power mode, then it must be
disabled before entering the mode.
The LPTMR is reset only on global Power On Reset (POR) or Low Voltage Detect
(LVD). When configuring the LPTMR registers, the CSR must be initially written with
the timer disabled, before configuring the PSR and CMR. Then, CSR[TIE] must be set as
the last step in the initialization. This ensures the LPTMR is configured correctly and the
LPTMR counter is reset to zero following a warm reset.
39.4.2 LPTMR clocking
The LPTMR prescaler/glitch filter can be clocked by one of the four clocks. The clock
source must be enabled before the LPTMR is enabled.
NOTE
The clock source selected need to be configured to remain
enabled in low-power modes, otherwise the LPTMR will not
operate during low-power modes.
In Pulse Counter mode with the prescaler/glitch filter bypassed, the selected input source
directly clocks the CNR and no other clock source is required. To minimize power in this
case, configure the prescaler clock source for a clock that is not toggling.
NOTE
The clock source or pulse input source selected for the LPTMR
should not exceed the frequency fLPTMR defined in the device
datasheet.
Chapter 39 Low-Power Timer (LPTMR)
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39.4.3 LPTMR prescaler/glitch filter
The LPTMR prescaler and glitch filter share the same logic which operates as a prescaler
in Time Counter mode and as a glitch filter in Pulse Counter mode.
NOTE
The prescaler/glitch filter configuration must not be altered
when the LPTMR is enabled.
39.4.3.1 Prescaler enabled
In Time Counter mode, when the prescaler is enabled, the output of the prescaler directly
clocks the CNR. When the LPTMR is enabled, the CNR will increment every 22 to 216
prescaler clock cycles. After the LPTMR is enabled, the first increment of the CNR will
take an additional one or two prescaler clock cycles due to synchronization logic.
39.4.3.2 Prescaler bypassed
In Time Counter mode, when the prescaler is bypassed, the selected prescaler clock
increments the CNR on every clock cycle. When the LPTMR is enabled, the first
increment will take an additional one or two prescaler clock cycles due to
synchronization logic.
39.4.3.3 Glitch filter
In Pulse Counter mode, when the glitch filter is enabled, the output of the glitch filter
directly clocks the CNR. When the LPTMR is first enabled, the output of the glitch filter
is asserted, that is, logic 1 for active-high and logic 0 for active-low. The following table
shows the change in glitch filter output with the selected input source.
If Then
The selected input source remains deasserted for at least 21
to 215 consecutive prescaler clock rising edges
The glitch filter output will also deassert.
The selected input source remains asserted for at least 21 to
215 consecutive prescaler clock rising-edges
The glitch filter output will also assert.
NOTE
The input is only sampled on the rising clock edge.
Functional description
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The CNR will increment each time the glitch filter output asserts. In Pulse Counter mode,
the maximum rate at which the CNR can increment is once every 22 to 216 prescaler
clock edges. When first enabled, the glitch filter will wait an additional one or two
prescaler clock edges due to synchronization logic.
39.4.3.4 Glitch filter bypassed
In Pulse Counter mode, when the glitch filter is bypassed, the selected input source
increments the CNR every time it asserts. Before the LPTMR is first enabled, the selected
input source is forced to be asserted. This prevents the CNR from incrementing if the
selected input source is already asserted when the LPTMR is first enabled.
39.4.4 LPTMR compare
When the CNR equals the value of the CMR and increments, the following events occur:
• CSR[TCF] is set.
• LPTMR interrupt is generated if CSR[TIE] is also set.
• LPTMR hardware trigger is generated.
• CNR is reset if CSR[TFC] is clear.
When the LPTMR is enabled, the CMR can be altered only when CSR[TCF] is set. When
updating the CMR, the CMR must be written and CSR[TCF] must be cleared before the
LPTMR counter has incremented past the new LPTMR compare value.
39.4.5 LPTMR counter
The CNR increments by one on every:
• Prescaler clock in Time Counter mode with prescaler bypassed
• Prescaler output in Time Counter mode with prescaler enabled
• Input source assertion in Pulse Counter mode with glitch filter bypassed
• Glitch filter output in Pulse Counter mode with glitch filter enabled
The CNR is reset when the LPTMR is disabled or if the counter register overflows. If
CSR[TFC] is cleared, then the CNR is also reset whenever CSR[TCF] is set.
The CNR continues incrementing when the core is halted in Debug mode when
configured for Pulse Counter mode, the CNR will stop incrementing when the core is
halted in Debug mode when configured for Time Counter mode.
Chapter 39 Low-Power Timer (LPTMR)
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The CNR cannot be initialized, but can be read at any time. On each read of the CNR,
software must first write to the CNR with any value. This will synchronize and register
the current value of the CNR into a temporary register. The contents of the temporary
register are returned on each read of the CNR.
When reading the CNR, the bus clock must be at least two times faster than the rate at
which the LPTMR counter is incrementing, otherwise incorrect data may be returned.
39.4.6 LPTMR hardware trigger
The LPTMR hardware trigger asserts at the same time the CSR[TCF] is set and can be
used to trigger hardware events in other peripherals without software intervention. The
hardware trigger is always enabled.
When Then
The CMR is set to 0 with CSR[TFC] clear The LPTMR hardware trigger will assert on the first compare
and does not deassert.
The CMR is set to a nonzero value, or, if CSR[TFC] is set The LPTMR hardware trigger will assert on each compare
and deassert on the following increment of the CNR.
39.4.7 LPTMR interrupt
The LPTMR interrupt is generated whenever CSR[TIE] and CSR[TCF] are set.
CSR[TCF] is cleared by disabling the LPTMR or by writing a logic 1 to it.
CSR[TIE] can be altered and CSR[TCF] can be cleared while the LPTMR is enabled.
The LPTMR interrupt is generated asynchronously to the system clock and can be used to
generate a wakeup from any low-power mode, including the low-leakage modes,
provided the LPTMR is enabled as a wakeup source.
Functional description
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Chapter 40
Real Time Clock (RTC)
40.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
40.1.1 Features
The RTC module features include:
• Independent power supply, POR, and 32 kHz crystal oscillator
• 32-bit seconds counter with roll-over protection and 32-bit alarm
• 16-bit prescaler with compensation that can correct errors between 0.12 ppm and
3906 ppm
• Register write protection
• Lock register requires VBAT POR or software reset to enable write access
• Access control registers require system reset to enable read and/or write access
• 1 Hz square wave output with optional interrupt
40.1.2 Modes of operation
The RTC remains functional in all low power modes and can generate an interrupt to exit
any low power mode. It operates in one of two modes of operation: chip power-up and
chip power-down.
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During chip power-down, RTC is powered from the backup power supply (VBAT) and is
electrically isolated from the rest of the chip but continues to increment the time counter
(if enabled) and retain the state of the RTC registers. The RTC registers are not
accessible.
During chip power-up, RTC remains powered from the backup power supply (VBAT).
All RTC registers are accessible by software and all functions are operational. If enabled,
the 32.768 kHz clock can be supplied to the rest of the chip.
40.1.3 RTC signal descriptions
Table 40-1. RTC signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O
EXTAL32 32.768 kHz oscillator input I
XTAL32 32.768 kHz oscillator output O
RTC_CLKOUT 1 Hz square-wave output or OSCERCLK O
RTC_WAKEUP Wakeup for external device O
40.1.3.1 RTC clock output
The clock to the seconds counter is available on the RTC_CLKOUT signal. It is a 1 Hz
square wave output. See RTC_CLKOUT options for details.
40.1.3.2 RTC wakeup pin
The RTC wakeup pin is an open drain, active low, output that allows the RTC to wakeup
the chip via an external component. The wakeup pin asserts when the wakeup pin enable
is set and either the RTC interrupt is asserted or the wakeup pin is turned on via a register
bit. The wakeup pin does not assert from the RTC seconds interrupt.
NOTE
The wakeup pin is optional and may not be implemented on all
devices.
Introduction
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40.2 Register definition
All registers must be accessed using 32-bit writes and all register accesses incur three
wait states.
Write accesses to any register by non-supervisor mode software, when the supervisor
access bit in the control register is clear, will terminate with a bus error.
Read accesses by non-supervisor mode software complete as normal.
Writing to a register protected by the write access register or lock register does not
generate a bus error, but the write will not complete.
Reading a register protected by the read access register does not generate a bus error, but
the register will read zero.
RTC memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4003_D000 RTC Time Seconds Register (RTC_TSR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 40.2.1/945
4003_D004 RTC Time Prescaler Register (RTC_TPR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 40.2.2/946
4003_D008 RTC Time Alarm Register (RTC_TAR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 40.2.3/946
4003_D00C RTC Time Compensation Register (RTC_TCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 40.2.4/947
4003_D010 RTC Control Register (RTC_CR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 40.2.5/948
4003_D014 RTC Status Register (RTC_SR) 32 R/W 0000_0001h 40.2.6/950
4003_D018 RTC Lock Register (RTC_LR) 32 R/W 0000_00FFh 40.2.7/951
4003_D01C RTC Interrupt Enable Register (RTC_IER) 32 R/W 0000_0007h 40.2.8/952
4003_D800 RTC Write Access Register (RTC_WAR) 32 R/W 0000_00FFh 40.2.9/953
4003_D804 RTC Read Access Register (RTC_RAR) 32 R/W 0000_00FFh 40.2.10/
954
40.2.1 RTC Time Seconds Register (RTC_TSR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 0h offset = 4003_D000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTSR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RTC_TSR field descriptions
Field Description
TSR Time Seconds Register
Chapter 40 Real Time Clock (RTC)
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RTC_TSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
When the time counter is enabled, the TSR is read only and increments once a second provided SR[TOF]
or SR[TIF] are not set. The time counter will read as zero when SR[TOF] or SR[TIF] are set. When the
time counter is disabled, the TSR can be read or written. Writing to the TSR when the time counter is
disabled will clear the SR[TOF] and/or the SR[TIF]. Writing to TSR with zero is supported, but not
recommended because TSR will read as zero when SR[TIF] or SR[TOF] are set (indicating the time is
invalid).
40.2.2 RTC Time Prescaler Register (RTC_TPR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 4h offset = 4003_D004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0TPR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RTC_TPR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
TPR Time Prescaler Register
When the time counter is enabled, the TPR is read only and increments every 32.768 kHz clock cycle. The
time counter will read as zero when SR[TOF] or SR[TIF] are set. When the time counter is disabled, the
TPR can be read or written. The TSR[TSR] increments when bit 14 of the TPR transitions from a logic one
to a logic zero.
40.2.3 RTC Time Alarm Register (RTC_TAR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 8h offset = 4003_D008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTAR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RTC_TAR field descriptions
Field Description
TAR Time Alarm Register
When the time counter is enabled, the SR[TAF] is set whenever the TAR[TAR] equals the TSR[TSR] and
the TSR[TSR] increments. Writing to the TAR clears the SR[TAF].
Register definition
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40.2.4 RTC Time Compensation Register (RTC_TCR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + Ch offset = 4003_D00Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RCIC TCV CIR TCR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RTC_TCR field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
CIC
Compensation Interval Counter
Current value of the compensation interval counter. If the compensation interval counter equals zero then
it is loaded with the contents of the CIR. If the CIC does not equal zero then it is decremented once a
second.
23–16
TCV
Time Compensation Value
Current value used by the compensation logic for the present second interval. Updated once a second if
the CIC equals 0 with the contents of the TCR field. If the CIC does not equal zero then it is loaded with
zero (compensation is not enabled for that second increment).
15–8
CIR
Compensation Interval Register
Configures the compensation interval in seconds from 1 to 256 to control how frequently the TCR should
adjust the number of 32.768 kHz cycles in each second. The value written should be one less than the
number of seconds. For example, write zero to configure for a compensation interval of one second. This
register is double buffered and writes do not take affect until the end of the current compensation interval.
TCR Time Compensation Register
Configures the number of 32.768 kHz clock cycles in each second. This register is double buffered and
writes do not take affect until the end of the current compensation interval.
80h Time Prescaler Register overflows every 32896 clock cycles.
... ...
FFh Time Prescaler Register overflows every 32769 clock cycles.
00h Time Prescaler Register overflows every 32768 clock cycles.
01h Time Prescaler Register overflows every 32767 clock cycles.
.... ...
7Fh Time Prescaler Register overflows every 32641 clock cycles.
Chapter 40 Real Time Clock (RTC)
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40.2.5 RTC Control Register (RTC_CR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 10h offset = 4003_D010h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
Reserved
SC2P SC4P SC8P
SC16P
CLKO
OSCE
0
WPS UM SUP WPE SWR
W0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RTC_CR field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23–15
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
14
Reserved
This field is reserved.
It must always be written to 0.
13
SC2P
Oscillator 2pF Load Configure
0 Disable the load.
1 Enable the additional load.
12
SC4P
Oscillator 4pF Load Configure
0 Disable the load.
1 Enable the additional load.
Table continues on the next page...
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RTC_CR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
11
SC8P
Oscillator 8pF Load Configure
0 Disable the load.
1 Enable the additional load.
10
SC16P
Oscillator 16pF Load Configure
0 Disable the load.
1 Enable the additional load.
9
CLKO
Clock Output
0 The 32 kHz clock is output to other peripherals.
1 The 32 kHz clock is not output to other peripherals.
8
OSCE
Oscillator Enable
0 32.768 kHz oscillator is disabled.
1 32.768 kHz oscillator is enabled. After setting this bit, wait the oscillator startup time before enabling
the time counter to allow the 32.768 kHz clock time to stabilize.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
WPS
Wakeup Pin Select
The wakeup pin is optional and not available on all devices.
0 Wakeup pin asserts (active low, open drain) if the RTC interrupt asserts or the wakeup pin is turned
on.
1 Wakeup pin instead outputs the RTC 32kHz clock, provided the wakeup pin is turned on and the
32kHz clock is output to other peripherals.
3
UM
Update Mode
Allows SR[TCE] to be written even when the Status Register is locked. When set, the SR[TCE] can always
be written if the SR[TIF] or SR[TOF] are set or if the SR[TCE] is clear.
0 Registers cannot be written when locked.
1 Registers can be written when locked under limited conditions.
2
SUP
Supervisor Access
0 Non-supervisor mode write accesses are not supported and generate a bus error.
1 Non-supervisor mode write accesses are supported.
1
WPE
Wakeup Pin Enable
The wakeup pin is optional and not available on all devices.
0 Wakeup pin is disabled.
1 Wakeup pin is enabled and wakeup pin asserts if the RTC interrupt asserts or the wakeup pin is
turned on.
0
SWR
Software Reset
0 No effect.
1 Resets all RTC registers except for the SWR bit and the RTC_WAR and RTC_RAR registers . The
SWR bit is cleared by VBAT POR and by software explicitly clearing it.
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40.2.6 RTC Status Register (RTC_SR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 14h offset = 4003_D014h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0TCE 0 TAF TOF TIF
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
RTC_SR field descriptions
Field Description
31–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
TCE
Time Counter Enable
When time counter is disabled the TSR register and TPR register are writeable, but do not increment.
When time counter is enabled the TSR register and TPR register are not writeable, but increment.
0 Time counter is disabled.
1 Time counter is enabled.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
TAF
Time Alarm Flag
Time alarm flag is set when the TAR[TAR] equals the TSR[TSR] and the TSR[TSR] increments. This bit is
cleared by writing the TAR register.
0 Time alarm has not occurred.
1 Time alarm has occurred.
1
TOF
Time Overflow Flag
Time overflow flag is set when the time counter is enabled and overflows. The TSR and TPR do not
increment and read as zero when this bit is set. This bit is cleared by writing the TSR register when the
time counter is disabled.
0 Time overflow has not occurred.
1 Time overflow has occurred and time counter is read as zero.
0
TIF
Time Invalid Flag
The time invalid flag is set on VBAT POR or software reset. The TSR and TPR do not increment and read
as zero when this bit is set. This bit is cleared by writing the TSR register when the time counter is
disabled.
0 Time is valid.
1 Time is invalid and time counter is read as zero.
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40.2.7 RTC Lock Register (RTC_LR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 18h offset = 4003_D018h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 1 LRL SRL CRL TCL 1
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RTC_LR field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
6
LRL
Lock Register Lock
After being cleared, this bit can be set only by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Lock Register is locked and writes are ignored.
1 Lock Register is not locked and writes complete as normal.
5
SRL
Status Register Lock
After being cleared, this bit can be set only by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Status Register is locked and writes are ignored.
1 Status Register is not locked and writes complete as normal.
4
CRL
Control Register Lock
After being cleared, this bit can only be set by VBAT POR.
0 Control Register is locked and writes are ignored.
1 Control Register is not locked and writes complete as normal.
3
TCL
Time Compensation Lock
After being cleared, this bit can be set only by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Time Compensation Register is locked and writes are ignored.
1 Time Compensation Register is not locked and writes complete as normal.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
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40.2.8 RTC Interrupt Enable Register (RTC_IER)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 1Ch offset = 4003_D01Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WPON
Reserved TSIE
Reserved
TAIE TOIE TIIE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
RTC_IER field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
WPON
Wakeup Pin On
The wakeup pin is optional and not available on all devices. Whenever the wakeup pin is enabled and this
bit is set, the wakeup pin will assert.
0 No effect.
1 If the wakeup pin is enabled, then the wakeup pin will assert.
6–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
4
TSIE
Time Seconds Interrupt Enable
The seconds interrupt is an edge-sensitive interrupt with a dedicated interrupt vector. It is generated once
a second and requires no software overhead (there is no corresponding status flag to clear).
0 Seconds interrupt is disabled.
1 Seconds interrupt is enabled.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
2
TAIE
Time Alarm Interrupt Enable
0 Time alarm flag does not generate an interrupt.
1 Time alarm flag does generate an interrupt.
1
TOIE
Time Overflow Interrupt Enable
Table continues on the next page...
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RTC_IER field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Time overflow flag does not generate an interrupt.
1 Time overflow flag does generate an interrupt.
0
TIIE
Time Invalid Interrupt Enable
0 Time invalid flag does not generate an interrupt.
1 Time invalid flag does generate an interrupt.
40.2.9 RTC Write Access Register (RTC_WAR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 800h offset = 4003_D800h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
IERW LRW SRW CRW
TCRW
TARW
TPRW
TSRW
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RTC_WAR field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
IERW
Interrupt Enable Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Interupt Enable Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Interrupt Enable Register complete as normal.
6
LRW
Lock Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Lock Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Lock Register complete as normal.
5
SRW
Status Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
Table continues on the next page...
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RTC_WAR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Writes to the Status Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Status Register complete as normal.
4
CRW
Control Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Control Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Control Register complete as normal.
3
TCRW
Time Compensation Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Time Compensation Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Time Compensation Register complete as normal.
2
TARW
Time Alarm Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Time Alarm Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Time Alarm Register complete as normal.
1
TPRW
Time Prescaler Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Time Prescaler Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Time Prescaler Register complete as normal.
0
TSRW
Time Seconds Register Write
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Writes to the Time Seconds Register are ignored.
1 Writes to the Time Seconds Register complete as normal.
40.2.10 RTC Read Access Register (RTC_RAR)
Address: 4003_D000h base + 804h offset = 4003_D804h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0IERR LRR SRR CRR TCRR TARR TPRR TSRR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Register definition
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RTC_RAR field descriptions
Field Description
31–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
7
IERR
Interrupt Enable Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Interrupt Enable Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Interrupt Enable Register complete as normal.
6
LRR
Lock Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Lock Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Lock Register complete as normal.
5
SRR
Status Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Status Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Status Register complete as normal.
4
CRR
Control Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Control Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Control Register complete as normal.
3
TCRR
Time Compensation Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Time Compensation Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Time Compensation Register complete as normal.
2
TARR
Time Alarm Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Time Alarm Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Time Alarm Register complete as normal.
1
TPRR
Time Prescaler Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Time Pprescaler Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Time Prescaler Register complete as normal.
0
TSRR
Time Seconds Register Read
After being cleared, this bit is set only by system reset. It is not affected by VBAT POR or software reset.
0 Reads to the Time Seconds Register are ignored.
1 Reads to the Time Seconds Register complete as normal.
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40.3 Functional description
40.3.1 Power, clocking, and reset
The RTC is an always powered block that remains active in all low power modes and is
powered by the battery power supply (VBAT). The battery power supply ensures that the
RTC registers retain their state during chip power-down and that the RTC time counter
remains operational.
The time counter within the RTC is clocked by a 32.768 kHz clock and can supply this
clock to other peripherals. The 32.768 kHz clock can only be sourced from an external
crystal using the oscillator that is part of the RTC module.
The RTC includes its own analog POR block, which generates a VBAT power-on-reset
signal whenever the RTC module is powered up and initializes all RTC registers to their
default state. A software reset bit can also initialize all RTC registers. The RTC also
monitors the chip power supply and electrically isolates itself when the rest of the chip is
powered down.
NOTE
An attempt to access an RTC register, except the access control
registers, results in a bus error when:
• VBAT is powered down,
• the RTC is electrically isolated, or
• VBAT POR is asserted.
To determine if the VBAT domain is active, software can use the ADC to measure
VBAT via an internal connection. See the chip-specific ADC information to find the
ADC input channel assignments.
40.3.1.1 Oscillator control
The 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator is disabled at VBAT POR and must be enabled by
software. After enabling the cystal oscillator, wait the oscillator startup time before
setting SR[TCE] or using the oscillator clock external to the RTC.
The crystal oscillator includes tunable capacitors that can be configured by software. Do
not change the capacitance unless the oscillator is disabled.
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40.3.1.2 Software reset
Writing 1 to CR[SWR] forces the equivalent of a VBAT POR to the rest of the RTC
module. CR[SWR] is not affected by the software reset and must be cleared by software.
The access control registers are not affected by either VBAT POR or the software reset;
they are reset by the chip reset.
40.3.1.3 Supervisor access
When the supervisor access control bit is clear, only supervisor mode software can write
to the RTC registers, non-supervisor mode software will generate a bus error. Both
supervisor and non-supervisor mode software can always read the RTC registers.
40.3.2 Time counter
The time counter consists of a 32-bit seconds counter that increments once every second
and a 16-bit prescaler register that increments once every 32.768 kHz clock cycle.
Reading the time counter (either seconds or prescaler) while it is incrementing may return
invalid data due to synchronization of the read data bus. If it is necessary for software to
read the prescaler or seconds counter when they could be incrementing, it is
recommended that two read accesses are performed and that software verifies that the
same data was returned for both reads.
The time seconds register and time prescaler register can be written only when SR[TCE]
is clear. Always write to the prescaler register before writing to the seconds register,
because the seconds register increments on the falling edge of bit 14 of the prescaler
register.
The time prescaler register increments provided SR[TCE] is set, SR[TIF] is clear,
SR[TOF] is clear, and the 32.768 kHz clock source is present. After enabling the
oscillator, wait the oscillator startup time before setting SR[TCE] to allow time for the
oscillator clock output to stabilize.
If the time seconds register overflows then the SR[TOF] will set and the time prescaler
register will stop incrementing. Clear SR[TOF] by initializing the time seconds register.
The time seconds register and time prescaler register read as zero whenever SR[TOF] is
set.
SR[TIF] is set on VBAT POR and software reset and is cleared by initializing the time
seconds register. The time seconds register and time prescaler register read as zero
whenever SR[TIF] is set.
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40.3.3 Compensation
The compensation logic provides an accurate and wide compensation range and can
correct errors as high as 3906 ppm and as low as 0.12 ppm. The compensation factor
must be calculated externally to the RTC and supplied by software to the compensation
register. The RTC itself does not calculate the amount of compensation that is required,
although the 1 Hz clock is output to an external pin in support of external calibration
logic.
Crystal compensation can be supported by using firmware and crystal characteristics to
determine the compensation amount. Temperature compensation can be supported by
firmware that periodically measures the external temperature via ADC and updates the
compensation register based on a look-up table that specifies the change in crystal
frequency over temperature.
The compensation logic alters the number of 32.768 kHz clock cycles it takes for the
prescaler register to overflow and increment the time seconds counter. The time
compensation value is used to adjust the number of clock cycles between -127 and +128.
Cycles are added or subtracted from the prescaler register when the prescaler register
equals 0x3FFF and then increments. The compensation interval is used to adjust the
frequency at which the time compensation value is used, that is, from once a second to
once every 256 seconds.
Updates to the time compensation register will not take effect until the next time the time
seconds register increments and provided the previous compensation interval has expired.
When the compensation interval is set to other than once a second then the compensation
is applied in the first second interval and the remaining second intervals receive no
compensation.
Compensation is disabled by configuring the time compensation register to zero.
40.3.4 Time alarm
The Time Alarm register (TAR), SR[TAF], and IER[TAIE] allow the RTC to generate an
interrupt at a predefined time. The 32-bit TAR is compared with the 32-bit Time Seconds
register (TSR) each time it increments. SR[TAF] will set when TAR equals TSR and
TSR increments.
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SR[TAF] is cleared by writing TAR. This will usually be the next alarm value, although
writing a value that is less than TSR, such as 0, will prevent SR[TAF] from setting again.
SR[TAF] cannot otherwise be disabled, although the interrupt it generates is enabled or
disabled by IER[TAIE].
40.3.5 Update mode
The Update Mode field in the Control register (CR[UM]) configures software write
access to the Time Counter Enable (SR[TCE]) field. When CR[UM] is clear, SR[TCE]
can be written only when LR[SRL] is set. When CR[UM] is set, SR[TCE] can also be
written when SR[TCE] is clear or when SR[TIF] or SR[TOF] are set. This allows the
time seconds and prescaler registers to be initialized whenever time is invalidated, while
preventing the time seconds and prescaler registers from being changed on the fly. When
LR[SRL] is set, CR[UM] has no effect on SR[TCE].
40.3.6 Register lock
The Lock register (LR) can be used to block write accesses to certain registers until the
next VBAT POR or software reset. Locking the Control register (CR) will disable the
software reset. Locking LR will block future updates to LR.
Write accesses to a locked register are ignored and do not generate a bus error.
40.3.7 Access control
The read access and write access registers are implemented in the chip power domain and
reset on the chip reset. They are not affected by the VBAT POR or the software reset.
They are used to block read or write accesses to each register until the next chip system
reset. When accesses are blocked, the bus access is not seen in the VBAT power supply
and does not generate a bus error.
40.3.8 Interrupt
The RTC interrupt is asserted whenever a status flag and the corresponding interrupt
enable bit are both set. It is always asserted on VBAT POR, and software reset, and when
the VBAT power supply is powered down. The RTC interrupt is enabled at the chip level
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by enabling the chip-specific RTC clock gate control bit. The RTC interrupt can be used
to wakeup the chip from any low-power mode. If the RTC wakeup pin is enabled and the
chip is powered down, the RTC interrupt will cause the wakeup pin to assert.
The optional RTC seconds interrupt is an edge-sensitive interrupt with a dedicated
interrupt vector that is generated once a second and requires no software overhead (there
is no corresponding status flag to clear). It is enabled in the RTC by the time seconds
interrupt enable bit and enabled at the chip level by setting the chip-specific RTC clock
gate control bit. The RTC seconds interrupt does not cause the RTC wakeup pin to assert.
This interrupt is optional and may not be implemented on all devices.
Functional description
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Chapter 41
Universal Serial Bus Full Speed OTG Controller
(USBFSOTG)
41.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
This chapter describes the USB full speed OTG controller. The OTG implementation in
this module provides limited host functionality and device solutions for implementing a
USB 2.0 full-speed/low-speed compliant peripheral. The OTG logic implements features
required by the On-The-Go and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB 2.0 Specification
(usb.org, 2008). The USB full speed controller interfaces to a USBFS/LS transceiver.
NOTE
This chapter describes the following registers that have similar
names: USB_OTGCTL, USB_CTL, USB_CTRL, and
USB_CONTROL. These are all separate registers.
41.1.1 References
The following publications are referenced in this document. For copies or updates to
these specifications, see the USB Implementers Forum, Inc. website at http://
www.usb.org.
•Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 2.0 , 2000, with amendments including
those listed below
•Errata for “USB Revision 2.0 April 27, 2000” as of 12/7/2000
•Errata for “USB Revision 2.0 April 27, 2000” as of May 28, 2002
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•Pull-up / Pull-down Resistors (USB Engineering Change Notice)
•Suspend Current Limit Changes (USB Engineering Change Notice)
•Device Capacitance (USB Engineering Change Notice)
•USB 2.0 Connect Timing Update (USB Engineering Change Notice as of April 4,
2013)
•USB 2.0 VBUS Max Limit (USB Engineering Change Notice)
•On-The-Go and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB Revision 2.0 Specification,
Revision 2.0 version 1.1a, July 27, 2012
•Maximum VBUS Voltage (USB OTGEH Engineering Change Notice)
•Universal Serial Bus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification, Revision
1.01, 2007
41.1.2 USB
The USB is a cable bus that supports data exchange between a host computer and a wide
range of simultaneously accessible peripherals. The attached peripherals share USB
bandwidth through a host-scheduled, token-based protocol. The bus allows peripherals to
be attached, configured, used, and detached while the host and other peripherals are in
operation.
USB software provides a uniform view of the system for all application software, hiding
implementation details that make application software more portable. It manages the
dynamic attach and detach of peripherals.
There is only one host in any USB system. The USB interface to the host computer
system is referred to as the Host Controller.
There may be multiple USB devices in any system such as human interface devices,
speakers, printers, etc. USB devices present a standard USB interface in terms of
comprehension, response, and standard capability.
The host initiates transactions to specific peripherals, whereas the device responds to
control transactions. The device sends and receives data to and from the host using a
standard USB data format. USB 2.0 full-speed /low-speed peripherals operate at 12Mbit/s
or 1.5 Mbit/s.
For additional information, see the USB 2.0 specification.
Introduction
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External Hub
Root
Hub
USB Cable
USB Cable
USB Cable
External Hub
USB Peripherals
Host PC
Host
Software
USB Cables
Figure 41-1. Example USB 2.0 system configuration
41.1.3 USB On-The-Go
USB is a popular standard for connecting peripherals and portable consumer electronic
devices such as digital cameras and tablets to host PCs. The On-The-Go (OTG)
Supplement to the USB Specification extends USB to peer-to-peer application. Using
USB OTG technology, consumer electronics, peripherals, and portable devices can
connect to each other to exchange data. For example, a digital camera can connect
directly to a printer, or a keyboard can connect to a tablet to exchange data.
With the USB On-The-Go product, you can develop a fully USB-compliant peripheral
device that can also assume the role of a USB host. Software determines the role of the
device based on hardware signals, and then initializes the device in the appropriate mode
of operation (host or peripheral) based on how it is connected. After connecting, the
devices can negotiate using the OTG protocols to assume the role of host or peripheral
based on the task to be accomplished.
For additional information, see the On-The-Go and Embedded Host Supplement to the
USB 2.0 Specification.
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Print Photos
Keyboard Input
Swap Songs
Hot Sync
Download Songs
Figure 41-2. Example USB 2.0 On-The-Go configurations
41.1.4 USBFS Features
• USB 1.1 and 2.0 compatible FS device and FS/LS host controller with On-The-Go
protocol logic
• 16 bidirectional endpoints
• DMA or FIFO data stream interfaces
• Low-power consumption
• IRC48M with clock-recovery is supported to eliminate the 48 MHz crystal. It is used
for USB device-only implementation.
41.2 Functional description
USBOTG communicates with the processor core through status registers, control
registers, and data structures in memory.
Functional description
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41.2.1 Data Structures
To efficiently manage USB endpoint communications, USBFS implements a Buffer
Descriptor Table (BDT) in system memory. See Figure 41-6.
41.2.2 On-chip transceiver required external components
USB system operation requires external components to ensure that driver output
impedance, eye diagram, and VBUS cable fault tolerance requirements are met. DM and
DP I/O pads must connect through series resistors (approximately 33 Ω each) to the USB
connector on the application printed circuit board (PCB). Additionally, signal quality
optimizes when these 33 Ω resistors are mounted closer to the processor than to the USB
board-level connector. The USB transceiver includes:
• An internal 1.5 kΩ pullup resistor on the USB_DP line for full-speed device
(controlled by USB_CONTROL[DPPULLUPNONOTG] or
USB_OTGCTL[DPHIGH])
• Internal 15 kΩ pulldown resistors on the USB_DP and USB_DM signals, which are
primarily intended for Host mode operation but are also useful in Device mode as
explained below.
NOTE
For device operation, the internal 15 kΩ pulldowns should
be enabled to keep the DP and DM ports in a known
quiescent state when the VBUS detection software
determines that the USB connection is not activated,
including the cases when no cable to a host is present or
when the USB port is not used. The internal 15 kΩ
pulldowns should be controlled by USB_CTRL[PDE] in
this case.
For host operation, the internal 15 kΩ pulldowns are
enabled automatically, as required by the USB 2.0
specification, when USB_CTL[HOSTMODEEN] is
asserted high.
The following diagrams provide overviews of host-only, device-only, and dual-role
connections, respectively. The VDD pin connections in the following figures are shown
as examples only. The VDD supply voltage can be chosen from the range shown for that
pin in the device datasheet for this SOC, while the USBVDD supply must be 3.3v
nominal for USB compliance. For more details, see the Kinetis Peripheral Module Quick
Reference(KQRUG).
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I/O
USB_DM
USB_DP
5V
IN
OUT
ENABLE
FLAG
power distribution
IC or circuit
VBUS
D-
D+
I/O
Place resistors close to the processor
33 Ω
33 Ω
USBVDD
GND
MCU
VDD
External 5v to 3.3v regulator
3.3v OUT IN
USB connector
Figure 41-3. Host-only diagram
USB_DM
USB_DP
VBUS
D-
D+
GND
VDD
USBVDD
33 Ω
33 Ω
Place resistors close to the processor
External 5v to 3.3v regulator
3.3v
OUT IN
MCU
USB connector
I/O
Figure 41-4. Typical Device-only diagram (bus-powered with external regulator)
Functional description
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I/O
USB_DM
USB_DP
5V
IN
OUT
ENABLE
FLAG
power distribution
IC or circuit
VBUS
D-
D+
I/O
ID
I/O
Place resistors close
to the processor
33 Ω
33 Ω
USBVDD
I/O
GND
MCU
VDD
External 5v to 3.3v regulator
3.3v OUT IN
USB connector
Figure 41-5. Dual-role diagram
41.3 Programmers interface
This section discusses the major components of the programming model for the USB
module.
41.3.1 Buffer Descriptor Table
To efficiently manage USB endpoint communications USBFS implements a Buffer
Descriptor Table (BDT) in system memory. The BDT resides on a 512-byte boundary in
system memory and is pointed to by the BDT Page Registers. Every endpoint direction
requires two 8-byte Buffer Descriptor (BD) entries. Therefore, a system with 16 fully
bidirectional endpoints would require 512 bytes of system memory to implement the
BDT. The two BD entries allows for an EVEN BD and ODD BD entry for each endpoint
direction. This allows the microprocessor to process one BD while USBFS is processing
the other BD. Double buffering BDs in this way allows USBFS to transfer data easily at
the maximum throughput provided by USB.
Software should manage buffers for USBFS by updating the BDT when needed. This
allows USBFS to efficiently manage data transmission and reception, while the
microprocessor performs communication overhead processing and other function
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dependent applications. Because the buffers are shared between the microprocessor and
USBFS, a simple semaphore mechanism is used to distinguish who is allowed to update
the BDT and buffers in system memory. A semaphore, the OWN bit, is cleared to 0 when
the BD entry is owned by the microprocessor. The microprocessor is allowed read and
write access to the BD entry and the buffer in system memory when the OWN bit is 0.
When the OWN bit is set to 1, the BD entry and the buffer in system memory are owned
by USBFS. USBFS now has full read and write access and the microprocessor must not
modify the BD or its corresponding data buffer. The BD also contains indirect address
pointers to where the actual buffer resides in system memory. This indirect address
mechanism is shown in the following diagram.
Current
Endpoint
BDT
Buffer in Memory
BDT Page
Start of Buffer
•
000ODDTXBDT_PAGE Registers END_POINT
• • • • •
System Memory
End of Buffer
Figure 41-6. Buffer descriptor table
41.3.2 RX vs. TX as a USB peripheral device or USB host
The USBFS core uses software control to switch between two modes of operation:
• USB peripheral device
• USB hosts
In either mode, USB host or USB peripheral device, the same data paths and buffer
descriptors are used for the transmission and reception of data. For this reason, a USBFS
core-centric nomenclature is used to describe the direction of the data transfer between
the USBFS core and USB:
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• "RX" (or "receive") describes transfers that move data from USB to memory.
• "TX" (or "transmit") describes transfers that move data from memory to USB.
The following table shows how the data direction corresponds to the USB token type in
host and peripheral device applications.
Table 41-1. Data direction for USB host or USB peripheral device
RX TX
Device OUT or SETUP IN
Host IN OUT or SETUP
41.3.3 Addressing BDT entries
An understanding of the addressing mechanism of the Buffer Descriptor Table is useful
when accessing endpoint data via USBFS or microprocessor. Some points of interest are:
• The BDT occupies up to 512 bytes of system memory.
• 16 bidirectional endpoints can be supported with a full BDT of 512 bytes.
• 16 bytes are needed for each USB endpoint direction.
• Applications with fewer than 16 endpoints require less RAM to implement the BDT.
• The BDT Page Registers (BDT_PAGE) point to the starting location of the BDT.
• The BDT must be located on a 512-byte boundary in system memory.
• All enabled TX and RX endpoint BD entries are indexed into the BDT to allow easy
access via USBFS or MCU core.
When a USB token on an enabled endpoint is received, USBFS uses its integrated DMA
controller to interrogate the BDT. USBFS reads the corresponding endpoint BD entry to
determine whether it owns the BD and corresponding buffer in system memory.
To compute the entry point into the BDT, the BDT_PAGE registers are concatenated
with the current endpoint and the TX and ODD fields to form a 32-bit address. This
address mechanism is shown in the following tables:
Table 41-2. BDT Address Calculation
31:24 23:16 15:9 8:5 4 3 2:0
BDT_PAGE_03 BDT_PAGE_02 BDT_PAGE_01[7:1] Endpoint TX ODD 000
Table 41-3. BDT address calculation fields
Field Description
BDT_PAGE BDT_PAGE registers in the Control Register Block
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 41-3. BDT address calculation fields (continued)
Field Description
ENDPOINT ENDPOINT field from the USB TOKEN
TX 1 for transmit transfers and 0 for receive transfers
ODD Maintained within the USBFS SIE. It corresponds to the buffer currently in use. The buffers are used
in a ping-pong fashion.
41.3.4 Buffer Descriptors (BDs)
A buffer descriptor provides endpoint buffer control information for USBFS and the
processor. The Buffer Descriptors have different meaning based on whether it is USBFS
or the processor reading the BD in memory.
The USBFS Controller uses the data stored in the BDs to determine:
• Who owns the buffer in system memory
• Data0 or Data1 PID
• Whether to release ownership upon packet completion
• No address increment (FIFO mode)
• Whether data toggle synchronization is enabled
• How much data is to be transmitted or received
• Where the buffer resides in system memory
While the processor uses the data stored in the BDs to determine:
• Who owns the buffer in system memory
• Data0 or Data1 PID
• The received TOKEN PID
• How much data was transmitted or received
• Where the buffer resides in system memory
The format for the BD is shown in the following figure.
Table 41-4. Buffer descriptor format
31:26 25:16 15:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Table 41-4. Buffer descriptor format (continued)
RSVD BC
(10 bits) RSVD OWN DATA0/1 KEEP/
TOK_PID[3]
NINC/
TOK_PID[2]
DTS/
TOK_PID[1]
BDT_STALL/
TOK_PID[0] 0 0
Buffer Address (32-Bits)
Table 41-5. Buffer descriptor fields
Field Description
31–26
RSVD
Reserved
25–16
BC
Byte Count
Represents the 10-bit byte count. The USBFS SIE changes this field upon the completion of a RX
transfer with the byte count of the data received.
15–8
RSVD
Reserved
7
OWN
Determines whether the processor or USBFS currently owns the buffer. Except when KEEP=1, the
SIE hands ownership back to the processor after completing the token by clearing this bit.
This must always be the last byte of the BD that the processor updates when it initializes a BD.
0 The processor has access to the BD. USBFS ignores all other fields in the BD.
1 USBFS has access to the BD. While USBFS owns the BD, the processor should not modify any
other fields in the BD.
6
DATA0/1
Defines whether a DATA0 field (DATA0/1=0) or a DATA1 (DATA0/1=1) field was transmitted or
received. It is unchanged by USBFS.
5
KEEP/
TOK_PID[3]
This bit has two functions:
• KEEP bit—When written by the processor, it serves as the KEEP bit. Typically, this bit is 1
with ISO endpoints feeding a FIFO. The microprocessor is not informed that a token has
been processed, the data is simply transferred to or from the FIFO. When KEEP is set,
normally the NINC bit is also set to prevent address increment.
0 Allows USBFS to release the BD when a token has been processed.
1 This bit is unchanged by USBFS. Bit 3 of the current token PID is written back to the BD by
USBFS.
• TOK_PID[3]—If the OWN bit is also set, the BD remains owned by USBFS indefinitely; when
written by USB, it serves as the TOK_PID[3] bit.
0 or 1 Bit 3 of the current token PID is written back to the BD by USBFS.
Typically, this bit is 1 with ISO endpoints feeding a FIFO. The microprocessor is not informed that a
token has been processed, the data is simply transferred to or from the FIFO. When KEEP is set,
normally the NINC bit is also set to prevent address increment.
4
NINC/
TOK_PID[2]
No Increment (NINC)
Disables the DMA engine address increment. This forces the DMA engine to read or write from the
same address. This is useful for endpoints when data needs to be read from or written to a single
location such as a FIFO. Typically this bit is set with the KEEP bit for ISO endpoints that are
interfacing to a FIFO.
0 USBFS writes bit 2 of the current token PID to the BD.
1 This bit is unchanged by USBFS.
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Table 41-5. Buffer descriptor fields (continued)
Field Description
3
DTS/
TOK_PID[1]
Setting this bit enables USBFS to perform Data Toggle Synchronization.
• If KEEP=0, bit 1 of the current token PID is written back to the BD.
• If KEEP=1, this bit is unchanged by USBFS.
0 Data Toggle Synchronization is disabled.
1 Enables USBFS to perform Data Toggle Synchronization.
2
BDT_STALL
TOK_PID[0]
Setting this bit causes USBFS to issue a STALL handshake if a token is received by the SIE that
would use the BDT in this location. The BDT is not consumed by the SIE (the owns bit remains set
and the rest of the BDT is unchanged) when a BDT_STALL bit is set.
• If KEEP=0, bit 0 of the current token PID is written back to the BD.
• If KEEP=1, this bit is unchanged by USBFS.
0 No stall issued.
1 The BDT is not consumed by the SIE (the OWN bit remains set and the rest of the BDT is
unchanged).
Setting BDT_STALL also causes the corresponding USB_ENDPTn[EPSTALL] bit to set. This
causes USBOTG to issue a STALL handshake for both directions of the associated endpoint. To
clear the stall condition:
1. Clear the associated USB_ENDPTn[EPSTALL] bit.
2. Write the BDT to clear OWN and BDT_STALL.
TOK_PID[n] Bits [5:2] can also represent the current token PID. The current token PID is written back in to the
BD by USBFS when a transfer completes. The values written back are the token PID values from
the USB specification:
• 0x1h for an OUT token.
• 0x9h for an IN token.
• 0xDh for a SETUP token.
In host mode, this field is used to report the last returned PID or a transfer status indication. The
possible values returned are:
• 0x3h DATA0
• 0xBh DATA1
• 0x2h ACK
• 0xEh STALL
• 0xAh NAK
• 0x0h Bus Timeout
• 0xFh Data Error
1–0
Reserved
Reserved, should read as zeroes.
ADDR[31:0] Address
Represents the 32-bit buffer address in system memory. These bits are unchanged by USBFS.
41.3.5 USB transaction
When USBFS transmits or receives data, it computes the BDT address using the address
generation shown in "Addressing Buffer Descriptor Entries" table.
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If OWN =1, the following process occurs:
1. USBFS reads the BDT.
2. The SIE transfers the data via the DMA to or from the buffer pointed to by the
ADDR field of the BD.
3. When the TOKEN is complete, USBFS updates the BDT and, if KEEP=0, changes
the OWN bit to 0.
4. The STAT register is updated and the TOK_DNE interrupt is set.
5. When the processor processes the TOK_DNE interrupt, it reads from the status
register all the information needed to process the endpoint.
6. At this point, the processor allocates a new BD so that additional USB data can be
transmitted or received for that endpoint, and then processes the last BD.
The following figure shows a timeline of how a typical USB token is processed after the
BDT is read and OWN=1.
SETUP TOKEN DATA ACK
USB RST SOF
IN TOKEN DATA ACK
OUT TOKEN DATA ACK
USB_RST
Interrupt Generated
USB Host Function
TOK_DNE
Interrupt Generated
SOF Interrupt Generated
TOK_DNE
Interrupt Generated
TOK_DNE
Interrupt Generated
Figure 41-7. USB token transaction
The USB has two sources for the DMA overrun error:
Memory Latency
The memory latency may be too high and cause the receive FIFO to overflow. This is
predominantly a hardware performance issue, usually caused by transient memory access
issues.
Oversized Packets
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The packet received may be larger than the negotiated MaxPacket size. Typically, this is
caused by a software bug. For DMA overrun errors due to oversized data packets, the
USB specification is ambiguous. It assumes correct software drivers on both sides.
NAKing the packet can result in retransmission of the already oversized packet data.
Therefore, in response to oversized packets, the USB core continues ACKing the packet
for non-isochronous transfers.
Table 41-6. USB responses to DMA overrun errors
Errors due to Memory Latency Errors due to Oversized Packets
Non-Acknowledgment (NAK) or Bus Timeout (BTO) — See
bit 4 in "Error Interrupt Status Register (ERRSTAT)" as
appropriate for the class of transaction.
Continues acknowledging (ACKing) the packet for non-
isochronous transfers.
—The data written to memory is clipped to the MaxPacket size
so as not to corrupt system memory.
The DMAERR bit is set in the ERRSTAT register for host and
device modes of operation. Depending on the values of the
INTENB and ERRENB register, the core may assert an
interrupt to notify the processor of the DMA error.
Asserts ERRSTAT[DMAERR] ,which can trigger an interrupt
and TOKDNE interrupt fires. Note: The TOK_PID field of the
BDT is not 1111 because the DMAERR is not due to latency.
• For host mode, the TOKDNE interrupt is generated and
the TOK_PID field of the BDT is 1111 to indicate the
DMA latency error. Host mode software can decide to
retry or move to next scheduled item.
• In device mode, the BDT is not written back nor is the
TOKDNE interrupt triggered because it is assumed that
a second attempt is queued and will succeed in the
future.
The packet length field written back to the BDT is the
MaxPacket value that represents the length of the clipped
data actually written to memory.
From here, the software can decide an appropriate course of action for future transactions such as stalling the endpoint,
canceling the transfer, disabling the endpoint, etc.
41.4 Memory map/Register definitions
This section provides the memory map and detailed descriptions of all USB interface
registers.
USB memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_2000 Peripheral ID register (USB0_PERID) 8 R 04h 41.4.1/977
4007_2004 Peripheral ID Complement register (USB0_IDCOMP) 8 R FBh 41.4.2/977
4007_2008 Peripheral Revision register (USB0_REV) 8 R 33h 41.4.3/978
4007_200C Peripheral Additional Info register (USB0_ADDINFO) 8 R 01h 41.4.4/978
4007_2010 OTG Interrupt Status register (USB0_OTGISTAT) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.5/979
4007_2014 OTG Interrupt Control register (USB0_OTGICR) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.6/980
Table continues on the next page...
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USB memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_2018 OTG Status register (USB0_OTGSTAT) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.7/981
4007_201C OTG Control register (USB0_OTGCTL) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.8/982
4007_2080 Interrupt Status register (USB0_ISTAT) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.9/983
4007_2084 Interrupt Enable register (USB0_INTEN) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.10/
984
4007_2088 Error Interrupt Status register (USB0_ERRSTAT) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.11/
985
4007_208C Error Interrupt Enable register (USB0_ERREN) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.12/
986
4007_2090 Status register (USB0_STAT) 8 R 00h 41.4.13/
987
4007_2094 Control register (USB0_CTL) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.14/
988
4007_2098 Address register (USB0_ADDR) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.15/
989
4007_209C BDT Page register 1 (USB0_BDTPAGE1) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.16/
990
4007_20A0 Frame Number register Low (USB0_FRMNUML) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.17/
990
4007_20A4 Frame Number register High (USB0_FRMNUMH) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.18/
991
4007_20A8 Token register (USB0_TOKEN) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.19/
991
4007_20AC SOF Threshold register (USB0_SOFTHLD) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.20/
992
4007_20B0 BDT Page Register 2 (USB0_BDTPAGE2) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.21/
993
4007_20B4 BDT Page Register 3 (USB0_BDTPAGE3) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.22/
993
4007_20C0 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT0) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20C4 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT1) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20C8 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT2) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20CC Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT3) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20D0 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT4) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20D4 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT5) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20D8 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT6) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
Table continues on the next page...
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USB memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4007_20DC Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT7) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20E0 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT8) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20E4 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT9) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20E8 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT10) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20EC Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT11) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20F0 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT12) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20F4 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT13) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20F8 Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT14) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_20FC Endpoint Control register (USB0_ENDPT15) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.23/
994
4007_2100 USB Control register (USB0_USBCTRL) 8 R/W C0h 41.4.24/
995
4007_2104 USB OTG Observe register (USB0_OBSERVE) 8 R 50h 41.4.25/
996
4007_2108 USB OTG Control register (USB0_CONTROL) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.26/
996
4007_210C USB Transceiver Control register 0 (USB0_USBTRC0) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.27/
997
4007_2114 Frame Adjust Register (USB0_USBFRMADJUST) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.28/
998
4007_2140 USB Clock recovery control
(USB0_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL) 8 R/W 00h 41.4.29/
999
4007_2144 IRC48M oscillator enable register
(USB0_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN) 8 R/W 01h 41.4.30/
1000
4007_2154 Clock recovery combined interrupt enable
(USB0_CLK_RECOVER_INT_EN) 8 R/W 10h 41.4.31/
1001
4007_215C Clock recovery separated interrupt status
(USB0_CLK_RECOVER_INT_STATUS) 8 w1c 00h 41.4.32/
1001
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41.4.1 Peripheral ID register (USBx_PERID)
Reads back the value of 0x04. This value is defined for the USB peripheral.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 0h offset = 4007_2000h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 ID
Write
Reset 00000100
USBx_PERID field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
ID Peripheral Identification
This field always reads 0x4h.
41.4.2 Peripheral ID Complement register (USBx_IDCOMP)
Reads back the complement of the Peripheral ID register. For the USB peripheral, the
value is 0xFB.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 4h offset = 4007_2004h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 1 NID
Write
Reset 11111011
USBx_IDCOMP field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 1.
NID Ones' complement of PERID[ID]. bits.
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41.4.3 Peripheral Revision register (USBx_REV)
Contains the revision number of the USB module.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 8h offset = 4007_2008h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read REV
Write
Reset 00110011
USBx_REV field descriptions
Field Description
REV Revision
Indicates the revision number of the USB Core.
41.4.4 Peripheral Additional Info register (USBx_ADDINFO)
Reads back the value of the Host Enable bit.
Address: 4007_2000h base + Ch offset = 4007_200Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 IEHOST
Write
Reset 00000001
USBx_ADDINFO field descriptions
Field Description
7–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
IEHOST
This bit is set if host mode is enabled.
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41.4.5 OTG Interrupt Status register (USBx_OTGISTAT)
Records changes of the ID sense and VBUS signals. Software can read this register to
determine the event that triggers an interrupt. Only bits that have changed since the last
software read are set. Writing a one to a bit clears the associated interrupt.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 10h offset = 4007_2010h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved ONEMSEC
LINE_
STATE_
CHG
0 Reserved Reserved 0 Reserved
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
USBx_OTGISTAT field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Software should not change the value of this bitfield.
6
ONEMSEC
This bit is set when the 1 millisecond timer expires. This bit stays asserted until cleared by software. The
interrupt must be serviced every millisecond to avoid losing 1msec counts.
5
LINE_STATE_
CHG
This interrupt is set when the USB line state (CTL[SE0] and CTL[JSTATE] bits) are stable without change
for 1 millisecond, and the value of the line state is different from the last time when the line state was
stable. It is set on transitions between SE0 and J-state, SE0 and K-state, and J-state and K-state.
Changes in J-state while SE0 is true do not cause an interrupt. This interrupt can be used in detecting
Reset, Resume, Connect, and Data Line Pulse signaling.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Software should not change the value of this bitfield.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Software should not change the value of this bitfield.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Software should not change the value of this bitfield.
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41.4.6 OTG Interrupt Control register (USBx_OTGICR)
Enables the corresponding interrupt status bits defined in the OTG Interrupt Status
Register.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 14h offset = 4007_2014h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved ONEMSEC
EN
LINESTATE
EN
0Reserved Reserved 0Reserved
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_OTGICR field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
Software must not change the value of this bitfield.
This field is reserved.
0 The ID interrupt is disabled
1 The ID interrupt is enabled
6
ONEMSECEN
One Millisecond Interrupt Enable
0 Diables the 1ms timer interrupt.
1 Enables the 1ms timer interrupt.
5
LINESTATEEN
Line State Change Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the LINE_STAT_CHG interrupt.
1 Enables the LINE_STAT_CHG interrupt.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
Software must not change the value of this bitfield.
This field is reserved.
0 Disables the SESSVLDCHG interrupt.
1 Enables the SESSVLDCHG interrupt.
2
Reserved
Software must not change the value of this bitfield.
This field is reserved.
0 Disables the B_SESS_CHG interrupt.
1 Enables the B_SESS_CHG interrupt.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
Reserved
Software must not change the value of this bitfield.
This field is reserved.
0 Disables the AVBUSCHG interrupt.
1 Enables the AVBUSCHG interrupt.
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41.4.7 OTG Status register (USBx_OTGSTAT)
Displays the actual value from the one-millisecond timer and line stable logic.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 18h offset = 4007_2018h
Bit 7 6 5 4
Read 0 ONEMSECEN LINESTATESTABLE 0
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
Bit 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0 0
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
USBx_OTGSTAT field descriptions
Field Description
7
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0 Indicates a Type A cable is plugged into the USB connector.
1 Indicates no cable is attached or a Type B cable is plugged into the USB connector.
6
ONEMSECEN
This bit is reserved for the 1ms count, but it is not useful to software.
5
LINESTATESTABLE
Indicates that the internal signals that control the LINE_STATE_CHG field of OTGISTAT are stable for
at least 1 ms. This bit is used to provide a hardware debounce of the linestate in detection of Connect,
Disconnect and Resume signaling. First read LINE_STATE_CHG field and then read this field. If this
field reads as 1, then the value of LINE_STATE_CHG can be considered stable.
0 The LINE_STAT_CHG bit is not yet stable.
1 The LINE_STAT_CHG bit has been debounced and is stable.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0 The VBUS voltage is below the B session valid threshold
1 The VBUS voltage is above the B session valid threshold.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0 The VBUS voltage is above the B session end threshold.
1 The VBUS voltage is below the B session end threshold.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0 The VBUS voltage is below the A VBUS Valid threshold.
1 The VBUS voltage is above the A VBUS Valid threshold.
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41.4.8 OTG Control register (USBx_OTGCTL)
Controls the operation of VBUS and Data Line termination resistors.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 1Ch offset = 4007_201Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DPHIGH 0DPLOW DMLOW 0OTGEN 0
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_OTGCTL field descriptions
Field Description
7
DPHIGH
D+ Data Line pullup resistor enable
0 D+ pullup resistor is not enabled
1 D+ pullup resistor is enabled
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
DPLOW
D+ Data Line pull-down resistor enable
This bit should always be enabled together with bit 4 (DMLOW)
0 D+ pulldown resistor is not enabled.
1 D+ pulldown resistor is enabled.
4
DMLOW
D– Data Line pull-down resistor enable
0 D- pulldown resistor is not enabled.
1 D- pulldown resistor is enabled.
3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
OTGEN
On-The-Go pullup/pulldown resistor enable
0 If USB_EN is 1 and HOST_MODE is 0 in the Control Register (CTL), then the D+ Data Line pull-up
resistors are enabled. If HOST_MODE is 1 the D+ and D– Data Line pull-down resistors are engaged.
1 The pull-up and pull-down controls in this register are used.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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41.4.9 Interrupt Status register (USBx_ISTAT)
Contains fields for each of the interrupt sources within the USB Module. Each of these
fields are qualified with their respective interrupt enable bits. All fields of this register are
logically OR'd together along with the OTG Interrupt Status Register (OTGSTAT) to
form a single interrupt source for the processor's interrupt controller. After an interrupt
bit has been set it may only be cleared by writing a one to the respective interrupt bit.
This register contains the value of 0x00 after a reset.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 80h offset = 4007_2080h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read STALL ATTACH RESUME SLEEP TOKDNE SOFTOK ERROR USBRST
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
USBx_ISTAT field descriptions
Field Description
7
STALL
Stall Interrupt
In Device mode this bit is asserted when a STALL handshake is sent by the SIE.
In Host mode this bit is set when the USB Module detects a STALL acknowledge during the handshake
phase of a USB transaction.This interrupt can be used to determine whether the last USB transaction was
completed successfully or stalled.
6
ATTACH
Attach Interrupt
This field is set when the USB Module detects an attach of a USB device. This field is only valid if
CTL[HOSTMODEEN]=1. This interrupt signifies that a peripheral is now present and must be configured; it
is asserted if there have been no transitions on the USB for 2.5 µs and the current bus state is not SE0."
0 No Attach is detected since the last time the ATTACH bit was cleared.
1 A peripheral is now present and must be configured (a stable non-SE0 state is detected for more than
2.5 µs).
5
RESUME
This bit is set when a K-state is observed on the DP/DM signals for 2.5 µs. When not in suspend mode
this interrupt must be disabled.
4
SLEEP
This bit is set when the USB Module detects a constant idle on the USB bus for 3 ms. The sleep timer is
reset by activity on the USB bus.
3
TOKDNE
This bit is set when the current token being processed has completed. The processor must immediately
read the STATUS (STAT) register to determine the EndPoint and BD used for this token. Clearing this bit
(by writing a one) causes STAT to be cleared or the STAT holding register to be loaded into the STAT
register.
2
SOFTOK
This bit is set when the USB Module receives a Start Of Frame (SOF) token.
In Host mode this field is set when the SOF threshold is reached, so that software can prepare for the next
SOF.
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_ISTAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
ERROR
This bit is set when any of the error conditions within Error Interrupt Status (ERRSTAT) register occur. The
processor must then read the ERRSTAT register to determine the source of the error.
0
USBRST
This bit is set when the USB Module has decoded a valid USB reset. This informs the processor that it
should write 0x00 into the address register and enable endpoint 0. USBRST is set after a USB reset has
been detected for 2.5 microseconds. It is not asserted again until the USB reset condition has been
removed and then reasserted.
41.4.10 Interrupt Enable register (USBx_INTEN)
Contains enable fields for each of the interrupt sources within the USB Module. Setting
any of these bits enables the respective interrupt source in the ISTAT register. This
register contains the value of 0x00 after a reset.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 84h offset = 4007_2084h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read STALLEN ATTACHEN RESUMEEN SLEEPEN TOKDNEEN SOFTOKEN ERROREN USBRSTEN
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_INTEN field descriptions
Field Description
7
STALLEN
STALL Interrupt Enable
0 Diasbles the STALL interrupt.
1 Enables the STALL interrupt.
6
ATTACHEN
ATTACH Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the ATTACH interrupt.
1 Enables the ATTACH interrupt.
5
RESUMEEN
RESUME Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the RESUME interrupt.
1 Enables the RESUME interrupt.
4
SLEEPEN
SLEEP Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the SLEEP interrupt.
1 Enables the SLEEP interrupt.
3
TOKDNEEN
TOKDNE Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the TOKDNE interrupt.
1 Enables the TOKDNE interrupt.
2
SOFTOKEN
SOFTOK Interrupt Enable
0 Disbles the SOFTOK interrupt.
1 Enables the SOFTOK interrupt.
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_INTEN field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
ERROREN
ERROR Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the ERROR interrupt.
1 Enables the ERROR interrupt.
0
USBRSTEN
USBRST Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the USBRST interrupt.
1 Enables the USBRST interrupt.
41.4.11 Error Interrupt Status register (USBx_ERRSTAT)
Contains enable bits for each of the error sources within the USB Module. Each of these
bits are qualified with their respective error enable bits. All bits of this register are
logically OR'd together and the result placed in the ERROR bit of the ISTAT register.
After an interrupt bit has been set it may only be cleared by writing a one to the
respective interrupt bit. Each bit is set as soon as the error condition is detected.
Therefore, the interrupt does not typically correspond with the end of a token being
processed. This register contains the value of 0x00 after a reset.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 88h offset = 4007_2088h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BTSERR 0 DMAERR BTOERR DFN8 CRC16 CRC5EOF PIDERR
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
USBx_ERRSTAT field descriptions
Field Description
7
BTSERR
This bit is set when a bit stuff error is detected. If set, the corresponding packet is rejected due to the error.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
DMAERR
This bit is set if the USB Module has requested a DMA access to read a new BDT but has not been given
the bus before it needs to receive or transmit data. If processing a TX transfer this would cause a transmit
data underflow condition. If processing a RX transfer this would cause a receive data overflow condition.
This interrupt is useful when developing device arbitration hardware for the microprocessor and the USB
module to minimize bus request and bus grant latency. This bit is also set if a data packet to or from the
host is larger than the buffer size allocated in the BDT. In this case the data packet is truncated as it is put
in buffer memory.
4
BTOERR
This bit is set when a bus turnaround timeout error occurs. The USB module contains a bus turnaround
timer that keeps track of the amount of time elapsed between the token and data phases of a SETUP or
OUT TOKEN or the data and handshake phases of a IN TOKEN. If more than 16 bit times are counted
from the previous EOP before a transition from IDLE, a bus turnaround timeout error occurs.
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_ERRSTAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
3
DFN8
This bit is set if the data field received was not 8 bits in length. USB Specification 1.0 requires that data
fields be an integral number of bytes. If the data field was not an integral number of bytes, this bit is set.
2
CRC16
This bit is set when a data packet is rejected due to a CRC16 error.
1
CRC5EOF
This error interrupt has two functions. When the USB Module is operating in peripheral mode
(HOSTMODEEN=0), this interrupt detects CRC5 errors in the token packets generated by the host. If set
the token packet was rejected due to a CRC5 error.
When the USB Module is operating in host mode (HOSTMODEEN=1), this interrupt detects End Of Frame
(EOF) error conditions. This occurs when the USB Module is transmitting or receiving data and the SOF
counter reaches zero. This interrupt is useful when developing USB packet scheduling software to ensure
that no USB transactions cross the start of the next frame.
0
PIDERR
This bit is set when the PID check field fails.
41.4.12 Error Interrupt Enable register (USBx_ERREN)
Contains enable bits for each of the error interrupt sources within the USB module.
Setting any of these bits enables the respective interrupt source in ERRSTAT. Each bit is
set as soon as the error condition is detected. Therefore, the interrupt does not typically
correspond with the end of a token being processed. This register contains the value of
0x00 after a reset.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 8Ch offset = 4007_208Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BTSERREN 0DMAERREN BTOERREN DFN8EN CRC16EN CRC5EOFE
NPIDERREN
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_ERREN field descriptions
Field Description
7
BTSERREN
BTSERR Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the BTSERR interrupt.
1 Enables the BTSERR interrupt.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
DMAERREN
DMAERR Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the DMAERR interrupt.
1 Enables the DMAERR interrupt.
4
BTOERREN
BTOERR Interrupt Enable
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_ERREN field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Disables the BTOERR interrupt.
1 Enables the BTOERR interrupt.
3
DFN8EN
DFN8 Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the DFN8 interrupt.
1 Enables the DFN8 interrupt.
2
CRC16EN
CRC16 Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the CRC16 interrupt.
1 Enables the CRC16 interrupt.
1
CRC5EOFEN
CRC5/EOF Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the CRC5/EOF interrupt.
1 Enables the CRC5/EOF interrupt.
0
PIDERREN
PIDERR Interrupt Enable
0 Disables the PIDERR interrupt.
1 Enters the PIDERR interrupt.
41.4.13 Status register (USBx_STAT)
Reports the transaction status within the USB module. When the processor's interrupt
controller has received a TOKDNE, interrupt the Status Register must be read to
determine the status of the previous endpoint communication. The data in the status
register is valid when TOKDNE interrupt is asserted. The Status register is actually a
read window into a status FIFO maintained by the USB module. When the USB module
uses a BD, it updates the Status register. If another USB transaction is performed before
the TOKDNE interrupt is serviced, the USB module stores the status of the next
transaction in the STAT FIFO. Thus STAT is actually a four byte FIFO that allows the
processor core to process one transaction while the SIE is processing the next transaction.
Clearing the TOKDNE bit in the ISTAT register causes the SIE to update STAT with the
contents of the next STAT value. If the data in the STAT holding register is valid, the
SIE immediately reasserts to TOKDNE interrupt.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 90h offset = 4007_2090h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ENDP TX ODD 0
Write
Reset 00000000
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USBx_STAT field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
ENDP
This four-bit field encodes the endpoint address that received or transmitted the previous token. This
allows the processor core to determine the BDT entry that was updated by the last USB transaction.
3
TX
Transmit Indicator
0 The most recent transaction was a receive operation.
1 The most recent transaction was a transmit operation.
2
ODD
This bit is set if the last buffer descriptor updated was in the odd bank of the BDT.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
41.4.14 Control register (USBx_CTL)
Provides various control and configuration information for the USB module.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 94h offset = 4007_2094h
Bit 7 6 5 4
Read JSTATE SE0 TXSUSPENDTOKENB
USY RESET
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
Bit 3 2 1 0
Read HOSTMODEEN RESUME ODDRST USBENSOFEN
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
USBx_CTL field descriptions
Field Description
7
JSTATE
Live USB differential receiver JSTATE signal
The polarity of this signal is affected by the current state of LSEN .
6
SE0
Live USB Single Ended Zero signal
5
TXSUSPENDTOKENBUSY
In Host mode, TOKEN_BUSY is set when the USB module is busy executing a USB token.
Software must not write more token commands to the Token Register when TOKEN_BUSY is
set. Software should check this field before writing any tokens to the Token Register to ensure
that token commands are not lost.
In Device mode, TXD_SUSPEND is set when the SIE has disabled packet transmission and
reception. Clearing this bit allows the SIE to continue token processing. This bit is set by the
SIE when a SETUP Token is received allowing software to dequeue any pending packet
transactions in the BDT before resuming token processing.
4
RESET
Setting this bit enables the USB Module to generate USB reset signaling. This allows the USB
Module to reset USB peripherals. This control signal is only valid in Host mode
(HOSTMODEEN=1). Software must set RESET to 1 for the required amount of time and then
clear it to 0 to end reset signaling. 1.0.
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_CTL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
3
HOSTMODEEN
When set to 1, this bit enables the USB Module to operate in Host mode. In host mode, the
USB module performs USB transactions under the programmed control of the host processor.
2
RESUME
When set to 1 this bit enables the USB Module to execute resume signaling. This allows the
USB Module to perform remote wake-up. Software must set RESUME to 1 for the required
amount of time and then clear it to 0. If the HOSTMODEEN bit is set, the USB module appends
a Low Speed End of Packet to the Resume signaling when the RESUME bit is cleared.
1
ODDRST
Setting this bit to 1 resets all the BDT ODD ping/pong fields to 0, which then specifies the
EVEN BDT bank.
0
USBENSOFEN
USB Enable
Setting this bit enables the USB-FS to operate; clearing it disables the USB-FS. Setting the bit
causes the SIE to reset all of its ODD bits to the BDTs. Therefore, setting this bit resets much
of the logic in the SIE.
When host mode is enabled, clearing this bit causes the SIE to stop sending SOF tokens.
0 Disables the USB Module.
1 Enables the USB Module.
41.4.15 Address register (USBx_ADDR)
Holds the unique USB address that the USB module decodes when in Peripheral mode
(HOSTMODEEN=0). When operating in Host mode (HOSTMODEEN=1) the USB
module transmits this address with a TOKEN packet. This enables the USB module to
uniquely address any USB peripheral. In either mode, CTL[USBENSOFEN] must be 1.
The Address register is reset to 0x00 after the reset input becomes active or the USB
module decodes a USB reset signal. This action initializes the Address register to decode
address 0x00 as required by the USB specification.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 98h offset = 4007_2098h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LSEN ADDR
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_ADDR field descriptions
Field Description
7
LSEN
Low Speed Enable bit
Informs the USB module that the next token command written to the token register must be performed at
low speed. This enables the USB module to perform the necessary preamble required for low-speed data
transmissions.
ADDR USB Address
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_ADDR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Defines the USB address that the USB module decodes in peripheral mode, or transmits when in host
mode.
41.4.16 BDT Page register 1 (USBx_BDTPAGE1)
Provides address bits 15 through 9 of the base address where the current Buffer
Descriptor Table (BDT) resides in system memory. See Buffer Descriptor Table. The 32-
bit BDT Base Address is always aligned on 512-byte boundaries, so bits 8 through 0 of
the base address are always zero.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 9Ch offset = 4007_209Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BDTBA 0
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_BDTPAGE1 field descriptions
Field Description
7–1
BDTBA
Provides address bits 15 through 9 of the BDT base address.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
41.4.17 Frame Number register Low (USBx_FRMNUML)
The Frame Number registers (low and high) contain the 11-bit frame number. These
registers are updated with the current frame number whenever a SOF TOKEN is
received.
Address: 4007_2000h base + A0h offset = 4007_20A0h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read FRM[7:0]
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_FRMNUML field descriptions
Field Description
FRM[7:0] This 8-bit field and the 3-bit field in the Frame Number Register High are used to compute the address
where the current Buffer Descriptor Table (BDT) resides in system memory.
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41.4.18 Frame Number register High (USBx_FRMNUMH)
The Frame Number registers (low and high) contain the 11-bit frame number. These
registers are updated with the current frame number whenever a SOF TOKEN is
received.
Address: 4007_2000h base + A4h offset = 4007_20A4h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 FRM[10:8]
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_FRMNUMH field descriptions
Field Description
7–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
FRM[10:8] This 3-bit field and the 8-bit field in the Frame Number Register Low are used to compute the address
where the current Buffer Descriptor Table (BDT) resides in system memory.
41.4.19 Token register (USBx_TOKEN)
Used to initiate USB transactions when in host mode (HOSTMODEEN=1). When the
software needs to execute a USB transaction to a peripheral, it writes the TOKEN type
and endpoint to this register. After this register has been written, the USB module begins
the specified USB transaction to the address contained in the address register. The
processor core must always check that the TOKEN_BUSY bit in the control register is
not 1 before writing to the Token Register. This ensures that the token commands are not
overwritten before they can be executed. The address register and endpoint control
register 0 are also used when performing a token command and therefore must also be
written before the Token Register. The address register is used to select the USB
peripheral address transmitted by the token command. The endpoint control register
determines the handshake and retry policies used during the transfer.
Address: 4007_2000h base + A8h offset = 4007_20A8h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TOKENPID TOKENENDPT
Write
Reset 00000000
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USBx_TOKEN field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
TOKENPID
Contains the token type executed by the USB module.
0001 OUT Token. USB Module performs an OUT (TX) transaction.
1001 IN Token. USB Module performs an In (RX) transaction.
1101 SETUP Token. USB Module performs a SETUP (TX) transaction
TOKENENDPT Holds the Endpoint address for the token command. The four bit value written must be a valid endpoint.
41.4.20 SOF Threshold register (USBx_SOFTHLD)
The SOF Threshold Register is used only in Host mode (HOSTMODEEN=1). When in
Host mode, the 14-bit SOF counter counts the interval between SOF frames. The SOF
must be transmitted every 1ms so therefore the SOF counter is loaded with a value of
12000. When the SOF counter reaches zero, a Start Of Frame (SOF) token is transmitted.
The SOF threshold register is used to program the number of USB byte times before the
SOF to stop initiating token packet transactions. This register must be set to a value that
ensures that other packets are not actively being transmitted when the SOF time counts to
zero. When the SOF counter reaches the threshold value, no more tokens are transmitted
until after the SOF has been transmitted.
The value programmed into the threshold register must reserve enough time to ensure the
worst case transaction completes. In general the worst case transaction is an IN token
followed by a data packet from the peripheral device followed by the response from the
host. The actual time required is a function of the maximum packet size on the bus.
Typical values for the SOF threshold are:
• 64-byte packets=74;
• 32-byte packets=42;
• 16-byte packets=26;
• 8-byte packets=18.
Address: 4007_2000h base + ACh offset = 4007_20ACh
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CNT
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_SOFTHLD field descriptions
Field Description
CNT Represents the SOF count threshold in byte times.
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41.4.21 BDT Page Register 2 (USBx_BDTPAGE2)
Contains an 8-bit value used to compute the address where the current Buffer Descriptor
Table (BDT) resides in system memory. See Buffer Descriptor Table.
Address: 4007_2000h base + B0h offset = 4007_20B0h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BDTBA
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_BDTPAGE2 field descriptions
Field Description
BDTBA Provides address bits 23 through 16 of the BDT base address that defines the location of Buffer Descriptor
Table resides in system memory.
41.4.22 BDT Page Register 3 (USBx_BDTPAGE3)
Contains an 8-bit value used to compute the address where the current Buffer Descriptor
Table (BDT) resides in system memory. See Buffer Descriptor Table.
Address: 4007_2000h base + B4h offset = 4007_20B4h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BDTBA
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_BDTPAGE3 field descriptions
Field Description
BDTBA Provides address bits 31 through 24 of the BDT base address that defines the location of Buffer Descriptor
Table resides in system memory.
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41.4.23 Endpoint Control register (USBx_ENDPTn)
Contains the endpoint control bits for each of the 16 endpoints available within the USB
module for a decoded address. The format for these registers is shown in the following
figure. Endpoint 0 (ENDPT0) is associated with control pipe 0, which is required for all
USB functions. Therefore, after a USBRST interrupt occurs the processor core should set
ENDPT0 to contain 0x0D.
In Host mode ENDPT0 is used to determine the handshake, retry and low speed
characteristics of the host transfer. For Control, Bulk and Interrupt transfers, the
EPHSHK bit should be 1. For Isochronous transfers it should be 0. Common values to
use for ENDPT0 in host mode are 0x4D for Control, Bulk, and Interrupt transfers, and
0x4C for Isochronous transfers.
The three bits EPCTLDIS, EPRXEN, and EPTXEN define if an endpoint is enabled and
define the direction of the endpoint. The endpoint enable/direction control is defined in
the following table.
Table 41-7. Endpoint enable and direction control
EPCTLDIS EPRXEN EPTXEN Endpoint enable/direction
control
X 0 0 Disable endpoint
X 0 1 Enable endpoint for Tx
transfers only
X 1 0 Enable endpoint for Rx
transfers only
1 1 1 Enable endpoint for Rx and
Tx transfers
0 1 1 Enable Endpoint for RX and
TX as well as control
(SETUP) transfers.
Address: 4007_2000h base + C0h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 15d
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read HOSTWOH
UB RETRYDIS 0EPCTLDIS EPRXEN EPTXEN EPSTALL EPHSHK
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_ENDPTn field descriptions
Field Description
7
HOSTWOHUB
Host without a hub This is a Host mode only field and is present in the control register for endpoint 0
(ENDPT0) only.
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_ENDPTn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Low-speed device connected to Host through a hub. PRE_PID will be generated as required.
1 Low-speed device directly connected. No hub, or no low-speed device attached.
6
RETRYDIS
This is a Host mode only bit and is present in the control register for endpoint 0 (ENDPT0) only. When set
this bit causes the host to not retry NAK'ed (Negative Acknowledgement) transactions. When a transaction
is NAKed, the BDT PID field is updated with the NAK PID, and the TOKEN_DNE interrupt is set. When
this bit is cleared, NAKed transactions are retried in hardware. This bit must be set when the host is
attempting to poll an interrupt endpoint.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
EPCTLDIS
This bit, when set, disables control (SETUP) transfers. When cleared, control transfers are enabled. This
applies if and only if the EPRXEN and EPTXEN bits are also set. See Table 41-7
3
EPRXEN
This bit, when set, enables the endpoint for RX transfers. See Table 41-7
2
EPTXEN
This bit, when set, enables the endpoint for TX transfers. See Table 41-7
1
EPSTALL
When set this bit indicates that the endpoint is stalled. This bit has priority over all other control bits in this
register, but it is only valid if EPTXEN=1 or EPRXEN=1. Any access to this endpoint causes the USB
Module to return a STALL handshake. After an endpoint is stalled it requires intervention from the Host
Controller.
0
EPHSHK
When set this bit enables an endpoint to perform handshaking during a transaction to this endpoint. This
bit is generally 1 unless the endpoint is Isochronous.
41.4.24 USB Control register (USBx_USBCTRL)
Address: 4007_2000h base + 100h offset = 4007_2100h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SUSP PDE 0
Write
Reset 11000000
USBx_USBCTRL field descriptions
Field Description
7
SUSP
Places the USB transceiver into the suspend state.
0 USB transceiver is not in suspend state.
1 USB transceiver is in suspend state.
6
PDE
Enables the weak pulldowns on the USB transceiver.
0 Weak pulldowns are disabled on D+ and D–.
1 Weak pulldowns are enabled on D+ and D–.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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41.4.25 USB OTG Observe register (USBx_OBSERVE)
Provides visibility on the state of the pull-ups and pull-downs at the transceiver. Useful
when interfacing to an external OTG control module via a serial interface.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 104h offset = 4007_2104h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DPPU DPPD 0 DMPD 0 0
Write
Reset 01010000
USBx_OBSERVE field descriptions
Field Description
7
DPPU
Provides observability of the D+ Pullup enable at the USB transceiver.
0 D+ pullup disabled.
1 D+ pullup enabled.
6
DPPD
Provides observability of the D+ Pulldown enable at the USB transceiver.
0 D+ pulldown disabled.
1 D+ pulldown enabled.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
DMPD
Provides observability of the D- Pulldown enable at the USB transceiver.
0 D– pulldown disabled.
1 D– pulldown enabled.
3–1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
41.4.26 USB OTG Control register (USBx_CONTROL)
Address: 4007_2000h base + 108h offset = 4007_2108h
Bit 7 6 5 4
Read 0 DPPULLUPNONOTG
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
Bit 3 2 1 0
Read 0
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
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USBx_CONTROL field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
DPPULLUPNONOTG
Provides control of the DP Pullup in USBOTG, if USB is configured in non-OTG device mode.
0 DP Pullup in non-OTG device mode is not enabled.
1 DP Pullup in non-OTG device mode is enabled.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
41.4.27 USB Transceiver Control register 0 (USBx_USBTRC0)
Includes signals for basic operation of the on-chip USB Full Speed transceiver and
configuration of the USB data connection that are not otherwise included in the USB Full
Speed controller registers.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 10Ch offset = 4007_210Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4
Read 0 USBRESMEN 0
Write USBRESET
Reset 0 0 0 0
Bit 3 2 1 0
Read 0 USB_CLK_
RECOVERY_INT SYNC_DET USB_RESUME_INT
Write
Reset 0 0 0 0
USBx_USBTRC0 field descriptions
Field Description
7
USBRESET
USB Reset
Generates a hard reset to USBOTG. After this bit is set and the reset occurs, this bit is automatically
cleared.
NOTE: This bit is always read as zero. Wait two USB clock cycles after setting this bit before
accessing other USB register bitfields.
0 Normal USB module operation.
1 Returns the USB module to its reset state.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
USBRESMEN
Asynchronous Resume Interrupt Enable
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_USBTRC0 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
This bit, when set, allows the USB module to send an asynchronous wakeup event to the MCU upon
detection of resume signaling on the USB bus. The MCU then re-enables clocks to the USB module. It is
used for low-power suspend mode when USB module clocks are stopped or the USB transceiver is in
Suspend mode. Async wakeup only works in device mode.
0 USB asynchronous wakeup from suspend mode disabled.
1 USB asynchronous wakeup from suspend mode enabled. The asynchronous resume interrupt differs
from the synchronous resume interrupt in that it asynchronously detects K-state using the unfiltered
state of the D+ and D– pins. This interrupt should only be enabled when the Transceiver is
suspended.
4–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
USB_CLK_
RECOVERY_INT
Combined USB Clock Recovery interrupt status
This read-only field will be set to value high at 1'b1 when any of USB clock recovery interrupt conditions
are detected and those interrupts are unmasked.
For customer use the only unmasked USB clock recovery interrupt condition results from an overflow of
the frequency trim setting values indicating that the frequency trim calculated is out of the adjustment
range of the IRC48M output clock.
To clear this bit after it has been set, Write 0xFF to register USB_CLK_RECOVER_INT_STATUS.
1
SYNC_DET
Synchronous USB Interrupt Detect
0 Synchronous interrupt has not been detected.
1 Synchronous interrupt has been detected.
0
USB_RESUME_
INT
USB Asynchronous Interrupt
0 No interrupt was generated.
1 Interrupt was generated because of the USB asynchronous interrupt.
41.4.28 Frame Adjust Register (USBx_USBFRMADJUST)
Address: 4007_2000h base + 114h offset = 4007_2114h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ADJ
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_USBFRMADJUST field descriptions
Field Description
ADJ Frame Adjustment
In Host mode, the frame adjustment is a twos complement number that adjusts the period of each USB
frame in 12-MHz clock periods. A SOF is normally generated every 12,000 12-MHz clock cycles. The
Frame Adjust Register can adjust this by -128 to +127 to compensate for inaccuracies in the USB 48-MHz
clock. Changes to the ADJ bit take effect at the start of the next frame.
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41.4.29 USB Clock recovery control (USBx_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL)
Signals in this register control the crystal-less USB clock mode in which the internal
IRC48M oscillator is tuned to match the clock extracted from the incoming USB data
stream.
The IRC48M internal oscillator module must be enabled in register
USB_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN for this mode.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 140h offset = 4007_2140h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CLOCK_
RECOVER_
EN
RESET_
RESUME_
ROUGH_EN
RESTART_
IFRTRIM_
EN
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
Write
Reset 00000000
USBx_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL field descriptions
Field Description
7
CLOCK_
RECOVER_EN
Crystal-less USB enable
This bit must be enabled if user wants to use the crystal-less USB mode for the Full Speed USB controller
and transceiver.
NOTE: This bit should not be set for USB host mode or OTG.
0 Disable clock recovery block (default)
1 Enable clock recovery block
6
RESET_
RESUME_
ROUGH_EN
Reset/resume to rough phase enable
The clock recovery block tracks the IRC48Mhz to get an accurate 48Mhz clock. It has two phases after
user enables clock_recover_en bit, rough phase and tracking phase. The step to fine tune the IRC 48Mhz
by adjusting the trim fine value is different during these two phases. The step in rough phase is larger than
that in tracking phase. Switch back to rough stage whenever USB bus reset or bus resume occurs.
0 Always works in tracking phase after the first time rough to track transition (default)
1 Go back to rough stage whenever bus reset or bus resume occurs
5
RESTART_
IFRTRIM_EN
Restart from IFR trim value
IRC48 has a default trim fine value whose default value is factory trimmed (the IFR trim value). Clock
recover block tracks the accuracy of the clock 48Mhz and keeps updating the trim fine value accordingly
0 Trim fine adjustment always works based on the previous updated trim fine value (default)
1 Trim fine restarts from the IFR trim value whenever bus_reset/bus_resume is detected or module
enable is desasserted
4–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This bit is for NXP use only. Customers should not change this bit from its default state.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This bit is for NXP use only. Customers should not change this bit from its default state.
Table continues on the next page...
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USBx_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Default should not be changed
41.4.30 IRC48M oscillator enable register
(USBx_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN)
Controls basic operation of the on-chip IRC48M module used to produce nominal
48MHz clocks for USB crystal-less operation and other functions.
See additional information about the IRC48M operation in the Clock Distribution
chapter.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 144h offset = 4007_2144h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved IRC_EN REG_EN
Write
Reset 00000001
USBx_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN field descriptions
Field Description
7–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
1
IRC_EN
IRC48M enable
This bit is used to enable the on-chip IRC48Mhz module to generate clocks for crystal-less USB. It can be
used for FS USB device mode operation. This bit must be set before using the crystal-less USB clock
configuration.
0 Disable the IRC48M module (default)
1 Enable the IRC48M module
0
REG_EN
IRC48M regulator enable
This bit is used to enable the local analog regulator for IRC48Mhz module. This bit must be set if user
wants to use the crystal-less USB clock configuration.
0 IRC48M local regulator is disabled
1 IRC48M local regulator is enabled (default)
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41.4.31 Clock recovery combined interrupt enable
(USBx_CLK_RECOVER_INT_EN)
Enables or masks the individual interrupt flags which are logically OR'ed together to
produce the combined interrupt indication on the USB_CLK_RECOVERY_INT bit in
the USB_USBTRC0 register if the indicated conditions have been detected in the USB
clock recovery algorithm operation.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 154h offset = 4007_2154h
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved OVF_
ERROR_EN Reserved
Write
Reset 00010000
USBx_CLK_RECOVER_INT_EN field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Should always be written as 0.
4
OVF_ERROR_
EN
Determines whether OVF_ERROR condition signal is used in generation of USB_CLK_RECOVERY_INT.
0 The interrupt will be masked
1 The interrupt will be enabled (default)
Reserved This field is reserved.
Should always be written as 0.
41.4.32 Clock recovery separated interrupt status
(USBx_CLK_RECOVER_INT_STATUS)
A Write operation with value high at 1'b1 on any combination of individual bits will clear
those bits.
Address: 4007_2000h base + 15Ch offset = 4007_215Ch
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read Reserved OVF_
ERROR Reserved
Write w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
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USBx_CLK_RECOVER_INT_STATUS field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Should always be written as 0.
4
OVF_ERROR
Indicates that the USB clock recovery algorithm has detected that the frequency trim adjustment needed
for the IRC48M output clock is outside the available TRIM_FINE adjustment range for the IRC48M
module.
0 No interrupt is reported
1 Unmasked interrupt has been generated
Reserved This field is reserved.
Should always be written as 0.
41.5 OTG and Host mode operation
The Host mode logic allows portable, mobile, and other devices using this SOC to
function as a USB Embedded Host (EH) Controller. The OTG logic adds an interface to
allow the OTG Host Negotiation and Session Request Protocols (HNP and SRP) to be
implemented in software.
Host mode is intended for use in handheld-portable devices to allow easy connection to
simple HID class devices such as printers and keyboards. It is not intended to perform the
functions of a full OHCI or UHCI compatible host controller found on PC motherboards.
Host mode allows bulk, isochronous, interrupt and control transfers. Bulk data transfers
are performed at nearly the full USB interface bandwidth. Support is provided for ISO
transfers, but the number of ISO streams that can be practically supported is affected by
the interrupt latency of the processor servicing the Token Done interrupts from the SIE.
Custom drivers must be written to support Host mode operation.
Setting the HOST_MODE_EN bit in the CTL register enables Host mode. The USB-FS
core can only operate as a peripheral device or in Host mode. It cannot operate in both
modes simultaneously. When HOST_MODE is enabled, only endpoint zero is used. All
other endpoints should be disabled by software.
41.6 Host Mode Operation Examples
The following sections illustrate the steps required to perform USB host functions using
the USB-FS core. For more information about these procedures, see the Universal Serial
Bus Specification, Revision 2.0, "Chapter 9 USB Device Framework."
To enable host mode and discover a connected device:
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1. Enable Host Mode (CTL[HOST_MODE_EN]=1). The pull-down resistors are
enabled, and pull-up disabled. Start of Frame (SOF) generation begins. SOF counter
loaded with 12,000. Disable SOF packet generation to eliminate noise on the USB by
writing the USB enable bit to 0 (CTL[USB_EN]=0).
2. Enable the ATTACH interrupt (INTEN[ATTACHEN]=1).
3. Wait for ATTACH interrupt (ISTAT[ATTACH]). Signaled by USB peripheral
device pull-up resistor changing the state of DPLUS or DMINUS from 0 to 1 (SE0 to
J or K state).
4. Check the state of the JSTATE and SE0 bits in the control register. If the connecting
device is low speed (JSTATE bit is 0), set the low-speed bit in the address registers
(ADDR[LS_EN]=1) and the Host Without Hub bit in endpoint 0 register control
(ENDPT0[HOSTWOHUB]=1).
5. Enable RESET (CTL[RESET]=1) for 10 ms.
6. Enable SOF packet to keep the connected device from going to suspend
(CTL[USB_EN=1]).
7. Enumerate the attached device by sending the appropriate commands to the default
control pipe of the connected device.
To complete a control transaction to a connected device:
1. Complete all the steps to discover a connected device
2. Set up the endpoint control register for bidirectional control transfers ENDPT0[4:0]
= 0x0d.
3. Place a copy of the device framework setup command in a memory buffer.
4. Initialize current even or odd TX EP0 BDT to transfer the 8 bytes of command data
for a device framework command (for example, a GET DEVICE DESCRIPTOR).
• Set the BDT command word to 0x00080080 –Byte count to 8, OWN bit to 1.
• Set the BDT buffer address field to the start address of the 8 byte command
buffer.
5. Set the USB device address of the peripheral device in the address register
(ADDR[6:0]). After the USB bus reset, the device USB address is zero. It is set to
some other value usually 1 by the Set Address device framework command.
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6. Write the TOKEN register with a SETUP to Endpoint 0, the peripheral device default
control pipe (TOKEN=0xD0). This initiates a setup token on the bus followed by a
data packet. The device handshake is returned in the BDT PID field after the packets
complete. When the BDT is written, a Token Done (ISTAT[TOKDNE]) interrupt is
asserted. This completes the setup phase of the setup transaction.
7. To initiate the data phase of the setup transaction (that is, get the data for the GET
DEVICE DESCRIPTOR command), set up a buffer in memory for the data to be
transferred.
8. Initialize the current even or odd TX EP0 BDT to transfer the data.
• Set the BDT command word to 0x004000C0 – BC to 64 (the byte count of the
data buffer in this case), OWN bit to 1, Data toggle to Data1.
• Set the BDT buffer address field to the start address of the data buffer
9. Write the TOKEN register with an IN or OUT token to Endpoint 0, the peripheral
device default control pipe, an IN token for a GET DEVICE DESCRIPTOR
command (TOKEN=0x90). This initiates an IN token on the bus followed by a data
packet from the device to the host. When the data packet completes, the BDT is
written and a Token Done (ISTAT[DNE]) interrupt is asserted. For control transfers
with a single packet data phase this completes the data phase of the setup transaction.
10. To initiate the status phase of the setup transaction, set up a buffer in memory to
receive or send the zero length status phase data packet.
11. Initialize the current even or odd TX EP0 BDT to transfer the status data.
• Set the BDT command word to 0x00000080 – BC to 0 (the byte count of the
data buffer in this case), OWN bit to 1, Data toggle to Data1.
• Set the BDT buffer address field to the start address of the data buffer
12. Write the TOKEN register with a IN or OUT token to Endpoint 0, the peripheral
device default control pipe, an OUT token for a GET DEVICE DESCRIPTOR
command (TOKEN=0x10). This initiates an OUT token on the bus followed by a
zero length data packet from the host to the device. When the data packet completes,
the BDT is written with the handshake from the device and a Token Done
(ISTAT[TOKDNE]) interrupt is asserted. This completes the data phase of the setup
transaction.
To send a full speed bulk data transfer to a peripheral device:
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1. Complete all steps to discover a connected device and to configure a connected
device. Write the ADDR register with the address of the peripheral device. Typically,
there is only one other device on the USB bus in host mode so it is expected that the
address is 0x01 and should remain constant.
2. Write 0x1D to ENDPT0 register to enable transmit and receive transfers with
handshaking enabled.
3. Setup the even TX EP0 BDT to transfer up to 64 bytes.
4. Set the USB device address of the peripheral device in the address register
(ADDR[6:0]).
5. Write the TOKEN register with an OUT token to the desired endpoint. The write to
this register triggers the USB-FS transmit state machines to begin transmitting the
token and the data.
6. Setup the odd TX EP0 BDT to transfer up to 64 bytes.
7. Write the TOKEN register with an OUT token as in step 4. Two tokens can be
queued at a time to allow the packets to be double buffered to achieve maximum
throughput.
8. Wait for the TOKDNE interrupt. This indicates that one of the BDTs has been
released back to the processor and the transfer has completed. If the peripheral device
asserts NAKs, the USB-FS continues to retry the transfer indefinitely without
processor intervention unless the ENDPT0[RETRYDIS] is 1. If the retry disable field
is set, the handshake (ACK, NAK, STALL, or ERROR (0xf)) is returned in the BDT
PID field. If a stall interrupt occurs, the pending packet must be dequeued and the
error condition in the peripheral device cleared. If a Reset interrupt occurs (SE0 for
more than 2.5 μs), the peripheral device has detached.
9. After the TOK_DNE interrupt occurs, the BDTs can be examined and the next data
packet queued by returning to step 2.
41.7 On-The-Go operation
The USB-OTG core provides sensors and controls to enable On-The-Go (OTG)
operation. These sensors are used by the OTG driver software to implement the Host
Negotiation Protocol (HNP) and Session Request Protocol (SRP) and give access to the
OTG protocol control signals. The following state machines show the OTG operations
involved with HNP and SRP protocols from either end of the USB cable.
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41.7.1 OTG dual role A device operation
A device is considered the A device because of the type of cable attached. If the USB
Type Standard-A or Micro-A plug is plugged into the device, it is considered the A
device.
A dual role A device operates as the following flow diagram and state description table
illustrates.
A_IDLE
A_WAIT_VFALL A_WAIT_VRISE
A_PERIPHERAL
A_SUSPEND
B_IDLE
A_WAIT_BCON
A_HOST
Figure 41-8. Dual role A device flow diagram
Table 41-8. State descriptions for the dual role A device flow
State Action Response
A_IDLE If ID Interrupt.
The cable has been unplugged or a Type B cable has been
attached. The device now acts as a Type B device.
Go to B_IDLE
If the A application wants to use the bus or if the B device is doing
an SRP as indicated by an A_SESS_VLD Interrupt or Attach or Port
Status Change Interrupt check data line for 5 –10 msec pulsing.
Go to A_WAIT_VRISE
Turn on DRV_VBUS
A_WAIT_VRISE If ID Interrupt or if A_VBUS_VLD is false after 100 msec
The cable has been changed or the A device cannot support the
current required from the B device.
Go to A_WAIT_VFALL
Turn off DRV_VBUS
If A_VBUS_VLD interrupt Go to A_WAIT_BCON
A_WAIT_BCON After 200 ms without Attach or ID Interrupt. (This could wait forever
if desired.)
Go to A_WAIT_FALL
Turn off DRV_VBUS
A_VBUS_VLD Interrupt and B device attaches Go to A_HOST
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 41-8. State descriptions for the dual role A device flow (continued)
State Action Response
Turn on Host mode
A_HOST Enumerate Device determine OTG Support.
If A_VBUS_VLD/ Interrupt or A device is done and does not think it
wants to do something soon or the B device disconnects
Go to A_WAIT_VFALL
Turn off Host mode
Turn off DRV_VBUS
If the A device is finished with session or if the A device wants to
allow the B device to take bus.
Go to A_SUSPEND
ID Interrupt or the B device disconnects Go to A_WAIT_BCON
A_SUSPEND If ID Interrupt, or if 150 ms B disconnect timeout (This timeout value
could be longer) or if A_VBUS_VLD\ Interrupt
Go to A_WAIT_VFALL
Turn off DRV_VBUS
If HNP enabled, and B disconnects in 150 ms then B device is
becoming the host.
Go to A_PERIPHERAL
Turn off Host mode
If A wants to start another session Go to A_HOST
A_PERIPHERAL If ID Interrupt or if A_VBUS_VLD interrupt Go to A_WAIT_VFALL
Turn off DRV_VBUS.
If 3 –200 ms of Bus Idle Go to A_WAIT_BCON
Turn on Host mode
A_WAIT_VFALL If ID Interrupt or (A_SESS_VLD/ & b_conn/) Go to A_IDLE
41.7.2 OTG dual role B device operation
A device is considered a B device if it is connected to the bus with a USB Type Standard-
B, Mini-B, or Micro-B plug inserted into the local USB receptacle. The Type Mini-B
plug and receptacle are now only allowed for dedicated peripheral devices, not dual-
role/OTG devices.
A dual role B device operates as the following flow diagram and state description table
illustrates.
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B_IDLE
B_HOST B_SRP_INIT
B_WAIT_ACON
A_IDLE
B_PERIPHERAL
Figure 41-9. Dual role B device flow diagram
Table 41-9. State descriptions for the dual role B device flow
State Action Response
B_IDLE If ID\ Interrupt.
A Type A cable has been plugged in and the device should now
respond as a Type A device.
Go to A_IDLE
If B_SESS_VLD Interrupt.
The A device has turned on VBUS and begins a session.
Go to B_PERIPHERAL
Turn on DP_HIGH
If B application wants the bus and Bus is Idle for 2 ms and the
B_SESS_END bit is set, the B device can perform an SRP.
Go to B_SRP_INIT
Pulse CHRG_VBUS
Pulse DP_HIGH 5-10
ms
B_SRP_INIT If ID\ Interrupt or SRP Done (SRP must be done in less than 100
ms.)
Go to B_IDLE
B_PERIPHERAL If HNP enabled and the bus is suspended and B wants the bus, the
B device can become the host.
Go to B_WAIT_ACON
Turn off DP_HIGH
B_WAIT_ACON If A connects, an attach interrupt is received Go to B_HOST
Turn on Host Mode
If ID\ Interrupt or B_SESS_VLD/ Interrupt
If the cable changes or if VBUS goes away, the host doesn't support
us.
Go to B_IDLE
Go to B_IDLE
If 3.125 ms expires or if a Resume occurs Go to B_PERIPHERAL
B_HOST If ID\ Interrupt or B_SESS_VLD\ Interrupt
If the cable changes or if VBUS goes away, the host doesn't support
us.
Go to B_IDLE
If B application is done or A disconnects Go to B_PERIPHERAL
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41.8 Device mode IRC48 operation
The following are the IRC48 initialization code steps:
1. Enable the IRC48M clock: USB_CLK_RECOVER_IRC_EN[IRC_EN] = 1b
2. Enable the USB clock recovery tuning:
USB_CLK_RECOVER_CTRL[CLOCK_RECOVER_EN] = 1b
3. Choose the clock source of USB by configuring the muxes and dividers in the SIM.
The IRC48M is muxed by setting SIM_SOPT2[MCGPLLFLL]=11b for USB usage.
4. The selected mux output clock can be divided by the USB clock divider, so set these
fields so no clock division is enabled. This is the equation for the divider:
Divider output clock = Divider input clock × [ (USBFRAC+1) / (USBDIV+1) ].
So set SIM_CLKDIV2[USBDIV] = 000b and SIM_CLKDIV2[USBFRAC] = 0b
5. The USB clock source must choose the output of the divided clock by setting
SIM_SOPT2[USBSRC] = 1b.
For chip-specific details, see the USB FS OTG controller clocking information in the
"Clock Distribution" chapter.
Chapter 41 Universal Serial Bus Full Speed OTG Controller (USBFSOTG)
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Device mode IRC48 operation
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Chapter 42
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
42.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) module provides a synchronous serial bus for
communication between a chip and an external peripheral device.
42.1.1 Block Diagram
The block diagram of this module is as follows:
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Baud Rate, Delay &
Transfer Control
Shift Register
SPI
SCK
S PI
16
Data Data
TX FIFO
Slave Bus Interface Clock/Reset
POPR
eDMA INTC
DMA and Interrupt Control
PUSHR
RX FIFO
CMD
32
8
PCS[x]/SS
SIN
SOUT
Figure 42-1. SPI Block Diagram
42.1.2 Features
The module supports the following features:
• Full-duplex, three-wire synchronous transfers
• Master mode
• Slave mode
• Data streaming operation in Slave mode with continuous slave selection
• Buffered transmit operation using the transmit first in first out (TX FIFO) with depth
of 4 entries
• Buffered receive operation using the receive FIFO (RX FIFO) with depth of 4 entries
• TX and RX FIFOs can be disabled individually for low-latency updates to SPI
queues
Introduction
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• Visibility into TX and RX FIFOs for ease of debugging
• Programmable transfer attributes on a per-frame basis:
• two transfer attribute registers
• Serial clock (SCK) with programmable polarity and phase
• Various programmable delays
• Programmable serial frame size: 4 to 16
• SPI frames longer than 16 bits can be supported using the continuous
selection format.
• Continuously held chip select capability
• 6 peripheral chip selects (PCSes), expandable to 64 with external demultiplexer
• Deglitching support for up to 32 peripheral chip selects (PCSes) with external
demultiplexer
• DMA support for adding entries to TX FIFO and removing entries from RX FIFO:
• TX FIFO is not full (TFFF)
• RX FIFO is not empty (RFDF)
• Interrupt conditions:
• End of Queue reached (EOQF)
• TX FIFO is not full (TFFF)
• Transfer of current frame complete (TCF)
• Attempt to transmit with an empty Transmit FIFO (TFUF)
• RX FIFO is not empty (RFDF)
• Frame received while Receive FIFO is full (RFOF)
• Global interrupt request line
• Modified SPI transfer formats for communication with slower peripheral devices
• Power-saving architectural features:
• Support for Stop mode
• Support for Doze mode
Chapter 42 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
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Interface configurations
42.1.3.1 SPI configuration
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) configuration allows the module to send and receive
serial data. This configuration allows the module to operate as a basic SPI block with
internal FIFOs supporting external queue operation. Transmitted data and received data
reside in separate FIFOs. The host CPU or a DMA controller read the received data from
the Receive FIFO and write transmit data to the Transmit FIFO.
For queued operations, the SPI queues can reside in system RAM, external to the module.
Data transfers between the queues and the module FIFOs are accomplished by a DMA
controller or host CPU. The following figure shows a system example with DMA, SPI,
and external queues in system RAM.
System RAM
SPI
DMA Controller
TX Queue
RX FIFO
TX FIFO
Shift Register
Addr/Ctrl
RX Queue
Addr/Ctrl
Req
Done
Tx Data
Rx Data
Rx Data
Tx Data or host CPU
Figure 42-2. SPI with queues and DMA
42.1.4 Modes of Operation
The module supports the following modes of operation that can be divided into two
categories:
• Module-specific modes:
• Master mode
42.1.3
Interface configurations
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• Slave mode
• Module Disable mode
• Chip-specific modes:
• External Stop mode
• Debug mode
The module enters module-specific modes when the host writes a module register. The
chip-specific modes are controlled by signals external to the module. The chip-specific
modes are modes that a chip may enter in parallel to the block-specific modes.
42.1.4.1 Master Mode
Master mode allows the module to initiate and control serial communication. In this
mode, these signals are controlled by the module and configured as outputs:
• SCK
• SOUT
•PCS[x]
42.1.4.2 Slave Mode
Slave mode allows the module to communicate with SPI bus masters. In this mode, the
module responds to externally controlled serial transfers. The SCK signal and the
PCS[0]/SS signals are configured as inputs and driven by an SPI bus master.
42.1.4.3 Module Disable Mode
The Module Disable mode can be used for chip power management. The clock to the
non-memory mapped logic in the module can be stopped while in the Module Disable
mode.
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42.1.4.4 External Stop Mode
External Stop mode is used for chip power management. The module supports the
Peripheral Bus Stop mode mechanism. When a request is made to enter External Stop
mode, it acknowledges the request and completes the transfer that is in progress. When
the module reaches the frame boundary, it signals that the protocol clock to the module
may be shut off.
42.1.4.5 Debug Mode
Debug mode is used for system development and debugging. The MCR[FRZ] bit controls
module behavior in the Debug mode:
• If the bit is set, the module stops all serial transfers, when the chip is in debug mode.
• If the bit is cleared, the chip debug mode has no effect on the module.
42.2 Module signal descriptions
This table describes the signals on the boundary of the module that may connect off chip
(in alphabetical order).
Table 42-1. Module signal descriptions
Signal Master mode Slave mode I/O
PCS0/SS Peripheral Chip Select 0 (O) Slave Select (I) I/O
PCS[1:3] Peripheral Chip Selects 1–3 (Unused) O
PCS4 Peripheral Chip Select 4 (Unused) O
PCS5/ PCSS Peripheral Chip Select 5 /Peripheral
Chip Select Strobe
(Unused) O
SCK Serial Clock (O) Serial Clock (I) I/O
SIN Serial Data In Serial Data In I
SOUT Serial Data Out Serial Data Out O
42.2.1 PCS0/SS—Peripheral Chip Select/Slave Select
Master mode: Peripheral Chip Select 0 (O)—Selects an SPI slave to receive data
transmitted from the module.
Slave mode: Slave Select (I)—Selects the module to receive data transmitted from an SPI
master.
Module signal descriptions
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NOTE
Do not tie the SPI slave select pin to ground. Otherwise, SPI
cannot function properly.
42.2.2 PCS1–PCS3—Peripheral Chip Selects 1–3
Master mode: Peripheral Chip Selects 1–3 (O)—Select an SPI slave to receive data
transmitted by the module.
Slave mode: Unused
42.2.3 PCS4—Peripheral Chip Select 4
Master mode: Peripheral Chip Select 4 (O)—Selects an SPI slave to receive data
transmitted by the module.
Slave mode: Unused
42.2.4 PCS5/PCSS—Peripheral Chip Select 5/Peripheral Chip
Select Strobe
Master mode:
• Peripheral Chip Select 5 (O)—Used only when the peripheral-chip-select strobe is
disabled (MCR[PCSSE]). Selects an SPI slave to receive data transmitted by the
module.
• Peripheral Chip Select Strobe (O)—Used only when the peripheral-chip-select strobe
is enabled (MCR[PCSSE]). Strobes an off-module peripheral-chip-select
demultiplexer, which decodes the module's PCS signals other than PCS5, preventing
glitches on the demultiplexer outputs.
Slave mode: Unused
42.2.5 SCK—Serial Clock
Master mode: Serial Clock (O)—Supplies a clock signal from the module to SPI slaves.
Slave mode: Serial Clock (I)—Supplies a clock signal to the module from an SPI master.
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42.2.6 SIN—Serial Input
Master mode: Serial Input (I)—Receives serial data.
Slave mode: Serial Input (I)—Receives serial data.
42.2.7 SOUT—Serial Output
Master mode: Serial Output (O)—Transmits serial data.
Slave mode: Serial Output (O)—Transmits serial data.
42.3 Memory Map/Register Definition
Register accesses to memory addresses that are reserved or undefined result in a transfer
error. Any Write access to the POPR and RXFRn also results in a transfer error.
SPI memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_C000 Module Configuration Register (SPI0_MCR) 32 R/W 0000_4001h 42.3.1/1020
4002_C008 Transfer Count Register (SPI0_TCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.2/1023
4002_C00C Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode)
(SPI0_CTAR0) 32 R/W 7800_0000h 42.3.3/1024
4002_C00C Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Slave Mode)
(SPI0_CTAR0_SLAVE) 32 R/W 7800_0000h 42.3.4/1028
4002_C010 Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode)
(SPI0_CTAR1) 32 R/W 7800_0000h 42.3.3/1024
4002_C02C Status Register (SPI0_SR) 32 R/W 0200_0000h 42.3.5/1030
4002_C030 DMA/Interrupt Request Select and Enable Register
(SPI0_RSER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.6/1033
4002_C034 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Master Mode (SPI0_PUSHR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.7/1035
4002_C034 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Slave Mode
(SPI0_PUSHR_SLAVE) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.8/1037
4002_C038 POP RX FIFO Register (SPI0_POPR) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.9/1037
4002_C03C Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI0_TXFR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_C040 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI0_TXFR1) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_C044 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI0_TXFR2) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_C048 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI0_TXFR3) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
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SPI memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_C07C Receive FIFO Registers (SPI0_RXFR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_C080 Receive FIFO Registers (SPI0_RXFR1) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_C084 Receive FIFO Registers (SPI0_RXFR2) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_C088 Receive FIFO Registers (SPI0_RXFR3) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_D000 Module Configuration Register (SPI1_MCR) 32 R/W 0000_4001h 42.3.1/1020
4002_D008 Transfer Count Register (SPI1_TCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.2/1023
4002_D00C Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode)
(SPI1_CTAR0) 32 R/W 7800_0000h 42.3.3/1024
4002_D00C Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Slave Mode)
(SPI1_CTAR0_SLAVE) 32 R/W 7800_0000h 42.3.4/1028
4002_D010 Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode)
(SPI1_CTAR1) 32 R/W 7800_0000h 42.3.3/1024
4002_D02C Status Register (SPI1_SR) 32 R/W 0200_0000h 42.3.5/1030
4002_D030 DMA/Interrupt Request Select and Enable Register
(SPI1_RSER) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.6/1033
4002_D034 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Master Mode (SPI1_PUSHR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.7/1035
4002_D034 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Slave Mode
(SPI1_PUSHR_SLAVE) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 42.3.8/1037
4002_D038 POP RX FIFO Register (SPI1_POPR) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.9/1037
4002_D03C Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI1_TXFR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_D040 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI1_TXFR1) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_D044 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI1_TXFR2) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_D048 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPI1_TXFR3) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.10/
1038
4002_D07C Receive FIFO Registers (SPI1_RXFR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_D080 Receive FIFO Registers (SPI1_RXFR1) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_D084 Receive FIFO Registers (SPI1_RXFR2) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
4002_D088 Receive FIFO Registers (SPI1_RXFR3) 32 R 0000_0000h 42.3.11/
1038
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42.3.1 Module Configuration Register (SPIx_MCR)
Contains bits to configure various attributes associated with the module operations. The
HALT and MDIS bits can be changed at any time, but the effect takes place only on the
next frame boundary. Only the HALT and MDIS bits in the MCR can be changed, while
the module is in the Running state.
Address: Base address + 0h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
MSTR
CONT_SCKE
DCONF
FRZ
MTFE
PCSSE
ROOE
Reserved PCSIS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
DOZE
MDIS DIS_
TXF
DIS_
RXF
0 0
SMPL_PT
0
Reserved
Reserved
HALT
W
CLR_TXF
CLR_RXF
Reset 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
SPIx_MCR field descriptions
Field Description
31
MSTR
Master/Slave Mode Select
Enables either Master mode (if supported) or Slave mode (if supported) operation.
0 Enables Slave mode
1 Enables Master mode
30
CONT_SCKE
Continuous SCK Enable
Enables the Serial Communication Clock (SCK) to run continuously.
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SPIx_MCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Continuous SCK disabled.
1 Continuous SCK enabled.
29–28
DCONF
SPI Configuration.
Selects among the different configurations of the module.
00 SPI
01 Reserved
10 Reserved
11 Reserved
27
FRZ
Freeze
Enables transfers to be stopped on the next frame boundary when the device enters Debug mode.
0 Do not halt serial transfers in Debug mode.
1 Halt serial transfers in Debug mode.
26
MTFE
Modified Transfer Format Enable
Enables a modified transfer format to be used.
0 Modified SPI transfer format disabled.
1 Modified SPI transfer format enabled.
25
PCSSE
Peripheral Chip Select Strobe Enable
Enables the PCS5/ PCSS to operate as a PCS Strobe output signal.
0 PCS5/ PCSS is used as the Peripheral Chip Select[5] signal.
1 PCS5/ PCSS is used as an active-low PCS Strobe signal.
24
ROOE
Receive FIFO Overflow Overwrite Enable
In the RX FIFO overflow condition, configures the module to ignore the incoming serial data or overwrite
existing data. If the RX FIFO is full and new data is received, the data from the transfer, generating the
overflow, is ignored or shifted into the shift register.
0 Incoming data is ignored.
1 Incoming data is shifted into the shift register.
23–22
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
21–16
PCSIS
Peripheral Chip Select x Inactive State
Determines the inactive state of PCSx. Refer to the chip-specific SPI information for the number of PCS
signals used in this chip.
NOTE: The effect of this bit only takes place when module is enabled. Ensure that this bit is configured
correctly before enabling the SPI interface.
0 The inactive state of PCSx is low.
1 The inactive state of PCSx is high.
15
DOZE
Doze Enable
Provides support for an externally controlled Doze mode power-saving mechanism.
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SPIx_MCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Doze mode has no effect on the module.
1 Doze mode disables the module.
14
MDIS
Module Disable
Allows the clock to be stopped to the non-memory mapped logic in the module effectively putting it in a
software-controlled power-saving state. The reset value of the MDIS bit is parameterized, with a default
reset value of 1. When the module is used in Slave Mode, it is recommended to leave this bit 0, because a
slave doesn't have control over master transactions.
0 Enables the module clocks.
1 Allows external logic to disable the module clocks.
13
DIS_TXF
Disable Transmit FIFO
When the TX FIFO is disabled, the transmit part of the module operates as a simplified double-buffered
SPI. This bit can be written only when the MDIS bit is cleared.
0 TX FIFO is enabled.
1 TX FIFO is disabled.
12
DIS_RXF
Disable Receive FIFO
When the RX FIFO is disabled, the receive part of the module operates as a simplified double-buffered
SPI. This bit can only be written when the MDIS bit is cleared.
0 RX FIFO is enabled.
1 RX FIFO is disabled.
11
CLR_TXF
Clear TX FIFO
Flushes the TX FIFO. Writing a 1 to CLR_TXF clears the TX FIFO Counter. The CLR_TXF bit is always
read as zero.
0 Do not clear the TX FIFO counter.
1 Clear the TX FIFO counter.
10
CLR_RXF
CLR_RXF
Flushes the RX FIFO. Writing a 1 to CLR_RXF clears the RX Counter. The CLR_RXF bit is always read
as zero.
NOTE: After every RX FIFO clear operation (MCR [CLR_RXF] = 0b1) following a RX FIFO overflow (SR
[RFOF] = 0b1) scenario, immediately perform a single POP from the RX FIFO and discard the
read data. The POP and discard operation should be completed before the reception of new
incoming frame.
0 Do not clear the RX FIFO counter.
1 Clear the RX FIFO counter.
9–8
SMPL_PT
Sample Point
Controls when the module master samples SIN in Modified Transfer Format. This field is valid only when
CPHA bit in CTARn[CPHA] is 0.
00 0 protocol clock cycles between SCK edge and SIN sample
01 1 protocol clock cycle between SCK edge and SIN sample
10 2 protocol clock cycles between SCK edge and SIN sample
11 Reserved
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SPIx_MCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
7–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
1
Reserved
This field is reserved.
0
HALT
Halt
The HALT bit starts and stops frame transfers. See Start and Stop of Module transfers
0 Start transfers.
1 Stop transfers.
42.3.2 Transfer Count Register (SPIx_TCR)
TCR contains a counter that indicates the number of SPI transfers made. The transfer
counter is intended to assist in queue management. Do not write the TCR when the
module is in the Running state.
Address: Base address + 8h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSPI_TCNT 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_TCR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
SPI_TCNT
SPI Transfer Counter
Counts the number of SPI transfers the module makes. The SPI_TCNT field increments every time the
last bit of an SPI frame is transmitted. A value written to SPI_TCNT presets the counter to that value.
SPI_TCNT is reset to zero at the beginning of the frame when the CTCNT field is set in the executing SPI
command. The Transfer Counter wraps around; incrementing the counter past 65535 resets the counter to
zero.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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42.3.3 Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode)
(SPIx_CTARn)
CTAR registers are used to define different transfer attributes. Do not write to the CTAR
registers while the module is in the Running state.
In Master mode, the CTAR registers define combinations of transfer attributes such as
frame size, clock phase and polarity, data bit ordering, baud rate, and various delays. In
slave mode, a subset of the bitfields in CTAR0 are used to set the slave transfer attributes.
When the module is configured as a SPI master, the CTAS field in the command portion
of the TX FIFO entry selects which of the CTAR registers is used. When the module is
configured as an SPI bus slave, it uses the CTAR0 register.
Address: Base address + Ch offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 1d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
DBR FMSZ
CPOL
CPHA
LSBFE
PCSSCK PASC PDT PBR
W
Reset 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
CSSCK ASC DT BR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_CTARn field descriptions
Field Description
31
DBR
Double Baud Rate
Doubles the effective baud rate of the Serial Communications Clock (SCK). This field is used only in
master mode. It effectively halves the Baud Rate division ratio, supporting faster frequencies, and odd
division ratios for the Serial Communications Clock (SCK). When the DBR bit is set, the duty cycle of the
Serial Communications Clock (SCK) depends on the value in the Baud Rate Prescaler and the Clock
Phase bit as listed in the following table. See the BR field description for details on how to compute the
baud rate.
Table 42-2. SPI SCK Duty Cycle
DBR CPHA PBR SCK Duty Cycle
0 any any 50/50
1 0 00 50/50
1 0 01 33/66
1 0 10 40/60
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SPIx_CTARn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Table 42-2. SPI SCK Duty Cycle
(continued)
DBR CPHA PBR SCK Duty Cycle
1 0 11 43/57
1 1 00 50/50
1 1 01 66/33
1 1 10 60/40
1 1 11 57/43
0 The baud rate is computed normally with a 50/50 duty cycle.
1 The baud rate is doubled with the duty cycle depending on the Baud Rate Prescaler.
30–27
FMSZ
Frame Size
The number of bits transferred per frame is equal to the FMSZ value plus 1. Regardless of the
transmission mode, the minimum valid frame size value is 4.
26
CPOL
Clock Polarity
Selects the inactive state of the Serial Communications Clock (SCK). This bit is used in both master and
slave mode. For successful communication between serial devices, the devices must have identical clock
polarities. When the Continuous Selection Format is selected, switching between clock polarities without
stopping the module can cause errors in the transfer due to the peripheral device interpreting the switch of
clock polarity as a valid clock edge.
NOTE: In case of Continuous SCK mode, when the module goes in low power mode(disabled), inactive
state of SCK is not guaranted.
0 The inactive state value of SCK is low.
1 The inactive state value of SCK is high.
25
CPHA
Clock Phase
Selects which edge of SCK causes data to change and which edge causes data to be captured. This bit is
used in both master and slave mode. For successful communication between serial devices, the devices
must have identical clock phase settings. In Continuous SCK mode, the bit value is ignored and the
transfers are done as if the CPHA bit is set to 1.
0 Data is captured on the leading edge of SCK and changed on the following edge.
1 Data is changed on the leading edge of SCK and captured on the following edge.
24
LSBFE
LSB First
Specifies whether the LSB or MSB of the frame is transferred first.
0 Data is transferred MSB first.
1 Data is transferred LSB first.
23–22
PCSSCK
PCS to SCK Delay Prescaler
Selects the prescaler value for the delay between assertion of PCS and the first edge of the SCK. See the
CSSCK field description for information on how to compute the PCS to SCK Delay. Refer PCS to SCK
Delay (tCSC ) for more details.
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SPIx_CTARn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
00 PCS to SCK Prescaler value is 1.
01 PCS to SCK Prescaler value is 3.
10 PCS to SCK Prescaler value is 5.
11 PCS to SCK Prescaler value is 7.
21–20
PASC
After SCK Delay Prescaler
Selects the prescaler value for the delay between the last edge of SCK and the negation of PCS. See the
ASC field description for information on how to compute the After SCK Delay. Refer After SCK Delay
(tASC ) for more details.
00 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 1.
01 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 3.
10 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 5.
11 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 7.
19–18
PDT
Delay after Transfer Prescaler
Selects the prescaler value for the delay between the negation of the PCS signal at the end of a frame and
the assertion of PCS at the beginning of the next frame. The PDT field is only used in master mode. See
the DT field description for details on how to compute the Delay after Transfer. Refer Delay after Transfer
(tDT ) for more details.
00 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 1.
01 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 3.
10 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 5.
11 Delay after Transfer Prescaler value is 7.
17–16
PBR
Baud Rate Prescaler
Selects the prescaler value for the baud rate. This field is used only in master mode. The baud rate is the
frequency of the SCK. The protocol clock is divided by the prescaler value before the baud rate selection
takes place. See the BR field description for details on how to compute the baud rate.
00 Baud Rate Prescaler value is 2.
01 Baud Rate Prescaler value is 3.
10 Baud Rate Prescaler value is 5.
11 Baud Rate Prescaler value is 7.
15–12
CSSCK
PCS to SCK Delay Scaler
Selects the scaler value for the PCS to SCK delay. This field is used only in master mode. The PCS to
SCK Delay is the delay between the assertion of PCS and the first edge of the SCK. The delay is a
multiple of the protocol clock period, and it is computed according to the following equation:
t CSC = (1/fP ) x PCSSCK x CSSCK.
The following table lists the delay scaler values.
Table 42-3. Delay Scaler Encoding
Field Value Delay Scaler Value
0000 2
0001 4
0010 8
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SPIx_CTARn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Table 42-3. Delay Scaler Encoding (continued)
Field Value Delay Scaler Value
0011 16
0100 32
0101 64
0110 128
0111 256
1000 512
1001 1024
1010 2048
1011 4096
1100 8192
1101 16384
1110 32768
1111 65536
Refer PCS to SCK Delay (tCSC ) for more details.
11–8
ASC
After SCK Delay Scaler
Selects the scaler value for the After SCK Delay. This field is used only in master mode. The After SCK
Delay is the delay between the last edge of SCK and the negation of PCS. The delay is a multiple of the
protocol clock period, and it is computed according to the following equation:
t ASC = (1/fP) x PASC x ASC
See Delay Scaler Encoding table in CTARn[CSSCK] bit field description for scaler values. Refer After SCK
Delay (tASC ) for more details.
7–4
DT
Delay After Transfer Scaler
Selects the Delay after Transfer Scaler. This field is used only in master mode. The Delay after Transfer is
the time between the negation of the PCS signal at the end of a frame and the assertion of PCS at the
beginning of the next frame.
In the Continuous Serial Communications Clock operation, the DT value is fixed to one SCK clock period,
The Delay after Transfer is a multiple of the protocol clock period, and it is computed according to the
following equation:
tDT = (1/fP ) x PDT x DT
See Delay Scaler Encoding table in CTARn[CSSCK] bit field description for scaler values.
BR Baud Rate Scaler
Selects the scaler value for the baud rate. This field is used only in master mode. The prescaled protocol
clock is divided by the Baud Rate Scaler to generate the frequency of the SCK. The baud rate is computed
according to the following equation:
SCK baud rate = (fP /PBR) x [(1+DBR)/BR]
The following table lists the baud rate scaler values.
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SPIx_CTARn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Table 42-4. Baud Rate Scaler
CTARn[BR] Baud Rate Scaler Value
0000 2
0001 4
0010 6
0011 8
0100 16
0101 32
0110 64
0111 128
1000 256
1001 512
1010 1024
1011 2048
1100 4096
1101 8192
1110 16384
1111 32768
42.3.4 Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Slave Mode)
(SPIx_CTARn_SLAVE)
When the module is configured as an SPI bus slave, the CTAR0 register is used.
Address: Base address + Ch offset + (0d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
Reserved
FMSZ
CPOL
CPHA
0
Reserved
Reserved
W
Reset 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
Reserved
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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SPIx_CTARn_SLAVE field descriptions
Field Description
31
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
30–27
FMSZ
Frame Size
The number of bits transfered per frame is equal to the FMSZ field value plus 1. Note that the minimum
valid value of frame size is 4.
26
CPOL
Clock Polarity
Selects the inactive state of the Serial Communications Clock (SCK).
NOTE: In case of Continuous SCK mode, when the module goes in low power mode(disabled), inactive
state of SCK is not guaranted.
0 The inactive state value of SCK is low.
1 The inactive state value of SCK is high.
25
CPHA
Clock Phase
Selects which edge of SCK causes data to change and which edge causes data to be captured. This bit is
used in both master and slave mode. For successful communication between serial devices, the devices
must have identical clock phase settings. In Continuous SCK mode, the bit value is ignored and the
transfers are done as if the CPHA bit is set to 1.
0 Data is captured on the leading edge of SCK and changed on the following edge.
1 Data is changed on the leading edge of SCK and captured on the following edge.
24–23
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
22
Reserved
This field is reserved.
Reserved This field is reserved.
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42.3.5 Status Register (SPIx_SR)
SR contains status and flag bits. The bits reflect the status of the module and indicate the
occurrence of events that can generate interrupt or DMA requests. Software can clear flag
bits in the SR by writing a 1 to them. Writing a 0 to a flag bit has no effect. This register
may not be writable in Module Disable mode due to the use of power saving
mechanisms.
Address: Base address + 2Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RTCF
TXRXS
0
EOQF
TFUF
0
TFFF
0 0 0 0 0
RFOF
0
RFDF
0
Ww1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTXCTR TXNXTPTR RXCTR POPNXTPTR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_SR field descriptions
Field Description
31
TCF
Transfer Complete Flag
Indicates that all bits in a frame have been shifted out. TCF remains set until it is cleared by writing a 1 to
it.
0 Transfer not complete.
1 Transfer complete.
30
TXRXS
TX and RX Status
Reflects the run status of the module.
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SPIx_SR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Transmit and receive operations are disabled (The module is in Stopped state).
1 Transmit and receive operations are enabled (The module is in Running state).
29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28
EOQF
End of Queue Flag
Indicates that the last entry in a queue has been transmitted when the module is in Master mode. The
EOQF bit is set when the TX FIFO entry has the EOQ bit set in the command halfword and the end of the
transfer is reached. The EOQF bit remains set until cleared by writing a 1 to it. When the EOQF bit is set,
the TXRXS bit is automatically cleared.
0 EOQ is not set in the executing command.
1 EOQ is set in the executing SPI command.
27
TFUF
Transmit FIFO Underflow Flag
Indicates an underflow condition in the TX FIFO. The transmit underflow condition is detected only for SPI
blocks operating in Slave mode and SPI configuration. TFUF is set when the TX FIFO of the module
operating in SPI Slave mode is empty and an external SPI master initiates a transfer. The TFUF bit
remains set until cleared by writing 1 to it.
0 No TX FIFO underflow.
1 TX FIFO underflow has occurred.
26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25
TFFF
Transmit FIFO Fill Flag
Provides a method for the module to request more entries to be added to the TX FIFO. The TFFF bit is set
while the TX FIFO is not full. The TFFF bit can be cleared by writing 1 to it or by acknowledgement from
the DMA controller to the TX FIFO full request.
NOTE: The reset value of this bit is 0 when the module is disabled,(MCR[MDIS]=1).
0 TX FIFO is full.
1 TX FIFO is not full.
24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
22
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19
RFOF
Receive FIFO Overflow Flag
Indicates an overflow condition in the RX FIFO. The field is set when the RX FIFO and shift register are
full and a transfer is initiated. The bit remains set until it is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
0 No Rx FIFO overflow.
1 Rx FIFO overflow has occurred.
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SPIx_SR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
18
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
17
RFDF
Receive FIFO Drain Flag
Provides a method for the module to request that entries be removed from the RX FIFO. The bit is set
while the RX FIFO is not empty. The RFDF bit can be cleared by writing 1 to it or by acknowledgement
from the DMA controller when the RX FIFO is empty.
0 RX FIFO is empty.
1 RX FIFO is not empty.
16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15–12
TXCTR
TX FIFO Counter
Indicates the number of valid entries in the TX FIFO. The TXCTR is incremented every time the PUSHR is
written. The TXCTR is decremented every time an SPI command is executed and the SPI data is
transferred to the shift register.
11–8
TXNXTPTR
Transmit Next Pointer
Indicates which TX FIFO entry is transmitted during the next transfer. The TXNXTPTR field is updated
every time SPI data is transferred from the TX FIFO to the shift register.
7–4
RXCTR
RX FIFO Counter
Indicates the number of entries in the RX FIFO. The RXCTR is decremented every time the POPR is read.
The RXCTR is incremented every time data is transferred from the shift register to the RX FIFO.
POPNXTPTR Pop Next Pointer
Contains a pointer to the RX FIFO entry to be returned when the POPR is read. The POPNXTPTR is
updated when the POPR is read.
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42.3.6 DMA/Interrupt Request Select and Enable Register
(SPIx_RSER)
RSER controls DMA and interrupt requests. Do not write to the RSER while the module
is in the Running state.
Address: Base address + 30h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
TCF_RE
Reserved
Reserved
EOQF_RE
TFUF_RE
Reserved
TFFF_RE
TFFF_DIRS
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
RFOF_RE
Reserved
RFDF_RE
RFDF_DIRS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
Reserved
Reserved
0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_RSER field descriptions
Field Description
31
TCF_RE
Transmission Complete Request Enable
Enables TCF flag in the SR to generate an interrupt request.
0 TCF interrupt requests are disabled.
1 TCF interrupt requests are enabled.
30
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
29
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
28
EOQF_RE
Finished Request Enable
Enables the EOQF flag in the SR to generate an interrupt request.
0 EOQF interrupt requests are disabled.
1 EOQF interrupt requests are enabled.
27
TFUF_RE
Transmit FIFO Underflow Request Enable
Enables the TFUF flag in the SR to generate an interrupt request.
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SPIx_RSER field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 TFUF interrupt requests are disabled.
1 TFUF interrupt requests are enabled.
26
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
25
TFFF_RE
Transmit FIFO Fill Request Enable
Enables the TFFF flag in the SR to generate a request. The TFFF_DIRS bit selects between generating
an interrupt request or a DMA request.
0 TFFF interrupts or DMA requests are disabled.
1 TFFF interrupts or DMA requests are enabled.
24
TFFF_DIRS
Transmit FIFO Fill DMA or Interrupt Request Select
Selects between generating a DMA request or an interrupt request. When SR[TFFF] and
RSER[TFFF_RE] are set, this field selects between generating an interrupt request or a DMA request.
0 TFFF flag generates interrupt requests.
1 TFFF flag generates DMA requests.
23
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
22
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
21
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
20
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
19
RFOF_RE
Receive FIFO Overflow Request Enable
Enables the RFOF flag in the SR to generate an interrupt request.
0 RFOF interrupt requests are disabled.
1 RFOF interrupt requests are enabled.
18
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
17
RFDF_RE
Receive FIFO Drain Request Enable
Enables the RFDF flag in the SR to generate a request. The RFDF_DIRS bit selects between generating
an interrupt request or a DMA request.
0 RFDF interrupt or DMA requests are disabled.
1 RFDF interrupt or DMA requests are enabled.
16
RFDF_DIRS
Receive FIFO Drain DMA or Interrupt Request Select
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SPIx_RSER field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Selects between generating a DMA request or an interrupt request. When the RFDF flag bit in the SR is
set, and the RFDF_RE bit in the RSER is set, the RFDF_DIRS bit selects between generating an interrupt
request or a DMA request.
0 Interrupt request.
1 DMA request.
15
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
14
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
42.3.7 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Master Mode (SPIx_PUSHR)
Specifies data to be transferred to the TX FIFO. An 8- or 16-bit write access transfers all
32 bits to the TX FIFO. In Master mode, the register transfers 16 bits of data and 16 bits
of command information. A read access of PUSHR returns the topmost TX FIFO entry.
When the module is disabled, writing to this register does not update the FIFO.
Therefore, any reads performed while the module is disabled return the last PUSHR write
performed while the module was still enabled.
Address: Base address + 34h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
CONT
CTAS EOQ
CTCNT
Reserved Reserved PCS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
TXDATA
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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SPIx_PUSHR field descriptions
Field Description
31
CONT
Continuous Peripheral Chip Select Enable
Selects a continuous selection format. The bit is used in SPI Master mode. The bit enables the selected
PCS signals to remain asserted between transfers.
0 Return PCSn signals to their inactive state between transfers.
1 Keep PCSn signals asserted between transfers.
30–28
CTAS
Clock and Transfer Attributes Select
Selects which CTAR to use in master mode to specify the transfer attributes for the associated SPI frame.
In SPI Slave mode, CTAR0 is used.See the chip specific section for details to determine how many
CTARs this device has. You should not program a value in this field for a register that is not present.
000 CTAR0
001 CTAR1
010 Reserved
011 Reserved
100 Reserved
101 Reserved
110 Reserved
111 Reserved
27
EOQ
End Of Queue
Host software uses this bit to signal to the module that the current SPI transfer is the last in a queue. At
the end of the transfer, the EOQF bit in the SR is set.
0 The SPI data is not the last data to transfer.
1 The SPI data is the last data to transfer.
26
CTCNT
Clear Transfer Counter
Clears the TCNT field in the TCR register. The TCNT field is cleared before the module starts transmitting
the current SPI frame.
0 Do not clear the TCR[TCNT] field.
1 Clear the TCR[TCNT] field.
25–24
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
23–22
Reserved
Always write the reset value to this field.
This field is reserved.
21–16
PCS
Select which PCS signals are to be asserted for the transfer. Refer to the chip-specific SPI information for
the number of PCS signals used in this chip.
0 Negate the PCS[x] signal.
1 Assert the PCS[x] signal.
TXDATA Transmit Data
Holds SPI data to be transferred according to the associated SPI command.
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42.3.8 PUSH TX FIFO Register In Slave Mode (SPIx_PUSHR_SLAVE)
Specifies data to be transferred to the TX FIFO in slave mode. An 8- or 16-bit write
access to PUSHR transfers the 16-bit TXDATA field to the TX FIFO.
Address: Base address + 34h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RReserved TXDATA
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_PUSHR_SLAVE field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
TXDATA Transmit Data
Holds SPI data to be transferred according to the associated SPI command.
42.3.9 POP RX FIFO Register (SPIx_POPR)
POPR is used to read the RX FIFO. Eight- or sixteen-bit read accesses to the POPR have
the same effect on the RX FIFO as 32-bit read accesses. A write to this register will
generate a Transfer Error.
Address: Base address + 38h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RRXDATA
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_POPR field descriptions
Field Description
RXDATA Received Data
Contains the SPI data from the RX FIFO entry to which the Pop Next Data Pointer points.
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42.3.10 Transmit FIFO Registers (SPIx_TXFRn)
TXFRn registers provide visibility into the TX FIFO for debugging purposes. Each
register is an entry in the TX FIFO. The registers are read-only and cannot be modified.
Reading the TXFRx registers does not alter the state of the TX FIFO.
Address: Base address + 3Ch offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTXCMD_TXDATA TXDATA
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_TXFRn field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
TXCMD_
TXDATA
Transmit Command or Transmit Data
In Master mode the TXCMD field contains the command that sets the transfer attributes for the SPI data.
In Slave mode, this field is reserved.
TXDATA Transmit Data
Contains the SPI data to be shifted out.
42.3.11 Receive FIFO Registers (SPIx_RXFRn)
RXFRn provide visibility into the RX FIFO for debugging purposes. Each register is an
entry in the RX FIFO. The RXFR registers are read-only. Reading the RXFRx registers
does not alter the state of the RX FIFO.
Address: Base address + 7Ch offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 3d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RRXDATA
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SPIx_RXFRn field descriptions
Field Description
RXDATA Receive Data
Contains the received SPI data.
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SPIx_RXFRn field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
42.4 Functional description
The module supports full-duplex, synchronous serial communications between chips and
peripheral devices. The SPI configuration transfers data serially using a shift register and
a selection of programmable transfer attributes.
The module has the following configuration
• The SPI Configuration in which the module operates as a basic SPI or a queued SPI.
The DCONF field in the Module Configuration Register (MCR) determines the module
Configuration. SPI configuration is selected when DCONF within SPIx_MCR is 0b00.
The CTARn registers hold clock and transfer attributes. The SPI configuration allows to
select which CTAR to use on a frame by frame basis by setting a field in the SPI
command.
See Clock and Transfer Attributes Register (In Master Mode) (SPI_CTARn) for
information on the fields of CTAR registers.
Typical master to slave connections are shown in the following figure. When a data
transfer operation is performed, data is serially shifted a predetermined number of bit
positions. Because the modules are linked, data is exchanged between the master and the
slave. The data that was in the master shift register is now in the shift register of the
slave, and vice versa. At the end of a transfer, the Transfer Control Flag(TCF) bit in the
Shift Register(SR) is set to indicate a completed frame transfer.
Shift Register
Baud Rate
Generator
Shift Register
SOUT
SCK
PCSx
SPI SlaveSPI Master
SIN
SOUT
SIN
SS
SCK
Figure 42-3. Serial protocol overview
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Generally, more than one slave device can be connected to the module master. 6
Peripheral Chip Select (PCS) signals of the module masters can be used to select which
of the slaves to communicate with. Refer to the chip specific section for details on the
number of PCS signals used in this chip.
The SPI configuration shares transfer protocol and timing properties which are described
independently of the configuration in Transfer formats. The transfer rate and delay
settings are described in Module baud rate and clock delay generation.
42.4.1 Start and Stop of module transfers
The module has two operating states: Stopped and Running. Both the states are
independent of it's configuration. The default state of the module is Stopped. In the
Stopped state, no serial transfers are initiated in Master mode and no transfers are
responded to in Slave mode. The Stopped state is also a safe state for writing the various
configuration registers of the module without causing undetermined results. In the
Running state serial transfers take place.
The TXRXS bit in the SR indicates the state of module. The bit is set if the module is in
Running state.
The module starts or transitions to Running when all of the following conditions are true:
• SR[EOQF] bit is clear
• Chip is not in the Debug mode or the MCR[FRZ] bit is clear
• MCR[HALT] bit is clear
The module stops or transitions from Running to Stopped after the current frame when
any one of the following conditions exist:
• SR[EOQF] bit is set
• Chip in the Debug mode and the MCR[FRZ] bit is set
• MCR[HALT] bit is set
State transitions from Running to Stopped occur on the next frame boundary if a transfer
is in progress, or immediately if no transfers are in progress.
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42.4.2 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) configuration
The SPI configuration transfers data serially using a shift register and a selection of
programmable transfer attributes. The module is in SPI configuration when the DCONF
field in the MCR is 0b00. The SPI frames can be 32 bits long. The host CPU or a DMA
controller transfers the SPI data from the external to the module RAM queues to a TX
FIFO buffer. The received data is stored in entries in the RX FIFO buffer. The host CPU
or the DMA controller transfers the received data from the RX FIFO to memory external
to the module. The operation of FIFO buffers is described in the following sections:
•Transmit First In First Out (TX FIFO) buffering mechanism
•Transmit First In First Out (TX FIFO) buffering mechanism
•Receive First In First Out (RX FIFO) buffering mechanism
The interrupt and DMA request conditions are described in Interrupts/DMA requests.
The SPI configuration supports two block-specific modes—Master mode and Slave
mode.In Master mode the module initiates and controls the transfer according to the
fields of the executing SPI Command. In Slave mode, the module responds only to
transfers initiated by a bus master external to it and the SPI command field space is
reserved.
42.4.2.1 Master mode
In SPI Master mode, the module initiates the serial transfers by controlling the SCK and
the PCS signals. The executing SPI Command determines which CTARs will be used to
set the transfer attributes and which PCS signals to assert. The command field also
contains various bits that help with queue management and transfer protocol. See PUSH
TX FIFO Register In Master Mode (SPI_PUSHR) for details on the SPI command fields.
The data in the executing TX FIFO entry is loaded into the shift register and shifted out
on the Serial Out (SOUT) pin. In SPI Master mode, each SPI frame to be transmitted has
a command associated with it, allowing for transfer attribute control on a frame by frame
basis.
42.4.2.2 Slave mode
In SPI Slave mode the module responds to transfers initiated by an SPI bus master. It
does not initiate transfers. Certain transfer attributes such as clock polarity, clock phase,
and frame size must be set for successful communication with an SPI master. The SPI
Slave mode transfer attributes are set in the CTAR0. The data is shifted out with MSB
first. Shifting out of LSB is not supported in this mode.
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42.4.2.3 FIFO disable operation
The FIFO disable mechanisms allow SPI transfers without using the TX FIFO or RX
FIFO. The module operates as a double-buffered simplified SPI when the FIFOs are
disabled. The Transmit and Receive side of the FIFOs are disabled separately. Setting the
MCR[DIS_TXF] bit disables the TX FIFO, and setting the MCR[DIS_RXF] bit disables
the RX FIFO.
The FIFO disable mechanisms are transparent to the user and to host software. Transmit
data and commands are written to the PUSHR and received data is read from the POPR.
When the TX FIFO is disabled:
• SR[TFFF], SR[TFUF] and SR[TXCTR] behave as if there is a one-entry FIFO
• The contents of TXFRs, SR[TXNXTPTR] are undefined
Similarly, when the RX FIFO is disabled, the RFDF, RFOF, and RXCTR fields in the SR
behave as if there is a one-entry FIFO, but the contents of the RXFR registers and
POPNXTPTR are undefined.
42.4.2.4 Transmit First In First Out (TX FIFO) buffering mechanism
The TX FIFO functions as a buffer of SPI data for transmission. The TX FIFO holds 4
words, each consisting of SPI data. The number of entries in the TX FIFO is device-
specific. SPI data is added to the TX FIFO by writing to the Data Field of module PUSH
FIFO Register (PUSHR). TX FIFO entries can only be removed from the TX FIFO by
being shifted out or by flushing the TX FIFO.
The TX FIFO Counter field (TXCTR) in the module Status Register (SR) indicates the
number of valid entries in the TX FIFO. The TXCTR is updated every time a 8- or 16-bit
write takes place to PUSHR[TXDATA] or SPI data is transferred into the shift register
from the TX FIFO.
The TXNXTPTR field indicates the TX FIFO Entry that will be transmitted during the
next transfer. The TXNXTPTR field is incremented every time SPI data is transferred
from the TX FIFO to the shift register. The maximum value of the field is equal to the
maximum implemented TXFR number and it rolls over after reaching the maximum.
42.4.2.4.1 Filling the TX FIFO
Host software or other intelligent blocks can add (push) entries to the TX FIFO by
writing to the PUSHR. When the TX FIFO is not full, the TX FIFO Fill Flag (TFFF) in
the SR is set. The TFFF bit is cleared when TX FIFO is full and the DMA controller
Functional description
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indicates that a write to PUSHR is complete. Writing a '1' to the TFFF bit also clears it.
The TFFF can generate a DMA request or an interrupt request. See Transmit FIFO Fill
Interrupt or DMA Request for details.
The module ignores attempts to push data to a full TX FIFO, and the state of the TX
FIFO does not change and no error condition is indicated.
42.4.2.4.2 Draining the TX FIFO
The TX FIFO entries are removed (drained) by shifting SPI data out through the shift
register. Entries are transferred from the TX FIFO to the shift register and shifted out as
long as there are valid entries in the TX FIFO. Every time an entry is transferred from the
TX FIFO to the shift register, the TX FIFO Counter decrements by one. At the end of a
transfer, the TCF bit in the SR is set to indicate the completion of a transfer. The TX
FIFO is flushed by writing a '1' to the CLR_TXF bit in MCR.
If an external bus master initiates a transfer with a module slave while the slave's TX
FIFO is empty, the Transmit FIFO Underflow Flag (TFUF) in the slave's SR is set. See
Transmit FIFO Underflow Interrupt Request for details.
42.4.2.5 Receive First In First Out (RX FIFO) buffering mechanism
The RX FIFO functions as a buffer for data received on the SIN pin. The RX FIFO holds
4 received SPI data frames. The number of entries in the RX FIFO is device-specific. SPI
data is added to the RX FIFO at the completion of a transfer when the received data in the
shift register is transferred into the RX FIFO. SPI data are removed (popped) from the
RX FIFO by reading the module POP RX FIFO Register (POPR). RX FIFO entries can
only be removed from the RX FIFO by reading the POPR or by flushing the RX FIFO.
The RX FIFO Counter field (RXCTR) in the module's Status Register (SR) indicates the
number of valid entries in the RX FIFO. The RXCTR is updated every time the POPR is
read or SPI data is copied from the shift register to the RX FIFO.
The POPNXTPTR field in the SR points to the RX FIFO entry that is returned when the
POPR is read. The POPNXTPTR contains the positive offset from RXFR0 in a number
of 32-bit registers. For example, POPNXTPTR equal to two means that the RXFR2
contains the received SPI data that will be returned when the POPR is read. The
POPNXTPTR field is incremented every time the POPR is read. The maximum value of
the field is equal to the maximum implemented RXFR number and it rolls over after
reaching the maximum.
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42.4.2.5.1 Filling the RX FIFO
The RX FIFO is filled with the received SPI data from the shift register. While the RX
FIFO is not full, SPI frames from the shift register are transferred to the RX FIFO. Every
time an SPI frame is transferred to the RX FIFO, the RX FIFO Counter is incremented by
one.
If the RX FIFO and shift register are full and a transfer is initiated, the RFOF bit in the
SR is set indicating an overflow condition. Depending on the state of the ROOE bit in the
MCR, the data from the transfer that generated the overflow is either ignored or shifted in
to the shift register. If the ROOE bit is set, the incoming data is shifted in to the shift
register. If the ROOE bit is cleared, the incoming data is ignored.
42.4.2.5.2 Draining the RX FIFO
Host CPU or a DMA can remove (pop) entries from the RX FIFO by reading the module
POP RX FIFO Register (POPR). A read of the POPR decrements the RX FIFO Counter
by one. Attempts to pop data from an empty RX FIFO are ignored and the RX FIFO
Counter remains unchanged. The data, read from the empty RX FIFO, is undetermined.
When the RX FIFO is not empty, the RX FIFO Drain Flag (RFDF) in the SR is set. The
RFDF bit is cleared when the RX_FIFO is empty and the DMA controller indicates that a
read from POPR is complete or by writing a 1 to it.
42.4.3 Module baud rate and clock delay generation
The SCK frequency and the delay values for serial transfer are generated by dividing the
system clock frequency by a prescaler and a scaler with the option for doubling the baud
rate. The following figure shows conceptually how the SCK signal is generated.
System Clock
Prescaler
1
Scaler
1+DBR
SCK
Figure 42-4. Communications clock prescalers and scalers
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42.4.3.1 Baud rate generator
The baud rate is the frequency of the SCK. The protocol clock is divided by a prescaler
(PBR) and scaler (BR) to produce SCK with the possibility of halving the scaler division.
The DBR, PBR, and BR fields in the CTARs select the frequency of SCK by the formula
in the BR field description. The following table shows an example of how to compute the
baud rate.
Table 42-5. Baud rate computation example
fPPBR Prescaler BR Scaler DBR Baud rate
100 MHz 0b00 2 0b0000 2 0 25 Mb/s
20 MHz 0b00 2 0b0000 2 1 10 Mb/s
NOTE
The clock frequencies mentioned in the preceding table are
given as an example. Refer to the clocking chapter for the
frequency used to drive this module in the device.
42.4.3.2 PCS to SCK Delay (tCSC)
The PCS to SCK delay is the length of time from assertion of the PCS signal to the first
SCK edge. See Figure 42-6 for an illustration of the PCS to SCK delay. The PCSSCK
and CSSCK fields in the CTARx registers select the PCS to SCK delay by the formula in
the CSSCK field description. The following table shows an example of how to compute
the PCS to SCK delay.
Table 42-6. PCS to SCK delay computation example
fSYS PCSSCK Prescaler CSSCK Scaler PCS to SCK Delay
100 MHz 0b01 3 0b0100 32 0.96 μs
NOTE
The clock frequency mentioned in the preceding table is given
as an example. Refer to the clocking chapter for the frequency
used to drive this module in the device.
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42.4.3.3 After SCK Delay (tASC)
The After SCK Delay is the length of time between the last edge of SCK and the negation
of PCS. See Figure 42-6 and Figure 42-7 for illustrations of the After SCK delay. The
PASC and ASC fields in the CTARx registers select the After SCK Delay by the formula
in the ASC field description. The following table shows an example of how to compute
the After SCK delay.
Table 42-7. After SCK Delay computation example
fPPASC Prescaler ASC Scaler After SCK Delay
100 MHz 0b01 3 0b0100 32 0.96 μs
NOTE
The clock frequency mentioned in the preceding table is given
as an example. Refer to the clocking chapter for the frequency
used to drive this module in the device.
42.4.3.4 Delay after Transfer (tDT)
The Delay after Transfer is the minimum time between negation of the PCS signal for a
frame and the assertion of the PCS signal for the next frame. See Figure 42-6 for an
illustration of the Delay after Transfer. The PDT and DT fields in the CTARx registers
select the Delay after Transfer by the formula in the DT field description. The following
table shows an example of how to compute the Delay after Transfer.
Table 42-8. Delay after Transfer computation example
fPPDT Prescaler DT Scaler Delay after Transfer
100 MHz 0b01 3 0b1110 32768 0.98 ms
NOTE
The clock frequency mentioned in the preceding table is given
as an example. Refer to the clocking chapter for the frequency
used to drive this module in the device.
When in Non-Continuous Clock mode the tDT delay is configured according to the
equation specified in the CTAR[DT] field description. When in Continuous Clock mode,
the delay is fixed at 1 SCK period.
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42.4.3.5 Peripheral Chip Select Strobe Enable (PCSS )
The PCSS signal provides a delay to allow the PCS signals to settle after a transition
occurs thereby avoiding glitches. When the Module is in Master mode and the PCSSE bit
is set in the MCR, PCSS provides a signal for an external demultiplexer to decode
peripheral chip selects other than PCS5 into glitch-free PCS signals. The following figure
shows the timing of the PCSS signal relative to PCS signals.
tPCSSCK
PCSS
PCSx
tPASC
Figure 42-5. Peripheral Chip Select Strobe timing
The delay between the assertion of the PCS signals and the assertion of PCSS is selected
by the PCSSCK field in the CTAR based on the following formula:
P
At the end of the transfer, the delay between PCSS negation and PCS negation is selected
by the PASC field in the CTAR based on the following formula:
P
The following table shows an example of how to compute the tpcssck delay.
Table 42-9. Peripheral Chip Select Strobe Assert computation example
fPPCSSCK Prescaler Delay before Transfer
100 MHz 0b11 7 70.0 ns
The following table shows an example of how to compute the tpasc delay.
Table 42-10. Peripheral Chip Select Strobe Negate computation example
fPPASC Prescaler Delay after Transfer
100 MHz 0b11 7 70.0 ns
The PCSS signal is not supported when Continuous Serial Communication SCK mode is
enabled.
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NOTE
The clock frequency mentioned in the preceding tables is given
as an example. Refer to the clocking chapter for the frequency
used to drive this module in the device.
42.4.4 Transfer formats
The SPI serial communication is controlled by the Serial Communications Clock (SCK)
signal and the PCS signals. The SCK signal provided by the master device synchronizes
shifting and sampling of the data on the SIN and SOUT pins. The PCS signals serve as
enable signals for the slave devices.
In Master mode, the CPOL and CPHA bits in the Clock and Transfer Attributes Registers
(CTARn) select the polarity and phase of the serial clock, SCK.
• CPOL - Selects the idle state polarity of the SCK
• CPHA - Selects if the data on SOUT is valid before or on the first SCK edge
Even though the bus slave does not control the SCK signal, in Slave mode the values of
CPOL and CPHA must be identical to the master device settings to ensure proper
transmission. In SPI Slave mode, only CTAR0 is used.
The module supports four different transfer formats:
• Classic SPI with CPHA=0
• Classic SPI with CPHA=1
• Modified Transfer Format with CPHA = 0
• Modified Transfer Format with CPHA = 1
A modified transfer format is supported to allow for high-speed communication with
peripherals that require longer setup times. The module can sample the incoming data
later than halfway through the cycle to give the peripheral more setup time. The MTFE
bit in the MCR selects between Classic SPI Format and Modified Transfer Format.
In the interface configurations, the module provides the option of keeping the PCS
signals asserted between frames. See Continuous Selection Format for details.
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42.4.4.1 Classic SPI Transfer Format (CPHA = 0)
The transfer format shown in following figure is used to communicate with peripheral
SPI slave devices where the first data bit is available on the first clock edge. In this
format, the master and slave sample their SIN pins on the odd-numbered SCK edges and
change the data on their SOUT pins on the even-numbered SCK edges.
tASC = After SCK delay
tCSC = PCS to SCK delay
MSB first (LSBFE = 0): MSB
MSB first (LSBFE = 1): LSB
tDT = Delay after Transfer (Minimum CS idle time)
tCSC
Bit 6
Bit 1 Bit 5
Bit 2 Bit 4
Bit 3 Bit 3
Bit 4 Bit 2
Bit 5 Bit 1
Bit 6 LSB
MSB
tCSC
tDT
tASC
PCSx/SS
Slave SOUT
Master SIN/
Master SOUT/
Slave SIN
Master and Slave
Sample
SCK (CPOL = 1)
SCK (CPOL = 0)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
11
12
13
14 15
16
Figure 42-6. Module transfer timing diagram (MTFE=0, CPHA=0, FMSZ=8)
The master initiates the transfer by placing its first data bit on the SOUT pin and asserting
the appropriate peripheral chip select signals to the slave device. The slave responds by
placing its first data bit on its SOUT pin. After the tCSC delay elapses, the master outputs
the first edge of SCK. The master and slave devices use this edge to sample the first input
data bit on their serial data input signals. At the second edge of the SCK, the master and
slave devices place their second data bit on their serial data output signals. For the rest of
the frame the master and the slave sample their SIN pins on the odd-numbered clock
edges and changes the data on their SOUT pins on the even-numbered clock edges. After
the last clock edge occurs, a delay of tASC is inserted before the master negates the PCS
signals. A delay of tDT is inserted before a new frame transfer can be initiated by the
master.
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42.4.4.2 Classic SPI Transfer Format (CPHA = 1)
This transfer format shown in the following figure is used to communicate with
peripheral SPI slave devices that require the first SCK edge before the first data bit
becomes available on the slave SOUT pin. In this format, the master and slave devices
change the data on their SOUT pins on the odd-numbered SCK edges and sample the
data on their SIN pins on the even-numbered SCK edges.
tASC = After SCK delay
tCSC = PCS to SCK delay
MSB first (LSBFE = 0): MSB
tDT = Delay after Transfer (minimum CS negation time)
tCSC
Bit 1 MSB
tDT
tASC
PCSx/SS
Slave SOUT
Master SIN/
Master SOUT/
Slave SIN
Master and Slave
Sample
SCK (CPOL = 0)
123 4 5678910
11
12
13
14 15
16
SCK (CPOL = 1)
Bit 6 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 LSB
Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1
LSB first (LSBFE = 1): LSB
Figure 42-7. Module transfer timing diagram (MTFE=0, CPHA=1, FMSZ=8)
The master initiates the transfer by asserting the PCS signal to the slave. After the tCSC
delay has elapsed, the master generates the first SCK edge and at the same time places
valid data on the master SOUT pin. The slave responds to the first SCK edge by placing
its first data bit on its slave SOUT pin.
At the second edge of the SCK the master and slave sample their SIN pins. For the rest of
the frame the master and the slave change the data on their SOUT pins on the odd-
numbered clock edges and sample their SIN pins on the even-numbered clock edges.
After the last clock edge occurs, a delay of tASC is inserted before the master negates the
PCS signal. A delay of tDT is inserted before a new frame transfer can be initiated by the
master.
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42.4.4.3 Modified SPI Transfer Format (MTFE = 1, CPHA = 0)
In this Modified Transfer Format both the master and the slave sample later in the SCK
period than in Classic SPI mode to allow the logic to tolerate more delays in device pads
and board traces. These delays become a more significant fraction of the SCK period as
the SCK period decreases with increasing baud rates.
The master and the slave place data on the SOUT pins at the assertion of the PCS signal.
After the PCS to SCK delay has elapsed the first SCK edge is generated. The slave
samples the master SOUT signal on every odd numbered SCK edge. The DSPI in the
slave mode when the MTFE bit is set also places new data on the slave SOUT on every
odd numbered clock edge. Regular external slave, configured with CPHA=0 format
drives its SOUT output at every even numbered SCK clock edge.
The DSPI master places its second data bit on the SOUT line one protocol clock after odd
numbered SCK edge if the protocol clock frequency to SCK frequency ratio is higher
than three. If this ratio is below four the master changes SOUT at odd numbered SCK
edge. The point where the master samples the SIN is selected by the
DSPI_MCR[SMPL_PT] field. The master sample point can be delayed by one or two
protocol clock cycles. The SMPL_PT field should be set to 0 if the protocol to SCK
frequency ratio is less than 4. However if this ratio is less than 4, the actual sample point
is delayed by one protocol clock cycle automatically by the design.
The following timing diagrams illustrate the DSPI operation with MTFE=1. Timing
delays shown are:
•Tcsc - PCS to SCK assertion delay
•Tacs - After SCK PCS negation delay
•Tsu_ms - master SIN setup time
•Thd_ms - master SIN hold time
•Tvd_sl - slave data output valid time, time between slave data output SCK driving
edge and data becomes valid.
•Tsu_sl - data setup time on slave data input
•Thd_sl - data hold time on slave data input
•Tsys - protocol clock period.
The following figure shows the modified transfer format for CPHA = 0 and Fsys/Fsck =
4. Only the condition where CPOL = 0 is illustrated. Solid triangles show the data
sampling clock edges. The two possible slave behavior are shown.
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• Signal, marked "SOUT of Ext Slave", presents regular SPI slave serial output.
• Signal, marked "SOUT of DSPI Slave", presents DSPI in the slave mode with MTFE
bit set.
Other MTFE = 1 diagrams show DSPI SIN input as being driven by a regular external
SPI slave, configured according DSPI master CPHA programming.
Note
In the following diagrams, fsys represents the protocol clock
frequency from which the Baud frequency fsck is derived.
2n+2
DSPI samples SIN, SMPL_PT=0
D0 D1 D2 Dn
D0 D1 D2 Dn
D0 D1 D2 Dn
sys clk
PCS
SCK
SOUT
D1
D0 D2 Dn
Tcsc
Tvd_sl
Tsu_ms
Thd_ms
Tasc
Slave samples SOUT
Thd_sl
Tsu_sl
2n+1
6
5
4
3
2
1
Dn
D2
D1
D0
Dn
D2
D1
D0
Tvd_sl
Tsys
SMPL_PT=1
SMPL_PT=2
SOUT of DSPI Slave
SOUT of Ext Slave
Figure 42-8. DSPI Modified Transfer Format (MTFE=1, CPHA=0, fsck = fsys/4)
Functional description
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sys clk
PCS
SIN
SOUT
SCK
DSPI samples SIN
Tvd_sl
Thd_ms
Tasc
Tcsc
Slave samples SOUT
D0
D1
D2
Dn
Tsu_sl Thd_sl
D0
D1
D2
Tsu_ms
Dn
Figure 42-9. DSPI Modified Transfer Format (MTFE=1, CPHA=0, fsck = fsys/2)
Figure 42-10. DSPI Modified Transfer Format (MTFE=1, CPHA=0, fsck = fsys/3)
42.4.4.4 Modified SPI Transfer Format (MTFE = 1, CPHA = 1)
The following figures show the Modified Transfer Format for CPHA = 1. Only the
condition, where CPOL = 0 is shown. At the start of a transfer the DSPI asserts the PCS
signal to the slave device. After the PCS to SCK delay has elapsed the master and the
slave put data on their SOUT pins at the first edge of SCK . The slave samples the master
SOUT signal on the even numbered edges of SCK. The master samples the slave SOUT
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signal on the odd numbered SCK edges starting with the third SCK edge. The slave
samples the last bit on the last edge of the SCK. The master samples the last slave SOUT
bit one half SCK cycle after the last edge of SCK. No clock edge will be visible on the
master SCK pin during the sampling of the last bit. The SCK to PCS delay and the
After SCK delay must be greater or equal to half of the SCK period.
NOTE
When MTFE=1 with continuous SCK enabled (MCR
[CONT_SCKE] =1) in master mode, configure
CTAR[LSBFE]=0 for correct operations while receiving
unequal length frames. If PUSHR[CONT] is also set for back to
back frame transfer, also configure the frame size of the first
frame as less than or equal to the frame size of the next frame.
In this scenario, make sure that for all received frames, the bits
are read equal to their respective frame sizes and any extra bits
during POP operation are masked.
sys clk
PCS
SIN
SCK
SOUT D1D0 D2 Dn
D0 D1 D2 Dn
Tcsc
Tvd_sl
Tsu_ms
Thd_ms
Tasc
Slave samples SOUT
Thd_sl
Tsu_sl
2n+2
2n+1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
DSPI samples SIN
Figure 42-11. DSPI Modified Transfer Format (MTFE=1, CPHA=1, fsck = fsys/2)
Functional description
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sys clk
PCS
SIN
SCK
SOUT
D0 Dn
D0 D1 D2 Dn
Tcsc
Tvd_sl
Tsu_ms
Thd_ms
Tasc
Slave samples SOUT
Thd_sl
Tsu_sl
DSPI samples SIN
D1 D2
Figure 42-12. DSPI Modified Transfer Format (MTFE=1, CPHA=1, fsck = fsys/3)
DSPI samples SIN
sys clk
PCS
SIN
SCK
SOUT
Tvd_sl
D0 D1 D2 Dn
Tsu_ms Thd_ms
Tasc
Tcsc Slave samoles SOUD
D2D1D0 Dn
Tsu_sl Thd_sl
Figure 42-13. DSPI Modified Transfer Format (MTFE=1, CPHA=1, fsck = fsys/4)
42.4.4.5 Continuous Selection Format
Some peripherals must be deselected between every transfer. Other peripherals must
remain selected between several sequential serial transfers. The Continuous Selection
Format provides the flexibility to handle the following case. The Continuous Selection
Format is enabled for the SPI configuration by setting the CONT bit in the SPI command.
When the CONT bit = 0, the module drives the asserted Chip Select signals to their idle
states in between frames. The idle states of the Chip Select signals are selected by the
PCSISn bits in the MCR. The following timing diagram is for two four-bit transfers with
CPHA = 1 and CONT = 0.
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PCSx
SCK
Master SIN
tCSC = PCS to SCK dela
t ASC = After SCK delay
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
Master SOUT
tDT = Delay after Transfer (minimum CS negation time)
tCSC t ASC tCSC
tDT
Figure 42-14. Example of non-continuous format (CPHA=1, CONT=0)
When the CONT bit = 1, the PCS signal remains asserted for the duration of the two
transfers. The Delay between Transfers (tDT) is not inserted between the transfers. The
following figure shows the timing diagram for two four-bit transfers with CPHA = 1 and
CONT = 1.
PCS
Master SIN
tCSC = PCS to SCK del ay
t ASC = After SCK delay
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
Master SOUT
tCSC
t ASC
tCSC
Figure 42-15. Example of continuous transfer (CPHA=1, CONT=1)
When using the module with continuous selection follow these rules:
• All transmit commands must have the same PCSn bits programming.
• The CTARs, selected by transmit commands, must be programmed with the same
transfer attributes. Only FMSZ field can be programmed differently in these CTARs.
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• When transmitting multiple frames in this mode, the user software must ensure that
the last frame has the PUSHR[CONT] bit deasserted in Master mode and the user
software must provide sufficient frames in the TX_FIFO to be sent out in Slave mode
and the master deasserts the PCSn at end of transmission of the last frame.
• PUSHR[CONT] must be deasserted before asserting MCR[HALT] in master mode.
This will make sure that the PCSn signals are deasserted. Asserting MCR[HALT]
during continuous transfer will cause the PCSn signals to remain asserted and hence
Slave Device cannot transition from Running to Stopped state.
NOTE
User must fill the TX FIFO with the number of entries that will
be concatenated together under one PCS assertion for both
master and slave before the TX FIFO becomes empty.
When operating in Slave mode, ensure that when the last entry
in the TX FIFO is completely transmitted, that is, the
corresponding TCF flag is asserted and TXFIFO is empty, the
slave is deselected for any further serial communication;
otherwise, an underflow error occurs.
42.4.5 Continuous Serial Communications Clock
The module provides the option of generating a Continuous SCK signal for slave
peripherals that require a continuous clock.
Continuous SCK is enabled by setting the CONT_SCKE bit in the MCR. Enabling this
bit generates the Continuous SCK only if MCR[HALT] bit is low. Continuous SCK is
valid in all configurations.
Continuous SCK is only supported for CPHA=1. Clearing CPHA is ignored if the
CONT_SCKE bit is set. Continuous SCK is supported for Modified Transfer Format.
Clock and transfer attributes for the Continuous SCK mode are set according to the
following rules:
• When the module is in SPI configuration, CTAR0 is used initially. At the start of
each SPI frame transfer, the CTAR specified by the CTAS for the frame is used.
• In all configurations, the currently selected CTAR remains in use until the start of a
frame with a different CTAR specified, or the Continuous SCK mode is terminated.
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It is recommended to keep the baud rate the same while using the Continuous SCK.
Switching clock polarity between frames while using Continuous SCK can cause errors
in the transfer. Continuous SCK operation is not guaranteed if the module is put into the
External Stop mode or Module Disable mode.
Enabling Continuous SCK disables the PCS to SCK delay and the Delay after Transfer
(tDT) is fixed to one SCK cycle. The following figure is the timing diagram for
Continuous SCK format with Continuous Selection disabled.
NOTE
In Continuous SCK mode, for the SPI transfer CTAR0 should
always be used, and the TX FIFO must be cleared using the
MCR[CLR_TXF] field before initiating transfer.
PCS
Master SIN
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
Master SOUT
tDT
Figure 42-16. Continuous SCK Timing Diagram (CONT=0)
If the CONT bit in the TX FIFO entry is set, PCS remains asserted between the transfers.
Under certain conditions, SCK can continue with PCS asserted, but with no data being
shifted out of SOUT, that is, SOUT pulled high. This can cause the slave to receive
incorrect data. Those conditions include:
• Continuous SCK with CONT bit set, but no data in the TX FIFO.
• Continuous SCK with CONT bit set and entering Stopped state (refer to Start and
Stop of module transfers).
• Continuous SCK with CONT bit set and entering Stop mode or Module Disable
mode.
The following figure shows timing diagram for Continuous SCK format with Continuous
Selection enabled.
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PCS
Master SIN
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
Master SOUT
transfer 1 transfer 2
Figure 42-17. Continuous SCK timing diagram (CONT=1)
42.4.6 Slave Mode Operation Constraints
Slave mode logic shift register is buffered. This allows data streaming operation, when
the module is permanently selected and data is shifted in with a constant rate.
The transmit data is transferred at second SCK clock edge of the each frame to the shift
register if the SS signal is asserted and any time when transmit data is ready and SS
signal is negated.
Received data is transferred to the receive buffer at last SCK edge of each frame, defined
by frame size programmed to the CTAR0/1 register. Then the data from the buffer is
transferred to the RXFIFO or DDR register.
If the SS negates before that last SCK edge, the data from shift register is lost.
42.4.7 Interrupts/DMA requests
The module has several conditions that can generate only interrupt requests and two
conditions that can generate interrupt or DMA requests. The following table lists these
conditions.
Table 42-11. Interrupt and DMA request conditions
Condition Flag Interrupt DMA
End of Queue (EOQ) EOQF Yes -
TX FIFO Fill TFFF Yes Yes
Transfer Complete TCF Yes -
TX FIFO Underflow TFUF Yes -
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Table 42-11. Interrupt and DMA request conditions (continued)
Condition Flag Interrupt DMA
RX FIFO Drain RFDF Yes Yes
RX FIFO Overflow RFOF Yes -
Each condition has a flag bit in the module Status Register (SR) and a Request Enable bit
in the DMA/Interrupt Request Select and Enable Register (RSER). Certain flags (as
shown in above table) generate interrupt requests or DMA requests depending on
configuration of RSER register.
The module also provides a global interrupt request line, which is asserted when any of
individual interrupt requests lines is asserted.
42.4.7.1 End Of Queue interrupt request
The End Of Queue (EOQ) interrupt request indicates that the end of a transmit queue is
reached. The module generates the interrupt request when EOQ interrupt requests are
enabled (RSER[EOQF_RE]) and the EOQ bit in the executing SPI command is 1.
The module generates the interrupt request when the last bit of the SPI frame with EOQ
bit set is transmitted.
42.4.7.2 Transmit FIFO Fill Interrupt or DMA Request
The Transmit FIFO Fill Request indicates that the TX FIFO is not full. The Transmit
FIFO Fill Request is generated when the number of entries in the TX FIFO is less than
the maximum number of possible entries, and the TFFF_RE bit in the RSER is set. The
TFFF_DIRS bit in the RSER selects whether a DMA request or an interrupt request is
generated.
NOTE
TFFF flag clears automatically when DMA is used to fill TX
FIFO.
To clear TFFF when not using DMA, follow these steps for
every PUSH performed using CPU to fill TX FIFO:
1. Wait until TFFF = 1.
2. Write data to PUSHR using CPU.
3. Clear TFFF by writing a 1 to its location. If TX FIFO is not
full, this flag will not clear.
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42.4.7.3 Transfer Complete Interrupt Request
The Transfer Complete Request indicates the end of the transfer of a serial frame. The
Transfer Complete Request is generated at the end of each frame transfer when the
TCF_RE bit is set in the RSER.
42.4.7.4 Transmit FIFO Underflow Interrupt Request
The Transmit FIFO Underflow Request indicates that an underflow condition in the TX
FIFO has occurred. The transmit underflow condition is detected only for the module
operating in Slave mode and SPI configuration . The TFUF bit is set when the TX FIFO
of the module is empty, and a transfer is initiated from an external SPI master. If the
TFUF bit is set while the TFUF_RE bit in the RSER is set, an interrupt request is
generated.
42.4.7.5 Receive FIFO Drain Interrupt or DMA Request
The Receive FIFO Drain Request indicates that the RX FIFO is not empty. The Receive
FIFO Drain Request is generated when the number of entries in the RX FIFO is not zero,
and the RFDF_RE bit in the RSER is set. The RFDF_DIRS bit in the RSER selects
whether a DMA request or an interrupt request is generated.
42.4.7.6 Receive FIFO Overflow Interrupt Request
The Receive FIFO Overflow Request indicates that an overflow condition in the RX
FIFO has occurred. A Receive FIFO Overflow request is generated when RX FIFO and
shift register are full and a transfer is initiated. The RFOF_RE bit in the RSER must be
set for the interrupt request to be generated.
Depending on the state of the ROOE bit in the MCR, the data from the transfer that
generated the overflow is either ignored or shifted in to the shift register. If the ROOE bit
is set, the incoming data is shifted in to the shift register. If the ROOE bit is cleared, the
incoming data is ignored.
42.4.8 Power saving features
The module supports following power-saving strategies:
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• External Stop mode
• Module Disable mode – Clock gating of non-memory mapped logic
42.4.8.1 Stop mode (External Stop mode)
This module supports the Stop mode protocol. When a request is made to enter External
Stop mode, the module acknowledges the request . If a serial transfer is in progress, then
this module waits until it reaches the frame boundary before it is ready to have its clocks
shut off . While the clocks are shut off, this module's memory-mapped logic is not
accessible. This also puts the module in STOPPED state. The SR[TXRXS] bit is cleared
to indicate STOPPED state. The states of the interrupt and DMA request signals cannot
be changed while in External Stop mode.
42.4.8.2 Module Disable mode
Module Disable mode is a block-specific mode that the module can enter to save power.
Host CPU can initiate the Module Disable mode by setting the MDIS bit in the MCR.
The Module Disable mode can also be initiated by hardware.
When the MDIS bit is set, the module negates the Clock Enable signal at the next frame
boundary. Once the Clock Enable signal is negated, it is said to have entered Module
Disable Mode. This also puts the module in STOPPED state. The SR[TXRXS] bit is
cleared to indicate STOPPED state.If implemented, the Clock Enable signal can stop the
clock to the non-memory mapped logic. When Clock Enable is negated, the module is in
a dormant state, but the memory mapped registers are still accessible. Certain read or
write operations have a different effect when the module is in the Module Disable mode.
Reading the RX FIFO Pop Register does not change the state of the RX FIFO. Similarly,
writing to the PUSHR Register does not change the state of the TX FIFO. Clearing either
of the FIFOs has no effect in the Module Disable mode. Changes to the DIS_TXF and
DIS_RXF fields of the MCR have no effect in the Module Disable mode. In the Module
Disable mode, all status bits and register flags in the module return the correct values
when read, but writing to them has no effect. Writing to the TCR during Module Disable
mode has no effect. Interrupt and DMA request signals cannot be cleared while in the
Module Disable mode.
42.5 Initialization/application information
This section describes how to initialize the module.
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42.5.1 How to manage queues
The queues are not part of the module, but it includes features in support of queue
management. Queues are primarily supported in SPI configuration.
1. When module executes last command word from a queue, the EOQ bit in the
command word is set to indicate it that this is the last entry in the queue.
2. At the end of the transfer, corresponding to the command word with EOQ set is
sampled, the EOQ flag (EOQF) in the SR is set.
3. The setting of the EOQF flag disables serial transmission and reception of data,
putting the module in the Stopped state. The TXRXS bit is cleared to indicate the
Stopped state.
4. The DMA can continue to fill TX FIFO until it is full or step 5 occurs.
5. Disable DMA transfers by disabling the DMA enable request for the DMA channel
assigned to TX FIFO and RX FIFO. This is done by clearing the corresponding
DMA enable request bits in the DMA Controller.
6. Ensure all received data in RX FIFO has been transferred to memory receive queue
by reading the RXCNT in SR or by checking RFDF in the SR after each read
operation of the POPR.
7. Modify DMA descriptor of TX and RX channels for new queues
8. Flush TX FIFO by writing a 1 to the CLR_TXF bit in the MCR. Flush RX FIFO by
writing a '1' to the CLR_RXF bit in the MCR.
9. Clear transfer count either by setting CTCNT bit in the command word of the first
entry in the new queue or via CPU writing directly to SPI_TCNT field in the TCR.
10. Enable DMA channel by enabling the DMA enable request for the DMA channel
assigned to the module TX FIFO, and RX FIFO by setting the corresponding DMA
set enable request bit.
11. Enable serial transmission and serial reception of data by clearing the EOQF bit.
42.5.2 Switching Master and Slave mode
When changing modes in the module, follow the steps below to guarantee proper
operation.
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1. Halt it by setting MCR[HALT].
2. Clear the transmit and receive FIFOs by writing a 1 to the CLR_TXF and CLR_RXF
bits in MCR.
3. Set the appropriate mode in MCR[MSTR] and enable it by clearing MCR[HALT].
42.5.3 Initializing Module in Master/Slave Modes
Once the appropriate mode in MCR[MSTR] is configured, the module is enabled by
clearing MCR[HALT]. It should be ensured that module Slave is enabled before enabling
it's Master. This ensures the Slave is ready to be communicated with, before Master
initializes communication.
42.5.4 Baud rate settings
The following table shows the baud rate that is generated based on the combination of the
baud rate prescaler PBR and the baud rate scaler BR in the CTARs. The values calculated
assume a 100 MHz protocol frequency and the double baud rate DBR bit is cleared.
NOTE
The clock frequency mentioned above is given as an example in
this chapter. See the clocking chapter for the frequency used to
drive this module in the device.
Table 42-12. Baud rate values (bps)
Baud rate divider prescaler values
2 3 5 7
Baud Rate Scaler Values
2 25.0M 16.7M 10.0M 7.14M
4 12.5M 8.33M 5.00M 3.57M
6 8.33M 5.56M 3.33M 2.38M
8 6.25M 4.17M 2.50M 1.79M
16 3.12M 2.08M 1.25M 893k
32 1.56M 1.04M 625k 446k
64 781k 521k 312k 223k
128 391k 260k 156k 112k
256 195k 130k 78.1k 55.8k
512 97.7k 65.1k 39.1k 27.9k
1024 48.8k 32.6k 19.5k 14.0k
2048 24.4k 16.3k 9.77k 6.98k
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 42-12. Baud rate values (bps) (continued)
Baud rate divider prescaler values
2 3 5 7
4096 12.2k 8.14k 4.88k 3.49k
8192 6.10k 4.07k 2.44k 1.74k
16384 3.05k 2.04k 1.22k 872
32768 1.53k 1.02k 610 436
42.5.5 Delay settings
The following table shows the values for the Delay after Transfer (tDT) and CS to SCK
Delay (TCSC) that can be generated based on the prescaler values and the scaler values set
in the CTARs. The values calculated assume a 100 MHz protocol frequency.
NOTE
The clock frequency mentioned above is given as an example in
this chapter. See the clocking chapter for the frequency used to
drive this module in the device.
Table 42-13. Delay values
Delay prescaler values
1 3 5 7
Delay scaler values
2 20.0 ns 60.0 ns 100.0 ns 140.0 ns
4 40.0 ns 120.0 ns 200.0 ns 280.0 ns
8 80.0 ns 240.0 ns 400.0 ns 560.0 ns
16 160.0 ns 480.0 ns 800.0 ns 1.1 μs
32 320.0 ns 960.0 ns 1.6 μs 2.2 μs
64 640.0 ns 1.9 μs 3.2 μs 4.5 μs
128 1.3 μs 3.8 μs 6.4 μs 9.0 μs
256 2.6 μs 7.7 μs 12.8 μs 17.9 μs
512 5.1 μs 15.4 μs 25.6 μs 35.8 μs
1024 10.2 μs 30.7 μs 51.2 μs 71.7 μs
2048 20.5 μs 61.4 μs 102.4 μs 143.4 μs
4096 41.0 μs 122.9 μs 204.8 μs 286.7 μs
8192 81.9 μs 245.8 μs 409.6 μs 573.4 μs
16384 163.8 μs 491.5 μs 819.2 μs 1.1 ms
32768 327.7 μs 983.0 μs 1.6 ms 2.3 ms
65536 655.4 μs 2.0 ms 3.3 ms 4.6 ms
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42.5.6 Calculation of FIFO pointer addresses
Complete visibility of the FIFO contents is available through the FIFO registers, and
valid entries can be identified through a memory-mapped pointer and counter for each
FIFO. The pointer to the first-in entry in each FIFO is memory mapped. For the TX FIFO
the first-in pointer is the Transmit Next Pointer (TXNXTPTR). For the RX FIFO the
first-in pointer is the Pop Next Pointer (POPNXTPTR). The following figure illustrates
the concept of first-in and last-in FIFO entries along with the FIFO Counter. The TX
FIFO is chosen for the illustration, but the concepts carry over. See Transmit First In First
Out (TX FIFO) buffering mechanism and Receive First In First Out (RX FIFO) buffering
mechanism for details on the FIFO operation.
Push TX FIFO Register
Transmit Next
Data Pointer
Shift Register
SOUT
+1 -1
TX FIFO Counter
TX FIFO Base -
Entry C
Entry A (first in)
Entry D (last in)
Entry B
-
-
-
Figure 42-18. TX FIFO pointers and counter
42.5.6.1 Address Calculation for the First-in Entry and Last-in Entry
in the TX FIFO
The memory address of the first-in entry in the TX FIFO is computed by the following
equation:
The memory address of the last-in entry in the TX FIFO is computed by the following
equation:
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TX FIFO Base - Base address of TX FIFO
TXCTR - TX FIFO Counter
TXNXTPTR - Transmit Next Pointer
TX FIFO Depth - Transmit FIFO depth, implementation specific
42.5.6.2 Address Calculation for the First-in Entry and Last-in Entry
in the RX FIFO
The memory address of the first-in entry in the RX FIFO is computed by the following
equation:
The memory address of the last-in entry in the RX FIFO is computed by the following
equation:
RX FIFO Base - Base address of RX FIFO
RXCTR - RX FIFO counter
POPNXTPTR - Pop Next Pointer
RX FIFO Depth - Receive FIFO depth, implementation specific
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Chapter 43
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)
43.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The inter-integrated circuit (I2C, I2C, or IIC) module provides a method of
communication between a number of devices.
The interface is designed to operate up to 100 kbit/s with maximum bus loading and
timing. The I2C device is capable of operating at higher baud rates, up to a maximum of
clock/20, with reduced bus loading. The maximum communication length and the
number of devices that can be connected are limited by a maximum bus capacitance of
400 pF. The I2C module also complies with the System Management Bus (SMBus)
Specification, version 2.
43.1.1 Features
The I2C module has the following features:
•Compatible with The I2C-Bus Specification
• Multimaster operation
• Software programmable for one of 64 different serial clock frequencies
• Software-selectable acknowledge bit
• Interrupt-driven byte-by-byte data transfer
• Arbitration-lost interrupt with automatic mode switching from master to slave
• Calling address identification interrupt
• START and STOP signal generation and detection
• Repeated START signal generation and detection
• Acknowledge bit generation and detection
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• Bus busy detection
• General call recognition
• 10-bit address extension
•Support for System Management Bus (SMBus) Specification, version 2
• Programmable input glitch filter
• Low power mode wakeup on slave address match
• Range slave address support
• DMA support
43.1.2 Modes of operation
The I2C module's operation in various low power modes is as follows:
• Run mode: This is the basic mode of operation. To conserve power in this mode,
disable the module.
• Wait mode: The module continues to operate when the core is in Wait mode and can
provide a wakeup interrupt.
• Stop mode: The module is inactive in Stop mode for reduced power consumption,
except that address matching is enabled in Stop mode. The STOP instruction does
not affect the I2C module's register states.
43.1.3 Block diagram
The following figure is a functional block diagram of the I2C module.
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Interrupt
Write/Read
Address
SCL SDA
Module Enable
CTRL_REG
DATA_MUX
ADDR_DECODE
DATA_REG
STATUS_REG
ADDR_REG
FREQ_REG
Input
Sync
Clock
Control
START
STOP
Arbitration
Control
In/Out
Data
Shift
Register
Address
Compare
Figure 43-1. I2C Functional block diagram
43.2 I2C signal descriptions
The signal properties of I2C are shown in the table found here.
Table 43-1. I2C signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O
SCL Bidirectional serial clock line of the I2C system. I/O
SDA Bidirectional serial data line of the I2C system. I/O
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43.3 Memory map/register definition
This section describes in detail all I2C registers accessible to the end user.
I2C memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_6000 I2C Address Register 1 (I2C0_A1) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.1/1073
4006_6001 I2C Frequency Divider register (I2C0_F) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.2/1073
4006_6002 I2C Control Register 1 (I2C0_C1) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.3/1074
4006_6003 I2C Status register (I2C0_S) 8 R/W 80h 43.3.4/1076
4006_6004 I2C Data I/O register (I2C0_D) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.5/1078
4006_6005 I2C Control Register 2 (I2C0_C2) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.6/1078
4006_6006 I2C Programmable Input Glitch Filter Register (I2C0_FLT) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.7/1079
4006_6007 I2C Range Address register (I2C0_RA) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.8/1081
4006_6008 I2C SMBus Control and Status register (I2C0_SMB) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.9/1081
4006_6009 I2C Address Register 2 (I2C0_A2) 8 R/W C2h 43.3.10/
1083
4006_600A I2C SCL Low Timeout Register High (I2C0_SLTH) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.11/
1083
4006_600B I2C SCL Low Timeout Register Low (I2C0_SLTL) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.12/
1084
4006_7000 I2C Address Register 1 (I2C1_A1) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.1/1073
4006_7001 I2C Frequency Divider register (I2C1_F) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.2/1073
4006_7002 I2C Control Register 1 (I2C1_C1) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.3/1074
4006_7003 I2C Status register (I2C1_S) 8 R/W 80h 43.3.4/1076
4006_7004 I2C Data I/O register (I2C1_D) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.5/1078
4006_7005 I2C Control Register 2 (I2C1_C2) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.6/1078
4006_7006 I2C Programmable Input Glitch Filter Register (I2C1_FLT) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.7/1079
4006_7007 I2C Range Address register (I2C1_RA) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.8/1081
4006_7008 I2C SMBus Control and Status register (I2C1_SMB) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.9/1081
4006_7009 I2C Address Register 2 (I2C1_A2) 8 R/W C2h 43.3.10/
1083
4006_700A I2C SCL Low Timeout Register High (I2C1_SLTH) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.11/
1083
4006_700B I2C SCL Low Timeout Register Low (I2C1_SLTL) 8 R/W 00h 43.3.12/
1084
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43.3.1 I2C Address Register 1 (I2Cx_A1)
This register contains the slave address to be used by the I2C module.
Address: Base address + 0h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read AD[7:1] 0
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_A1 field descriptions
Field Description
7–1
AD[7:1]
Address
Contains the primary slave address used by the I2C module when it is addressed as a slave. This field is
used in the 7-bit address scheme and the lower seven bits in the 10-bit address scheme.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
43.3.2 I2C Frequency Divider register (I2Cx_F)
Address: Base address + 1h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read MULT ICR
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_F field descriptions
Field Description
7–6
MULT
Multiplier Factor
Defines the multiplier factor (mul). This factor is used along with the SCL divider to generate the I2C baud
rate.
00 mul = 1
01 mul = 2
10 mul = 4
11 Reserved
ICR ClockRate
Prescales the I2C module clock for bit rate selection. This field and the MULT field determine the I2C baud
rate, the SDA hold time, the SCL start hold time, and the SCL stop hold time. For a list of values
corresponding to each ICR setting, see I2C divider and hold values.
The SCL divider multiplied by multiplier factor (mul) determines the I2C baud rate.
I2C baud rate = I2C module clock speed (Hz)/(mul × SCL divider)
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I2Cx_F field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
The SDA hold time is the delay from the falling edge of SCL (I2C clock) to the changing of SDA (I2C data).
SDA hold time = I2C module clock period (s) × mul × SDA hold value
The SCL start hold time is the delay from the falling edge of SDA (I2C data) while SCL is high (start
condition) to the falling edge of SCL (I2C clock).
SCL start hold time = I2C module clock period (s) × mul × SCL start hold value
The SCL stop hold time is the delay from the rising edge of SCL (I2C clock) to the rising edge of SDA (I2C
data) while SCL is high (stop condition).
SCL stop hold time = I2C module clock period (s) × mul × SCL stop hold value
For example, if the I2C module clock speed is 8 MHz, the following table shows the possible hold time
values with different ICR and MULT selections to achieve an I2C baud rate of 100 kbit/s.
MULT ICR Hold times (μs)
SDA SCL Start SCL Stop
2h 00h 3.500 3.000 5.500
1h 07h 2.500 4.000 5.250
1h 0Bh 2.250 4.000 5.250
0h 14h 2.125 4.250 5.125
0h 18h 1.125 4.750 5.125
43.3.3 I2C Control Register 1 (I2Cx_C1)
Address: Base address + 2h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read IICEN IICIE MST TX TXAK 0WUEN DMAEN
Write RSTA
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_C1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
IICEN
I2C Enable
Enables I2C module operation.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
6
IICIE
I2C Interrupt Enable
Enables I2C interrupt requests.
Table continues on the next page...
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I2Cx_C1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
5
MST
Master Mode Select
When MST is changed from 0 to 1, a START signal is generated on the bus and master mode is selected.
When this bit changes from 1 to 0, a STOP signal is generated and the mode of operation changes from
master to slave.
0 Slave mode
1 Master mode
4
TX
Transmit Mode Select
Selects the direction of master and slave transfers. In master mode this bit must be set according to the
type of transfer required. Therefore, for address cycles, this bit is always set. When addressed as a slave
this bit must be set by software according to the SRW bit in the status register.
0 Receive
1 Transmit
3
TXAK
Transmit Acknowledge Enable
Specifies the value driven onto the SDA during data acknowledge cycles for both master and slave
receivers. The value of SMB[FACK] affects NACK/ACK generation.
NOTE: SCL is held low until TXAK is written.
0 An acknowledge signal is sent to the bus on the following receiving byte (if FACK is cleared) or the
current receiving byte (if FACK is set).
1 No acknowledge signal is sent to the bus on the following receiving data byte (if FACK is cleared) or
the current receiving data byte (if FACK is set).
2
RSTA
Repeat START
Writing 1 to this bit generates a repeated START condition provided it is the current master. This bit will
always be read as 0. Attempting a repeat at the wrong time results in loss of arbitration.
1
WUEN
Wakeup Enable
The I2C module can wake the MCU from low power mode with no peripheral bus running when slave
address matching occurs.
0 Normal operation. No interrupt generated when address matching in low power mode.
1 Enables the wakeup function in low power mode.
0
DMAEN
DMA Enable
Enables or disables the DMA function.
0 All DMA signalling disabled.
1DMA transfer is enabled. While SMB[FACK] = 0, the following conditions trigger the DMA request:
• a data byte is received, and either address or data is transmitted. (ACK/NACK is automatic)
• the first byte received matches the A1 register or is a general call address.
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I2Cx_C1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
If any address matching occurs, S[IAAS] and S[TCF] are set. If the direction of transfer is known from
master to slave, then it is not required to check S[SRW]. With this assumption, DMA can also be used
in this case. In other cases, if the master reads data from the slave, then it is required to rewrite the
C1 register operation. With this assumption, DMA cannot be used.
When FACK = 1, an address or a data byte is transmitted.
43.3.4 I2C Status register (I2Cx_S)
Address: Base address + 3h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TCF IAAS BUSY ARBL RAM SRW IICIF RXAK
Write w1c w1c
Reset 10000000
I2Cx_S field descriptions
Field Description
7
TCF
Transfer Complete Flag
Acknowledges a byte transfer; TCF is set on the completion of a byte transfer. This bit is valid only during
or immediately following a transfer to or from the I2C module. TCF is cleared by reading the I2C data
register in receive mode or by writing to the I2C data register in transmit mode.
0 Transfer in progress
1 Transfer complete
6
IAAS
Addressed As A Slave
This bit is set by one of the following conditions:
• The calling address matches the programmed primary slave address in the A1 register, or matches
the range address in the RA register (which must be set to a nonzero value and under the condition
I2C_C2[RMEN] = 1).
• C2[GCAEN] is set and a general call is received.
• SMB[SIICAEN] is set and the calling address matches the second programmed slave address.
• ALERTEN is set and an SMBus alert response address is received
• RMEN is set and an address is received that is within the range between the values of the A1 and
RA registers.
IAAS sets before the ACK bit. The CPU must check the SRW bit and set TX/RX accordingly. Writing the
C1 register with any value clears this bit.
0Not addressed
1 Addressed as a slave
5
BUSY
Bus Busy
Indicates the status of the bus regardless of slave or master mode. This bit is set when a START signal is
detected and cleared when a STOP signal is detected.
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I2Cx_S field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Bus is idle
1 Bus is busy
4
ARBL
Arbitration Lost
This bit is set by hardware when the arbitration procedure is lost. The ARBL bit must be cleared by
software, by writing 1 to it.
0 Standard bus operation.
1 Loss of arbitration.
3
RAM
Range Address Match
This bit is set to 1 by any of the following conditions, if I2C_C2[RMEN] = 1:
• Any nonzero calling address is received that matches the address in the RA register.
• The calling address is within the range of values of the A1 and RA registers.
NOTE: For the RAM bit to be set to 1 correctly, C1[IICIE] must be set to 1.
Writing the C1 register with any value clears this bit to 0.
0 Not addressed
1 Addressed as a slave
2
SRW
Slave Read/Write
When addressed as a slave, SRW indicates the value of the R/W command bit of the calling address sent
to the master.
0 Slave receive, master writing to slave
1 Slave transmit, master reading from slave
1
IICIF
Interrupt Flag
This bit sets when an interrupt is pending. This bit must be cleared by software by writing 1 to it, such as in
the interrupt routine. One of the following events can set this bit:
• One byte transfer, including ACK/NACK bit, completes if FACK is 0. An ACK or NACK is sent on the
bus by writing 0 or 1 to TXAK after this bit is set in receive mode.
• One byte transfer, excluding ACK/NACK bit, completes if FACK is 1.
• Match of slave address to calling address including primary slave address, range slave address,
alert response address, second slave address, or general call address.
• Arbitration lost
• In SMBus mode, any timeouts except SCL and SDA high timeouts
• I2C bus stop or start detection if the SSIE bit in the Input Glitch Filter register is 1
NOTE: To clear the I2C bus stop or start detection interrupt: In the interrupt service
routine, first clear the STOPF or STARTF bit in the Input Glitch Filter register by
writing 1 to it, and then clear the IICIF bit. If this sequence is reversed, the IICIF
bit is asserted again.
0 No interrupt pending
1 Interrupt pending
0
RXAK
Receive Acknowledge
0 Acknowledge signal was received after the completion of one byte of data transmission on the bus
1 No acknowledge signal detected
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43.3.5 I2C Data I/O register (I2Cx_D)
Address: Base address + 4h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read DATA
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_D field descriptions
Field Description
DATA Data
In master transmit mode, when data is written to this register, a data transfer is initiated. The most
significant bit is sent first. In master receive mode, reading this register initiates receiving of the next byte
of data.
NOTE: When making the transition out of master receive mode, switch the I2C mode before reading the
Data register to prevent an inadvertent initiation of a master receive data transfer.
In slave mode, the same functions are available after an address match occurs.
The C1[TX] bit must correctly reflect the desired direction of transfer in master and slave modes for the
transmission to begin. For example, if the I2C module is configured for master transmit but a master
receive is desired, reading the Data register does not initiate the receive.
Reading the Data register returns the last byte received while the I2C module is configured in master
receive or slave receive mode. The Data register does not reflect every byte that is transmitted on the I2C
bus, and neither can software verify that a byte has been written to the Data register correctly by reading it
back.
In master transmit mode, the first byte of data written to the Data register following assertion of MST (start
bit) or assertion of RSTA (repeated start bit) is used for the address transfer and must consist of the
calling address (in bits 7-1) concatenated with the required R/W bit (in position bit 0).
43.3.6 I2C Control Register 2 (I2Cx_C2)
Address: Base address + 5h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read GCAEN ADEXT HDRS SBRC RMEN AD[10:8]
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_C2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
GCAEN
General Call Address Enable
Enables general call address.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
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I2Cx_C2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
6
ADEXT
Address Extension
Controls the number of bits used for the slave address.
0 7-bit address scheme
1 10-bit address scheme
5
HDRS
High Drive Select
Controls the drive capability of the I2C pads.
0 Normal drive mode
1 High drive mode
4
SBRC
Slave Baud Rate Control
Enables independent slave mode baud rate at maximum frequency, which forces clock stretching on SCL
in very fast I2C modes. To a slave, an example of a "very fast" mode is when the master transfers at 40
kbit/s but the slave can capture the master's data at only 10 kbit/s.
0 The slave baud rate follows the master baud rate and clock stretching may occur
1 Slave baud rate is independent of the master baud rate
3
RMEN
Range Address Matching Enable
This bit controls the slave address matching for addresses between the values of the A1 and RA registers.
When this bit is set, a slave address matching occurs for any address greater than the value of the A1
register and less than or equal to the value of the RA register.
0 Range mode disabled. No address matching occurs for an address within the range of values of the
A1 and RA registers.
1 Range mode enabled. Address matching occurs when a slave receives an address within the range of
values of the A1 and RA registers.
AD[10:8] Slave Address
Contains the upper three bits of the slave address in the 10-bit address scheme. This field is valid only
while the ADEXT bit is set.
43.3.7 I2C Programmable Input Glitch Filter Register (I2Cx_FLT)
Address: Base address + 6h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SHEN STOPF SSIE STARTF FLT
Write w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_FLT field descriptions
Field Description
7
SHEN
Stop Hold Enable
Set this bit to hold off entry to stop mode when any data transmission or reception is occurring.
Table continues on the next page...
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I2Cx_FLT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
The following scenario explains the holdoff functionality:
1. The I2C module is configured for a basic transfer, and the SHEN bit is set to 1.
2. A transfer begins.
3. The MCU signals the I2C module to enter stop mode.
4. The byte currently being transferred, including both address and data, completes its transfer.
5. The I2C slave or master acknowledges that the in-transfer byte completed its transfer and
acknowledges the request to enter stop mode.
6. After receiving the I2C module's acknowledgment of the request to enter stop mode, the MCU
determines whether to shut off the I2C module's clock.
If the SHEN bit is set to 1 and the I2C module is in an idle or disabled state when the MCU signals to enter
stop mode, the module immediately acknowledges the request to enter stop mode.
If SHEN is cleared to 0 and the overall data transmission or reception that was suspended by stop mode
entry was incomplete: To resume the overall transmission or reception after the MCU exits stop mode,
software must reinitialize the transfer by resending the address of the slave.
If the I2C Control Register 1's IICIE bit was set to 1 before the MCU entered stop mode, system software
will receive the interrupt triggered by the I2C Status Register's TCF bit after the MCU wakes from the stop
mode.
0Stop holdoff is disabled. The MCU's entry to stop mode is not gated.
1 Stop holdoff is enabled.
6
STOPF
I2C Bus Stop Detect Flag
Hardware sets this bit when the I2C bus's stop status is detected. The STOPF bit must be cleared by
writing 1 to it.
NOTE: The stop flag is only for the matched slave devices, therefore the master will not respond for it.
0 No stop happens on I2C bus
1 Stop detected on I2C bus
5
SSIE
I2C Bus Stop or Start Interrupt Enable
This bit enables the interrupt for I2C bus stop or start detection.
NOTE: To clear the I2C bus stop or start detection interrupt: In the interrupt service routine, first clear the
STOPF or STARTF bit by writing 1 to it, and then clear the IICIF bit in the status register. If this
sequence is reversed, the IICIF bit is asserted again.
0 Stop or start detection interrupt is disabled
1 Stop or start detection interrupt is enabled
4
STARTF
I2C Bus Start Detect Flag
Hardware sets this bit when the I2C bus's start status is detected. The STARTF bit must be cleared by
writing 1 to it.
0 No start happens on I2C bus
1 Start detected on I2C bus
FLT I2C Programmable Filter Factor
Controls the width of the glitch, in terms of I2C module clock cycles, that the filter must absorb. For any
glitch whose size is less than or equal to this width setting, the filter does not allow the glitch to pass.
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I2Cx_FLT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0h No filter/bypass
1-Fh Filter glitches up to width of n I2C module clock cycles, where n=1-15d
43.3.8 I2C Range Address register (I2Cx_RA)
Address: Base address + 7h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read RAD 0
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_RA field descriptions
Field Description
7–1
RAD
Range Slave Address
This field contains the slave address to be used by the I2C module. The field is used in the 7-bit address
scheme. If I2C_C2[RMEN] is set to 1, any nonzero value write enables this register. This register value
can be considered as a maximum boundary in the range matching mode.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
43.3.9 I2C SMBus Control and Status register (I2Cx_SMB)
NOTE
When the SCL and SDA signals are held high for a length of
time greater than the high timeout period, the SHTF1 flag sets.
Before reaching this threshold, while the system is detecting
how long these signals are being held high, a master assumes
that the bus is free. However, the SHTF1 bit is set to 1 in the
bus transmission process with the idle bus state.
NOTE
When the TCKSEL bit is set, there is no need to monitor the
SHTF1 bit because the bus speed is too high to match the
protocol of SMBus.
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Address: Base address + 8h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read FACK ALERTEN SIICAEN TCKSEL SLTF SHTF1 SHTF2 SHTF2IE
Write w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_SMB field descriptions
Field Description
7
FACK
Fast NACK/ACK Enable
For SMBus packet error checking, the CPU must be able to issue an ACK or NACK according to the result
of receiving data byte.
0 An ACK or NACK is sent on the following receiving data byte
1 Writing 0 to TXAK after receiving a data byte generates an ACK. Writing 1 to TXAK after receiving a
data byte generates a NACK.
6
ALERTEN
SMBus Alert Response Address Enable
Enables or disables SMBus alert response address matching.
NOTE: After the host responds to a device that used the alert response address, you must use software
to put the device's address on the bus. The alert protocol is described in the SMBus specification.
0 SMBus alert response address matching is disabled
1 SMBus alert response address matching is enabled
5
SIICAEN
Second I2C Address Enable
Enables or disables SMBus device default address.
0 I2C address register 2 matching is disabled
1 I2C address register 2 matching is enabled
4
TCKSEL
Timeout Counter Clock Select
Selects the clock source of the timeout counter.
0 Timeout counter counts at the frequency of the I2C module clock / 64
1 Timeout counter counts at the frequency of the I2C module clock
3
SLTF
SCL Low Timeout Flag
This bit is set when the SLT register (consisting of the SLTH and SLTL registers) is loaded with a non-zero
value (LoValue) and an SCL low timeout occurs. Software clears this bit by writing a logic 1 to it.
NOTE: The low timeout function is disabled when the SLT register's value is 0.
0 No low timeout occurs
1 Low timeout occurs
2
SHTF1
SCL High Timeout Flag 1
This read-only bit sets when SCL and SDA are held high more than clock × LoValue / 512, which indicates
the bus is free. This bit is cleared automatically.
0 No SCL high and SDA high timeout occurs
1 SCL high and SDA high timeout occurs
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I2Cx_SMB field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
SHTF2
SCL High Timeout Flag 2
This bit sets when SCL is held high and SDA is held low more than clock × LoValue / 512. Software clears
this bit by writing 1 to it.
0 No SCL high and SDA low timeout occurs
1 SCL high and SDA low timeout occurs
0
SHTF2IE
SHTF2 Interrupt Enable
Enables SCL high and SDA low timeout interrupt.
0 SHTF2 interrupt is disabled
1 SHTF2 interrupt is enabled
43.3.10 I2C Address Register 2 (I2Cx_A2)
Address: Base address + 9h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SAD 0
Write
Reset 11000010
I2Cx_A2 field descriptions
Field Description
7–1
SAD
SMBus Address
Contains the slave address used by the SMBus. This field is used on the device default address or other
related addresses.
0
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
43.3.11 I2C SCL Low Timeout Register High (I2Cx_SLTH)
Address: Base address + Ah offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SSLT[15:8]
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_SLTH field descriptions
Field Description
SSLT[15:8] SSLT[15:8]
Most significant byte of SCL low timeout value that determines the timeout period of SCL low.
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43.3.12 I2C SCL Low Timeout Register Low (I2Cx_SLTL)
Address: Base address + Bh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SSLT[7:0]
Write
Reset 00000000
I2Cx_SLTL field descriptions
Field Description
SSLT[7:0] SSLT[7:0]
Least significant byte of SCL low timeout value that determines the timeout period of SCL low.
43.4 Functional description
This section provides a comprehensive functional description of the I2C module.
43.4.1 I2C protocol
The I2C bus system uses a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL) for data
transfers.
All devices connected to it must have open drain or open collector outputs. A logic AND
function is exercised on both lines with external pull-up resistors. The value of these
resistors depends on the system.
Normally, a standard instance of communication is composed of four parts:
1. START signal
2. Slave address transmission
3. Data transfer
4. STOP signal
The STOP signal should not be confused with the CPU STOP instruction. The following
figure illustrates I2C bus system communication.
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SCL
SDA
D0
Data Byte
New Calling Address
XX
Calling Address
SDA
Calling Address Read/
Write
XXX D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1AD6 AD5
AD7 AD4
LSB
MSB
1
6
258
3479
1
6
258
3479
LSB
MSB
1
6
258
3479
LSB
MSB
1
6
258
3479
LSB
MSB
AD6 R/WAD3 AD2 AD1AD5AD7 AD4 AD6 R/WAD3 AD2 AD1AD5AD7 AD4
Read/
Write
Read/
Write
R/WAD3 AD2 AD1
SCL
Start
Signal
Ack
Bit
No
Ack
Bit
Stop
Signal
Start
Signal
Ack
Bit
Repeated
Start
Signal
No
Ack
Bit
Stop
Signal
Figure 43-2. I2C bus transmission signals
43.4.1.1 START signal
The bus is free when no master device is engaging the bus (both SCL and SDA are high).
When the bus is free, a master may initiate communication by sending a START signal.
A START signal is defined as a high-to-low transition of SDA while SCL is high. This
signal denotes the beginning of a new data transfer—each data transfer might contain
several bytes of data—and brings all slaves out of their idle states.
43.4.1.2 Slave address transmission
Immediately after the START signal, the first byte of a data transfer is the slave address
transmitted by the master. This address is a 7-bit calling address followed by an R/W bit.
The R/W bit tells the slave the desired direction of data transfer.
• 1 = Read transfer: The slave transmits data to the master
• 0 = Write transfer: The master transmits data to the slave
Only the slave with a calling address that matches the one transmitted by the master
responds by sending an acknowledge bit. The slave sends the acknowledge bit by pulling
SDA low at the ninth clock.
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No two slaves in the system can have the same address. If the I2C module is the master, it
must not transmit an address that is equal to its own slave address. The I2C module
cannot be master and slave at the same time. However, if arbitration is lost during an
address cycle, the I2C module reverts to slave mode and operates correctly even if it is
being addressed by another master.
43.4.1.3 Data transfers
When successful slave addressing is achieved, data transfer can proceed on a byte-by-
byte basis in the direction specified by the R/W bit sent by the calling master.
All transfers that follow an address cycle are referred to as data transfers, even if they
carry subaddress information for the slave device.
Each data byte is 8 bits long. Data may be changed only while SCL is low. Data must be
held stable while SCL is high. There is one clock pulse on SCL for each data bit, and the
MSB is transferred first. Each data byte is followed by a ninth (acknowledge) bit, which
is signaled from the receiving device by pulling SDA low at the ninth clock. In summary,
one complete data transfer needs nine clock pulses.
If the slave receiver does not acknowledge the master in the ninth bit, the slave must
leave SDA high. The master interprets the failed acknowledgement as an unsuccessful
data transfer.
If the master receiver does not acknowledge the slave transmitter after a data byte
transmission, the slave interprets it as an end to data transfer and releases the SDA line.
In the case of a failed acknowledgement by either the slave or master, the data transfer is
aborted and the master does one of two things:
• Relinquishes the bus by generating a STOP signal.
• Commences a new call by generating a repeated START signal.
43.4.1.4 STOP signal
The master can terminate the communication by generating a STOP signal to free the
bus. A STOP signal is defined as a low-to-high transition of SDA while SCL is asserted.
The master can generate a STOP signal even if the slave has generated an
acknowledgement, at which point the slave must release the bus.
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43.4.1.5 Repeated START signal
The master may generate a START signal followed by a calling command without
generating a STOP signal first. This action is called a repeated START. The master uses
a repeated START to communicate with another slave or with the same slave in a
different mode (transmit/receive mode) without releasing the bus.
43.4.1.6 Arbitration procedure
The I2C bus is a true multimaster bus that allows more than one master to be connected
on it.
If two or more masters try to control the bus at the same time, a clock synchronization
procedure determines the bus clock. The bus clock's low period is equal to the longest
clock low period, and the high period is equal to the shortest one among the masters.
The relative priority of the contending masters is determined by a data arbitration
procedure. A bus master loses arbitration if it transmits logic level 1 while another master
transmits logic level 0. The losing masters immediately switch to slave receive mode and
stop driving SDA output. In this case, the transition from master to slave mode does not
generate a STOP condition. Meanwhile, hardware sets a status bit to indicate the loss of
arbitration.
43.4.1.7 Clock synchronization
Because wire AND logic is performed on SCL, a high-to-low transition on SCL affects
all devices connected on the bus. The devices start counting their low period and, after a
device's clock has gone low, that device holds SCL low until the clock reaches its high
state. However, the change of low to high in this device clock might not change the state
of SCL if another device clock is still within its low period. Therefore, the synchronized
clock SCL is held low by the device with the longest low period. Devices with shorter
low periods enter a high wait state during this time; see the following diagram. When all
applicable devices have counted off their low period, the synchronized clock SCL is
released and pulled high. Afterward there is no difference between the device clocks and
the state of SCL, and all devices start counting their high periods. The first device to
complete its high period pulls SCL low again.
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SCL2
Start Counting High Period
Internal Counter Reset
SCL1
SCL
Delay
Figure 43-3. I2C clock synchronization
43.4.1.8 Handshaking
The clock synchronization mechanism can be used as a handshake in data transfers. A
slave device may hold SCL low after completing a single byte transfer (9 bits). In this
case, it halts the bus clock and forces the master clock into wait states until the slave
releases SCL.
43.4.1.9 Clock stretching
The clock synchronization mechanism can be used by slaves to slow down the bit rate of
a transfer. After the master drives SCL low, a slave can drive SCL low for the required
period and then release it. If the slave's SCL low period is greater than the master's SCL
low period, the resulting SCL bus signal's low period is stretched. In other words, the
SCL bus signal's low period is increased to be the same length as the slave's SCL low
period.
43.4.1.10 I2C divider and hold values
NOTE
For some cases on some devices, the SCL divider value may
vary by ±2 or ±4 when ICR's value ranges from 00h to 0Fh.
These potentially varying SCL divider values are highlighted in
the following table. For the actual SCL divider values for your
device, see the chip-specific details about the I2C module.
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Table 43-2. I2C divider and hold values
ICR
(hex)
SCL
divider
SDA hold
value
SCL hold
(start)
value
SCL hold
(stop)
value
ICR
(hex)
SCL
divider
(clocks)
SDA hold
(clocks)
SCL hold
(start)
value
SCL hold
(stop)
value
00 20 7 6 11 20 160 17 78 81
01 22 7 7 12 21 192 17 94 97
02 24 8 8 13 22 224 33 110 113
03 26 8 9 14 23 256 33 126 129
04 28 9 10 15 24 288 49 142 145
05 30 9 11 16 25 320 49 158 161
06 34 10 13 18 26 384 65 190 193
07 40 10 16 21 27 480 65 238 241
08 28 7 10 15 28 320 33 158 161
09 32 7 12 17 29 384 33 190 193
0A 36 9 14 19 2A 448 65 222 225
0B 40 9 16 21 2B 512 65 254 257
0C 44 11 18 23 2C 576 97 286 289
0D 48 11 20 25 2D 640 97 318 321
0E 56 13 24 29 2E 768 129 382 385
0F 68 13 30 35 2F 960 129 478 481
10 48 9 18 25 30 640 65 318 321
11 56 9 22 29 31 768 65 382 385
12 64 13 26 33 32 896 129 446 449
13 72 13 30 37 33 1024 129 510 513
14 80 17 34 41 34 1152 193 574 577
15 88 17 38 45 35 1280 193 638 641
16 104 21 46 53 36 1536 257 766 769
17 128 21 58 65 37 1920 257 958 961
18 80 9 38 41 38 1280 129 638 641
19 96 9 46 49 39 1536 129 766 769
1A 112 17 54 57 3A 1792 257 894 897
1B 128 17 62 65 3B 2048 257 1022 1025
1C 144 25 70 73 3C 2304 385 1150 1153
1D 160 25 78 81 3D 2560 385 1278 1281
1E 192 33 94 97 3E 3072 513 1534 1537
1F 240 33 118 121 3F 3840 513 1918 1921
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43.4.2 10-bit address
For 10-bit addressing, 0x11110 is used for the first 5 bits of the first address byte.
Various combinations of read/write formats are possible within a transfer that includes
10-bit addressing.
43.4.2.1 Master-transmitter addresses a slave-receiver
The transfer direction is not changed. When a 10-bit address follows a START condition,
each slave compares the first 7 bits of the first byte of the slave address (11110XX) with
its own address and tests whether the eighth bit (R/W direction bit) is 0. It is possible that
more than one device finds a match and generates an acknowledge (A1). Each slave that
finds a match compares the 8 bits of the second byte of the slave address with its own
address, but only one slave finds a match and generates an acknowledge (A2). The
matching slave remains addressed by the master until it receives a STOP condition (P) or
a repeated START condition (Sr) followed by a different slave address.
Table 43-3. Master-transmitter addresses slave-receiver with a 10-bit address
SSlave
address
first 7 bits
11110 +
AD10 +
AD9
R/W
0A1 Slave
address
second
byte
AD[8:1]
A2 Data A ... Data A/A P
After the master-transmitter has sent the first byte of the 10-bit address, the slave-receiver
sees an I2C interrupt. User software must ensure that for this interrupt, the contents of the
Data register are ignored and not treated as valid data.
43.4.2.2 Master-receiver addresses a slave-transmitter
The transfer direction is changed after the second R/W bit. Up to and including
acknowledge bit A2, the procedure is the same as that described for a master-transmitter
addressing a slave-receiver. After the repeated START condition (Sr), a matching slave
remembers that it was addressed before. This slave then checks whether the first seven
bits of the first byte of the slave address following Sr are the same as they were after the
START condition (S), and it tests whether the eighth (R/W) bit is 1. If there is a match,
the slave considers that it has been addressed as a transmitter and generates acknowledge
A3. The slave-transmitter remains addressed until it receives a STOP condition (P) or a
repeated START condition (Sr) followed by a different slave address.
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After a repeated START condition (Sr), all other slave devices also compare the first
seven bits of the first byte of the slave address with their own addresses and test the
eighth (R/W) bit. However, none of them are addressed because R/W = 1 (for 10-bit
devices), or the 11110XX slave address (for 7-bit devices) does not match.
Table 43-4. Master-receiver addresses a slave-transmitter with a 10-bit address
SSlave
address
first 7
bits
11110 +
AD10 +
AD9
R/W
0A1 Slave
address
second
byte
AD[8:1]
A2 Sr Slave
address
first 7
bits
11110 +
AD10 +
AD9
R/W
1A3 Data A ... Data A P
After the master-receiver has sent the first byte of the 10-bit address, the slave-transmitter
sees an I2C interrupt. User software must ensure that for this interrupt, the contents of the
Data register are ignored and not treated as valid data.
43.4.3 Address matching
All received addresses can be requested in 7-bit or 10-bit address format.
• AD[7:1] in Address Register 1, which contains the I2C primary slave address, always
participates in the address matching process. It provides a 7-bit address.
• If the ADEXT bit is set, AD[10:8] in Control Register 2 participates in the address
matching process. It extends the I2C primary slave address to a 10-bit address.
Additional conditions that affect address matching include:
• If the GCAEN bit is set, general call participates the address matching process.
• If the ALERTEN bit is set, alert response participates the address matching process.
• If the SIICAEN bit is set, Address Register 2 participates in the address matching
process.
• If the RMEN bit is set, when the Range Address register is programmed to a nonzero
value, any address within the range of values of Address Register 1 (excluded) and
the Range Address register (included) participates in the address matching process.
The Range Address register must be programmed to a value greater than the value of
Address Register 1.
When the I2C module responds to one of these addresses, it acts as a slave-receiver and
the IAAS bit is set after the address cycle. Software must read the Data register after the
first byte transfer to determine that the address is matched.
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43.4.4 System management bus specification
SMBus provides a control bus for system and power management related tasks. A system
can use SMBus to pass messages to and from devices instead of tripping individual
control lines.
Removing the individual control lines reduces pin count. Accepting messages ensures
future expandability. With the system management bus, a device can provide
manufacturer information, tell the system what its model/part number is, save its state for
a suspend event, report different types of errors, accept control parameters, and return its
status.
43.4.4.1 Timeouts
The TTIMEOUT,MIN parameter allows a master or slave to conclude that a defective device
is holding the clock low indefinitely or a master is intentionally trying to drive devices
off the bus. The slave device must release the bus (stop driving the bus and let SCL and
SDA float high) when it detects any single clock held low longer than TTIMEOUT,MIN.
Devices that have detected this condition must reset their communication and be able to
receive a new START condition within the timeframe of TTIMEOUT,MAX.
SMBus defines a clock low timeout, TTIMEOUT, of 35 ms, specifies TLOW:SEXT as the
cumulative clock low extend time for a slave device, and specifies TLOW:MEXT as the
cumulative clock low extend time for a master device.
43.4.4.1.1 SCL low timeout
If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is
possible. Furthermore, the master cannot force the SCL line high to correct the error
condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus protocol specifies that devices participating
in a transfer must detect any clock cycle held low longer than a timeout value condition.
Devices that have detected the timeout condition must reset the communication. When
the I2C module is an active master, if it detects that SMBCLK low has exceeded the
value of TTIMEOUT,MIN, it must generate a stop condition within or after the current data
byte in the transfer process. When the I2C module is a slave, if it detects the
TTIMEOUT,MIN condition, it resets its communication and is then able to receive a new
START condition.
Functional description
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43.4.4.1.2 SCL high timeout
When the I2C module has determined that the SMBCLK and SMBDAT signals have
been high for at least THIGH:MAX, it assumes that the bus is idle.
A HIGH timeout occurs after a START condition appears on the bus but before a STOP
condition appears on the bus. Any master detecting this scenario can assume the bus is
free when either of the following occurs:
• SHTF1 rises.
• The BUSY bit is high and SHTF1 is high.
When the SMBDAT signal is low and the SMBCLK signal is high for a period of time,
another kind of timeout occurs. The time period must be defined in software. SHTF2 is
used as the flag when the time limit is reached. This flag is also an interrupt resource, so
it triggers IICIF.
43.4.4.1.3 CSMBCLK TIMEOUT MEXT and CSMBCLK TIMEOUT SEXT
The following figure illustrates the definition of the timeout intervals TLOW:SEXT and
TLOW:MEXT. When in master mode, the I2C module must not cumulatively extend its
clock cycles for a period greater than TLOW:MEXT within a byte, where each byte is
defined as START-to-ACK, ACK-to-ACK, or ACK-to-STOP. When CSMBCLK
TIMEOUT MEXT occurs, SMBus MEXT rises and also triggers the SLTF.
Start LOW:SEXT
TStop
LOW:MEXT
TClkAck
LOW:MEXT
TClkAck
LOW:MEXT
T
SCL
SDA
Figure 43-4. Timeout measurement intervals
A master is allowed to abort the transaction in progress to any slave that violates the
TLOW:SEXT or TTIMEOUT,MIN specifications. To abort the transaction, the master issues a
STOP condition at the conclusion of the byte transfer in progress. When a slave, the I2C
module must not cumulatively extend its clock cycles for a period greater than
TLOW:SEXT during any message from the initial START to the STOP. When CSMBCLK
TIMEOUT SEXT occurs, SEXT rises and also triggers SLTF.
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NOTE
CSMBCLK TIMEOUT SEXT and CSMBCLK TIMEOUT
MEXT are optional functions that are implemented in the
second step.
43.4.4.2 FAST ACK and NACK
To improve reliability and communication robustness, implementation of packet error
checking (PEC) by SMBus devices is optional for SMBus devices but required for
devices participating in and only during the address resolution protocol (ARP) process.
The PEC is a CRC-8 error checking byte, calculated on all the message bytes. The PEC is
appended to the message by the device that supplied the last data byte. If the PEC is
present but not correct, a NACK is issued by the receiver. Otherwise an ACK is issued.
To calculate the CRC-8 by software, this module can hold the SCL line low after
receiving the eighth SCL (8th bit) if this byte is a data byte. So software can determine
whether an ACK or NACK should be sent to the bus by setting or clearing the TXAK bit
if the FACK (fast ACK/NACK enable) bit is enabled.
SMBus requires a device always to acknowledge its own address, as a mechanism to
detect the presence of a removable device (such as a battery or docking station) on the
bus. In addition to indicating a slave device busy condition, SMBus uses the NACK
mechanism to indicate the reception of an invalid command or invalid data. Because such
a condition may occur on the last byte of the transfer, SMBus devices are required to
have the ability to generate the not acknowledge after the transfer of each byte and before
the completion of the transaction. This requirement is important because SMBus does not
provide any other resend signaling. This difference in the use of the NACK signaling has
implications on the specific implementation of the SMBus port, especially in devices that
handle critical system data such as the SMBus host and the SBS components.
NOTE
In the last byte of master receive slave transmit mode, the
master must send a NACK to the bus, so FACK must be
switched off before the last byte transmits.
43.4.5 Resets
The I2C module is disabled after a reset. The I2C module cannot cause a core reset.
Functional description
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43.4.6 Interrupts
The I2C module generates an interrupt when any of the events in the table found here
occur, provided that the IICIE bit is set.
The interrupt is driven by the IICIF bit (of the I2C Status Register) and masked with the
IICIE bit (of the I2C Control Register 1). The IICIF bit must be cleared (by software) by
writing 1 to it in the interrupt routine. The SMBus timeouts interrupt is driven by SLTF
and masked with the IICIE bit. The SLTF bit must be cleared by software by writing 1 to
it in the interrupt routine. You can determine the interrupt type by reading the Status
Register.
NOTE
In master receive mode, the FACK bit must be set to zero
before the last byte transfer.
Table 43-5. Interrupt summary
Interrupt source Status Flag Local enable
Complete 1-byte transfer TCF IICIF IICIE
Match of received calling address IAAS IICIF IICIE
Arbitration lost ARBL IICIF IICIE
I2C bus stop detection STOPF IICIF IICIE & SSIE
I2C bus start detection STARTF IICIF IICIE & SSIE
SMBus SCL low timeout SLTF IICIF IICIE
SMBus SCL high SDA low timeout SHTF2 IICIF IICIE & SHTF2IE
Wakeup from stop or wait mode IAAS IICIF IICIE & WUEN
43.4.6.1 Byte transfer interrupt
The Transfer Complete Flag (TCF) bit is set at the falling edge of the ninth clock to
indicate the completion of a byte and acknowledgement transfer. When FACK is enabled,
TCF is then set at the falling edge of eighth clock to indicate the completion of byte.
43.4.6.2 Address detect interrupt
When the calling address matches the programmed slave address (I2C Address Register)
or when the GCAEN bit is set and a general call is received, the IAAS bit in the Status
Register is set. The CPU is interrupted, provided the IICIE bit is set. The CPU must
check the SRW bit and set its Tx mode accordingly.
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43.4.6.3 Stop Detect Interrupt
When the stop status is detected on the I2C bus, the STOPF bit is set to 1. The CPU is
interrupted, provided the IICIE and SSIE bits are both set to 1.
43.4.6.4 Exit from low-power/stop modes
The slave receive input detect circuit and address matching feature are still active on low
power modes (wait and stop). An asynchronous input matching slave address or general
call address brings the CPU out of low power/stop mode if the interrupt is not masked.
Therefore, TCF and IAAS both can trigger this interrupt.
43.4.6.5 Arbitration lost interrupt
The I2C is a true multimaster bus that allows more than one master to be connected on it.
If two or more masters try to control the bus at the same time, the relative priority of the
contending masters is determined by a data arbitration procedure. The I2C module asserts
the arbitration-lost interrupt when it loses the data arbitration process and the ARBL bit
in the Status Register is set.
Arbitration is lost in the following circumstances:
1. SDA is sampled as low when the master drives high during an address or data
transmit cycle.
2. SDA is sampled as low when the master drives high during the acknowledge bit of a
data receive cycle.
3. A START cycle is attempted when the bus is busy.
4. A repeated START cycle is requested in slave mode.
5. A STOP condition is detected when the master did not request it.
The ARBL bit must be cleared (by software) by writing 1 to it.
Functional description
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43.4.6.6 Timeout interrupt in SMBus
When the IICIE bit is set, the I2C module asserts a timeout interrupt (outputs SLTF and
SHTF2) upon detection of any of the mentioned timeout conditions, with one exception.
The SCL high and SDA high TIMEOUT mechanism must not be used to influence the
timeout interrupt output, because this timeout indicates an idle condition on the bus.
SHTF1 rises when it matches the SCL high and SDA high TIMEOUT and falls
automatically just to indicate the bus status. The SHTF2's timeout period is the same as
that of SHTF1, which is short compared to that of SLTF, so another control bit,
SHTF2IE, is added to enable or disable it.
43.4.7 Programmable input glitch filter
An I2C glitch filter has been added outside legacy I2C modules but within the I2C
package. This filter can absorb glitches on the I2C clock and data lines for the I2C
module.
The width of the glitch to absorb can be specified in terms of the number of (half) I2C
module clock cycles. A single Programmable Input Glitch Filter control register is
provided. Effectively, any down-up-down or up-down-up transition on the data line that
occurs within the number of clock cycles programmed in this register is ignored by the
I2C module. The programmer must specify the size of the glitch (in terms of I2C module
clock cycles) for the filter to absorb and not pass.
SCL, SDA
external signals
DFF
Noise
suppress
circuits
SCL, SDA
internal signals
DFF DFF DFF
Figure 43-5. Programmable input glitch filter diagram
43.4.8 Address matching wake-up
When a primary, range, or general call address match occurs when the I2C module is in
slave receive mode, the MCU wakes from a low power mode where no peripheral bus is
running.
After the address matching IAAS bit is set, an interrupt is sent at the end of address
matching to wake the core.
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NOTE
In Stop mode, the I2C module supports slave receive mode
only. To avoid I2C bus conflicts during wakeup from Stop
mode, software must ensure the following before entering Stop
mode:
• I2C data transfers have completed.
• The I2C module is in slave receive mode (C1[MST]=0,
C1[TX]=0).
NOTE
During the wake-up process, if an external master continues to
send data to the slave, the baud rate under Stop mode must be
less than 50 kbit/s. To avoid the slower baud rate under Stop
mode, the master can add a short delay in firmware to wait until
the wake-up process is complete and then send data.
NOTE
Wake-up caused by an address match is not supported for
SMBus mode.
NOTE
After I2C address matching wake-up, the master must wait a
time long enough for the slave ISR to finish running and resend
start or repeat start signals.
For the SRW bit to function properly, it only supports Address
+Write to wake up by I2C address matching. Before entering
the next low power mode, Address+Write must be sent to
change the SRW status.
43.4.9 DMA support
If the DMAEN bit is cleared and the IICIE bit is set, an interrupt condition generates an
interrupt request.
If the DMAEN bit is set and the IICIE bit is set, an interrupt condition generates a DMA
request instead. DMA requests are generated by the transfer complete flag (TCF).
If the DMAEN bit is set, only the TCF initiates a DMA request. All other events generate
CPU interrupts.
Functional description
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NOTE
Before the last byte of master receive mode, TXAK must be set
to send a NACK after the last byte's transfer. Therefore, the
DMA must be disabled before the last byte's transfer.
NOTE
In 10-bit address mode transmission, the addresses to send
occupy 2–3 bytes. During this transfer period, the DMA must
be disabled because the C1 register is written to send a repeat
start or to change the transfer direction.
43.5 Initialization/application information
Module Initialization (Slave)
1. Write: Control Register 2
• to enable or disable general call
• to select 10-bit or 7-bit addressing mode
2. Write: Address Register 1 to set the slave address
3. Write: Control Register 1 to enable the I2C module and interrupts
4. Initialize RAM variables (IICEN = 1 and IICIE = 1) for transmit data
5. Initialize RAM variables used to achieve the routine shown in the following figure
Module Initialization (Master)
1. Write: Frequency Divider register to set the I2C baud rate (see example in
description of ICR)
2. Write: Control Register 1 to enable the I2C module and interrupts
3. Initialize RAM variables (IICEN = 1 and IICIE = 1) for transmit data
4. Initialize RAM variables used to achieve the routine shown in the following figure
5. Write: Control Register 1 to enable TX
6. Write: Control Register 1 to enable MST (master mode)
7. Write: Data register with the address of the target slave (the LSB of this byte
determines whether the communication is master receive or transmit)
The routine shown in the following figure encompasses both master and slave I2C
operations. For slave operation, an incoming I2C message that contains the proper
address begins I2C communication. For master operation, communication must be
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initiated by writing the Data register. An example of an I2C driver which implements
many of the steps described here is available in AN4342: Using the Inter-Integrated
Circuit on ColdFire+ and Kinetis .
Initialization/application information
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Master
mode?
Tx/Rx? Arbitration
lost?
IAAS=1?
Tx/Rx?
ACK from
receiver?
SRW=1?
IAAS=1?
Clear ARBL
2nd to
last byte to be
read?
Last byte
to be read?
RXAK=0?
Last byte
transmitted?
End of
address cycle
(master Rx)?
Write next
byte to Data reg Set TXAK Generate stop
signal (MST=0)
Write data
to Data reg
Set Tx mode
Transmit
next byte
Read data from
Data reg
and store
Switch to
Rx mode
Set Rx mode
Switch to
Rx mode
Dummy read
from Data reg
Generate stop
signal (MST=0)
Read data from
Data reg
and store Dummy read
from Data reg
Dummy read
from Data reg
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
YY
Y (read)
N (write)
N
Y
RxTx
Rx
Tx
Y
N
Address transfer
see note 1
Data transfer
see note 2
N
Y
Y
Y
Notes:
1. If general call is enabled, check to determine if the received address is a general call address (0x00).
If the received address is a general call address, the general call must be handled by user software.
2. When 10-bit addressing addresses a slave, the slave sees an interrupt following the first byte of the extended address.
Ensure that for this interrupt, the contents of the Data register are ignored and not treated as a valid data transfer.
Is STOPF
set?
N
Y
Is STARTF
set?
Y
N
Entry of ISR
Clear STARTF
Clear IICIF
Log Start Count++
Clear IICIF
Is this a Repeated-START
(Start Count > 1)?
N
Y
RTI
Clear STOPF
Clear IICIF
Zero Start Count
Multiple
addresses?
Y
Read Address from
Data register
and store
N
Figure 43-6. Typical I2C interrupt routine
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Master
mode?
Tx/Rx? Arbitration
lost?
IAAS=1?
Tx/Rx?
ACK from
receiver?
SRW=1?
IAAS=1?
Clear ARBL
2nd to
last byte to be
read?
Last byte
to be read?
RXAK=0?
Last byte
transmitted?
End of
address cycle
(master Rx)?
Write next
byte to Data reg
Generate stop
signal (MST=0)
Read data from
Data reg
and soft CRC
Transmit
next byte
RTI
Switch to
Rx mode
Switch to
Rx mode
Dummy read
from Data reg
Generate stop
signal (MST=0)
Read data from
Data reg
and store
Read data from
Data reg
and store (note 3)
Dummy read
from Data reg
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
(read)
N (write)
N
Y
RxTx
Rx
Tx
Y
N
Address transfer
(see note 1)
N
Y
Y
Y
SLTF=1 or
SHTF2=1?
N
Y
Clear IICIF
FACK=1?
N
Y
See typical I2C
interrupt routine
flow chart
Set TXAK to
proper value
Clear IICIF
Set Tx mode
Write data
to Data reg
Clear IICIF
Notes:
1. If general call or SIICAEN is enabled, check to determine if the received address is a general call address (0x00) or an SMBus
device default address. In either case, they must be handled by user software.
2. In receive mode, one bit time delay may be needed before the first and second data reading, to wait for the possible longest time
period (in worst case) of the 9th SCL cycle.
3. This read is a dummy read in order to reset the SMBus receiver state machine.
Clear IICIF
Read data from
Data reg
and soft CRC
Read data from
Data reg
and soft CRC
Set TXAK=1,
Clear FACK=0
Read data and
Soft CRC
Set TXAK to
proper value
Delay (note 2)
Delay (note 2)
Delay (note 2)
Entry of ISR
Delay (note 2)
Set TXAK to
proper value,
Clear IICIF
Set TXAK to
proper value,
Clear IICIF
Figure 43-7. Typical I2C SMBus interrupt routine
Initialization/application information
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Chapter 44
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
(UART)
44.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The UART allows asynchronous serial communication with peripheral devices and
CPUs.
44.1.1 Features
The UART includes the following features:
• Full-duplex operation
• Standard mark/space non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format
• Selectable IrDA 1.4 return-to-zero-inverted (RZI) format with programmable pulse
width
• 13-bit baud rate selection with /32 fractional divide, based on the module clock
frequency
• Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit data format
• Separately enabled transmitter and receiver
• Programmable transmitter output polarity
• Programmable receive input polarity
• Up to 14-bit break character transmission.
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• 11-bit break character detection option
• Two receiver wakeup methods:
• Idle line wakeup
• Address mark wakeup
• Address match feature in the receiver to reduce address mark wakeup ISR overhead
• Ability to select MSB or LSB to be first bit on wire
• Hardware flow control support for request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS)
signals
• Support for ISO 7816 protocol to interface with SIM cards and smart cards
• Support for T=0 and T=1 protocols
• Automatic retransmission of NACK'd packets with programmable retry
threshold
• Support for 11 and 12 ETU transfers
• Detection of initial packet and automated transfer parameter programming
• Interrupt-driven operation with seven ISO-7816 specific interrupts:
• Wait time violated
• Character wait time violated
• Block wait time violated
• Initial frame detected
• Transmit error threshold exceeded
• Receive error threshold exceeded
• Guard time violated
• Interrupt-driven operation with flags, not specific to ISO-7816 support
• Transmitter data buffer at or below watermark
• Transmission complete
• Receiver data buffer at or above watermark
• Idle receiver input
• Receiver data buffer overrun
Introduction
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• Noise error
• Framing error
• Parity error
• Active edge on receive pin
• LIN break detect
• Receiver framing error detection
• Hardware parity generation and checking
• 1/16 bit-time noise detection
• DMA interface
44.1.2 Modes of operation
The UART functions in the same way in all the normal modes.
It has the following low power modes:
• Wait mode
• Stop mode
44.1.2.1 Run mode
This is the normal mode of operation.
44.1.2.2 Wait mode
UART operation in the Wait mode depends on the state of the C1[UARTSWAI] field.
• If C1[UARTSWAI] is cleared, and the CPU is in Wait mode, the UART operates
normally.
• If C1[UARTSWAI] is set, and the CPU is in Wait mode, the UART clock generation
ceases and the UART module enters a power conservation state.
C1[UARTSWAI] does not initiate any power down or power up procedures for the
ISO-7816 smartcard interface.
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Setting C1[UARTSWAI] does not affect the state of the C2[RE] or C2[TE].
If C1[UARTSWAI] is set, any ongoing transmission or reception stops at the Wait mode
entry. The transmission or reception resumes when either an internal or external interrupt
brings the CPU out of Wait mode. Bringing the CPU out of Wait mode by reset aborts
any ongoing transmission or reception and resets the UART.
44.1.2.3 Stop mode
The UART is inactive during Stop mode for reduced power consumption. The STOP
instruction does not affect the UART register states, but the UART module clock is
disabled. The UART operation resumes after an external interrupt brings the CPU out of
Stop mode. Bringing the CPU out of Stop mode by reset aborts any ongoing transmission
or reception and resets the UART. Entering or leaving Stop mode does not initiate any
power down or power up procedures for the ISO-7816 smartcard interface.
44.2 UART signal descriptions
The UART signals are shown in the following table.
Table 44-1. UART signal descriptions
Signal Description I/O
CTS Clear to send I
RTS Request to send O
RXD Receive data I
TXD Transmit data O
44.2.1 Detailed signal descriptions
The detailed signal descriptions of the UART are shown in the following table.
Table 44-2. UART—Detailed signal descriptions
Signal I/O Description
CTS I Clear to send. Indicates whether the UART can start transmitting data when flow control is
enabled.
State meaning Asserted—Data transmission can start.
Negated—Data transmission cannot start.
Timing Assertion—When transmitting device's RTS asserts.
Table continues on the next page...
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Table 44-2. UART—Detailed signal descriptions (continued)
Signal I/O Description
Negation—When transmitting device's RTS deasserts.
RTS O Request to send. When driven by the receiver, indicates whether the UART is ready to
receive data. When driven by the transmitter, can enable an external transceiver during
transmission.
State
meaning
Asserted—When driven by the receiver, ready to receive data. When
driven by the transmitter, enable the external transmitter.
Negated—When driven by the receiver, not ready to receive data. When
driven by the transmitter, disable the external transmitter.
Timing Assertion—Can occur at any time; can assert asynchronously to the other
input signals.
Negation—Can occur at any time; can deassert asynchronously to the
other input signals.
RXD I Receive data. Serial data input to receiver.
State meaning Whether RXD is interpreted as a 1 or 0 depends on the bit encoding
method along with other configuration settings.
Timing Sampled at a frequency determined by the module clock divided by the
baud rate.
TXD O Transmit data. Serial data output from transmitter.
State meaning Whether TXD is interpreted as a 1 or 0 depends on the bit encoding
method along with other configuration settings.
Timing Driven at the beginning or within a bit time according to the bit encoding
method along with other configuration settings. Otherwise, transmissions
are independent of reception timing.
44.3 Memory map and registers
This section provides a detailed description of all memory and registers.
Accessing reserved addresses within the memory map results in a transfer error. None of
the contents of the implemented addresses are modified as a result of that access.
Only byte accesses are supported.
UART memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_A000 UART Baud Rate Registers: High (UART0_BDH) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.1/1112
4006_A001 UART Baud Rate Registers: Low (UART0_BDL) 8 R/W 04h 44.3.2/1113
4006_A002 UART Control Register 1 (UART0_C1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.3/1114
4006_A003 UART Control Register 2 (UART0_C2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.4/1115
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1107
UART memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_A004 UART Status Register 1 (UART0_S1) 8 R C0h 44.3.5/1117
4006_A005 UART Status Register 2 (UART0_S2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.6/1120
4006_A006 UART Control Register 3 (UART0_C3) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.7/1122
4006_A007 UART Data Register (UART0_D) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.8/1123
4006_A008 UART Match Address Registers 1 (UART0_MA1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.9/1124
4006_A009 UART Match Address Registers 2 (UART0_MA2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.10/
1125
4006_A00A UART Control Register 4 (UART0_C4) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.11/
1125
4006_A00B UART Control Register 5 (UART0_C5) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.12/
1126
4006_A00C UART Extended Data Register (UART0_ED) 8 R 00h 44.3.13/
1127
4006_A00D UART Modem Register (UART0_MODEM) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.14/
1128
4006_A00E UART Infrared Register (UART0_IR) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.15/
1129
4006_A010 UART FIFO Parameters (UART0_PFIFO) 8 R/W See section 44.3.16/
1130
4006_A011 UART FIFO Control Register (UART0_CFIFO) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.17/
1131
4006_A012 UART FIFO Status Register (UART0_SFIFO) 8 R/W C0h 44.3.18/
1132
4006_A013 UART FIFO Transmit Watermark (UART0_TWFIFO) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.19/
1133
4006_A014 UART FIFO Transmit Count (UART0_TCFIFO) 8 R 00h 44.3.20/
1134
4006_A015 UART FIFO Receive Watermark (UART0_RWFIFO) 8 R/W 01h 44.3.21/
1134
4006_A016 UART FIFO Receive Count (UART0_RCFIFO) 8 R 00h 44.3.22/
1135
4006_A018 UART 7816 Control Register (UART0_C7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.23/
1135
4006_A019 UART 7816 Interrupt Enable Register (UART0_IE7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.24/
1137
4006_A01A UART 7816 Interrupt Status Register (UART0_IS7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.25/
1138
4006_A01B UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register (UART0_WP7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.26/
1140
4006_A01C UART 7816 Wait N Register (UART0_WN7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.27/
1140
4006_A01D UART 7816 Wait FD Register (UART0_WF7816) 8 R/W 01h 44.3.28/
1141
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and registers
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
1108 NXP Semiconductors
UART memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_A01E UART 7816 Error Threshold Register (UART0_ET7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.29/
1141
4006_A01F UART 7816 Transmit Length Register (UART0_TL7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.30/
1142
4006_A03A UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register A
(UART0_AP7816A_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.31/
1142
4006_A03B UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register B
(UART0_AP7816B_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.32/
1143
4006_A03C UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A
(UART0_WP7816A_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.33/
1144
4006_A03C UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A
(UART0_WP7816A_T1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.34/
1144
4006_A03D UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B
(UART0_WP7816B_T0) 8 R/W 14h 44.3.35/
1145
4006_A03D UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B
(UART0_WP7816B_T1) 8 R/W 14h 44.3.36/
1145
4006_A03E UART 7816 Wait and Guard Parameter Register
(UART0_WGP7816_T1) 8 R/W 06h 44.3.37/
1146
4006_A03F UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register C
(UART0_WP7816C_T1) 8 R/W 0Bh 44.3.38/
1146
4006_B000 UART Baud Rate Registers: High (UART1_BDH) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.1/1112
4006_B001 UART Baud Rate Registers: Low (UART1_BDL) 8 R/W 04h 44.3.2/1113
4006_B002 UART Control Register 1 (UART1_C1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.3/1114
4006_B003 UART Control Register 2 (UART1_C2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.4/1115
4006_B004 UART Status Register 1 (UART1_S1) 8 R C0h 44.3.5/1117
4006_B005 UART Status Register 2 (UART1_S2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.6/1120
4006_B006 UART Control Register 3 (UART1_C3) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.7/1122
4006_B007 UART Data Register (UART1_D) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.8/1123
4006_B008 UART Match Address Registers 1 (UART1_MA1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.9/1124
4006_B009 UART Match Address Registers 2 (UART1_MA2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.10/
1125
4006_B00A UART Control Register 4 (UART1_C4) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.11/
1125
4006_B00B UART Control Register 5 (UART1_C5) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.12/
1126
4006_B00C UART Extended Data Register (UART1_ED) 8 R 00h 44.3.13/
1127
4006_B00D UART Modem Register (UART1_MODEM) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.14/
1128
4006_B00E UART Infrared Register (UART1_IR) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.15/
1129
4006_B010 UART FIFO Parameters (UART1_PFIFO) 8 R/W See section 44.3.16/
1130
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1109
UART memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_B011 UART FIFO Control Register (UART1_CFIFO) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.17/
1131
4006_B012 UART FIFO Status Register (UART1_SFIFO) 8 R/W C0h 44.3.18/
1132
4006_B013 UART FIFO Transmit Watermark (UART1_TWFIFO) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.19/
1133
4006_B014 UART FIFO Transmit Count (UART1_TCFIFO) 8 R 00h 44.3.20/
1134
4006_B015 UART FIFO Receive Watermark (UART1_RWFIFO) 8 R/W 01h 44.3.21/
1134
4006_B016 UART FIFO Receive Count (UART1_RCFIFO) 8 R 00h 44.3.22/
1135
4006_B018 UART 7816 Control Register (UART1_C7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.23/
1135
4006_B019 UART 7816 Interrupt Enable Register (UART1_IE7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.24/
1137
4006_B01A UART 7816 Interrupt Status Register (UART1_IS7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.25/
1138
4006_B01B UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register (UART1_WP7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.26/
1140
4006_B01C UART 7816 Wait N Register (UART1_WN7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.27/
1140
4006_B01D UART 7816 Wait FD Register (UART1_WF7816) 8 R/W 01h 44.3.28/
1141
4006_B01E UART 7816 Error Threshold Register (UART1_ET7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.29/
1141
4006_B01F UART 7816 Transmit Length Register (UART1_TL7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.30/
1142
4006_B03A UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register A
(UART1_AP7816A_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.31/
1142
4006_B03B UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register B
(UART1_AP7816B_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.32/
1143
4006_B03C UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A
(UART1_WP7816A_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.33/
1144
4006_B03C UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A
(UART1_WP7816A_T1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.34/
1144
4006_B03D UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B
(UART1_WP7816B_T0) 8 R/W 14h 44.3.35/
1145
4006_B03D UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B
(UART1_WP7816B_T1) 8 R/W 14h 44.3.36/
1145
4006_B03E UART 7816 Wait and Guard Parameter Register
(UART1_WGP7816_T1) 8 R/W 06h 44.3.37/
1146
4006_B03F UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register C
(UART1_WP7816C_T1) 8 R/W 0Bh 44.3.38/
1146
Memory map and registers
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
1110 NXP Semiconductors
UART memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_C000 UART Baud Rate Registers: High (UART2_BDH) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.1/1112
4006_C001 UART Baud Rate Registers: Low (UART2_BDL) 8 R/W 04h 44.3.2/1113
4006_C002 UART Control Register 1 (UART2_C1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.3/1114
4006_C003 UART Control Register 2 (UART2_C2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.4/1115
4006_C004 UART Status Register 1 (UART2_S1) 8 R C0h 44.3.5/1117
4006_C005 UART Status Register 2 (UART2_S2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.6/1120
4006_C006 UART Control Register 3 (UART2_C3) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.7/1122
4006_C007 UART Data Register (UART2_D) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.8/1123
4006_C008 UART Match Address Registers 1 (UART2_MA1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.9/1124
4006_C009 UART Match Address Registers 2 (UART2_MA2) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.10/
1125
4006_C00A UART Control Register 4 (UART2_C4) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.11/
1125
4006_C00B UART Control Register 5 (UART2_C5) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.12/
1126
4006_C00C UART Extended Data Register (UART2_ED) 8 R 00h 44.3.13/
1127
4006_C00D UART Modem Register (UART2_MODEM) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.14/
1128
4006_C00E UART Infrared Register (UART2_IR) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.15/
1129
4006_C010 UART FIFO Parameters (UART2_PFIFO) 8 R/W See section 44.3.16/
1130
4006_C011 UART FIFO Control Register (UART2_CFIFO) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.17/
1131
4006_C012 UART FIFO Status Register (UART2_SFIFO) 8 R/W C0h 44.3.18/
1132
4006_C013 UART FIFO Transmit Watermark (UART2_TWFIFO) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.19/
1133
4006_C014 UART FIFO Transmit Count (UART2_TCFIFO) 8 R 00h 44.3.20/
1134
4006_C015 UART FIFO Receive Watermark (UART2_RWFIFO) 8 R/W 01h 44.3.21/
1134
4006_C016 UART FIFO Receive Count (UART2_RCFIFO) 8 R 00h 44.3.22/
1135
4006_C018 UART 7816 Control Register (UART2_C7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.23/
1135
4006_C019 UART 7816 Interrupt Enable Register (UART2_IE7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.24/
1137
4006_C01A UART 7816 Interrupt Status Register (UART2_IS7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.25/
1138
4006_C01B UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register (UART2_WP7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.26/
1140
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1111
UART memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4006_C01C UART 7816 Wait N Register (UART2_WN7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.27/
1140
4006_C01D UART 7816 Wait FD Register (UART2_WF7816) 8 R/W 01h 44.3.28/
1141
4006_C01E UART 7816 Error Threshold Register (UART2_ET7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.29/
1141
4006_C01F UART 7816 Transmit Length Register (UART2_TL7816) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.30/
1142
4006_C03A UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register A
(UART2_AP7816A_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.31/
1142
4006_C03B UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register B
(UART2_AP7816B_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.32/
1143
4006_C03C UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A
(UART2_WP7816A_T0) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.33/
1144
4006_C03C UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A
(UART2_WP7816A_T1) 8 R/W 00h 44.3.34/
1144
4006_C03D UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B
(UART2_WP7816B_T0) 8 R/W 14h 44.3.35/
1145
4006_C03D UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B
(UART2_WP7816B_T1) 8 R/W 14h 44.3.36/
1145
4006_C03E UART 7816 Wait and Guard Parameter Register
(UART2_WGP7816_T1) 8 R/W 06h 44.3.37/
1146
4006_C03F UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register C
(UART2_WP7816C_T1) 8 R/W 0Bh 44.3.38/
1146
44.3.1 UART Baud Rate Registers: High (UARTx_BDH)
This register, along with the BDL register, controls the prescale divisor for UART baud
rate generation. To update the 13-bit baud rate setting (SBR[12:0]), first write to BDH to
buffer the high half of the new value and then write to BDL. The working value in BDH
does not change until BDL is written.
BDL is reset to a nonzero value, but after reset, the baud rate generator remains disabled
until the first time the receiver or transmitter is enabled, that is, when C2[RE] or C2[TE]
is set.
Address: Base address + 0h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LBKDIE RXEDGIE 0SBR
Write
Reset 00000000
Memory map and registers
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
1112 NXP Semiconductors
UARTx_BDH field descriptions
Field Description
7
LBKDIE
LIN Break Detect Interrupt Enable
Enables the LIN break detect flag, LBKDIF, to generate interrupt requests,
0 LBKDIF interrupt requests disabled.
1LBKDIF interrupt requests enabled.
6
RXEDGIE
RxD Input Active Edge Interrupt Enable
Enables the receive input active edge, RXEDGIF, to generate interrupt requests.
0 Hardware interrupts from RXEDGIF disabled using polling.
1 RXEDGIF interrupt request enabled.
5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
SBR UART Baud Rate Bits
The baud rate for the UART is determined by the 13 SBR fields. See Baud rate generation for details.
NOTE: • The baud rate generator is disabled until C2[TE] or C2[RE] is set for the first time after
reset.The baud rate generator is disabled when SBR = 0.
• Writing to BDH has no effect without writing to BDL, because writing to BDH puts the data
in a temporary location until BDL is written.
44.3.2 UART Baud Rate Registers: Low (UARTx_BDL)
This register, along with the BDH register, controls the prescale divisor for UART baud
rate generation. To update the 13-bit baud rate setting, SBR[12:0], first write to BDH to
buffer the high half of the new value and then write to BDL. The working value in BDH
does not change until BDL is written. BDL is reset to a nonzero value, but after reset, the
baud rate generator remains disabled until the first time the receiver or transmitter is
enabled, that is, when C2[RE] or C2[TE] is set.
Address: Base address + 1h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read SBR
Write
Reset 00000100
UARTx_BDL field descriptions
Field Description
SBR UART Baud Rate Bits
The baud rate for the UART is determined by the 13 SBR fields. See Baud rate generation for details.
NOTE: • The baud rate generator is disabled until C2[TE] or C2[RE] is set for the first time after
reset.The baud rate generator is disabled when SBR = 0.
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1113
UARTx_BDL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
• Writing to BDH has no effect without writing to BDL, because writing to BDH puts the data
in a temporary location until BDL is written.
• When the 1/32 narrow pulse width is selected for infrared (IrDA), the baud rate fields must
be even, the least significant bit is 0. See MODEM register for more details.
44.3.3 UART Control Register 1 (UARTx_C1)
This read/write register controls various optional features of the UART system.
Address: Base address + 2h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LOOPS UARTSWAI RSRC M WAKE ILT PE PT
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_C1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
LOOPS
Loop Mode Select
When LOOPS is set, the RxD pin is disconnected from the UART and the transmitter output is internally
connected to the receiver input. The transmitter and the receiver must be enabled to use the loop function.
0 Normal operation.
1 Loop mode where transmitter output is internally connected to receiver input. The receiver input is
determined by RSRC.
6
UARTSWAI
UART Stops in Wait Mode
0 UART clock continues to run in Wait mode.
1 UART clock freezes while CPU is in Wait mode.
5
RSRC
Receiver Source Select
This field has no meaning or effect unless the LOOPS field is set. When LOOPS is set, the RSRC field
determines the source for the receiver shift register input.
0 Selects internal loop back mode. The receiver input is internally connected to transmitter output.
1 Single wire UART mode where the receiver input is connected to the transmit pin input signal.
4
M
9-bit or 8-bit Mode Select
This field must be set when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
0 Normal—start + 8 data bits (MSB/LSB first as determined by MSBF) + stop.
1 Use—start + 9 data bits (MSB/LSB first as determined by MSBF) + stop.
3
WAKE
Receiver Wakeup Method Select
Determines which condition wakes the UART:
• Address mark in the most significant bit position of a received data character, or
• An idle condition on the receive pin input signal.
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and registers
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
1114 NXP Semiconductors
UARTx_C1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Idle line wakeup.
1 Address mark wakeup.
2
ILT
Idle Line Type Select
Determines when the receiver starts counting logic 1s as idle character bits. The count begins either after
a valid start bit or after the stop bit. If the count begins after the start bit, then a string of logic 1s preceding
the stop bit can cause false recognition of an idle character. Beginning the count after the stop bit avoids
false idle character recognition, but requires properly synchronized transmissions.
NOTE: • In case the UART is programmed with ILT = 1, a logic of 1'b0 is automatically shifted after a
received stop bit, therefore resetting the idle count.
• In case the UART is programmed for IDLE line wakeup (RWU = 1 and WAKE = 0), ILT has
no effect on when the receiver starts counting logic 1s as idle character bits. In idle line
wakeup, an idle character is recognized at anytime the receiver sees 10, 11, or 12 1s
depending on the M, PE, and C4[M10] fields.
0 Idle character bit count starts after start bit.
1 Idle character bit count starts after stop bit.
1
PE
Parity Enable
Enables the parity function. When parity is enabled, parity function inserts a parity bit in the bit position
immediately preceding the stop bit. This field must be set when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
0 Parity function disabled.
1 Parity function enabled.
0
PT
Parity Type
Determines whether the UART generates and checks for even parity or odd parity. With even parity, an
even number of 1s clears the parity bit and an odd number of 1s sets the parity bit. With odd parity, an odd
number of 1s clears the parity bit and an even number of 1s sets the parity bit. This field must be cleared
when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
0 Even parity.
1 Odd parity.
44.3.4 UART Control Register 2 (UARTx_C2)
This register can be read or written at any time.
Address: Base address + 3h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TIE TCIE RIE ILIE TE RE RWU SBK
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_C2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
TIE
Transmitter Interrupt or DMA Transfer Enable.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1115
UARTx_C2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Enables S1[TDRE] to generate interrupt requests or DMA transfer requests, based on the state of
C5[TDMAS].
NOTE: If C2[TIE] and C5[TDMAS] are both set, then TCIE must be cleared, and D[D] must not be written
unless servicing a DMA request.
0 TDRE interrupt and DMA transfer requests disabled.
1 TDRE interrupt or DMA transfer requests enabled.
6
TCIE
Transmission Complete Interrupt Enable
Enables the transmission complete flag, S1[TC], to generate interrupt requests .
0 TC interrupt requests disabled.
1TC interrupt requests enabled.
5
RIE
Receiver Full Interrupt or DMA Transfer Enable
Enables S1[RDRF] to generate interrupt requests or DMA transfer requests, based on the state of
C5[RDMAS].
0 RDRF interrupt and DMA transfer requests disabled.
1 RDRF interrupt or DMA transfer requests enabled.
4
ILIE
Idle Line Interrupt Enable
Enables the idle line flag, S1[IDLE], to generate interrupt requests
0 IDLE interrupt requests disabled.
1 IDLE interrupt requests enabled.
3
TE
Transmitter Enable
Enables the UART transmitter. TE can be used to queue an idle preamble by clearing and then setting TE.
When C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled and C7816[TTYPE] = 1, this field is automatically cleared after
the requested block has been transmitted. This condition is detected when TL7816[TLEN] = 0 and four
additional characters are transmitted.
0 Transmitter off.
1 Transmitter on.
2
RE
Receiver Enable
Enables the UART receiver.
0 Receiver off.
1 Receiver on.
1
RWU
Receiver Wakeup Control
This field can be set to place the UART receiver in a standby state. RWU automatically clears when an
RWU event occurs, that is, an IDLE event when C1[WAKE] is clear or an address match when C1[WAKE]
is set. This field must be cleared when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set.
NOTE: RWU must be set only with C1[WAKE] = 0 (wakeup on idle) if the channel is currently not idle.
This can be determined by S2[RAF]. If the flag is set to wake up an IDLE event and the channel
is already idle, it is possible that the UART will discard data. This is because the data must be
received or a LIN break detected after an IDLE is detected before IDLE is allowed to reasserted.
Table continues on the next page...
Memory map and registers
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
1116 NXP Semiconductors
UARTx_C2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Normal operation.
1 RWU enables the wakeup function and inhibits further receiver interrupt requests. Normally, hardware
wakes the receiver by automatically clearing RWU.
0
SBK
Send Break
Toggling SBK sends one break character from the following: See Transmitting break characters for the
number of logic 0s for the different configurations. Toggling implies clearing the SBK field before the break
character has finished transmitting. As long as SBK is set, the transmitter continues to send complete
break characters (10, 11, or 12 bits, or 13 or 14 bits). Ensure that C2[TE] is asserted atleast 1 clock before
assertion of this bit.
• 10, 11, or 12 logic 0s if S2[BRK13] is cleared
• 13 or 14 logic 0s if S2[BRK13] is set.
This field must be cleared when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set.
0 Normal transmitter operation.
1 Queue break characters to be sent.
44.3.5 UART Status Register 1 (UARTx_S1)
The S1 register provides inputs to the MCU for generation of UART interrupts or DMA
requests. This register can also be polled by the MCU to check the status of its fields. To
clear a flag, the status register should be read followed by a read or write to D register,
depending on the interrupt flag type. Other instructions can be executed between the two
steps as long the handling of I/O is not compromised, but the order of operations is
important for flag clearing. When a flag is configured to trigger a DMA request, assertion
of the associated DMA done signal from the DMA controller clears the flag.
NOTE
• If the condition that results in the assertion of the flag,
interrupt, or DMA request is not resolved prior to clearing
the flag, the flag, and interrupt/DMA request, reasserts. For
example, if the DMA or interrupt service routine fails to
write sufficient data to the transmit buffer to raise it above
the watermark level, the flag reasserts and generates
another interrupt or DMA request.
• Reading an empty data register to clear one of the flags of
the S1 register causes the FIFO pointers to become
misaligned. A receive FIFO flush reinitializes the pointers.
A better way to prevent this situation is to always leave one
byte in FIFO and this byte will be read eventually in
clearing the flag bit.
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
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NXP Semiconductors 1117
Address: Base address + 4h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TDRE TC RDRF IDLE OR NF FE PF
Write
Reset 11000000
UARTx_S1 field descriptions
Field Description
7
TDRE
Transmit Data Register Empty Flag
TDRE will set when the number of datawords in the transmit buffer (D and C3[T8])is equal to or less than
the number indicated by TWFIFO[TXWATER]. A character that is in the process of being transmitted is not
included in the count. To clear TDRE, read S1 when TDRE is set and then write to the UART data register
(D). For more efficient interrupt servicing, all data except the final value to be written to the buffer must be
written to D/C3[T8]. Then S1 can be read before writing the final data value, resulting in the clearing of the
TRDE flag. This is more efficient because the TDRE reasserts until the watermark has been exceeded.
So, attempting to clear the TDRE with every write will be ineffective until sufficient data has been written.
0 The amount of data in the transmit buffer is greater than the value indicated by TWFIFO[TXWATER].
1 The amount of data in the transmit buffer is less than or equal to the value indicated by
TWFIFO[TXWATER] at some point in time since the flag has been cleared.
6
TC
Transmit Complete Flag
TC is set when the transmit buffer is empty and no data, preamble, or break character is being
transmitted. When TC is set, the transmit data output signal becomes idle (logic 1). TC is cleared by
reading S1 with TC set and then doing one of the following: When C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled, this
field is set after any NACK signal has been received, but prior to any corresponding guard times expiring.
• Writing to D to transmit new data.
• Queuing a preamble by clearing and then setting C2[TE].
• Queuing a break character by writing 1 to SBK in C2.
0 Transmitter active (sending data, a preamble, or a break).
1 Transmitter idle (transmission activity complete).
5
RDRF
Receive Data Register Full Flag
RDRF is set when the number of datawords in the receive buffer is equal to or more than the number
indicated by RWFIFO[RXWATER]. A dataword that is in the process of being received is not included in
the count. To clear RDRF, read S1 when RDRF is set and then read D. For more efficient interrupt and
DMA operation, read all data except the final value from the buffer, using D/C3[T8]/ED. Then read S1 and
the final data value, resulting in the clearing of the RDRF flag. Even if RDRF is set, data will continue to be
received until an overrun condition occurs.RDRF is prevented from setting while S2[LBKDE] is set.
Additionally, when S2[LBKDE] is set, the received datawords are stored in the receive buffer but over-write
each other.
0 The number of datawords in the receive buffer is less than the number indicated by RXWATER.
1 The number of datawords in the receive buffer is equal to or greater than the number indicated by
RXWATER at some point in time since this flag was last cleared.
4
IDLE
Idle Line Flag
After the IDLE flag is cleared, a frame must be received (although not necessarily stored in the data buffer,
for example if C2[RWU] is set), or a LIN break character must set the S2[LBKDIF] flag before an idle
condition can set the IDLE flag. To clear IDLE, read UART status S1 with IDLE set and then read D.
IDLE is set when either of the following appear on the receiver input:
• 10 consecutive logic 1s if C1[M] = 0
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UARTx_S1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
• 11 consecutive logic 1s if C1[M] = 1 and C4[M10] = 0
• 12 consecutive logic 1s if C1[M] = 1, C4[M10] = 1, and C1[PE] = 1
Idle detection is not supported when7816Eis set/enabled and hence this flag is ignored.
NOTE: When RWU is set and WAKE is cleared, an idle line condition sets the IDLE flag if RWUID is set,
else the IDLE flag does not become set.
0 Receiver input is either active now or has never become active since the IDLE flag was last cleared.
1 Receiver input has become idle or the flag has not been cleared since it last asserted.
3
OR
Receiver Overrun Flag
OR is set when software fails to prevent the receive data register from overflowing with data. The OR bit is
set immediately after the stop bit has been completely received for the dataword that overflows the buffer
and all the other error flags (FE, NF, and PF) are prevented from setting. The data in the shift register is
lost, but the data already in the UART data registers is not affected. If the OR flag is set, no data is stored
in the data buffer even if sufficient room exists. Additionally, while the OR flag is set, the RDRF and IDLE
flags are blocked from asserting, that is, transition from an inactive to an active state. To clear OR, read
S1 when OR is set and then read D. See functional description for more details regarding the operation of
the OR bit.If LBKDE is enabled and a LIN Break is detected, the OR field asserts if S2[LBKDIF] is not
cleared before the next data character is received. In 7816 mode, it is possible to configure a NACK to be
returned by programing C7816[ONACK].
0 No overrun has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
1 Overrun has occurred or the overrun flag has not been cleared since the last overrun occured.
2
NF
Noise Flag
NF is set when the UART detects noise on the receiver input. NF does not become set in the case of an
overrun or while the LIN break detect feature is enabled (S2[LBKDE] = 1). When NF is set, it indicates
only that a dataword has been received with noise since the last time it was cleared. There is no
guarantee that the first dataword read from the receive buffer has noise or that there is only one dataword
in the buffer that was received with noise unless the receive buffer has a depth of one. To clear NF, read
S1 and then read D.
0 No noise detected since the last time this flag was cleared. If the receive buffer has a depth greater
than 1 then there may be data in the receiver buffer that was received with noise.
1 At least one dataword was received with noise detected since the last time the flag was cleared.
1
FE
Framing Error Flag
FE is set when a logic 0 is accepted as the stop bit. FE does not set in the case of an overrun or while the
LIN break detect feature is enabled (S2[LBKDE] = 1). FE inhibits further data reception until it is cleared.
To clear FE, read S1 with FE set and then read D. The last data in the receive buffer represents the data
that was received with the frame error enabled. Framing errors are not supported when 7816E is set/
enabled. However, if this flag is set, data is still not received in 7816 mode.
0 No framing error detected.
1 Framing error.
0
PF
Parity Error Flag
PF is set when PE is set and the parity of the received data does not match its parity bit. The PF is not set
in the case of an overrun condition. When PF is set, it indicates only that a dataword was received with
parity error since the last time it was cleared. There is no guarantee that the first dataword read from the
receive buffer has a parity error or that there is only one dataword in the buffer that was received with a
parity error, unless the receive buffer has a depth of one. To clear PF, read S1 and then read D.,
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
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UARTx_S1 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
S2[LBKDE] is disabled,Within the receive buffer structure the received dataword is tagged if it is received
with a parity error. This information is available by reading the ED register prior to reading the D register.
0 No parity error detected since the last time this flag was cleared. If the receive buffer has a depth
greater than 1, then there may be data in the receive buffer what was received with a parity error.
1 At least one dataword was received with a parity error since the last time this flag was cleared.
44.3.6 UART Status Register 2 (UARTx_S2)
The S2 register provides inputs to the MCU for generation of UART interrupts or DMA
requests. Also, this register can be polled by the MCU to check the status of these bits.
This register can be read or written at any time, with the exception of the MSBF and
RXINV bits, which should be changed by the user only between transmit and receive
packets.
Address: Base address + 5h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read LBKDIF RXEDGIF MSBF RXINV RWUID BRK13 LBKDE RAF
Write w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
UARTx_S2 field descriptions
Field Description
7
LBKDIF
LIN Break Detect Interrupt Flag
LBKDIF is set when LBKDE is set and a LIN break character is detected on the receiver input. The LIN
break characters are 11 consecutive logic 0s if C1[M] = 0 or 12 consecutive logic 0s if C1[M] = 1. LBKDIF
is set after receiving the last LIN break character. LBKDIF is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
0 No LIN break character detected.
1 LIN break character detected.
6
RXEDGIF
RxD Pin Active Edge Interrupt Flag
RXEDGIF is set when an active edge occurs on the RxD pin. The active edge is falling if RXINV = 0, and
rising if RXINV=1. RXEDGIF is cleared by writing a 1 to it. See for additional details. RXEDGIF description
NOTE: The active edge is detected only in two wire mode and on receiving data coming from the RxD
pin.
0 No active edge on the receive pin has occurred.
1 An active edge on the receive pin has occurred.
5
MSBF
Most Significant Bit First
Setting this field reverses the order of the bits that are transmitted and received on the wire. This field
does not affect the polarity of the bits, the location of the parity bit, or the location of the start or stop bits.
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UARTx_S2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
This field is automatically set when C7816[INIT] and C7816[ISO7816E] are enabled and an initial
character is detected in T = 0 protocol mode.
0 LSB (bit0) is the first bit that is transmitted following the start bit. Further, the first bit received after the
start bit is identified as bit0.
1 MSB (bit8, bit7 or bit6) is the first bit that is transmitted following the start bit, depending on the setting
of C1[M] and C1[PE]. Further, the first bit received after the start bit is identified as bit8, bit7, or bit6,
depending on the setting of C1[M] and C1[PE].
4
RXINV
Receive Data Inversion
Setting this field reverses the polarity of the received data input. In NRZ format, a one is represented by a
mark and a zero is represented by a space for normal polarity, and the opposite for inverted polarity. In
IrDA format, a zero is represented by short high pulse in the middle of a bit time remaining idle low for a
one for normal polarity. A zero is represented by a short low pulse in the middle of a bit time remaining idle
high for a one for inverted polarity.This field is automatically set when C7816[INIT] and C7816[ISO7816E]
are enabled and an initial character is detected in T = 0 protocol mode.
NOTE: Setting RXINV inverts the RxD input for data bits, start and stop bits, break, and idle. When
C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled, only the data bits and the parity bit are inverted.
0 Receive data is not inverted.
1 Receive data is inverted.
3
RWUID
Receive Wakeup Idle Detect
When RWU is set and WAKE is cleared, this field controls whether the idle character that wakes the
receiver sets S1[IDLE]. This field must be cleared when C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled.
0 S1[IDLE] is not set upon detection of an idle character.
1 S1[IDLE] is set upon detection of an idle character.
2
BRK13
Break Transmit Character Length
Determines whether the transmit break character is 10, 11, or 12 bits long, or 13 or 14 bits long. See for
the length of the break character for the different configurations. The detection of a framing error is not
affected by this field. Transmitting break characters
0 Break character is 10, 11, or 12 bits long.
1 Break character is 13 or 14 bits long.
1
LBKDE
LIN Break Detection Enable
Enables the LIN Break detection feature. While LBKDE is set, S1[RDRF], S1[NF], S1[FE], and S1[PF] are
prevented from setting. When LBKDE is set, see . Overrun operationLBKDE must be cleared when
C7816[ISO7816E] is set.
0 Break character detection is disabled.
1 Break character is detected at length of 11 bit times if C1[M] = 0 or 12 bits time if C1[M] = 1.
0
RAF
Receiver Active Flag
RAF is set when the UART receiver detects a logic 0 during the RT1 time period of the start bit search.
RAF is cleared when the receiver detects an idle character when C7816[ISO7816E] is cleared/disabled.
When C7816[ISO7816E] is enabled, the RAF is cleared if the C7816[TTYPE] = 0 expires or the
C7816[TTYPE] = 1 expires.
NOTE: In case C7816[ISO7816E] is set and C7816[TTYPE] = 0, it is possible to configure the guard time
to 12. However, if a NACK is required to be transmitted, the data transfer actually takes 13 ETU
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UARTx_S2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
with the 13th ETU slot being a inactive buffer. Therefore, in this situation, the RAF may deassert
one ETU prior to actually being inactive.
0 UART receiver idle/inactive waiting for a start bit.
1 UART receiver active, RxD input not idle.
44.3.7 UART Control Register 3 (UARTx_C3)
Writing R8 does not have any effect. TXDIR and TXINV can be changed only between
transmit and receive packets.
Address: Base address + 6h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read R8 T8 TXDIR TXINV ORIE NEIE FEIE PEIE
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_C3 field descriptions
Field Description
7
R8
Received Bit 8
R8 is the ninth data bit received when the UART is configured for 9-bit data format, that is, if C1[M] = 1 or
C4[M10] = 1. The R8 value corresponds to the current data value in the UARTx_D register. To read the
9th bit, read the value of UARTx_C3[R8], then read the UARTx_D register.
6
T8
Transmit Bit 8
T8 is the ninth data bit transmitted when the UART is configured for 9-bit data format, that is, if C1[M] = 1
or C4[M10] = 1.
NOTE: If the value of T8 is the same as in the previous transmission, T8 does not have to be rewritten.
The same value is transmitted until T8 is rewritten.
To correctly transmit the 9th bit, write UARTx_C3[T8] to the desired value, then write the
UARTx_D register with the remaining data.
5
TXDIR
Transmitter Pin Data Direction in Single-Wire mode
Determines whether the TXD pin is used as an input or output in the single-wire mode of operation. This
field is relevant only to the single wire mode. When C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled and C7816[TTYPE]
= 1, this field is automatically cleared after the requested block is transmitted. This condition is detected
when TL7816[TLEN] = 0 and 4 additional characters are transmitted. Additionally, if C7816[ISO7816E] is
set/enabled and C7816[TTYPE] = 0 and a NACK is being transmitted, the hardware automatically
overrides this field as needed. In this situation, TXDIR does not reflect the temporary state associated with
the NACK.
0 TXD pin is an input in single wire mode.
1 TXD pin is an output in single wire mode.
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UARTx_C3 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
4
TXINV
Transmit Data Inversion.
Setting this field reverses the polarity of the transmitted data output. In NRZ format, a one is represented
by a mark and a zero is represented by a space for normal polarity, and the opposite for inverted polarity.
In IrDA format, a zero is represented by short high pulse in the middle of a bit time remaining idle low for a
one for normal polarity, and a zero is represented by short low pulse in the middle of a bit time remaining
idle high for a one for inverted polarity.This field is automatically set when C7816[INIT] and
C7816[ISO7816E] are enabled and an initial character is detected in T = 0 protocol mode.
NOTE: Setting TXINV inverts all transmitted values, including idle, break, start, and stop bits. In loop
mode, if TXINV is set, the receiver gets the transmit inversion bit when RXINV is disabled. When
C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled then only the transmitted data bits and parity bit are inverted.
0 Transmit data is not inverted.
1 Transmit data is inverted.
3
ORIE
Overrun Error Interrupt Enable
Enables the overrun error flag, S1[OR], to generate interrupt requests.
0 OR interrupts are disabled.
1 OR interrupt requests are enabled.
2
NEIE
Noise Error Interrupt Enable
Enables the noise flag, S1[NF], to generate interrupt requests.
0 NF interrupt requests are disabled.
1 NF interrupt requests are enabled.
1
FEIE
Framing Error Interrupt Enable
Enables the framing error flag, S1[FE], to generate interrupt requests.
0 FE interrupt requests are disabled.
1 FE interrupt requests are enabled.
0
PEIE
Parity Error Interrupt Enable
Enables the parity error flag, S1[PF], to generate interrupt requests.
0 PF interrupt requests are disabled.
1 PF interrupt requests are enabled.
44.3.8 UART Data Register (UARTx_D)
This register is actually two separate registers. Reads return the contents of the read-only
receive data register and writes go to the write-only transmit data register.
NOTE
• In 8-bit or 9-bit data format, only UART data register (D)
needs to be accessed to clear the S1[RDRF] bit (assuming
receiver buffer level is less than RWFIFO[RXWATER]).
The C3 register needs to be read, prior to the D register,
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NXP Semiconductors 1123
only if the ninth bit of data needs to be captured. Similarly,
the ED register needs to be read, prior to the D register,
only if the additional flag data for the dataword needs to be
captured.
• In the normal 8-bit mode (M bit cleared) if the parity is
enabled, you get seven data bits and one parity bit. That
one parity bit is loaded into the D register. So, for the data
bits, mask off the parity bit from the value you read out of
this register.
• When transmitting in 9-bit data format and using 8-bit
write instructions, write first to transmit bit 8 in UART
control register 3 (C3[T8]), then D. A write to C3[T8]
stores the data in a temporary register. If D register is
written first, and then the new data on data bus is stored in
D, the temporary value written by the last write to C3[T8]
gets stored in the C3[T8] register.
Address: Base address + 7h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read RT
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_D field descriptions
Field Description
RT Reads return the contents of the read-only receive data register and writes go to the write-only transmit
data register.
44.3.9 UART Match Address Registers 1 (UARTx_MA1)
The MA1 and MA2 registers are compared to input data addresses when the most
significant bit is set and the associated C4[MAEN] field is set. If a match occurs, the
following data is transferred to the data register. If a match fails, the following data is
discarded. These registers can be read and written at anytime.
Address: Base address + 8h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read MA
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_MA1 field descriptions
Field Description
MA Match Address
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44.3.10 UART Match Address Registers 2 (UARTx_MA2)
These registers can be read and written at anytime. The MA1 and MA2 registers are
compared to input data addresses when the most significant bit is set and the associated
C4[MAEN] field is set. If a match occurs, the following data is transferred to the data
register. If a match fails, the following data is discarded.
Address: Base address + 9h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read MA
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_MA2 field descriptions
Field Description
MA Match Address
44.3.11 UART Control Register 4 (UARTx_C4)
Address: Base address + Ah offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read MAEN1 MAEN2 M10 BRFA
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_C4 field descriptions
Field Description
7
MAEN1
Match Address Mode Enable 1
See Match address operation for more information.
0 All data received is transferred to the data buffer if MAEN2 is cleared.
1 All data received with the most significant bit cleared, is discarded. All data received with the most
significant bit set, is compared with contents of MA1 register. If no match occurs, the data is
discarded. If match occurs, data is transferred to the data buffer. This field must be cleared when
C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled.
6
MAEN2
Match Address Mode Enable 2
See Match address operation for more information.
0 All data received is transferred to the data buffer if MAEN1 is cleared.
1 All data received with the most significant bit cleared, is discarded. All data received with the most
significant bit set, is compared with contents of MA2 register. If no match occurs, the data is
discarded. If a match occurs, data is transferred to the data buffer. This field must be cleared when
C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled.
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UARTx_C4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
5
M10
10-bit Mode select
Causes a tenth, non-memory mapped bit to be part of the serial transmission. This tenth bit is generated
and interpreted as a parity bit. The M10 field does not affect the LIN send or detect break behavior. If M10
is set, then both C1[M] and C1[PE] must also be set. This field must be cleared when C7816[ISO7816E] is
set/enabled.
See Data format (non ISO-7816) for more information.
0 The parity bit is the ninth bit in the serial transmission.
1 The parity bit is the tenth bit in the serial transmission.
BRFA Baud Rate Fine Adjust
This bit field is used to add more timing resolution to the average baud frequency, in increments of 1/32.
See Baud rate generation for more information.
44.3.12 UART Control Register 5 (UARTx_C5)
Address: Base address + Bh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TDMAS 0RDMAS 0 0
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_C5 field descriptions
Field Description
7
TDMAS
Transmitter DMA Select
Configures the transmit data register empty flag, S1[TDRE], to generate interrupt or DMA requests if
C2[TIE] is set.
NOTE: • If C2[TIE] is cleared, TDRE DMA and TDRE interrupt request signals are not asserted
when the TDRE flag is set, regardless of the state of TDMAS.
• If C2[TIE] and TDMAS are both set, then C2[TCIE] must be cleared, and D must not be
written unless a DMA request is being serviced.
0 If C2[TIE] is set and the S1[TDRE] flag is set, the TDRE interrupt request signal is asserted to request
interrupt service.
1 If C2[TIE] is set and the S1[TDRE] flag is set, the TDRE DMA request signal is asserted to request a
DMA transfer.
6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
RDMAS
Receiver Full DMA Select
Configures the receiver data register full flag, S1[RDRF], to generate interrupt or DMA requests if C2[RIE]
is set.
NOTE: If C2[RIE] is cleared, and S1[RDRF] is set, the RDRF DMA and RDFR interrupt request signals
are not asserted, regardless of the state of RDMAS.
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UARTx_C5 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 If C2[RIE] and S1[RDRF] are set, the RDFR interrupt request signal is asserted to request an interrupt
service.
1 If C2[RIE] and S1[RDRF] are set, the RDRF DMA request signal is asserted to request a DMA
transfer.
4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
44.3.13 UART Extended Data Register (UARTx_ED)
This register contains additional information flags that are stored with a received
dataword. This register may be read at any time but contains valid data only if there is a
dataword in the receive FIFO.
NOTE
• The data contained in this register represents additional
information regarding the conditions on which a dataword
was received. The importance of this data varies with the
application, and in some cases maybe completely optional.
These fields automatically update to reflect the conditions
of the next dataword whenever D is read.
• If S1[NF] and S1[PF] have not been set since the last time
the receive buffer was empty, the NOISY and PARITYE
fields will be zero.
Address: Base address + Ch offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read NOISY PARITYE 0
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_ED field descriptions
Field Description
7
NOISY
The current received dataword contained in D and C3[R8] was received with noise.
0 The dataword was received without noise.
1 The data was received with noise.
6
PARITYE
The current received dataword contained in D and C3[R8] was received with a parity error.
0 The dataword was received without a parity error.
1 The dataword was received with a parity error.
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UARTx_ED field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
44.3.14 UART Modem Register (UARTx_MODEM)
The MODEM register controls options for setting the modem configuration.
NOTE
RXRTSE, TXRTSPOL, TXRTSE, and TXCTSE must all be
cleared when C7816[ISO7816EN] is enabled. This will cause
the RTS to deassert during ISO-7816 wait times. The ISO-7816
protocol does not use the RTS and CTS signals.
Address: Base address + Dh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 RXRTSE TXRTSPOL TXRTSE TXCTSE
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_MODEM field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
3
RXRTSE
Receiver request-to-send enable
Allows the RTS output to control the CTS input of the transmitting device to prevent receiver overrun.
NOTE: Do not set both RXRTSE and TXRTSE.
0 The receiver has no effect on RTS.
1 RTS is deasserted if the number of characters in the receiver data register (FIFO) is equal to or
greater than RWFIFO[RXWATER]. RTS is asserted when the number of characters in the receiver
data register (FIFO) is less than RWFIFO[RXWATER]. See Hardware flow control
2
TXRTSPOL
Transmitter request-to-send polarity
Controls the polarity of the transmitter RTS. TXRTSPOL does not affect the polarity of the receiver RTS.
RTS will remain negated in the active low state unless TXRTSE is set.
0 Transmitter RTS is active low.
1 Transmitter RTS is active high.
1
TXRTSE
Transmitter request-to-send enable
Controls RTS before and after a transmission.
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UARTx_MODEM field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The transmitter has no effect on RTS.
1 When a character is placed into an empty transmitter data buffer , RTS asserts one bit time before the
start bit is transmitted. RTS deasserts one bit time after all characters in the transmitter data buffer
and shift register are completely sent, including the last stop bit. (FIFO)
NOTE: Ensure that C2[TE] is asserted before assertion of this bit.
0
TXCTSE
Transmitter clear-to-send enable
TXCTSE controls the operation of the transmitter. TXCTSE can be set independently from the state of
TXRTSE and RXRTSE.
0 CTS has no effect on the transmitter.
1 Enables clear-to-send operation. The transmitter checks the state of CTS each time it is ready to send
a character. If CTS is asserted, the character is sent. If CTS is deasserted, the signal TXD remains in
the mark state and transmission is delayed until CTS is asserted. Changes in CTS as a character is
being sent do not affect its transmission.
44.3.15 UART Infrared Register (UARTx_IR)
The IR register controls options for setting the infrared configuration.
Address: Base address + Eh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 IREN TNP
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_IR field descriptions
Field Description
7–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
IREN
Infrared enable
Enables/disables the infrared modulation/demodulation.
0 IR disabled.
1 IR enabled.
TNP Transmitter narrow pulse
Enables whether the UART transmits a 1/16, 3/16, 1/32, or 1/4 narrow pulse.
00 3/16.
01 1/16.
10 1/32.
11 1/4.
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44.3.16 UART FIFO Parameters (UARTx_PFIFO)
This register provides the ability for the programmer to turn on and off FIFO
functionality. It also provides the size of the FIFO that has been implemented. This
register may be read at any time. This register must be written only when C2[RE] and
C2[TE] are cleared/not set and when the data buffer/FIFO is empty.
Address: Base address + 10h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TXFE TXFIFOSIZE RXFE RXFIFOSIZE
Write
Reset 0 * * * 0 * * *
* Notes:
TXFIFOSIZE field: The reset value depends on whether the specific UART instance supports the FIFO and on the size of
that FIFO. See the Chip Configuration details for more information on the FIFO size supported for each
UART instance.
•
RXFIFOSIZE field: The reset value depends on whether the specific UART instance supports the FIFO and on the size of
that FIFO. See the Chip Configuration details for more information on the FIFO size supported for each
UART instance.
•
UARTx_PFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
7
TXFE
Transmit FIFO Enable
When this field is set, the built in FIFO structure for the transmit buffer is enabled. The size of the FIFO
structure is indicated by TXFIFOSIZE. If this field is not set, the transmit buffer operates as a FIFO of
depth one dataword regardless of the value in TXFIFOSIZE. Both C2[TE] and C2[RE] must be cleared
prior to changing this field. Additionally, TXFLUSH and RXFLUSH commands must be issued immediately
after changing this field.
0 Transmit FIFO is not enabled. Buffer is depth 1. (Legacy support).
1 Transmit FIFO is enabled. Buffer is depth indicated by TXFIFOSIZE.
6–4
TXFIFOSIZE
Transmit FIFO. Buffer Depth
The maximum number of transmit datawords that can be stored in the transmit buffer. This field is read
only.
000 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 1 dataword.
001 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 4 datawords.
010 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 8 datawords.
011 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 16 datawords.
100 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 32 datawords.
101 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 64 datawords.
110 Transmit FIFO/Buffer depth = 128 datawords.
111 Reserved.
3
RXFE
Receive FIFO Enable
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UARTx_PFIFO field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
When this field is set, the built in FIFO structure for the receive buffer is enabled. The size of the FIFO
structure is indicated by the RXFIFOSIZE field. If this field is not set, the receive buffer operates as a FIFO
of depth one dataword regardless of the value in RXFIFOSIZE. Both C2[TE] and C2[RE] must be cleared
prior to changing this field. Additionally, TXFLUSH and RXFLUSH commands must be issued immediately
after changing this field.
0 Receive FIFO is not enabled. Buffer is depth 1. (Legacy support)
1 Receive FIFO is enabled. Buffer is depth indicted by RXFIFOSIZE.
RXFIFOSIZE Receive FIFO. Buffer Depth
The maximum number of receive datawords that can be stored in the receive buffer before an overrun
occurs. This field is read only.
000 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 1 dataword.
001 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 4 datawords.
010 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 8 datawords.
011 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 16 datawords.
100 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 32 datawords.
101 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 64 datawords.
110 Receive FIFO/Buffer depth = 128 datawords.
111 Reserved.
44.3.17 UART FIFO Control Register (UARTx_CFIFO)
This register provides the ability to program various control fields for FIFO operation.
This register may be read or written at any time. Note that writing to TXFLUSH and
RXFLUSH may result in data loss and requires careful action to prevent unintended/
unpredictable behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that TE and RE be cleared prior to
flushing the corresponding FIFO.
Address: Base address + 11h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 0 0 RXOFE TXOFE RXUFE
Write TXFLUSH RXFLUSH
Reset 00000000
UARTx_CFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
7
TXFLUSH
Transmit FIFO/Buffer Flush
Writing to this field causes all data that is stored in the transmit FIFO/buffer to be flushed. This does not
affect data that is in the transmit shift register.
0 No flush operation occurs.
1 All data in the transmit FIFO/Buffer is cleared out.
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UARTx_CFIFO field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
6
RXFLUSH
Receive FIFO/Buffer Flush
Writing to this field causes all data that is stored in the receive FIFO/buffer to be flushed. This does not
affect data that is in the receive shift register.
0 No flush operation occurs.
1 All data in the receive FIFO/buffer is cleared out.
5–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
RXOFE
Receive FIFO Overflow Interrupt Enable
When this field is set, the RXOF flag generates an interrupt to the host.
0 RXOF flag does not generate an interrupt to the host.
1 RXOF flag generates an interrupt to the host.
1
TXOFE
Transmit FIFO Overflow Interrupt Enable
When this field is set, the TXOF flag generates an interrupt to the host.
0 TXOF flag does not generate an interrupt to the host.
1 TXOF flag generates an interrupt to the host.
0
RXUFE
Receive FIFO Underflow Interrupt Enable
When this field is set, the RXUF flag generates an interrupt to the host.
0 RXUF flag does not generate an interrupt to the host.
1 RXUF flag generates an interrupt to the host.
44.3.18 UART FIFO Status Register (UARTx_SFIFO)
This register provides status information regarding the transmit and receiver buffers/
FIFOs, including interrupt information. This register may be written to or read at any
time.
Address: Base address + 12h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TXEMPT RXEMPT 0 RXOF TXOF RXUF
Write w1c w1c w1c
Reset 11000000
UARTx_SFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
7
TXEMPT
Transmit Buffer/FIFO Empty
Asserts when there is no data in the Transmit FIFO/buffer. This field does not take into account data that
is in the transmit shift register.
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UARTx_SFIFO field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Transmit buffer is not empty.
1 Transmit buffer is empty.
6
RXEMPT
Receive Buffer/FIFO Empty
Asserts when there is no data in the receive FIFO/Buffer. This field does not take into account data that is
in the receive shift register.
0 Receive buffer is not empty.
1 Receive buffer is empty.
5–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
2
RXOF
Receiver Buffer Overflow Flag
Indicates that more data has been written to the receive buffer than it can hold. This field will assert
regardless of the value of CFIFO[RXOFE]. However, an interrupt will be issued to the host only if
CFIFO[RXOFE] is set. This flag is cleared by writing a 1.
0 No receive buffer overflow has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
1 At least one receive buffer overflow has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
1
TXOF
Transmitter Buffer Overflow Flag
Indicates that more data has been written to the transmit buffer than it can hold. This field will assert
regardless of the value of CFIFO[TXOFE]. However, an interrupt will be issued to the host only if
CFIFO[TXOFE] is set. This flag is cleared by writing a 1.
0 No transmit buffer overflow has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
1 At least one transmit buffer overflow has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
0
RXUF
Receiver Buffer Underflow Flag
Indicates that more data has been read from the receive buffer than was present. This field will assert
regardless of the value of CFIFO[RXUFE]. However, an interrupt will be issued to the host only if
CFIFO[RXUFE] is set. This flag is cleared by writing a 1.
0 No receive buffer underflow has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
1 At least one receive buffer underflow has occurred since the last time the flag was cleared.
44.3.19 UART FIFO Transmit Watermark (UARTx_TWFIFO)
This register provides the ability to set a programmable threshold for notification of
needing additional transmit data. This register may be read at any time but must be
written only when C2[TE] is not set. Changing the value of the watermark will not clear
the S1[TDRE] flag.
Address: Base address + 13h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TXWATER
Write
Reset 00000000
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UARTx_TWFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
TXWATER Transmit Watermark
When the number of datawords in the transmit FIFO/buffer is equal to or less than the value in this register
field, an interrupt via S1[TDRE] or a DMA request via C5[TDMAS] is generated as determined by
C5[TDMAS] and C2[TIE]. For proper operation, the value in TXWATER must be set to be less than the
size of the transmit buffer/FIFO size as indicated by PFIFO[TXFIFOSIZE] and PFIFO[TXFE].
44.3.20 UART FIFO Transmit Count (UARTx_TCFIFO)
This is a read only register that indicates how many datawords are currently in the
transmit buffer/FIFO. It may be read at any time.
Address: Base address + 14h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TXCOUNT
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_TCFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
TXCOUNT Transmit Counter
The value in this register indicates the number of datawords that are in the transmit FIFO/buffer. If a
dataword is being transmitted, that is, in the transmit shift register, it is not included in the count. This
value may be used in conjunction with PFIFO[TXFIFOSIZE] to calculate how much room is left in the
transmit FIFO/buffer.
44.3.21 UART FIFO Receive Watermark (UARTx_RWFIFO)
This register provides the ability to set a programmable threshold for notification of the
need to remove data from the receiver FIFO/buffer. This register may be read at any time
but must be written only when C2[RE] is not asserted. Changing the value in this register
will not clear S1[RDRF].
Address: Base address + 15h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read RXWATER
Write
Reset 00000001
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UARTx_RWFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
RXWATER Receive Watermark
When the number of datawords in the receive FIFO/buffer is equal to or greater than the value in this
register field, an interrupt via S1[RDRF] or a DMA request via C5[RDMAS] is generated as determined by
C5[RDMAS] and C2[RIE]. For proper operation, the value in RXWATER must be set to be less than the
receive FIFO/buffer size as indicated by PFIFO[RXFIFOSIZE] and PFIFO[RXFE] and must be greater
than 0.
44.3.22 UART FIFO Receive Count (UARTx_RCFIFO)
This is a read only register that indicates how many datawords are currently in the receive
FIFO/buffer. It may be read at any time.
Address: Base address + 16h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read RXCOUNT
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_RCFIFO field descriptions
Field Description
RXCOUNT Receive Counter
The value in this register indicates the number of datawords that are in the receive FIFO/buffer. If a
dataword is being received, that is, in the receive shift register, it is not included in the count. This value
may be used in conjunction with PFIFO[RXFIFOSIZE] to calculate how much room is left in the receive
FIFO/buffer.
44.3.23 UART 7816 Control Register (UARTx_C7816)
The C7816 register is the primary control register for ISO-7816 specific functionality.
This register is specific to 7816 functionality and the values in this register have no effect
on UART operation and should be ignored if ISO_7816E is not set/enabled. This register
may be read at any time but values must be changed only when ISO_7816E is not set.
Address: Base address + 18h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 ONACK ANACK INIT TTYPE ISO_7816E
Write
Reset 00000000
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UARTx_C7816 field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
ONACK
Generate NACK on Overflow
When this field is set, the receiver automatically generates a NACK response if a receive buffer overrun
occurs, as indicated by S1[OR]. In many systems, this results in the transmitter resending the packet that
overflowed until the retransmit threshold for that transmitter is reached. A NACK is generated only if
TTYPE=0. This field operates independently of ANACK. See . Overrun NACK considerations
0 The received data does not generate a NACK when the receipt of the data results in an overflow
event.
1 If the receiver buffer overflows, a NACK is automatically sent on a received character.
3
ANACK
Generate NACK on Error
When this field is set, the receiver automatically generates a NACK response if a parity error occurs or if
INIT is set and an invalid initial character is detected. A NACK is generated only if TTYPE = 0. If ANACK is
set, the UART attempts to retransmit the data indefinitely. To stop retransmission attempts, clear C2[TE]
or ISO_7816E and do not set until S1[TC] sets C2[TE] again.
0 No NACK is automatically generated.
1 A NACK is automatically generated if a parity error is detected or if an invalid initial character is
detected.
2
INIT
Detect Initial Character
When this field is set, all received characters are searched for a valid initial character. If an invalid initial
character is identified, and ANACK is set, a NACK is sent. All received data is discarded and error flags
blocked (S1[NF], S1[OR], S1[FE], S1[PF], IS7816[WT], IS7816[CWT], IS7816[BWT], IS7816[ADT],
IS7816[GTV]) until a valid initial character is detected. Upon detecting a valid initial character, the
configuration values S2[MSBF], C3[TXINV], and S2[RXINV] are automatically updated to reflect the initial
character that was received. The actual INIT data value is not stored in the receive buffer. Additionally,
upon detection of a valid initial character, IS7816[INITD] is set and an interrupt issued as programmed by
IE7816[INITDE]. When a valid initial character is detected, INIT is automatically cleared. This Initial
Character Detect feature is supported only in T = 0 protocol mode.
0 Normal operating mode. Receiver does not seek to identify initial character.
1 Receiver searches for initial character.
1
TTYPE
Transfer Type
Indicates the transfer protocol being used.
See ISO-7816 / smartcard support for more details.
0 T = 0 per the ISO-7816 specification.
1 T = 1 per the ISO-7816 specification.
0
ISO_7816E
ISO-7816 Functionality Enabled
Indicates that the UART is operating according to the ISO-7816 protocol.
NOTE: This field must be modified only when no transmit or receive is occurring. If this field is changed
during a data transfer, the data being transmitted or received may be transferred incorrectly.
0 ISO-7816 functionality is turned off/not enabled.
1 ISO-7816 functionality is turned on/enabled.
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44.3.24 UART 7816 Interrupt Enable Register (UARTx_IE7816)
The IE7816 register controls which flags result in an interrupt being issued. This register
is specific to 7816 functionality, the corresponding flags that drive the interrupts are not
asserted when 7816E is not set/enabled. However, these flags may remain set if they are
asserted while 7816E was set and not subsequently cleared. This register may be read or
written to at any time.
Address: Base address + 19h offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WTE CWTE BWTE INITDE ADTE GTVE TXTE RXTE
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_IE7816 field descriptions
Field Description
7
WTE
Wait Timer Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[WT] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[WT] results in the generation of an interrupt.
6
CWTE
Character Wait Timer Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[CWT] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[CWT] results in the generation of an interrupt.
5
BWTE
Block Wait Timer Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[BWT] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[BWT] results in the generation of an interrupt.
4
INITDE
Initial Character Detected Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[INITD] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[INITD] results in the generation of an interrupt.
3
ADTE
ATR Duration Timer Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[ADT] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[ADT] results in the generation of an interrupt.
2
GTVE
Guard Timer Violated Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[GTV] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[GTV] results in the generation of an interrupt.
1
TXTE
Transmit Threshold Exceeded Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[TXT] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[TXT] results in the generation of an interrupt.
0
RXTE
Receive Threshold Exceeded Interrupt Enable
0 The assertion of IS7816[RXT] does not result in the generation of an interrupt.
1 The assertion of IS7816[RXT] results in the generation of an interrupt.
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44.3.25 UART 7816 Interrupt Status Register (UARTx_IS7816)
The IS7816 register provides a mechanism to read and clear the interrupt flags. All flags/
interrupts are cleared by writing a 1 to the field location. Writing a 0 has no effect. All
bits are "sticky", meaning they indicate that only the flag condition that occurred since
the last time the bit was cleared, not that the condition currently exists. The status flags
are set regardless of whether the corresponding field in the IE7816 is set or cleared. The
IE7816 controls only if an interrupt is issued to the host processor. This register is
specific to 7816 functionality and the values in this register have no affect on UART
operation and should be ignored if 7816E is not set/enabled. This register may be read or
written at anytime.
Address: Base address + 1Ah offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WT CWT BWT INITD ADT GTV TXT RXT
Write w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 00000000
UARTx_IS7816 field descriptions
Field Description
7
WT
Wait Timer Interrupt
Indicates that the wait time, the time between the leading edge of a character being transmitted and the
leading edge of the next response character, has exceeded the programmed value. This flag asserts only
when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. This interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
0 Wait time (WT) has not been violated.
1 Wait time (WT) has been violated.
6
CWT
Character Wait Timer Interrupt
Indicates that the character wait time, the time between the leading edges of two consecutive characters
in a block, has exceeded the programmed value. This flag asserts only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1. This
interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
0 Character wait time (CWT) has not been violated.
1 Character wait time (CWT) has been violated.
5
BWT
Block Wait Timer Interrupt
Indicates that the block wait time, the time between the leading edge of first received character of a block
and the leading edge of the last character the previously transmitted block, has exceeded the programmed
value. This flag asserts only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1.This interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
0 Block wait time (BWT) has not been violated.
1 Block wait time (BWT) has been violated.
4
INITD
Initial Character Detected Interrupt
Indicates that a valid initial character is received. This interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
Table continues on the next page...
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UARTx_IS7816 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 A valid initial character has not been received.
1 A valid initial character has been received.
3
ADT
ATR Duration Time Interrupt
Indicates that the ATR duration time, the time between the leading edge of the TS character being
received and the leading edge of the next response character, has exceeded the programmed value. This
flag asserts only when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. This interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
0 ATR Duration time (ADT) has not been violated.
1 ATR Duration time (ADT) has been violated.
2
GTV
Guard Timer Violated Interrupt
Indicates that one or more of the character guard time, block guard time, or guard time are violated. This
interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
0 A guard time (GT, CGT, or BGT) has not been violated.
1 A guard time (GT, CGT, or BGT) has been violated.
1
TXT
Transmit Threshold Exceeded Interrupt
Indicates that the transmit NACK threshold has been exceeded as indicated by ET7816[TXTHRESHOLD].
Regardless of whether this flag is set, the UART continues to retransmit indefinitely. This flag asserts only
when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. If 7816E is cleared/disabled, ANACK is cleared/disabled, C2[TE] is cleared/
disabled, C7816[TTYPE] = 1, or packet is transferred without receiving a NACK, the internal NACK
detection counter is cleared and the count restarts from zero on the next received NACK. This interrupt is
cleared by writing 1.
0 The number of retries and corresponding NACKS does not exceed the value in
ET7816[TXTHRESHOLD].
1 The number of retries and corresponding NACKS exceeds the value in ET7816[TXTHRESHOLD].
0
RXT
Receive Threshold Exceeded Interrupt
Indicates that there are more than ET7816[RXTHRESHOLD] consecutive NACKS generated in response
to parity errors on received data. This flag requires ANACK to be set. Additionally, this flag asserts only
when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. Clearing this field also resets the counter keeping track of consecutive NACKS.
The UART will continue to attempt to receive data regardless of whether this flag is set. If 7816E is
cleared/disabled, RE is cleared/disabled, C7816[TTYPE] = 1, or packet is received without needing to
issue a NACK, the internal NACK detection counter is cleared and the count restarts from zero on the next
transmitted NACK. This interrupt is cleared by writing 1.
0 The number of consecutive NACKS generated as a result of parity errors and buffer overruns is less
than or equal to the value in ET7816[RXTHRESHOLD].
1 The number of consecutive NACKS generated as a result of parity errors and buffer overruns is
greater than the value in ET7816[RXTHRESHOLD].
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44.3.26 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register (UARTx_WP7816)
The WP7816 register contains the WTX variable used in the generation of the block wait
timer. This register may be read at any time. This register must be written to only when
C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 1Bh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WTX
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_WP7816 field descriptions
Field Description
WTX Wait Time Multiplier (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
Used to calculate the value used for the BWT counter. It represents a value between 0 and 255. This
value is used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1. See Wait time and guard time parameters.
44.3.27 UART 7816 Wait N Register (UARTx_WN7816)
The WN7816 register contains a parameter that is used in the calculation of the guard
time counter. This register may be read at any time. This register must be written to only
when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 1Ch offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read GTN
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_WN7816 field descriptions
Field Description
GTN Guard Band N
Defines a parameter used in the calculation of GT, CGT, and BGT counters. The value represents an
integer number between 0 and 255. See Wait time and guard time parameters .
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44.3.28 UART 7816 Wait FD Register (UARTx_WF7816)
The WF7816 contains parameters that are used in the generation of various counters
including GT, CGT, BGT, WT, and BWT. This register may be read at any time. This
register must be written to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 1Dh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read GTFD
Write
Reset 00000001
UARTx_WF7816 field descriptions
Field Description
GTFD FD Multiplier
Used as another multiplier in the calculation of BWT. This value represents a number between 1 and 255.
The value of 0 is invalid. This value is not used in baud rate generation. See Wait time and guard time
parameters and Baud rate generation .
44.3.29 UART 7816 Error Threshold Register (UARTx_ET7816)
The ET7816 register contains fields that determine the number of NACKs that must be
received or transmitted before the host processor is notified. This register may be read at
anytime. This register must be written to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 1Eh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TXTHRESHOLD RXTHRESHOLD
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_ET7816 field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
TXTHRESHOLD
Transmit NACK Threshold
The value written to this field indicates the maximum number of failed attempts (NACKs) a transmitted
character can have before the host processor is notified. This field is meaningful only when
C7816[TTYPE] = 0 and C7816[ANACK] = 1. The value read from this field represents the number of
consecutive NACKs that have been received since the last successful transmission. This counter
saturates at 4'hF and does not wrap around. Regardless of how many NACKs that are received, the
UART continues to retransmit indefinitely. This flag only asserts when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. For additional
information see the IS7816[TXT] field description.
0 TXT asserts on the first NACK that is received.
1 TXT asserts on the second NACK that is received.
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UARTx_ET7816 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
RXTHRESHOLD Receive NACK Threshold
The value written to this field indicates the maximum number of consecutive NACKs generated as a result
of a parity error or receiver buffer overruns before the host processor is notified. After the counter exceeds
that value in the field, the IS7816[RXT] is asserted. This field is meaningful only when C7816[TTYPE] = 0.
The value read from this field represents the number of consecutive NACKs that have been transmitted
since the last successful reception. This counter saturates at 4'hF and does not wrap around. Regardless
of the number of NACKs sent, the UART continues to receive valid packets indefinitely. For additional
information, see IS7816[RXT] field description.
44.3.30 UART 7816 Transmit Length Register (UARTx_TL7816)
The TL7816 register is used to indicate the number of characters contained in the block
being transmitted. This register is used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1. This register may
be read at anytime. This register must be written only when C2[TE] is not enabled.
Address: Base address + 1Fh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read TLEN
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_TL7816 field descriptions
Field Description
TLEN Transmit Length
This value plus four indicates the number of characters contained in the block being transmitted. This
register is automatically decremented by 1 for each character in the information field portion of the block.
Additionally, this register is automatically decremented by 1 for the first character of a CRC in the epilogue
field. Therefore, this register must be programmed with the number of bytes in the data packet if an LRC is
being transmitted, and the number of bytes + 1 if a CRC is being transmitted. This register is not
decremented for characters that are assumed to be part of the Prologue field, that is, the first three
characters transmitted in a block, or the LRC or last CRC character in the Epilogue field, that is, the last
character transmitted. This field must be programed or adjusted only when C2[TE] is cleared.
44.3.31 UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register A
(UARTx_AP7816A_T0)
The AP7816A_T0 register contains variables used in the generation of the ATR Duration
Timer. This register may be read at any time. This register must be written to only when
C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set, except when writing 0 to clear the ADT Counter.
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NOTE
The ADT Counter starts counting on detection of the complete
TS Character. It must be noted that by this time, exactly 10
ETUs have elapsed since the start bit of the TS character. The
user must take this into account while programming this
register.
Address: Base address + 3Ah offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ADTI_H
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_AP7816A_T0 field descriptions
Field Description
ADTI_H ATR Duration Time Integer High (C7816[TTYPE] = 0)
Used to calculate the value used for the ADT Counter. This register field provides the most significant byte
of the 16 bit ATR Duration Time Integer field ADTI formed by {AP7816A_T0[ADTI_H],
AP7816B_T0[ADTI_L]}. Programming a value of ADTI = 0 disables the ADT counter. This value is used
only when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. See ATR Duration Time Counter.
44.3.32 UART 7816 ATR Duration Timer Register B
(UARTx_AP7816B_T0)
The AP7816B_T0 register contains variables used in the generation of the ATR Duration
Timer. This register may be read at any time. This register must be written to only when
C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set, except when writing 0 to clear the ADT Counter.
NOTE
The ADT Counter starts counting on detection of the complete
TS Character. It must be noted that by this time, exactly 10
ETUs have elapsed since the start bit of the TS character. The
user must take this into account while programming this
register.
Address: Base address + 3Bh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read ADTI_L
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_AP7816B_T0 field descriptions
Field Description
ADTI_L ATR Duration Time Integer Low (C7816[TTYPE] = 0)
Chapter 44 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1143
UARTx_AP7816B_T0 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Used to calculate the value used for the ADT counter. This register field provides the least significant byte
of the 16 bit ATR Duration Time Integer field ADTI formed by {AP7816A_T0[ADTI_H],
AP7816B_T0[ADTI_L]}. Programming a value of ADTI = 0 disables the ADT counter. This value is used
only when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. See ATR Duration Time Counter.
44.3.33 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A (UARTx_WP7816A_T0)
The WP7816A_T0 register contains constants used in the generation of various wait time
counters. To save register space, this register is used differently when C7816[TTYPE] =
0 and C7816[TTYPE] = 1. This register may be read at any time. This register must be
written to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 3Ch offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WI_H
Write
Reset 00000000
UARTx_WP7816A_T0 field descriptions
Field Description
WI_H Wait Time Integer High (C7816[TTYPE] = 0)
Used to calculate the value used for the WT counter. This register field provides the most significant byte
of the 16 bit Wait Time Integer field WI formed by {WP7816A_T0[WI_H], WP7816B_T0[WI_L]}. The value
of WI = 0 is invalid and must not be programmed. This value is used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. See
Wait time and guard time parameters.
44.3.34 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register A (UARTx_WP7816A_T1)
The WP7816A_T1 register contains constants used in the generation of various wait time
counters. To save register space, this register is used differently when C7816[TTYPE] =
0 and C7816[TTYPE] = 1. This register may be read at any time. This register must be
written to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 3Ch offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BWI_H
Write
Reset 00000000
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1144 NXP Semiconductors
UARTx_WP7816A_T1 field descriptions
Field Description
BWI_H Block Wait Time Integer High (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
Used to calculate the value used for the BWT counter. This register field provides the most significant byte
of the 16 bit Block Wait Time Integer field BWI formed by {WP7816A_T1[BWI_H], WP7816B_T1[BWI_L]}.
The value of BWI = 0 is invalid and should not be programmed. This value is used only when
C7816[TTYPE] = 1. See Wait time and guard time parameters.
44.3.35 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B (UARTx_WP7816B_T0)
The WP7816B_T0 register contains constants used in the generation of various wait time
counters. To save register space, this register is used differently when C7816[TTYPE] =
0 and C7816[TTYPE] = 1. This register may be read at any time. This register must be
written to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 3Dh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read WI_L
Write
Reset 00010100
UARTx_WP7816B_T0 field descriptions
Field Description
WI_L Wait Time Integer Low (C7816[TTYPE] = 0)
Used to calculate the value used for the WT counter. This register field provides the least significant byte
of the 16 bit Wait Time Integer field WI formed by {WP7816A_T0[WI_H], WP7816B_T0[WI_L]} . The value
of WI = 0 is invalid and must not be programmed. This value is used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 0. See
Wait time and guard time parameters.
44.3.36 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register B (UARTx_WP7816B_T1)
The WP7816B_T1 register contains constants used in the generation of various wait time
counters. To save register space, this register is used differently when C7816[TTYPE] =
0 and C7816[TTYPE] = 1. This register may be read at any time. This register must be
written to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 3Dh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read BWI_L
Write
Reset 00010100
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UARTx_WP7816B_T1 field descriptions
Field Description
BWI_L Block Wait Time Integer Low (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
Used to calculate the value used for the BWT counter. This register field provides the least significant byte
of the 16 bit Block Wait Time Integer field BWI formed by {WP7816A_T1[BWI_H], WP7816B_T1[BWI_L]}.
The value of BWI = 0 is invalid and should not be programmed. This value is used only when
C7816[TTYPE] = 1. See Wait time and guard time parameters.
44.3.37 UART 7816 Wait and Guard Parameter Register
(UARTx_WGP7816_T1)
The WGP7816_T1 register contains constants used in the generation of various wait and
guard timer counters. This register may be read at any time. This register must be written
to only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 3Eh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read CWI1 BGI
Write
Reset 00000110
UARTx_WGP7816_T1 field descriptions
Field Description
7–4
CWI1
Character Wait Time Integer 1 (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
Used to calculate the value used for the CWT counter. It represents a value between 0 and 15. This value
is used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1. See Wait time and guard time parameters .
BGI Block Guard Time Integer (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
Used to calculate the value used for the BGT counter. It represent a value between 0 and 15. This value is
used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1. See Wait time and guard time parameters .
44.3.38 UART 7816 Wait Parameter Register C (UARTx_WP7816C_T1)
The WP7816C_T1 register contains constants used in the generation of various wait
timer counters. This register may be read at any time. This register must be written to
only when C7816[ISO_7816E] is not set.
Address: Base address + 3Fh offset
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Read 0 CWI2
Write
Reset 00001011
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UARTx_WP7816C_T1 field descriptions
Field Description
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
CWI2 Character Wait Time Integer 2 (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
Used to calculate the value used for the CWT counter. It represents a value between 0 and 31. This value
is used only when C7816[TTYPE] = 1. See Wait time and guard time parameters .
44.4 Functional description
This section provides a complete functional description of the UART block.
The UART allows full duplex, asynchronous, NRZ serial communication between the
CPU and remote devices, including other CPUs. The UART transmitter and receiver
operate independently, although they use the same baud rate generator. The CPU
monitors the status of the UART, writes the data to be transmitted, and processes
received data.
44.4.1 Transmitter
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SHIFT DIRECTION
PARITY
GENERATION
PE
PT TRANSMITTER CONTROL
M
MSBF
INTERNAL BUS
Tx port en
Tx input buffer en
Tx output buffer en
STOP
TXINV
TxD Pin Control
START
BAUDRATE GENERATE
MODULE
CLOCK
SBR12:0 BRFA4:0
VARIABLE 12-BIT TRANSMIT
SHIFT REGISTER
M10
R485 CONTROL
RTS_B
CTS_B
TXDIR
SBK
TE
DMA Done
7816 LOGIC
TxD
IRQ / DMA
LOGIC
INFRARED LOGIC
DMA Requests
IRQ Requests
TxD
LOOP
CONTROL
LOOPS
RSRC
UART DATA REGISTER (UART_D)
Figure 44-1. Transmitter Block Diagram
44.4.1.1 Transmitter character length
The UART transmitter can accommodate either 8, 9, or 10-bit data characters. The state
of the C1[M] and C1[PE] bits and the C4[M10] bit determine the length of data
characters. When transmitting 9-bit data, bit C3[T8] is the ninth bit (bit 8).
Functional description
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44.4.1.2 Transmission bit order
When S2[MSBF] is set, the UART automatically transmits the MSB of the data word as
the first bit after the start bit. Similarly, the LSB of the data word is transmitted
immediately preceding the parity bit, or the stop bit if parity is not enabled. All necessary
bit ordering is handled automatically by the module. Therefore, the format of the data
written to D for transmission is completely independent of the S2[MSBF] setting.
44.4.1.3 Character transmission
To transmit data, the MCU writes the data bits to the UART transmit buffer using UART
data registers C3[T8] and D. Data in the transmit buffer is then transferred to the
transmitter shift register as needed. The transmit shift register then shifts a frame out
through the transmit data output signal after it has prefaced it with any required start and
stop bits. The UART data registers, C3[T8] and D, provide access to the transmit buffer
structure.
The UART also sets a flag, the transmit data register empty flag S1[TDRE], and
generates an interrupt or DMA request (C5[TDMAS]) whenever the number of
datawords in the transmit buffer is equal to or less than the value indicated by
TWFIFO[TXWATER]. The transmit driver routine may respond to this flag by writing
additional datawords to the transmit buffer using C3[T8]/D as space permits.
See Application information for specific programing sequences.
Setting C2[TE] automatically loads the transmit shift register with the following
preamble:
• 10 logic 1s if C1[M] = 0
• 11 logic 1s if C1[M] = 1 and C4[M10] = 0
• 12 logic 1s if C1[M] = 1, C4[M10] = 1, C1[PE] = 1
After the preamble shifts out, control logic transfers the data from the D register into the
transmit shift register. The transmitter automatically transmits the correct start bit and
stop bit before and after the dataword.
When C7816[ISO_7816E] = 1, setting C2[TE] does not result in a preamble being
generated. The transmitter starts transmitting as soon as the corresponding guard time
expires. When C7816[TTYPE] = 0, the value in GT is used. When C7816[TTYPE] = 1,
the value in BGT is used, because C2[TE] will remain asserted until the end of the block
transfer. C2[TE] is automatically cleared when C7816[TTYPE] = 1 and the block being
transmitted has completed. When C7816[TTYPE] = 0, the transmitter listens for a NACK
indication. If no NACK is received, it is assumed that the character was correctly
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received. If a NACK is received, the transmitter resends the data, assuming that the
number of retries for that character, that is, the number of NACKs received, is less than
or equal to the value in ET7816[TXTHRESHOLD].
Hardware supports odd or even parity. When parity is enabled, the bit immediately
preceding the stop bit is the parity bit.
When the transmit shift register is not transmitting a frame, the transmit data output
signal goes to the idle condition, logic 1. If at any time software clears C2[TE], the
transmitter enable signal goes low and the transmit signal goes idle.
If the software clears C2[TE] while a transmission is in progress, the character in the
transmit shift register continues to shift out, provided S1[TC] was cleared during the data
write sequence. To clear S1[TC], the S1 register must be read followed by a write to D
register.
If S1[TC] is cleared during character transmission and C2[TE] is cleared, the
transmission enable signal is deasserted at the completion of the current frame. Following
this, the transmit data out signal enters the idle state even if there is data pending in the
UART transmit data buffer. To ensure that all the data written in the FIFO is transmitted
on the link before clearing C2[TE], wait for S1[TC] to set. Alternatively, the same can be
achieved by setting TWFIFO[TXWATER] to 0x0 and waiting for S1[TDRE] to set.
44.4.1.4 Transmitting break characters
Setting C2[SBK] loads the transmit shift register with a break character. A break
character contains all logic 0s and has no start, stop, or parity bit. Break character length
depends on C1[M], C1[PE], S2[BRK13] and C4[M10]. See the following table.
Table 44-3. Transmit break character length
S2[BRK13] C1[M] C4[M10] C1[PE] Bits transmitted
0 0 — — 10
0 1 1 0 11
0 1 1 1 12
1 0 — — 13
1 1 — — 14
As long as C2[SBK] is set, the transmitter logic continuously loads break characters into
the transmit shift register. After the software clears C2[SBK], the shift register finishes
transmitting the last break character and then transmits at least one logic 1. The automatic
logic 1 at the end of a break character guarantees the recognition of the start bit of the
next character. Break bits are not supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
Functional description
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NOTE
When queuing a break character, it will be transmitted
following the completion of the data value currently being
shifted out from the shift register. This means that, if data is
queued in the data buffer to be transmitted, the break character
preempts that queued data. The queued data is then transmitted
after the break character is complete.
44.4.1.5 Idle characters
An idle character contains all logic 1s and has no start, stop, or parity bit. Idle character
length depends on C1[M], C1[PE] and C4[M10]. The preamble is a synchronizing idle
character that begins the first transmission initiated after setting C2[TE]. When
C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled, idle characters are not sent or detected. When data is
not being transmitted, the data I/O line is in an inactive state.
If C2[TE] is cleared during a transmission, the transmit data output signal becomes idle
after completion of the transmission in progress. Clearing and then setting C2[TE] during
a transmission queues an idle character to be sent after the dataword currently being
transmitted.
Note
When queuing an idle character, the idle character will be
transmitted following the completion of the data value currently
being shifted out from the shift register. This means that if data
is queued in the data buffer to be transmitted, the idle character
preempts that queued data. The queued data is then transmitted
after the idle character is complete.
If C2[TE] is cleared and the transmission is completed, the
UART is not the master of the TXD pin.
44.4.1.6 Hardware flow control
The transmitter supports hardware flow control by gating the transmission with the value
of CTS. If the clear-to-send operation is enabled, the character is transmitted when CTS
is asserted. If CTS is deasserted in the middle of a transmission with characters remaining
in the receiver data buffer, the character in the shift register is sent and TXD remains in
the mark state until CTS is reasserted.
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If the clear-to-send operation is disabled, the transmitter ignores the state of CTS. Also, if
the transmitter is forced to send a continuous low condition because it is sending a break
character, the transmitter ignores the state of CTS regardless of whether the clear-to-send
operation is enabled.
The transmitter's CTS signal can also be enabled even if the same UART receiver's RTS
signal is disabled.
44.4.1.7 Transceiver driver enable
The transmitter can use RTS as an enable signal for the driver of an external transceiver.
See Transceiver driver enable using RTS for details. If the request-to-send operation is
enabled, when a character is placed into an empty transmitter data buffer, RTS asserts
one bit time before the start bit is transmitted. RTS remains asserted for the whole time
that the transmitter data buffer has any characters. RTS deasserts one bit time after all
characters in the transmitter data buffer and shift register are completely sent, including
the last stop bit. Transmitting a break character also asserts RTS, with the same assertion
and deassertion timing as having a character in the transmitter data buffer.
The transmitter's RTS signal asserts only when the transmitter is enabled. However, the
transmitter's RTS signal is unaffected by its CTS signal. RTS will remain asserted until
the transfer is completed, even if the transmitter is disabled mid-way through a data
transfer.
The following figure shows the functional timing information for the transmitter. Along
with the actual character itself, TXD shows the start bit. The stop bit is also indicated,
with a dashed line if necessary.
Functional description
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C1 C2 C3 Break C4
TXD C5
C1 C2 C3 C4 Start
Break
Stop
Break C5
data
buffer
write
CTS_B
RTS_B
C1 in transmission
1
1. Cn = transmit characters
Figure 44-2. Transmitter RTS and CTS timing diagram
44.4.2 Receiver
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M
PE
PT
RE
VARIABLE 12-BIT RECEIVE
STOP
START
RECEIVE
WAKEUP
DATA BUFFER
INTERNAL BUS
MODULE
SBR12:0
BAUDRATE
CLOCK
RAF
LOGIC
SHIFT DIRECTION
ACTIVE EDGE
DETECT
LBKDE
BRFA4:0
MSBF
GENERATOR SHIFT REGISTER M10
RXINV
IRQ / DMA
LOGIC
DMA Requests
IRQ Requests
PARITY
LOGIC
CONTROL
RxD
RxD
LOOPS
RSRC
From Transmitter
RECEIVER
SOURCE
CONTROL
7816 LOGIC
To TxD
INFRARED LOGIC
Figure 44-3. UART receiver block diagram
44.4.2.1 Receiver character length
The UART receiver can accommodate 8-, 9-, or 10-bit data characters. The states of
C1[M], C1[PE] and C4[M10] determine the length of data characters. When receiving 9
or 10-bit data, C3[R8] is the ninth bit (bit 8).
44.4.2.2 Receiver bit ordering
When S2[MSBF] is set, the receiver operates such that the first bit received after the start
bit is the MSB of the dataword. Similarly, the bit received immediately preceding the
parity bit, or the stop bit if parity is not enabled, is treated as the LSB for the dataword.
All necessary bit ordering is handled automatically by the module. Therefore, the format
of the data read from receive data buffer is completely independent of S2[MSBF].
Functional description
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44.4.2.3 Character reception
During UART reception, the receive shift register shifts a frame in from the
unsynchronized receiver input signal. After a complete frame shifts into the receive shift
register, the data portion of the frame transfers to the UART receive buffer. Additionally,
the noise and parity error flags that are calculated during the receive process are also
captured in the UART receive buffer. The receive data buffer is accessible via the D and
C3[T8] registers. Additional received information flags regarding the receive dataword
can be read in ED register. S1[RDRF] is set if the number of resulting datawords in the
receive buffer is equal to or greater than the number indicated by RWFIFO[RXWATER].
If the C2[RIE] is also set, RDRF generates an RDRF interrupt request. Alternatively, by
programming C5[RDMAS], a DMA request can be generated.
When C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled and C7816[TTYPE] = 0, character reception
operates slightly differently. Upon receipt of the parity bit, the validity of the parity bit is
checked. If C7816[ANACK] is set and the parity check fails, or if INIT and the received
character is not a valid initial character, then a NACK is sent by the receiver. If the
number of consecutive receive errors exceeds the threshold set by
ET7816[RXTHRESHOLD], then IS7816[RXT] is set and an interrupt generated if
IE7816[RXTE] is set. If an error is detected due to parity or an invalid initial character,
the data is not transferred from the receive shift register to the receive buffer. Instead, the
data is overwritten by the next incoming data.
When the C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled, C7816[ONACK] is set/enabled, and the
received character results in the receive buffer overflowing, a NACK is issued by the
receiver. Additionally, S1[OR] is set and an interrupt is issued if required, and the data in
the shift register is discarded.
44.4.2.4 Data sampling
The receiver samples the unsynchronized receiver input signal at the RT clock rate. The
RT clock is an internal signal with a frequency 16 times the baud rate. To adjust for baud
rate mismatch, the RT clock (see the following figure) is re-synchronized:
• After every start bit.
• After the receiver detects a data bit change from logic 1 to logic 0 (after the majority
of data bit samples at RT8, RT9, and RT10 returns a valid logic 1 and the majority of
the next RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples returns a valid logic 0).
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To locate the start bit, data recovery logic does an asynchronous search for a logic 0
preceded by three logic 1s. When the falling edge of a possible start bit occurs, the RT
clock begins to count to 16.
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 1 0
START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT2
RT3
RT4
RT7
RT8
RT9
RT11
RT13
RT14
RT15
RT16
1
1
110
00 0 0 0
RT10
RT12
RT1
START BIT
QUALIFICATION DATA
SAMPLING
START BIT
VERIFICATION
Figure 44-4. Receiver data sampling
To verify the start bit and to detect noise, data recovery logic takes samples at RT3, RT5,
and RT7 when C7816[ISO_7816E] is cleared/disabled and RT8, RT9 and RT10 when
C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled. The following table summarizes the results of the start
bit verification samples.
Table 44-4. Start bit verification
RT3, RT5, and RT7 samples
RT8, RT9, RT10 samples when 7816E Start bit verification Noise flag
000 Yes 0
001 Yes 1
010 Yes 1
011 No 0
100 Yes 1
101 No 0
110 No 0
111 No 0
If start bit verification is not successful, the RT clock is reset and a new search for a start
bit begins.
To determine the value of a data bit and to detect noise, recovery logic takes samples at
RT8, RT9, and RT10. The following table summarizes the results of the data bit samples.
Functional description
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Table 44-5. Data bit recovery
RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples Data bit determination Noise flag
000 0 0
001 0 1
010 0 1
011 1 1
100 0 1
101 1 1
110 1 1
111 1 0
Note
The RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples do not affect start bit
verification. If any or all of the RT8, RT9, and RT10 start bit
samples are logic 1s following a successful start bit verification,
the noise flag (S1[NF]) is set and the receiver assumes that the
bit is a start bit (logic 0). With the exception of when
C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled, where the values of RT8,
RT9 and RT10 exclusively determine if a start bit exists.
To verify a stop bit and to detect noise, recovery logic takes samples at RT8, RT9, and
RT10. The following table summarizes the results of the stop bit samples. In the event
that C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled and C7816[TTYPE] = 0, verification of a stop bit
does not take place. Rather, starting with RT8 the receiver transmits a NACK as
programmed until time RT9 of the following time period. Framing Error detection is not
supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
Table 44-6. Stop bit recovery
RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples Framing error flag Noise flag
000 1 0
001 1 1
010 1 1
011 0 1
100 1 1
101 0 1
110 0 1
111 0 0
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NXP Semiconductors 1157
In the following figure, the verification samples RT3 and RT5 determine that the first low
detected was noise and not the beginning of a start bit. In this example
C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0. The RT clock is reset and the start bit search begins again. The
noise flag is not set because the noise occurred before the start bit was found.
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 010 0 0
START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT4
RT3
RT5
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT10
RT1
RT2
RT3
1 1 0 0 0 0
RT11
RT12
RT13
RT14
RT15
RT16
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT7
RT8
RT9
Figure 44-5. Start bit search example 1 (C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0)
In the following figure, verification sample at RT3 is high. In this example
C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0. The RT3 sample sets the noise flag. Although the perceived bit
time is misaligned, the data samples RT8, RT9, and RT10 are within the bit time and data
recovery is successful.
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 010 0 0
PERCEIVED START BIT
ACTUAL START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT1
RT3
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT7
RT13
RT12
RT11
RT14
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT7
1 1 0 0
RT10
RT8
RT9
RT15
RT16
Figure 44-6. Start bit search example 2 (C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0)
In the following figure, a large burst of noise is perceived as the beginning of a start bit,
although the test sample at RT5 is high. In this example C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0. The
RT5 sample sets the noise flag. Although this is a worst-case misalignment of perceived
bit time, the data samples RT8, RT9, and RT10 are within the bit time and data recovery
is successful.
Functional description
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1158 NXP Semiconductors
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 0 0 10 0 0 0
PERCEIVED START BIT
ACTUAL START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT4
RT3
RT5
RT6
RT7
RT8
RT9
RT10
RT11
RT15
RT14
RT13
RT12
RT16
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT7
RT8
RT9
Figure 44-7. Start bit search example 3 (C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0)
The following figure shows the effect of noise early in the start bit time. In this example
C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0. Although this noise does not affect proper synchronization with
the start bit time, it does set the noise flag.
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 1 0
PERCEIVED AND ACTUAL START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT4
RT5
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT6
RT7
RT8
RT9
RT10
RT11
RT12
RT13
RT14
RT15
RT16
111 1 1 1 0
Figure 44-8. Start bit search example 4 (C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0)
The following figure shows a burst of noise near the beginning of the start bit that resets
the RT clock. In this example C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0. The sample after the reset is low
but is not preceded by three high samples that would qualify as a falling edge. Depending
on the timing of the start bit search and on the data, the frame may be missed entirely or it
may set the framing error flag.
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NXP Semiconductors 1159
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 1 0 0
START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
NO START BIT FOUND
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT7
RT1
RT1
RT1
Figure 44-9. Start bit search example 5 (C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0)
In the following figure, a noise burst makes the majority of data samples RT8, RT9, and
RT10 high. In this example C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0. This sets the noise flag but does not
reset the RT clock. In start bits only, the RT8, RT9, and RT10 data samples are ignored.
In this example, if C7816[ISO_7816E] = 1 then a start bit would not have been detected
at all since at least two of the three samples (RT8, RT9, RT10) were high.
SAMPLES
Rx pin input
RT CLOCK
RT CLOCK COUNT
RESET RT CLOCK
1 1 1 1 0 0
START BIT LSB
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT1
RT2
RT3
RT10
RT1
RT2
RT3
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 101
RT4
RT5
RT6
RT7
RT8
RT9
RT11
RT12
RT13
RT14
RT15
RT16
Figure 44-10. Start bit search example 6
44.4.2.5 Framing errors
If the data recovery logic does not detect a logic 1 where the stop bit should be in an
incoming frame, it sets the framing error flag, S1[FE], if S2[LBKDE] is disabled. When
S2[LBKDE] is disabled, a break character also sets the S1[FE] because a break character
has no stop bit. S1[FE] is set at the same time that received data is placed in the receive
data buffer. Framing errors are not supported when C7816[ISO7816E] is set/enabled.
However, if S1[FE] is set, data will not be received when C7816[ISO7816E] is set.
Functional description
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1160 NXP Semiconductors
44.4.2.6 Receiving break characters
The UART recognizes a break character when a start bit is followed by eight, nine, or ten
logic 0 data bits and a logic 0 where the stop bit should be. Receiving a break character
has these effects on UART registers:
• Sets the framing error flag, S1[FE].
• Writes an all 0 dataword to the data buffer, which may cause S1[RDRF] to set,
depending on the watermark and number of values in the data buffer.
• May set the overrun flag, S1[OR], noise flag, S1[NF], parity error flag, S1[PE], or
the receiver active flag, S2[RAF].
The detection threshold for a break character can be adjusted when using an internal
oscillator in a LIN system by setting S2[LBKDE]. The UART break character detection
threshold depends on C1[M], C1[PE], S2[LBKDE] and C4[M10]. See the following
table.
Table 44-7. Receive break character detection threshold
LBKDE M M10 PE Threshold (bits)
0 0 — — 10
0 1 0 — 11
0 1 1 1 12
1 0 — — 11
1 1 — — 12
While S2[LBKDE] is set, it will have these effects on the UART registers:
• Prevents S1[RDRF], S1[FE], S1[NF], and S1[PF] from being set. However, if they
are already set, they will remain set.
• Sets the LIN break detect interrupt flag, S2[LBKDIF], if a LIN break character is
received.
Break characters are not detected or supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
44.4.2.7 Hardware flow control
To support hardware flow control, the receiver can be programmed to automatically
deassert and assert RTS.
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• RTS remains asserted until the transfer is complete, even if the transmitter is disabled
midway through a data transfer. See Transceiver driver enable using RTS for more
details.
• If the receiver request-to-send functionality is enabled, the receiver automatically
deasserts RTS if the number of characters in the receiver data register is equal to or
greater than receiver data buffer's watermark, RWFIFO[RXWATER].
• The receiver asserts RTS when the number of characters in the receiver data register
is less than the watermark. It is not affected if RDRF is asserted.
• Even if RTS is deasserted, the receiver continues to receive characters until the
receiver data buffer is full or is overrun.
• If the receiver request-to-send functionality is disabled, the receiver RTS remains
deasserted.
The following figure shows receiver hardware flow control functional timing. Along with
the actual character itself, RXD shows the start bit. The stop bit can also indicated, with a
dashed line, if necessary. The watermark is set to 2.
C1 C2 C3 C4
RXD
C3
data
buffer
read
S1[RDRF]
RTS_B
C1 in reception
1
C1 C3
Status
Register 1
read
C1 C2
Figure 44-11. Receiver hardware flow control timing diagram
44.4.2.8 Infrared decoder
The infrared decoder converts the received character from the IrDA format to the NRZ
format used by the receiver. It also has a 16-RT clock counter that filters noise and
indicates when a 1 is received.
Functional description
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1162 NXP Semiconductors
44.4.2.8.1 Start bit detection
When S2[RXINV] is cleared, the first rising edge of the received character corresponds
to the start bit. The infrared decoder resets its counter. At this time, the receiver also
begins its start bit detection process. After the start bit is detected, the receiver
synchronizes its bit times to this start bit time. For the rest of the character reception, the
infrared decoder's counter and the receiver's bit time counter count independently from
each other.
44.4.2.8.2 Noise filtering
Any further rising edges detected during the first half of the infrared decoder counter are
ignored by the decoder. Any pulses less than one RT clocks can be undetected by it
regardless of whether it is seen in the first or second half of the count.
44.4.2.8.3 Low-bit detection
During the second half of the decoder count, a rising edge is decoded as a 0, which is sent
to the receiver. The decoder counter is also reset.
44.4.2.8.4 High-bit detection
At 16-RT clocks after the previous rising edge, if a rising edge is not seen, then the
decoder sends a 1 to the receiver.
If the next bit is a 0, which arrives late, then a low-bit is detected according to Low-bit
detection. The value sent to the receiver is changed from 1 to a 0. Then, if a noise pulse
occurs outside the receiver's bit time sampling period, then the delay of a 0 is not
recorded as noise.
44.4.2.9 Baud rate tolerance
A transmitting device may be operating at a baud rate below or above the receiver baud
rate. Accumulated bit time misalignment can cause one of the three stop bit data samples
(RT8, RT9, and RT10) to fall outside the actual stop bit. A noise error will occur if the
RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples are not all the same logical values. A framing error will
occur if the receiver clock is misaligned in such a way that the majority of the RT8, RT9,
and RT10 stop bit samples are a logic 0.
As the receiver samples an incoming frame, it resynchronizes the RT clock on any valid
falling edge within the frame. Resynchronization within frames corrects a misalignment
between transmitter bit times and receiver bit times.
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44.4.2.9.1 Slow data tolerance
The following figure shows how much a slow received frame can be misaligned without
causing a noise error or a framing error. The slow stop bit begins at RT8 instead of RT1
but arrives in time for the stop bit data samples at RT8, RT9, and RT10.
RECEIVER
RT CLOCK
MSB STOP
DATA
SAMPLES
RT16
RT15
RT14
RT13
RT12
RT11
RT10
RT9
RT8
RT7
RT6
RT5
RT4
RT3
RT2
RT1
Figure 44-12. Slow data
For an 8-bit data character, data sampling of the stop bit takes the receiver 154 RT cycles
(9 bit times × 16 RT cycles + 10 RT cycles).
With the misaligned character shown in the Figure 44-12, the receiver counts 154 RT
cycles at the point when the count of the transmitting device is 147 RT cycles (9 bit times
× 16 RT cycles + 3 RT cycles).
The maximum percent difference between the receiver count and the transmitter count of
a slow 8-bit data character with no errors is:
((154 − 147) ÷ 154) × 100 = 4.54%
For a 9-bit data character, data sampling of the stop bit takes the receiver 170 RT cycles
(10 bit times × 16 RT cycles + 10 RT cycles).
With the misaligned character shown in the Figure 44-12, the receiver counts 170 RT
cycles at the point when the count of the transmitting device is 163 RT cycles (10 bit
times × 16 RT cycles + 3 RT cycles).
The maximum percent difference between the receiver count and the transmitter count of
a slow 9-bit character with no errors is:
((170 − 163) ÷ 170) × 100 = 4.12%
44.4.2.9.2 Fast data tolerance
The following figure shows how much a fast received frame can be misaligned. The fast
stop bit ends at RT10 instead of RT16 but is still sampled at RT8, RT9, and RT10.
Functional description
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1164 NXP Semiconductors
RECEIVER
RT CLOCK
STOP IDLE OR NEXT FRAME
DATA
SAMPLES
RT16
RT15
RT14
RT13
RT12
RT11
RT10
RT9
RT8
RT7
RT6
RT5
RT4
RT3
RT2
RT1
Figure 44-13. Fast data
For an 8-bit data character, data sampling of the stop bit takes the receiver 154 RT cycles
(9 bit times × 16 RT cycles + 10 RT cycles).
With the misaligned character shown in the Figure 44-13, the receiver counts 154 RT
cycles at the point when the count of the transmitting device is 160 RT cycles (10 bit
times × 16 RT cycles).
The maximum percent difference between the receiver count and the transmitter count of
a fast 8-bit character with no errors is:
((154 − 160) ÷ 154) × 100 = 3.90%
For a 9-bit data character, data sampling of the stop bit takes the receiver 170 RT cycles
(10 bit times × 16 RT cycles + 10 RT cycles).
With the misaligned character shown in the Figure 44-13, the receiver counts 170 RT
cycles at the point when the count of the transmitting device is 176 RT cycles (11 bit
times × 16 RT cycles).
The maximum percent difference between the receiver count and the transmitter count of
a fast 9-bit character with no errors is:
((170 − 176) ÷ 170) × 100 = 3.53%
44.4.2.10 Receiver wakeup
C1[WAKE] determines how the UART is brought out of the standby state to process an
incoming message. C1[WAKE] enables either idle line wakeup or address mark wakeup.
Receiver wakeup is not supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled because
multi-receiver systems are not allowed.
44.4.2.10.1 Idle input line wakeup (C1[WAKE] = 0)
In this wakeup method, an idle condition on the unsynchronized receiver input signal
clears C2[RWU] and wakes the UART. The initial frame or frames of every message
contain addressing information. All receivers evaluate the addressing information, and
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NXP Semiconductors 1165
receivers for which the message is addressed process the frames that follow. Any receiver
for which a message is not addressed can set its C2[RWU] and return to the standby state.
C2[RWU] remains set and the receiver remains in standby until another idle character
appears on the unsynchronized receiver input signal.
Idle line wakeup requires that messages be separated by at least one idle character and
that no message contains idle characters.
When C2[RWU] is 1 and S2[RWUID] is 0, the idle character that wakes the receiver
does not set S1[IDLE] or the receive data register full flag, S1[RDRF]. The receiver
wakes and waits for the first data character of the next message which is stored in the
receive data buffer. When S2[RWUID] and C2[RWU] are set and C1[WAKE] is cleared,
any idle condition sets S1[IDLE] and generates an interrupt if enabled.
Idle input line wakeup is not supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
44.4.2.10.2 Address mark wakeup (C1[WAKE] = 1)
In this wakeup method, a logic 1 in the bit position immediately preceding the stop bit of
a frame clears C2[RWU] and wakes the UART. A logic 1 in the bit position immediately
preceeding the stop bit marks a frame as an address frame that contains addressing
information. All receivers evaluate the addressing information, and the receivers for
which the message is addressed process the frames that follow. Any receiver for which a
message is not addressed can set its C2[RWU] and return to the standby state. C2[RWU]
remains set and the receiver remains in standby until another address frame appears on
the unsynchronized receiver input signal.
A logic 1 in the bit position immediately preceding the stop bit clears the receiver's
C2[RWU] after the stop bit is received and places the received data into the receiver data
buffer. Note that if Match Address operation is enabled i.e. C4[MAEN1] or C4[MAEN2]
is set, then received frame is transferred to receive buffer only if the comparison matches.
Address mark wakeup allows messages to contain idle characters but requires that the bit
position immediately preceding the stop bit be reserved for use in address frames.
If module is in standby mode and nothing triggers to wake the UART, no error flag is set
even if an invalid error condition is detected on the receiving data line.
Address mark wakeup is not supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
44.4.2.10.3 Match address operation
Match address operation is enabled when C4[MAEN1] or C4[MAEN2] is set. In this
function, a frame received by the RX pin with a logic 1 in the bit position of the address
mark is considered an address and is compared with the associated MA1 or MA2 register.
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1166 NXP Semiconductors
The frame is transferred to the receive buffer, and S1[RDRF] is set, only if the
comparison matches. All subsequent frames received with a logic 0 in the bit position of
the address mark are considered to be data associated with the address and are transferred
to the receive data buffer. If no marked address match occurs, then no transfer is made to
the receive data buffer, and all following frames with logic 0 in the bit position of the
address mark are also discarded. If both C4[MAEN1] and C4[MAEN2] are negated, the
receiver operates normally and all data received is transferred to the receive data buffer.
Match address operation functions in the same way for both MA1 and MA2 registers.
Note that the position of the address mark is the same as the Parity Bit when parity is
enabled for 8 bit and 9 bit data formats.
• If only one of C4[MAEN1] and C4[MAEN2] is asserted, a marked address is
compared only with the associated match register and data is transferred to the
receive data buffer only on a match.
• If C4[MAEN1] and C4[MAEN2] are asserted, a marked address is compared with
both match registers and data is transferred only on a match with either register.
Address match operation is not supported when C7816[ISO_7816E] is set/enabled.
44.4.3 Baud rate generation
A 13-bit modulus counter and a 5-bit fractional fine-adjust counter in the baud rate
generator derive the baud rate for both the receiver and the transmitter. The value from 1
to 8191 written to SBR[12:0] determines the module clock divisor. The SBR bits are in
the UART baud rate registers, BDH and BDL. The baud rate clock is synchronized with
the module clock and drives the receiver. The fractional fine-adjust counter adds
fractional delays to the baud rate clock to allow fine trimming of the baud rate to match
the system baud rate. The transmitter is driven by the baud rate clock divided by 16. The
receiver has an acquisition rate of 16 samples per bit time.
Baud rate generation is subject to two sources of error:
• Integer division of the module clock may not give the exact target frequency. This
error can be reduced with the fine-adjust counter.
• Synchronization with the module clock can cause phase shift.
The Table 44-8 lists the available baud divisor fine adjust values.
UART baud rate = UART module clock / (16 × (SBR[12:0] + BRFD))
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NXP Semiconductors 1167
The following table lists some examples of achieving target baud rates with a module
clock frequency of 10.2 MHz, with and without fractional fine adjustment.
Table 44-8. Baud rates (example: module clock = 10.2 MHz)
Bits
SBR
(decimal)
Bits
BRFA BRFD value Receiver
clock (Hz)
Transmitter
clock (Hz)
Target Baud
rate
Error
(%)
17 00000 0 600,000.0 37,500.0 38,400 2.3
16 10011 19/32=0.59375 614,689.3 38,418.08 38,400 0.047
33 00000 0 309,090.9 19,318.2 19,200 0.62
33 00110 6/32=0.1875 307,344.6 19,209.04 19,200 0.047
66 00000 0 154,545.5 9659.1 9600 0.62
133 00000 0 76,691.7 4793.2 4800 0.14
266 00000 0 38,345.9 2396.6 2400 0.14
531 00000 0 19,209.0 1200.6 1200 0.11
1062 00000 0 9604.5 600.3 600 0.05
2125 00000 0 4800.0 300.0 300 0.00
4250 00000 0 2400.0 150.0 150 0.00
5795 00000 0 1760.1 110.0 110 0.00
Table 44-9. Baud rate fine adjust
BRFA Baud Rate Fractional Divisor (BRFD)
0 0 0 0 0 0/32 = 0
0 0 0 0 1 1/32 = 0.03125
0 0 0 1 0 2/32 = 0.0625
0 0 0 1 1 3/32 = 0.09375
0 0 1 0 0 4/32 = 0.125
0 0 1 0 1 5/32 = 0.15625
0 0 1 1 0 6/32 = 0.1875
0 0 1 1 1 7/32 = 0.21875
0 1 0 0 0 8/32 = 0.25
0 1 0 0 1 9/32 = 0.28125
0 1 0 1 0 10/32 = 0.3125
0 1 0 1 1 11/32 = 0.34375
0 1 1 0 0 12/32 = 0.375
0 1 1 0 1 13/32 = 0.40625
0 1 1 1 0 14/32 = 0.4375
0 1 1 1 1 15/32 = 0.46875
1 0 0 0 0 16/32 = 0.5
1 0 0 0 1 17/32 = 0.53125
1 0 0 1 0 18/32 = 0.5625
Table continues on the next page...
Functional description
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1168 NXP Semiconductors
Table 44-9. Baud rate fine adjust (continued)
BRFA Baud Rate Fractional Divisor (BRFD)
1 0 0 1 1 19/32 = 0.59375
1 0 1 0 0 20/32 = 0.625
1 0 1 0 1 21/32 = 0.65625
1 0 1 1 0 22/32 = 0.6875
1 0 1 1 1 23/32 = 0.71875
1 1 0 0 0 24/32 = 0.75
1 1 0 0 1 25/32 = 0.78125
1 1 0 1 0 26/32 = 0.8125
1 1 0 1 1 27/32 = 0.84375
1 1 1 0 0 28/32 = 0.875
1 1 1 0 1 29/32 = 0.90625
1 1 1 1 0 30/32 = 0.9375
1 1 1 1 1 31/32 = 0.96875
44.4.4 Data format (non ISO-7816)
Each data character is contained in a frame that includes a start bit and a stop bit. The rest
of the data format depends upon C1[M], C1[PE], S2[MSBF] and C4[M10].
44.4.4.1 Eight-bit configuration
Clearing C1[M] configures the UART for 8-bit data characters, that is, eight bits are
memory mapped in D. A frame with eight data bits has a total of 10 bits. The most
significant bit of the eight data bits can be used as an address mark to wake the receiver.
If the most significant bit is used in this way, then it serves as an address or data
indication, leaving the remaining seven bits as actual data. When C1[PE] is set, the eighth
data bit is automatically calculated as the parity bit. See the following table.
Table 44-10. Configuration of 8-bit data format
UART_C1[PE] Start
bit
Data
bits
Address
bits
Parity
bits
Stop
bit
018001
0 1 7 110 1
117011
1. The address bit identifies the frame as an address character. See Receiver wakeup.
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NXP Semiconductors 1169
44.4.4.2 Nine-bit configuration
When C1[M] is set and C4[M10] is cleared, the UART is configured for 9-bit data
characters. If C1[PE] is enabled, the ninth bit is either C3[T8/R8] or the internally
generated parity bit. This results in a frame consisting of a total of 11 bits. In the event
that the ninth data bit is selected to be C3[T8], it will remain unchanged after
transmission and can be used repeatedly without rewriting it, unless the value needs to be
changed. This feature may be useful when the ninth data bit is being used as an address
mark.
When C1[M] and C4[M10] are set, the UART is configured for 9-bit data characters, but
the frame consists of a total of 12 bits. The 12 bits include the start and stop bits, the 9
data character bits, and a tenth internal data bit. Note that if C4[M10] is set, C1[PE] must
also be set. In this case, the tenth bit is the internally generated parity bit. The ninth bit
can either be used as an address mark or a ninth data bit.
See the following table.
Table 44-11. Configuration of 9-bit data formats
C1[PE] UC1[M] C1[M10] Start
bit
Data
bits
Address
bits
Parity
bits
Stop
bit
0 0 0 See Eight-bit configuration
0 0 1 Invalid configuration
01019001
010181 10 1
0 1 1 Invalid Configuration
1 0 0 See Eight-bit configuration
1 0 1 Invalid Configuration
11018011
11119011
11118111 1
1. The address bit identifies the frame as an address character.
Note
Unless in 9-bit mode with M10 set, do not use address mark
wakeup with parity enabled.
Functional description
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1170 NXP Semiconductors
44.4.4.3 Timing examples
Timing examples of these configurations in the NRZ mark/space data format are
illustrated in the following figures. The timing examples show all of the configurations in
the following sub-sections along with the LSB and MSB first variations.
44.4.4.3.1 Eight-bit format with parity disabled
The most significant bit can be used for address mark wakeup.
BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 STOP
BIT
ADDRESS
MARK START
BIT
START
BIT
Figure 44-14. Eight bits of data with LSB first
BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 STOP
BIT
ADDRESS
MARK START
BIT
START
BIT
Figure 44-15. Eight bits of data with MSB first
44.4.4.3.2 Eight-bit format with parity enabled
BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 STOP
BIT START
BIT
START
BIT PARITY
Figure 44-16. Seven bits of data with LSB first and parity
BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 STOP
BIT START
BIT
START
BIT PARITY
Figure 44-17. Seven bits of data with MSB first and parity
44.4.4.3.3 Nine-bit format with parity disabled
The most significant bit can be used for address mark wakeup.
BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT 8 STOP
BIT
ADDRESS
MARK START
BIT
START
BIT
Figure 44-18. Nine bits of data with LSB first
BIT 8 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 STOP
BIT
ADDRESS
MARK START
BIT
START
BIT
Figure 44-19. Nine bits of data with MSB first
44.4.4.3.4 Nine-bit format with parity enabled
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BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 PARITY STOP
BIT START
BIT
START
BIT
Figure 44-20. Eight bits of data with LSB first and parity
BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 PARITY STOP
BIT START
BIT
START
BIT
Figure 44-21. Eight bits of data with MSB first and parity
44.4.4.3.5 Non-memory mapped tenth bit for parity
The most significant memory-mapped bit can be used for address mark wakeup.
BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT 8 PARITY STOP
BIT START
BIT
START
BIT BIT 0
ADDRESS
MARK
Figure 44-22. Nine bits of data with LSB first and parity
BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 PARITY STOP
BIT START
BIT
START
BIT BIT 8
ADDRESS
MARK
Figure 44-23. Nine bits of data with MSB first and parity
44.4.5 Single-wire operation
Normally, the UART uses two pins for transmitting and receiving. In single wire
operation, the RXD pin is disconnected from the UART and the UART implements a
half-duplex serial connection. The UART uses the TXD pin for both receiving and
transmitting.
RXD
Tx pin input
Tx pin output
TXINV
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
RXINV
Figure 44-24. Single-wire operation (C1[LOOPS] = 1, C1[RSRC] = 1)
Enable single wire operation by setting C1[LOOPS] and the receiver source field,
C1[RSRC]. Setting C1[LOOPS] disables the path from the unsynchronized receiver input
signal to the receiver. Setting C1[RSRC] connects the receiver input to the output of the
Functional description
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TXD pin driver. Both the transmitter and receiver must be enabled (C2[TE] = 1 and
C2[RE] = 1). When C7816[ISO_7816EN] is set, it is not required that both C2[TE] and
C2[RE] are set.
44.4.6 Loop operation
In loop operation, the transmitter output goes to the receiver input. The unsynchronized
receiver input signal is disconnected from the UART.
RXD
Tx pin output
RXINV
TXINV
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
Figure 44-25. Loop operation (C1[LOOPS] = 1, C1[RSRC] = 0)
Enable loop operation by setting C1[LOOPS] and clearing C1[RSRC]. Setting
C1[LOOPS] disables the path from the unsynchronized receiver input signal to the
receiver. Clearing C1[RSRC] connects the transmitter output to the receiver input. Both
the transmitter and receiver must be enabled (C2[TE] = 1 and C2[RE] = 1). When
C7816[ISO_7816EN] is set, it is not required that both C2[TE] and C2[RE] are set.
44.4.7 ISO-7816/smartcard support
The UART provides mechanisms to support the ISO-7816 protocol that is commonly
used to interface with smartcards. The ISO-7816 protocol is an NRZ, single wire, half-
duplex interface. The TxD pin is used in open-drain mode because the data signal is used
for both transmitting and receiving. There are multiple subprotocols within the ISO-7816
standard. The UART supports both T = 0 and T = 1 protocols. The module also provides
for automated initial character detection and configuration, which allows for support of
both direct convention and inverse convention data formats. A variety of interrupts
specific to 7816 are provided in addition to the general interrupts to assist software.
Additionally, the module is able to provide automated NACK responses and has
programmed automated retransmission of failed packets. An assortment of programmable
timeouts and guard band times are also supported.
The term elemental time unit (ETU) is frequently used in the context of ISO-7816. This
concept is used to relate the frequency that the system (UART) is running at and the
frequency that data is being transmitted and received. One ETU represents the time it
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takes to transmit or receive a single bit. For example, a standard 7816 packet, excluding
any guard time or NACK elements is 10 ETUs (start bit, 8 data bits, and a parity bit).
Guard times and wait times are also measured in ETUs.,
NOTE
The ISO-7816 specification may have certain configuration
options that are reserved. To maintain maximum flexibility to
support future 7816 enhancements or devices that may not
strictly conform to the specification, the UART does not
prevent those options being used. Further, the UART may
provide configuration options that exceed the flexibility of
options explicitly allowed by the 7816 specification. Failure to
correctly configure the UART may result in unexpected
behavior or incompatibility with the ISO-7816 specification.
44.4.7.1 Initial characters
In ISO-7816 with T = 0 mode, the UART can be configured to use C7816[INIT] to detect
the next valid initial character, referred to by the ISO-7816 specifically as a TS character.
When the initial character is detected, the UART provides the host processor with an
interrupt if IE7816[INITDE] is set. Additionally, the UART will alter S2[MSBF],
C3[TXINV], and S2[RXINV] automatically, based on the initial character. The
corresponding initial character and resulting register settings are listed in the following
table.
Table 44-12. Initial character automated settings
Initial character (bit 1-10) Initial character
(hex) MSBF TXINV RXINV
LHHL LLL LLH
inverse convention
3F 1 1 1
LHHL HHH LLH
direct convention
3B 0 0 0
S2[MSBF], C3[TXINV], and S2[RXINV] must be reset to their default values before
C7816[INIT] is set. Once C7816[INIT] is set, the receiver searches all received data for
the first valid initial character. Detecting a Direct Convention Initial Character will cause
no change to S2[MSBF], C3[TXINV], and S2[RXINV], while detecting an Inverse
Convention Initial Character will cause these fields to set automatically. All data
received, which is not a valid initial character, is ignored and all flags resulting from the
invalid data are blocked from asserting. If C7816[ANACK] is set, a NACK is returned
for invalid received initial characters and an RXT interrupt is generated as programmed.
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44.4.7.2 Protocol T = 0
When T = 0 protocol is selected, a relatively complex error detection scheme is used.
Data characters are formatted as illustrated in the following figure. This scheme is also
used for answer to reset and Peripheral Pin Select (PPS) formats.
BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT STOP
BIT
PARITY NEXT
START
BIT
START
BIT
ISO 7816 FORMAT WITHOUT PARITY ERROR (T=0)
STOP
BIT
BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT STOP
BIT
PARITY NEXT
START
BIT
START
BIT
NACK
ERROR
ISO 7816 FORMAT WITH PARITY ERROR (T=0)
Figure 44-26. ISO-7816 T = 0 data format
As with other protocols supported by the UART, the data character includes a start bit.
However, in this case, there are two stop bits rather than the typical single stop bit. In
addition to a standard even parity check, the receiver has the ability to generate and return
a NACK during the second half of the first stop bit period. The NACK must be at least
one time period (ETU) in length and no more than two time periods (ETU) in length. The
transmitter must wait for at least two time units (ETU) after detection of the error signal
before attempting to retransmit the character.
It is assumed that the UART and the device (smartcard) know in advance which device is
receiving and which is transmitting. No special mechanism is supplied by the UART to
control receive and transmit in the mode other than C2[TE] and C2[RE]. Initial Character
Detect feature is also supported in this mode.
44.4.7.3 Protocol T = 1
When T = 1 protocol is selected, the NACK error detection scheme is not used. Rather,
the parity bit is used on a character basis and a CRC or LRC is used on the block basis,
that is, for each group of characters. In this mode, the data format allows for a single stop
bit although additional inactive bit periods may be present between the stop bit and the
next start bit. Data characters are formatted as illustrated in the following figure.
BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT STOP
BIT
PARITY NEXT
START
BIT
START
BIT
ISO 7816 FORMAT (T=1)
Figure 44-27. ISO 7816 T=1 data format
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The smallest data unit that is transferred is a block. A block is made up of several data
characters and may vary in size depending on the block type. The UART does not
provide a mechanism to decode the block type. As part of the block, an LRC or CRC is
included. The UART does not calculate the CRC or LRC for transmitted blocks, nor does
it verify the validity of the CRC or LRC for received blocks. The 7816 protocol requires
that the initiator and the smartcard (device) takes alternate turns in transmitting and
receiving blocks. When the UART detects that the last character in a block has been
transmitted it will automatically clear C2[TE], C3[TXDIR] and enter receive mode.
Therefore, the software must program the transmit buffer with the next data to be
transmitted and then enable C2[TE] and set C3[TXDIR], once the software has
determined that the last character of the received block has been received. The UART
detects that the last character of the transmit block has been sent when TL7816[TLEN] =
0 and four additional characters have been sent. The four additional characters are made
up of three prior to TL7816[TLEN] decrementing (prologue) and one after
TL7816[TLEN] = 0, the final character of the epilogue.
44.4.7.4 Wait time and guard time parameters
The ISO-7816 specification defines several wait time and guard time parameters. The
UART allows for flexible configuration and violation detection of these settings. On
reset, the wait time (IS7816[WT]) defaults to 9600 ETUs and guard time (GT) to 12
ETUs. These values are controlled by parameters in the WP7816, WN7816, and WF7816
registers. Additionally, the value of C7816[TTYPE] also factors into the calculation. The
formulae used to calculate the number ETUs for each wait time and guard time value are
shown in Table 44-13.
Wait time (WT) is defined as the maximum allowable time between the leading edge of a
character transmitted by the smartcard device and the leading edge of the previous
character that was transmitted by the UART or the device. Similarly, character wait time
(CWT) is defined as the maximum allowable time between the leading edge of two
characters within the same block. Block wait time (BWT) is defined as the maximum
time between the leading edge character of the last block received by the smartcard
device and the leading edge of the first character transmitted by the smartcard device.
Guard time (GT) is defined as the minimum allowable time between the leading edge of
two consecutive characters. Character guard time (CGT) is the minimum allowable time
between the leading edges of two consecutive characters in the same direction, that is,
transmission or reception. Block guard time (BGT) is the minimum allowable time
between the leading edges of two consecutive characters in opposite directions, that is,
transmission then reception or reception then transmission.
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The GT and WT counters reset whenever C7816[TTYPE] = 1 or C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0
or a new dataword start bit has been received or transmitted as specified by the counter
descriptions. The CWT, CGT, BWT, BGT counters reset whenever C7816[TTYPE] = 0
or C7816[ISO_7816E] = 0 or a new dataword start bit is received or transmitted as
specified by the counter descriptions. When C7816[TTYPE] = 1, some of the counter
values require an assumption regarding the first data transferred when the UART first
starts. This assumption is required when the 7816E is disabled, when transition from
C7816[TTYPE] = 0 to C7816[TTYPE] = 1 or when coming out of reset. In this case, it is
assumed that the previous non-existent transfer was a received transfer.
The UART will automatically handle GT, CGT, and BGT such that the UART will not
send a packet before the corresponding guard time expiring.
Table 44-13. Wait and guard time calculations
Parameter Reset value
[ETU]
C7816[TTYPE] = 0
[ETU]
C7816[TTYPE] = 1
[ETU]
Wait time (WT) 9600 WI × 480 Not used
Character wait time (CWT) Not used Not used 2(CWI1) + CWI2
Block wait time (BWT) Not used Not used (11 + (BWI × 960 × GTFD)) * (WTX
+ 1)
Guard time (GT) 12 GTN not equal to 255
12 + GTN
GTN equal to 255
12
Not used
Character guard time (CGT) Not used Not used GTN not equal to 255
12 + GTN
GTN equal to 255
11
Block guard time (BGT) Not used Not used 16 + BGI
NOTE
• User must ensure that the Character Wait time (CWT)
programmed using the formula above is atleast 12. Values
smaller than 12 are invalid and will lead to unexpected
CWT interrupts.
• The 16 bit Wait Time integer WI is formed by
concatenation of {WP7816A_T0[WI_H],
WP7816B_T0[WI_L]}.
• The 16 bit Block Wait Time integer BWI is formed by
concatenation of {WP7816A_T1[BWI_H],
WP7816B_T1[BWI_L]}.
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44.4.7.5 ATR Duration Time Counter
The ISO-7816 specification defines a specific time (in etus) within which the terminal
must receive the ATR (Answer to Reset), failing which the terminal must abort the card
session by initiating the deactivation sequence.
UART supports this in hardware via the ATR Duration Time (ATD) Counter which can
be programmed using AP7816a_T0 and AP7816b_T0 registers. The value loaded into the
ADT (ATR Duration Time) counter is given by the concatenation of the register fields as
shown; ADT = {AP7816a_T0[ADTI_H], AP7816a_T0[ADTI_L]}. This counter begins
to count on detection of the TS character which is detected when IS7816[INITD] flag is
set. Once the ATR process is completed, the ATD Counter must be disabled by writing 0
to AP7816x_T0 registers, in order to prevent the false occurrence of the ATD Duration
Time interrupt IS7816[ATD]. Note that this feature is only supported in T = 0 mode.
NOTE
The ADT counter starts counting on detection of the complete
TS Character. It must be noted that by this time, exactly 10
ETUs have elapsed since the start bit of the TS character. The
user must take this into account while programming
AP7816a_T0 and AP7816b_T0 registers.
44.4.7.6 Baud rate generation
The value in WF7816[GTFD] does not impact the clock frequency. SBR and BRFD are
used to generate the clock frequency. This clock frequency is used by the UART only and
is not seen by the smartcard device. The transmitter clocks operates at 1/16 the frequency
of the receive clock so that the receiver is able to sample the received value 16 times
during the ETU.
44.4.7.7 UART restrictions in ISO-7816 operation
Due to the flexibility of the UART module, there are several features and interrupts that
are not supported while running in ISO-7816 mode. These restrictions are documented
within the register field definitions.
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44.4.8 Infrared interface
The UART provides the capability of transmitting narrow pulses to an IR LED and
receiving narrow pulses and transforming them to serial bits, which are sent to the
UART. The IrDA physical layer specification defines a half-duplex infrared
communication link for exchanging data. The full standard includes data rates up to 16
Mbits/s. This design covers data rates only between 2.4 kbits/s and 115.2 kbits/s.
The UART has an infrared transmit encoder and receive decoder. The UART transmits
serial bits of data that are encoded by the infrared submodule to transmit a narrow pulse
for every zero bit. No pulse is transmitted for every one bit. When receiving data, the IR
pulses are detected using an IR photo diode and transformed to CMOS levels by the IR
receive decoder, external from the MCU. The narrow pulses are then stretched by the
infrared receive decoder to get back to a serial bit stream to be received by the UART.
The polarity of transmitted pulses and expected receive pulses can be inverted so that a
direct connection can be made to external IrDA transceiver modules that use active low
pulses.
The infrared submodule receives its clock sources from the UART. One of these two
clocks are selected in the infrared submodule to generate either 3/16, 1/16, 1/32, or 1/4
narrow pulses during transmission.
44.4.8.1 Infrared transmit encoder
The infrared transmit encoder converts serial bits of data from transmit shift register to
the TXD signal. A narrow pulse is transmitted for a zero bit and no pulse for a one bit.
The narrow pulse is sent in the middle of the bit with a duration of 1/32, 1/16, 3/16, or 1/4
of a bit time. A narrow high pulse is transmitted for a zero bit when C3[TXINV] is
cleared, while a narrow low pulse is transmitted for a zero bit when C3[TXINV] is set.
44.4.8.2 Infrared receive decoder
The infrared receive block converts data from the RXD signal to the receive shift register.
A narrow pulse is expected for each zero received and no pulse is expected for each one
received. A narrow high pulse is expected for a zero bit when S2[RXINV] is cleared,
while a narrow low pulse is expected for a zero bit when S2[RXINV] is set. This receive
decoder meets the edge jitter requirement as defined by the IrDA serial infrared physical
layer specification.
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44.5 Reset
All registers reset to a particular value are indicated in Memory map and registers.
44.6 System level interrupt sources
There are several interrupt signals that are sent from the UART. The following table lists
the interrupt sources generated by the UART. The local enables for the UART interrupt
sources are described in this table. Details regarding the individual operation of each
interrupt are contained under various sub-sections of Memory map and registers.
However, RXEDGIF description also outlines additional details regarding the RXEDGIF
interrupt because of its complexity of operation. Any of the UART interrupt requests
listed in the table can be used to bring the CPU out of Wait mode.
Table 44-14. UART interrupt sources
Interrupt Source Flag Local enable DMA select
Transmitter TDRE TIE TDMAS = 0
Transmitter TC TCIE -
Receiver IDLE ILIE -
Receiver RDRF RIE RDMAS = 0
Receiver LBKDIF LBKDIE -
Receiver RXEDGIF RXEDGIE -
Receiver OR ORIE -
Receiver NF NEIE -
Receiver FE FEIE -
Receiver PF PEIE -
Receiver WT WTWE -
Receiver CWT CWTE -
Receiver BWT BWTE -
Receiver INITD INITDE -
Receiver TXT TXTE -
Receiver RXT RXTE -
Receiver GTV GTVE -
Reset
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44.6.1 RXEDGIF description
S2[RXEDGIF] is set when an active edge is detected on the RxD pin. Therefore, the
active edge can be detected only when in two wire mode. A RXEDGIF interrupt is
generated only when S2[RXEDGIF] is set. If RXEDGIE is not enabled before
S2[RXEDGIF] is set, an interrupt is not generated.
44.6.1.1 RxD edge detect sensitivity
Edge sensitivity can be software programmed to be either falling or rising. The polarity
of the edge sensitivity is selected using S2[RXINV]. To detect the falling edge,
S2[RXINV] is programmed to 0. To detect the rising edge, S2[RXINV] is programmed
to 1.
Synchronizing logic is used prior to detect edges. Prior to detecting an edge, the receive
data on RxD input must be at the deasserted logic level. A falling edge is detected when
the RxD input signal is seen as a logic 1 (the deasserted level) during one module clock
cycle, and then a logic 0 (the asserted level) during the next cycle. A rising edge is
detected when the input is seen as a logic 0 during one module clock cycle and then a
logic 1 during the next cycle.
44.6.1.2 Clearing RXEDGIF interrupt request
Writing a logic 1 to S2[RXEDGIF] immediately clears the RXEDGIF interrupt request
even if the RxD input remains asserted. S2[RXEDGIF] remains set if another active edge
is detected on RxD while attempting to clear S2[RXEDGIF] by writing a 1 to it.
44.6.1.3 Exit from low-power modes
The receive input active edge detect circuit is still active on low power modes (Wait and
Stop). An active edge on the receive input brings the CPU out of low power mode if the
interrupt is not masked (S2[RXEDGIF] = 1).
44.7 DMA operation
In the transmitter, S1[TDRE] can be configured to assert a DMA transfer request. In the
receiver, S1[RDRF], can be configured to assert a DMA transfer request. The following
table shows the configuration field settings required to configure each flag for DMA
operation.
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Table 44-15. DMA configuration
Flag Request enable bit DMA select bit
TDRE TIE = 1 TDMAS = 1
RDRF RIE = 1 RDMAS = 1
When a flag is configured for a DMA request, its associated DMA request is asserted
when the flag is set. When S1[RDRF] is configured as a DMA request, the clearing
mechanism of reading S1, followed by reading D, does not clear the associated flag. The
DMA request remains asserted until an indication is received that the DMA transactions
are done. When this indication is received, the flag bit and the associated DMA request is
cleared. If the DMA operation failed to remove the situation that caused the DMA
request, another request is issued.
44.8 Application information
This section describes the UART application information.
44.8.1 Transmit/receive data buffer operation
44.8.2 ISO-7816 initialization sequence
This section outlines how to program the UART for ISO-7816 operation. Elements such
as procedures to power up or power down the smartcard, and when to take those actions,
are beyond the scope of this description. To set up the UART for ISO-7816 operation:
1. Select a baud rate. Write this value to the UART baud registers (BDH/L) to begin the
baud rate generator. Remember that the baud rate generator is disabled when the
baud rate is zero. Writing to the BDH has no effect without also writing to BDL.
According to the 7816 specification the initial (default) baud rating setting should be
Fi = 372 and Di = 1 and a maximum frequency of 5 MHz. In other words, the BDH,
BDL, and C4 registers should be programmed such that the transmission frequency
provided to the smartcard device must be 1/372th of the clock and must not exceed 5
MHz.
2. Write to set BDH[LBKDIE] = 0.
3. Write to C1 to configure word length, parity, and other configuration fields (LOOPS,
RSRC) and set C1[M] = 1, C1[PE] = 1, and C1[PT] = 0.
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4. Write to set S2[RWUID] = 0 and S2[LBKDE] = 0.
5. Write to set MODEM[RXRTSE] = 0, MODEM[TXRTSPOL] = 0,
MODEM[TXRTSE] = 0, and MODEM[TXCTSE] = 0.
6. Write to set up interrupt enable fields desired (C3[ORIE], C3[NEIE], C3[PEIE], and
C3[FEIE])
7. Write to set C4[MAEN1] = 0 and C4[MAEN2] = 0.
8. Write to C5 register and configure DMA control register fields as desired for
application.
9. Write to set C7816[INIT] = 1,C7816[ TTYPE] = 0, and C7816[ISO_7816E] = 1.
Program C7816[ONACK] and C7816[ANACK] as desired.
10. Write to IE7816 to set interrupt enable parameters as desired.
11. Write to ET7816 and set as desired.
12. Write to set C2[ILIE] = 0, C2[RE] = 1, C2[TE] = 1, C2[RWU] = 0, and C2[SBK] =
0. Set up interrupt enables C2[TIE], C2[TCIE], and C2[RIE] as desired.
At this time, the UART will start listening for an initial character. After being identified,
it will automatically adjust S2[MSBF], C3[TXINV], and S2[RXINV]. The software must
then receive and process an answer to reset. Upon processing the answer to reset, the
software must write to set C2[RE] = 0 and C2[TE] = 0. The software should then adjust
7816 specific and UART generic parameters to match and configure data that was
received during the answer on reset period. After the new settings have been
programmed, including the new baud rate and C7816[TTYPE], C2[RE] and C2[TE] can
be reenabled as required.
44.8.2.1 Transmission procedure for (C7816[TTYPE] = 0)
When the protocol selected is C7816[TTYPE] = 0, it is assumed that the software has a
prior knowledge of who should be transmitting and receiving. Therefore, no mechanism
is provided for automated transmission/receipt control. The software must monitor
S1[TDRE], or configure for an interrupt, and provide additional data for transmission, as
appropriate. Additionally, software should set C2[TE] = 1 and control TXDIR whenever
it is the UART's turn to transmit information. For ease of monitoring, it is suggested that
only data be transmitted until the next receiver/transmit switchover is loaded into the
transmit FIFO/buffer.
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44.8.2.2 Transmission procedure for (C7816[TTYPE] = 1)
When the protocol selected is C7816[TTYPE] = 1, data is transferred in blocks. Before
starting a transmission, the software must write the size, in number of bytes, for the
Information Field portion of the block into TLEN. If a CRC is being transmitted for the
block, the value in TLEN must be one more than the size of the information field. The
software must then set C2[TE] = 1 and C2[RE] = 1. The software must then monitor
S1[TDRE]/interrupt and write the prologue, information, and epilogue field to the
transmit buffer. TLEN automatically decrements, except for prologue bytes and the final
epilogue byte. When the final epilogue byte has been transmitted, the UART
automatically clears C2[TE] and C3[TXDIR] to 0, and the UART automatically starts
capturing the response to the block that was transmitted. After the software has detected
the receipt of the response, the transmission process must be repeated as needed with
sufficient urgency to ensure that the block wait time and character wait times are not
violated.
44.8.3 Initialization sequence (non ISO-7816)
To initiate a UART transmission:
1. Configure the UART.
a. Select a baud rate. Write this value to the UART baud registers (BDH/L) to
begin the baud rate generator. Remember that the baud rate generator is disabled
when the baud rate is zero. Writing to the BDH has no effect without also
writing to BDL.
b. Write to C1 to configure word length, parity, and other configuration bits
(LOOPS, RSRC, M, WAKE, ILT, PE, and PT). Write to C4, MA1, and MA2 to
configure.
c. Enable the transmitter, interrupts, receiver, and wakeup as required, by writing to
C2 (TIE, TCIE, RIE, ILIE, TE, RE, RWU, and SBK), S2 (MSBF and BRK13),
and C3 (ORIE, NEIE, PEIE, and FEIE). A preamble or idle character is then
shifted out of the transmitter shift register.
2. Transmit procedure for each byte.
a. Monitor S1[TDRE] by reading S1 or responding to the TDRE interrupt. The
amount of free space in the transmit buffer directly using TCFIFO[TXCOUNT]
can also be monitored.
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b. If the TDRE flag is set, or there is space in the transmit buffer, write the data to
be transmitted to (C3[T8]/D). A new transmission will not result until data exists
in the transmit buffer.
3. Repeat step 2 for each subsequent transmission.
Note
During normal operation, S1[TDRE] is set when the shift
register is loaded with the next data to be transmitted from the
transmit buffer and the number of datawords contained in the
transmit buffer is less than or equal to the value in
TWFIFO[TXWATER]. This occurs 9/16ths of a bit time after
the start of the stop bit of the previous frame.
To separate messages with preambles with minimum idle line time, use this sequence
between messages.
1. Write the last dataword of the first message to C3[T8]/D.
2. Wait for S1[TDRE] to go high with TWFIFO[TXWATER] = 0, indicating the
transfer of the last frame to the transmit shift register.
3. Queue a preamble by clearing and then setting C2[TE].
4. Write the first and subsequent datawords of the second message to C3[T8]/D.
44.8.4 Overrun (OR) flag implications
To be flexible, the overrun flag (OR) operates slight differently depending on the mode
of operation. There may be implications that need to be carefully considered. This section
clarifies the behavior and the resulting implications. Regardless of mode, if a dataword is
received while S1[OR] is set, S1[RDRF] and S1[IDLE] are blocked from asserting. If
S1[RDRF] or S1[IDLE] were previously asserted, they will remain asserted until cleared.
44.8.4.1 Overrun operation
The assertion of S1[OR] indicates that a significant event has occurred. The assertion
indicates that received data has been lost because there was a lack of room to store it in
the data buffer. Therefore, while S1[OR] is set, no further data is stored in the data buffer
until S1[OR] is cleared. This ensures that the application will be able to handle the
overrun condition.
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In most applications, because the total amount of lost data is known, the application will
attempt to return the system to a known state. Before S1[OR] is cleared, all received data
will be dropped. For this, the software does the following.
1. Remove data from the receive data buffer. This could be done by reading data from
the data buffer and processing it if the data in the FIFO was still valuable when the
overrun event occurred.
2. Clear S1[OR].
Note that, in some applications, if an overrun event is responded to fast enough, the lost
data can be recovered. For example, when C7816[ISO_7816E] is asserted,
C7816[TTYPE]=1 and C7816[ONACK] = 1, the application may reasonably be able to
determine whether the lost data will be resent by the device. In this scenario, flushing the
receiver data buffer may not be required. Rather, if S1[OR] is cleared, the lost data may
be resent and therefore may be recoverable.
When LIN break detect (LBKDE) is asserted, S1[OR] has significantly different behavior
than in other modes. S1[OR] will be set, regardless of how much space is actually
available in the data buffer, if a LIN break character has been detected and the
corresponding flag, S2[LBKDIF], is not cleared before the first data character is received
after S2[LBKDIF] asserted. This behavior is intended to allow the software sufficient
time to read the LIN break character from the data buffer to ensure that a break character
was actually detected. The checking of the break character was used on some older
implementations and is therefore supported for legacy reasons. Applications that do not
require this checking can simply clear S2[LBKDIF] without checking the stored value to
ensure it is a break character.
44.8.5 Overrun NACK considerations
When C7816[ISO_7816E] is enabled and C7816[TTYPE] = 0, the retransmission feature
of the 7816 protocol can be used to help avoid lost data when the data buffer overflows.
Using C7816[ONACK], the module can be programmed to issue a NACK on an
overflow event. Assuming that the smartcard device has implemented retransmission, the
lost data will be retransmitted. While useful, there is a programming implication that may
require special consideration. The need to transmit a NACK must be determined and
committed to prior to the dataword being fully received. While the NACK is being
received, it is possible that the application code will read the data buffer such that
sufficient room will be made to store the dataword that is being NACKed. Even if room
has been made in the data buffer after the transmission of a NACK is completed, the
received data will always be discarded as a result of an overflow and the
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ET7816[RXTHRESHOLD] value will be incremented by one. However, if sufficient
space now exists to write the received data which was NACK'ed, S1[OR] will be blocked
and kept from asserting.
44.8.6 Match address registers
The two match address registers allow a second match address function for a broadcast or
general call address to the serial bus, as an example.
44.8.7 Modem feature
This section describes the modem features.
44.8.7.1 Ready-to-receive using RTS
To help to stop overrun of the receiver data buffer, the RTS signal can be used by the
receiver to indicate to another UART that it is ready to receive data. The other UART can
send the data when its CTS signal is asserted. This handshaking conforms to the
TIA-232-E standard. A transceiver is necessary if the required voltage levels of the
communication link do not match the voltage levels of the UART's RTS and CTS signals.
TRANSMITTER
UART
RECEIVER TRANSMITTER
UART
RECEIVER
TXD
CTS_B
RXD
RTS_B
RXD
RTS_B
TXD
CTS_B
Figure 44-28. Ready-to-receive
The transmitter's CTS signal can be used for hardware flow control whether its RTS
signal is used for hardware flow control, transceiver driver enable, or not at all.
44.8.7.2 Transceiver driver enable using RTS
RS-485 is a multiple drop communication protocol in which the UART transceiver's
driver is 3-stated unless the UART is driving. The RTS signal can be used by the
transmitter to enable the driver of a transceiver. The polarity of RTS can be matched to
the polarity of the transceiver's driver enable signal. See the following figure.
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TRANSMITTER
UART
RECEIVER
DRIVER
RS-485 TRANSCEIVER
RECEIVER
TXD
RTS_B
RXD
DI
DE
RO
RE_B
Y
Z
A
B
Figure 44-29. Transceiver driver enable using RTS
In the figure, the receiver enable signal is asserted. Another option for this connection is
to connect RTS_B to both DE and RE_B. The transceiver's receiver is disabled while
driving. A pullup can pull RXD to a non-floating value during this time. This option can
be refined further by operating the UART in single wire mode, freeing the RXD pin for
other uses.
44.8.8 IrDA minimum pulse width
The IrDA specifies a minimum pulse width of 1.6 µs. The UART hardware does not
include a mechanism to restrict/force the pulse width to be greater than or equal to 1.6 µs.
However, configuring the baud rate to 115.2 kbit/s and the narrow pulse width to 3/16 of
a bit time results in a pulse width of 1.6 µs.
44.8.9 Clearing 7816 wait timer (WT, BWT, CWT) interrupts
The 7816 wait timer interrupts associated with IS7816[WT], IS7816[BWT], and
IS7816[CWT] will automatically reassert if they are cleared and the wait time is still
violated. This behavior is similar to most of the other interrupts on the UART. In most
cases, if the condition that caused the interrupt to trigger still exists when the interrupt is
cleared, then the interrupt will reassert. For example, consider the following scenario:
1. IS7816[WT] is programmed to assert after 9600 cycles of unresponsiveness.
2. The 9600 cycles pass without a response resulting in the WT interrupt asserting.
3. The IS7816[WT] is cleared at cycle 9700 by the interrupt service routine.
4. After the WT interrupt has been cleared, the smartcard remains unresponsive. At
cycle 9701 the WT interrupt will be reasserted.
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If the intent of clearing the interrupt is such that it does not reassert, the interrupt service
routine must remove or clear the condition that originally caused the interrupt to assert
prior to clearing the interrupt. There are multiple ways that this can be accomplished,
including ensuring that an event that results in the wait timer resetting occurs, such as, the
transmission of another packet.
44.8.10 Legacy and reverse compatibility considerations
Recent versions of the UART have added several new features. Whenever reasonably
possible, reverse compatibility was maintained. However, in some cases this was either
not feasible or the behavior was deemed as not intended. This section describes several
differences to legacy operation that resulted from these recent enhancements. If
application code from previous versions is used, it must be reviewed and modified to take
the following items into account. Depending on the application code, additional items
that are not listed here may also need to be considered.
1. Various reserved registers and register bits are used, such as, MSFB and M10.
2. This module now generates an error when invalid address spaces are used.
3. While documentation indicated otherwise, in some cases it was possible for
S1[IDLE] to assert even if S1[OR] was set.
4. S1[OR] will be set only if the data buffer (FIFO) does not have sufficient room.
Previously, the data buffer was always a fixed size of one and the S1[OR] flag would
set so long as S1[RDRF] was set even if there was room in the data buffer. While the
clearing mechanism has remained the same for S1[RDRF], keeping the OR flag
assertion tied to the RDRF event rather than the data buffer being full would have
greatly reduced the usefulness of the buffer when its size is larger than one.
5. Previously, when C2[RWU] was set (and WAKE = 0), the IDLE flag could reassert
up to every bit period causing an interrupt and requiring the host processor to reassert
C2[RWU]. This behavior has been modified. Now, when C2[RWU] is set (and
WAKE = 0), at least one non-idle bit must be detected before an idle can be detected.
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Chapter 45
Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/
Transmitter (LPUART)
45.1 Introduction
45.1.1 Features
Features of the LPUART module include:
• Full-duplex, standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format
• Programmable baud rates (13-bit modulo divider) with configurable oversampling
ratio from 4x to 32x
• Transmit and receive baud rate can operate asynchronous to the bus clock:
• Baud rate can be configured independently of the bus clock frequency
• Supports operation in Stop modes
• Interrupt, DMA or polled operation:
• Transmit data register empty and transmission complete
• Receive data register full
• Receive overrun, parity error, framing error, and noise error
• Idle receiver detect
• Active edge on receive pin
• Break detect supporting LIN
• Receive data match
• Hardware parity generation and checking
• Programmable 8-bit, 9-bit or 10-bit character length
• Programmable 1-bit or 2-bit stop bits
• Three receiver wakeup methods:
• Idle line wakeup
• Address mark wakeup
• Receive data match
• Automatic address matching to reduce ISR overhead:
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• Address mark matching
• Idle line address matching
• Address match start, address match end
• Optional 13-bit break character generation / 11-bit break character detection
• Configurable idle length detection supporting 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128 idle
characters
• Selectable transmitter output and receiver input polarity
• Hardware flow control support for request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS)
signals
• Selectable IrDA 1.4 return-to-zero-inverted (RZI) format with programmable pulse
width
45.1.2 Modes of operation
45.1.2.1 Stop mode
The LPUART will remain functional during Stop mode, provided the asynchronous
transmit and receive clock remains enabled. The LPUART can generate an interrupt or
DMA request to cause a wakeup from Stop mode.
45.1.2.2 Wait mode
The LPUART can be configured to Stop in Wait modes, when the DOZEEN bit is set.
The transmitter and receiver will finish transmitting/receiving the current word.
45.1.2.3 Debug mode
The LPUART remains functional in debug mode.
45.1.3 Signal Descriptions
Signal Description I/O
LPUART_TX Transmit data. This pin is normally an
output, but is an input (tristated) in single
wire mode whenever the transmitter is
disabled or transmit direction is
configured for receive data.
I/O
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Signal Description I/O
LPUART_RX Receive data. I
LPUART_CTS Clear to send. I
LPUART_RTS Request to send. O
45.1.4 Block diagram
The following figure shows the transmitter portion of the LPUART.
H 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 L
LPUART_D – Tx Buffer
(Write-Only)
Internal Bus
Stop
11-BIT Transmit Shift Register
Start
SHIFT DIRECTION
lsb
Parity
Generation
Transmit Control
Shift Enable
Preamble (All 1s)
Break (All 0s)
LPUART Controls TxD
TxD Direction
TO TxD
Pin Logic
Loop
Control To Receive
Data In
To TxD Pin
Tx Interrupt
Request
LOOPS
RSRC
TIE
TC
TDRE
M
PT
PE
TCIE
TE
SBK
T8
TXDIR
Load From LPUARTx_D
TXINV
BRK13
ASYNCH
MODULE
CLOCK
BAUD
Divider
OSR
Divider
Figure 45-1. LPUART transmitter block diagram
The following figure shows the receiver portion of the LPUART.
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M
PE
PT
RE
VARIABLE 12-BIT RECEIVE
STOP
START
RECEIVE
WAKEUP
DATA BUFFER
INTERNAL BUS
SBR12:0
BAUDRATE
CLOCK
RAF
LOGIC
SHIFT DIRECTION
ACTIVE EDGE
DETECT
LBKDE
MSBF
GENERATOR SHIFT REGISTER M10
RXINV
IRQ / DMA
LOGIC
DMA Requests
IRQ Requests
PARITY
LOGIC
CONTROL
RxD
RxD
LOOPS
RSRC
From Transmitter
RECEIVER
SOURCE
CONTROL
MODULE
ASYNCH
Figure 45-2. LPUART receiver block diagram
45.2 Register definition
The LPUART includes registers to control baud rate, select LPUART options, report
LPUART status, and for transmit/receive data. Access to an address outside the valid
memory map will generate a bus error.
LPUART memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_A000 LPUART Baud Rate Register (LPUART0_BAUD) 32 R/W 0F00_0004h 45.2.1/1195
4002_A004 LPUART Status Register (LPUART0_STAT) 32 R/W 00C0_0000h 45.2.2/1197
4002_A008 LPUART Control Register (LPUART0_CTRL) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 45.2.3/1201
4002_A00C LPUART Data Register (LPUART0_DATA) 32 R/W 0000_1000h 45.2.4/1206
4002_A010 LPUART Match Address Register (LPUART0_MATCH) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 45.2.5/1208
4002_A014 LPUART Modem IrDA Register (LPUART0_MODIR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 45.2.6/1208
Register definition
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45.2.1 LPUART Baud Rate Register (LPUARTx_BAUD)
Address: 4002_A000h base + 0h offset = 4002_A000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
MAEN1
MAEN2
M10 OSR
TDMAE
0
RDMAE
0
MATCFG
BOTHEDGE
RESYNCDIS
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
LBKDIE
RXEDGIE
SBNS SBR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
LPUARTx_BAUD field descriptions
Field Description
31
MAEN1
Match Address Mode Enable 1
0 Normal operation.
1 Enables automatic address matching or data matching mode for MATCH[MA1].
30
MAEN2
Match Address Mode Enable 2
0 Normal operation.
1 Enables automatic address matching or data matching mode for MATCH[MA2].
29
M10
10-bit Mode select
The M10 bit causes a tenth bit to be part of the serial transmission. This bit should only be changed when
the transmitter and receiver are both disabled.
0 Receiver and transmitter use 8-bit or 9-bit data characters.
1 Receiver and transmitter use 10-bit data characters.
28–24
OSR
Oversampling Ratio
This field configures the oversampling ratio for the receiver between 4x (00011) and 32x (11111). Writing
an invalid oversampling ratio (for example, a value not between 4x and 32x) will default to an
oversampling ratio of 16 (01111). The OSR field should only be changed when the transmitter and
receiver are both disabled. Note that the oversampling ratio = OSR + 1.
23
TDMAE
Transmitter DMA Enable
TDMAE configures the transmit data register empty flag, LPUART_STAT[TDRE], to generate a DMA
request.
0 DMA request disabled.
1 DMA request enabled.
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LPUARTx_BAUD field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
22
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
21
RDMAE
Receiver Full DMA Enable
RDMAE configures the receiver data register full flag, LPUART_STAT[RDRF], to generate a DMA request.
0 DMA request disabled.
1 DMA request enabled.
20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–18
MATCFG
Match Configuration
Configures the match addressing mode used.
00 Address Match Wakeup
01 Idle Match Wakeup
10 Match On and Match Off
11 Enables RWU on Data Match and Match On/Off for transmitter CTS input
17
BOTHEDGE
Both Edge Sampling
Enables sampling of the received data on both edges of the baud rate clock, effectively doubling the
number of times the receiver samples the input data for a given oversampling ratio. This bit must be set for
oversampling ratios between x4 and x7 and is optional for higher oversampling ratios. This bit should only
be changed when the receiver is disabled.
0 Receiver samples input data using the rising edge of the baud rate clock.
1 Receiver samples input data using the rising and falling edge of the baud rate clock.
16
RESYNCDIS
Resynchronization Disable
When set, disables the resynchronization of the received data word when a data one followed by data
zero transition is detected. This bit should only be changed when the receiver is disabled.
0 Resynchronization during received data word is supported
1 Resynchronization during received data word is disabled
15
LBKDIE
LIN Break Detect Interrupt Enable
LBKDIE enables the LIN break detect flag, LBKDIF, to generate interrupt requests.
0 Hardware interrupts from LPUART_STAT[LBKDIF] disabled (use polling).
1 Hardware interrupt requested when LPUART_STAT[LBKDIF] flag is 1.
14
RXEDGIE
RX Input Active Edge Interrupt Enable
Enables the receive input active edge, RXEDGIF, to generate interrupt requests. Changing CTRL[LOOP]
or CTRL[RSRC] when RXEDGIE is set can cause the RXEDGIF to set.
0 Hardware interrupts from LPUART_STAT[RXEDGIF] disabled (use polling).
1 Hardware interrupt requested when LPUART_STAT[RXEDGIF] flag is 1.
13
SBNS
Stop Bit Number Select
SBNS determines whether data characters are one or two stop bits. This bit should only be changed when
the transmitter and receiver are both disabled.
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LPUARTx_BAUD field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 One stop bit.
1 Two stop bits.
SBR Baud Rate Modulo Divisor.
The 13 bits in SBR[12:0] set the modulo divide rate for the baud rate generator. When SBR is 1 - 8191,
the baud rate equals "baud clock / ((OSR+1) × SBR)". The 13-bit baud rate setting [SBR12:SBR0] must
only be updated when the transmitter and receiver are both disabled (LPUART_CTRL[RE] and
LPUART_CTRL[TE] are both 0).
45.2.2 LPUART Status Register (LPUARTx_STAT)
Address: 4002_A000h base + 4h offset = 4002_A004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
LBKDIF
RXEDGIF
MSBF
RXINV
RWUID
BRK13
LBKDE
RAF
TDRE
TC
RDRF
IDLE
OR
NF
FE
PF
Ww1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
MA1F
MA2F
0
Ww1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPUARTx_STAT field descriptions
Field Description
31
LBKDIF
LIN Break Detect Interrupt Flag
LBKDIF is set when the LIN break detect circuitry is enabled and a LIN break character is detected.
LBKDIF is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
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LPUARTx_STAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 No LIN break character has been detected.
1 LIN break character has been detected.
30
RXEDGIF
LPUART_RX Pin Active Edge Interrupt Flag
RXEDGIF is set when an active edge, falling if RXINV = 0, rising if RXINV=1, on the LPUART_RX pin
occurs. RXEDGIF is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
0 No active edge on the receive pin has occurred.
1 An active edge on the receive pin has occurred.
29
MSBF
MSB First
Setting this bit reverses the order of the bits that are transmitted and received on the wire. This bit does
not affect the polarity of the bits, the location of the parity bit or the location of the start or stop bits. This bit
should only be changed when the transmitter and receiver are both disabled.
0 LSB (bit0) is the first bit that is transmitted following the start bit. Further, the first bit received after the
start bit is identified as bit0.
1 MSB (bit9, bit8, bit7 or bit6) is the first bit that is transmitted following the start bit depending on the
setting of CTRL[M], CTRL[PE] and BAUD[M10]. Further, the first bit received after the start bit is
identified as bit9, bit8, bit7 or bit6 depending on the setting of CTRL[M] and CTRL[PE].
28
RXINV
Receive Data Inversion
Setting this bit reverses the polarity of the received data input.
NOTE: Setting RXINV inverts the LPUART_RX input for all cases: data bits, start and stop bits, break,
and idle.
0 Receive data not inverted.
1 Receive data inverted.
27
RWUID
Receive Wake Up Idle Detect
For RWU on idle character, RWUID controls whether the idle character that wakes up the receiver sets the
IDLE bit. For address match wakeup, RWUID controls if the IDLE bit is set when the address does not
match. This bit should only be changed when the receiver is disabled.
0 During receive standby state (RWU = 1), the IDLE bit does not get set upon detection of an idle
character. During address match wakeup, the IDLE bit does not get set when an address does not
match.
1 During receive standby state (RWU = 1), the IDLE bit gets set upon detection of an idle character.
During address match wakeup, the IDLE bit does get set when an address does not match.
26
BRK13
Break Character Generation Length
BRK13 selects a longer transmitted break character length. Detection of a framing error is not affected by
the state of this bit. This bit should only be changed when the transmitter is disabled.
0 Break character is transmitted with length of 10 bit times (if M = 0, SBNS = 0) or 11 (if M = 1, SBNS =
0 or M = 0, SBNS = 1) or 12 (if M = 1, SBNS = 1 or M10 = 1, SNBS = 0) or 13 (if M10 = 1, SNBS = 1).
1 Break character is transmitted with length of 13 bit times (if M = 0, SBNS = 0) or 14 (if M = 1, SBNS =
0 or M = 0, SBNS = 1) or 15 (if M = 1, SBNS = 1 or M10 = 1, SNBS = 0) or 16 (if M10 = 1, SNBS = 1).
25
LBKDE
LIN Break Detection Enable
LBKDE selects a longer break character detection length. While LBKDE is set, receive data is not stored
in the receive data buffer.
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LPUARTx_STAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Break character is detected at length 10 bit times (if M = 0, SBNS = 0) or 11 (if M = 1, SBNS = 0 or M
= 0, SBNS = 1) or 12 (if M = 1, SBNS = 1 or M10 = 1, SNBS = 0) or 13 (if M10 = 1, SNBS = 1).
1 Break character is detected at length of 11 bit times (if M = 0, SBNS = 0) or 12 (if M = 1, SBNS = 0 or
M = 0, SBNS = 1) or 14 (if M = 1, SBNS = 1 or M10 = 1, SNBS = 0) or 15 (if M10 = 1, SNBS = 1).
24
RAF
Receiver Active Flag
RAF is set when the receiver detects the beginning of a valid start bit, and RAF is cleared automatically
when the receiver detects an idle line.
0 LPUART receiver idle waiting for a start bit.
1 LPUART receiver active (LPUART_RX input not idle).
23
TDRE
Transmit Data Register Empty Flag
TDRE will set when the transmit data register (LPUART_DATA) is empty. To clear TDRE, write to the
LPUART data register (LPUART_DATA).
TDRE is not affected by a character that is in the process of being transmitted, it is updated at the start of
each transmitted character.
0 Transmit data buffer full.
1 Transmit data buffer empty.
22
TC
Transmission Complete Flag
TC is cleared when there is a transmission in progress or when a preamble or break character is loaded.
TC is set when the transmit buffer is empty and no data, preamble, or break character is being
transmitted. When TC is set, the transmit data output signal becomes idle (logic 1). TC is cleared by
writing to LPUART_DATA to transmit new data, queuing a preamble by clearing and then setting
LPUART_CTRL[TE], queuing a break character by writing 1 to LPUART_CTRL[SBK].
0 Transmitter active (sending data, a preamble, or a break).
1 Transmitter idle (transmission activity complete).
21
RDRF
Receive Data Register Full Flag
RDRF is set when the receive buffer (LPUART_DATA) is full. To clear RDRF, read the LPUART_DATA
register.
A character that is in the process of being received does not cause a change in RDRF until the entire
character is received. Even if RDRF is set, the character will continue to be received until an overrun
condition occurs once the entire character is received.
0 Receive data buffer empty.
1 Receive data buffer full.
20
IDLE
Idle Line Flag
IDLE is set when the LPUART receive line becomes idle for a full character time after a period of activity.
When ILT is cleared, the receiver starts counting idle bit times after the start bit. If the receive character is
all 1s, these bit times and the stop bits time count toward the full character time of logic high, 10 to 13 bit
times, needed for the receiver to detect an idle line. When ILT is set, the receiver doesn't start counting
idle bit times until after the stop bits. The stop bits and any logic high bit times at the end of the previous
character do not count toward the full character time of logic high needed for the receiver to detect an idle
line.
To clear IDLE, write logic 1 to the IDLE flag. After IDLE has been cleared, it cannot become set again until
after a new character has been stored in the receive buffer or a LIN break character has set the LBKDIF
flag . IDLE is set only once even if the receive line remains idle for an extended period.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 45 Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (LPUART)
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LPUARTx_STAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 No idle line detected.
1 Idle line was detected.
19
OR
Receiver Overrun Flag
OR is set when software fails to prevent the receive data register from overflowing with data. The OR bit is
set immediately after the stop bit has been completely received for the dataword that overflows the buffer
and all the other error flags (FE, NF, and PF) are prevented from setting. The data in the shift register is
lost, but the data already in the LPUART data registers is not affected. If LBKDE is enabled and a LIN
Break is detected, the OR field asserts if LBKDIF is not cleared before the next data character is received.
While the OR flag is set, no additional data is stored in the data buffer even if sufficient room exists. To
clear OR, write logic 1 to the OR flag.
0 No overrun.
1 Receive overrun (new LPUART data lost).
18
NF
Noise Flag
The advanced sampling technique used in the receiver takes three samples in each of the received bits. If
any of these samples disagrees with the rest of the samples within any bit time in the frame then noise is
detected for that character. NF is set whenever the next character to be read from LPUART_DATA was
received with noise detected within the character. To clear NF, write logic one to the NF.
0 No noise detected.
1 Noise detected in the received character in LPUART_DATA.
17
FE
Framing Error Flag
FE is set whenever the next character to be read from LPUART_DATA was received with logic 0 detected
where a stop bit was expected. To clear FE, write logic one to the FE.
0 No framing error detected. This does not guarantee the framing is correct.
1 Framing error.
16
PF
Parity Error Flag
PF is set whenever the next character to be read from LPUART_DATA was received when parity is
enabled (PE = 1) and the parity bit in the received character does not agree with the expected parity
value. To clear PF, write a logic one to the PF.
0 No parity error.
1 Parity error.
15
MA1F
Match 1 Flag
MA1F is set whenever the next character to be read from LPUART_DATA matches MA1. To clear MA1F,
write a logic one to the MA1F.
0 Received data is not equal to MA1
1 Received data is equal to MA1
14
MA2F
Match 2 Flag
MA2F is set whenever the next character to be read from LPUART_DATA matches MA2. To clear MA2F,
write a logic one to the MA2F.
0 Received data is not equal to MA2
1 Received data is equal to MA2
Table continues on the next page...
Register definition
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LPUARTx_STAT field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
45.2.3 LPUART Control Register (LPUARTx_CTRL)
This read/write register controls various optional features of the LPUART system. This
register should only be altered when the transmitter and receiver are both disabled.
Address: 4002_A000h base + 8h offset = 4002_A008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
R8T9 R9T8
TXDIR
TXINV
ORIE NEIE FEIE PEIE TIE TCIE RIE ILIE TE RE RWU SBK
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
MA1IE
MA2IE
0
IDLECFG
LOOPS
DOZEEN
RSR
CM
WAKE
ILT PE PT
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPUARTx_CTRL field descriptions
Field Description
31
R8T9
Receive Bit 8 / Transmit Bit 9
R8 is the ninth data bit received when the LPUART is configured for 9-bit or 10-bit data formats. When
reading 9-bit or 10-bit data, read R8 before reading LPUART_DATA.
T9 is the tenth data bit received when the LPUART is configured for 10-bit data formats. When writing 10-
bit data, write T9 before writing LPUART_DATA. If T9 does not need to change from its previous value,
such as when it is used to generate address mark or parity, they it need not be written each time
LPUART_DATA is written.
30
R9T8
Receive Bit 9 / Transmit Bit 8
R9 is the tenth data bit received when the LPUART is configured for 10-bit data formats. When reading
10-bit data, read R9 before reading LPUART_DATA
T8 is the ninth data bit received when the LPUART is configured for 9-bit or 10-bit data formats. When
writing 9-bit or 10-bit data, write T8 before writing LPUART_DATA. If T8 does not need to change from its
previous value, such as when it is used to generate address mark or parity, they it need not be written
each time LPUART_DATA is written.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 45 Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (LPUART)
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LPUARTx_CTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
29
TXDIR
LPUART_TX Pin Direction in Single-Wire Mode
When the LPUART is configured for single-wire half-duplex operation (LOOPS = RSRC = 1), this bit
determines the direction of data at the LPUART_TX pin. When clearing TXDIR, the transmitter will finish
receiving the current character (if any) before the receiver starts receiving data from the LPUART_TX pin.
0 LPUART_TX pin is an input in single-wire mode.
1 LPUART_TX pin is an output in single-wire mode.
28
TXINV
Transmit Data Inversion
Setting this bit reverses the polarity of the transmitted data output.
NOTE: Setting TXINV inverts the LPUART_TX output for all cases: data bits, start and stop bits, break,
and idle.
0 Transmit data not inverted.
1 Transmit data inverted.
27
ORIE
Overrun Interrupt Enable
This bit enables the overrun flag (OR) to generate hardware interrupt requests.
0 OR interrupts disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when OR is set.
26
NEIE
Noise Error Interrupt Enable
This bit enables the noise flag (NF) to generate hardware interrupt requests.
0 NF interrupts disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when NF is set.
25
FEIE
Framing Error Interrupt Enable
This bit enables the framing error flag (FE) to generate hardware interrupt requests.
0 FE interrupts disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when FE is set.
24
PEIE
Parity Error Interrupt Enable
This bit enables the parity error flag (PF) to generate hardware interrupt requests.
0 PF interrupts disabled; use polling).
1 Hardware interrupt requested when PF is set.
23
TIE
Transmit Interrupt Enable
Enables STAT[TDRE] to generate interrupt requests.
0 Hardware interrupts from TDRE disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when TDRE flag is 1.
22
TCIE
Transmission Complete Interrupt Enable for
TCIE enables the transmission complete flag, TC, to generate interrupt requests.
0 Hardware interrupts from TC disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when TC flag is 1.
Table continues on the next page...
Register definition
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LPUARTx_CTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
21
RIE
Receiver Interrupt Enable
Enables STAT[RDRF] to generate interrupt requests.
0 Hardware interrupts from RDRF disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when RDRF flag is 1.
20
ILIE
Idle Line Interrupt Enable
ILIE enables the idle line flag, STAT[IDLE], to generate interrupt requests.
0 Hardware interrupts from IDLE disabled; use polling.
1 Hardware interrupt requested when IDLE flag is 1.
19
TE
Transmitter Enable
Enables the LPUART transmitter. TE can also be used to queue an idle preamble by clearing and then
setting TE. When TE is cleared, this register bit will read as 1 until the transmitter has completed the
current character and the LPUART_TX pin is tristated.
0 Transmitter disabled.
1 Transmitter enabled.
18
RE
Receiver Enable
Enables the LPUART receiver. When RE is written to 0, this register bit will read as 1 until the receiver
finishes receiving the current character (if any).
0 Receiver disabled.
1 Receiver enabled.
17
RWU
Receiver Wakeup Control
This field can be set to place the LPUART receiver in a standby state. RWU automatically clears when an
RWU event occurs, that is, an IDLE event when CTRL[WAKE] is clear or an address match when
CTRL[WAKE] is set with STAT[RWUID] is clear.
NOTE: RWU must be set only with CTRL[WAKE] = 0 (wakeup on idle) if the channel is currently not idle.
This can be determined by STAT[RAF]. If the flag is set to wake up an IDLE event and the
channel is already idle, it is possible that the LPUART will discard data. This is because the data
must be received or a LIN break detected after an IDLE is detected before IDLE is allowed to be
reasserted.
0 Normal receiver operation.
1 LPUART receiver in standby waiting for wakeup condition.
16
SBK
Send Break
Writing a 1 and then a 0 to SBK queues a break character in the transmit data stream. Additional break
characters of 10 to 13, or 13 to 16 if LPUART_STATBRK13] is set, bit times of logic 0 are queued as long
as SBK is set. Depending on the timing of the set and clear of SBK relative to the information currently
being transmitted, a second break character may be queued before software clears SBK.
0 Normal transmitter operation.
1 Queue break character(s) to be sent.
15
MA1IE
Match 1 Interrupt Enable
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 45 Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (LPUART)
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LPUARTx_CTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 MA1F interrupt disabled
1 MA1F interrupt enabled
14
MA2IE
Match 2 Interrupt Enable
0 MA2F interrupt disabled
1 MA2F interrupt enabled
13–11
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
10–8
IDLECFG
Idle Configuration
Configures the number of idle characters that must be received before the IDLE flag is set.
000 1 idle character
001 2 idle characters
010 4 idle characters
011 8 idle characters
100 16 idle characters
101 32 idle characters
110 64 idle characters
111 128 idle characters
7
LOOPS
Loop Mode Select
When LOOPS is set, the LPUART_RX pin is disconnected from the LPUART and the transmitter output is
internally connected to the receiver input. The transmitter and the receiver must be enabled to use the
loop function.
0 Normal operation - LPUART_RX and LPUART_TX use separate pins.
1 Loop mode or single-wire mode where transmitter outputs are internally connected to receiver input
(see RSRC bit).
6
DOZEEN
Doze Enable
0 LPUART is enabled in Doze mode.
1 LPUART is disabled in Doze mode.
5
RSRC
Receiver Source Select
This field has no meaning or effect unless the LOOPS field is set. When LOOPS is set, the RSRC field
determines the source for the receiver shift register input.
0 Provided LOOPS is set, RSRC is cleared, selects internal loop back mode and the LPUART does not
use the LPUART_RX pin.
1 Single-wire LPUART mode where the LPUART_TX pin is connected to the transmitter output and
receiver input.
4
M
9-Bit or 8-Bit Mode Select
0 Receiver and transmitter use 8-bit data characters.
1 Receiver and transmitter use 9-bit data characters.
3
WAKE
Receiver Wakeup Method Select
Determines which condition wakes the LPUART when RWU=1:
• Address mark in the most significant bit position of a received data character, or
• An idle condition on the receive pin input signal.
Table continues on the next page...
Register definition
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LPUARTx_CTRL field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Configures RWU for idle-line wakeup.
1 Configures RWU with address-mark wakeup.
2
ILT
Idle Line Type Select
Determines when the receiver starts counting logic 1s as idle character bits. The count begins either after
a valid start bit or after the stop bit. If the count begins after the start bit, then a string of logic 1s preceding
the stop bit can cause false recognition of an idle character. Beginning the count after the stop bit avoids
false idle character recognition, but requires properly synchronized transmissions.
NOTE: In case the LPUART is programmed with ILT = 1, a logic 0 is automatically shifted after a
received stop bit, therefore resetting the idle count.
0 Idle character bit count starts after start bit.
1 Idle character bit count starts after stop bit.
1
PE
Parity Enable
Enables hardware parity generation and checking. When parity is enabled, the bit immediately before the
stop bit is treated as the parity bit.
0 No hardware parity generation or checking.
1 Parity enabled.
0
PT
Parity Type
Provided parity is enabled (PE = 1), this bit selects even or odd parity. Odd parity means the total number
of 1s in the data character, including the parity bit, is odd. Even parity means the total number of 1s in the
data character, including the parity bit, is even.
0 Even parity.
1 Odd parity.
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45.2.4 LPUART Data Register (LPUARTx_DATA)
This register is actually two separate registers. Reads return the contents of the read-only
receive data buffer and writes go to the write-only transmit data buffer. Reads and writes
of this register are also involved in the automatic flag clearing mechanisms for some of
the LPUART status flags.
Address: 4002_A000h base + Ch offset = 4002_A00Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R
NOISY
PARITYE
FRETSC
RXEMPT
IDLINE
0
R9T9 R8T8 R7T7 R6T6 R5T5 R4T4 R3T3 R2T2 R1T1 R0T0
W
Reset 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPUARTx_DATA field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
15
NOISY
The current received dataword contained in DATA[R9:R0] was received with noise.
0 The dataword was received without noise.
1 The data was received with noise.
Table continues on the next page...
Register definition
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LPUARTx_DATA field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
14
PARITYE
The current received dataword contained in DATA[R9:R0] was received with a parity error.
0 The dataword was received without a parity error.
1 The dataword was received with a parity error.
13
FRETSC
Frame Error / Transmit Special Character
For reads, indicates the current received dataword contained in DATA[R9:R0] was received with a frame
error. For writes, indicates a break or idle character is to be transmitted instead of the contents in
DATA[T9:T0]. T9 is used to indicate a break character when 0 and a idle character when 1, he contents of
DATA[T8:T0] should be zero.
0 The dataword was received without a frame error on read, transmit a normal character on write.
1 The dataword was received with a frame error, transmit an idle or break character on transmit.
12
RXEMPT
Receive Buffer Empty
Asserts when there is no data in the receive buffer. This field does not take into account data that is in the
receive shift register.
0 Receive buffer contains valid data.
1 Receive buffer is empty, data returned on read is not valid.
11
IDLINE
Idle Line
Indicates the receiver line was idle before receiving the character in DATA[9:0]. Unlike the IDLE flag, this
bit can set for the first character received when the receiver is first enabled.
0 Receiver was not idle before receiving this character.
1 Receiver was idle before receiving this character.
10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
9
R9T9
Read receive data buffer 9 or write transmit data buffer 9.
8
R8T8
Read receive data buffer 8 or write transmit data buffer 8.
7
R7T7
Read receive data buffer 7 or write transmit data buffer 7.
6
R6T6
Read receive data buffer 6 or write transmit data buffer 6.
5
R5T5
Read receive data buffer 5 or write transmit data buffer 5.
4
R4T4
Read receive data buffer 4 or write transmit data buffer 4.
3
R3T3
Read receive data buffer 3 or write transmit data buffer 3.
2
R2T2
Read receive data buffer 2 or write transmit data buffer 2.
1
R1T1
Read receive data buffer 1 or write transmit data buffer 1.
0
R0T0
Read receive data buffer 0 or write transmit data buffer 0.
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45.2.5 LPUART Match Address Register (LPUARTx_MATCH)
Address: 4002_A000h base + 10h offset = 4002_A010h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0MA2 0MA1
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LPUARTx_MATCH field descriptions
Field Description
31–26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25–16
MA2
Match Address 2
The MA1 and MA2 registers are compared to input data addresses when the most significant bit is set and
the associated BAUD[MAEN] bit is set. If a match occurs, the following data is transferred to the data
register. If a match fails, the following data is discarded. Software should only write a MA register when the
associated BAUD[MAEN] bit is clear.
15–10
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
MA1 Match Address 1
The MA1 and MA2 registers are compared to input data addresses when the most significant bit is set and
the associated BAUD[MAEN] bit is set. If a match occurs, the following data is transferred to the data
register. If a match fails, the following data is discarded. Software should only write a MA register when the
associated BAUD[MAEN] bit is clear.
45.2.6 LPUART Modem IrDA Register (LPUARTx_MODIR)
The MODEM register controls options for setting the modem configuration.
Address: 4002_A000h base + 14h offset = 4002_A014h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
IREN TNP
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
TXCTSSRC
TXCTSC
RXRTSE
TXRTSPOL
TXRTSE
TXCTSE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Register definition
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LPUARTx_MODIR field descriptions
Field Description
31–19
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
18
IREN
Infrared enable
Enables/disables the infrared modulation/demodulation.
0 IR disabled.
1 IR enabled.
17–16
TNP
Transmitter narrow pulse
Enables whether the LPUART transmits a 1/OSR, 2/OSR, 3/OSR or 4/OSR narrow pulse.
00 1/OSR.
01 2/OSR.
10 3/OSR.
11 4/OSR.
15–6
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
5
TXCTSSRC
Transmit CTS Source
Configures the source of the CTS input.
0 CTS input is the LPUART_CTS pin.
1 CTS input is the inverted Receiver Match result.
4
TXCTSC
Transmit CTS Configuration
Configures if the CTS state is checked at the start of each character or only when the transmitter is idle.
0 CTS input is sampled at the start of each character.
1 CTS input is sampled when the transmitter is idle.
3
RXRTSE
Receiver request-to-send enable
Allows the RTS output to control the CTS input of the transmitting device to prevent receiver overrun.
NOTE: Do not set both RXRTSE and TXRTSE.
0 The receiver has no effect on RTS.
1 RTS is deasserted if the receiver data register is full or a start bit has been detected that would cause
the receiver data register to become full. RTS is asserted if the receiver data register is not full and
has not detected a start bit that would cause the receiver data register to become full.
2
TXRTSPOL
Transmitter request-to-send polarity
Controls the polarity of the transmitter RTS. TXRTSPOL does not affect the polarity of the receiver RTS.
RTS will remain negated in the active low state unless TXRTSE is set.
0 Transmitter RTS is active low.
1 Transmitter RTS is active high.
1
TXRTSE
Transmitter request-to-send enable
Controls RTS before and after a transmission.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 45 Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (LPUART)
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LPUARTx_MODIR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 The transmitter has no effect on RTS.
1 When a character is placed into an empty transmitter data buffer , RTS asserts one bit time before the
start bit is transmitted. RTS deasserts one bit time after all characters in the transmitter data buffer
and shift register are completely sent, including the last stop bit.
0
TXCTSE
Transmitter clear-to-send enable
TXCTSE controls the operation of the transmitter. TXCTSE can be set independently from the state of
TXRTSE and RXRTSE.
0 CTS has no effect on the transmitter.
1 Enables clear-to-send operation. The transmitter checks the state of CTS each time it is ready to send
a character. If CTS is asserted, the character is sent. If CTS is deasserted, the signal TXD remains in
the mark state and transmission is delayed until CTS is asserted. Changes in CTS as a character is
being sent do not affect its transmission.
45.3 Functional description
The LPUART supports full-duplex, asynchronous, NRZ serial communication and
comprises a baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver block. The transmitter and
receiver operate independently, although they use the same baud rate generator. The
following describes each of the blocks of the LPUART.
45.3.1 Baud rate generation
A 13-bit modulus counter in the baud rate generator derive the baud rate for both the
receiver and the transmitter. The value from 1 to 8191 written to SBR[12:0] determines
the baud clock divisor for the asynchronous LPUART baud clock. The SBR bits are in
the LPUART baud rate registers, BDH and BDL. The baud rate clock drives the receiver,
while the transmitter is driven by the baud rate clock divided by the over sampling ratio.
Depending on the over sampling ratio, the receiver has an acquisition rate of 4 to 32
samples per bit time.
Functional description
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Rx Sampling Clock
[(OSR+1) × Baud Rate]
Baud Rate =
Modulo Divide By
(1 through 8191)
LPUART ASYNCH
Module Clock
LPUART ASYNCH Module Clock
Divide By
(OSR+1)
OSR
SBR[12:0]
Baud Rate Generator
Off If [SBR12:SBR0] =0
SBR[12:0] × (OSR+1)
Tx Baud Rate
Figure 45-3. LPUART baud rate generation
Baud rate generation is subject to two sources of error:
• Integer division of the asynchronous LPUART baud clock may not give the exact
target frequency.
• Synchronization with the asynchronous LPUART baud clock can cause phase shift.
45.3.2 Transmitter functional description
This section describes the overall block diagram for the LPUART transmitter, as well as
specialized functions for sending break and idle characters.
The transmitter output (LPUART_TX) idle state defaults to logic high, CTRL[TXINV] is
cleared following reset. The transmitter output is inverted by setting CTRL[TXINV]. The
transmitter is enabled by setting the CTRL[TE] bit. This queues a preamble character that
is one full character frame of the idle state. The transmitter then remains idle until data is
available in the transmit data buffer. Programs store data into the transmit data buffer by
writing to the LPUART data register.
The central element of the LPUART transmitter is the transmit shift register that is 10-bit
to 13 bits long depending on the setting in the CTRL[M], BAUD[M10] and
BAUD[SBNS] control bits. For the remainder of this section, assume CTRL[M],
BAUD[M10] and BAUD[SBNS] are cleared, selecting the normal 8-bit data mode. In 8-
bit data mode, the shift register holds a start bit, eight data bits, and a stop bit. When the
transmit shift register is available for a new character, the value waiting in the transmit
data register is transferred to the shift register, synchronized with the baud rate clock, and
the transmit data register empty (STAT[TDRE]) status flag is set to indicate another
character may be written to the transmit data buffer at LPUART_DATA.
If no new character is waiting in the transmit data buffer after a stop bit is shifted out the
LPUART_TX pin, the transmitter sets the transmit complete flag and enters an idle
mode, with LPUART_TX high, waiting for more characters to transmit.
Chapter 45 Low Power Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (LPUART)
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Writing 0 to CTRL[TE] does not immediately disable the transmitter. The current
transmit activity in progress must first be completed (that could include a data character,
idle character or break character), although the transmitter will not start transmitting
another character.
45.3.2.1 Send break and queued idle
The LPUART_CTRL[SBK] bit sends break characters originally used to gain the
attention of old teletype receivers. Break characters are a full character time of logic 0,
10-bit to 12-bit times including the start and stop bits. A longer break of 13-bit times can
be enabled by setting LPUART_STAT[BRK13]. Normally, a program would wait for
LPUART_STAT[TDRE] to become set to indicate the last character of a message has
moved to the transmit shifter, write 1, and then write 0 to the LPUART_CTRL[SBK] bit.
This action queues a break character to be sent as soon as the shifter is available. If
LPUART_CTRL[SBK] remains 1 when the queued break moves into the shifter,
synchronized to the baud rate clock, an additional break character is queued. If the
receiving device is another LPUART, the break characters are received as 0s in all data
bits and a framing error (LPUART_STAT[FE] = 1) occurs.
A break character can also be transmitted by writing to the LPUART_DATA register
with bit 13 set and the data bits clear. This supports transmitting the break character as
part of the normal data stream and also allows the DMA to transmit a break character.
When idle-line wakeup is used, a full character time of idle (logic 1) is needed between
messages to wake up any sleeping receivers. Normally, a program would wait for
LPUART_STAT[TDRE] to become set to indicate the last character of a message has
moved to the transmit shifter, then write 0 and then write 1 to the LPUART_CTRL[TE]
bit. This action queues an idle character to be sent as soon as the shifter is available. As
long as the character in the shifter does not finish while LPUART_CTRL[TE] is cleared,
the LPUART transmitter never actually releases control of the LPUART_TX pin.
An idle character can also be transmitted by writing to the LPUART_DATA register with
bit 13 set and the data bits also set. This supports transmitting the idle character as part of
the normal data stream and also allows the DMA to transmit a break character.
The length of the break character is affected by the LPUART_STAT[BRK13],
LPUART_CTRL[M], LPUART_BAUD[M10] and LPUART_BAUD[SNBS] bits as
shown below.
Functional description
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Table 45-1. Break character length
BRK13 M M10 SBNS Break character
length
0 0 0 0 10 bit times
0 0 0 1 11 bit times
0 1 0 0 11 bit times
0 1 0 1 12 bit times
0 X 1 0 12 bit times
0 X 1 1 13 bit times
1 0 0 0 13 bit times
1 0 0 1 13 bit times
1 1 0 0 14 bit times
1 1 0 1 14 bit times
1 X 1 0 15 bit times
1 X 1 1 15 bit times
45.3.2.2 Hardware flow control
The transmitter supports hardware flow control by gating the transmission with the value
of CTS. If the clear-to-send operation is enabled, the character is transmitted when CTS
is asserted. If CTS is deasserted in the middle of a transmission with characters remaining
in the receiver data buffer, the character in the shift register is sent and LPUART_TX
remains in the mark state until CTS is reasserted.
If the clear-to-send operation is disabled, the transmitter ignores the state of CTS.
The transmitter's CTS signal can also be enabled even if the same LPUART receiver's
RTS signal is disabled.
45.3.2.3 Transceiver driver enable
The transmitter can use LPUART_RTS as an enable signal for the driver of an external
transceiver. See Transceiver driver enable using LPUART_RTS for details. If the
request-to-send operation is enabled, when a character is placed into an empty transmitter
data buffer, LPUART_RTS asserts one bit time before the start bit is transmitted.
LPUART_RTS remains asserted for the whole time that the transmitter data buffer has
any characters. LPUART_RTS deasserts one bit time after all characters in the
transmitter data buffer and shift register are completely sent, including the last stop bit.
Transmitting a break character also asserts LPUART_RTS, with the same assertion and
deassertion timing as having a character in the transmitter data buffer.
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The transmitter's LPUART_RTS signal asserts only when the transmitter is enabled.
However, the transmitter's LPUART_RTS signal is unaffected by its LPUART_CTS
signal. LPUART_RTS will remain asserted until the transfer is completed, even if the
transmitter is disabled mid-way through a data transfer.
45.3.3 Receiver functional description
In this section, the receiver block diagram is a guide for the overall receiver functional
description. Next, the data sampling technique used to reconstruct receiver data is
described in more detail. Finally, different variations of the receiver wakeup function are
explained.
The receiver input is inverted by setting LPUART_STAT[RXINV]. The receiver is
enabled by setting the LPUART_CTRL[RE] bit. Character frames consist of a start bit of
logic 0, eight to ten data bits (msb or lsb first), and one or two stop bits of logic 1. For
information about 9-bit or 10-bit data mode, refer to 8-bit, 9-bit and 10-bit data modes.
For the remainder of this discussion, assume the LPUART is configured for normal 8-bit
data mode.
After receiving the stop bit into the receive shifter, and provided the receive data register
is not already full, the data character is transferred to the receive data register and the
receive data register full (LPUART_STAT[RDRF]) status flag is set. If
LPUART_STAT[RDRF] was already set indicating the receive data register (buffer) was
already full, the overrun (OR) status flag is set and the new data is lost. Because the
LPUART receiver is double-buffered, the program has one full character time after
LPUART_STAT[RDRF] is set before the data in the receive data buffer must be read to
avoid a receiver overrun.
When a program detects that the receive data register is full (LPUART_STAT[RDRF] =
1), it gets the data from the receive data register by reading LPUART_DATA. Refer to
Interrupts and status flags for details about flag clearing.
45.3.3.1 Data sampling technique
The LPUART receiver supports a configurable oversampling rate of between 4× and 32×
of the baud rate clock for sampling. The receiver starts by taking logic level samples at
the oversampling rate times the baud rate to search for a falling edge on the
LPUART_RX serial data input pin. A falling edge is defined as a logic 0 sample after
three consecutive logic 1 samples. The oversampling baud rate clock divides the bit time
into 4 to 32 segments from 1 to OSR (where OSR is the configured oversampling ratio).
When a falling edge is located, three more samples are taken at (OSR/2), (OSR/2)+1, and
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(OSR/2)+2 to make sure this was a real start bit and not merely noise. If at least two of
these three samples are 0, the receiver assumes it is synchronized to a received character.
If another falling edge is detected before the receiver is considered synchronized, the
receiver restarts the sampling from the first segment.
The receiver then samples each bit time, including the start and stop bits, at (OSR/2),
(OSR/2)+1, and (OSR/2)+2 to determine the logic level for that bit. The logic level is
interpreted to be that of the majority of the samples taken during the bit time. If any
sample in any bit time, including the start and stop bits, in a character frame fails to agree
with the logic level for that bit, the noise flag (LPUART_STAT[NF]) is set when the
received character is transferred to the receive data buffer.
When the LPUART receiver is configured to sample on both edges of the baud rate
clock, the number of segments in each received bit is effectively doubled (from 1 to
OSR×2). The start and data bits are then sampled at OSR, OSR+1 and OSR+2. Sampling
on both edges of the clock must be enabled for oversampling rates of 4× to 7× and is
optional for higher oversampling rates.
The falling edge detection logic continuously looks for falling edges. If an edge is
detected, the sample clock is resynchronized to bit times (unless resynchronization has
been disabled). This improves the reliability of the receiver in the presence of noise or
mismatched baud rates. It does not improve worst case analysis because some characters
do not have any extra falling edges anywhere in the character frame.
In the case of a framing error, provided the received character was not a break character,
the sampling logic that searches for a falling edge is filled with three logic 1 samples so
that a new start bit can be detected almost immediately.
45.3.3.2 Receiver wakeup operation
Receiver wakeup and receiver address matching is a hardware mechanism that allows an
LPUART receiver to ignore the characters in a message intended for a different receiver.
During receiver wakeup, all receivers evaluate the first character(s) of each message, and
as soon as they determine the message is intended for a different receiver, they write
logic 1 to the receiver wake up control bit (LPUART_CTRL[RWU]). When RWU bit
and LPUART_S2[RWUID] bit are set, the status flags associated with the receiver, with
the exception of the idle bit, IDLE, are inhibited from setting, thus eliminating the
software overhead for handling the unimportant message characters. At the end of a
message, or at the beginning of the next message, all receivers automatically force
LPUART_CTRL[RWU] to 0 so all receivers wake up in time to look at the first
character(s) of the next message.
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During receiver address matching, the address matching is performed in hardware and the
LPUART receiver will ignore all characters that do not meet the address match
requirements.
Table 45-2. Receiver Wakeup Options
RWU MA1 | MA2 MATCFG WAKE:RWUID Receiver Wakeup
0 0 X X Normal operation
1 0 00 00 Receiver wakeup on
idle line, IDLE flag not
set
1 0 00 01 Receiver wakeup on
idle line, IDLE flag set
1 0 00 10 Receiver wakeup on
address mark
1 1 11 X0 Receiver wakeup on
data match
0 1 00 X0 Address mark address
match, IDLE flag not set
for discarded
characters
0 1 00 X1 Address mark address
match, IDLE flag set for
discarded characters
0 1 01 X0 Idle line address match
0 1 10 X0 Address match on and
address match off,
IDLE flag not set for
discarded characters
0 1 10 X1 Address match on and
address match off,
IDLE flag set for
discarded characters
45.3.3.2.1 Idle-line wakeup
When wake is cleared, the receiver is configured for idle-line wakeup. In this mode,
LPUART_CTRL[RWU] is cleared automatically when the receiver detects a full
character time of the idle-line level. The LPUART_CTRL[M] and
LPUART_BAUD[M10] control bit selects 8-bit to 10-bit data mode and the
LPUART_BAUD[SBNS] bit selects 1-bit or 2-bit stop bit number that determines how
many bit times of idle are needed to constitute a full character time, 10 to 13 bit times
because of the start and stop bits.
When LPUART_CTRL[RWU] is one and LPUART_STAT[RWUID] is zero, the idle
condition that wakes up the receiver does not set the LPUART_STAT[IDLE] flag. The
receiver wakes up and waits for the first data character of the next message that sets the
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LPUART_STAT[RDRF] flag and generates an interrupt if enabled. When
LPUART_STAT[RWUID] is one, any idle condition sets the LPUART_STAT[IDLE]
flag and generates an interrupt if enabled, regardless of whether LPUART_CTRL[RWU]
is zero or one.
The idle-line type (LPUART_CTRL[ILT]) control bit selects one of two ways to detect
an idle line. When LPUART_CTRL[ILT] is cleared, the idle bit counter starts after the
start bit so the stop bit and any logic 1s at the end of a character count toward the full
character time of idle. When LPUART_CTRL[ILT] is set, the idle bit counter does not
start until after the stop bit time, so the idle detection is not affected by the data in the last
character of the previous message.
45.3.3.2.2 Address-mark wakeup
When LPUART_CTRL[WAKE] is set, the receiver is configured for address-mark
wakeup. In this mode, LPUART_CTRL[RWU] is cleared automatically when the
receiver detects a logic 1 in the most significant bit of a received character.
Address-mark wakeup allows messages to contain idle characters, but requires the MSB
be reserved for use in address frames. The logic 1 in the MSB of an address frame clears
the LPUART_CTRL[RWU] bit before the stop bits are received and sets the
LPUART_STAT[RDRF] flag. In this case, the character with the MSB set is received
even though the receiver was sleeping during most of this character time.
45.3.3.2.3 Data match wakeup
When LPUART_CTRL[RWU] is set and LPUART_BAUD[MATCFG] equals 11, the
receiver is configured for data match wakeup. In this mode, LPUART_CTRL[RWU] is
cleared automatically when the receiver detects a character that matches MATCH[MA1]
field when BAUD[MAEN1] is set, or that matches MATCH[MA2] when
BAUD[MAEN2] is set.
45.3.3.2.4 Address Match operation
Address match operation is enabled when the LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] or
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] bit is set and LPUART_BAUD[MATCFG] is equal to 00. In
this function, a character received by the LPUART_RX pin with a logic 1 in the bit
position immediately preceding the stop bit is considered an address and is compared
with the associated MATCH[MA1] or MATCH[MA2] field. The character is only
transferred to the receive buffer, and LPUART_STAT[RDRF] is set, if the comparison
matches. All subsequent characters received with a logic 0 in the bit position immediately
preceding the stop bit are considered to be data associated with the address and are
transferred to the receive data buffer. If no marked address match occurs then no transfer
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is made to the receive data buffer, and all following characters with logic zero in the bit
position immediately preceding the stop bit are also discarded. If both the
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] bits are negated, the
receiver operates normally and all data received is transferred to the receive data buffer.
Address match operation functions in the same way for both MATCH[MA1] and
MATCH[MA2] fields.
• If only one of LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] is
asserted, a marked address is compared only with the associated match register and
data is transferred to the receive data buffer only on a match.
• If LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] are asserted, a
marked address is compared with both match registers and data is transferred only on
a match with either register.
45.3.3.2.5 Idle Match operation
Idle match operation is enabled when the LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] or
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] bit is set and LPUART_BAUD[MATCFG] is equal to 01. In
this function, the first character received by the LPUART_RX pin after an idle line
condition is considered an address and is compared with the associated MA1 or MA2
register. The character is only transferred to the receive buffer, and
LPUART_STAT[RDRF] is set, if the comparison matches. All subsequent characters are
considered to be data associated with the address and are transferred to the receive data
buffer until the next idle line condition is detected. If no address match occurs then no
transfer is made to the receive data buffer, and all following frames until the next idle
condition are also discarded. If both the LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] bits are negated, the receiver operates normally and all data
received is transferred to the receive data buffer.
Idle match operation functions in the same way for both MA1 and MA2 registers.
• If only one of LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] is
asserted, the first character after an idle line is compared only with the associated
match register and data is transferred to the receive data buffer only on a match.
• If LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] are asserted, the first
character after an idle line is compared with both match registers and data is
transferred only on a match with either register.
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45.3.3.2.6 Match On Match Off operation
Match on, match off operation is enabled when both LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] are set and LPUART_BAUD[MATCFG] is equal to 10. In
this function, a character received by the LPUART_RX pin that matches MATCH[MA1]
is received and transferred to the receive buffer, and LPUART_STAT[RDRF] is set. All
subsequent characters are considered to be data and are also transferred to the receive
data buffer, until a character is received that matches MATCH[MA2] register. The
character that matches MATCH[MA2] and all following characters are discarded, this
continues until another character that matches MATCH[MA1] is received. If both the
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] bits are negated, the
receiver operates normally and all data received is transferred to the receive data buffer.
NOTE
Match on, match off operation requires both
LPUART_BAUD[MAEN1] and LPUART_BAUD[MAEN2] to
be asserted.
45.3.3.3 Hardware flow control
To support hardware flow control, the receiver can be programmed to automatically
deassert and assert LPUART_RTS.
• LPUART_RTS remains asserted until the transfer is complete, even if the transmitter
is disabled midway through a data transfer. See Transceiver driver enable using
LPUART_RTS for more details.
• If the receiver request-to-send functionality is enabled, the receiver automatically
deasserts LPUART_RTS if the number of characters in the receiver data register is
full or a start bit is detected that will cause the receiver data register to be full.
• The receiver asserts LPUART_RTS when the number of characters in the receiver
data register is not full and has not detected a start bit that will cause the receiver data
register to be full. It is not affected if STAT[RDRF] is asserted.
• Even if LPUART_RTS is deasserted, the receiver continues to receive characters
until the receiver data buffer is overrun.
• If the receiver request-to-send functionality is disabled, the receiver LPUART_RTS
remains deasserted.
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45.3.3.4 Infrared decoder
The infrared decoder converts the received character from the IrDA format to the NRZ
format used by the receiver. It also has a OSR oversampling baud rate clock counter that
filters noise and indicates when a 1 is received.
45.3.3.4.1 Start bit detection
When STAT[RXINV] is cleared, the first falling edge of the received character
corresponds to the start bit. The infrared decoder resets its counter. At this time, the
receiver also begins its start bit detection process. After the start bit is detected, the
receiver synchronizes its bit times to this start bit time. For the rest of the character
reception, the infrared decoder's counter and the receiver's bit time counter count
independently from each other.
45.3.3.4.2 Noise filtering
Any further rising edges detected during the first half of the infrared decoder counter are
ignored by the decoder. Any pulses less than one oversampling baud clock can be
undetected by it regardless of whether it is seen in the first or second half of the count.
45.3.3.4.3 Low-bit detection
During the second half of the decoder count, a rising edge is decoded as a 0, which is sent
to the receiver. The decoder counter is also reset.
45.3.3.4.4 High-bit detection
At OSR oversampling baud rate clocks after the previous rising edge, if a rising edge is
not seen, then the decoder sends a 1 to the receiver.
If the next bit is a 0, which arrives late, then a low-bit is detected according to Low-bit
detection. The value sent to the receiver is changed from 1 to a 0. Then, if a noise pulse
occurs outside the receiver's bit time sampling period, then the delay of a 0 is not
recorded as noise.
45.3.4 Additional LPUART functions
The following sections describe additional LPUART functions.
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45.3.4.1 8-bit, 9-bit and 10-bit data modes
The LPUART transmitter and receiver can be configured to operate in 9-bit data mode by
setting the LPUART_CTRL[M] or 10-bit data mode by setting LPUART_CTRL[M10].
In 9-bit mode, there is a ninth data bit in 10-bit mode there is a tenth data bit. For the
transmit data buffer, these bits are stored in LPUART_CTRL[T8] and
LPUART_CTRL[T9]. For the receiver, these bits are held in LPUART_CTRL[R8] and
LPUART_CTRL[R9]. They are also accessible via 16-bit or 32-bit accesses to the
LPUART_DATA register.
For coherent 8-bit writes to the transmit data buffer, write to LPUART_CTRL[T8] and
LPUART_CTRL[T9] before writing to LPUART_DATA[7:0]. For 16-bit and 32-bit
writes to the LPUART_DATA register all 10 transmit bits are written to the transmit data
buffer at the same time.
If the bit values to be transmitted as the ninth and tenth bit of a new character are the
same as for the previous character, it is not necessary to write to LPUART_CTRL[T8]
and LPUART_CTRL[T9] again. When data is transferred from the transmit data buffer to
the transmit shifter, the value in LPUART_CTRL[T8] and LPUART_CTRL[T9] is
copied at the same time data is transferred from LPUART_DATA[7:0] to the shifter.
The 9-bit data mode is typically used with parity to allow eight bits of data plus the parity
in the ninth bit, or it is used with address-mark wakeup so the ninth data bit can serve as
the wakeup bit. The 10-bit data mode is typically used with parity and address-mark
wakeup so the ninth data bit can serve as the wakeup bit and the tenth bit as the parity bit.
In custom protocols, the ninth and/or tenth bits can also serve as software-controlled
markers.
45.3.4.2 Idle length
An idle character is a character where the start bit, all data bits and stop bits are in the
mark postion. The CTRL[ILT] register can be configured to start detecting an idle
character from the previous start bit (any data bits and stop bits count towards the idle
character detection) or from the previous stop bit.
The number of idle characters that must be received before an idle line condition is
detected can also be configured using the CTRL[IDLECFG] field. This field configures
the number of idle characters that must be received before the STAT[IDLE] flag is set,
the STAT[RAF] flag is cleared and the DATA[IDLINE] flag is set with the next received
character.
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Idle-line wakeup and idle match operation are also affected by the CTRL[IDLECFG]
field. When address match or match on/off operation is enabled, setting the
STAT[RWUID] bit will cause any discarded characters to be treated as if they were idle
characters.
45.3.4.3 Loop mode
When LPUART_CTRL[LOOPS] is set, the LPUART_CTRL[RSRC] bit in the same
register chooses between loop mode (LPUART_CTRL[RSRC] = 0) or single-wire mode
(LPUART_CTRL[RSRC] = 1). Loop mode is sometimes used to check software,
independent of connections in the external system, to help isolate system problems. In
this mode, the transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver input and the
LPUART_RX pin is not used by the LPUART.
45.3.4.4 Single-wire operation
When LPUART_CTRL[LOOPS] is set, the RSRC bit in the same register chooses
between loop mode (LPUART_CTRL[RSRC] = 0) or single-wire mode
(LPUART_CTRL[RSRC] = 1). Single-wire mode implements a half-duplex serial
connection. The receiver is internally connected to the transmitter output and to the
LPUART_TX pin (the LPUART_RX pin is not used).
In single-wire mode, the LPUART_CTRL[TXDIR] bit controls the direction of serial
data on the LPUART_TX pin. When LPUART_CTRL[TXDIR] is cleared, the
LPUART_TX pin is an input to the receiver and the transmitter is temporarily
disconnected from the LPUART_TX pin so an external device can send serial data to the
receiver. When LPUART_CTRL[TXDIR] is set, the LPUART_TX pin is an output
driven by the transmitter, the internal loop back connection is disabled, and as a result the
receiver cannot receive characters that are sent out by the transmitter.
45.3.5 Infrared interface
The LPUART provides the capability of transmitting narrow pulses to an IR LED and
receiving narrow pulses and transforming them to serial bits, which are sent to the
LPUART. The IrDA physical layer specification defines a half-duplex infrared
communication link for exchanging data. The full standard includes data rates up to 16
Mbits/s. This design covers data rates only between 2.4 kbits/s and 115.2 kbits/s.
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The LPUART has an infrared transmit encoder and receive decoder. The LPUART
transmits serial bits of data that are encoded by the infrared submodule to transmit a
narrow pulse for every zero bit. No pulse is transmitted for every one bit. When receiving
data, the IR pulses are detected using an IR photo diode and transformed to CMOS levels
by the IR receive decoder, external from the LPUART. The narrow pulses are then
stretched by the infrared receive decoder to get back to a serial bit stream to be received
by the LPUART. The polarity of transmitted pulses and expected receive pulses can be
inverted so that a direct connection can be made to external IrDA transceiver modules
that use active high pulses.
The infrared submodule receives its clock sources from the LPUART. One of these two
clocks are selected in the infrared submodule to generate either 1/OSR, 2/OSR, 3/OSR, or
4/OSR narrow pulses during transmission.
45.3.5.1 Infrared transmit encoder
The infrared transmit encoder converts serial bits of data from transmit shift register to
the LPUART_TX signal. A narrow pulse is transmitted for a zero bit and no pulse for a
one bit. The narrow pulse is sent at the start of the bit with a duration of 1/OSR, 2/OSR,
3/OSR, or 4/OSR of a bit time. A narrow low pulse is transmitted for a zero bit when
LPUART_CTRL[TXINV] is cleared, while a narrow high pulse is transmitted for a zero
bit when LPUART_CTRL[TXINV] is set.
45.3.5.2 Infrared receive decoder
The infrared receive block converts data from the LPUART_RX signal to the receive
shift register. A narrow pulse is expected for each zero received and no pulse is expected
for each one received. A narrow low pulse is expected for a zero bit when
LPUART_STAT[RXINV] is cleared, while a narrow high pulse is expected for a zero bit
when LPUART_STAT[RXINV] is set. This receive decoder meets the edge jitter
requirement as defined by the IrDA serial infrared physical layer specification.
45.3.6 Interrupts and status flags
The LPUART transmitter has two status flags that can optionally generate hardware
interrupt requests. Transmit data register empty LPUART_STAT[TDRE]) indicates when
there is room in the transmit data buffer to write another transmit character to
LPUART_DATA. If the transmit interrupt enable LPUART_CTRL[TIE]) bit is set, a
hardware interrupt is requested when LPUART_STAT[TDRE] is set. Transmit complete
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(LPUART_STAT[TC]) indicates that the transmitter is finished transmitting all data,
preamble, and break characters and is idle with LPUART_TX at the inactive level. This
flag is often used in systems with modems to determine when it is safe to turn off the
modem. If the transmit complete interrupt enable (LPUART_CTRL[TCIE]) bit is set, a
hardware interrupt is requested when LPUART_STAT[TC] is set. Instead of hardware
interrupts, software polling may be used to monitor the LPUART_STAT[TDRE] and
LPUART_STAT[TC] status flags if the corresponding LPUART_CTRL[TIE] or
LPUART_CTRL[TCIE] local interrupt masks are cleared.
When a program detects that the receive data register is full (LPUART_STAT[RDRF] =
1), it gets the data from the receive data register by reading LPUART_DATA. The
LPUART_STAT[RDRF] flag is cleared by reading LPUART_DATA.
The IDLE status flag includes logic that prevents it from getting set repeatedly when the
LPUART_RX line remains idle for an extended period of time. IDLE is cleared by
writing 1 to the LPUART_STAT[IDLE] flag. After LPUART_STAT[IDLE] has been
cleared, it cannot become set again until the receiver has received at least one new
character and has set LPUART_STAT[RDRF].
If the associated error was detected in the received character that caused
LPUART_STAT[RDRF] to be set, the error flags - noise flag (LPUART_STAT[NF]),
framing error (LPUART_STAT[FE]), and parity error flag (LPUART_STAT[PF]) - are
set at the same time as LPUART_STAT[RDRF]. These flags are not set in overrun cases.
If LPUART_STAT[RDRF] was already set when a new character is ready to be
transferred from the receive shifter to the receive data buffer, the overrun
(LPUART_STAT[OR]) flag is set instead of the data along with any associated NF, FE,
or PF condition is lost.
If the received character matches the contents of MATCH[MA1] and/or MATCH[MA2]
then the LPUART_STAT[MA1F] and/or LPUART_STAT[MA2F] flags are set at the
same time that LPUART_STAT[RDRF] is set.
At any time, an active edge on the LPUART_RX serial data input pin causes the
LPUART_STAT[RXEDGIF] flag to set. The LPUART_STAT[RXEDGIF] flag is
cleared by writing a 1 to it. This function depends on the receiver being enabled
(LPUART_CTRL[RE] = 1).
Functional description
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Chapter 46
Integrated Interchip Sound (I2S) / Synchronous
Audio Interface (SAI)
46.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The I2S (or I2S) module provides a synchronous audio interface (SAI) that supports full-
duplex serial interfaces with frame synchronization such as I2S, AC97, TDM, and
codec/DSP interfaces.
46.1.1 Features
Note that some of the features are not supported across all SAI instances; see the chip-
specific information in the first section of this chapter.
• Transmitter with independent bit clock and frame sync supporting 1 data line
• Receiver with independent bit clock and frame sync supporting 1 data line
• Maximum Frame Size of 16 words
• Word size of between 8-bits and 32-bits
• Word size configured separately for first word and remaining words in frame
• Asynchronous 8 × 32-bit FIFO for each transmit and receive channel
• Supports graceful restart after FIFO error
• Supports automatic restart after FIFO error without software intervention
• Supports packing of 8-bit and 16-bit data into each 32-bit FIFO word
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46.1.2 Block diagram
The following block diagram also shows the module clocks.
Write
FIFO
Control
FIFO
Read
FIFO
Control
Shift
Register
Control
Registers
Bit Clock
Generation
Frame
Sync
Control
Control
Registers
Bit Clock
Generation
Frame
Sync
Control
Read
FIFO
Control
FIFO
Write
FIFO
Control
Shift
Register
Bus
Clock
Audio
Clock
Bit
Clock
Bus
Clock
Transmitter
Receiver
Synchronous Mode
SAI_TX_DATA
SAI_TX_BCLK
SAI_TX_SYNC
SAI_RX_SYNC
SAI_RX_BCLK
SAI_RX_DATA
Bit
Clock
Figure 46-1. I2S/SAI block diagram
46.1.3 Modes of operation
The module operates in these power modes: Run mode, stop modes, low-leakage modes,
and Debug mode.
46.1.3.1 Run mode
In Run mode, the SAI transmitter and receiver operate normally.
46.1.3.2 Stop modes
In Stop mode, the SAI transmitter and/or receiver can continue operating provided the
appropriate Stop Enable bit is set (TCSR[STOPE] and/or RCSR[STOPE], respectively),
and provided the transmitter and/or receiver is/are using an externally generated bit clock
or an Audio Master Clock that remains operating in Stop mode. The SAI transmitter
and/or receiver can generate an asynchronous interrupt to wake the CPU from Stop mode.
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In Stop mode, if the Transmitter Stop Enable (TCSR[STOPE]) bit is clear, the transmitter
is disabled after completing the current transmit frame, and, if the Receiver Stop Enable
(RCSR[STOPE]) bit is clear, the receiver is disabled after completing the current receive
frame. Entry into Stop mode is prevented–not acknowledged–while waiting for the
transmitter and receiver to be disabled at the end of the current frame.
46.1.3.3 Low-leakage modes
When entering low-leakage modes, the Stop Enable (TCSR[STOPE] and
RCSR[STOPE]) bits are ignored and the SAI is disabled after completing the current
transmit and receive Frames. Entry into stop mode is prevented (not acknowledged)
while waiting for the transmitter and receiver to be disabled at the end of the current
frame.
46.1.3.4 Debug mode
In Debug mode, the SAI transmitter and/or receiver can continue operating provided the
Debug Enable bit is set. When TCSR[DBGE] or RCSR[DBGE] bit is clear and Debug
mode is entered, the SAI is disabled after completing the current transmit or receive
frame. The transmitter and receiver bit clocks are not affected by Debug mode.
46.2 External signals
Name Function I/O
SAI_TX_BCLK Transmit Bit Clock. The bit clock is an input when
externally generated and an output when
internally generated.
I/O
SAI_TX_SYNC Transmit Frame Sync. The frame sync is an input
sampled synchronously by the bit clock when
externally generated and an output generated
synchronously by the bit clock when internally
generated.
I/O
SAI_TX_DATA Transmit Data. The transmit data is generated
synchronously by the bit clock and is tristated
whenever not transmitting a word.
O
SAI_RX_BCLK Receive Bit Clock. The bit clock is an input when
externally generated and an output when
internally generated.
I/O
SAI_RX_SYNC Receive Frame Sync. The frame sync is an input
sampled synchronously by the bit clock when
I/O
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Name Function I/O
externally generated and an output generated
synchronously by the bit clock when internally
generated.
SAI_RX_DATA Receive Data. The receive data is sampled
synchronously by the bit clock.
I
SAI_MCLK Audio Master Clock. The master clock is an input
when externally generated and an output when
internally generated.
I/O
46.3 Memory map and register definition
A read or write access to an address from offset 0x108 and above will result in a bus
error.
I2S memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_F000 SAI Transmit Control Register (I2S0_TCSR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.1/1229
4002_F004 SAI Transmit Configuration 1 Register (I2S0_TCR1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.2/1232
4002_F008 SAI Transmit Configuration 2 Register (I2S0_TCR2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.3/1233
4002_F00C SAI Transmit Configuration 3 Register (I2S0_TCR3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.4/1234
4002_F010 SAI Transmit Configuration 4 Register (I2S0_TCR4) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.5/1235
4002_F014 SAI Transmit Configuration 5 Register (I2S0_TCR5) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.6/1237
4002_F020 SAI Transmit Data Register (I2S0_TDR0) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 46.3.7/1238
4002_F040 SAI Transmit FIFO Register (I2S0_TFR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 46.3.8/1238
4002_F060 SAI Transmit Mask Register (I2S0_TMR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.9/1239
4002_F080 SAI Receive Control Register (I2S0_RCSR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.10/
1240
4002_F084 SAI Receive Configuration 1 Register (I2S0_RCR1) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.11/
1243
4002_F088 SAI Receive Configuration 2 Register (I2S0_RCR2) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.12/
1243
4002_F08C SAI Receive Configuration 3 Register (I2S0_RCR3) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.13/
1245
4002_F090 SAI Receive Configuration 4 Register (I2S0_RCR4) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.14/
1246
4002_F094 SAI Receive Configuration 5 Register (I2S0_RCR5) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.15/
1248
4002_F0A0 SAI Receive Data Register (I2S0_RDR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 46.3.16/
1248
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I2S memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
4002_F0C0 SAI Receive FIFO Register (I2S0_RFR0) 32 R 0000_0000h 46.3.17/
1249
4002_F0E0 SAI Receive Mask Register (I2S0_RMR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.18/
1249
4002_F100 SAI MCLK Control Register (I2S0_MCR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.19/
1250
4002_F104 SAI MCLK Divide Register (I2S0_MDR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 46.3.20/
1251
46.3.1 SAI Transmit Control Register (I2Sx_TCSR)
Address: 4002_F000h base + 0h offset = 4002_F000h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
TE
STOPE
DBGE
BCE
0 0
SR
0
WSF
SEF FEF
FWF
FRF
WFR w1c w1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WSIE SEIE FEIE FWIE FRIE
0 0
FWDE
FRDE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TCSR field descriptions
Field Description
31
TE
Transmitter Enable
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I2Sx_TCSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Enables/disables the transmitter. When software clears this field, the transmitter remains enabled, and this
bit remains set, until the end of the current frame.
0 Transmitter is disabled.
1 Transmitter is enabled, or transmitter has been disabled and has not yet reached end of frame.
30
STOPE
Stop Enable
Configures transmitter operation in Stop mode. This field is ignored and the transmitter is disabled in all
low-leakage stop modes.
0 Transmitter disabled in Stop mode.
1 Transmitter enabled in Stop mode.
29
DBGE
Debug Enable
Enables/disables transmitter operation in Debug mode. The transmit bit clock is not affected by debug
mode.
0 Transmitter is disabled in Debug mode, after completing the current frame.
1 Transmitter is enabled in Debug mode.
28
BCE
Bit Clock Enable
Enables the transmit bit clock, separately from the TE. This field is automatically set whenever TE is set.
When software clears this field, the transmit bit clock remains enabled, and this bit remains set, until the
end of the current frame.
0 Transmit bit clock is disabled.
1 Transmit bit clock is enabled.
27–26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25
FR
FIFO Reset
Resets the FIFO pointers. Reading this field will always return zero. FIFO pointers should only be reset
when the transmitter is disabled or the FIFO error flag is set.
0 No effect.
1 FIFO reset.
24
SR
Software Reset
When set, resets the internal transmitter logic including the FIFO pointers. Software-visible registers are
not affected, except for the status registers.
0 No effect.
1 Software reset.
23–21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
20
WSF
Word Start Flag
Indicates that the start of the configured word has been detected. Write a logic 1 to this field to clear this
flag.
0 Start of word not detected.
1 Start of word detected.
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I2Sx_TCSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
19
SEF
Sync Error Flag
Indicates that an error in the externally-generated frame sync has been detected. Write a logic 1 to this
field to clear this flag.
0 Sync error not detected.
1 Frame sync error detected.
18
FEF
FIFO Error Flag
Indicates that an enabled transmit FIFO has underrun. Write a logic 1 to this field to clear this flag.
0 Transmit underrun not detected.
1 Transmit underrun detected.
17
FWF
FIFO Warning Flag
Indicates that an enabled transmit FIFO is empty.
0 No enabled transmit FIFO is empty.
1 Enabled transmit FIFO is empty.
16
FRF
FIFO Request Flag
Indicates that the number of words in an enabled transmit channel FIFO is less than or equal to the
transmit FIFO watermark.
0 Transmit FIFO watermark has not been reached.
1 Transmit FIFO watermark has been reached.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
WSIE
Word Start Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables word start interrupts.
0 Disables interrupt.
1 Enables interrupt.
11
SEIE
Sync Error Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables sync error interrupts.
0 Disables interrupt.
1 Enables interrupt.
10
FEIE
FIFO Error Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables FIFO error interrupts.
0 Disables the interrupt.
1 Enables the interrupt.
9
FWIE
FIFO Warning Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables FIFO warning interrupts.
0 Disables the interrupt.
1 Enables the interrupt.
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I2Sx_TCSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
8
FRIE
FIFO Request Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables FIFO request interrupts.
0 Disables the interrupt.
1 Enables the interrupt.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
FWDE
FIFO Warning DMA Enable
Enables/disables DMA requests.
0 Disables the DMA request.
1 Enables the DMA request.
0
FRDE
FIFO Request DMA Enable
Enables/disables DMA requests.
0 Disables the DMA request.
1 Enables the DMA request.
46.3.2 SAI Transmit Configuration 1 Register (I2Sx_TCR1)
Address: 4002_F000h base + 4h offset = 4002_F004h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0TFW
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TCR1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
TFW Transmit FIFO Watermark
Configures the watermark level for all enabled transmit channels.
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46.3.3 SAI Transmit Configuration 2 Register (I2Sx_TCR2)
This register must not be altered when TCSR[TE] is set.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 8h offset = 4002_F008h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RSYNC BCS BCI MSEL BCP BCD 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0DIV
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TCR2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–30
SYNC
Synchronous Mode
Configures between asynchronous and synchronous modes of operation. When configured for a
synchronous mode of operation, the receiver must be configured for asynchronous operation.
00 Asynchronous mode.
01 Synchronous with receiver.
29
BCS
Bit Clock Swap
This field swaps the bit clock used by the transmitter. When the transmitter is configured in asynchronous
mode and this bit is set, the transmitter is clocked by the receiver bit clock (SAI_RX_BCLK). This allows
the transmitter and receiver to share the same bit clock, but the transmitter continues to use the transmit
frame sync (SAI_TX_SYNC).
When the transmitter is configured in synchronous mode, the transmitter BCS field and receiver BCS field
must be set to the same value. When both are set, the transmitter and receiver are both clocked by the
transmitter bit clock (SAI_TX_BCLK) but use the receiver frame sync (SAI_RX_SYNC).
0 Use the normal bit clock source.
1 Swap the bit clock source.
28
BCI
Bit Clock Input
When this field is set and using an internally generated bit clock in either synchronous or asynchronous
mode, the bit clock actually used by the transmitter is delayed by the pad output delay (the transmitter is
clocked by the pad input as if the clock was externally generated). This has the effect of decreasing the
data input setup time, but increasing the data output valid time.
The slave mode timing from the datasheet should be used for the transmitter when this bit is set. In
synchronous mode, this bit allows the transmitter to use the slave mode timing from the datasheet, while
the receiver uses the master mode timing. This field has no effect when configured for an externally
generated bit clock .
0 No effect.
1 Internal logic is clocked as if bit clock was externally generated.
27–26
MSEL
MCLK Select
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I2Sx_TCR2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Selects the audio Master Clock option used to generate an internally generated bit clock. This field has no
effect when configured for an externally generated bit clock.
NOTE: Depending on the device, some Master Clock options might not be available. See the chip-
specific information for the meaning of each option.
00 Bus Clock selected.
01 Master Clock (MCLK) 1 option selected.
10 Master Clock (MCLK) 2 option selected.
11 Master Clock (MCLK) 3 option selected.
25
BCP
Bit Clock Polarity
Configures the polarity of the bit clock.
0 Bit clock is active high with drive outputs on rising edge and sample inputs on falling edge.
1 Bit clock is active low with drive outputs on falling edge and sample inputs on rising edge.
24
BCD
Bit Clock Direction
Configures the direction of the bit clock.
0 Bit clock is generated externally in Slave mode.
1 Bit clock is generated internally in Master mode.
23–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
DIV Bit Clock Divide
Divides down the audio master clock to generate the bit clock when configured for an internal bit clock.
The division value is (DIV + 1) * 2.
46.3.4 SAI Transmit Configuration 3 Register (I2Sx_TCR3)
Address: 4002_F000h base + Ch offset = 4002_F00Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 0 TCE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0WDFL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TCR3 field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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I2Sx_TCR3 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
23–17
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
16
TCE
Transmit Channel Enable
Enables the corresponding data channel for transmit operation. A channel must be enabled before its
FIFO is accessed. Changing this field will take effect immediately for generating the FIFO request and
warning flags, but at the end of each frame for transmit operation.
0 Transmit data channel N is disabled.
1 Transmit data channel N is enabled.
15–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
WDFL Word Flag Configuration
Configures which word sets the start of word flag. The value written must be one less than the word
number. For example, writing 0 configures the first word in the frame. When configured to a value greater
than TCR4[FRSZ], then the start of word flag is never set.
46.3.5 SAI Transmit Configuration 4 Register (I2Sx_TCR4)
This register must not be altered when TCSR[TE] is set.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 10h offset = 4002_F010h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
FCONT
0
FPACK
0
FRSZ
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
SYWD
0
MF FSE
ONDEM
FSP FSD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TCR4 field descriptions
Field Description
31–29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28
FCONT
FIFO Continue on Error
Configures when the SAI will continue transmitting after a FIFO error has been detected.
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I2Sx_TCR4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 On FIFO error, the SAI will continue from the start of the next frame after the FIFO error flag has been
cleared.
1 On FIFO error, the SAI will continue from the same word that caused the FIFO error to set after the
FIFO warning flag has been cleared.
27–26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25–24
FPACK
FIFO Packing Mode
Enables packing of 8-bit data or 16-bit data into each 32-bit FIFO word. If the word size is greater than 8-
bit or 16-bit then only the first 8-bit or 16-bits are loaded from the FIFO. The first word in each frame
always starts with a new 32-bit FIFO word and the first bit shifted must be configured within the first
packed word. When FIFO packing is enabled, the FIFO write pointer will only increment when the full 32-
bit FIFO word has been written by software.
00 FIFO packing is disabled
01 Reserved
10 8-bit FIFO packing is enabled
11 16-bit FIFO packing is enabled
23–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–16
FRSZ
Frame size
Configures the number of words in each frame. The value written must be one less than the number of
words in the frame. For example, write 0 for one word per frame. The maximum supported frame size is
16 words.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12–8
SYWD
Sync Width
Configures the length of the frame sync in number of bit clocks. The value written must be one less than
the number of bit clocks. For example, write 0 for the frame sync to assert for one bit clock only. The sync
width cannot be configured longer than the first word of the frame.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
MF
MSB First
Configures whether the LSB or the MSB is transmitted first.
0 LSB is transmitted first.
1 MSB is transmitted first.
3
FSE
Frame Sync Early
0 Frame sync asserts with the first bit of the frame.
1 Frame sync asserts one bit before the first bit of the frame.
2
ONDEM
On Demand Mode
When set, and the frame sync is generated internally, a frame sync is only generated when the FIFO
warning flag is clear.
0 Internal frame sync is generated continuously.
1 Internal frame sync is generated when the FIFO warning flag is clear.
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I2Sx_TCR4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
1
FSP
Frame Sync Polarity
Configures the polarity of the frame sync.
0 Frame sync is active high.
1 Frame sync is active low.
0
FSD
Frame Sync Direction
Configures the direction of the frame sync.
0 Frame sync is generated externally in Slave mode.
1 Frame sync is generated internally in Master mode.
46.3.6 SAI Transmit Configuration 5 Register (I2Sx_TCR5)
This register must not be altered when TCSR[TE] is set.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 14h offset = 4002_F014h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0WNW 0W0W 0FBT 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TCR5 field descriptions
Field Description
31–29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28–24
WNW
Word N Width
Configures the number of bits in each word, for each word except the first in the frame. The value written
must be one less than the number of bits per word. Word width of less than 8 bits is not supported.
23–21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
20–16
W0W
Word 0 Width
Configures the number of bits in the first word in each frame. The value written must be one less than the
number of bits in the first word. Word width of less than 8 bits is not supported if there is only one word per
frame.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12–8
FBT
First Bit Shifted
Configures the bit index for the first bit transmitted for each word in the frame. If configured for MSB First,
the index of the next bit transmitted is one less than the current bit transmitted. If configured for LSB First,
the index of the next bit transmitted is one more than the current bit transmitted. The value written must be
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I2Sx_TCR5 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
greater than or equal to the word width when configured for MSB First. The value written must be less
than or equal to 31-word width when configured for LSB First.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
46.3.7 SAI Transmit Data Register (I2Sx_TDRn)
Address: 4002_F000h base + 20h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WTDR
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TDRn field descriptions
Field Description
TDR Transmit Data Register
The corresponding TCR3[TCE] bit must be set before accessing the channel's transmit data register.
Writes to this register when the transmit FIFO is not full will push the data written into the transmit data
FIFO. Writes to this register when the transmit FIFO is full are ignored.
46.3.8 SAI Transmit FIFO Register (I2Sx_TFRn)
The MSB of the read and write pointers is used to distinguish between FIFO full and
empty conditions. If the read and write pointers are identical, then the FIFO is empty. If
the read and write pointers are identical except for the MSB, then the FIFO is full.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 40h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 0 WFP
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 RFP
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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I2Sx_TFRn field descriptions
Field Description
31
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
30–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–16
WFP
Write FIFO Pointer
FIFO write pointer for transmit data channel.
15–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
RFP Read FIFO Pointer
FIFO read pointer for transmit data channel.
46.3.9 SAI Transmit Mask Register (I2Sx_TMR)
This register is double-buffered and updates:
1. When TCSR[TE] is first set
2. At the end of each frame.
This allows the masked words in each frame to change from frame to frame.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 60h offset = 4002_F060h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0TWM
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_TMR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
TWM Transmit Word Mask
Configures whether the transmit word is masked (transmit data pin tristated and transmit data not read
from FIFO) for the corresponding word in the frame.
0 Word N is enabled.
1 Word N is masked. The transmit data pins are tri-stated when masked.
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46.3.10 SAI Receive Control Register (I2Sx_RCSR)
Address: 4002_F000h base + 80h offset = 4002_F080h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R
RE
STOPE
DBGE
BCE
0 0
SR
0
WSF
SEF FEF
FWF
FRF
WFR w1c w1c w1c
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WSIE SEIE FEIE FWIE FRIE
0 0
FWDE
FRDE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RCSR field descriptions
Field Description
31
RE
Receiver Enable
Enables/disables the receiver. When software clears this field, the receiver remains enabled, and this bit
remains set, until the end of the current frame.
0 Receiver is disabled.
1 Receiver is enabled, or receiver has been disabled and has not yet reached end of frame.
30
STOPE
Stop Enable
Configures receiver operation in Stop mode. This bit is ignored and the receiver is disabled in all low-
leakage stop modes.
0 Receiver disabled in Stop mode.
1 Receiver enabled in Stop mode.
29
DBGE
Debug Enable
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I2Sx_RCSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Enables/disables receiver operation in Debug mode. The receive bit clock is not affected by Debug mode.
0 Receiver is disabled in Debug mode, after completing the current frame.
1 Receiver is enabled in Debug mode.
28
BCE
Bit Clock Enable
Enables the receive bit clock, separately from RE. This field is automatically set whenever RE is set.
When software clears this field, the receive bit clock remains enabled, and this field remains set, until the
end of the current frame.
0 Receive bit clock is disabled.
1 Receive bit clock is enabled.
27–26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25
FR
FIFO Reset
Resets the FIFO pointers. Reading this field will always return zero. FIFO pointers should only be reset
when the receiver is disabled or the FIFO error flag is set.
0 No effect.
1 FIFO reset.
24
SR
Software Reset
Resets the internal receiver logic including the FIFO pointers. Software-visible registers are not affected,
except for the status registers.
0 No effect.
1 Software reset.
23–21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
20
WSF
Word Start Flag
Indicates that the start of the configured word has been detected. Write a logic 1 to this field to clear this
flag.
0 Start of word not detected.
1 Start of word detected.
19
SEF
Sync Error Flag
Indicates that an error in the externally-generated frame sync has been detected. Write a logic 1 to this
field to clear this flag.
0 Sync error not detected.
1 Frame sync error detected.
18
FEF
FIFO Error Flag
Indicates that an enabled receive FIFO has overflowed. Write a logic 1 to this field to clear this flag.
0 Receive overflow not detected.
1 Receive overflow detected.
17
FWF
FIFO Warning Flag
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I2Sx_RCSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Indicates that an enabled receive FIFO is full.
0 No enabled receive FIFO is full.
1 Enabled receive FIFO is full.
16
FRF
FIFO Request Flag
Indicates that the number of words in an enabled receive channel FIFO is greater than the receive FIFO
watermark.
0 Receive FIFO watermark not reached.
1 Receive FIFO watermark has been reached.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12
WSIE
Word Start Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables word start interrupts.
0 Disables interrupt.
1 Enables interrupt.
11
SEIE
Sync Error Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables sync error interrupts.
0 Disables interrupt.
1 Enables interrupt.
10
FEIE
FIFO Error Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables FIFO error interrupts.
0 Disables the interrupt.
1 Enables the interrupt.
9
FWIE
FIFO Warning Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables FIFO warning interrupts.
0 Disables the interrupt.
1 Enables the interrupt.
8
FRIE
FIFO Request Interrupt Enable
Enables/disables FIFO request interrupts.
0 Disables the interrupt.
1 Enables the interrupt.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4–2
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
1
FWDE
FIFO Warning DMA Enable
Enables/disables DMA requests.
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I2Sx_RCSR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 Disables the DMA request.
1 Enables the DMA request.
0
FRDE
FIFO Request DMA Enable
Enables/disables DMA requests.
0 Disables the DMA request.
1 Enables the DMA request.
46.3.11 SAI Receive Configuration 1 Register (I2Sx_RCR1)
Address: 4002_F000h base + 84h offset = 4002_F084h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0RFW
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RCR1 field descriptions
Field Description
31–3
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
RFW Receive FIFO Watermark
Configures the watermark level for all enabled receiver channels.
46.3.12 SAI Receive Configuration 2 Register (I2Sx_RCR2)
This register must not be altered when RCSR[RE] is set.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 88h offset = 4002_F088h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RSYNC BCS BCI MSEL BCP BCD 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0DIV
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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I2Sx_RCR2 field descriptions
Field Description
31–30
SYNC
Synchronous Mode
Configures between asynchronous and synchronous modes of operation. When configured for a
synchronous mode of operation, the transmitter must be configured for asynchronous operation.
00 Asynchronous mode.
01 Synchronous with transmitter.
29
BCS
Bit Clock Swap
This field swaps the bit clock used by the receiver. When the receiver is configured in asynchronous mode
and this bit is set, the receiver is clocked by the transmitter bit clock (SAI_TX_BCLK). This allows the
transmitter and receiver to share the same bit clock, but the receiver continues to use the receiver frame
sync (SAI_RX_SYNC).
When the receiver is configured in synchronous mode, the transmitter BCS field and receiver BCS field
must be set to the same value. When both are set, the transmitter and receiver are both clocked by the
receiver bit clock (SAI_RX_BCLK) but use the transmitter frame sync (SAI_TX_SYNC).
0 Use the normal bit clock source.
1 Swap the bit clock source.
28
BCI
Bit Clock Input
When this field is set and using an internally generated bit clock in either synchronous or asynchronous
mode, the bit clock actually used by the receiver is delayed by the pad output delay (the receiver is
clocked by the pad input as if the clock was externally generated). This has the effect of decreasing the
data input setup time, but increasing the data output valid time.
The slave mode timing from the datasheet should be used for the receiver when this bit is set. In
synchronous mode, this bit allows the receiver to use the slave mode timing from the datasheet, while the
transmitter uses the master mode timing. This field has no effect when configured for an externally
generated bit clock .
0 No effect.
1 Internal logic is clocked as if bit clock was externally generated.
27–26
MSEL
MCLK Select
Selects the audio Master Clock option used to generate an internally generated bit clock. This field has no
effect when configured for an externally generated bit clock.
NOTE: Depending on the device, some Master Clock options might not be available. See the chip-
specific information for the availability and chip-specific meaning of each option.
00 Bus Clock selected.
01 Master Clock (MCLK) 1 option selected.
10 Master Clock (MCLK) 2 option selected.
11 Master Clock (MCLK) 3 option selected.
25
BCP
Bit Clock Polarity
Configures the polarity of the bit clock.
0 Bit Clock is active high with drive outputs on rising edge and sample inputs on falling edge.
1 Bit Clock is active low with drive outputs on falling edge and sample inputs on rising edge.
24
BCD
Bit Clock Direction
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I2Sx_RCR2 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
Configures the direction of the bit clock.
0 Bit clock is generated externally in Slave mode.
1 Bit clock is generated internally in Master mode.
23–8
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
DIV Bit Clock Divide
Divides down the audio master clock to generate the bit clock when configured for an internal bit clock.
The division value is (DIV + 1) * 2.
46.3.13 SAI Receive Configuration 3 Register (I2Sx_RCR3)
Address: 4002_F000h base + 8Ch offset = 4002_F08Ch
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 0 RCE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0WDFL
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RCR3 field descriptions
Field Description
31–24
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
23–17
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
16
RCE
Receive Channel Enable
Enables the corresponding data channel for receive operation. A channel must be enabled before its FIFO
is accessed. Changing this field will take effect immediately for generating the FIFO request and warning
flags, but at the end of each frame for receive operation.
0 Receive data channel N is disabled.
1 Receive data channel N is enabled.
15–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
WDFL Word Flag Configuration
Configures which word the start of word flag is set. The value written should be one less than the word
number (for example, write zero to configure for the first word in the frame). When configured to a value
greater than the Frame Size field, then the start of word flag is never set.
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46.3.14 SAI Receive Configuration 4 Register (I2Sx_RCR4)
This register must not be altered when RCSR[RE] is set.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 90h offset = 4002_F090h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0
FCONT
0
FPACK
0
FRSZ
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
SYWD
0
MF FSE
ONDEM
FSP FSD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RCR4 field descriptions
Field Description
31–29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28
FCONT
FIFO Continue on Error
Configures when the SAI will continue receiving after a FIFO error has been detected.
0 On FIFO error, the SAI will continue from the start of the next frame after the FIFO error flag has been
cleared.
1 On FIFO error, the SAI will continue from the same word that caused the FIFO error to set after the
FIFO warning flag has been cleared.
27–26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25–24
FPACK
FIFO Packing Mode
Enables packing of 8-bit data or 16-bit data into each 32-bit FIFO word. If the word size is greater than 8-
bit or 16-bit then only the first 8-bit or 16-bits are stored to the FIFO. The first word in each frame always
starts with a new 32-bit FIFO word and the first bit shifted must be configured within the first packed word.
When FIFO packing is enabled, the FIFO read pointer will only increment when the full 32-bit FIFO word
has been read by software.
00 FIFO packing is disabled
01 Reserved.
10 8-bit FIFO packing is enabled
11 16-bit FIFO packing is enabled
23–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
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I2Sx_RCR4 field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
19–16
FRSZ
Frame Size
Configures the number of words in each frame. The value written must be one less than the number of
words in the frame. For example, write 0 for one word per frame. The maximum supported frame size is
16 words.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12–8
SYWD
Sync Width
Configures the length of the frame sync in number of bit clocks. The value written must be one less than
the number of bit clocks. For example, write 0 for the frame sync to assert for one bit clock only. The sync
width cannot be configured longer than the first word of the frame.
7–5
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
4
MF
MSB First
Configures whether the LSB or the MSB is received first.
0 LSB is received first.
1 MSB is received first.
3
FSE
Frame Sync Early
0 Frame sync asserts with the first bit of the frame.
1 Frame sync asserts one bit before the first bit of the frame.
2
ONDEM
On Demand Mode
When set, and the frame sync is generated internally, a frame sync is only generated when the FIFO
warning flag is clear.
0 Internal frame sync is generated continuously.
1 Internal frame sync is generated when the FIFO warning flag is clear.
1
FSP
Frame Sync Polarity
Configures the polarity of the frame sync.
0 Frame sync is active high.
1 Frame sync is active low.
0
FSD
Frame Sync Direction
Configures the direction of the frame sync.
0 Frame Sync is generated externally in Slave mode.
1 Frame Sync is generated internally in Master mode.
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46.3.15 SAI Receive Configuration 5 Register (I2Sx_RCR5)
This register must not be altered when RCSR[RE] is set.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 94h offset = 4002_F094h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0WNW 0W0W 0FBT 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RCR5 field descriptions
Field Description
31–29
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
28–24
WNW
Word N Width
Configures the number of bits in each word, for each word except the first in the frame. The value written
must be one less than the number of bits per word. Word width of less than 8 bits is not supported.
23–21
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
20–16
W0W
Word 0 Width
Configures the number of bits in the first word in each frame. The value written must be one less than the
number of bits in the first word. Word width of less than 8 bits is not supported if there is only one word per
frame.
15–13
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
12–8
FBT
First Bit Shifted
Configures the bit index for the first bit received for each word in the frame. If configured for MSB First, the
index of the next bit received is one less than the current bit received. If configured for LSB First, the index
of the next bit received is one more than the current bit received. The value written must be greater than or
equal to the word width when configured for MSB First. The value written must be less than or equal to 31-
word width when configured for LSB First.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
46.3.16 SAI Receive Data Register (I2Sx_RDRn)
Reading this register introduces one additional peripheral clock wait state on each read.
Address: 4002_F000h base + A0h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RRDR
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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I2Sx_RDRn field descriptions
Field Description
RDR Receive Data Register
The corresponding RCR3[RCE] bit must be set before accessing the channel's receive data register.
Reads from this register when the receive FIFO is not empty will return the data from the top of the receive
FIFO. Reads from this register when the receive FIFO is empty are ignored.
46.3.17 SAI Receive FIFO Register (I2Sx_RFRn)
The MSB of the read and write pointers is used to distinguish between FIFO full and
empty conditions. If the read and write pointers are identical, then the FIFO is empty. If
the read and write pointers are identical except for the MSB, then the FIFO is full.
Address: 4002_F000h base + C0h offset + (4d × i), where i=0d to 0d
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R0 WFP
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0 0 RFP
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RFRn field descriptions
Field Description
31–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–16
WFP
Write FIFO Pointer
FIFO write pointer for receive data channel.
15
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
14–4
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
RFP Read FIFO Pointer
FIFO read pointer for receive data channel.
46.3.18 SAI Receive Mask Register (I2Sx_RMR)
This register is double-buffered and updates:
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1. When RCSR[RE] is first set
2. At the end of each frame
This allows the masked words in each frame to change from frame to frame.
Address: 4002_F000h base + E0h offset = 4002_F0E0h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0RWM
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_RMR field descriptions
Field Description
31–16
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
RWM Receive Word Mask
Configures whether the receive word is masked (received data ignored and not written to receive FIFO) for
the corresponding word in the frame.
0 Word N is enabled.
1 Word N is masked.
46.3.19 SAI MCLK Control Register (I2Sx_MCR)
The MCLK Control Register (MCR) controls the clock source and direction of the audio
master clock.
Address: 4002_F000h base + 100h offset = 4002_F100h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
RDUF MOE 0MICS 0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_MCR field descriptions
Field Description
31
DUF
Divider Update Flag
Provides the status of on-the-fly updates to the MCLK divider ratio.
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I2Sx_MCR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
0 MCLK divider ratio is not being updated currently.
1 MCLK divider ratio is updating on-the-fly. Further updates to the MCLK divider ratio are blocked while
this flag remains set.
30
MOE
MCLK Output Enable
Enables the MCLK divider and configures the MCLK signal pin as an output. When software clears this
field, it remains set until the MCLK divider is fully disabled.
0 MCLK signal pin is configured as an input that bypasses the MCLK divider.
1 MCLK signal pin is configured as an output from the MCLK divider and the MCLK divider is enabled.
29–26
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
25–24
MICS
MCLK Input Clock Select
Selects the clock input to the MCLK divider. This field cannot be changed while the MCLK divider is
enabled. See the chip-specific information for the connections to these inputs.
00 MCLK divider input clock 0 is selected.
01 MCLK divider input clock 1 is selected.
10 MCLK divider input clock 2 is selected.
11 MCLK divider input clock 3 is selected.
Reserved This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
46.3.20 SAI MCLK Divide Register (I2Sx_MDR)
The MCLK Divide Register (MDR) configures the MCLK divide ratio. Although the
MDR can be changed when the MCLK divider clock is enabled, additional writes to the
MDR are blocked while MCR[DUF] is set. Writes to the MDR when the MCLK divided
clock is disabled do not set MCR[DUF].
Address: 4002_F000h base + 104h offset = 4002_F104h
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0FRACT DIVIDE
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Sx_MDR field descriptions
Field Description
31–20
Reserved
This field is reserved.
This read-only field is reserved and always has the value 0.
19–12
FRACT
MCLK Fraction
Sets the MCLK divide ratio such that: MCLK output = MCLK input * ( (FRACT + 1) / (DIVIDE + 1) ).
FRACT must be set equal or less than the value in the DIVIDE field.
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I2Sx_MDR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
NOTE: When using fractional divide values, the MCLK duty cycle will not always be 50/50. See Audio
master clock.
DIVIDE MCLK Divide
Sets the MCLK divide ratio such that: MCLK output = MCLK input * ( (FRACT + 1) / (DIVIDE + 1) ).
FRACT must be set equal or less than the value in the DIVIDE field.
NOTE: When using fractional divide values, the MCLK duty cycle will not always be 50/50. See Audio
master clock.
46.4 Functional description
This section provides a complete functional description of the block.
46.4.1 SAI clocking
The SAI clocks include:
• The audio master clock
• The bit clock
• The bus clock
46.4.1.1 Audio master clock
The audio master clock is used to generate the bit clock when the receiver or transmitter
is configured for an internally generated bit clock. The transmitter and receiver can
independently select between the bus clock and up to three audio master clocks to
generate the bit clock.
Each SAI peripheral can control the input clock selection, pin direction and divide ratio
of one audio master clock. The input clock selection and pin direction cannot be altered if
an SAI module using that audio master clock has been enabled. The MCLK divide ratio
can be altered while an SAI is using that master clock, although the change in the divide
ratio takes several cycles. MCR[DUF] can be polled to determine when the divide ratio
change has completed.
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The audio master clock generation and selection is chip-specific. Refer to chip-specific
clocking information about how the audio master clocks are generated. A typical
implementation appears in the following figure.
Fractional
Clock
Divider
1
0
11
01
10
00
EXTAL
PLL_OUT
ALT_CLK
SYS_CLK
SAI_MOE
MCLK
MCLK_OUT
MCLK_IN
11
01
10
00
BUS_CLK
SAI_CLKMODE
Bit
Clock
Divider
1
0
BCLK_IN
SAI BCLK_OUT
SAI_BCD
BCLK
SAI_FRACT/SAI_DIVIDE
SAI_MICS
MCLK (other SAIs)
CLKGEN
Figure 46-2. SAI master clock generation
The MCLK fractional clock divider uses both clock edges from the input clock to
generate a divided down clock that will approximate the output frequency, but without
creating any new clock edges. Configuring FRACT and DIVIDE to the same value will
result in a divide by 1 clock, while configuring FRACT higher than DIVIDE is not
supported. The duty cycle can range from 66/33 when FRACT is set to one less than
DIVIDE down to 50/50 for integer divide ratios, and will approach 50/50 for large non-
integer divide ratios. There is no cycle to cycle jitter or duty cycle variance when the
divide ratio is an integer or half integer, otherwise the divider output will oscillate
between the two divided frequencies that are the closest integer or half integer divisors of
the divider input clock frequency. The maximum jitter is therefore equal to half the
divider input clock period, since both edges of the input clock are used in generating the
divided clock.
46.4.1.2 Bit clock
The SAI transmitter and receiver support asynchronous free-running bit clocks that can
be generated internally from an audio master clock or supplied externally. There is also
the option for synchronous bit clock and frame sync operation between the receiver and
transmitter.
Externally generated bit clocks must be:
• Enabled before the SAI transmitter or receiver is enabled
• Disabled after the SAI transmitter or receiver is disabled and completes its current
frames
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If the SAI transmitter or receiver is using an externally generated bit clock in
asynchronous mode and that bit clock is generated by an SAI that is disabled in stop
mode, then the transmitter or receiver should be disabled by software before entering stop
mode. This issue does not apply when the transmitter or receiver is in a synchronous
mode because all synchronous SAIs are enabled and disabled simultaneously.
46.4.1.3 Bus clock
The bus clock is used by the control and configuration registers and to generate
synchronous interrupts and DMA requests.
NOTE
Although there is no specific minimum bus clock frequency
specified, the bus clock frequency must be fast enough (relative
to the bit clock frequency) to ensure that the FIFOs can be
serviced, without generating either a transmitter FIFO underrun
or receiver FIFO overflow condition.
46.4.2 SAI resets
The SAI is asynchronously reset on system reset. The SAI has a software reset and a
FIFO reset.
46.4.2.1 Software reset
The SAI transmitter includes a software reset that resets all transmitter internal logic,
including the bit clock generation, status flags, and FIFO pointers. It does not reset the
configuration registers. The software reset remains asserted until cleared by software.
The SAI receiver includes a software reset that resets all receiver internal logic, including
the bit clock generation, status flags and FIFO pointers. It does not reset the configuration
registers. The software reset remains asserted until cleared by software.
46.4.2.2 FIFO reset
The SAI transmitter includes a FIFO reset that synchronizes the FIFO write pointer to the
same value as the FIFO read pointer. This empties the FIFO contents and is to be used
after TCSR[FEF] is set, and before the FIFO is re-initialized and TCSR[FEF] is cleared.
The FIFO reset is asserted for one cycle only.
Functional description
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The SAI receiver includes a FIFO reset that synchronizes the FIFO read pointer to the
same value as the FIFO write pointer. This empties the FIFO contents and is to be used
after the RCSR[FEF] is set and any remaining data has been read from the FIFO, and
before the RCSR[FEF] is cleared. The FIFO reset is asserted for one cycle only.
46.4.3 Synchronous modes
The SAI transmitter and receiver can operate synchronously to each other.
46.4.3.1 Synchronous mode
The SAI transmitter and receiver can be configured to operate with synchronous bit clock
and frame sync.
If the transmitter bit clock and frame sync are to be used by both the transmitter and
receiver:
• The transmitter must be configured for asynchronous operation and the receiver for
synchronous operation.
• In synchronous mode, the receiver is enabled only when both the transmitter and
receiver are enabled.
• It is recommended that the transmitter is the last enabled and the first disabled.
If the receiver bit clock and frame sync are to be used by both the transmitter and
receiver:
• The receiver must be configured for asynchronous operation and the transmitter for
synchronous operation.
• In synchronous mode, the transmitter is enabled only when both the receiver and
transmitter are both enabled.
• It is recommended that the receiver is the last enabled and the first disabled.
When operating in synchronous mode, only the bit clock, frame sync, and transmitter/
receiver enable are shared. The transmitter and receiver otherwise operate independently,
although configuration registers must be configured consistently across both the
transmitter and receiver.
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46.4.4 Frame sync configuration
When enabled, the SAI continuously transmits and/or receives frames of data. Each
frame consists of a fixed number of words and each word consists of a fixed number of
bits. Within each frame, any given word can be masked causing the receiver to ignore
that word and the transmitter to tri-state for the duration of that word.
The frame sync signal is used to indicate the start of each frame. A valid frame sync
requires a rising edge (if active high) or falling edge (if active low) to be detected and the
transmitter or receiver cannot be busy with a previous frame. A valid frame sync is also
ignored (slave mode) or not generated (master mode) for the first four bit clock cycles
after enabling the transmitter or receiver.
The transmitter and receiver frame sync can be configured independently with any of the
following options:
• Externally generated or internally generated
• Active high or active low
• Assert with the first bit in frame or asserts one bit early
• Assert for a duration between 1 bit clock and the first word length
• Frame length from 1 to 16 words per frame
• Word length to support 8 to 32 bits per word
• First word length and remaining word lengths can be configured separately
• Words can be configured to transmit/receive MSB first or LSB first
These configuration options cannot be changed after the SAI transmitter or receiver is
enabled.
46.4.5 Data FIFO
Each transmit and receive channel includes a FIFO of size 8 × 32-bit. The FIFO data is
accessed using the SAI Transmit/Receive Data Registers.
46.4.5.1 Data alignment
Data in the FIFO can be aligned anywhere within the 32-bit wide register through the use
of the First Bit Shifted configuration field, which selects the bit index (between 31 and 0)
of the first bit shifted.
Examples of supported data alignment and the required First Bit Shifted configuration are
illustrated in Figure 46-3 for LSB First configurations and Figure 46-4 for MSB First
configurations.
Functional description
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Figure 46-3. SAI first bit shifted, LSB first
Figure 46-4. SAI first bit shifted, MSB first
46.4.5.2 FIFO pointers
When writing to a TDR, the WFP of the corresponding TFR increments after each valid
write. The SAI supports 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit writes to the TDR and the FIFO pointer
will increment after each individual write. Note that 8-bit writes should only be used
when transmitting up to 8-bit data and 16-bit writes should only be used when
transmitting up to 16-bit data.
Writes to a TDR are ignored if the corresponding bit of TCR3[TCE] is clear or if the
FIFO is full. If the Transmit FIFO is empty, the TDR must be written at least three bit
clocks before the start of the next unmasked word to avoid a FIFO underrun.
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When reading an RDR, the RFP of the corresponding RFR increments after each valid
read. The SAI supports 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit reads from the RDR and the FIFO pointer
will increment after each individual read. Note that 8-bit reads should only be used when
receiving up to 8-bit data and 16-bit reads should only be used when receiving up to 16-
bit data.
Reads from an RDR are ignored if the corresponding bit of RCR3[RCE] is clear or if the
FIFO is empty. If the Receive FIFO is full, the RDR must be read at least three bit clocks
before the end of an unmasked word to avoid a FIFO overrun.
46.4.5.3 FIFO packing
FIFO packing supports storing multiple 8-bit or 16-bit data words in one 32-bit FIFO
word for the transmitter and/or receiver. While this can be emulated by adjusting the
number of bits per word and number of words per frame (for example, one 32-bit word
per frame versus two 16-bit words per frame), FIFO packing does not require even
multiples of words per frame and fully supports word masking. When FIFO packing is
enabled, the FIFO pointers only increment when the full 32-bit FIFO word has been
written (transmit) or read (receive) by software, supporting scenarios where different
words within each frame are loaded/stored in different areas of memory.
When 16-bit FIFO packing is enabled for transmit, the transmit shift register is loaded at
the start of each frame and after every second unmasked transmit word. The first word
transmitted is taken from 16-bit word at byte offset $0 (first bit is selected by
TCFG5[FBT] must be configured within this 16-bit word) and the second word
transmitted is taken from the 16-bit word at byte offset $2 (first bit is selected by
TCSR5[FBT][3:0]). The transmitter will transmit logic zero until the start of the next
word once the 16-bit word has been transmitted.
When 16-bit FIFO packing is enabled for receive, the receive shift register is stored after
every second unmasked received word, and at the end of each frame if there is an odd
number of unmasked received words in each frame. The first word received is stored in
the 16-bit word at byte offset $0 (first bit is selected by RCFG5[FBT] and must be
configured within this 16-bit word) and the second word received is stored in the 16-bit
word at byte offset $2 (first bit is selected by RCSR5[FBT][3:0]). The receiver will
ignore received data until the start of the next word once the 16-bit word has been
received.
The 8-bit FIFO packing is similar to 16-bit packing except four words are loaded or
stored into each 32-bit FIFO word. The first word is loaded/stored in byte offset $0,
second word in byte offset $1, third word in byte offset $2 and fourth word in byte offset
$3. The TCFG5[FBT] and/or RCFG5[FBT] must be configured within byte offset $0.
Functional description
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46.4.6 Word mask register
The SAI transmitter and receiver each contain a word mask register, namely TMR and
RMR, that can be used to mask any word in the frame. Because the word mask register is
double buffered, software can update it before the end of each frame to mask a particular
word in the next frame.
The TMR causes the Transmit Data pin to be tri-stated for the length of each selected
word and the transmit FIFO is not read for masked words.
The RMR causes the received data for each selected word to be discarded and not written
to the receive FIFO.
46.4.7 Interrupts and DMA requests
The SAI transmitter and receiver generate separate interrupts and separate DMA requests,
but support the same status flags. Asynchronous versions of the transmitter and receiver
interrupts are generated to wake up the CPU from stop mode.
46.4.7.1 FIFO request flag
The FIFO request flag is set based on the number of entries in the FIFO and the FIFO
watermark configuration.
The transmit FIFO request flag is set when the number of entries in any of the enabled
transmit FIFOs is less than or equal to the transmit FIFO watermark configuration and is
cleared when the number of entries in each enabled transmit FIFO is greater than the
transmit FIFO watermark configuration.
The receive FIFO request flag is set when the number of entries in any of the enabled
receive FIFOs is greater than the receive FIFO watermark configuration and is cleared
when the number of entries in each enabled receive FIFO is less than or equal to the
receive FIFO watermark configuration.
The FIFO request flag can generate an interrupt or a DMA request.
46.4.7.2 FIFO warning flag
The FIFO warning flag is set based on the number of entries in the FIFO.
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The transmit warning flag is set when the number of entries in any of the enabled
transmit FIFOs is empty and is cleared when the number of entries in each enabled
transmit FIFO is not empty.
The receive warning flag is set when the number of entries in any of the enabled receive
FIFOs is full and is cleared when the number of entries in each enabled receive FIFO is
not full.
The FIFO warning flag can generate an Interrupt or a DMA request.
46.4.7.3 FIFO error flag
The transmit FIFO error flag is set when the any of the enabled transmit FIFOs
underflow. After it is set, all enabled transmit channels will transmit zero until
TCSR[FEF] is cleared and the next transmit frame starts. All enabled transmit FIFOs
must be reset and initialized with new data before TCSR[FEF] is cleared.
When TCR4[FCONT] is set, the FIFO will continue transmitting data following an
underflow without software intervention. To ensure that data is transmitted in the correct
order, the transmitter will continue from the same word number in the frame that caused
the FIFO to underflow, but only after new data has been written to the transmit FIFO.
Software should still clear the TCSR[FEF] flag, but without reinitializing the transmit
FIFOs.
RCSR[FEF] is set when the any of the enabled receive FIFOs overflow. After it is set, all
enabled receive channels discard received data until RCSR[FEF] is cleared and the next
next receive frame starts. All enabled receive FIFOs should be emptied before
RCSR[FEF] is cleared.
When RCR4[FCONT] is set, the FIFO will continue receiving data following an
overflow without software intervention. To ensure that data is received in the correct
order, the receiver will continue from the same word number in the frame that caused the
FIFO to overflow, but only after data has been read from the receive FIFO. Software
should still clear the RCSR[FEF] flag, but without emptying the receive FIFOs.
The FIFO error flag can generate only an interrupt.
Functional description
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46.4.7.4 Sync error flag
The sync error flag, TCSR[SEF] or RCSR[SEF], is set when configured for an externally
generated frame sync and the external frame sync asserts when the transmitter or receiver
is busy with the previous frame. The external frame sync assertion is ignored and the
sync error flag is set. When the sync error flag is set, the transmitter or receiver continues
checking for frame sync assertion when idle or at the end of each frame.
The sync error flag can generate an interrupt only.
46.4.7.5 Word start flag
The word start flag is set at the start of the second bit clock for the selected word, as
configured by the Word Flag register field.
The word start flag can generate an interrupt only.
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Functional description
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Chapter 47
General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
47.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The GPIO registers support 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit accesses.
The GPIO data direction and output data registers control the direction and output data of
each pin when the pin is configured for the GPIO function. The GPIO input data register
displays the logic value on each pin when the pin is configured for any digital function,
provided the corresponding Port Control and Interrupt module for that pin is enabled.
Efficient bit manipulation of the general-purpose outputs is supported through the
addition of set, clear, and toggle write-only registers for each port output data register.
47.1.1 Features
Features of the GPIO module include:
• Port Data Input register visible in all digital pin-multiplexing modes
• Port Data Output register with corresponding set/clear/toggle registers
• Port Data Direction register
NOTE
The GPIO module is clocked by system clock.
47.1.2 Modes of operation
The following table depicts different modes of operation and the behavior of the GPIO
module in these modes.
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Table 47-1. Modes of operation
Modes of operation Description
Run The GPIO module operates normally.
Wait The GPIO module operates normally.
Stop The GPIO module is disabled.
Debug The GPIO module operates normally.
47.1.3 GPIO signal descriptions
Table 47-2. GPIO signal descriptions
GPIO signal descriptions Description I/O
PORTA31–PORTA0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PORTB31–PORTB0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PORTC31–PORTC0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PORTD31–PORTD0 General-purpose input/output I/O
PORTE31–PORTE0 General-purpose input/output I/O
NOTE
Not all pins within each port are implemented on each device.
See the chapter on signal multiplexing for the number of GPIO
ports available in the device.
47.1.3.1 Detailed signal description
Table 47-3. GPIO interface-detailed signal descriptions
Signal I/O Description
PORTA31–PORTA0
PORTB31–PORTB0
PORTC31–PORTC0
PORTD31–PORTD0
PORTE31–PORTE0
I/O General-purpose input/output
State meaning Asserted: The pin is logic 1.
Deasserted: The pin is logic 0.
Timing Assertion: When output, this
signal occurs on the rising-
edge of the system clock. For
input, it may occur at any time
and input may be asserted
asynchronously to the system
clock.
Deassertion: When output,
this signal occurs on the
rising-edge of the system
clock. For input, it may occur
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Table 47-3. GPIO interface-detailed signal descriptions
Signal I/O Description
at any time and input may be
asserted asynchronously to
the system clock.
NOTE
Not all pins within each port are implemented on each device.
See the chapter on signal multiplexing for the number of GPIO
ports available in the device.
47.2 Memory map and register definition
Any read or write access to the GPIO memory space that is outside the valid memory
map results in a bus error.
GPIO memory map
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
400F_F000 Port Data Output Register (GPIOA_PDOR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.1/1266
400F_F004 Port Set Output Register (GPIOA_PSOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.2/1267
400F_F008 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOA_PCOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.3/1268
400F_F00C Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOA_PTOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.4/1268
400F_F010 Port Data Input Register (GPIOA_PDIR) 32 R 0000_0000h 47.2.5/1269
400F_F014 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOA_PDDR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.6/1269
400F_F040 Port Data Output Register (GPIOB_PDOR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.1/1266
400F_F044 Port Set Output Register (GPIOB_PSOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.2/1267
400F_F048 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOB_PCOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.3/1268
400F_F04C Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOB_PTOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.4/1268
400F_F050 Port Data Input Register (GPIOB_PDIR) 32 R 0000_0000h 47.2.5/1269
400F_F054 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOB_PDDR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.6/1269
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GPIO memory map (continued)
Absolute
address
(hex)
Register name Width
(in bits) Access Reset value Section/
page
400F_F080 Port Data Output Register (GPIOC_PDOR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.1/1266
400F_F084 Port Set Output Register (GPIOC_PSOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.2/1267
400F_F088 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOC_PCOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.3/1268
400F_F08C Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOC_PTOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.4/1268
400F_F090 Port Data Input Register (GPIOC_PDIR) 32 R 0000_0000h 47.2.5/1269
400F_F094 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOC_PDDR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.6/1269
400F_F0C0 Port Data Output Register (GPIOD_PDOR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.1/1266
400F_F0C4 Port Set Output Register (GPIOD_PSOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.2/1267
400F_F0C8 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOD_PCOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.3/1268
400F_F0CC Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOD_PTOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.4/1268
400F_F0D0 Port Data Input Register (GPIOD_PDIR) 32 R 0000_0000h 47.2.5/1269
400F_F0D4 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOD_PDDR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.6/1269
400F_F100 Port Data Output Register (GPIOE_PDOR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.1/1266
400F_F104 Port Set Output Register (GPIOE_PSOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.2/1267
400F_F108 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOE_PCOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.3/1268
400F_F10C Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOE_PTOR) 32
W
(always
reads 0)
0000_0000h 47.2.4/1268
400F_F110 Port Data Input Register (GPIOE_PDIR) 32 R 0000_0000h 47.2.5/1269
400F_F114 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOE_PDDR) 32 R/W 0000_0000h 47.2.6/1269
47.2.1 Port Data Output Register (GPIOx_PDOR)
This register configures the logic levels that are driven on each general-purpose output
pins.
Memory map and register definition
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NOTE
Do not modify pin configuration registers associated with pins
not available in your selected package. All unbonded pins not
available in your package will default to DISABLE state for
lowest power consumption.
Address: Base address + 0h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RPDO
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GPIOx_PDOR field descriptions
Field Description
PDO Port Data Output
Register bits for unbonded pins return a undefined value when read.
0 Logic level 0 is driven on pin, provided pin is configured for general-purpose output.
1 Logic level 1 is driven on pin, provided pin is configured for general-purpose output.
47.2.2 Port Set Output Register (GPIOx_PSOR)
This register configures whether to set the fields of the PDOR.
Address: Base address + 4h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WPTSO
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GPIOx_PSOR field descriptions
Field Description
PTSO Port Set Output
Writing to this register will update the contents of the corresponding bit in the PDOR as follows:
0 Corresponding bit in PDORn does not change.
1 Corresponding bit in PDORn is set to logic 1.
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47.2.3 Port Clear Output Register (GPIOx_PCOR)
This register configures whether to clear the fields of PDOR.
Address: Base address + 8h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WPTCO
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GPIOx_PCOR field descriptions
Field Description
PTCO Port Clear Output
Writing to this register will update the contents of the corresponding bit in the Port Data Output Register
(PDOR) as follows:
0 Corresponding bit in PDORn does not change.
1 Corresponding bit in PDORn is cleared to logic 0.
47.2.4 Port Toggle Output Register (GPIOx_PTOR)
Address: Base address + Ch offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R0
WPTTO
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GPIOx_PTOR field descriptions
Field Description
PTTO Port Toggle Output
Writing to this register will update the contents of the corresponding bit in the PDOR as follows:
0 Corresponding bit in PDORn does not change.
1 Corresponding bit in PDORn is set to the inverse of its existing logic state.
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47.2.5 Port Data Input Register (GPIOx_PDIR)
NOTE
Do not modify pin configuration registers associated with pins
not available in your selected package. All unbonded pins not
available in your package will default to DISABLE state for
lowest power consumption.
Address: Base address + 10h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RPDI
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GPIOx_PDIR field descriptions
Field Description
PDI Port Data Input
Reads 0 at the unimplemented pins for a particular device. Pins that are not configured for a digital
function read 0. If the Port Control and Interrupt module is disabled, then the corresponding bit in PDIR
does not update.
0 Pin logic level is logic 0, or is not configured for use by digital function.
1 Pin logic level is logic 1.
47.2.6 Port Data Direction Register (GPIOx_PDDR)
The PDDR configures the individual port pins for input or output.
Address: Base address + 14h offset
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RPDD
W
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GPIOx_PDDR field descriptions
Field Description
PDD Port Data Direction
Configures individual port pins for input or output.
0 Pin is configured as general-purpose input, for the GPIO function.
1 Pin is configured as general-purpose output, for the GPIO function.
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GPIOx_PDDR field descriptions (continued)
Field Description
47.3 Functional description
47.3.1 General-purpose input
The logic state of each pin is available via the Port Data Input registers, provided the pin
is configured for a digital function and the corresponding Port Control and Interrupt
module is enabled.
The Port Data Input registers return the synchronized pin state after any enabled digital
filter in the Port Control and Interrupt module. The input pin synchronizers are shared
with the Port Control and Interrupt module, so that if the corresponding Port Control and
Interrupt module is disabled, then synchronizers are also disabled. This reduces power
consumption when a port is not required for general-purpose input functionality.
47.3.2 General-purpose output
The logic state of each pin can be controlled via the port data output registers and port
data direction registers, provided the pin is configured for the GPIO function. The
following table depicts the conditions for a pin to be configured as input/output.
If Then
A pin is configured for the GPIO function and the
corresponding port data direction register bit is clear.
The pin is configured as an input.
A pin is configured for the GPIO function and the
corresponding port data direction register bit is set.
The pin is configured as an output and and the logic state of
the pin is equal to the corresponding port data output register.
To facilitate efficient bit manipulation on the general-purpose outputs, pin data set, pin
data clear, and pin data toggle registers exist to allow one or more outputs within one port
to be set, cleared, or toggled from a single register write.
The corresponding Port Control and Interrupt module does not need to be enabled to
update the state of the port data direction registers and port data output registers including
the set/clear/toggle registers.
Functional description
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Chapter 48
JTAG Controller (JTAGC)
48.1 Introduction
NOTE
For the chip-specific implementation details of this module's
instances, see the chip configuration information.
The JTAGC block provides the means to test chip functionality and connectivity while
remaining transparent to system logic when not in test mode. Testing is performed via a
boundary scan technique, as defined in the IEEE 1149.1-2001 standard. All data input to
and output from the JTAGC block is communicated in serial format.
48.1.1 Block diagram
The following is a simplified block diagram of the JTAG Controller (JTAGC) block.
Refer to the chip-specific configuration information as well as Register description for
more information about the JTAGC registers.
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Power-on reset
TMS
TCK
TDI
1-bit Bypass Register
32-bit Device Identification Register
Boundary Scan Register
TAP Instruction Decoder
TAP Instruction Register
TDO
Test Access Port (TAP)
Controller
Figure 48-1. JTAG (IEEE 1149.1) block diagram
48.1.2 Features
The JTAGC block is compliant with the IEEE 1149.1-2001 standard, and supports the
following features:
• IEEE 1149.1-2001 Test Access Port (TAP) interface
• 4 pins (TDI, TMS, TCK, and TDO)
• Instruction register that supports several IEEE 1149.1-2001 defined instructions as
well as several public and private device-specific instructions. Refer to Table 48-3
for a list of supported instructions.
• Bypass register, boundary scan register, and device identification register.
• TAP controller state machine that controls the operation of the data registers,
instruction register and associated circuitry.
48.1.3 Modes of operation
The JTAGC block uses a power-on reset indication as its primary reset signals. Several
IEEE 1149.1-2001 defined test modes are supported, as well as a bypass mode.
Introduction
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48.1.3.1 Reset
The JTAGC block is placed in reset when either power-on reset is asserted, or the TMS
input is held high for enough consecutive rising edges of TCK to sequence the TAP
controller state machine into the Test-Logic-Reset state. Holding TMS high for five
consecutive rising edges of TCK guarantees entry into the Test-Logic-Reset state
regardless of the current TAP controller state. Asserting power-on reset results in
asynchronous entry into the reset state. While in reset, the following actions occur:
• The TAP controller is forced into the Test-Logic-Reset state, thereby disabling the
test logic and allowing normal operation of the on-chip system logic to continue
unhindered
• The instruction register is loaded with the IDCODE instruction
48.1.3.2 IEEE 1149.1-2001 defined test modes
The JTAGC block supports several IEEE 1149.1-2001 defined test modes. A test mode is
selected by loading the appropriate instruction into the instruction register while the
JTAGC is enabled. Supported test instructions include EXTEST, HIGHZ, CLAMP,
SAMPLE and SAMPLE/PRELOAD. Each instruction defines the set of data register(s)
that may operate and interact with the on-chip system logic while the instruction is
current. Only one test data register path is enabled to shift data between TDI and TDO for
each instruction.
The boundary scan register is enabled for serial access between TDI and TDO when the
EXTEST, SAMPLE or SAMPLE/PRELOAD instructions are active. The single-bit
bypass register shift stage is enabled for serial access between TDI and TDO when the
BYPASS, HIGHZ, CLAMP or reserved instructions are active. The functionality of each
test mode is explained in more detail in JTAGC block instructions.
48.1.3.3 Bypass mode
When no test operation is required, the BYPASS instruction can be loaded to place the
JTAGC block into bypass mode. While in bypass mode, the single-bit bypass shift
register is used to provide a minimum-length serial path to shift data between TDI and
TDO.
Chapter 48 JTAG Controller (JTAGC)
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48.2 External signal description
The JTAGC consists of a set of signals that connect to off chip development tools and
allow access to test support functions. The JTAGC signals are outlined in the following
table and described in the following sections.
Table 48-1. JTAG signal properties
Name I/O Function Reset State Pull
TCK Input Test Clock — Down
TDI Input Test Data In — Up
TDO Output Test Data Out High Z1—
TMS Input Test Mode Select — Up
1. TDO output buffer enable is negated when the JTAGC is not in the Shift-IR or Shift-DR states. A weak pull may be
implemented at the TDO pad for use when JTAGC is inactive.
48.2.1 TCK—Test clock input
Test Clock Input (TCK) is an input pin used to synchronize the test logic and control
register access through the TAP.
48.2.2 TDI—Test data input
Test Data Input (TDI) is an input pin that receives serial test instructions and data. TDI is
sampled on the rising edge of TCK.
48.2.3 TDO—Test data output
Test Data Output (TDO) is an output pin that transmits serial output for test instructions
and data. TDO is three-stateable and is actively driven only in the Shift-IR and Shift-DR
states of the TAP controller state machine, which is described in TAP controller state
machine.
48.2.4 TMS—Test mode select
Test Mode Select (TMS) is an input pin used to sequence the IEEE 1149.1-2001 test
control state machine. TMS is sampled on the rising edge of TCK.
External signal description
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48.3 Register description
This section provides a detailed description of the JTAGC block registers accessible
through the TAP interface, including data registers and the instruction register. Individual
bit-level descriptions and reset states of each register are included. These registers are not
memory-mapped and can only be accessed through the TAP.
48.3.1 Instruction register
The JTAGC block uses a 4-bit instruction register as shown in the following figure. The
instruction register allows instructions to be loaded into the block to select the test to be
performed or the test data register to be accessed or both. Instructions are shifted in
through TDI while the TAP controller is in the Shift-IR state, and latched on the falling
edge of TCK in the Update-IR state. The latched instruction value can only be changed in
the Update-IR and Test-Logic-Reset TAP controller states. Synchronous entry into the
Test-Logic-Reset state results in the IDCODE instruction being loaded on the falling
edge of TCK. Asynchronous entry into the Test-Logic-Reset state results in asynchronous
loading of the IDCODE instruction. During the Capture-IR TAP controller state, the
instruction shift register is loaded with the value 0001b , making this value the register's
read value when the TAP controller is sequenced into the Shift-IR state.
R
W
Reset:
Instruction Code
2 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
3
Figure 48-2. Instruction register
48.3.2 Bypass register
The bypass register is a single-bit shift register path selected for serial data transfer
between TDI and TDO when the BYPASS, CLAMP, HIGHZ or reserve instructions are
active. After entry into the Capture-DR state, the single-bit shift register is set to a logic
0. Therefore, the first bit shifted out after selecting the bypass register is always a logic 0.
Chapter 48 JTAG Controller (JTAGC)
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48.3.3 Device identification register
The device identification (JTAG ID) register, shown in the following figure, allows the
revision number, part number, manufacturer, and design center responsible for the design
of the part to be determined through the TAP. The device identification register is
selected for serial data transfer between TDI and TDO when the IDCODE instruction is
active. Entry into the Capture-DR state while the device identification register is selected
loads the IDCODE into the shift register to be shifted out on TDO in the Shift-DR state.
No action occurs in the Update-DR state.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R Part Revision Number Design Center Part Identification Number
W
Reset PRN DC PIN
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R Part Identification Number Manufacturer Identity Code 1
W
Reset PIN (contd.) MIC 1
The following table describes the device identification register functions.
Table 48-2. Device identification register field descriptions
Field Description
PRN Part Revision Number. Contains the revision number of the part. Value is On this device, the PIN mirrors
bits 9-0 of the SIM_SDID[REVID] field. Please see the SIM_SDID register description for more detail.
DC Design Center. Indicates the design center. Value is 0x2C.
PIN Part Identification Number. Contains the part number of the device. On this device, the PIN mirrors bits 9-0
of the SIM_SDID register. Please see the SIM_SDID register description for more detail.
MIC Manufacturer Identity Code. Contains the reduced Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) ID.
Value is 0x00E.
IDCODE ID IDCODE Register ID. Identifies this register as the device identification register and not the bypass
register. Always set to 1.
48.3.4 Boundary scan register
The boundary scan register is connected between TDI and TDO when the EXTEST,
SAMPLE or SAMPLE/PRELOAD instructions are active. It is used to capture input pin
data, force fixed values on output pins, and select a logic value and direction for
bidirectional pins. Each bit of the boundary scan register represents a separate boundary
scan register cell, as described in the IEEE 1149.1-2001 standard and discussed in
Boundary scan. The size of the boundary scan register and bit ordering is device-
dependent and can be found in the device BSDL file.
Register description
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48.4 Functional description
This section explains the JTAGC functional description.
48.4.1 JTAGC reset configuration
While in reset, the TAP controller is forced into the Test-Logic-Reset state, thus disabling
the test logic and allowing normal operation of the on-chip system logic. In addition, the
instruction register is loaded with the IDCODE instruction.
48.4.2 IEEE 1149.1-2001 (JTAG) Test Access Port
The JTAGC block uses the IEEE 1149.1-2001 TAP for accessing registers. This port can
be shared with other TAP controllers on the MCU. Ownership of the port is determined
by the value of the currently loaded instruction.
Data is shifted between TDI and TDO though the selected register starting with the least
significant bit, as illustrated in the following figure. This applies for the instruction
register, test data registers, and the bypass register.
Selected Register
LSB
MSB
TDI
TDO
Figure 48-3. Shifting data through a register
48.4.3 TAP controller state machine
The TAP controller is a synchronous state machine that interprets the sequence of logical
values on the TMS pin. The following figure shows the machine's states. The value
shown next to each state is the value of the TMS signal sampled on the rising edge of the
TCK signal. As the following figure shows, holding TMS at logic 1 while clocking TCK
through a sufficient number of rising edges also causes the state machine to enter the
Test-Logic-Reset state.
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The value shown adjacent to each state transition in this figure represents the value of TMS at the time
of a rising edge of TCK.
TEST LOGIC
RESET
RUN-TEST/IDLE SELECT-DR-SCAN SELECT-IR-SCAN
CAPTURE-DR CAPTURE-IR
SHIFT-IR
SHIFT-DR
EXIT1-DR EXIT1-IR
PAUSE-DR PAUSE-IR
EXIT2-IR
EXIT2-DR
UPDATE-DR UPDATE-IR
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
11
11
0
0
00
0
0
00
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
Figure 48-4. IEEE 1149.1-2001 TAP controller finite state machine
48.4.3.1 Enabling the TAP controller
The JTAGC TAP controller is enabled by setting the JTAGC enable to a logic 1 value.
Functional description
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48.4.3.2 Selecting an IEEE 1149.1-2001 register
Access to the JTAGC data registers is achieved by loading the instruction register with
any of the JTAGC block instructions while the JTAGC is enabled. Instructions are shifted
in via the Select-IR-Scan path and loaded in the Update-IR state. At this point, all data
register access is performed via the Select-DR-Scan path.
The Select-DR-Scan path is used to read or write the register data by shifting in the data
(LSB first) during the Shift-DR state. When reading a register, the register value is loaded
into the IEEE 1149.1-2001 shifter during the Capture-DR state. When writing a register,
the value is loaded from the IEEE 1149.1-2001 shifter to the register during the Update-
DR state. When reading a register, there is no requirement to shift out the entire register
contents. Shifting may be terminated once the required number of bits have been
acquired.
48.4.4 JTAGC block instructions
The JTAGC block implements the IEEE 1149.1-2001 defined instructions listed in the
following table. This section gives an overview of each instruction; refer to the IEEE
1149.1-2001 standard for more details. All undefined opcodes are reserved.
Table 48-3. 4-bit JTAG instructions
Instruction Code[3:0] Instruction summary
IDCODE 0000 Selects device identification register for shift
SAMPLE/PRELOAD 0010 Selects boundary scan register for shifting, sampling, and
preloading without disturbing functional operation
SAMPLE 0011 Selects boundary scan register for shifting and sampling
without disturbing functional operation
EXTEST 0100 Selects boundary scan register and applies preloaded values
to output pins.
NOTE: Execution of this instruction asserts functional reset.
Factory debug reserved 0101 Intended for factory debug only
Factory debug reserved 0110 Intended for factory debug only
Factory debug reserved 0111 Intended for factory debug only
ARM JTAG-DP Reserved 1000 This instruction goes the ARM JTAG-DP controller. See the
ARM JTAG-DP documentation for more information.
HIGHZ 1001 Selects bypass register and three-states all output pins.
NOTE: Execution of this instruction asserts functional reset.
ARM JTAG-DP Reserved 1010 This instruction goes the ARM JTAG-DP controller. See the
ARM JTAG-DP documentation for more information.
Table continues on the next page...
Chapter 48 JTAG Controller (JTAGC)
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Table 48-3. 4-bit JTAG instructions (continued)
Instruction Code[3:0] Instruction summary
ARM JTAG-DP Reserved 1011 This instruction goes the ARM JTAG-DP controller. See the
ARM JTAG-DP documentation for more information.
CLAMP 1100 Selects bypass register and applies preloaded values to
output pins.
NOTE: Execution of this instruction asserts functional reset.
EZPORT 1101 Enables the EZPORT function for the SoC
ARM JTAG-DP Reserved 1110 This instruction goes the ARM JTAG-DP controller. See the
ARM JTAG-DP documentation for more information.
BYPASS 1111 Selects bypass register for data operations
48.4.4.1 IDCODE instruction
IDCODE selects the 32-bit device identification register as the shift path between TDI
and TDO. This instruction allows interrogation of the MCU to determine its version
number and other part identification data. IDCODE is the instruction placed into the
instruction register when the JTAGC block is reset.
48.4.4.2 SAMPLE/PRELOAD instruction
The SAMPLE/PRELOAD instruction has two functions:
• The SAMPLE portion of the instruction obtains a sample of the system data and
control signals present at the MCU input pins and just before the boundary scan
register cells at the output pins. This sampling occurs on the rising edge of TCK in
the Capture-DR state when the SAMPLE/PRELOAD instruction is active. The
sampled data is viewed by shifting it through the boundary scan register to the TDO
output during the Shift-DR state. Both the data capture and the shift operation are
transparent to system operation.
• The PRELOAD portion of the instruction initializes the boundary scan register cells
before selecting the EXTEST or CLAMP instructions to perform boundary scan
tests. This is achieved by shifting in initialization data to the boundary scan register
during the Shift-DR state. The initialization data is transferred to the parallel outputs
of the boundary scan register cells on the falling edge of TCK in the Update-DR
state. The data is applied to the external output pins by the EXTEST or CLAMP
instruction. System operation is not affected.
Functional description
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48.4.4.3 SAMPLE instruction
The SAMPLE instruction obtains a sample of the system data and control signals present
at the MCU input pins and just before the boundary scan register cells at the output pins.
This sampling occurs on the rising edge of TCK in the Capture-DR state when the
SAMPLE instruction is active. The sampled data is viewed by shifting it through the
boundary scan register to the TDO output during the Shift-DR state. There is no defined
action in the Update-DR state. Both the data capture and the shift operation are
transparent to system operation.
48.4.4.4 EXTEST External test instruction
EXTEST selects the boundary scan register as the shift path between TDI and TDO. It
allows testing of off-chip circuitry and board-level interconnections by driving preloaded
data contained in the boundary scan register onto the system output pins. Typically, the
preloaded data is loaded into the boundary scan register using the SAMPLE/PRELOAD
instruction before the selection of EXTEST. EXTEST asserts the internal system reset for
the MCU to force a predictable internal state while performing external boundary scan
operations.
48.4.4.5 HIGHZ instruction
HIGHZ selects the bypass register as the shift path between TDI and TDO. While
HIGHZ is active all output drivers are placed in an inactive drive state (e.g., high
impedance). HIGHZ also asserts the internal system reset for the MCU to force a
predictable internal state.
48.4.4.6 CLAMP instruction
CLAMP allows the state of signals driven from MCU pins to be determined from the
boundary scan register while the bypass register is selected as the serial path between
TDI and TDO. CLAMP enhances test efficiency by reducing the overall shift path to a
single bit (the bypass register) while conducting an EXTEST type of instruction through
the boundary scan register. CLAMP also asserts the internal system reset for the MCU to
force a predictable internal state.
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48.4.4.7 BYPASS instruction
BYPASS selects the bypass register, creating a single-bit shift register path between TDI
and TDO. BYPASS enhances test efficiency by reducing the overall shift path when no
test operation of the MCU is required. This allows more rapid movement of test data to
and from other components on a board that are required to perform test functions. While
the BYPASS instruction is active the system logic operates normally.
48.4.5 Boundary scan
The boundary scan technique allows signals at component boundaries to be controlled
and observed through the shift-register stage associated with each pad. Each stage is part
of a larger boundary scan register cell, and cells for each pad are interconnected serially
to form a shift-register chain around the border of the design. The boundary scan register
consists of this shift-register chain, and is connected between TDI and TDO when the
EXTEST, SAMPLE, or SAMPLE/PRELOAD instructions are loaded. The shift-register
chain contains a serial input and serial output, as well as clock and control signals.
48.5 Initialization/Application information
The test logic is a static logic design, and TCK can be stopped in either a high or low
state without loss of data. However, the system clock is not synchronized to TCK
internally. Any mixed operation using both the test logic and the system functional logic
requires external synchronization.
To initialize the JTAGC block and enable access to registers, the following sequence is
required:
1. Place the JTAGC in reset through TAP controller state machine transitions controlled
by TMS
2. Load the appropriate instruction for the test or action to be performed
Initialization/Application information
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Appendix A
Release Notes for Revision 4
A.1 About This Document chapter changes
• No substantial content changes
A.2 Introduction chapter changes
• Added CSP variant in orderable parts table
A.3 Chip Configuration chapter changes
• Added CSP variants in Flash memory size section and SRAM sizes section
• In "Universal Serial Bus (USB) FS Subsystem," section, updated the fourth bullet to "Status detection and wakeup
functions for USB data pins, VBUS pin, and OTG ID pin."
• Updated the figure, "USB FS/LS Subsystem Overview," adding block for IRC48M.
• Changed title of the section, "USB Wakeup," to "USB pin status detection and wakeup interrupt features"; updated
feature descriptions for clarification.
• In "USB Power Distribution," section, edited description for clarification as follows: This chip includes an internal 5 V to
3.3 V USB regulator that powers the USB transceiver and USB device charger detection module. The regulator output
may optionally be used to power the MCU VDD (depending on the application).
• In "USB power management" section, edited description for clarification as follows: "The regulator should be put into
STANDBY mode whenever the chip is in Stop mode and the USB bus is not in use. The regulator must remain in RUN
mode for all USB communication including Suspend, Resume, and Reset signaling."
• In "USB and VREGIN pin status detection and wakeup interrupt features" section, removed "and VREGIN" from title
• In "USB Power Distribution" section, removed note about pin names
• Removed VBUS Detect section
A.4 Memory Map chapter changes
• No substantial content changes
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A.5 Clock Distribution chapter changes
• No substantial content changes
A.6 Reset and Boot chapter changes
• No substantial content changes
A.7 Power Management chapter changes
• No substantial content changes
A.8 Security chapter changes
• No substantial content changes
A.9 Debug chapter changes
• Updated MDM-AP Status register assignments and MDM-AP Control register assignments
• Updated Debug and Security section
• Updated Debug Port pins section
A.10 Signal Multiplexing and Signal Descriptions chapter
changes
• Added the column for 49WLCSP in K22F Signal Multiplexing and Pin Assignments table
• Add the pin out diagram of 49 WLCSP package
Clock Distribution chapter changes
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A.11 PORT changes
• For the "Digital filter" section, clarified the maximum latency through a digital filter.
• In Pin Control Register (PCRn), added additional details to Interrupt Configuration field (IRQC) description.
• Updated fields of PORT_PCR[MUX].
• In the "Pin Control Register n (PORT_PCRn)" section, clarified the last paragraph in the note.
A.12 SIM changes
• No substantial content changes
A.13 Kinetis Flash Bootloader changes
Added various commands.
• Added "FlashEraseRegion Command Packet Format (Example)" table to the topic: FlashEraseRegion command
• Updated the Description Field of Configuration Fields for the Kinetis Bootloader table
• Updated FlashEraseAll command section
• In topic "Start-up Process," updated labels in the figure "Kinetis Bootloader Start-up Flowchart" and added a note.
• In topics "The Kinetis Bootloader Configuration Area (BCA)" and "CRC-32 Check on Application Data": added notes.
• Correction to Kinetis Flashloader Start-up Flowchart for I2Cn and SPIn decision box criteria.
• Call command was added.
• LPUART was corrected to UART. Note that the device has both UART and LPUART (low power UART) blocks, but the
flashloader works with UART, not LPUART.
• Clock configuration section was updated.
• Deleted FlashSecurity Disable Command from Introduction, Command packet and AvailableCommands Property
section
• Removed FlashSecurityDisable command section
• For devices with USB, UART, I2C, SPI, CAN peripherals, updated the startup flowchart.
• For "Kinetis Flashloader Start-up Flowchart" figure, reworded some decision diamonds to be more specific ("Was Start
byte (0x5A) received?").
• In "Start-up Process" section, replaced "The flashloader initializes the .data and .bss sections" with "The flashloader’s
temporary working area in RAM is initialized".
• In "GetProperty command" section, added mentions of internal memory regions, and 2 footnotes.
• In "LPUART Peripheral" section (or UART section, depending on your specific device), added autobaud ping packet
accuracy requirement.
• In FlashEraseAll command section, in "FlashEraseAll Command Packet Format" table, added MemoryID parameter to
command packet parameters
• RAM Memory map was removed
• In "FillMemory command" section, corrected missing text for "Writing to flash requires the start address to be"
• In "Get/SetProperty Command Properties" section, table "Properties used by Get/SetProperty Commands, sorted by
Value", updated the description of RAMStartAddress and RAMSizeInBytes properties.
Appendix A Release Notes for Revision 4
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A.14 RCM changes
• Updated the name of AN4503 to AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs
A.15 SMC changes
• Updated the name of AN4503 to “AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs”
• Removed RAM2 content.
A.16 PMC changes
• Updated the name of AN4503 to “AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs”
A.17 LLWU changes
• Updated the name of AN4503 to “AN4503: Power Management for Kinetis MCUs”
A.18 MCM changes
• No substantial content changes
A.19 Crossbar switch module changes
• In Features added phrase to bullet re. arbitration to see chip-specific information.
• In Memory Map / Register Definition added paragraph stating to see chip-specific information re. arbitration.
• In General operation :
• Changed "When a slave bus is being idled by the crossbar,..." to "When a slave bus, other than the flash (if
present), is being idled by the crossbar,...".
• Added paragraph that begins, "If present, the flash slave port parks..."
•General operation : Removed phrase, ", other than the flash (if present),". Removed last paragraph that began with "If
present, the flash slave port..."
•Features :
• Replaced "64-bit data bus" with "Up to single-clock 32-bit transfer".
• Removed bullet beginning with, "Operation at a 1-to-1 clock frequency..." from Features.
RCM changes
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•General operation : Removed paragraph beginning with "A master is given control of the targeted slave..." and the
following list, beginning with "A higher priority master has...".
•Fixed-priority operation : Removed the note referring to MGPCR from the "How the Crossbar Switch grants control of a
slave port to a master" table.
•Initialization/application information :
• Changed wording of sentence about arbitration scheme.
A.20 AIPS module changes
Memory map/register definition has been added stating that this module has no registers.
• Edited General operation.
• Corrected misspellings in Memory map/register definition.
A.21 DMAMUX module changes
• Updated the offset address of the registers
• Updated the offset address of registers in the code example given in the section "Enabling and configuring sources"
• Removed the address information of CHCFG1 register (base address + 0x01) and CHCFG8 (base address + 0x08)
from the section "Enabling and configuring sources."
• Updated the section "Features" to show support for 34 peripheral slots.
A.22 eDMA module changes
•Fault reporting and handling : Added note re. cancel transfer request. Added note re. channel priority errors.
•Block parts : Changed "16 bytes of register storage" to "a data buffer" in Data path description.
• Added note to DMA_CR[CLM] description re. restriction on use of continuous link mode.
• In section "Peak transfer rates", added a note stating "All architectures will not meet the assumptions listed above. See
the SRAM configuration section for more information."
•Features : Removed bullet "Error detection and error correction".
•Features : Removed bullet beginning with, "Support to cancel transfers..."
•Memory map/register definition : Edited image in TCD structure for clarity for word at 0008h.
• Made editorial changes in Fault reporting and handling.
• Editorial changes.
• Removed "(INTC)" from Interrupt Request Register (DMA_INT) description.
• Corrected the width of the Reserved field beginning at bit 247 in DMA_CR from 4 to 7 bits.
•TCD Transfer Attributes (DMA_TCDn_ATTR) [SSIZE]: Removed word "burst" from definitions for bit values 100 and
101.
• Changed the following descriptive names of registers and fields:
• TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Disabled) to TCD Minor Byte Count (Minor Loop Mapping Disabled).
• TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop Enabled and Offset Disabled) to TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset
(Minor Loop Mapping Enabled and Offset Disabled).
• TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop and Offset Enabled) to TCD Signed Minor Loop Offset (Minor Loop
Mapping and Offset Enabled).
Appendix A Release Notes for Revision 4
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• Link Channel Number to Minor Loop Link Channel Number (DMA_TCDn_CITER_ELINKYES[LINKCH]).
• Link Channel Number to Major Loop Link Channel Number (DMA_TCDn_CSR[MAJORLINKCH]).
• Edited Introduction.
•Dynamic channel linking : Added cross-reference to TCD structure.
•Features : Replaced "optional" with other wording to improve clarity.
• Changed note in CLM field description of DMA_CR register.
•Error Status Register (DMA_ES) : Added two causes of channel errors to list in register description.
• DMA_TCDn_CSR[BWC ]: Removed note from field description.
• DMA_TCDn_CSR[ACTIVE ]: Changed access from RW to RO.
•Error Status Register (DMA_ES) : Removed bullet about uncorrectable TCD SRAM errors.
•eDMA initialization : In bullet beginning with "Enable any hardware service requests..." replaced "ERQH and ERQL
registers" with "ERQ register."
•Error Status Register (DMA_ES) : In description, replaced "See the Error Reporting and Handling section" with "See
Fault reporting and handling.
A.23 EWM changes
• Substantial changes throughout the chapter which include:
• Changed the term "service" to "refresh" throughout the chapter to better explain the EWM refresh mechanism.
• Updated the block diagram.
• Updated the table "EWM refresh mechanism".
• Editorial changes
A.24 WDOG changes
• No substantial content changes
A.25 MCG changes
• Updated the bitfield access of ATMF and LOCS0 in the MCG_SC register
• Added footnote to MCG_C2[FCTRIM] field
• Updated the reset value of MCG_C2[FCTRIM] to x
A.26 OSC changes
• No substantial content changes
EWM changes
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A.27 RTC Oscillator changes
• No substantial content changes
A.28 FMC changes
• The Flash Access Control function is part of the FMC and is now described within the FMC functional description.
• Updated flash cache size to 4-bit.
• Updated FMC_PFAPR register.
• In "Flash Command Impact" and "FAC application tips" sections, removed SWAP information, because it is not
supported on this device.
A.29 FTFA changes
• Add ACCERR check for sector size larger than segment size in Error Handling table for RD1XA and ERSXA
commands
• Modify FSEC[MEEN] register field description
• Modify Flash Commands by Mode table entries for Read 1s All Blocks and Erase All Blocks commands
• Add Read 1s All Execute-only Segments and Erase All Execute-only Segments commands; modify list of Margin Read
Commands
• Add reference to AN5112 in Flash Access Protection
• Add ACCERR check for mode/security in Error Handling table for Verify Backdoor Access Key and Read 1s All Blocks
commands
• Change column heading from Byte to Offset Address in configuration field description table
• Add suggestion to bit poll FSTAT[CCIF] for command completion in Generic flash command write sequence flowchart
• Clarify that ACCERR and FPVIOL flags must be clear before ERSSUSP can be set in Suspending an Erase Flash
Sector Operation
• Remove erroneous reference to the flash configuration field in Suspending an Erase Flash Sector Operation
• Specify minimum time of 4.3 msec between request to resume and suspend erase in Resuming an Erase Flash Sector
Operation
• Add list of specific commands impacted by Flash Access Protection
• Clarify writability of ACCERR and FPVIOL while CCIF is set in FSTAT register description
• In FTFA_FACSN[NUMSG], changed bit field value from 0x40 to 0x4x
A.30 EzPort changes
• In "EzPort commands" table, modified footnote in BE row from "Bulk Erase is accepted when security is set and only
when the BEDIS status field is not set," to "Bulk Erase is accepted when the BEDIS status field is not set."
• In "EzPort status register field description," in BEDIS row:
Appendix A Release Notes for Revision 4
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NXP Semiconductors 1289
• Modified field description from "Indicates whether bulk erase (BE) is disabled when flash is secure," to "Indicates
whether bulk erase (BE) is disabled."
• Modified first sentence of bit setting description for '1', from "1 = BE is disabled if FS is also set," to "1 = BE is
disabled."
A.31 CRC changes
In the "Introduction" section, removed "WAS" from the sentence "The CRC module provides a programmable polynomial,
WAS, and other parameters required to implement a 16-bit or 32-bit CRC standard."
A.32 ADC changes
• Editorial changes
• Changed bitfield access of ADC_SC3[CALF] to w1c (write 1 to clear).
A.33 CMP changes
• Updated the field description of CFF and CFR in CMP Status and Control Register to show CMP interrupts are edge
sensitive only
A.34 DAC changes
• No substantial content changes
A.35 VREF changes
• Added Internal Voltage Regulator topic to the chapter.
A.36 PDB changes
• In PDB trigger input source selection section, the sentence "SC[TRIGSEL] selects the active trigger input source or
software trigger." was removed.
• In "Pulse-Out's" section, added a Pulse-Out generation diagram.
• Updated LDOK with a slightly more clear description.
CRC changes
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1290 NXP Semiconductors
• Added a note about SC[LDOK] to Modulus register (PDB_MOD), Interrupt Delay register (PDB_IDLY), PODLY,
DACINTx, and registers.
• Deleted “PDB signal description” section.
• In Pulse-Out n Enable register (POEN), in bit POEN (PDB Pulse-Out Enable), changed "Enables the pulse output.
Only lower Y bits are implemented in this MCU." to "Enables the pulse output. Only lower 8 bits are implemented in
this MCU."
A.37 FTM changes
• Added the following note to Introduction, Block diagram, and Memory map sections:
"The number of channels supported can vary for each instance of the FTM module on a chip. See the chip-specific
FTM information to see how many channels are supported for each module instance. For example, if a module
instance supports only six channels, references to channel numbers 6 and 7 do not apply for that instance."
• Updated feature list to add "Initialization trigger"
• For section "Counter clock source", changed "SC register selects clock sources" to "SC register selects one of three
possible clock sources"
• Made the following changes to section Channel trigger output to clarify external trigger functionality:
• Updated figure "Channel match trigger"
• Updated the first two paragraphs to "If CH(j)TRIG bit of the FTM External Trigger (FTM_EXTTRIG) register is
set, where j = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, then the FTM generates a trigger when the channel (j) match occurs (FTM
counter = C(j)V). The channel trigger output provides a trigger signal which has one FTM clock period width and
is used for on-chip modules."
• In FTM_EXTTRIG register description, added cross-references to Channel trigger output and Initialization trigger
sections
• Updated description of FTM_SC[CLKS] field
• In section Edge-Aligned PWM (EPWM) mode, updated sentence to read as follows: "If (CnV > MOD), then the channel
(n) output is a 100% duty cycle EPWM signal and CHnF bit is not set even when there is the channel (n) match."
• For section "Modes of operation" and section "Counter clock source", changed "MCU" to "chip"
• For section "Counter clock source", changed "Refer to the chip specific documentation for further information." to "see
the chip-specific FTM information for further details."
• Added more details about input capture delay on section "Filter for Input Capture mode".
• Corrected "Channel input filter example" figure on section "Filter for Input Capture mode".
A.38 PIT module changes
• No substantial content changes
A.39 LPTMR changes
Added a note to the LPTMR_CNR register.
Appendix A Release Notes for Revision 4
K22F Sub-Family Reference Manual, Rev. 4, 08/2016
NXP Semiconductors 1291
A.40 RTC changes
• No substantial content changes
A.41 USB full speed OTG controller changes
Added new topic under "Functional description": "On-chip transceiver required external components."
• Corrected "Host-only diagram" and "Dual-role diagram" to reflect absence of internal regulator
• In introduction to diagrams, added, "The VDD pin connections in the following figures are shown as examples only.
The VDD supply voltage can be chosen from the range shown for that pin in the device datasheet for this SOC, while
the USBVDD supply must be 3.3v nominal for USB compliance."
A.42 SPI module changes
• Included two topics Modified SPI Transfer Format (MTFE = 1, CPHA = 0) and Modified SPI Transfer Format (MTFE =
1, CPHA = 1).
• Reduced bit width of SPI_CTARn_SLAVE [FMSZ] from 5 to 4 and updating the bit to reserved.
• In RSER register, added "Always write the reset value to this field." to some of the Reserved bits. Also, updated bit
field access to RW for these bits.
• In PUSHR register, added note "Always write the reset value to this field." to Reserved bits. Also, updated bit field
access to RW for these bits.
• In MCR register, updated bit field access to RW for Reserved bit fields 22 and 23. Also updated bit field description
with text, "Always write the reset value to this field".
• In Memory Map/Register Definition section, added RXFRn to statement re. write accesses results in transfer error.
• Updated bit field description for SPI_MCR[PCSIS].
• Updated bit field description for SPI_PUSHR[PCS].
• Updated section, Continuous Serial Communications Clock
• Editorial updates.
• In "SPI memory map" table of Memory Map/Register Definition section, changed reset value of Status Register from
"See section" to actual value.
• Updated bit field description for SPI_MCR[MTFE]
• In Section, Classic SPI Transfer Format (CPHA = 0), changed "After the tASC delay elapses, the master outputs the
first edge of SCK"to "After the tCSC delay elapses..."
• Updated SPI_MCR[MDIS] bit field description for setting default reset value to 1 instead of 0.
• In SPI_CTARn[FMSZ], updated description of 'fr' to 'register interface clock frequency'.
• Updated SPI_PUSHR register description.
• Updated SPI_PUSHR_SLAVE register description.
• Updated bit field description and width for SPI_PUSHR_SLAVE[TXDATA]
• Added note to SPI_MCR[PCSIS] bit field.
• Updated bit field description for SPI_TXFRn[TXCMD_TXDATA].
• Changed "MCU" to "chip" throughout the chapter.
• Removed note from Section, SIN—Serial Input
RTC changes
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1292 NXP Semiconductors
• Added note to SPI_SR[TFFF] bit field.
• In Section, Modified SPI Transfer Format (MTFE = 1, CPHA = 1), added note, "When using MTFE=1...POP operation."
• In Modified SPI Transfer Format (MTFE = 1, CPHA = 1) - Updated note.
• Previous Errata moved to documentation: In Module Configuration Register (SPI_MCR), note to the
SPI_MCR[CLR_RXF] bit field description.
• In Status Register (SPI_SR) - Changed TXRXS bitfield access from W1C to RO.
• In PCS0/SS—Peripheral Chip Select/Slave Select - Added note.
• Deleted note from SOUT—Serial Output.
• Clarified Memory Map/Register Definition introductory text by changing second sentence:
• From: "Write access to the POPR and RXFRn also results in a transfer error."
• To: "Any Write access to the POPR and RXFRn also results in a transfer error."
• In section, PCS0/SS—Peripheral Chip Select/Slave Select : Updated note.
A.43 I2C changes
• “IIAAS” corrected to “IAAS”, in the figure "Typical I2C interrupt routine" under the section "Initialization/application
information".
• Added a note for I2C_FLT[STOPF].
• Added a note in the section "Address matching wake-up".
A.44 UART changes
• Added the following note to the bitfield description of MODEM[TXRTSE]:
NOTE: Ensure that C2[TE] is asserted beforeassertion of this bit.
• Added an overbar over the CTS signal name in Table 44-1.
A.45 LPUART changes
• Updated the field descriptions of WATER[RXWATER] and STAT[RDRF].
A.46 I2S/SAI changes
• In RDR and TDR registers, removed [31:0] from 2 bitfield names. The bitfield definitions did not change, just the
"names" for the bitfields.
• In I2S_TCR2[MSEL], changed bit field description for 00 to Master Clock (MCLK) 1 option selected.
• For section "Modes of operation", removed "MCU" from "these MCU power modes".
• Removed a note about data lines and channels, which does not apply to this device.
Appendix A Release Notes for Revision 4
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A.47 GPIO changes
• Updated Features
A.48 JTAGC module changes
• No substantial content changes
GPIO changes
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Document Number K22P121M100SF9RM
Revision 4, 08/2016