SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNICAL DATA
THREE–TERMINAL
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Order this document by LM317/D
Device Operating
Temperature Range Package
T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A
ORDERING INFORMATION
LM317BT
LM317BD2T
Insertion Mount
Surface Mount
LM317T
LM317D2T TJ = 0° to +125°CInsertion Mount
Surface Mount
TJ = –40° to +125°C
Pin 1. Adjust
2. Vout
3. Vin
3
12
D2T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 936
(D2PAK)
Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in
case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2.
3
12
Heatsink surface
connected to Pin 2.
1
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
The LM317 is an adjustable 3–terminal positive voltage regulator capable
of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V.
This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two
external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal
current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it
essentially blow–out proof.
The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on card
regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable output
regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and
output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current regulator.
•Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A
•Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V
•Internal Thermal Overload Protection
•Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature
•Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation
•Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications
•Available in Surface Mount D2PAK, and Standard 3–Lead Transistor
Package
•Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages
Standard Application
**C
in is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter.
** CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response.
Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100
µ
A, the error associated with this term is
negligible in most applications.
Vout
+
1.25 V
ǒ
1
)
R2
R1
Ǔ)
IAdj R2
LM317
Vin Vout
R1
240
R2
Adjust
IAdj
Cin*
0.1
µ
F+CO**
1.0
µ
F
Motorola, Inc. 1996 Rev 1
LM317
2 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating Symbol Value Unit
Input–Output Voltage Differential VI–VO40 Vdc
Power Dissipation
Case 221A
TA = +25°C PDInternally Limited W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient θJA 65 °C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case θJC 5.0 °C/W
Case 936 (D2PAK)
TA = +25°C PDInternally Limited W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient θJA 70 °C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case θJC 5.0 °C/W
Operating Junction Temperature Range TJ–40 to +125 °C
Storage Temperature Range Tstg –65 to +150 °C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI–VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.5 A for D2T and T packages; TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1]; Imax and Pmax
[Note 2]; unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristics Figure Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 1 Regline –0.01 0.04 %/V
Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax
VO ≤ 5.0 V
VO ≥ 5.0 V
2 Regload –
–5.0
0.1 25
0.5 mV
% VO
Thermal Regulation, TA = +25°C (Note 6), 20 ms Pulse Regtherm –0.03 0.07 % VO/W
Adjustment Pin Current 3 IAdj –50 100 µA
Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V,
10 mA ≤ IL ≤ Imax, PD ≤ Pmax 1, 2 ∆IAdj –0.2 5.0 µA
Reference Voltage, 3.0 V ≤VI–VO ≤ 40 V,
10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax, PD ≤ Pmax 3 Vref 1.2 1.25 1.3 V
Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V ≤VI–VO ≤ 40 V 1 Regline –0.02 0.07 % V
Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA ≤IO ≤Imax
VO ≤5.0 V
VO ≥ 5.0 V
2 Regload –
–20
0.3 70
1.5 mV
% VO
Temperature Stability (Tlow ≤TJ ≤Thigh) 3 TS–0.7 – % VO
Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI–VO = 40 V) 3 ILmin –3.5 10 mA
Maximum Output Current
VI–VO ≤ 15 V, PD ≤ Pmax, T Package
VI–VO = 40 V, PD ≤Pmax, TA = +25°C, T Package
3 Imax 1.5
0.15 2.2
0.4 –
–
A
RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25°C, 10 Hz ≤f ≤10 kHz N – 0.003 – % VO
Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4)
Without CAdj
CAdj = 10 µF
4RR –
66 65
80 –
–
dB
Long–Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5), TA = +25°C for
Endpoint Measurements 3 S – 0.3 1.0 %/1.0 k
Hrs.
Thermal Resistance Junction to Case, T Package RθJC –5.0 – °C/W
NOTES: 1.Tlow to Thigh = 0° to +125°C, for LM317T, D2T. Tlow to Thigh = –40° to +125°C, for LM317BT, BD2T.
2.Imax = 1.5 A, Pmax = 20 W
3.Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately.
Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
4.CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground.
5.Since Long–Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability
from lot to lot.
6.Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die. These
effects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the ef fect of these temperature gradients
on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time.
LM317
3
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Representative Schematic Diagram
This device contains 29 active transistors.
31
0310 230 120 5.6k Vin
170
6.3V
160
12k
5.0pF
6.8k 13k
6.3V
105
4.0
0.1
Vout
Adjust
12.5k
2.4k
30
pF
30
pF
6.3V
125k
135
190
12.4k
3.6k 5.8k 110 5.1k
6.7k
510 200
Figure 1. Line Regulation and ∆IAdj/Line Test Circuit
* Pulse testing required.
*1% Duty Cycle
*is suggested.
*
VCC
VIH
VIL
Vin Vout
RL
+1.0
µ
FCO
240
1%
R1
Adjust
R2
1%
Cin 0.1
µ
FIAdj
LM317
Line Regulation (%
ń
V)
+
|VOH–VOL|
|VOL|x 100 VOH
VOL
LM317
4 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Figure 2. Load Regulation and ∆IAdj/Load Test Circuit
Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit
Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit
VO
LM317
VO (min Load) – VO (max Load)
* Pulse testing required.
*1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) – VO (max Load) Load Regulation (% VO) = x 100
VO (min Load)
VO (max Load)
Cin 0.1
µ
F
Adjust
R2
1%
CO1.0
µ
F
+*
RL
(max Load) RL
(min Load)
Vout
R1240
1%
VIVin
IAdj
IL
* Pulse testing required.
* 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
Vin Vout
Adjust R1240
1% +1.0
µ
FCO
RL
Cin
R2
1%
To Calculate R2: V out = ISET R2 + 1.250 V
To Calculate R2: Assume ISET = 5.25 mA
IL
IAdj
ISET
Vref
VO
VI
0.1
µ
F
Vin Vout
Vout = 10 V
RL
Cin 0.1
µ
F
Adjust R1240
1%
D1*
1N4002
CO+1.0
µ
F
24 V
14 V
R21.65 k
1% CAdj 10
µ
F
+
*D
1
Discharges CAdj if output is shorted to Ground.
f = 120 Hz
LM317
LM317
VO (min Load)
LM317
5
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Figure 5. Load Regulation Figure 6. Current Limit
Figure 7. Adjustment Pin Current Figure 8. Dropout Voltage
Figure 9. Temperature Stability Figure 10. Minimum Operating Current
∆
Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
Vin = 15 V
Vout = 10 V
Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( A)
Adj
µ
I
, INPUT–OUTPUT VOLT AGE
in out
V–V
ref
V , REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
IB, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–1.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.26
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.22
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (
°
C) 010203040
V
in–Vout, INPUT–OUTPUT VOL TAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (
°
C) –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (
°
C)
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (
°
C) 010203040
V
in–Vout, INPUT–OUTPUT VOL TAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
1.0 A
+150
°
C
IL = 0.5 A
IL = 1.5 A
55
°
C
150
°
C
TJ = 25
°
C
∆
Vout = 100 mV IL = 1.5 A
500 mA
200 mA
20 mA
+25
°
C
TJ = –55
°
C
LM317
6 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
∆
V
VOLTAGE DEVIA TION (V)
out, OUTPUT
Figure 11. Ripple Rejection versus Output Voltage Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus
Output Current
Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency Figure 14. Output Impedance
Figure 15. Line Transient Response Figure 16. Load Transient Response
V
VOTLAGE CHANGE (V)
∆
in
∆
V
VOLTAGE DEVIA TION (V)
out
, INPUT , OUTPUT
CL = 1.0
µ
F;
CAdj = 10
µ
F
Vin
I
CURRENT (A)
L, LOAD
CL = 1.0
µ
F;
CAdj = 10
µ
F
IL
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
Vin – Vout = 5 V
IL = 500 mA
f = 120 Hz
TJ = 25
°
C
Without CAdj
CAdj = 10
µ
F
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
Vin = 15 V
Vout = 10 V
f = 120 Hz
TJ = 25
°
C
Without CAdj
CAdj = 10
µ
F
Without CAdj
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
IL = 500 mA
Vin = 15 V
Vout = 10 V
TJ = 25
°
C
CAdj = 10
µ
F
Vin = 15 V
Vout = 10 V
IL = 500 mA
TJ = 25
°
C
CAdj = 10
µ
F
Without CAdj
ZO
Ω
, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ( )
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
1.0
0.5
0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
–1.0
–2.0
–3.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
101
100
10–1
10–2
10–3
010203040
t, TIME (
µ
s)
010203040
0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35
Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M 10 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
t, TIME (
µ
s)
Vin = 15 V
Vout = 10 V
INL = 50 mA
TJ = 25
°
C
Vout = 10 V
IL = 50 mA
TJ = 25
°
CCL = 0;
Without CAdj
CL = 0;
Without CAdj
LM317
7
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Basic Circuit Operation
The LM317 is a 3–terminal floating regulator . In operation,
the LM317 develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V
reference (V ref) between its output and adjustment terminals.
This reference voltage is converted to a programming current
(IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows
through R2 to ground.
The regulated output voltage is given by:
Vout
+
Vref
ǒ
1
)
R2
R1
Ǔ)
IAdj R2
Since the current from the adjustment terminal (IAdj)
represents an error term in the equation, the LM317 was
designed to control IAdj to less than 100 µA and keep it
constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is
returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement
for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this
minimum, the output voltage will rise.
Since the LM317 is a floating regulator, it is only the
voltage differential across the circuit which is important to
performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to
ground is possible.
Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration
+
Vref
Adjust
Vin Vout
LM317
R1
IPROG
Vout
R2
IAdj
Vref = 1.25 V Typical Vout
Load Regulation
The LM317 is capable of providing extremely good load
regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain
maximum performance. For best performance, the
programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to
the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which
effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby
degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned
near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and
improve load regulation.
External Capacitors
A 0.1 µF disc or 1.0 µF tantalum input bypass capacitor
(Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line
impedance.
The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to
improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple
from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A
10 µF capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB
at 120 Hz in a 10 V application.
Although the LM317 is stable with no output capacitance,
like any feedback circuit, certain values of external
capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output
capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 µF tantalum or 25 µF
aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this
effect and insures stability.
Protection Diodes
When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it
is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent
the capacitors from discharging through low current points
into the regulator.
Figure 18 shows the LM317 with the recommended
protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high
capacitance values (CO > 25 µF, CAdj > 10 µF). Diode D1
prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input
short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj
discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The
combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from
discharging through the IC during an input short circuit.
Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes
D1
Vin
Cin
1N4002
LM317 Vout
R1+CO
D2
R2CAdj
1N4002
Adjust
Figure 19. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum
Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length
R , THERMAL RESISTANCE
JA
θ
JUNCTION-T O-AIR ( C/W)
°
2.0 oz. Copper
L
L
ÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎ
PD, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W)
30
40
50
60
70
80
010203025155.0 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Minimum
Size Pad
Free Air
Mounted
Vertically
R
θ
JA
PD(max) for TA = +50
°
C
LM317
8 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Figure 20. ‘‘Laboratory’’ Power Supply with Adjustable Current Limit and Output Voltage
D6*
1N4002
Vin
32 V to 40 V Vin1 LM317
(1)
Adjust 1
Vout1 RSC Vin2 Vout 2Iout Vout
IN4001
IN4001
240 D5
1N4001
+1.0
µ
F
Tantalum
1.0K
Current
Limit
Adjust Q1
2N3822
5.0 k Adjust 2
Voltage
Adjust
+10
µ
F
D3
D4
D1
1N4001
Q2
2N5640
–10 V
Output Range: 0
≤
VO
≤
25 V
Output Range: 0
≤
IO
≤
1.5 A
* Diodes D1 and D2 and transistor Q2 are added to
* allow adjustment of output voltage to 0 V.
* D6 protects both LM317’s during an input short circuit.
D2
1N4001
–10 V
0.1
µ
F
LM317
(2)
Figure 21. Adjustable Current Limiter Figure 22. 5.0 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator
Vref
+25 V
Vin LM317 Vout R1
1.25
Adjust
Iout
D2
1N4001
2N5640
R2
100
* To provide current limiting of IO to the system
* ground, the source of the FET must be tied to a
* negative voltage below – 1.25 V.
R2
≤
Vref
R1 = VSS*
D1
1N4001
VO < BVDSS + 1.25 V + VSS,
ILmin – IDSS < IO < 1.5 A.
As shown 0 < IO < 1.0 A.
Vin
D1*
1N4002 Vout
120
Adjust
720
+1.0
µ
F
MPS2222
1.0 k TTL
Control
LM317
Minimum Vout = 1.25 V
* D1 protects the device during an input short circuit.
IOmax + IDSS IDDS
Figure 23. Slow Turn–On Regulator Figure 24. Current Regulator
+
1.25 V
R1
+10
µ
F
Vin Vout
240 1N4001
LM317
Adjust
MPS2907
R2
50 k
LM317
Vin Vout R1
Adjust IAdj
Iout
10 mA
≤
Iout
≤
1.5 A
Iout
+ǒ
Vref
R1
Ǔ)
IAdj
LM317
9
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A–06
ISSUE Y
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
MIN MINMAX MAX
INCHES MILLIMETERS
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
N
Q
R
S
T
U
V
Z
14.48
9.66
4.07
0.64
3.61
2.42
2.80
0.46
12.70
1.15
4.83
2.54
2.04
1.15
5.97
0.00
1.15
–
15.75
10.28
4.82
0.88
3.73
2.66
3.93
0.64
14.27
1.52
5.33
3.04
2.79
1.39
6.47
1.27
–
2.04
0.570
0.380
0.160
0.025
0.142
0.095
0.110
0.018
0.500
0.045
0.190
0.100
0.080
0.045
0.235
0.000
0.045
–
0.620
0.405
0.190
0.035
0.147
0.105
0.155
0.025
0.562
0.060
0.210
0.120
0.110
0.055
0.255
0.050
–
0.080
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIM Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND
LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED.
–T
–
SEATING
PLANE
CS
T
U
J
R
F
B
Q
H
Z
L
V
G
ND
K
A
4
123
D2T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 936–03
(D2PAK)
ISSUE B
5 REF5 REF
A
12 3
K
F
B
J
S
H
0.010 (0.254) T
M
D
G
C
E
–T
–
MLP
NR
V
U
TERMINAL 4
NOTES:
1 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2 CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3 TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS
A AND K.
4 DIMENSIONS U AND V ESTABLISH A MINIMUM
MOUNTING SURFACE FOR TERMINAL 4.
5 DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH
AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED
0.025 (0.635) MAXIMUM.
DIM
AMIN MAX MIN MAX
MILLIMETERS
0.386 0.403 9.804 10.236
INCHES
B0.356 0.368 9.042 9.347
C0.170 0.180 4.318 4.572
D0.026 0.036 0.660 0.914
E0.045 0.055 1.143 1.397
F0.051 REF 1.295 REF
G0.100 BSC 2.540 BSC
H0.539 0.579 13.691 14.707
J0.125 MAX 3.175 MAX
K0.050 REF 1.270 REF
L0.000 0.010 0.000 0.254
M0.088 0.102 2.235 2.591
N0.018 0.026 0.457 0.660
P0.058 0.078 1.473 1.981
R
S0.116 REF 2.946 REF
U0.200 MIN 5.080 MIN
V0.250 MIN 6.350 MIN
__
OPTIONAL
CHAMFER
LM317
10 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
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LM317/D
◊
