_______________General Description
The MAX860/MAX861 charge-pump voltage converters
invert input voltages ranging from +1.5V to +5.5V, or
double input voltages ranging from +2.5V to +5.5V.
Because of their high switching frequencies, these
devices use only two small, low-cost capacitors. Their
50mA output makes switching regulators unnecessary,
eliminating inductors and their associated cost, size,
and EMI. Greater than 90% efficiency over most of the
load-current range, combined with a typical operating
current of only 200µA (MAX860), provides ideal perfor-
mance for both battery-powered and board-level volt-
age-conversion applications.
A frequency-control (FC) pin provides three switching-
frequencies to optimize capacitor size and quiescent
current and to prevent interference with sensitive cir-
cuitry. Each device has a unique set of three available
frequencies. A shutdown (S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–) pin reduces current
consumption to less than 1µA. The MAX860/MAX861
are suitable for use in applications where the ICL7660
and MAX660's switching frequencies are too low. The
MAX860/MAX861 are available in 8-pin µMAX and
SO packages.
________________________Applications
Portable Computers
Medical Instruments
Interface Power Supplies
Hand-Held Instruments
Operational-Amplifier Power Supplies
____________________________Features
♦8-Pin, 1.11mm High µMAX Package
♦Invert or Double the Input Supply Voltage
♦Three Selectable Switching Frequencies
♦High Frequency Reduces Capacitor Size
♦87% Efficiency at 50mA
♦200µA Quiescent Current (MAX860)
♦1µA Shutdown Supply Current
♦600mV Voltage Drop at 50mA Load
♦12ΩOutput Resistance
______________Ordering Information
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
VDD
SHDN
LV
OUT
C1-
GND
C1+
FC
MAX860
MAX861
SO/µMAX
TOP VIEW
__________________Pin Configuration
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
FC
C1+
GND
C1- OUT
LV
SHDN
VDD
MAX860
MAX861
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
FC
C1+
GND
C1- OUT
LV
SHDN
VDD
MAX860
MAX861
INPUT
VOLTAGE
+1.5V TO +5.5V
INVERTED
NEGATIVE
OUTPUT
INPUT
VOLTAGE
+2.5V TO +5.5V
DOUBLED
POSITIVE
OUTPUT
10µF
10µF
10µF
10µF
C1
C1
C2
C2
VOLTAGE INVERTER
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER
__________Typical Operating Circuit
19-0239; Rev 2; 4/03
PART
MAX860ISA
MAX860IUA -25°C to +85°C
-25°C to +85°C
TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
8 SO
8 µMAX
*Dice are tested at TA= +25°C, DC parameters only.
†Contact factory for availability.
MAX860C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX860ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX860MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP†
MAX861ISA -25°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX861IUA -25°C to +85°C 8 µMAX
MAX861C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX861ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX861MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP†
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical Operating Circuit (Inverter), VDD = +5V, –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–= VDD, FC = LV = GND, C1 = C2 = 10µF (Note 2), TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless
otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Supply Voltage (VDD to GND or GND to OUT)...................+6.0V
Input Voltage Range (LV, FC, –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–) ...................(OUT - 0.3V)
to (VDD + 0.3V)
Continuous Output Current (OUT, VDD) .............................60mA
Output Short-Circuit to GND (Note 1).......................................1s
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C).........................471mW
µMAX (derate 4.10mW/°C above +70°C) ....................330mW
CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C).................640mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX86_I_A ......................................................-25°C to +85°C
MAX86_ESA.....................................................-40°C to +85°C
MAX86_MJA ..................................................-55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
IL= 10mA, VDD = 2V
RL= 1kΩ
IL= 50mA
VDD = 3V, VOUT more negative than -2.5V
VDD = 5V, VOUT more negative than -3.75V
MAX861M
MAX860M
MAX861I/E
MAX860I/E
CONDITIONS
Ω
20 35
ROUT
Output Resistance
(Note 4)
12 25
mAIOUT
Output Current
50 100
mA
6.5
IDD
No-Load Supply Current
(Note 3)
2.6
0.5
2.5 5.0
1.1 2.0
V
2.5 5.5
VDD
Supply Voltage 1.5 5.5
0.3 0.4
3.3
1.3
0.4
0.2 0.3
0.07
0.6 1.0
1.4 2.5
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
Inverter, LV = GND
Doubler, LV = OUT
FC = VDD = 5V
FC = OUT
FC = GND
FC = VDD = 3V
FC = VDD
FC = OUT
FC = GND
FC = VDD
FC = OUT
FC = GND
FC = VDD
FC = OUT
FC = GND
10 30
Note 1: OUT may be shorted to GND for 1sec without damage, but shorting OUT to VDD may damage the device and should be
avoided. Also, for temperatures above +85°C, OUT must not be shorted to GND or VDD, even instantaneously, or device
damage may result.
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(Typical Operating Circuit (Inverter), VDD = +5V, –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–= VDD, FC = LV = GND, C1 = C2 = 10µF (Note 2), TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless
otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
Note 2: C1 and C2 are low-ESR (<0.2Ω) aluminum electrolytics. Capacitor ESR adds to the circuit’s output resistance. Using
capacitors with higher ESR may reduce output voltage and efficiency.
Note 3: MAX860/MAX861 may draw high supply current during startup, up to the minimum operating supply voltage. To guaran-
tee proper startup, the input supply must be capable of delivering 90mA more than the maximum load current.
Note 4: Specified output resistance includes the effect of the 0.2ΩESR of the test circuit’s capacitors.
Note 5: The switches are driven directly at the oscillator frequency, without any division.
Note 6: At lowest frequencies, using 10µF capacitors gives worse efficiency figures than using the recommended capacitor
values in Table 3, due to larger 1 ⁄ (fsx C1) term in ROUT.
–
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–< 0.3V
MAX860
LV = GND
No load
MAX860/MAX861, FC = VDD,
IL= 50mA to GND, C1 = C2 = 68µF
MAX860,
FC = VDD
MAX861,
FC = VDD
MAX861
FC < 4V
CONDITIONS
µA
10
Shutdown Supply Current 1
V
0.3VIL
–
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–Threshold 1.2VIH
%99 99.9Voltage-Conversion Efficiency
%
87
Power Efficiency (Note 6)
88 92
93 96
80 130
30 50
36
90 93
93 96
813
60 100
kHz
160 250
fS
Switching Frequency
(Note 5)
µA-2 -4IFC
FC Current (from VDD)
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
No load, VOUT = -4V µs500Time to Exit Shutdown
FC = VDD
FC = GND
FC = OUT
FC = VDD
FC = GND
FC = OUT
RL= 2kΩfrom VDD
to OUT
RL= 1kΩfrom OUT
to GND
RL= 2kΩfrom VDD
to OUT
RL= 1kΩfrom OUT
to GND
MAX86_I/E
MAX86_M
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(All curves generated using the inverter circuit shown in the Typical Operating Circuits with LV = GND and TA= +25°C, unless other-
wise noted. Test results also valid for doubler mode with LV = OUT and TA= +25°C. All capacitor values used are those recom-
mended in Table 3, unless otherwise noted. The output resistance curves represent the resistance of the device itself, which is ROin
the equation for ROUT shown in the Capacitor Selection section.)
0.7
0
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP FROM
SUPPLY VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT
0.8
MAX860-01
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
VOUT DROP (V)
30
0.4
0.2
10 20 50
0.6
40
0.1
0.3
0.5
VDD = +1.5V
VDD = +2.5V
VDD = +3.5V
VDD = +4.5V, +5.0V
VDD = +5.5V
ALL FREQUENCIES
2
-14
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
-6
0
MAX860-02
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY CHANGE (%)
(FROM FREQUENCY MEASURED WITH VDD = +5V)
2.5 3.5
-2
-4
4.5 5.0 5.5
-8
-10
-12 ALL FREQUENCIES,
LV CONNECTED TO GND
(INVERTER) OR OUT (DOUBLER)
1.0
20
0
01 3 5
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (RO) vs.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
4
16
MAX860-03
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (Ω)
24
12
8
2
6
10
14
18
ALL FREQUENCIES
32
0
-60 -20 40 140
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (RO) vs.
TEMPERATURE
8
28
MAX860-04
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (Ω)
20 100
24
16
-40 0 60 80 120
20
12
4
VDD = +3V
VDD = +5V
VDD = +1.5V
ALL FREQUENCIES
0
0
MAX861 SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX860-07
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
100
200
300
500
123 456
400 DOUBLER, LV = OUT
INVERTER, LV = GND
FC = VDD
100
0
0.01 1 100
MAX860
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
20
MAX860-05
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
40
60
80
10
30
50
70
90
0.1 10
INVERTER
FC = VDD
VDD = +1.5V
VDD = +3V
VDD = +5V
0
0
MAX860 SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX860-06
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
100
200
300
500
123 456
400 DOUBLER, LV = OUT
INVERTER, LV = GND
(VDD > 3V)
FC = VDD
70
0
0.33
MAX860 OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE
HIGH-FREQUENCY MODE
MAX860-08
CAPACITANCE (µF)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
4.7
40
20
1 2.2 22
60
10
10
30
50 VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -3.5V
VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -4V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.4V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.7V
fOSC = 130kHz
FC = OUT
LV = GND
INVERTER MODE
80
70
0
0.33
MAX860 OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE
MEDIUM-FREQUENCY MODE
MAX860-09
CAPACITANCE (µF)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
4.7
40
20
1 2.2 22
60
10
10
30
50 VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -3.5V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.4V
VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -4V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.7V
fOSC = 50kHz
FC = GND
LV = GND
INVERTER MODE
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
90
70
80
0
0.33
MAX861
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE
HIGH-FREQUENCY MODE
MAX860-10
CAPACITANCE (µF)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
4.7
40
20
1 2.2 22
60
10
10
30
50
VIN = +4.5V,
VOUT = -3.5V
VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -4V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.4V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.7V
fOSC = 250kHz
FC = OUT
LV = GND
INVERTER MODE
80
70
0
0.33
MAX861
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE
MEDIUM-FREQUENCY MODE
MAX860-11
CAPACITANCE (µF)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
4.7
40
20
1 2.2 22
60
10
10
30
50
VIN = +4.5V,
VOUT = -3.5V
VIN = +3V,
VOUT = -2.4V
VIN = +4.5V,
VOUT = -4V
VIN = +3V, VOUT = -2.7V
fOSC = 100kHz
FC = GND
LV = GND
INVERTER MODE
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(All curves generated using the inverter circuit shown in the Typical Operating Circuits with LV = GND and TA= +25°C, unless other-
wise noted. Test results also valid for doubler mode with LV = OUT and TA= +25°C. All capacitor values used are those recom-
mended in Table 3, unless otherwise noted. The output resistance curves represent the resistance of the device itself, which is ROin
the equation for ROUT shown in the Capacitor Selection section.)
INVERTER DOUBLER
Doubled Positive Output
Flying-Capacitor Negative Terminal
Ground
Low-Voltage-Operation Input. Connect to OUT.
Active-Low Shutdown Input. Connect to GND pin if not
used. Connect to OUT to disable the charge pump.
Positive Input Supply
Flying-Capacitor Positive Terminal
Frequency Control, see Table 1
FUNCTION
Positive Input SupplyVDD
8
Flying-Capacitor Negative TerminalC1-4
Negative OutputOUT5
Low-Voltage-Operation Input. Connect to GND.LV6
Active-Low Shutdown Input. Connect to VDD if not
used. Connect to GND to disable the charge pump.
–
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–
7
GroundGND3
Flying-Capacitor Positive Terminal C1+2
Frequency Control, see Table 1FC1
NAMEPIN
_______________Detailed Description
The MAX860/MAX861 capacitive charge pumps either
invert or double the voltage applied to their inputs. For
highest performance, use low equivalent series resis-
tance (ESR) capacitors. See the Capacitor Selection
section for more details. The frequency-control (FC) pin
allows you to choose one of three switching frequen-
cies; these three selectable frequencies are different for
each device. When shut down, MAX860/MAX861 cur-
rent consumption reduces to less than 1µA.
Common Applications
Voltage Inverter
The most common application for these devices is a
charge-pump voltage inverter (see Typical Operating
Circuits). This application requires only two external com-
ponents—capacitors C1 and C2—plus a bypass capacitor
if necessary (see Bypass Capacitor section). Refer to the
Capacitor Selection section for suggested capacitor types
and values.
Even though the MAX860/MAX861’s output is not actively
regulated, it is fairly insensitive to load-current changes. A
circuit output source resistance of 12Ω(calculated using
the formula given in the Capacitor Selection section)
means that, with a +5V input, the output voltage is -5V
under no load and decreases to -4.4V with a 50mA load.
The MAX860/MAX861 output source resistance (used to
calculate the circuit output source resistance) vs. tempera-
ture and supply voltage are shown in the Typical
Operating Characteristics graphs.
Calculate the output ripple voltage using the formula
given in the Capacitor Selection section.
Positive Voltage Doubler
The MAX860/MAX861 can also operate as positive volt-
age doublers (see Typical Operating Circuits). This
application requires only two external components,
capacitors C1 and C2. The no-load output is twice the
input voltage. The electrical specifications in the doubler
mode are very similar to those of the inverter mode
except for the Supply Voltage Range (see Electrical
Characteristics table) and No-Load Supply Current (see
graph in Typical Operating Characteristics). The circuit
output source resistance and output ripple voltage are
calculated using the formulas in the Capacitor Selection
section.
Active-Low Shutdown Input
When driven low, the –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–input shuts down the
device. In inverter mode, connect –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–to VDD if it is
not used. In doubler mode, connect –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–to GND if it
is not used. When the device is shut down, all active
circuitry is turned off.
In the inverting configuration, loads connected from
OUT to GND are not powered in shutdown mode.
However, a reverse-current path exists through two
diodes between OUT and GND; therefore, loads con-
nected from VDD to OUT draw current from the input
supply.
In the doubling configuration, loads connected from the
VDD pin to the GND pin are not powered in shutdown
mode. Loads connected from the VDD pin to the OUT
pin draw current from the input supply through a path
similar to that of the inverting configuration (described
above).
Frequency Control
Charge-pump frequency for both devices can be set to
one of three values. Each device has a unique set of
three available frequencies, as indicated in Table 1.
The oscillator and charge-pump frequencies are the
same (i.e., the charge-pump frequency is not half the
oscillator frequency, as it is on the MAX660, MAX665,
and ICL7660).
*See the Electrical Characteristics for detailed switching-
frequency specifications.
A higher switching frequency minimizes capacitor size
for the same performance and increases the supply
current (Table 2). The lowest fundamental frequency of
the switching noise is equal to the minimum specified
switching frequency (e.g., 3kHz for the MAX860 with FC
open). The spectrum of noise frequencies extends
above this value because of harmonics in the switching
waveform. To get best noise performance, choose the
device and FC connection to select a minimum switch-
ing frequency that lies above your sensitive bandwidth.
Low-Voltage-Operation Input
LV should be connected to GND for inverting operation.
To enhance compatibility with the MAX660, MAX665, and
ICL7660, you may float LV if the input voltage exceeds 3V.
In doubling mode, LV must be connected to OUT for all
input voltages.
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
FREQUENCY (kHz)
FC CONNECTION
MAX860 MAX861
FC = VDD or open 613
FC = GND 50 100
FC = OUT 130 250
Table 1. Nominal Switching Frequencies*
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
__________Applications Information
Capacitor Selection
The MAX860/MAX861 are tested using 10µF capacitors
for both C1 and C2, although smaller or larger values
can be used (Table 3). Smaller C1 values increase the
output resistance; larger values reduce the output
resistance. Above a certain point, increasing the
capacitance of C1 has a negligible effect (because the
output resistance becomes dominated by the internal
switch resistance and the capacitor ESR). Low-ESR
capacitors provide the lowest output resistance and
ripple voltage. The output resistance of the entire circuit
(inverter or doubler) is approximately:
ROUT = RO+ 4 x ESRC1 + ESRC2 + 1 / (fSx C1)
where RO(the effective resistance of the MAX860/
MAX861’s internal switches) is approximately 8Ωand fS
is the switching frequency. ROUT is typically 12Ωwhen
using capacitors with 0.2ΩESR and fS, C1, and C2 val-
ues suggested in Table 3. When C1 and C2 are so
large (or the switching frequency is so high) that the
internal switch resistance dominates the output resis-
tance, estimate the output resistance as follows:
ROUT = RO+ 4 x ESRC1 + ESRC2
A typical design procedure is as follows:
1) Choose C1 and C2 to be the same, for convenience.
2) Select fS:
a) If you want to avoid a specific noise frequency,
choose fSappropriately.
b) If you want to minimize capacitor cost and size,
choose a high fS.
c) If you want to minimize current consumption,
choose a low fS.
3) Choose a capacitor based on Table 3, although
higher or lower values can be used to optimize per-
formance. Table 4 lists manufacturers who provide
low-ESR capacitors.
*In addition to Table 3, four graphs in the Typical
Operating Characteristics section show typical output
current for C1 and C2 capacitances ranging from
0.33µF to 22µF. Output current is plotted for inputs of
4.5V (5V - 10%) and 3.0V (3.3V - 10%), and also for
10% and 20% output droop from the ideal -VIN value.
ATTRIBUTE LOWER
FREQUENCY
HIGHER
FREQUENCY
Output Ripple Larger Smaller
C1, C2 Values Larger Smaller
Supply Current Smaller Larger
C1, C2 (µF)NOMINAL FREQUENCY (kHz)
668
13 47
50 10
100 4.7
130 4.7
250 2.2
Table 2. Switching-Frequency Trade-Offs
Table 3. Suggested Capacitor Values*
Table 4. Low-ESR Capacitor Manufacturers
MANUFACTURER–Series PHONE FAX COMMENTS
AVX TPS Series (803) 946-0629 (803) 626-3123 Low-ESR tantalum, SMT
AVX TAG Series (803) 946-0629 (803) 626-3123 Low-cost tantalum, SMT
Matsuo 267 Series (714) 969-2491 (714) 960-6492 Low-cost tantalum, SMT
Sprague 595 Series (603) 224-1961 (613) 224-1430 Low-ESR tantalum, SMT
Sanyo MV-GX Series (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-1055 Aluminum electrolytic, through hole
Sanyo CV-GX Series (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-1055 Aluminum electrolytic, SMT
Nichicon PL Series (847) 843-7500 (847) 843-2798 Aluminum electrolytic, through hole
United Chemicon (Marcon) (847) 696-2000 (847) 696-9278 Ceramic SMT
TDK (847) 390-4461 (847) 390-4405 Ceramic SMT
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX860
MAX861
“n”
MAX860
MAX861
“1”
8
7
5VOUT
C2
8
7
+VIN
C1C1
22
33
445
VOUT = -VIN
ROUT = ROUT OF SINGLE DEVICE
NUMBER OF DEVICES
…
…
Figure 2. Paralleling MAX860s or MAX861s to Reduce Output
Resistance
MAX860
MAX861
“n”
MAX860
MAX861
“1”
8
7
5VOUT
C2
8
7
+VIN
C1
C2
C1
22
33
445
VOUT = -nVIN
…
…
Figure 1. Cascading MAX860s or MAX861s to Increase
Output Voltage
Flying Capacitor, C1
Increasing the size of the flying capacitor reduces the
output resistance.
Output Capacitor, C2
Increasing the size of the output capacitor reduces the
output ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both
output resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance val-
ues can be used if one of the higher switching frequen-
cies is selected, if less than the maximum rated output
current (50mA) is required, or if higher ripple can be
tolerated. The following equation for peak-to-peak rip-
ple applies to both the inverter and doubler circuits.
IOUT
VRIPPLE = ———————— + 2 x IOUT x ESRC2
2 x fSx C2
Bypass Capacitor
Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its AC impedance
and the impact of the MAX860/MAX861’s switching
noise. The recommended bypassing depends on the cir-
cuit configuration and where the load is connected.
When the inverter is loaded from OUT to GND or the
doubler is loaded from VDD to GND, current from the
supply switches between 2 x IOUT and zero. Therefore,
use a large bypass capacitor (e.g., equal to the value
of C1) if the supply has a high AC impedance.
When the inverter and doubler are loaded from VDD to
OUT, the circuit draws 2 x IOUT constantly, except for
short switching spikes. A 0.1µF bypass capacitor is
sufficient.
Cascading Devices
Two devices can be cascaded to produce an even
larger negative voltage, as shown in Figure 1. The
unloaded output voltage is nominally -2 x VIN, but this is
reduced slightly by the output resistance of the first
device multiplied by the quiescent current of the sec-
ond. The output resistance of the complete circuit is
approximately five times the output resistance of a sin-
gle MAX860/MAX861.
Three or more devices can be cascaded in this way,
but output resistance rises dramatically, and a better
solution is offered by inductive switching regulators
(such as the MAX755, MAX759, MAX764, or MAX774).
Connect LV as with a standard inverter circuit (see Pin
Description).
The maximum load current and startup current of nth
cascaded circuit must not exceed the maximum output
current capability of (n-1)th circuit to ensure proper
startup.
Paralleling Devices
Paralleling multiple MAX860s or MAX861s reduces the
output resistance. As illustrated in Figure 2, each
device requires its own pump capacitor (C1), but the
reservoir capacitor (C2) serves all devices. C2’s value
should be increased by a factor of n, where n is the
number of devices. Figure 2 shows the equation for cal-
culating output resistance. An alternative solution is to
use the MAX660 or MAX665, which are capable of sup-
plying up to 100mA of load current. Connect LV as with
a standard inverter circuit (see Pin Description).
Combined Doubler/Inverter
In the circuit of Figure 3, capacitors C1 and C2 form the
inverter, while C3 and C4 form the doubler. C1 and C3
are the pump capacitors; C2 and C4 are the reservoir
capacitors. Because both the inverter and doubler use
part of the charge-pump circuit, loading either output
causes both outputs to decline towards GND. Make
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
sure the sum of the currents drawn from the two out-
puts does not exceed 60mA. Connect LV as with a
standard inverter circuit (see Pin Description).
Compatibility with
MAX660/MAX665/ICL7660
The MAX860/MAX861 can be used in sockets
designed for the MAX660, MAX665, and ICL7660 with
a minimum of one wiring change. This section gives
advice on installing a MAX860/MAX861 into a socket
designed for one of the earlier devices.
The MAX660, MAX665, and ICL7660 have an OSC pin
instead of –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–. MAX660, MAX665, and ICL7660 nor-
mal operation is with OSC floating (although OSC can
be overdriven). If OSC is floating, pin 7 (–
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–) should
be jumpered to VDD to enable the MAX860/MAX861
permanently. Do not leave –
S
—
H
—
D
—
N
–on the MAX860/
MAX861 floating.
The MAX860/MAX861 operate with FC either floating or
connected to VDD, OUT, or GND; each connection
defines the oscillator frequency. Thus, any of the nor-
mal MAX660, MAX665, or ICL7660 connections to pin 1
will work with the MAX860/MAX861, without modifica-
tions. Changes to the FC connection are only required
if you want to adjust the operating frequency.
MAX860
MAX861
8
7
5
VOUT = (2VIN) -
(VFD1) - (VFD2)
C2
+VIN
C1
2
3
4VOUT = -VIN
C4
D1
D1, D2 = 1N4148
C3
D2
Figure 3. Combined Doubler and Inverter
PART
NUMBER
OUTPUT
CURRENT
(mA)
OUTPUT
RESISTANCE
(Ω)
SWITCHING
FREQUENCY
(kHz)
MAX660 100 6.5 5/40
MAX665 100 6.5 5/40
MAX860 50 12 6/50/130
MAX861 50 12 13/100/250
ICL7660 10 55 5
Table 5. Product Selection Guide
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 101
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO VDD
VDD
SHDN
OUT
LV
FC
C1+
GND
C1-
0.084"
(2.13mm)
0.058"
(1.47mm)
___________________Chip Topography
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
CDIPS.EPS
SOICN .EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, .150" SOIC
1
1
21-0041 B
REV.DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.APPROVAL
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TITLE:
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
MAX
0.010
0.069
0.019
0.157
0.010
INCHES
0.150
0.007
E
C
DIM
0.014
0.004
B
A1
MIN
0.053A
0.19
3.80 4.00
0.25
MILLIMETERS
0.10
0.35
1.35
MIN
0.49
0.25
MAX
1.75
0.050
0.016L0.40 1.27
0.3940.386D
D
MINDIM
D
INCHES
MAX
9.80 10.00
MILLIMETERS
MIN MAX
16 AC
0.337 0.344 AB8.758.55 14
0.189 0.197 AA5.004.80 8
N MS012
N
SIDE VIEW
H 0.2440.228 5.80 6.20
e 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC
C
HE
eBA1
A
D
0∞-8∞
L
1
VARIATIONS:
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
11 __________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
© 2003 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
MAX860/MAX861
50mA, Frequency-Selectable,
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters
8LUMAXD.EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 8L uMAX/uSOP
1
1
21-0036 J
REV.DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.APPROVAL
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TITLE:
MAX
0.043
0.006
0.014
0.120
0.120
0.198
0.026
0.007
0.037
0.0207 BSC
0.0256 BSC
A2 A1
c
eb
A
L
FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW
E H
0.6±0.1
0.6±0.1
ÿ 0.50±0.1
1
TOP VIEW
D
8
A2 0.030
BOTTOM VIEW
16∞
S
b
L
H
E
D
e
c
0∞
0.010
0.116
0.116
0.188
0.016
0.005
8
4X S
INCHES
-
A1
A
MIN
0.002
0.950.75
0.5250 BSC
0.25 0.36
2.95 3.05
2.95 3.05
4.78
0.41
0.65 BSC
5.03
0.66
6∞0∞
0.13 0.18
MAX
MIN
MILLIMETERS
-1.10
0.05 0.15
α
α
DIM
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
