AD9958/PCBZ - Analog Devices Inc

2-Channel, 500 MSPS DDS

with 10-Bit DACs

Data Sheet

AD9958

Rev. C Document Feedback

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FEATURES

2 synchronized DDS channels @ 500 MSPS

Independent frequency/phase/amplitude control between

channels

Matched latencies for frequency/phase/amplitude changes

Excellent channel-to-channel isolation (>72 dB)

Linear frequency/phase/amplitude sweeping capability

Up to 16 levels of frequency/phase/amplitude modulation

(pin-selectable)

2 integrated 10-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs)

Individually programmable DAC full-scale currents

0.12 Hz or better frequency tuning resolution

14-bit phase offset resolution

10-bit output amplitude scaling resolution

Serial I/O port interface (SPI) with 800 Mbps data throughput

Software-/hardware-controlled power-down

Dual supply operation (1.8 V DDS core/3.3 V serial I/O)

Multiple device synchronization

Selectable 4× to 20× REFCLK multiplier (PLL)

Selectable REFCLK crystal oscillator

56-lead LFCSP

APPLICATIONS

Agile local oscillators

Phased array radars/sonars

Instrumentation

Synchronized clocking

RF source for AOTF

Single-side band suppressed carriers

Quadrature communications

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1.

RECONSTRUCTED

SINE WAVE

10-BIT

DAC

RECONSTRUCTED

SINE WAVE

10-BIT

DAC

(2)

500MSPS

DDS CORE S

TIMING AND

CONTROL

USER I NTERFACE

MODULATION CONTROL

REF CLO CK

INPUT CI RCUIT RY

SYSTEM

CLOCK

SOURCE

AD9958

05252-000

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 2 of 44

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features .............................................................................................. 1

Applications ....................................................................................... 1

Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1

Revision History ............................................................................... 2

General Description ......................................................................... 3

Specifications ..................................................................................... 4

Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 8

ESD Caution .................................................................................. 8

Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 9

Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 11

Application Circuits ....................................................................... 14

Equivalent Input and Output Circuits ......................................... 17

Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 18

DDS Core ..................................................................................... 18

Digital-to-Analog Converter .................................................... 18

Modes of Operation ....................................................................... 19

Channel Constraint Guidelines ................................................ 19

Power Supplies ............................................................................ 19

Single-Tone Mode ...................................................................... 19

Reference Clock Modes ............................................................. 20

Scalable DAC Reference Current Control Mode ................... 21

Power-Down Functions ............................................................. 21

Modulation Mode ....................................................................... 21

Modulation Using SDIO_x Pins for RU/RD .......................... 24

Linear Sweep Mode .................................................................... 25

Linear Sweep No-Dwell Mode ................................................. 26

Sweep and Phase Accumulator Clearing Functions .............. 27

Output Amplitude Control Mode ............................................ 28

Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices ................................... 29

Automatic Mode Synchronization ........................................... 29

Manual Software Mode Synchronization ................................ 29

Manual Hardware Mode Synchronization .............................. 29

I/O_UPDATE, SYNC_CLK, and System Clock

Relationships ............................................................................... 30

Serial I/O Port ................................................................................. 31

Overview ..................................................................................... 31

Instruction Byte Description .................................................... 32

Serial I/O Port Pin Description ................................................ 32

Serial I/O Port Function Description ...................................... 32

MSB/LSB Transfer Description ................................................ 32

Serial I/O Modes of Operation ................................................. 33

Descriptions for Control Registers .......................................... 39

Descriptions for Channel Registers ......................................... 41

Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 44

Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 44

REVISION HISTORY

11/2016—Rev. B to Rev. C

Change to Figure 37 Caption ........................................................ 26

4/2013—Rev. A to Rev. B

Changes to Linear Sweep Mode Section and Setting the Slope of

the Linear Sweep ............................................................................. 25

Changes to Figure 38 and Figure 39 Captions ............................ 27

Changes to Ramp Rate Timer Section ......................................... 28

Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 44

7/2008—Rev. 0 to Rev. A

Changes to Features .......................................................................... 1

Inserted Figure 1; Renumbered Sequentially ................................ 1

Changes to Input Level Parameter in Table 1 ............................... 4

Added Profile Pin Toggle Rate Parameter in Table 1 ................... 6

Changes to Layout ............................................................................ 8

Changes to Table 3 ............................................................................ 9

Added Equivalent Input and Output Circuits Section .............. 17

Changes to Reference Clock Input Circuitry Section ................ 20

Change to Figure 35 ....................................................................... 21

Changes to Setting the Slope of the Linear Sweep Section ....... 25

Changes to Figure 37...................................................................... 26

Changes to Figure 38 and Figure 39 ............................................ 27

Changes to Figure 40...................................................................... 30

Added Table 25; Renumbered Sequentially ................................ 31

Changes to Figure 41...................................................................... 31

Changes to Figure 42, Serial Data I/O (SDIO_0, SDIO_1,

SDIO_3) Section, and Added Example Instruction Byte

Section .............................................................................................. 32

Added Table 27 ............................................................................... 33

Changes to Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48, and Figure 49 ...... 35

Changes to Register Maps and Bit Descriptions Section and

Added Endnote 2 to Table 28 ........................................................ 36

Added Endnote 1 to Table 30 ........................................................ 38

Added Exposed Pad Notation to Outline Dimensions ............. 44

9/2005—Revision 0: Initial Version

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 3 of 44

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD9958 consists of two DDS cores that provide indepen-

dent frequency, phase, and amplitude control on each channel.

This flexibility can be used to correct imbalances between

signals due to analog processing, such as filtering, amplification,

or PCB layout related mismatches. Because both channels share

a common system clock, they are inherently synchronized.

Synchronization of multiple devices is supported.

The AD9958 can perform up to a 16-level modulation of

frequency, phase, or amplitude (FSK, PSK, ASK). Modulation is

performed by applying data to the profile pins. In addition, the

AD9958 also supports linear sweep of frequency, phase, or

amplitude for applications such as radar and instrumentation.

The AD9958 serial I/O port offers multiple configurations to

provide significant flexibility. The serial I/O port offers an SPI-

compatible mode of operation that is virtually identical to the

SPI operation found in earlier Analog Devices, Inc., DDS

products. Flexibility is provided by four data pins (SDIO_0/

SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3) that allow four programmable

modes of serial I/O operation.

The AD9958 uses advanced DDS technology that provides low

power dissipation with high performance. The device incorporates

two integrated, high speed 10-bit DACs with excellent wideband

and narrow-band SFDR. Each channel has a dedicated 32-bit

frequency tuning word, 14 bits of phase offset, and a 10-bit

output scale multiplier.

The DAC outputs are supply referenced and must be termin-

ated into AVDD by a resistor or an AVDD center-tapped

transformer. Each DAC has its own programmable reference to

enable different full-scale currents for each channel.

The DDS acts as a high resolution frequency divider with the

REFCLK as the input and the DAC providing the output. The

REFCLK input source is common to both channels and can be

driven directly or used in combination with an integrated

REFCLK multiplier (PLL) up to a maximum of 500 MSPS. The

PLL multiplication factor is programmable from 4 to 20, in

integer steps. The REFCLK input also features an oscillator

circuit to support an external crystal as the REFCLK source.

The crystal must be between 20 MHz and 30 MHz. The crystal

can be used in combination with the REFCLK multiplier.

The AD9958 comes in a space-saving 56-lead LFCSP package.

The DDS core (AVDD and DVDD pins) is powered by a 1.8 V

supply. The digital I/O interface (SPI) operates at 3.3 V and

requires the pin labeled DVDD_I/O (Pin 49) be connected

to 3.3 V.

The AD9958 operates over the industrial temperature range of

−40°C to +85°C.

Figure 2. Detailed Block Diagram

AD9958

32 32 1015

CH0_IOUT

Σ Σ Σ DAC

COS(X)

DDS CORE

CH0_IOUT

∆FTW

FTW

SYNC_CLK

CLK_MODE_SEL

BUFFER/

XTAL

OSCILLATOR

SYSTEM

CLK

1.8V

AVDD DVDD

SYNC_IN

SYNC_OUT

I/O_UPDATE

32 PHASE/

∆PHASE

AMP/

∆AMP

1014

1015

CH1_IOUT

Σ Σ Σ DAC CH1_IOUT

DAC_RSET

REF_CLK

PWR_DWN_CTL

MASTER_RESET

SCLK

SDIO_0

SDIO_1

SDIO_2

SDIO_3

TIMING AND CONTROL LOGIC

SCALABLE

DAC REF

CURRENT

MUX I/O

PORT

BUFFER

CONTROL

REGISTERS

CHANNEL

REGISTERS

PROFILE

REGISTERS

÷4

REF CLOCK

MULTIPLIER

4× TO 20×

1.8V

P0 P1 P2 P3 DVDD_I/O

COS(X)

DDS CORE

05252-001

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 4 of 44

SPECIFICATIONS

AVDD and DVDD = 1.8 V ± 5%; DVDD_I/O = 3.3 V ± 5%; T = 25°C; RSET = 1.91 kΩ; external reference clock frequency = 500 MSPS

(REFCLK multiplier bypassed), unless otherwise noted.

Table 1.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

REFERENCE CLOCK INPUT CHARACTERISTICS See Figure 34 and Figure 35

Frequency Range

REFCLK Multiplier Bypassed 1 500 MHz

REFCLK Multiplier Enabled 10 125 MHz

Internal VCO Output Frequency Range

VCO Gain Control Bit Set High1 255 500 MHz

VCO Gain Control Bit Set Low1 100 160 MHz

Crystal REFCLK Source Range 20 30 MHz

Input Level 200 1000 mV Measured at each pin (single-ended)

Input Voltage Bias Level 1.15 V

Input Capacitance 2 pF

Input Impedance 1500 Ω

Duty Cycle with REFCLK Multiplier Bypassed 45 55 %

Duty Cycle with REFCLK Multiplier Enabled 35 65 %

CLK Mode Select (Pin 24) Logic 1 Voltage 1.25 1.8 V 1.8 V digital input logic

CLK Mode Select (Pin 24) Logic 0 Voltage 0.5 V 1.8 V digital input logic

DAC OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Must be referenced to AVDD

Resolution 10 Bits

Full-Scale Output Current 1.25 10 mA

Gain Error −10 +10 % FS

Channel-to-Channel Output Amplitude Matching Error −2.5 +2.5 %

Output Current Offset 1 25 µA

Differential Nonlinearity ±0.5 LSB

Integral Nonlinearity ±1.0 LSB

Output Capacitance 3 pF

Voltage Compliance Range AVDD −

0.50

AVDD +

0.50

Channel-to-Channel Isolation 72 dB DAC supplies tied together (see Figure 19)

WIDEBAND SFDR The frequency range for wideband SFDR

is defined as dc to Nyquist

1 MHz to 20 MHz Analog Output −65 dBc

20 MHz to 60 MHz Analog Output −62 dBc

60 MHz to 100 MHz Analog Output −59 dBc

100 MHz to 150 MHz Analog Output −56 dBc

150 MHz to 200 MHz Analog Output

−53

dBc

NARROW-BAND SFDR

1.1 MHz Analog Output (±10 kHz) −90 dBc

1.1 MHz Analog Output (±50 kHz) −88 dBc

1.1 MHz Analog Output (±250 kHz) −86 dBc

1.1 MHz Analog Output (±1 MHz) −85 dBc

15.1 MHz Analog Output (±10 kHz) −90 dBc

15.1 MHz Analog Output (±50 kHz) −87 dBc

15.1 MHz Analog Output (±250 kHz) −85 dBc

15.1 MHz Analog Output (±1 MHz)

−83

dBc

40.1 MHz Analog Output (±10 kHz) −90 dBc

40.1 MHz Analog Output (±50 kHz) −87 dBc

40.1 MHz Analog Output (±250 kHz) −84 dBc

40.1 MHz Analog Output (±1 MHz) −82 dBc

75.1 MHz Analog Output (±10 kHz) −87 dBc

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 5 of 44

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

75.1 MHz Analog Output (±50 kHz) −85 dBc

75.1 MHz Analog Output (±250 kHz) −83 dBc

75.1 MHz Analog Output (±1 MHz) −82 dBc

100.3 MHz Analog Output (±10 kHz) −87 dBc

100.3 MHz Analog Output (±50 kHz) −85 dBc

100.3 MHz Analog Output (±250 kHz) −83 dBc

100.3 MHz Analog Output (±1 MHz) −81 dBc

200.3 MHz Analog Output (±10 kHz)

−87

dBc

200.3 MHz Analog Output (±50 kHz) −85 dBc

200.3 MHz Analog Output (±250 kHz) −83 dBc

200.3 MHz Analog Output (±1 MHz) −81 dBc

PHASE NOISE CHARACTERISTICS

Residual Phase Noise @ 15.1 MHz (fOUT)

@ 1 kHz Offset −150 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −159 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −165 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset

−165

dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 40.1 MHz (fOUT)

@ 1 kHz Offset −142 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −151 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −160 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −162 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 75.1 MHz (fOUT)

@ 1 kHz Offset −135 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −146 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −154 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −157 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 100.3 MHz (fOUT)

@ 1 kHz Offset −134 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset

−144

dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −152 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −154 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 15.1 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 5×

@ 1 kHz Offset

−139

dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −149 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −153 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −148 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 40.1 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 5×

@ 1 kHz Offset −130 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −140 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset

−145

dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −139 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 75.1 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 5×

@ 1 kHz Offset −123 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset

−134

dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −138 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −132 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 100.3 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 5×

@ 1 kHz Offset

−120

dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −130 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −135 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −129 dBc/Hz

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 6 of 44

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

Residual Phase Noise @ 15.1 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 20×

@ 1 kHz Offset −127 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −136 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −139 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −138 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 40.1 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 20×

@ 1 kHz Offset −117 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −128 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −132 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −130 dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 75.1 MHz (f

OUT

) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 20×

@ 1 kHz Offset −110 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −121 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −125 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset

−123

dBc/Hz

Residual Phase Noise @ 100.3 MHz (fOUT) with REFCLK

Multiplier Enabled 20×

@ 1 kHz Offset −107 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −119 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −121 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −119 dBc/Hz

SERIAL PORT TIMING CHARACTERISTICS

Maximum Frequency Serial Clock (SCLK) 200 MHz

Minimum SCLK Pulse Width Low (tPWL) 1.6 ns

Minimum SCLK Pulse Width High (tPWH) 2.2 ns

Minimum Data Setup Time (tDS) 2.2 ns

Minimum Data Hold Time 0 ns

Minimum CS Setup Time (tPRE) 1.0 ns

Minimum Data Valid Time for Read Operation 12 ns

MISCELLANEOUS TIMING CHARACTERISTICS

MASTER_RESET Minimum Pulse Width 1 Min pulse width = 1 sync clock period

I/O_UPDATE Minimum Pulse Width 1 Min pulse width = 1 sync clock period

Minimum Setup Time (I/O_UPDATE to SYNC_CLK) 4.8 ns Rising edge to rising edge

Minimum Hold Time (I/O_UPDATE to SYNC_CLK) 0 ns Rising edge to rising edge

Minimum Setup Time (Profile Inputs to SYNC_CLK) 5.4 ns

Minimum Hold Time (Profile Inputs to SYNC_CLK)

Minimum Setup Time (SDIO Inputs to SYNC_CLK) 2.5 ns

Minimum Hold Time (SDIO Inputs to SYNC_CLK) 0 ns

Propagation Time Between REF_CLK and SYNC_CLK 2.25 3.5 5.5 ns

Profile Pin Toggle Rate 2 Sync

clocks

CMOS LOGIC INPUTS

VIH 2.0 V

VIL 0.8 V

Logic 1 Current

µA

Logic 0 Current −12 µA

Input Capacitance 2 pF

CMOS LOGIC OUTPUTS 1 mA load

2.7

VOL 0.4 V

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 7 of 44

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

POWER SUPPLY

Total Power Dissipation—Both Channels On, Single-

Tone Mode

315 380 mW Dominated by supply variation

Total Power Dissipation—Both Channels On, with

Sweep Accumulator

350 420 mW Dominated by supply variation

Total Power Dissipation—Full Power-Down 13 mW

IAVDD—Both Channels On, Single-Tone Mode 90 105 mA

IAVDD—Both Channels On, Sweep Accumulator,

REFCLK Multiplier, and 10-Bit Output Scalar

Enabled

95 110 mA

IDVDD—Both Channels On, Single-Tone Mode 60 70 mA

IDVDD—Both Channels On, Sweep Accumulator,

REFCLK Multiplier, and 10-Bit Output Scalar

Enabled

70 80 mA

IDVDD_I/O 22 mA IDVDD = read

30 mA IDVDD = write

IAVDD Power-Down Mode 2.5 mA

DVDD

Power-Down Mode

2.5

DATA LATENCY (PIPELINE DELAY) SINGLE-TONE MODE2, 3

Frequency, Phase, and Amplitude Words to DAC

Output with Matched Latency Enabled

29 SYSCLKs

Frequency Word to DAC Output with Matched

Latency Disabled

SYSCLKs

Phase Offset Word to DAC Output with Matched

Latency Disabled

25 SYSCLKs

Amplitude Word to DAC Output with Matched

Latency Disabled

17 SYSCLKs

DATA LATENCY (PIPELINE DELAY) MODULATION MODE3, 4

Frequency Word to DAC Output 34 SYSCLKs

Phase Offset Word to DAC Output

SYSCLKs

Amplitude Word to DAC Output 21 SYSCLKs

DATA LATENCY (PIPELINE DELAY) LINEAR SWEEP MODE3, 4

Frequency Rising/Falling Delta-Tuning Word to DAC

Output

41 SYSCLKs

Phase Offset Rising/Falling Delta-Tuning Word to

DAC Output

37 SYSCLKs

Amplitude Rising/Falling Delta-Tuning Word to DAC

Output

29 SYSCLKs

1 For the VCO frequency range of 160 MHz to 255 MHz, there is no guarantee of operation.

2 Data latency is referenced to I/O_UPDATE.

3 Data latency is fixed.

4 Data latency is referenced to a profile change.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 8 of 44

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 2.

Parameter Rating

Maximum Junction Temperature 150°C

DVDD_I/O (Pin 49) 4 V

AVDD, DVDD 2 V

Digital Input Voltage (DVDD_I/O = 3.3 V) −0.7 V to +4 V

Digital Output Current 5 mA

Storage Temperature Range –65°C to +150°C

Operating Temperature Range –40°C to +85°C

Lead Temperature (10 sec Soldering)

300°C

θJA 21°C/W

θJC 2°C/W

Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum

Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a

stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these

or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational

section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond

the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may

affect product reliability.

ESD CAUTION

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 9 of 44

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

Figure 3. Pin Configuration

Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. Mnemonic I/O1 Description

1 SYNC_IN I Used to Synchronize Multiple AD9958 Devices. Connects to the SYNC_OUT pin of

the master AD9958 device.

2 SYNC_OUT O Used to Synchronize Multiple AD9958 Devices. Connects to the SYNC_IN pin of the

slave AD9958 devices.

MASTER_RESET

Active High Reset Pin. Asserting the MASTER_RESET pin forces the AD9958 internal

registers to their default state, as described in the Register Maps and Bit Descriptions

section.

4 PWR_DWN_CTL I External Power-Down Control.

5, 7, 11, 15, 19, 21,

26, 29, 30, 31, 33,

35, 36, 37, 39

AVDD I Analog Power Supply Pins (1.8 V).

6, 10, 12, 16, 18,

20, 25

AGND I Analog Ground Pins.

45, 55 DVDD I Digital Power Supply Pins (1.8 V).

44, 56 DGND I Digital Power Ground Pins.

CH0_IOUT

True DAC Output. Terminates into AVDD.

9 CH0_IOUT O Complementary DAC Output. Terminates into AVDD.

13 CH1_IOUT O True DAC Output. Terminates into AVDD.

14 CH1_IOUT O Complementary DAC Output. Terminates into AVDD.

17 DAC_RSET I Establishes the Reference Current for All DACs. A 1.91 kΩ resistor (nominal) is

connected from Pin 17 to AGND.

22 REF_CLK I Complementary Reference Clock/Oscillator Input. When the REF_CLK is operated

in single-ended mode, this pin should be decoupled to AVDD or AGND with a

0.1 µF capacitor.

23 REF_CLK I Reference Clock/Oscillator Input. When the REF_CLK is operated in single-ended

mode, this is the input. See the Modes of Operation section for the reference clock

configuration.

PIN 1

INDICATOR

SYNC_IN

SYNC_OUT

MASTER_RESET

PWR_DWN_CTL

AVDD

AGND

AVDD

CH0_IOUT

AGND

AVDD

AGND

CH1_IOUT

AVDD

40 P0

41 P1

42 P2

34 NC

33 AVDD

32 NC

31 AVDD

30 AVDD

29 AVDD

AVDD 16

AGND 17

DAC_RSET

AVDD

AVDD 20

AGND

REF_CLK 23

REF_CLK 24

CLK_MODE_SEL 25

AGND 26

AVDD 27

LOOP_FILTER 28

AGND

45 DVDD

46 I/O_UPDATE

47 CS

48 SCLK

49 DVDD_I/O

50 SDIO_0

51 SDIO_1

52 SDIO_2

53 SDIO_3

54 SYNC_CLK

44 DGND

43 P3

TOP VIEW

(No t t o Scal e)

AD9958

55 DVDD

56 DGND

NOTES

1. THE EXPOSED EPAD ON BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE IS AN

ELE CTRI CAL CO NNE CTI ON AND MUS T BE S OL DE RE D TO GRO UND.

2. PIN 49 IS DV DD_I/ O AND I S TI E D TO 3.3V.

3. NC = NO CONNECT.

05252-005

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 10 of 44

Pin No. Mnemonic I/O1 Description

24 CLK_MODE_SEL I Control Pin for the Oscillator Section. Caution: Do not drive this pin beyond 1.8 V.

When high (1.8 V), the oscillator section is enabled to accept a crystal as the

REF_CLK source. When low, the oscillator section is bypassed.

27 LOOP_FILTER I Connects to the external zero compensation network of the PLL loop filter.

Typically, the network consists of a 0 Ω resistor in series with a 680 pF capacitor

tied to AVDD.

28, 32, 34, 38 NC N/A No Connection.

40, 41, 42, 43 P0, P1, P2, P3 I Data pins used for modulation (FSK, PSK, ASK), to start/stop for the sweep

accumulators, or used to ramp up/ramp down the output amplitude. The data is

synchronous to the SYNC_CLK (Pin 54). The data inputs must meet the setup and

hold time requirements to the SYNC_CLK. The functionality of these pins is

controlled by profile pin configuration (PPC) bits (FR1[14:12]).

46 I/O_UPDATE I A rising edge transfers data from the serial I/O port buffer to active registers.

I/O_UPDATE is synchronous to the SYNC_CLK (Pin 54). I/O_UPDATE must meet the

setup and hold time requirements to the SYNC_CLK to guarantee a fixed pipeline

delay of data to the DAC output; otherwise, a ±1 SYNC_CLK period of pipeline

uncertainty exists. The minimum pulse width is one SYNC_CLK period.

47 CS I Active Low Chip Select. Allows multiple devices to share a common I/O bus (SPI).

48 SCLK I Serial Data Clock for I/O Operations. Data bits are written on the rising edge of

SCLK and read on the falling edge of SCLK.

49 DVDD_I/O I 3.3 V Digital Power Supply for SPI Port and Digital I/O.

SDIO_0

I/O

Data Pin SDIO_0 is dedicated to the serial port I/O only.

51, 52, 53 SDIO_1, SDIO_2,

SDIO_3

I/O Data Pin SDIO_1, Data Pin SDIO_2, and Data Pin SDIO_3 can be used for the serial

I/O port or used to initiate a ramp-up/ramp-down (RU/RD) of the DAC output

amplitude.

54 SYNC_CLK O The SYNC_CLK runs at one fourth the system clock rate. It can be disabled. I/O_UPDATE

or data (Pin 40 to Pin 43) is synchronous to the SYNC_CLK. To guarantee a fixed

pipeline delay of data to DAC output, I/O_UPDATE or data (Pin 40 to Pin 43) must

meet the setup and hold time requirements to the rising edge of SYNC_CLK;

otherwise, a ±1 SYNC_CLK period of uncertainty exists.

1 I = input, O = output.

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 11 of 44

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Figure 4. Wideband SFDR, fOUT = 1.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS

Figure 5. Wideband SFDR, fOUT = 40.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS

Figure 6. Wideband SFDR, fOUT = 100.3 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS

Figure 7. Wideband SFDR, fOUT = 15.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS

Figure 8. Wideband SFDR, fOUT = 75.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS

Figure 9. Wideband SFDR, fOUT = 200.3 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

START 0Hz STOP 250MHz25MHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–71.73dB

4.50901804MHz

RBW 20kHz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 20kHz

SWT 1.6s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-006

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

START 0Hz STOP 250Hz25MHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–62.84dB

40.08016032MHz

RBW 20kHz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 20kHz

SWT 1.6s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-007

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

START 0Hz STO P 250M Hz25MHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–59.04dB

100.70140281MHz

RBW 20kHz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 20kHz

SWT 1.6s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-008

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

START 0Hz STOP 250MHz

25MHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–69.47dB

30.06012024MHz

RBW 20kHz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 20kHz

SWT 1.6s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-009

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

START 0Hz STOP 250M Hz25MHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–60.13dB

75.15030060MHz

RBW 20kHz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 20kHz

SWT 1.6s UNIT dB

REF Lv]

0dBm

1AP

05252-010

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

START 0Hz ST OP 250M Hz25MHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–53.84dB

–101.20240481MHz

RBW 20kHz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 20kHz

SWT 1.6s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-011

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 12 of 44

Figure 10. NBSFDR, fOUT = 1.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS, ±1 MHz

Figure 11. NBSFDR, fOUT = 40.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS, ±1 MHz

Figure 12. NBSFDR, fOUT = 100.3 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS, ±1 MHz

Figure 13. NBSFDR, fOUT = 15.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS, ±1 MHz

Figure 14. NBSFDR, fOUT = 75.1 MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS, ±1 MHz

Figure 15. NBSFDR fOUT = 200. 3MHz, fCLK = 500 MSPS, , ±1 MHz

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

CENTE R 1.1MHz SPAN 1MHz

100kHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–84.73dB

254.50901604kHz

RBW 500Hz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 500Hz

SWT 20s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-012

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

CENTE R 40.1MHz SPAN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–84.10dB

120.24048096kHz

RBW 500Hz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 500Hz

SWT 20s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-013

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

CENTE R 100.3MHz SPAN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–82.63dB

400.80160321kHz

RBW 500Hz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 500Hz

SWT 20s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-014

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

CENTE R 15.1MHz SPAN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–84.86dB

–200.40080160kHz

RBW 500Hz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 500Hz

SWT 20s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-015

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

CENTE R 75.1MHz SPAN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–86.03dB

262.56513026kHz

RBW 500Hz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 500Hz

SWT 20s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-016

–100

(dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

–90

CENTE R 200.3MHz SPAN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

DELTA 1 (T1)

–83.72dB

–400.80160321kHz

RBW 500Hz RF ATT 20dB

VBW 500Hz

SWT 20s UNIT dB

REF LVL

0dBm

1AP

05252-017

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 13 of 44

Figure 16. Residual Phase Noise (SSB) with fOUT = 15.1 MHz, 40.1MHz,

75.1 MHz, 100.3 MHz; fCLK = 500 MHz with REFCLK Multiplier Bypassed

Figure 17. Residual Phase Noise (SSB) with fOUT = 15.1 MHz, 40.1MHz,

75.1 MHz, 100.3 MHz; fCLK = 500 MHz with REFCLK Multiplier = 5×

Figure 18. Residual Phase Noise (SSB) with fOUT = 15.1 MHz, 40.1MHz,

75.1 MHz,100.3 MHz; fCLK = 500 MHz with REFCLK Multiplier = 20×

Figure 19. Channel Isolation at 500 MSPS Operation; Conditions are Channel

of Interest Fixed at 110.3 MHz, the Other Channels Are Frequency Swept

Figure 20. Power Dissipation vs. Reference Clock Frequency vs. Channel(s)

Power On/Off

Figure 21. Averaged Channel SFDR vs. fOUT

–170

–160

–150

–140

–130

–120

–110

–100

10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M

FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz)

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

75.1MHz

100.3MHz

40.1MHz

15.1MHz

05252-018

–70

–17010 10M

FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz)

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

–150

–160

100 1k 10k 100k 1M

100.3MHz

75.1MHz

15.1MHz

40.1MHz

05252-019

–70

–17010 10M

FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz)

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

–140

–150

–160

100 1k 10k 100k 1M

100.3MHz

75.1MHz

15.1MHz

40.1MHz

05252-020

–60

–85 25.3 200.3

–65

–70

–75

–80

50.3 75.3 100.3 125.3 150.3 175.3

SEPARATED DAC P OW E R P LANES

SINGL E DAC P OW E R P LANE

FREQUENCY OF COUPLI NG SP UR ( M Hz )

CHANNEL ISOL ATI ON (dBc)

05252-021

600

0500

REFE RE NCE CLO CK FREQUENCY ( M Hz )

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION (mW)

500

400

300

200

100

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

2 CHANNELS ON

1 CHANNEL ON

05252-022

–45

–75 1.1

OUT (MHz)

SFDR (dBc)

–50

–55

–60

–65

–70

15.1 40.1 75.1 100.3 200.3

SFDR AV E RAGED

05252-023

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 14 of 44

APPLICATION CIRCUITS

Figure 22. Phase Array Radar Using Precision Frequency/Phase Control from DDS in FMCW or Pulsed Radar Applications;

DDS Provides Either Continuous Wave or Frequency Sweep

Figure 23. Single-Sideband-Suppressed Carrier Upconversion

Figure 24. DDS in PLL Locking to Reference Offering Distribution with Fine Frequency and Delay Adjust Tuning

CH0

CH1

AD9958

REFCLK

PULSE

FILTER

ANTENNA

RADIATING

ELEMENTS

FILTER

05252-024

AD9958

I BASEBAND

Q BASEBAND

RF OUTPUT

REFCLK

CH1

CH0

AD8349

D8348

AD8347

AD8346

ADL5390

PHASE

SPLITTER

05252-025

LOOP

FILTER

PHASE

COMPARATOR VCO

LPF

AD9958

REFCLK

REFERENCE

CHARGE

PUMP

AD9510, AD9511, ADF4106

05252-026

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 15 of 44

Figure 25. Synchronizing Multiple Devices to Increase Channel Capacity Using the AD9510 as a Clock Distributor for the Reference and SYNC_CLK

Figure 26. DDS Providing Stimulus for Acoustic Optical Tunable Filter

Figure 27. Agile Clock Source with Duty Cycle Control Using the Phase Offset Value in DDS to Change the DC Voltage to the Comparator

AD9958

(SLAVE 1)

AD9958

(MASTER)

CLOCK

SOURCE

AD9958

(SLAVE 2)

AD9958

(SLAVE 3)

REF_CLK

FPGA

DATA

SYNC_CLK

FPGA

DATA

SYNC_CLK

FPGA

DATA

SYNC_CLK

FPGA

DATA

SYNC_CLK

A_END

CENTRAL

CONTROL

AD9510

CLOCK DISTRIBUTOR

WITH

DELAY EQUALIZATION

SYNC_IN

SYNC_OUT

AD9510

SYNCHRONIZATION

DELAY EQUALIZATION

05252-027

ACOUSTIC OPTICAL

TUNABLE FILTER

OPTICAL FIBER CHANNEL

WITH MULTIPLE DISCRETE

WAVELENGTHS

OUTPUTS

INPUTS

SELECTABLE WAVELENGTH FROM EACH

CHANNEL VIA DDS TUNING AOTF

SPLITTER WDM

SOURCE

WDM SIGNAL

CH0

CH1

CH0 CH1

CH0

CH1

AD9958

REFCLK AMP

AMP

05252-028

CH0

AD9958

REFCLK CH1

ADCMP563

–

05252-029

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 16 of 44

Figure 28. Clock Generation Circuit Using the AD9512/AD9513/AD9514/AD9515 Series of Clock Distribution Chips

CH0

CH1

AD9958

REFCLK

AD9515

AD9514

AD9513

AD9512

LVPECL

LVDS

CMOS

LVPECL

LVDS

CMOS

IMAGE

PROGRAMM ABLE 1 TO 32

DIVIDER AND DE LAY ADJUS T CLO CK OUT P UT

SELECTION(S)

n = DEPENDE NT O N

PRODUCT SELECTION

AD9515

AD9514

AD9513

AD9512

05252-030

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 17 of 44

EQUIVALENT INPUT AND OUTPUT CIRCUITS

Figure 29. CMOS Digital Inputs

Figure 30. DAC Outputs

Figure 31. REF_CLK/REF_CLK Inputs

AVOID OVERDRIVING

DIGITAL INPUTS.

FORWARD BIASING

DIODES MAY COUPLE

DIGITAL NOISE ON

POWER PINS.

DVDD_I/O = 3.3V

INPUT OUTPUT

05252-102

TERMINATE OUTPUTS

INTO AVDD. DO NOT

EXCEED VOLTAGE

COMPLIANCE OF

OUTPUTS.

CHx_IOUT

05252-132

REF_CLK INPUTS ARE

INTERNALLY BIASED AND

NEED TO BE AC-COUPLED.

OSC INPUTS ARE DC-COUPLED.

AMP

REF_CLK REF_CLK

OSCOSC

AVDD

1.5kΩ

VDD

1.5kΩ

AVDD

Z Z

05252-133

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 18 of 44

THEORY OF OPERATION

DDS CORE

The AD9958 has two DDS cores, each consisting of a 32-bit

phase accumulator and phase-to-amplitude converter. Together,

these digital blocks generate a digital sine wave when the phase

accumulator is clocked and the phase increment value (frequency

tuning word) is greater than 0. The phase-to-amplitude converter

simultaneously translates phase information to amplitude

information by a cos(θ) operation.

The output frequency (fOUT) of each DDS channel is a function

of the rollover rate of each phase accumulator. The exact

relationship is given in the following equation:

))((

OUT

fFTW

where:

fS is the system clock rate.

FTW is the frequency tuning word and is 0 ≤ FTW ≤ 231.

232 represents the phase accumulator capacity.

Because both channels share a common system clock, they are

inherently synchronized.

The DDS core architecture also supports the capability to phase

offset the output signal, which is performed by the channel

phase offset word (CPOW). The CPOW is a 14-bit register that

stores a phase offset value. This value is added to the output of

the phase accumulator to offset the current phase of the output

signal. Each channel has its own phase offset word register. This

feature can be used for placing all channels in a known phase

relationship relative to one another. The exact value of phase

offset is given by the following equation:

°×













Φ360

214

POW

DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER

The AD9958 incorporates four 10-bit current output DACs.

The DAC converts a digital code (amplitude) into a discrete

analog quantity. The DAC current outputs can be modeled as a

current source with high output impedance (typically 100 kΩ).

Unlike many DACs, these current outputs require termination

into AVDD via a resistor or a center-tapped transformer for

expected current flow.

Each DAC has complementary outputs that provide a combined

full-scale output current (IOUT + IOUT). The outputs always sink

current, and their sum equals the full-scale current at any point

in time. The full-scale current is controlled by means of an

external resistor (RSET) and the scalable DAC current control

bits discussed in the Modes of Operation section. The resistor,

RSET, is connected between the DAC_RSET pin and analog

ground (AGND). The full-scale current is inversely proportional

to the resistor value as follows:

(max)

91.18

OUT

SET I

The maximum full-scale output current of the combined DAC

outputs is 15 mA, but limiting the output to 10 mA provides

optimal spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) performance.

The DAC output voltage compliance range is AVDD + 0.5 V to

AVDD − 0.5 V. Voltages developed beyond this range may cause

excessive harmonic distortion. Proper attention should be paid

to the load termination to keep the output voltage within its

compliance range. Exceeding this range could potentially dam-

age the DAC output circuitry.

Figure 32. Typical DAC Output Termination Configuration

DAC

LPF

CHx_IOUT

AVDD

1:1

50Ω

CHx_IOUT

05252-116

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 19 of 44

MODES OF OPERATION

There are many combinations of modes (for example, single-

tone, modulation, linear sweep) that the AD9958 can perform

simultaneously. However, some modes require multiple data

pins, which can impose limitations. The following guidelines

can help determine if a specific combination of modes can be

performed simultaneously by the AD9958.

CHANNEL CONSTRAINT GUIDELINES

• Single-tone mode, two-level modulation mode, and linear

sweep mode can be enabled on either channel and in any

combination simultaneously.

• Both channels can perform four-level modulation

simultaneously.

• Either channel can perform eight-level or 16-level

modulation. The other channel can only be in single-tone

mode.

• The RU/RD function can be used on both channels in

single-tone mode. See the Output Amplitude Control

Mode section for the RU/RD function.

• When Profile Pin P2 and Profile Pin P3 are used for

RU/RD, either channel can perform two-level modulation

with RU/RD or both channels can perform linear

frequency or phase sweep with RU/RD.

• When Profile Pin P3 is used for RU/RD, either channel can

be used in eight-level modulation with RU/RD. The other

channel can only be in single-tone mode.

• When SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3 pins are used for

RU/RD, either or both channels can perform two-level

modulation with RU/RD. If one channel is not in two-level

modulation, it can only be in single-tone mode.

• When the SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3 pins are used for

RU/RD, either or both channels can perform four-level

modulation with RU/RD. If one channel is not in four-level

modulation, it can only be in single-tone mode.

• When the SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3 pins are used for

RU/RD, either channel can perform eight-level modulation

with RU/RD. The other channel can only be in single-tone

mode.

• When the SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3 pins are used for

RU/RD, either channel can perform 16-level modulation with

RU/RD. The other channel can only be in single-tone mode.

• Amplitude modulation, linear amplitude sweep modes,

and the RU/RD function cannot operate simultaneously,

but frequency and phase modulation can operate

simultaneously with the RU/RD function.

POWER SUPPLIES

The AVDD and DVDD supply pins provide power to the DDS

core and supporting analog circuitry. These pins connect to a

1.8 V nominal power supply.

The DVDD_I/O pin connects to a 3.3 V nominal power supply.

All digital inputs are 3.3 V logic except for the CLK_MODE_SEL

input. CLK_MODE_SEL (Pin 24) is an analog input and should

be operated by 1.8 V logic.

SINGLE-TONE MODE

Single-tone mode is the default mode of operation after a master

reset signal. In this mode, both DDS channels share a common

address location for the frequency tuning word (Register 0x04)

and phase offset word (Register 0x05). Channel enable bits are

provided in combination with these shared addresses. As a

result, the frequency tuning word and/or phase offset word can

be independently programmed between channels (see the follow-

ing Step 1 through Step 5). The channel enable bits do not

require an I/O update to enable or disable a channel.

See the Register Maps and Bit Descriptions section for a

description of the channel enable bits in the channel select

enabled or disabled immediately after the CSR data byte is

written.

Address sharing enables channels to be written simultaneously,

if desired. The default state enables all channel enable bits.

Therefore, the frequency tuning word and/or phase offset word

is common to all channels but written only once through the

serial I/O port.

The following steps present a basic protocol to program a

different frequency tuning word and/or phase offset word for

each channel using the channel enable bits.

1. Power up the DUT and issue a master reset. A master

reset places the part in single-tone mode and single-

bit mode for serial programming operations (refer to the

Serial I/O Modes of Operation section). Frequency

tuning words and phase offset words default to 0 at

this point.

2. Enable only one channel enable bit (Register 0x00)

and disable the other channel enable bit.

3. Using the serial I/O port, program the desired

frequency tuning word (Register 0x04) and/or the

phase offset word (Register 0x05) for the enabled

channel.

4. Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 for each channel.

5. Send an I/O update signal. After an I/O update, all

channels should output their programmed frequency

and/or phase offset values.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 20 of 44

Single-Tone Mode—Matched Pipeline Delay

In single-tone mode, the AD9958 offers matched pipeline delay

to the DAC input for all frequency, phase, and amplitude changes.

This avoids having to deal with different pipeline delays between

the three input ports for such applications. The feature is enabled

by asserting the matched pipe delays active bit found in the

channel function register (CFR, Register 0x03). This feature

is available in single-tone mode only.

REFERENCE CLOCK MODES

The AD9958 supports multiple reference clock configurations

to generate the internal system clock. As an alternative to

clocking the part directly with a high frequency clock source,

the system clock can be generated using the internal, PLL-based

reference clock multiplier. An on-chip oscillator circuit is also

available for providing a low frequency reference signal by

connecting a crystal to the clock input pins. Enabling these

features allows the part to operate with a low frequency clock

source and still provide a high update rate for the DDS and

DAC. However, using the clock multiplier changes the output

phase noise characteristics. For best phase noise performance,

a clean, stable clock with a high slew is required (see Figure 17

and Figure 18).

Enabling the PLL allows multiplication of the reference clock

frequency from 4× to 20×, in integer steps. The PLL multiplica-

tion value is represented by a 5-bit multiplier value. These bits

are located in Function Register 1 (FR1, Register 0x01), Bits[22:18]

(see the Register Maps and Bit Descriptions section).

When FR1[22:18] is programmed with values ranging from

4 to 20 (decimal), the clock multiplier is enabled. The integer

value in the register represents the multiplication factor. The

system clock rate with the clock multiplier enabled is equal to

the reference clock rate multiplied by the multiplication factor.

If FR1[22:18] is programmed with a value less than 4 or greater

than 20, the clock multiplier is disabled and the multiplication

factor is effectively 1.

Whenever the PLL clock multiplier is enabled or the multiplica-

tion value is changed, time should be allowed to lock the PLL

(typically 1 ms).

Note that the output frequency of the PLL is restricted to a

frequency range of 100 MHz to 500 MHz. However, there is a

VCO gain control bit that must be used appropriately. The VCO

gain control bit defines two ranges (low/high) of frequency

output. The VCO gain control bit defaults to low (see Table 1

for details).

The charge pump current in the PLL defaults to 75 µA. This

setting typically produces the best phase noise characteristics.

Increasing the charge pump current may degrade phase noise,

but it decreases the lock time and changes the loop bandwidth.

Enabling the on-chip oscillator for crystal operation is performed

by driving CLK_MODE_SEL (Pin 24) to logic high (1.8 V

logic). With the on-chip oscillator enabled, connection of an

external crystal to the REF_CLK and REF_CLK inputs is made,

producing a low frequency reference clock. The frequency of

the crystal must be in the range of 20 MHz to 30 MHz.

Table 4 summarizes the clock modes of operation. See Table 1

for more details.

Reference Clock Input Circuitry

The reference clock input circuitry has two modes of operation

controlled by the logic state of Pin 24 (CLK_MODE_SEL). The

first mode (logic low) configures as an input buffer. In this

mode, the reference clock must be ac-coupled to the input due

to internal dc biasing. This mode supports either differential

or single-ended configurations. If single-ended mode is chosen,

the complementary reference clock input (Pin 22) should be

decoupled to AVDD or AGND via a 0.1 µF capacitor. Figure 33

to Figure 35 exemplify typical reference clock configurations for

the AD9958.

Figure 33. Differential Coupling from Single-Ended Source

The reference clock inputs can also support an LVPECL or

PECL driver as the reference clock source.

Figure 34. Differential Clock Source Hook-Up

The second mode of operation (Pin 24 = logic high = 1.8 V)

provides an internal oscillator for crystal operation. In this

mode, both clock inputs are dc-coupled via the crystal leads

and are bypassed. The range of crystal frequencies supported is

from 20 MHz to 30 MHz. Figure 35 shows the configuration

for using a crystal.

Table 4. Clock Configuration

CLK_MODE_SEL, Pin 24

FR1[22:18] PLL Divider Ratio = M

Crystal Oscillator Enabled

System Clock (f

SYSCLK

)

Min/Max Freq. Range (MHz)

High = 1.8 V Logic 4 ≤ M ≤ 20 Yes fSYSCLK = fOSC × M 100 < fSYSCLK < 500

High = 1.8 V Logic M < 4 or M > 20 Yes fSYSCLK = fOSC 20 < fSYSCLK < 30

Low 4 ≤ M ≤ 20 No fSYSCLK = fREFCLK × M 100 < fSYSCLK < 500

Low M < 4 or M > 20 No fSYSCLK = fREFCLK 0 < fSYSCLK < 500

1:1

BALUN REF_CLK

PIN 23

REFCLK

SOURCE REF_CLK

PIN 22

50Ω

0.1µF

05252-117

REF_CLK

PIN 23

REF_CLK

PIN 22

0.1µF

LVPECL/

PECL

DRIVER TERMINATION

05252-118

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 21 of 44

Figure 35. Crystal Input Configuration

SCALABLE DAC REFERENCE CURRENT CONTROL

MODE

RSET is common to all four DACs. As a result, the full-scale

currents are equal by default. The scalable DAC reference can

be used to set the full-scale current of each DAC independent

from one another. This is accomplished by using the register

bits CFR[9:8]. Table 5 shows how each DAC can be individually

scaled for independent channel control. This scaling provides

for binary attenuation.

Table 5. DAC Full-Scale Current Control

CFR[9:8] LSB Current State

11 Full scale

01 Half scale

10 Quarter scale

00 Eighth scale

POWER-DOWN FUNCTIONS

The AD9958 supports an externally controlled power-down

feature and the more common software programmable power-

down bits found in previous Analog Devices DDS products.

The software control power-down allows the input clock circui-

tr y, the DAC, and the digital logic (for each separate channel) to

be individually powered down via unique control bits (CFR[7:6]).

These bits are not active when the externally controlled power-

down pin (PWR_DWN_CTL) is high. When the input pin,

PWR_DWN_CTL, is high, the AD9958 enters a power-down

mode based on the FR1[6] bit. When the PWR_DWN_CTL

input pin is low, the external power-down control is inactive.

When FR1[6] = 0 and the PWR_DWN_CTL input pin is high,

the AD9958 is put into a fast recovery power-down mode. In

this mode, the digital logic and the DAC digital logic are powered

down. The DAC bias circuitry, PLL, oscillator, and clock input

circuitry are not powered down.

When FR1[6] = 1 and the PWR_DWN_CTL input pin is high,

the AD9958 is put into full power-down mode. In this mode, all

functions are powered down. This includes the DAC and PLL,

which take a significant amount of time to power up. When the

PLL is bypassed, the PLL is shut down to conserve power.

When the PWR_DWN_CTL input pin is high, the individual

power-down bits (CFR[7:6]) and (FR1[7]) are invalid (don’t

care) and unused. When the PWR_DWN_CTL input pin is low,

the individual power-down bits control the power-down modes

of operation.

Note that the power-down signals are all designed such that

Logic 1 indicates the low power mode and Logic 0 indicates the

powered-up mode.

MODULATION MODE

The AD9958 can perform 2-/4-/8-/16-level modulation of

frequency, phase, or amplitude. Modulation is achieved by

applying data to the profile pins. Each channel can be program-

med separately, but the ability to modulate multiple channels

simultaneously is constrained by the limited number of profile

pins. For instance, 16-level modulation uses all four profile pins,

which inhibits modulation for the remaining channel.

In addition, the AD9958 has the ability to ramp up or ramp

down the output amplitude before, during, or after a modulation

(FSK, PSK only) sequence. This is performed by using the 10-bit

output scalar. If the RU/RD feature is desired, unused profile

pins or unused SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3 pins can be confi-

gured to initiate the operation. See the Output Amplitude

Control Mode section for more details of the RU/RD feature.

In modulation mode, each channel has its own set of control

bits to determine the type (frequency, phase, or amplitude)

of modulation. Each channel has 16 profile (channel word)

registers for flexibility. Register 0x0A through Register 0x18

are profile registers for modulation of frequency, phase, or

amplitude. Register 0x04, Register 0x05, and Register 0x06

are dedicated registers for frequency, phase, and amplitude,

respectively. These registers contain the first frequency, phase

offset, and amplitude word.

Frequency modulation has 32-bit resolution, phase modulation is

14 bits, and amplitude is 10 bits. When modulating phase or

amplitude, the word value must be MSB aligned in the profile

(channel word) registers and the unused bits are don’t care bits.

REF_CLK

PIN 23

25MHz

XTAL REF_CLK

PIN 22

39pF

05252-119

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 22 of 44

In modulation mode, the amplitude frequency phase (AFP)

select bits (CFR[23:22]) and modulation level bits (FR1[9:8])

are programmed to configure the modulation type and level

(see Table 6 and Table 7). Note that the linear sweep enable bit

must be set to Logic 0 in direct modulation mode.

Table 6. Modulation Type Configuration

AFP Select

(CFR[23:22])

Linear Sweep Enable

(CFR[14]) Description

00 X Modulation disabled

01 0 Amplitude modulation

10 0 Frequency modulation

11 0 Phase modulation

Table 7. Modulation Level Selection

Modulation Level (FR1[9:8])

Description

00 Two-level modulation

01 Four-level modulation

10 Eight-level modulation

11 16-level modulation

When modulating, the RU/RD function can be limited based

on pins available for controlling the feature. The SDIO_x pins

are for RU/RD only, not for modulation.

Table 8. RU/RD Profile Pin Assignments

Ramp-Up/Ramp-Down

(RU/RD) (FR1[11:10]) Description

00 RU/RD disabled

01 Only Profile Pin P2 and Profile Pin P3

available for RU/RD operation

10 Only Profile Pin P3 available for RU/RD

operation

11 Only SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3

pins available for RU/RD operation;

this forces the serial I/O to be used

only in 1-bit mode

If the profile pins are used for RU/RD, Logic 0 is for ramp-up

and Logic 1 is for ramp-down.

Because of the two channels and limited data pins, it is

necessary to assign the profile pins and/or SDIO_1, SDIO_2,

and SDIO_3 pins to a dedicated channel. This is controlled by

the profile pin configuration (PPC) bits (FR1[14:12]). Each of the

following modulation descriptions incorporates data pin

assignments.

Two-Level Modulation—No RU/RD

The modulation level bits (FR1[9:8]) are set to 00 (two-level).

The AFP select bits (CFR[23:22]) are set to the desired modulation

type. The RU/RD bits (FR1[11:10]) and the linear sweep enable

bit (CFR[14]) are disabled. Table 9 displays how the profile pins

and channels are assigned.

As shown in Table 9, only Profile Pin P2 can be used to modulate

Channel 0. If frequency modulation is selected and Profile Pin P2

is Logic 0, Channel Frequency Tuning Word 0 (Register 0x04) is

chosen; if Profile Pin P2 is Logic 1, Channel Word 1 (Register

0x0A) is chosen.

Four-Level Modulation—No RU/RD

The modulation level bits are set to 01 (four-level). The AFP

select bits (CFR[23:22]) are set to the desired modulation type.

The RU/RD bits (FR1[11:10]) and the linear sweep enable bit

(CFR[14]) are disabled. Table 10 displays how the profile pins

and channels are assigned to each other.

For the conditions in Table 10, the profile (channel word)

Pins [P0:P1] or Profile Pins [P2:P3].

For example, if PPC = 101, [P0:P1] = 11, and [P2:P3] = 01, then

the contents of the Channel Word 3 register of Channel 0 are

presented to the output of Channel 0 and the contents of the

Channel Word 1 register of Channel 1 are presented to the

output of Channel 1.

Table 9. Profile Pin Channel Assignments

Profile Pin Configuration (PPC) (FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 Description

XXX N/A N/A CH0 CH1 Two-level modulation, both channels, no RU/RD

Table 10. Profile Pin and Channel Assignments

Profile Pin Configuration (PPC) (FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 Description

101 CH0 CH0 CH1 CH1 Four-level modulation on CH0 and CH1, no RU/RD

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 23 of 44

Eight-Level Modulation—No RU/RD

The modulation level bits (FR1[9:8]) are set to 10 (eight-level).

The AFP select bits (CFR[23:22]) are set to a nonzero value.

The RU/RD bits (FR1[11:10]) and the linear sweep enable bit

(CFR[14]) are disabled. Note that the AFP select bits of the

other channel not being used must be set to 00. Table 11 shows

the assignment of profile pins and channels.

For the condition in Table 11, the choice of channel word registers

is based on the 3-bit value presented to Profile Pins [P0:P2]. For

example, if PPC = X10 and [P0:P2] = 111, the contents of the

Channel Word 7 register of Channel 0 are presented to the output

Channel 0.

16-Level Modulation—No RU/RD

The modulation level bits (FR1[9:8]) are set to 11 (16-level).

The AFP select bits (CFR[23:22]) are set to the desired modulation

type. The RU/RD bits (FR1[11:10]) and the linear sweep enable

bit (CFR[14]) are disabled. The AFP select bits of the other channel

not being used must be set to 00. Table 12 displays how the profile

pins and channels are assigned.

For the conditions in Table 12, the profile register chosen is

based on the 4-bit value presented to Profile Pins [P0:P3]. For

example, if PPC = X11 and [P0:P3] = 1110, the contents of the

Channel Word 14 register of Channel 1 is presented to the

output of Channel 1.

Two-Level Modulation Using Profile Pins for RU/RD

When the RU/RD bits = 01, Profile Pin P2 and Profile Pin P3

are available for RU/RD. Note that only a modulation level of

two is available in this mode. See Table 13 for available pin

assignments.

Eight-Level Modulation Using a Profile Pin for RU/RD

When the RU/RD bits = 10, Profile Pin P3 is available for

RU/RD. Note that only a modulation level of eight is available

in this mode. See Table 14 for available pin assignments.

Table 11. Profile Pin and Channel Assignments for Eight-Level Modulation (No RU/RD)

Profile Pin Config. (PPC)

(FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 Description

X10 CH0 CH0 CH0 X Eight-level modulation on CH0, no RU/RD

X11 CH1 CH1 CH1 X Eight-level modulation on CH1, no RU/RD

Table 12. Profile Pin and Channel Assignments for 16-Level Modulation (No RU/RD)

Profile Pin Config. (PPC)

(FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 Description

X10 CH0 CH0 CH0 CH0 16-level modulation on CH0, no RU/RD

X11 CH1 CH1 CH1 CH1 16-level modulation on CH1, no RU/RD

Table 13. Profile Pin and Channel Assignments for Two-Level Modulation (RU/RD Enabled)

Profile Pin Config. (PPC)

(FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 Description

101 CH0 CH1 CH0 RU/RD CH1 RU/RD Two-level modulation on CH0 and CH1 with RU/RD

Table 14. Profile Pin and Channel Assignments for Eight-Level Modulation (RU/RD Enabled)

Profile Pin Config. (PPC)

(FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 Description

X10 CH0 CH0 CH0 CH0 RU/RD Eight-level modulation on CH0 with RU/RD

X11 CH1 CH1 CH1 CH1 RU/RD Eight-level modulation on CH1 with RU/RD

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 24 of 44

MODULATION USING SDIO_x PINS FOR RU/RD

For RU/RD bits = 11, the SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3 pins

are available for RU/RD. In this mode, modulation levels of 2, 4,

and 16 are available. Note that the serial I/O port can be used only

in 1-bit serial mode.

Two-Level Modulation Using SDIO Pins for RU/RD

Table 15. Profile Pin and Channel Assignments in Two-Level

Modulation (RU/RD Enabled)

Profile Pin Config. (PPC)

(FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3

XXX N/A N/A CH0 CH1

For the configuration in Table 15, each profile pin is dedicated

to a specific channel. In this case, the SDIO_x pins can be used

for the RU/RD function, as described in Table 16.

Four-Level Modulation Using SDIO Pins for RU/RD

For RU/RD bits = 11 (the SDIO_1 and SDIO_2 pins are avail-

able for RU/RD), the modulation level is set to 4. See Table 17

for pin assignments, including SDIO_x pin assignments.

For the configuration shown in Table 17, the profile (channel

word) register is chosen based on the 2-bit value presented to

Profile Pins [P1:P2] or [P3:P4].

For example, if PPC = 101, [P0:P1] = 11, and [P2:P3] = 01, the

contents of the Channel Word 3 register of Channel 0 are

presented to the output of Channel 0 and the contents of the

Channel Word 1 register of Channel 1 are presented to the

output of Channel 1. SDIO_1 and SDIO_2 provide the RU/RD

function.

16-Level Modulation Using SDIO Pins for RU/RD

The RU/RD bits = 11 (SDIO_1 available for RU/RD), and the

level is set to 16. See the pin assignments shown in Table 18.

For the configuration shown in Table 18, the profile (channel

word) register is chosen based on the 4-bit value presented to

Profile Pins [P0:P3]. For example, if PPC = X10 and [P0:P3] =

1101, then the contents of the Channel Word 13 register of

Channel 0 is presented to the output of Channel 0. The SDIO_1

pin provides the RU/RD function.

Table 16. Channel and SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3 Pin Assignments for RU/RD Operation

SDIO_1 SDIO_2 SDIO_3 Description

1 0 0 Triggers the ramp-up function for CH0

1 0 1 Triggers the ramp-down function for CH0

Triggers the ramp-up function for CH1

1 1 1 Triggers the ramp-down function for CH1

Table 17. Channel and Profile Pin Assignments, Including SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3 Pin Assignments for RU/RD Operation

Profile Pin Configuration (PPC) (FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 SDIO_1 SDIO_2 SDIO_3

101 CH0 CH0 CH1 CH1 CH0 RU/RD CH1 RU/RD N/A

Table 18. Channel and Profile Pin Assignments, Including SDIO_1 Pin Assignments for RU/RD Operation

Profile Pin Configuration (PPC) (FR1[14:12]) P0 P1 P2 P3 SDIO_1 SDIO_2 SDIO_3

X10 CH0 CH0 CH0 CH0 CH0 RU/RD N/A N/A

X11 CH1 CH1 CH1 CH1 CH1 RU/RD N/A N/A

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 25 of 44

LINEAR SWEEP MODE

Linear sweep mode enables the user to sweep frequency, phase,

or amplitude from a starting point (S0) to an endpoint (E0).

The purpose of linear sweep mode is to provide better band-

width containment compared to direct modulation by replacing

greater instantaneous changes with more gradual, user-defined

changes between S0 and E0.

In linear sweep mode, S0 is loaded into the Channel Word 0

and E0 is always loaded into Channel Word 1 (Register 0x0A).

If E0 is configured for frequency sweep, the resolution is 32 bits,

phase sweep is 14 bits, and amplitude sweep is 10 bits. When

sweeping phase or amplitude, the word value must be MSB aligned

in the Channel Word 1 register. The unused bits are don’t care

bits. The profile pins are used to trigger and control the direction

of the linear sweep for frequency, phase, and amplitude. All

channels can be programmed separately for a linear sweep. In

linear sweep mode, Profile Pin P2 is dedicated to Channel 0.

Profile Pin P3 is dedicated to Channel 1.

The AD9958 has the ability to ramp up or ramp down (RU/RD)

the output amplitude (using the 10-bit output scalar) before and

after a linear sweep. If the RU/RD feature is desired, unused

profile pins or unused SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3 pins can be

configured for the RU/RD operation.

To enable linear sweep mode for a particular channel, the AFP

select bits (CFR[23:22]), the modulation level bits (FR1[9:8]),

and the linear sweep enable bit (CFR[14]) are programmed.

The AFP select bits determine the type of linear sweep to be

performed. The modulation level bits must be set to 00 (two-

level) for that specific channel (see Table 19 and Table 20)

Table 19. Linear Sweep Parameter to Sweep

AFP Select

(CFR[23:22])

Linear Sweep Enable

(CFR[14]) Description

00 1 N/A

01 1 Amplitude sweep

10 1 Frequency sweep

11 1 Phase sweep

Table 20. Modulation Level Assignments

Modulation Level (FR1[9:8]) Description

00 (Required in Linear Sweep) Two-level modulation

01 Four-level modulation

10 Eight-level modulation

11 16-level modulation

Setting the Slope of the Linear Sweep

The slope of the linear sweep is set by the intermediate step size

(delta-tuning word) between S0 and E0 and the time spent

(sweep ramp rate word) at each step. The resolution of the

delta-tuning word is 32 bits for frequency, 14 bits for phase, and

10 bits for amplitude. The resolution for the delta ramp rate

word is eight bits.

In linear sweep, each channel is assigned a rising delta word

(RDW, Register 0x08) and a rising sweep ramp rate word

(RSRR, Register 0x07). These settings apply when sweeping up

toward E0. The falling delta word (FDW, Register 0x09) and

falling sweep ramp rate (FSRR, Register 0x07) apply when

sweeping down toward S0. Figure 36 displays a linear sweep up

and then down using a profile pin. Note that the linear sweep

no-dwell bit is disabled; otherwise, the sweep accumulator

returns to 0 upon reaching E0.

Figure 36. Linear Sweep Parameters

For a piecemeal or a nonlinear transition between S0 and E0,

the delta-tuning words and ramp rate words can be repro-

grammed during the transition to produce the desired response.

The formulas for calculating the step size of RDW or FDW for

delta frequency, delta phase, or delta amplitude are as follows:

SYSCLK

RDW

f













 32

2(Hz)















360

214

RDW

ΔΦ

1024

210 













 RDW

a (DAC full-scale current)

The formula for calculating delta time from RSRR or FSRR is





CLKSYNCRSRRt _/1





At 500 MSPS operation (SYNC_CLK = 125 MHz), the maxi-

mum time interval between steps is 1/125 MHz × 256 = 2.048 μs.

The minimum time interval is (1/125 MHz) × 1 = 8.0 ns.

The sweep ramp rate block (timer) consists of a loadable 8-bit

down counter that continuously counts down from the loaded

value to 1. When the ramp rate timer equals 1, the proper ramp rate

value is loaded and the counter begins counting down to 1 again.

(FREQUENCY/PHASE/AMPLITUDE)

LINEAR SWEEP

RDW

RSRR FSRR

∆f,p,a

FDW

TIME

PROFILE PIN

∆f,p,a

∆t∆t

05252-120

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 26 of 44

This load and countdown operation continues for as long as the

timer is enabled. However, the count can be reloaded before

reaching 1 by either of the following two methods:

 Method 1 is to change the profile pin. When the profile pin

changes from Logic 0 to Logic 1, the rising sweep ramp rate

(RSRR) register value is loaded into the ramp rate timer,

which then proceeds to count down as normal. When the

profile pin changes from Logic 1 to Logic 0, the falling sweep

ramp rate (FSRR) register value is loaded into the ramp

rate timer, which then proceeds to count down as normal.

 Method 2 is to set the CFR[13] bit and issue an I/O update.

If linear sweep is enabled and CFR[13] is set, the ramp rate

timer loads the value determined by the profile pin. If the

profile pin is high, the ramp rate timer loads the RSRR; if the

profile pin is low, the ramp rate timer loads FSRR.

Frequency Linear Sweep Example: AFP Bits = 10

In the following example, the modulation level bits (FR1[9:8]) = 00,

the linear sweep enable bit (CFR[14]) = 1, and the linear sweep

no-dwell bit (CFR[15]) = 0.

In linear sweep mode, when the profile pin transitions from low

to high, the RDW is applied to the input of the sweep accumulator

and the RSRR register is loaded into the sweep rate timer.

The RDW accumulates at the rate given by the rising sweep

ramp rate (RSRR) bits until the output is equal to the CW1

held constant in frequency.

When the profile pin transitions from high to low, the FDW is

applied to the input of the sweep accumulator and the FSRR bits

are loaded into the sweep rate timer.

The FDW accumulates at the rate given by the falling sweep ramp

rate (FSRR) until the output is equal to the CFTW0 register

(Register 0x04) value. The sweep is then complete, and the output

is held constant in frequency.

See Figure 37 for the linear sweep block diagram. Figure 39

depicts a frequency sweep with no-dwell mode disabled. In this

mode, the output follows the state of the profile pin. A phase or

amplitude sweep works in the same manner.

LINEAR SWEEP NO-DWELL MODE

If the linear sweep no-dwell bit is set (CFR[15]), the rising sweep is

started in an identical manner to the dwell linear sweep mode;

that is, upon detecting Logic 1 on the profile input pin, the rising

sweep action is initiated. The word continues to sweep up at the

rate set by the rising sweep ramp rate at the resolution set by the

rising delta word until it reaches the terminal value. Upon reaching

the terminal value, the output immediately reverts to the starting

point and remains until Logic 1 is detected on the profile pin.

Figure 38 shows an example of the no-dwell mode. The points

labeled A indicate where a rising edge is detected on the profile

pin, and the points labeled B indicate where the AD9958 has

determined that the output has reached E0 and reverts to S0.

The falling sweep ramp rate bits (LSRR[15:8]) and the falling

delta word bits (FDW[31:0]) are unused in this mode.

Figure 37. Linear Sweep Block Diagram (Frequency Sweep)

RATE TIME

LOAD CONTROL

LOGIC

LIMIT LOGIC TO

KEEP SWEEP BETWEEN

S0 AND E0

RAMP RATE TIMER:

8-BIT LOADABLE DOWN COUNTER

ACCUMULATOR RESET

LOGIC

MUX

PROFILE PIN

MUX

FDW

RDW

FSRR RSRR

32 32 32 32

PROFILE PIN

Z–1

CW1

SWEEP

CCUMUL

TOR SWEEP ADDE

CFTW0

05252-121

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 27 of 44

Figure 38. Channel 0 in Linear Sweep Mode (No-Dwell Enabled)

Figure 39. Channel 0 in Linear Sweep Mode (No-Dwell Disabled)

SWEEP AND PHASE ACCUMULATOR CLEARING

FUNCTIONS

The AD9958 allows two different clearing functions. The first

is a continuous zeroing of the sweep logic and phase accumula-

tor (clear and hold). The second is a clear and release or automatic

zeroing function. CFR[4] is the autoclear sweep accumulator bit

and CFR[2] is the autoclear phase accumulator bit. The continuous

clear bits are located in CFR, where CFR[3] clears the sweep

accumulator and CFR[1] clears the phase accumulator.

Continuous Clear Bits

The continuous clear bits are static control signals that, when

active high, hold the respective accumulator at 0 while the bit is

active. When the bit goes low, the respective accumulator is

allowed to operate.

Clear and Release Bits

The autoclear sweep accumulator bit, when set, clears and

releases the sweep accumulator upon an I/O update or a change

in the profile input pins. The autoclear phase accumulator bit,

when set, clears and releases the phase accumulator upon an

I/O update or a change in the profile pins. The automatic

clearing function is repeated for every subsequent I/O update or

change in profile pins until the clear and release bits are reset

via the serial port.

FTW0

SINGLE-TONE

MODE

LINEAR SWEEP MODE ENABLE—NO-DWELL BIT SET

FTW1

AA A

BBB

OUT

TIME

P2 = 1 P2 = 0P2 = 0 P2 = 1 P2 = 1P2 = 0

05252-147

FTW0

SINGLE-TONE

MODE

LINEAR SWEEP MODE

AT POINT A: LOAD RISING RAMP RATE REGISTER, APPLY RDW<31:0>

AT POINT B: LOAD FALLING RAMP RATE REGISTER, APPLY FDW<31:0>

P2 = 1P2 = 0 P2 = 0

TIME

FTW1

fOUT

05252-148

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 28 of 44

OUTPUT AMPLITUDE CONTROL MODE

The 10-bit scale factor (multiplier) controls the ramp-up and

ramp-down (RU/RD) time of an on/off emission from the DAC.

In burst transmissions of digital data, it reduces the adverse

spectral impact of abrupt bursts of data. The multiplier can

be bypassed by clearing the amplitude multiplier enable bit

(ACR[12] = 0).

Automatic and manual RU/RD modes are supported. The auto-

matic mode generates a zero-scale up to a full-scale (10 bits)

linear ramp at a rate determined by ACR (Register 0x06). The

start and direction of the ramp can be controlled by either the

profile pins or the SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3 pins.

Manual mode allows the user to directly control the output

amplitude by manually writing to the amplitude scale factor

value in the ACR (Register 0x06). Manual mode is enabled by

setting ACR[12] = 1 and ACR[11] = 0.

Automatic RU/RD Mode Operation

Automatic RU/RD mode is active when both ACR[12] and

ACR[11] are set. When automatic RU/RD is enabled, the scale

factor is internally generated and applied to the multiplier input

port for scaling the output. The scale factor is the output of a 10-bit

counter that increments/decrements at a rate set by the 8-bit

output ramp rate register. The scale factor increments if the

external pin is high and decrements if the pin is low. The inter-

nally generated scale factor step size is controlled by ACR[15:14].

Table 21 describes the increment/decrement step size of the

internally generated scale factor per ACR[15:14].

Table 21. Increment/Decrement Step Size Assignments

Increment/Decrement Step Size

(ACR [15:14]) Size

01 2

10 4

11 8

A special feature of this mode is that the maximum output

amplitude allowed is limited by the contents of the amplitude

scale factor (ACR[9:0]). This allows the user to ramp to a value

less than full scale.

Ramp Rate Timer

The ramp rate timer is a loadable down counter that generates

the clock signal to the 10-bit counter that generates the internal

scale factor. The ramp rate timer is loaded with the value of

ACR[23:16] each time the counter reaches 1 (decimal). This load

and countdown operation continues for as long as the timer is

enabled unless the timer is forced to load before reaching a

count of 1.

If the load ARR at I/O_UPDATE bit (ACR[10]) is set, the ramp

rate timer is loaded at an I/O update, a change in profile input,

or upon reaching a value of 1. The ramp timer can be loaded

before reaching a count of 1 by three methods.

• In the first method, the profile pins or the SDIO_1/

SDIO_2/SDIO_3 pins are changed. When the control

signal changes state, the ACR value is loaded into the ramp

rate timer, which then proceeds to count down as normal.

• In the second method, the load ARR at I/O_UPDATE bit

(ACR[10]) is set, and an I/O update is issued.

• The third method is to change from inactive automatic

RU/RD mode to active automatic RU/RD mode.

RU/RD Pin-to-Channel Assignment

When all four channels are in single-tone mode, the profile pins

are used for RU/RD operation.

When linear sweep and RU/RD are activated, the SDIO_1/

SDIO_2/SDIO_3 pins are used for RU/RD operation.

In modulation mode, refer to the Modulation Mode section for

pin assignments.

Table 22. Profile Pin Assignments for RU/RD Operation

Profile Pin RU/RD Operation

P2 CH0

P3 CH1

Table 23. Channel Assignments of SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3 Pins for RU/RD Operation

Linear Sweep and RU/RD Modes Enabled

Simultaneously SDIO_1 SDIO_2 SDIO_3 Ramp-Up/Ramp-Down Control Signal Assignment

Enable for CH0 1 0 0 Ramp-up function for CH0

Enable for CH0 1 0 1 Ramp-down function for CH0

Enable for CH1 1 1 0 Ramp-up function for CH1

Enable for CH1 1 1 1 Ramp-down function for CH1

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 29 of 44

SYNCHRONIZING MULTIPLE AD9958 DEVICES

The AD9958 allows easy synchronization of multiple AD9958

devices. At power-up, the phase of SYNC_CLK can be offset

between multiple devices. To correct for the offset and align the

SYNC_CLK edges, there are three methods (one automatic mode

and two manual modes) of synchronizing the SYNC_CLK edges.

These modes force the internal state machines of multiple

devices to a known state, which aligns the SYNC_CLK edges.

In addition, the user must send a coincident I/O_UPDATE to

multiple devices to maintain synchronization. Any mismatch in

REF_CLK phase between devices results in a corresponding

phase mismatch on the SYNC_CLK edges.

AUTOMATIC MODE SYNCHRONIZATION

In automatic mode, multiple part synchronization is achieved

by connecting the SYNC_OUT pin on the master device to the

SYNC_IN pins of the slave devices. Devices are configured as

master or slave through programming bits, accessible via the

serial port.

A configuration for synchronizing multiple AD9958 devices in

automatic mode is shown in the Application Circuits section. In

this configuration, the AD9510 provides coincident REF_CLK

and SYNC_OUT signals to all devices.

Operation

The first step is to program the master and slave devices for

their respective roles and then write the auto sync enable bit

(FR2[7] = 1. Enabling the master device is performed by writing

its multidevice sync master enable bit in Function Register 2

(FR2[6]) = 1. This causes the SYNC_OUT of the master device

to output a pulse that has a pulse width equal to one system

clock period and a frequency equal to one-fourth of the system

clock frequency. Enabling devices as slaves is performed by

writing FR2[6] = 0.

In automatic synchronizing mode, the slave devices sample

SYNC_OUT pulses from the master device on the SYNC_IN

of the slave devices, and a comparison of all state machines is

made by the autosynchronization circuitry. If the slave devices

state machines are not identical to the master, the slave devices

state machines are stalled for one system clock cycle. This proce-

dure synchronizes the slave devices within three SYNC_CLK

periods.

Delay Time Between SYNC_OUT and SYNC_IN

When the delay between SYNC_OUT and SYNC_IN exceeds

one system clock period, the system clock offset bits (FR2[1:0])

are used to compensate. The default state of these bits is 00, which

implies that the SYNC_OUT of the master and the SYNC_IN of

the slave have a propagation delay of less than one system clock

period. If the propagation time is greater than one system clock

period, the time should be measured and the appropriate offset

programmed. Table 24 describes the delays required per system

clock offset value.

Table 24. System Clock Offset (Delay) Assignments

System Clock

Offset (FR2[1:0])

SYNC_OUT/SYNC_IN

Propagation Delay

00 0 ≤ delay ≤ 1

01 1 ≤ delay ≤ 2

10 2 ≤ delay ≤ 3

11 3 ≤ delay ≤ 4

Automatic Synchronization Status Bits

If a slave device falls out of sync, the sync status bit is set high.

The multidevice sync status bit (FR2[5]) can be read through

the serial port. It is automatically cleared when read.

The synchronization routine continues to operate regardless of

the state of FR2[5]. FR2[5] can be masked by writing Logic 1 to

the multidevice sync mask bit (FR2[4]). If FR2[5] is masked, it is

held low.

MANUAL SOFTWARE MODE SYNCHRONIZATION

Manual software mode is enabled by setting the manual software

sync bit (FR1[0]) to Logic 1 in a device. In this mode, the I/O

update that writes the manual software sync bit to Logic 0 stalls

the state machine of the clock generator for one system clock

cycle. Stalling the clock generation state machine by one cycle

changes the phase relationship of SYNC_CLK between devices

by one system clock period (90°).

Note that the user may have to repeat this process until the

devices have their SYNC_CLK signals in phase. The SYNC_IN

input can be left floating because it has an internal pull-up. The

SYNC_OUT pin is not used.

The synchronization is complete when the master and slave

devices have their SYNC_CLK signals in phase.

MANUAL HARDWARE MODE SYNCHRONIZATION

Manual hardware mode is enabled by setting the manual hardware

sync bit (FR1[1]) to Logic 1 in a device. In manual hardware

synchronization mode, the SYNC_CLK stalls by one system

clock cycle each time a rising edge is detected on the SYNC_IN

input. Stalling the SYNC_CLK state machine by one cycle changes

the phase relationship of SYNC_CLK between devices by one

system clock period (90°).

Note that the user may have to repeat the process until the devices

have their SYNC_CLK signals in phase. The SYNC_IN input

can be left floating because it has an internal pull-up. The

SYNC_OUT is not used.

The synchronization is complete when the master and slave

devices have their SYNC_CLK signals in phase.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 30 of 44

I/O_UPDATE, SYNC_CLK, AND SYSTEM CLOCK

RELATIONSHIPS

I/O_UPDATE and SYNC_CLK are used together to transfer

data from the serial I/O buffer to the active registers in the

device. Data in the buffer is inactive.

SYNC_CLK is a rising edge active signal. It is derived from

the system clock and a divide-by-4 frequency divider. The

SYNC_CLK, which is externally provided, can be used to

synchronize external hardware to the AD9958 internal clocks.

I/O_UPDATE initiates the start of a buffer transfer. It can be

sent synchronously or asynchronously relative to the SYNC_CLK.

If the setup time between these signals is met, then constant

latency (pipeline) to the DAC output exists. For example, if

repetitive changes to phase offset via the SPI port is desired, the

latency of those changes to the DAC output is constant; otherwise,

a time uncertainty of one SYNC_CLK period is present.

The I/O_UPDATE is essentially oversampled by the SYNC_CLK.

Therefore, I/O_UPDATE must have a minimum pulse width

greater than one SYNC_CLK period.

The timing diagram shown in Figure 40 depicts when data in

the buffer is transferred to the active registers.

Figure 40. I/O_UPDATE Transferring Data from I/O Buffer to Active Registers

SYNC_CLK

SYSCLK

NN + 1

N – 1

DATA IN

REGISTERS

DATA IN

I/O BUFFERS NN + 1 N + 2

I/O_UPDATE

HE DEVICE REGISTERS AN I/O UPDATE AT POINT A. THE DATA IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE ASYNCHRONOUSLY LOADED I/O BUFFERS AT POINT B.

05252-149

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 31 of 44

SERIAL I/O PORT

OVERVIEW

The AD9958 serial I/O port offers multiple configurations to

provide significant flexibility. The serial I/O port offers an SPI-

compatible mode of operation that is virtually identical to the

SPI operation found in earlier Analog Devices DDS products.

The flexibility is provided by four data pins (SDIO_0, SDIO_1,

SDIO_2, SDIO_3) that allow four programmable modes of

serial I/O operation.

Three of the four data pins (SDIO_1, SDIO_2, SDIO_3) can be

used for functions other than serial I/O port operation. These pins

can also be used to initiate a ramp-up or ramp-down (RU/RD)

of the 10-bit amplitude output scalar. In addition, SDIO_3 can

be used to provide the SYNC_I/O function that resynchronizes

the serial I/O port controller if it is out of proper sequence.

The maximum speed of the serial I/O port SCLK is 200 MHz,

but the four data pins (SDIO_0, SDIO_1, SDIO_2, SDIO_3)

can be used to further increase data throughput. The maximum

data throughput using all the SDIO pins (SDIO_0, SDIO_1,

SDIO_2, SDIO_3) is 800 Mbps.

Note that both channels share Register 0x03 to Register 0x18,

which are shown in the Register Maps and Bit Descriptions

section. This address sharing enables both DDS channels to be

written to simultaneously. For example, if a common frequency

tuning word is desired for both channels, it can be written once

through the serial I/O port to both channels. This is the default

mode of operation (all channels enabled). To enable each channel

to be independent, the two channel enable bits found in the

channel select register (CSR, Register 0x00) must be used.

There are effectively four sets or copies of addresses (Register 0x03

to Register 0x18) that the channel enable bits can access to provide

channel independence. See the Descriptions for Control Registers

section for further details of programming channels that are

common to or independent from each other. To properly read

back Register 0x03 to Register 0x18, the user must enable only

one channel enable bit at a time.

Serial operation of the AD9958 occurs at the register level,

not the byte level; that is, the controller expects that all bytes

contained in the register address are accessed. The SYNC_I/O

function can be used to abort an I/O operation, thereby allowing

fewer than all bytes to be accessed. This feature can be used to

program only a part of the addressed register. Note that only

completed bytes are affected.

There are two phases to a serial communications cycle. Phase 1

is the instruction cycle, which writes the instruction byte into

the AD9958. Each bit of the instruction byte is registered on

each corresponding rising edge of SCLK. The instruction byte

defines whether the upcoming data transfer is a write or read

operation. The instruction byte contains the serial address of

the address register.

Phase 2 of the I/O cycle consists of the actual data transfer

(write/read) between the serial port controller and the serial

port buffer. The number of bytes transferred during this phase

of the communication cycle is a function of the register being

accessed. The actual number of additional SCLK rising edges

required for the data transfer and instruction byte depends on

the number of bytes in the register and the serial I/O mode of

operation.

For example, when accessing Function Register 1 (FR1), which

is three bytes wide, Phase 2 of the I/O cycle requires that three

bytes be transferred. After transferring all data bytes per the

instruction byte, the communication cycle is completed for that

At the completion of a communication cycle, the AD9958 serial

port controller expects the next set of rising SCLK edges to be

the instruction byte for the next communication cycle. All data

written to the AD9958 is registered on the rising edge of SCLK.

Data is read on the falling edge of SCLK (see Figure 43 through

Figure 49). The timing specifications for Figure 41 and Figure 42

are described in Table 25.

Figure 41. Setup and Hold Timing for the Serial I/O Port

Figure 42. Timing Diagram for Data Read for Serial I/O Port

Table 25. Timing Specifications

Parameter Min Unit Description

tPRE 1.0 ns min

CS setup time

tSCLK 5.0 ns min Period of serial data clock

tDSU 2.2 ns min Serial data setup time

tSCLKPWH 2.2 ns min Serial data clock pulse width high

tSCLKPWL 1.6 ns min Serial data clock pulse width low

tDHLD 0 ns min Serial data hold time

tDV 12 ns min Data valid time

PRE

DSU

SCLK

SCLKPWL

SCLKPWH

DHLD

SCLK

SDIO_x

05252-123

SCLK

SDIO_x

SDO (SDIO_2)

05252-124

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 32 of 44

Each set of communication cycles does not require an I/O update

to be issued. The I/O update transfers data from the I/O port

buffer to active registers. The I/O update can be sent for each

communication cycle or can be sent when all serial operations

are complete. However, data is not active until an I/O update is

sent, with the exception of the channel enable bits in the channel

select register (CSR). These bits do not require an I/O update to

be enabled.

INSTRUCTION BYTE DESCRIPTION

The instruction byte contains the following information:

MSB LSB

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

R/W x1 x1 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

1 x = don’t care bit.

Bit D7 of the instruction byte (R/W) determines whether a read

or write data transfer occurs after the instruction byte write. A

logic high indicates a read operation. A logic low indicates a

write operation.

Bit D4 to Bit D0 of the instruction byte determine which register is

accessed during the data transfer portion of the communication

cycle. The internal byte addresses are generated by the AD9958.

SERIAL I/O PORT PIN DESCRIPTION

Serial Data Clock (SCLK)

The serial data clock pin is used to synchronize data to and

from the internal state machines of the AD9958. The maximum

SCLK toggle frequency is 200 MHz.

Chip Select (CS)

The chip select pin allows more than one AD9958 device to be

on the same set of serial communications lines. The chip select

is an active low enable pin. SDIO_x inputs go to a high imped-

ance state when CS is high. If CS is driven high during any

communication cycle, that cycle is suspended until CS is

reactivated low. The CS pin can be tied low in systems that

maintain control of SCLK.

Serial Data I/O (SDIO_x)

Of the four SDIO pins, only the SDIO_0 pin is a dedicated SDIO

pin. SDIO_1, SDIO_2, and SDIO_3 can also be used to ramp

up/ramp down the output amplitude. Bits[2:1] in the channel

select register (CSR, Register 0x00) control the configuration

of these pins. See the Serial I/O Modes of Operation for more

information.

SERIAL I/O PORT FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

Serial Data Out (SDO)

The SDO function is available in single-bit (3-wire) mode only.

In SDO mode, data is read from the SDIO_2 pin for protocols

that use separate lines for transmitting and receiving data (see

Table 26 for pin configuration options). Bits[2:1] in the channel

select register (CSR, Register 0x00) control the configuration of

this pin. The SDO function is not available in 2-bit or 4-bit serial

I/O modes.

SYNC_I/O

The SYNC_I/O function is available in 1-bit and 2-bit modes.

SDIO_3 serves as the SYNC_I/O pin when this function is

active. Bits CSR[2:1] control the configuration of this pin.

Otherwise, the SYNC_I/O function is used to synchronize the

I/O port state machines without affecting the addressable register

contents. An active high input on the SYNC_I/O (SDIO_3) pin

causes the current communication cycle to abort. After SDIO_3

returns low (Logic 0), another communication cycle can begin,

starting with the instruction byte write. The SYNC_I/O function is

not available in 4-bit serial I/O mode.

MSB/LSB TRANSFER DESCRIPTION

The AD9958 serial port can support both most significant bit

(MSB) first or least significant bit (LSB) first data formats. This

functionality is controlled by CSR[0]. MSB first is the default

mode. When CSR[0] is set high, the AD9958 serial port is in

LSB first format. The instruction byte must be written in the

format indicated by CSR[0], that is, if the AD9958 is in LSB first

mode, the instruction byte must be written from LSB to MSB. If

the AD9958 is in MSB first mode (default), the instruction byte

must be written from MSB to LSB.

Example Operation

To write Function Register 1 (FR1, Register 0x01) in MSB first

format, apply an instruction byte of 00000001 starting with the

MSB (in the following example instruction byte, the MSB is

D7). From this instruction, the internal controller recognizes a

write transfer of three bytes starting with the MSB, FR1[23].

Bytes are written on each consecutive rising SCLK edge until

Bit 0 is transferred. When the last data bit is written, the I/O

communication cycle is complete and the next byte is considered

an instruction byte.

Example Instruction Byte1

MSB

LSB

D7 D6

D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 Note that the bit values are for example purposes only.

To write Function Register 1 (FR1) in LSB first format, apply an

instruction byte of 00000001, starting with the LSB bit (in the

preceding example instruction byte, the LSB is D0). From this

instruction, the internal controller recognizes a write transfer of

three bytes, starting with the LSB, FR1[0]. Bytes are written on

each consecutive rising SCLK edge until Bit 23 is transferred.

When the last data bit is written, the I/O communication cycle is

complete and the next byte is considered an instruction byte.

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 33 of 44

SERIAL I/O MODES OF OPERATION

The following are the four programmable modes of serial I/O

port operation:

• Single-bit serial 2-wire mode (default mode)

• Single-bit serial 3-wire mode

• 2-bit serial mode

• 4-bit serial mode (SYNC_I/O not available)

Table 26 displays the function of all six serial I/O interface pins,

depending on the mode of serial I/O operation programmed.

Table 26. Serial I/O Port Pin Function vs. Serial I/O Mode

Single-Bit

Serial 2-Wire

Mode

Single-Bit

Serial 3-Wire

Mode

2-Bit

Serial

Mode

4-Bit

Serial

Mode

SCLK Serial clock Serial clock Serial clock Serial

clock

CS Chip select Chip select Chip select Chip

select

SDIO_0 Serial data I/O Serial data in Serial data

I/O

Serial

data I/O

SDIO_1

Not used for

SDIO1

Not used for

SDIO1

Serial data

I/O

Serial

data I/O

SDIO_2 Not used for

SDIO1

Serial data

out (SDO)

Not used

for SDIO1

Serial

data I/O

SDIO_3 SYNC_I/O SYNC_I/O SYNC_I/O Serial

data I/O

1 In serial mode, these pins (SDIO_0/SDIO_1/SDIO_2/SDIO_3) can be used for

RU/RD operation.

The two bits in the channel select register, CSR[2:1], set the

serial I/O mode of operation and are defined in Table 27.

Table 27. Serial I/O Mode of Operation

Serial I/O Mode Select

(CSR[2:1]) Mode of Operation

Single-bit serial mode (2-wire mode)

Single-bit serial mode (3-wire mode)

10 2-bit serial mode

11 4-bit serial mode

Single-Bit Serial (2-Wire and 3-Wire) Modes

The single-bit serial mode interface allows read/write access to

all registers that configure the AD9958. MSB first or LSB first

transfer formats are supported. In addition, the single-bit serial

mode interface port can be configured either as a single pin I/O,

which allows a 2-wire interface, or as two unidirectional pins

for input/output, which enable a 3-wire interface. Single-bit

mode allows the use of the SYNC_I/O function.

In single-bit serial mode, 2-wire interface operation, the

SDIO_0 pin is the single serial data I/O pin. In single-bit serial

mode 3-wire interface operation, the SDIO_0 pin is the serial

data input pin and the SDIO_2 pin is the output data pin.

Regardless of the number of wires used in the interface, the

SDIO_3 pin is configured as an input and operates as the

SYNC_I/O pin in the single-bit serial mode and 2-bit serial

mode. The SDIO_1 pin is unused in this mode (see Table 26).

2-Bit Serial Mode

The SPI port operation in 2-bit serial mode is identical to the

SPI port operation in single-bit serial mode, except that two bits

of data are registered on each rising edge of SCLK. Therefore, it

only takes four clock cycles to transfer eight bits of information.

The SDIO_0 pin contains the even numbered data bits using

the notation D[7:0], and the SDIO_1 pin contains the odd

numbered data bits. This even and odd numbered pin/data

alignment is valid in both MSB and LSB first formats (see

Figure 44).

4-Bit Serial Mode

The SPI port in 4-bit serial mode is identical to the SPI port in

single-bit serial mode, except that four bits of data are registered

on each rising edge of SCLK. Therefore, it takes only two clock

cycles to transfer eight bits of information. The SDIO_0 and

SDIO_2 pins contain even numbered data bits using the notation

D[7:0], and the SDIO_0 pin contains the LSB of the nibble. The

SDIO_1 and SDIO_3 pins contain the odd numbered data bits,

and the SDIO_1 pin contains the LSB of the nibble to be accessed.

Note that when programming the device for 4-bit serial mode,

it is important to keep the SDIO_3 pin at Logic 0 until the device is

programmed out of the single-bit serial mode. Failure to do so

can result in the serial I/O port controller being out of

sequence.

Figure 43 through Figure 45 represent write timing diagrams

for each of the serial I/O modes available. Both MSB and LSB

first modes are shown. LSB first bits are shown in parentheses.

The clock stall low/high feature shown is not required. It is used

to show that data (SDIO) must have the proper setup time

relative to the rising edge of SCLK.

Figure 46 through Figure 49 represent read timing diagrams for

each of the serial I/O modes available. Both MSB and LSB first

modes are shown. LSB first bits are shown in parentheses. The

clock stall low/high feature shown is not required. It is used to

show that data (SDIO) must have the proper setup time relative

to the rising edge of SCLK for the instruction byte and the read

data that follows the falling edge of SCLK.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 34 of 44

Figure 43. Single-Bit Serial Mode Write Timing—Clock Stall Low

Figure 44. 2-Bit Serial Mode Write Timing—Clock Stall Low

Figure 45. 4-Bit Serial Mode Write Timing—Clock Stall Low

SCLK

SDIO_0

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA TRANS FER CY CLE

(I0) I6

(I1) I5

(I2) I4

(I3) I3

(I4) I2

(I5) I1

(I6) I0

(I7) D7

(D0) D6

(D1) D5

(D2) D4

(D3) D3

(D4) D2

(D5) D1

(D6) D0

(D7)

05252-125

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA TRANSF E R CY CLE

SCLK

SDIO_1

SDIO_0

(I1) I5

(I3) I3

(I5) I1

(I7) D7

(D1) D5

(D3) D3

(D5) D1

(D7)

(I0) I4

(I2) I2

(I4) I0

(I6) D6

(D0) D4

(D2) D2

(D4) D0

(D6)

05252-126

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA TRANSFER CY CLE

SCLK

SDIO_1

SDIO_0

SDIO_2

SDIO_3

(I3)

(I5)

(I1)

(I7)

(I2)

(I4)

(I0)

(I6)

(D3)

(D5)

(D1)

(D7)

(D2)

(D4)

(D0)

(D6)

05252-127

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 35 of 44

Figure 46. Single-Bit Serial Mode (2-Wire) Read Timing—Clock Stall High

Figure 47. Single-Bit Serial Mode (3-Wire) Read Timing—Clock Stall Low

Figure 48. 2-Bit Serial Mode Read Timing—Clock Stall High

Figure 49. 4-Bit Serial Mode Read Timing—Clock Stall High

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA T RANS FER CY CLE

(I0)

SDIO_0

SCLK

(I1) I5

(I2) I4

(I3) I3

(I4) I2

(I5) I1

(I6) I0

(I7) D7

(D0) D6

(D1) D5

(D2) D4

(D3) D3

(D4) D2

(D5) D1

(D6) D0

(D7)

05252-128

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA TRANSF E R CY CLE

SDIO_0

SCLK

DON' T CARE

SDO

(SDI O_2 PIN)

(I0) I6

(I1) I5

(I2) I4

(I3) I3

(I4) I2

(I5) I1

(I6) I0

(I7)

(D0) D6

(D1) D5

(D2) D4

(D3) D3

(D4) D2

(D5) D1

(D6) D0

(D7)

05252-129

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA TRANSF E R CY CLE

SCLK

SDIO_1

SDIO_0

(D1) D5

(D3) D3

(D5) D1

(D7)

(D0) D4

(D2) D2

(D4) D0

(D6)

(I0) I4

(I2) I2

(I4) I0

(I6)

(I1) I5

(I3) I3

(I5) I1

(I7)

05252-130

INSTRUCT IO N CY CLE DATA TRANSF E R CY CLE

(I3)

(I5)

(I1)

(I7)

(I2)

(I4)

(I0)

(I6)

SCLK

SDIO_0

SDIO_1

SDIO_2

SDIO_3

(D3)

(D5)

(D1)

(D7)

(D2)

(D4)

(D0)

(I6)

05252-131

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 36 of 44

Table 28. Control Register Map

Name

(Serial

Address)

Bit

Range

Bit 7

(MSB) Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1

Bit 0

(LSB)

Default

Value

Channel

Select

(CSR)

(0x00)

[7:0] Channel 1

enable1

Channel 0

enable1

Open2 Open2 Must

be 0

Serial I/O mode

select[2:1]

LSB first 0xF0

Function

(FR1)

(0x01)

[23:16] VCO gain

control

PLL divider ratio[22:18] Charge pump

control[17:16]

0x00

[15:8] Open Profile pin configuration (PPC)[14:12] Ramp-up/

ramp-down

(RU/RD)[11:10]

Modulation level[9:8] 0x00

[7:0] Reference

clock input

power-down

External power-

down mode

SYNC_CLK

disable

DAC reference

power-down

Open[3:2] Manual

hardware

sync

Manual

software

sync

0x00

Function

(FR2)

(0x02)

[15:8] All channels

autoclear

sweep

accumulator

All channels

clear wweep

accumulator

All channels

autoclear phase

accumulator

All channels

clear phase

accumulator

Open[11:8] 0x00

[7:0]

Auto sync

enable

Multidevice sync

master enable

Multidevice sync

status

Multidevice sync

mask

Open[3:2]

System clock

offset[1:0]

0x00

1 Channel enable bits do not require an I/O update to be activated. These bits are active immediately after the byte containing the bits is written. All other bits need an

I/O update to become active. The two channel enable bits shown in Table 28 are used to enable/disable any combination of the two channels. The default for both

channels is enabled. In readback mode, enable one channel enable bit at a time.

2 This bit must be disabled (Logic 0) in readback mode.

In the channel select register, if the user wants two different

frequencies for the two DDS channels, use the following

protocol:

1. Enable (Logic 1) the Channel 0 enable bit, which is

located in the channel select register, and disable the

Channel 1 enable bit (Logic 0).

2. Write the desired frequency tuning word for Channel

0, as described in Step 1, and then disable the Channel

0 enable bit (Logic 0).

3. Enable the Channel 1 enable bit only, located in the

channel select Register.

4. Write the desired frequency tuning word for Channel

1 in Step 3.

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 37 of 44

Table 29. Channel Register Map

Name

(Serial

Address)

Bit

Range

Bit 7

(MSB) Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1

Bit 0

(LSB)

Default

Value

Channel

Function

Register1

(CFR)

(0x03)

[23:16] Amplitude freq. phase

(AFP) select[23:22]

Open[21:16] 0x00

[15:8] Linear

sweep

no-dwell

Linear

sweep

enable

Load SRR at

I/O_UPDATE

Open[12:11] Must be 0 DAC full-scale current

control[9:8]

0x03

[7:0]

Digital

power-

down

DAC

power-

down

Matched

pipe delays

active

Autoclear

sweep

accumulator

Clear sweep

accumulator

Autoclear

phase

accumulator

Clear phase

accumulator2

Sine

wave

output

enable

0x02

Channel

Frequency

Tuning

Word 01

(CFTW0)

(0x04)

[31:24] Frequency Tuning Word 0[31:24] 0x00

[23:16] Frequency Tuning Word 0[23:16] N/A

[15:8] Frequency Tuning Word 0[15:8] N/A

[7:0] Frequency Tuning Word 0[7:0] N/A

Channel

Phase

Offset

Word 01

(CPOW0)

(0x05)

[15:8] Open[15:14] Phase Offset Word 0[13:8] 0x00

[7:0] Phase Offset Word 0[7:0] 0x00

Amplitude

Control

(ACR)

(0x06)

[23:16] Amplitude Ramp Rate[23:16] N/A

[15:8]

Increment/decrement

step size[15:14]

Open

Amplitude

multiplier

enable

Ramp-up/

ramp-down

enable

Load ARR at

I/O_UPDATE

Amplitude scale

factor[9:8]

0x00

[7:0] Amplitude scale factor[7:0] 0x00

Linear

Sweep

Ramp

Rate1

(LSRR)

(0x07)

[15:8] Falling sweep ramp rate (FSRR)[15:8] N/A

[7:0] Rising sweep ramp rate (RSRR)[7:0] N/A

LSR Rising

Delta

Word1

(RDW)

(0x08)

[31:24] Rising delta word[31:24] N/A

[23:16] Rising delta word[23:16] N/A

[15:8] Rising delta word[15:8] N/A

[7:0] Rising delta word[7:0] N/A

LSR Falling

Delta

Word1

(FDW)

(0x09)

[31:24] Falling delta word[31:24] N/A

[23:16] Falling delta word[23:16] N/A

[15:8] Falling delta word[15:8] N/A

[7:0] Falling delta word[7:0] N/A

1 There are two sets of channel registers and profile registers, one per channel. This is not shown in the Table 29 or Table 30 because the addresses of all channel

registers and profile registers are the same for each channel. Therefore, the channel enable bits (CSR[7:6]) determine if the channel registers and/or profile registers of

each channel are written to or not.

2 The clear phase accumulator bit (CFR[1]) is set to Logic 1 after a master reset. It self-clears or is set to Logic 0 when an I/O update is asserted.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 38 of 44

Table 30. Profile Register Map1

Bit

Range

Bit 7

(MSB) Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1

Bit 0

(LSB)

Default

Value

Channel Word 1 (CW1) (0x0A) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 2 (CW2) (0x0B) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 3 (CW3) (0x0C) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 3 (CW4) (0x0D) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 5 (CW5) (0x0E)

[31:0]

Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22]

N/A

Channel Word 6 (CW6) (0x0F) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 7 (CW7) (0x10) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 8 (CW8) (0x11) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 9 (CW9) (0x12) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 10 (CW10) (0x13) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 11 (CW11) (0x14) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 12 (CW12) (0x15) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 13 (CW13) (0x16) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 14 (CW14) (0x17) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

Channel Word 15 (CW15) (0x18) [31:0] Frequency tuning word[31:0] or phase word[31:18] or amplitude word[31:22] N/A

1 Each channel word register has a capacity of 32 bits. If phase or amplitude is stored in the channel word registers, it must be first MSB aligned per the bit range.

Only the MSB byte is shown for each channel word register.

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 39 of 44

DESCRIPTIONS FOR CONTROL REGISTERS

Channel Select Register (CSR)—Address 0x00

One byte is assigned to this register.

The CSR determines if channels are enabled or disabled by the status of the two channel enable bits. Both channels are enabled by their

default state. The CSR also determines which serial mode of operation is selected. In addition, the CSR offers a choice of MSB first or LSB

first format.

Table 31. Bit Descriptions for CSR

Bit Mnemonic Description

7:6 Channel [1:0] enable Bits are active immediately after being written. They do not require an I/O update to take effect.

There are two sets of channel registers and profile (channel word) registers, one per channel. This

is not shown in the channel register map or the profile register map. The addresses of all channel

registers and profile registers are the same for each channel. Therefore, the channel enable bits

distinguish the channel registers and profile registers values of each channel. For example,

10 = only Channel 1 receives commands from the channel registers and profile registers.

01 = only Channel 0 receives commands from the channel registers and profile registers.

11 = both Channel 0 and Channel 1 receive commands from the channel registers and profile

registers.

5:4 Open

3 Must be 0 Must be set to 0.

2:1 Serial I/O mode select 00 = single-bit serial (2-wire mode).

01 = single-bit serial (3-wire mode).

10 = 2-bit serial mode.

11 = 4-bit serial mode.

See the Serial I/O Modes of Operation section for more details.

0 LSB first 0 = the serial interface accepts serial data in MSB first format (default).

1 = the serial interface accepts serial data in LSB first format.

Function Register 1 (FR1)—Address 0x01

Three bytes are assigned to this register. FR1 is used to control the mode of operation of the chip.

Table 32. Bit Descriptions for FR1

Bit Mnemonic Description

23 VCO gain control 0 = the low range (system clock below 160 MHz) (default).

1 = the high range (system clock above 255 MHz).

22:18

PLL divider ratio

If the value is 4 or 20 (decimal) or between 4 and 20, the PLL is enabled and the value sets the

multiplication factor. If the value is outside of 4 and 20 (decimal), the PLL is disabled.

17:16 Charge pump control 00 (default) = the charge pump current is 75 µA.

01 = charge pump current is 100 µA.

10 = charge pump current is 125 µA.

11 = charge pump current is 150 µA.

Open

14:12 Profile pin configuration (PPC) The profile pin configuration bits control the configuration of the data and SDIO_x pins for the

different modulation modes. See the Modulation Mode section in this document for details.

11:10 Ramp-up/ramp-down (RU/RD) The RU/RD bits control the amplitude ramp-up/ramp-down time of a channel. See the Output

Amplitude Control Mode section for more details.

9:8 Modulation level The modulation (FSK, PSK, and ASK) level bits control the level (2/4/8/16) of modulation to be

performed for a channel. See the Modulation Mode section for more details.

7 Reference clock input 0 = the clock input circuitry is enabled for operation (default).

power-down 1 = the clock input circuitry is disabled and is in a low power dissipation state.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 40 of 44

Bit Mnemonic Description

6 External power-down mode 0 = the external power-down mode is in fast recovery power-down mode (default). In this mode,

when the PWR_DWN_CTL input pin is high, the digital logic and the DAC digital logic are

powered down. The DAC bias circuitry, PLL, oscillator, and clock input circuitry are not powered

down.

1 = the external power-down mode is in full power-down mode. In this mode, when the

PWR_DWN_CTL input pin is high, all functions are powered down. This includes the DAC and PLL,

which take a significant amount of time to power up.

5 SYNC_CLK disable 0 = the SYNC_CLK pin is active (default).

1 = the SYNC_CLK pin assumes a static Logic 0 state (disabled). In this state, the pin drive logic is

shut down. However, the synchronization circuitry remains active internally to maintain normal

device operation.

4 DAC reference power-down 0 = DAC reference is enabled (default).

1 = DAC reference is powered down.

3:2 Open See the Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for details.

1 Manual hardware sync 0 = the manual hardware synchronization feature of multiple devices is inactive (default).

1 = the manual hardware synchronization feature of multiple devices is active.

0 Manual software sync 0 = the manual software synchronization feature of multiple devices is inactive (default).

1 = the manual software synchronization feature of multiple devices is active. See the

Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for details.

Function Register 2 (FR2)—Address 0x02

Two bytes are assigned to this register. The FR2 is used to control the various functions, features, and modes of the AD9958.

Table 33. Bit Descriptions for FR2

Bit Mnemonic Description

15 All channels autoclear sweep

accumulator

0 = a new delta word is applied to the input, as in normal operation, but not loaded into the

accumulator (default).

1 = this bit automatically and synchronously clears (loads 0s into) the sweep accumulator for one

cycle upon reception of the I/O_UPDATE sequence indicator on both channels.

14 All channels clear 0 = the sweep accumulator functions as normal (default).

sweep accumulator

1 = the sweep accumulator memory elements for both channels are asynchronously cleared.

13 All channels autoclear phase

accumulator

0 = a new frequency tuning word is applied to the inputs of the phase accumulator, but not

loaded into the accumulator (default).

1 = this bit automatically and synchronously clears (loads 0s into) the phase accumulator for one

cycle upon receipt of the I/O update sequence indicator on both channels.

12 All channels clear phase 0 = the phase accumulator functions as normal (default).

Accumulator 1 = the phase accumulator memory elements for both channels are asynchronously cleared.

11:8 Open

7 Auto sync enable See the Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for more details.

6 Multidevice sync master enable See the Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for more details.

5 Multidevice sync status See the Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for more details.

Multidevice sync mask

See the Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for more details.

3: 2 Open

1:0 System clock offset See the Synchronizing Multiple AD9958 Devices section for more details.

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 41 of 44

DESCRIPTIONS FOR CHANNEL REGISTERS

Channel Function Register (CFR)—Address 0x03

Three bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 34. Bit Descriptions for CFR

Bit Mnemonic Description

23:22 Amplitude frequency

phase (AFP) select

Controls what type of modulation is to be performed for that channel. See the Modulation Mode section

for details.

21:16 Open

15 Linear sweep no-dwell 0 = the linear sweep no-dwell function is inactive (default).

1 = the linear sweep no-dwell function is active. If CFR[15] is active, the linear sweep no-dwell function is

activated. See the Linear Sweep Mode section for details. If CFR[14] is clear, this bit is don’t care.

14 Linear sweep enable 0 = the linear sweep capability is inactive (default).

1 = the linear sweep capability is enabled. When enabled, the delta frequency tuning word is applied to

the frequency accumulator at the programmed ramp rate.

13 Load SRR at

I/O_UPDATE

0 = the linear sweep ramp rate timer is loaded only upon timeout (timer = 1) and is not loaded because

of an I/O_UPDATE input signal (default).

1 = the linear sweep ramp rate timer is loaded upon timeout (timer = 1) or at the time of an I/O_UPDATE

input signal.

12:11 Open

10 Must be 0 Must be set to 0.

9:8 DAC full-scale current

control

11 = the DAC is at the largest LSB value (default).

See Table 5 for other settings.

7 Digital power-down 0 = the digital core is enabled for operation (default).

1 = the digital core is disabled and is in its lowest power dissipation state.

6 DAC power-down 0 = the DAC is enabled for operation (default).

1 = the DAC is disabled and is in its lowest power dissipation state.

5 Matched pipe delays 0 = matched pipe delay mode is inactive (default).

active 1 = matched pipe delay mode is active. See the Single-Tone Mode—Matched Pipeline Delay section for

details.

4 Autoclear sweep

accumulator

0 = the current state of the sweep accumulator is not impacted by receipt of an I/O_UPDATE signal

(default).

1 = the sweep accumulator is automatically and synchronously cleared for one cycle upon receipt of an

I/O_UPDATE signal.

3 Clear sweep 0 = the sweep accumulator functions as normal (default).

accumulator 1 = the sweep accumulator memory elements are asynchronously cleared.

2 Autoclear phase

accumulator

0 = the current state of the phase accumulator is not impacted by receipt of an I/O_UPDATE signal

(default).

1 = the phase accumulator is automatically and synchronously cleared for one cycle upon receipt of an

I/O_UPDATE signal.

1 Clear phase 0 = the phase accumulator functions as normal (default).

accumulator 1 = the phase accumulator memory elements are asynchronously cleared.

Sine wave output

0 = the angle-to-amplitude conversion logic employs a cosine function (default).

enable 1 = the angle-to-amplitude conversion logic employs a sine function.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 42 of 44

Channel Frequency Tuning Word 0 (CFTW0)—Address 0x04

Four bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 35. Description for CFTW0

Bit Mnemonic Description

31:0 Frequency Tuning Word 0 Frequency Tuning Word 0 for each channel.

Channel Phase Offset Word 0 (CPOW0)—Address 0x05

Two bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 36. Description for CPOW0

Bit Mnemonic Description

15:14 Open

13:0 Phase Offset Word 0 Phase Offset Word 0 for each channel.

Amplitude Control Register (ACR)—Address 0x06

Three bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 37. Description for ACR

Bit Mnemonic Description

23:16 Amplitude ramp rate Amplitude ramp rate value.

15:14 Increment/decrement

step size

Amplitude increment/decrement step size.

13 Open

12 Amplitude multiplier

enable

0 = amplitude multiplier is disabled. The clocks to this scaling function (auto RU/RD) are stopped

for power saving, and the data from the DDS core is routed around the multipliers (default).

1 = amplitude multiplier is enabled.

11 Ramp-up/ramp-down This bit is valid only when ACR[12] is active high.

enable 0 = when ACR[12] is active, Logic 0 on ACR[11] enables the manual RU/RD operation. See the

Output Amplitude Control Mode section for details (default).

1 = if ACR[12] is active, a Logic 1 on ACR[11] enables the auto RU/RD operation. See the Output

Amplitude Control Mode section for details.

10 Load ARR at

I/O_UPDATE

0 = the amplitude ramp rate timer is loaded only upon timeout (timer = 1) and is not loaded due

to an I/O_UPDATE input signal (default).

1 = the amplitude ramp rate timer is loaded upon timeout (timer = 1) or at the time of an

I/O_UPDATE input signal.

9:0 Amplitude scale factor Amplitude scale factor for each channel.

Data Sheet AD9958

Rev. C | Page 43 of 44

Linear Sweep Ramp Rate (LSRR)—Address 0x07

Two bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 38. Description for LSRR

Bit Mnemonic Description

15:8 Falling sweep ramp rate (FSRR) Linear falling sweep ramp rate.

7:0 Rising sweep ramp rate (RSRR) Linear rising sweep ramp rate.

LSR Rising Delta Word (RDW)—Address 0x08

Four bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 39. Description for RDW

Bit Mnemonic Description

31:0 Rising delta word 32-bit rising delta-tuning word.

LSR Falling Delta Word (FDW)—Address 0x09

Four bytes are assigned to this register.

Table 40. Description for FDW

Bit Mnemonic Description

31:0 Falling delta word 32-bit falling delta-tuning word.

AD9958 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 44 of 44

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

Figure 50. 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]

8 mm × 8 mm Body, Very Thin Quad

(CP-56-1)

Dimensions shown in millimeters

ORDERING GUIDE

Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option

AD9958BCPZ −40°C to +85°C 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ] CP-56-1

AD9958BCPZ-REEL7 −40°C to +85°C 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ] CP-56-1

AD9958/PCBZ Evaluation Board

1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.

COMPLIANT TO JE DE C S TANDARDS MO-220- V LL D- 2

TOP VIEW

SIDE VIEW

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.23

0.18

0.20 REF

12° M AX

1.00

0.85

0.80

6.50 REF

SEATING

PLANE

0.60 M AX

0.60

MAX

COPLANARITY

0.08

0.05 M AX

0.02 NO M

0.25 M IN

FOR PRO P E R CONNECTI ON O F

THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO

THE PIN CO NFI GURAT IO N AND

FUNCTION DES CRIPTI ONS

SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.

PIN 1

INDICATOR

8.10

8.00 SQ

7.90

7.85

7.75 SQ

7.65

0.50

BSC

BOTTOM VIEW

EXPOSED

PAD

PIN 1

INDICATOR

06-07-2012-A

0.80 M AX

0.65 TYP

6.25

6.10 SQ

5.95

registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

D05252-0-11/16(C)