________________General Description
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 dual/quad/single, high-
speed, low-power comparators are optimized for
+3V/+5V single-supply applications. They achieve a
20ns propagation delay while consuming only 225µA
supply current per comparator. The MAX998 features a
low-power shutdown mode that places the output in a
high-impedance state and reduces supply current
to 1nA.
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 inputs have a common-
mode voltage range that extends 200mV below ground.
Their outputs are capable of rail-to-rail operation with-
out external pullup circuitry, making these devices ideal
for interface with CMOS/TTL logic. All inputs and out-
puts can tolerate a continuous short-circuit fault condi-
tion to either rail. The comparators’ internal hysteresis
ensures clean output switching, even with slow-moving
input signals.
For space-critical applications, the single MAX998 is
available in a 6-pin SOT23 package, the dual MAX976
is available in an 8-pin µMAX®package, and the quad
MAX978 is available in a 16-pin QSOP package.
________________________Applications
Battery-Powered Systems
Threshold Detectors/Discriminators
3V Systems
IR Receivers
Digital Line Receivers
____________________________Features
Single-Supply Operation Down to 2.7V
20ns Propagation Delay
225µA Supply Current
1nA Shutdown Supply Current
Rail-to-Rail Outputs
Ground-Sensing Inputs
Internal Hysteresis Ensures Clean Switching
Available in Space-Saving Packages
SOT23 (MAX998)
µMAX (MAX976)
QSOP (MAX978)
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
TOP VIEW
GND
IN-IN+
16VCC
5SHDN
OUT MAX998
SOT23
2
34
+-
__________________Pin Configurations
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
RD
SHDN
R1 R2
IR RECEIVER
OUT
0.1μF
MAX998
VCC
GND
___________Typical Operating Circuit
19-1299; Rev 3; 3/09
PART*
MAX976ESA
MAX976EUA
MAX978ESE 16 Narrow SO
8 µMAX
8 SO
PIN-PACKAGE SOT
TOP MARK
_______________Ordering Information
Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet
µMAX a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX978EEE
MAX998ESA
MAX998EUT-T 6 SOT23
8 SO
16 QSOP
AAAO
*All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C temper-
ature range.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
mV
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +2.7V to +5.5V, VCM = 0V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Supply Voltage (VCC).............................................................+6V
SHDN (MAX998) .........................................................-0.3V to 6V
All Other Pins..............................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V)
Current into Input Pins ......................................................±20mA
Duration of Output Short Circuit to GND or VCC ........Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
6-Pin SOT23-6 (derate 7.1mW/°C above +70°C) .........571mW
8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.10mW/°C above +70°C) ............330mW
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C).................471mW
16-Pin Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C) ..696mW
16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C)..........667mW
Operating Temperature Range ..........................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
VCC = 5.5V
MAX998 only, SHDN = GND
ISINK = 2mA
VCC = 5.5V
Inferred from PSRR test
VCC = 5V (Note 4)
2.7V < VCC < 5.5V
CONDITIONS
mA
90
OUT Short-Circuit Current 74
ISH
V0.1 0.4VOL
OUT Output-Voltage Low
nA±5 ±100IOS
Input Offset Current
mVVHYS 0.5 1.5 4.0
Input-Referred Hysteresis
nA1 500ISD
Shutdown Supply Current
300 650
V2.7 5.5VCC
Supply Voltage Range
dB63 100PSRRPower-Supply Rejection Ratio
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
CLOAD =10pF (Note 6) ns2tSKEW
Propagation-Delay Skew
MAX976/MAX978 only ns1ΔtPD
Propagation-Delay Matching
Between Channels
Sinking
Sourcing
Overdrive = 50mV ns
20 40
tPD
Propagation Delay
ISOURCE = 2mA, VCC - VOH V0.1 0.4VOH
OUT Output-Voltage High
(Note 2) V-0.2 VCC - 1.2VCMR
Common-Mode Voltage Range
-0.2V VCM (VCC - 1.2V) dB66 95CMRRCommon-Mode Rejection Ratio
VCC = 5V (Note 3) mV
0.2 ±2
VOS
Input Offset Voltage TA= +25°C
TA= TMIN to TMAX ±3
pFInput Capacitance 3CIN
28
CLOAD =10pF,
VCC = 5V (Note 5)
Overdrive = 5mV
MAX998 only V
SHDN Input-Voltage High 0.65 x VCC
VIH
MAX998 only V
SHDN Input-Voltage Low 0.2 x VCC
VIL
MAX998 only, SHDN = GND,
VOUT = 0V to VCC nAOUT Leakage Current 1 200IOUT
MAX998 only nA
SHDN Input Current 1 200ISHDN
CLOAD =10pF ns1.6tR/tF
Output Rise/Fall Time
MAX998 only, VCC = 5V, ICC = 10% of typical µs5tSD
Shutdown Delay Time
VCC = 2.7V µA
225
ICC
Supply Current per Comparator
0.3 1.5 5.0
nAIB75 300Input Bias Current
All others
MAX976EUA, MAX998EUT
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = +2.7V to +5.5V, VCM = 0V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Note 1: The MAX998EUT specifications are 100% tested at TA= +25°C. Limits over the extended temperature range are guaran-
teed by design, not production tested.
Note 2: Inferred from CMRR test. Either input can be driven to the absolute maximum limit without false output inversion, as long as
the other input is within the common-mode voltage range.
Note 3: VOS is defined as the mean of trip points. The trip points are the extremities of the differential input voltage required to make
the comparator output change state (Figure 1).
Note 4: The difference between the upper and lower trip points is equal to the width of the input-referred hysteresis zone (Figure 1).
Note 5: Propagation Delay is guaranteed by design. For low overdrive conditions, VTRIP (Figure 1) is added to the overdrive.
Note 6: Propagation-Delay Skew is the difference between the positive-going and the negative-going propagation delay.
Note 7: For design purposes, the tEN can be as high as 60µs.
CONDITIONS
MAX998 only, VCC = 5V, ICC = 90% of typical
(Note 7) µs15tEN
Wake-Up from Shutdown
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
VCC = 0V to 5V step, output valid µs3tPU
Power-Up Delay
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = +5V, VCM = 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
125
175
275
225
325
375
-60 -20 0-40 20406080100
SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX976 TOC01
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (μA)
VCC = 5.5V,
VOUT = LOW
VCC = 5.5V,
VOUT = HIGH
VCC = 2.7V,
VOUT = HIGH
VCC = 2.7V,
VOUT = LOW
10
30
20
50
40
70
60
80
100
90
110
-60 -20 0-40 20 40 60 80 100
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAZX976 TOC2
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VCC = 5.5V, SOURCING
VCC = 2.7V, SOURCING
VCC = 5.5V, SINKING
VCC = 2.7V, SINKING
1.6
0
0.1 1 10 100
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
MAX976 TOC03
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V)
VCC = 5.5V
VCC = 2.7V
6
0
0.1 1 10 100
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT
2
3
1
4
5
MAX976 TOC04
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V)
VCC = 5.5V
VCC = 2.7V
17
19
18
21
20
22
24
23
25
26
27
-60 -20 0-40 20406080100
PROPAGATION DELAY
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAZX976 TOC5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)
VCC = 5.5V
VCC = 2.7V
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF
40
10
10 100 1000
PROPAGATION DELAY
vs. CAPACITIVE LOAD
MAX976 TOC06
CAPACITIVE LOAD (pF)
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)
15
25
20
30
35
VOD = 50mV
VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD+, VCC = 5V)
VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC13
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF
10MHz RESPONSE
INPUT
50mV/div
20ns/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
VOS
VCC
GND
MAX976 TOC15
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VCM = 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
90
80
0
1 10 100
PROPAGATION DELAY
vs. INPUT OVERDRIVE
MAX976 TOC07
INPUT OVERDRIVE (mV)
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)
10
30
20
50
40
70
60
CLOAD = 15pF
100
-1 234501 6
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
0.01
MAX976 TOC10
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
0.1
1
10
VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V
-2.0
-1.0
-1.5
0
-0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
-60 -20 0-40 20 40 60 80 100
TRIP POINTS AND OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX976 TOC08
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TRIP POINTS/OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
VTRIP+
VTRIP-
VOS
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-60 -20-40 0 20 40 60 80 100
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX976 TOC09
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 5.5V
VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD+, VCC = 3V)
VOUT
1V/div
MAX976 TOC11
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF
VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD-, VCC = 3V)
VOUT
1V/div
MAX976 TOC12
CLOAD = 15pF
VOD = 50mV
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
MAX978
33
MAX976
IN_+
24 IN_- Comparator Inverting Input2, 4, 6, 82, 4
42 GND
61 OUT_ Comparator Output
10, 11,
14, 15
6, 7
NAME
Ground9, 135
Comparator Noninverting Input1, 3, 5, 71, 3
76 VCC Supply Voltage, +2.7V to +5.5V12, 168
1, 5 N.C.
85 SHDN Shutdown Input. Drive low for shutdown mode. Drive high or con-
nect to VCC for normal operation.
No Connection. Not internally connected.
FUNCTION
MAX998
PIN
SOT23-6 SOSO/µMAX SO/QSOP
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
__________________Detailed Description
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 dual/quad/single com-
parators operate from a single +2.7V to +5.5V supply.
They achieve a 20ns propagation delay while consum-
ing only 225µA of supply current per comparator. The
MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode that
places the output in a high-impedance state and
reduces supply current to 1nA. Activate shutdown
mode by driving SHDN low.
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 comparator inputs have
a common-mode voltage range of -0.2V to (VCC - 1.2V).
Either input can be driven to the Absolute Maximum
Ratings limit without false output inversion, as long as
the other input is within the Common-Mode Voltage
Range. Their push/pull output structure is capable of
rail-to-rail operation without external pull-up circuitry,
making these devices ideal for interfacing with
CMOS/TTL logic. All inputs and outputs can tolerate a
continuous short-circuit fault condition to either supply.
The comparator’s internal hysteresis ensures clean out-
put switching, even with slow-moving input signals.
______________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VCM = 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHDN
2V/div
200ns/div
SHUTDOWN DELAY TIME
VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC16
VIN+ > VIN-
SHDN
2V/div
5μs/div
WAKE-UP FROM SHUTDOWN
VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC17
VIN+ > VIN-
Hysteresis
High-speed comparators can oscillate in the linear
operating region because of noise or undesired para-
sitic feedback. This tends to occur when the voltage on
one input is equal to or very close to the voltage on the
other input. The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 have inter-
nal hysteresis to counter parasitic effects and noise.
The hysteresis in a comparator creates two trip points:
one for the rising input voltage and one for the falling
input voltage (Figure 1). The difference between the trip
points is the hysteresis. When the comparator input
voltages are equal, the hysteresis effectively causes
one comparator input voltage to move quickly past the
other, taking the input out of the region where oscilla-
tion occurs.
Figure 1 illustrates the case where IN- has a fixed volt-
age applied and IN+ is varied. If the inputs were
reversed, the figure would be the same, except with an
inverted output.
Input-Stage Circuitry
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 input common-mode
voltage range is from -0.2V to (VCC - 1.2V). The voltage
range for each comparator input extends to both VCC
and GND. The output remains in the correct logic state
while one or both of the inputs are within the common-
mode range. If both input levels are out of the common-
mode range, input-stage current saturation occurs, and
the output becomes unpredictable.
Shutdown Mode
The MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode,
which is activated by forcing SHDN low. Shutdown
mode reduces the supply current to 1nA (typical), dis-
ables the comparator, and places the output in a high-
impedance state. Drive SHDN high to enable the
comparator. Do not leave SHDN unconnected. Since it
is a high-impedance input, leaving SHDN unconnected
could result in indeterminate logic levels, adversely
affecting comparator operation. Likewise, do not three-
state SHDN. Due to the output leakage currents of
three-state devices and the small internal current for
SHDN, three-stating this pin could also result in indeter-
minate logic levels.
The maximum input voltage for SHDN is 6V, referred to
GND, and is not limited by VCC. This allows the use of
5V logic to drive SHDN while VCC operates at a lower
voltage, such as 3V. The logic threshold limits for
SHDN are proportional to VCC (see Electrical
Characteristics).
_____________Applications Information
Circuit Layout and Bypassing
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 have a high-gain band-
width and require careful board layout. We recommend
the following design guidelines:
1) Use a printed circuit board with an unbroken, low-
inductance ground plane. Surface-mount compo-
nents are recommended.
2) Place a decoupling capacitor (a 0.1µF ceramic
capacitor is a good choice) between VCC and
ground as close to the pins as possible.
3) Keep lead lengths short on the inputs and outputs
to avoid unwanted parasitic feedback around the
comparators.
4) Solder the devices directly to the printed circuit
board instead of using a socket.
5) Minimize input impedance.
6) For slowly varying inputs, use a small capacitor
(~1000pF) across the inputs to improve stability.
Additional Hysteresis
Generate additional hysteresis with three resistors
using positive feedback, as shown in Figure 2. This
positive feedback method slows the hysteresis
response time. Calculate resistor values as follows:
1) Select R3. The leakage current of IN+ is typically
75nA, so the current through R3 should be at least
1.0µA to minimize errors caused by leakage current.
The current through R3 at the trip point is (VREF -
VOUT) / R3. Consider the two possible output states
when solving for R3. The two formulas are:
R3 = VREF / 1.0µA
or
R3 = (VCC - VREF) / 1.0µA
Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values.
For example, if VREF = 1.2V and VCC = 5.0V, the two
resistor values are 1.2MΩand 3.8MΩ. Choose a
standard value for R3 of 1.2MΩ.
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
VOL
VOH
VIN- = 0
VOS =VTRIP+ + VTRIP-
2
COMPARATOR
OUTPUT
VTRIP+
VIN+
VHYST
VTRIP-
Figure 1. Input and Output Waveforms, Noninverting Input
Varied
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
2) Choose the hysteresis band required (VHB). For this
example, choose 100mV.
3) Calculate R1. R1 = R3 x (VHB / VCC). Plugging in the
values for this example,
R1 = 1.2MΩx (100mV / 5.0V) = 24kΩ
4) Choose the trip point for VIN rising. This is the
threshold voltage at which the comparator switches
from low to high as VIN rises above the trip point. In
this example, choose 3.0V.
5) Calculate R2 as follows:
Choose a standard value for R2 of 16kΩ.
6) Verify the trip voltage and hysteresis as follows:
IR Receiver
The Typical Operating Circuit shows an application using
the MAX998 as an infrared receiver. The infrared photo-
diode creates a current relative to the amount of infrared
light present. This current creates a voltage across RD.
When this voltage level crosses the voltage applied by the
voltage divider to the inverting input, the output transitions.
Window Comparator
The MAX976 is ideal for making a window detector
(undervoltage/overvoltage detector). The schematic
shown in Figure 3 uses a MAX6120 reference and com-
ponent values selected for a 2.0V undervoltage thresh-
old and a 2.5V overvoltage threshold. Choose different
thresholds by changing the values of R1, R2, and R3.
OUTA provides an active-low undervoltage indication,
and OUTB gives an active-low overvoltage indication.
ANDing the two outputs provides an active-high,
power-good signal. The design procedure is as follows:
1) Select R1. The leakage current into INB- is normally
75nA, so the current through R1 should exceed
1.0µA for the thresholds to be accurate. R1 values in
the 50kΩto 100kΩrange are typical.
2) Choose the overvoltage threshold (VOTH) when VIN
is rising, and calculate R2 and R3 with the following
formula:
RSUM = R2 + R3 = R1 x [VOTH / (VREF + VH) - 1]
where VH= 1/2VHYST.
3) Choose the undervoltage threshold (VUTH) when VIN
is falling, and calculate R2 with the following formula:
R2 = (R1 + RSUM) x [(VREF - VH) / VUTH] - R1
where VH= 1/2VHYST.
4) Calculate R3 with the following formula:
R3 = (RSUM) - R2
5) Verify the resistor values. The equations are as follows:
VOTH = (VREF + VH) x (R1 + R2 + R3) / R1
VUTH = (VREF - VH) x (R1 + R2 + R3) / (R1 + R2)
V rising: V = V x R1 x 1
R1
V falling
IN THR REF
IN
:
++
=−
=−
1
2
1
3
1
3
RR
VV RxV
R
Hysteresis V V
THF THR CC
THR THF
R2 = 1
V
V x R1 1
R1
1
R3
R2 = 1
3.0V
1.2 x 24k 1
24k 1
1.2M
16.2k
THR
REF
−−
−−
=
ΩΩ
Ω
VCC
MAX976
MAX978
MAX998
OUT
0.1μF
R3
R1
R2
VREF
GND
VIN
VCC
Figure 2. Additional Hysteresis
3
1
34
R3
82.1kΩ
1%
VCC
VIN
R2
24.9kΩ
1%
R1
100kΩ
1%
2
6OVERVOLTAGE
UNDERVOLTAGE
POWER GOOD
1/2
MAX976
MAX6120
1
2
VCC
8
7
5
0.1μF
1/2
MAX976
Figure 3. Window Comparator
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________Pin Configurations (continued)
MAX976
TOP VIEW
+
-
+
-
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
INA+ VCC
OUTA
OUTB
GND
VCC
OUTC
OUTD
GND
SO/QSOP
INA-
INB+
INC-
INB-
INC+
IND+
IND-
MAX978
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
OUT
N.C.GND
1
2
8
7
SHDN
VCC
IN-
IN+
N.C.
SO
3
4
6
5
MAX998
-
+OUTB
GNDINB-
1
2
8
7
VCC
OUTAINA-
INB+
INA+
SO/μMAX
3
4
6
5
___________________Chip Information
PROCESS: CMOS
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
6LSOT.EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT 6L BODY
21-0058
2
1
I
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.
PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO.
8 SO S8-2 21-0041
16 SO S16M-3 21-0041
16 QSOP E16M-1 21-0055
6 SOT23 U6-2 21-0058
8 µMAX U8-1 21-0036
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT 6L BODY
21-0058
2
2
I
Package Information (continued)
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 11
© 2009 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES
CHANGED
0 10/97 Initial release
1 1/98 Adding specs for MAX998
2 1/07 Adding input current ratings to Abs Max
3 3/09 Update Chip Information, Package Info, correct unit measurement in TOC 8, style
changes 1, 3, 4, 8