(R) OPA OPA340 OPA2340 OPA4340 434 0 OPA 340 OPA 2340 OPA 434 0 SINGLE-SUPPLY, RAIL-TO-RAIL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS MicroAmplifier TM Series FEATURES APPLICATIONS DRIVING A/D CONVERTERS PCMCIA CARDS DATA ACQUISITION PROCESS CONTROL AUDIO PROCESSING COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVE FILTERS TEST EQUIPMENT RAIL-TO-RAIL INPUT RAIL-TO-RAIL OUTPUT (within 1mV) MicroSIZE PACKAGES WIDE BANDWIDTH: 5.5MHz HIGH SLEW RATE: 6V/s LOW THD+NOISE: 0.0007% (f = 1kHz) LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT: 750A/channel SINGLE, DUAL, AND QUAD of the supply rails with a 100k load. They offer excellent dynamic response (BW = 5.5MHz, SR = 6V/s), yet quiescent current is only 750A. Dual and quad designs feature completely independent circuitry for lowest crosstalk and freedom from interaction. The single (OPA340) packages are the tiny 5-lead SOT-23-5 surface mount, SO-8 surface mount, and 8-pin DIP. The dual (OPA2340) comes in the miniature MSOP-8 surface mount, SO-8 surface mount, and 8-pin DIP packages. The quad (OPA4340) packages are the space-saving SSOP-16 surface mount, SO-14 surface mount, and the 14-pin DIP. All are specified from -40C to +85C and operate from -55C to +125C. A SPICE macromodel is available for design analysis. DESCRIPTION OPA340 series rail-to-rail CMOS operational amplifiers are optimized for low voltage, single supply operation. Rail-to-rail input/output and high speed operation make them ideal for driving sampling analog-to-digital converters. They are also well suited for general purpose and audio applications as well as providing I/V conversion at the output of D/A converters. Single, dual, and quad versions have identical specifications for design flexibility. The OPA340 series operates on a single supply as low as 2.5V with an input common-mode voltage range that extends 500mV below ground and 500mV above the positive supply. Output voltage swing is to within 1mV OPA340 OPA4340 NC 1 8 NC -In 2 7 V+ +In 3 6 V- 4 5 OPA340 Out 1 8-Pin DIP, SO-8 5 V+ V- 2 +In 3 4 -In SOT-23-5 16 Out D 15 -In D 14 +In D 4 13 -V +In B 5 12 +In C -In B 6 11 -In C Out B 7 10 Out C NC 8 9 NC Out A 1 Output -In A 2 NC +In A 3 +V A OPA2340 Out A 1 -In A 2 +In A 3 V- 4 A B 8 V+ 7 Out B 6 -In B 5 +In B 8-Pin DIP, SO-8, MSOP-8 D B C SSOP-16 International Airport Industrial Park * Mailing Address: PO Box 11400, Tucson, AZ 85734 * Street Address: 6730 S. Tucson Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85706 * Tel: (520) 746-1111 * Twx: 910-952-1111 Internet: http://www.burr-brown.com/ * FAXLine: (800) 548-6133 (US/Canada Only) * Cable: BBRCORP * Telex: 066-6491 * FAX: (520) 889-1510 * Immediate Product Info: (800) 548-6132 (R) (c) 1997 Burr-Brown Corporation SBOS073 PDS-1404C 1 Printed in U.S.A. December, 1997 OPA340/2340/4340 SPECIFICATIONS: VS = 2.7V to 5V At TA = +25C, RL = 10k connected to VS/2 and VOUT = VS/2, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = -40C to +85C. VS = 5V. OPA340NA, PA, UA OPA2340EA, PA, UA OPA4340EA, PA, UA PARAMETER CONDITION OFFSET VOLTAGE Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature vs Power Supply T A = -40C to +85C Channel Separation, dc INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current TA = -40C to +85C Input Offset Current NOISE Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1 to 50kHz Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 1kHz Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio VOS dVOS/dT PSRR MIN VS = 5V VS = 2.7V to 5.5V, VCM = 0V VS = 2.7V to 5.5V, VCM = 0V V V/C V/V V/V V/V 0.2 en in 8 25 3 VCM CMRR AOL GBW SR THD+N TA = -40C to +85C TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range Operating Range Storage Range Thermal Resistance SOT-23-5 Surface Mount MSOP-8 Surface Mount SO-8 Surface Mount 8-Pin DIP SSOP-16 Surface Mount SO-14 Surface Mount 14-Pin DIP 500 IOS OUTPUT Voltage Output Swing from Rail(3) TA = -40C to +85C POWER SUPPLY Specified Voltage Range Operating Voltage Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) TA = -40C to +85C 150 2.5 30 0.2 TA = -40C to +85C TA = -40C to +85C Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive UNITS IB TA = -40C to +85C FREQUENCY RESPONSE Gain-Bandwidth Product Slew Rate Settling Time, 0.1% 0.01% Overload Recovery Time Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise MAX 120 120 0.2 -0.3V < VCM < (V+) -1.8V VS = 5V, -0.3V < VCM < 5.3V VS = 2.7V, -0.3V < VCM < 3V -0.3 80 70 66 INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain TA = -40C to +85C TYP(1) RL = 100k, 5mV < VO < (V+) -5mV RL = 100k, 5mV < VO < (V+) -5mV RL = 10k, 50mV < VO < (V+) -50mV RL = 10k, 50mV < VO < (V+) -50mV RL = 2k, 200mV < VO < (V+) -200mV RL = 2k, 200mV < VO < (V+) -200mV 106 106 100 100 94 94 IQ Vrms nV/Hz fA/Hz (V+) +0.3 V dB dB dB 1013 || 3 1013 || 6 || pF || pF 124 dB dB dB dB dB dB 120 114 5.5 6 1 1.6 0.2 0.0007 RL = 100k, AOL 106dB RL = 100k, AOL 106dB RL = 10k, AOL 100dB RL = 10k, AOL 100dB RL = 2k, AOL 94dB RL = 2k, AOL 94dB 1 10 40 MHz V/s s s s % 5 5 50 50 200 200 mV mV mV mV mV mV mA 5 950 1100 V V A A +85 +125 +125 C C C 50 See Typical Curve ISC CLOAD 2.7 2.5 to 5.5 750 IO = 0, VS = +5V IO = 0, VS = +5V -40 -55 -55 JA 200 150 150 100 100 100 80 NOTES: (1) VS = +5V. (2) V OUT = 0.25V to 3.25V. (3) Output voltage swings are measured between the output and power supply rails. (R) OPA340/2340/4340 2 pA pA pA 92 84 80 G=1 VS = 5V, G = 1, CL = 100pF VS = 5V, 2V Step, CL = 100pF VS = 5V, 2V Step, CL = 100pF VIN * G = VS VS = 5V, VO = 3Vp-p(2), G = 1, f = 1kHz VS 10 60 10 C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY PIN CONFIGURATIONS Top View SOIC/DIP OPA4340 Out A 1 -In A 2 A 14 Out D 13 -In D This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Burr-Brown recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. D +In A 3 12 +In D V+ 4 11 V- +In B 5 10 +In C -In B 6 9 -In C Out B 7 8 Out C B ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. C ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1) Supply Voltage ................................................................................... 5.5V Signal Input Terminals, Voltage (2) .................... (V-) -0.5V to (V+) +0.5V Current(2) .................................................... 10mA Output Short-Circuit(3) .............................................................. Continuous Operating Temperature ................................................. -55C to +125C Storage Temperature ..................................................... -55C to +125C Junction Temperature ...................................................................... 150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................................. 300C NOTES: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. (2) Input terminals are diode-clamped to the power supply rails. Input signals that can swing more than 0.5V beyond the supply rails should be currentlimited to 10mA or less. (3) Short-circuit to ground, one amplifier per package. PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION PRODUCT PACKAGE PACKAGE DRAWING NUMBER(1) Single OPA340NA 5-Lead SOT-23-5 331 -40C to +85C A40 " " " " OPA340PA OPA340UA 8-Pin DIP SO-8 Surface-Mount 006 182 -40C to +85C -40C to +85C OPA340PA OPA340UA OPA340NA-250 OPA340NA-3K OPA340PA OPA340UA Dual OPA2340EA " OPA2340PA OPA2340UA MSOP-8 Surface-Mount " 8-Pin DIP SO-8 Surface-Mount 337 " 006 182 -40C to +85C " -40C to +85C -40C to +85C A40A " OPA2340PA OPA2340UA OPA2340EA-250 OPA2340EA-2500 OPA2340PA OPA2340UA Tape and Reel Tape and Reel Rails Rails (3) Quad OPA4340EA " OPA4340PA OPA4340UA SSOP-16 Surface-Mount " 14-Pin DIP SO-14 Surface Mount 322 " 010 235 -40C to +85C " -40C to +85C -40C to +85C OPA4340EA " OPA4340PA OPA4340UA OPA4340EA-250 OPA4340EA-2500 OPA4340PA OPA4340UA Tape and Reel Tape and Reel Rails Rails (3) " SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER(2) TRANSPORT MEDIA Tape and Reel Tape and Reel Rails Rails (3) NOTES: (1) For detailed drawing and dimension table, please see end of data sheet, or Appendix C of Burr-Brown IC Data Book. (2) Models with -250, -2500, and -3K are available only in Tape and Reel in the quantities indicated (e.g., -250 indicates 250 devices per reel). Ordering 3000 pieces of "OPA340NA-3K" will get a single 3000 piece Tape and Reel. For detailed Tape and Reel mechanical information, refer to Appendix B of Burr-Brown IC Data Book. (3) SO-8 and SO-14 models also available in Tape and Reel. The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user's own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does not authorize or warrant any BURR-BROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems. (R) 3 OPA340/2340/4340 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES At TA = +25C, VS = +5V, and RL = 10k connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. POWER SUPPLY and COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY OPEN-LOOP GAIN/PHASE vs FREQUENCY 160 0 100 PSRR 140 80 -45 80 -90 60 40 Phase () 100 -135 20 PSRR, CMRR (dB) Voltage Gain (dB) 120 60 40 CMRR 20 0 -180 -20 0 0.1 10 1 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz) 1k 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) INPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY vs FREQUENCY CHANNEL SEPARATION vs FREQUENCY 1k 10k 140 100 10 10 1 Channel Separation (dB) 100 Voltage Noise Current Noise (fAHz) Voltage Noise (nVHz) Current Noise 1k 130 120 110 G = 1, All Channels 0.1 1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 100 1M 10 100 1k 100k Frequency (Hz) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY CLOSED-LOOP OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY 0.1 5k G = 100 RL = 600 4k 0.01 Output Resistance () RL = 2k THD+N (%) 10k Frequency (Hz) G = 10 RL = 10k RL = 600 0.001 RL = 2k G=1 RL = 10k 0.0001 G = 10 3k 2k G=1 1k 0 20 100 1k 10k 10 20k (R) OPA340/2340/4340 100 1k 10k 100k Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) 4 1M 10M TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) At TA = +25C, VS = +5V, and RL = 10k connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. OPEN-LOOP GAIN AND POWER SUPPLY REJECTION vs TEMPERATURE 130 120 COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs TEMPERATURE 100 RL = 100k AOL 90 AOL, PSRR (dB) RL = 10k CMRR (dB) 80 110 RL = 2k 100 PSRR 90 70 60 VS = 2.7V to 5V, VCM = -0.3V to (V+) -1.8V VS = 5V, VCM = -0.3V to 5.3V VS = 2.7V, VCM = -0.3V to 3V 50 80 40 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -75 -50 -25 Temperature (C) 50 75 100 125 800 Per Amplifier Per Amplifier Quiescent Current (A) 900 Quiescent Current (A) 25 QUIESCENT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 1000 800 700 600 500 750 700 650 600 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 2.0 2.5 3.0 Temperature (C) 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 60 Short-Circuit Current (mA) -ISC 80 70 60 50 4.0 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 90 3.5 Supply Voltage (V) 100 Short-Circuit Current (mA) 0 Temperature (C) +ISC 40 30 20 -ISC 50 +ISC 40 10 0 30 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 2.0 Temperature (C) 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Supply Voltage (V) (R) 5 OPA340/2340/4340 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) At TA = +25C, VS = +5V, and RL = 10k connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 1.0 1k 0.6 100 Input Bias Current (pA) Input Bias Current (pA) 0.8 10 1 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 0.1 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 Temperature (C) 75 100 125 -1 0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs OUTPUT CURRENT +25C -55C Output Voltage (Vp-p) Output Voltage (V) 3 2 +125C -55C +25C 10 20 30 40 50 60 5 6 Maximum output voltage without slew rate-induced distortion. 4 VS = 2.7V 3 2 1M 10M Output Current (mA) Frequency (Hz) OFFSET VOLTAGE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT MAGNITUDE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION 25 Percent of Amplifiers (%) Typical production distribution of packaged units. 12 10 8 6 4 Typical production distribution of packaged units. 20 15 10 5 2 0 0 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 0 -500 Percent of Amplifiers (%) 14 VS = 5.5V 0 100k 70 80 90 100 18 16 4 1 0 0 3 5 4 1 2 MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY 6 5 +125C 1 Common-Mode Voltage (V) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 Offset Voltage Drift (V/C) Offset Voltage (V) (R) OPA340/2340/4340 1 6 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) At TA = +25C, VS = +5V, and RL = 10k connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE CL = 100pF 1V/div 50mV/div SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE CL = 100pF 1s/div 1s/div SETTLING TIME vs CLOSED-LOOP GAIN SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT vs LOAD CAPACITANCE 100 60 G = -1 0.01% Settling Time (s) Overshoot (%) 50 G = +1 40 30 G = -5 20 10 10 0.1% 1 See text for reducing overshoot. G = +5 0.1 0 100 1000 10k 1 10 100 1000 Closed-Loop Gain (V/V) Load Capacitance (pF) (R) 7 OPA340/2340/4340 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Power supply pins should be bypassed with 0.01F ceramic capacitors. OPA340 series op amps are fabricated on a state-of-the-art 0.6 micron CMOS process. They are unity-gain stable and suitable for a wide range of general purpose applications. Rail-to-rail input/output make them ideal for driving sampling A/D converters. In addition, excellent ac performance makes them well-suited for audio applications. The class AB output stage is capable of driving 600 loads connected to any point between V+ and ground. OPERATING VOLTAGE OPA340 series op amps are fully specified from +2.7V to +5V. However, supply voltage may range from +2.5V to +5.5V. Parameters are guaranteed over the specified supply range--a unique feature of the OPA340 series. In addition, many specifications apply from -40C to +85C. Most behavior remains virtually unchanged throughout the full operating voltage range. Parameters which vary significantly with operating voltages or temperature are shown in the typical performance curves. Rail-to-rail input and output swing significantly increases dynamic range, especially in low supply applications. Figure 1 shows the input and output waveforms for the OPA340 in unity-gain configuration. Operation is from a single +5V supply with a 10k load connected to VS /2. The input is a 5Vp-p sinusoid. Output voltage is approximately 4.98Vp-p. RAIL-TO-RAIL INPUT The input common-mode voltage range of the OPA340 series extends 500mV beyond the supply rails. This is achieved with a complementary input stage--an N-channel input differential pair in parallel with a P-channel differential pair (see Figure 2). The N-channel pair is active for input voltages close to the positive rail, typically (V+) -1.3V to 500mV above the positive supply, while the P-channel pair is on for inputs from 500mV below the negative supply to approximately (V+) -1.3V. There is a small transition region, typically (V+) -1.5V to (V+) -1.1V, in which both pairs are on. This 400mV transition region can vary 300mV with process variation. Thus, the transition region (both stages on) can range from (V+) -1.8V to (V+) -1.4V on the low end, up to (V+) -1.2V to (V+) -0.8V on the high end. VS = +5, G = +1, RL = 10k 5 2V/div VIN 5 VOUT 0 FIGURE 1. Rail-to-Rail Input and Output. V+ Reference Current VIN+ VIN- VBIAS1 VBIAS2 V- (Ground) FIGURE 2. Simplified Schematic. (R) OPA340/2340/4340 8 Class AB Control Circuitry VO OPA340 series op amps are laser-trimmed to the reduce offset voltage difference between the N-channel and P-channel input stages, resulting in improved commonmode rejection and a smooth transition between the N-channel pair and the P-channel pair. However, within the 400mV transition region PSRR, CMRR, offset voltage, offset drift, and THD may be degraded compared to operation outside this region. CAPACITIVE LOAD AND STABILITY OPA340 series op amps can drive a wide range of capacitive loads. However, all op amps under certain conditions may become unstable. Op amp configuration, gain, and load value are just a few of the factors to consider when determining stability. An op amp in unity gain configuration is the most susceptible to the effects of capacitive load. The capacitive load reacts with the op amp's output resistance, along with any additional load resistance, to create a pole in the small-signal response which degrades the phase margin. In unity gain, OPA340 series op amps perform well, with a pure capacitive load up to approximately 1000pF. Increasing gain enhances the amplifier's ability to drive more capacitance. See the typical performance curve "Small-Signal Overshoot vs Capacitive Load." A double-folded cascode adds the signal from the two input pairs and presents a differential signal to the class AB output stage. Normally, input bias current is approximately 200fA, however, input voltages exceeding the power supplies by more than 500mV can cause excessive current to flow in or out of the input pins. Momentary voltages greater than 500mV beyond the power supply can be tolerated if the current on the input pins is limited to 10mA. This is easily accomplished with an input resistor as shown in Figure 3. Many input signals are inherently current-limited to less than 10mA, therefore, a limiting resistor is not required. One method of improving capacitive load drive in the unity gain configuration is to insert a 10 to 20 resistor in series with the output, as shown in Figure 4. This significantly reduces ringing with large capacitive loads. However, if there is a resistive load in parallel with the capacitive load, it creates a voltage divider introducing a dc error at the output and slightly reduces output swing. This error may be insignificant. For instance, with RL = 10k and RS = 20, there is only about a 0.2% error at the output. V+ IOVERLOAD 10mA max DRIVING A/D CONVERTERS VOUT OPAx340 VIN OPA340 series op amps are optimized for driving medium speed (up to 100kHz) sampling A/D converters. However, they also offer excellent performance for higher speed converters. The OPA340 series provides an effective means of buffering the A/D's input capacitance and resulting charge injection while providing signal gain. 5k FIGURE 3. Input Current Protection for Voltages Exceeding the Supply Voltage. Figures 5 and 6 show the OPA340 driving an ADS7816. The ADS7816 is a 12-bit, micro-power sampling converter in the tiny MSOP-8 package. When used with the miniature package options of the OPA340 series, the combination is ideal for space-limited and low power applications. For further information consult the ADS7816 data sheet. RAIL-TO-RAIL OUTPUT A class AB output stage with common-source transistors is used to achieve rail-to-rail output. For light resistive loads (>50k), the output voltage is typically a few millivolts from the supply rails. With moderate resistive loads (2k to 50k), the output can swing to within a few tens of millivolts from the supply rails and maintain high open-loop gain. See the typical performanc curve "Output Voltage Swing vs Output Current." With the OPA340 in a noninverting configuration, an RC network at the amplifier's output can be used to filter high frequency noise in the signal (Figure 5). In the inverting configuration, filtering may be accomplished with a capacitor across the feedback resistor (Figure 6). V+ RS VOUT OPAx340 VIN 10 to 20 RL CL FIGURE 4. Series Resistor in Unity-Gain Configuration Improves Capacitive Load Drive. (R) 9 OPA340/2340/4340 +5V 0.1F 0.1F 1 VREF 8 V+ 500 DCLOCK +In OPA340 ADS7816 12-Bit A/D 2 VIN -In CS/SHDN 3 3300pF DOUT 7 6 5 Serial Interface GND 4 VIN = 0V to 5V for 0V to 5V output. NOTE: A/D Input = 0 to VREF RC network filters high frequency noise. FIGURE 5. OPA340 in Noninverting Configuration Driving ADS7816. +5V 330pF 0.1F 5k 0.1F 5k VIN 8 V+ 1 VREF DCLOCK +In OPA340 ADS7816 12-Bit A/D 2 -In DOUT CS/SHDN 3 7 6 5 Serial Interface GND 4 VIN = 0V to -5V for 0V to 5V output. NOTE: A/D Input = 0 to VREF FIGURE 6. OPA340 in Inverting Configuration Driving ADS7816. Filters 160Hz to 2.4kHz +5V 10M VIN 200pF 10M 1/2 OPA2340 243k 1.74M 47pF 1/2 OPA2340 RL 220pF FIGURE 7. Speech Bandpass Filter. (R) OPA340/2340/4340 10 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI's standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI's publication of information regarding any third party's products or services does not constitute TI's approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated