ADF7025BCPZRL - ANALOG DEVICES

High Performance

ISM Band Transceiver IC

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C Document Feedback

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FEATURES

Low power, zero-IF RF transceiver

Frequency bands

431 MHz to 464 MHz

862 MHz to 870 MHz

902 MHz to 928 MHz

Data rates supported

9.6 kbps to 384 kbps, FSK

2.3 V to 3.6 V power supply

Programmable output power

−16 dBm to +13 dBm in 63 steps

Receiver sensitivity

−104.2 dBm at 38.4 kbps, FSK

−100 dBm at 172.8 kbps, FSK

−95.8 dBm at 384 kbps, FSK

Low power consumption

19 mA in receive mode

28 mA in transmit mode (10 dBm output)

On-chip VCO and Fractional-N PLL

On-chip, 7-bit ADC and temperature sensor

Digital RSSI

Integrated TRx switch

Leakage current < 1 μA in power-down mode

APPLICATIONS

Wireless audio/video

Remote control/security systems

Wireless metering

Keyless entry

Home automation

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Tx/Rx

CONTROL

AGC

CONTROL

FSK

DEMODULATOR

DATA

SYNCHRONIZER

RSSI 7-BIT ADC

GAIN

DIV R

SERIAL

PORT

RFOUT

OFFSET

CORRECTION

OFFSET

CORRECTION

LNA

VCO

PFD

OSC1 OSC2

DIVIDERS/

MUXING N/N+1DIV P

MUX

TEMP

SENSOR

RING OSC

CLK

DIV

CLKOUT

TEST MUX

VCOIN CPOUT

BIAS LDO(1:4)

MUXOUT

DCINRSET CREG(1:4)

LNA

FIN

FINB

SLE

SDATA

DATA CLK

SREAD

SCLK

INT/LOCK

DATA I/O

FSK MOD

CONTROL

Σ-∆

MODULATOR

LP FILTER

05542-001

Figure 1.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 2 of 41

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features .............................................................................................. 1

Applications ....................................................................................... 1

Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1

Revision History ............................................................................... 2

General Description ......................................................................... 3

Specifications ..................................................................................... 4

Timing Characteristics ..................................................................... 7

Timing Diagrams .......................................................................... 7

Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 9

ESD Caution .................................................................................. 9

Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ........................... 10

Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 12

Frequency Synthesizer ................................................................... 15

Reference Input Section ............................................................. 15

Choosing Channels for Best System Performance ................. 17

Transmitter ...................................................................................... 18

RF Output Stage .......................................................................... 18

Modulation Scheme ................................................................... 18

Receiver ............................................................................................ 19

RF Front End ............................................................................... 19

RSSI/AGC .................................................................................... 20

FSK Demodulators on the ADF7025 ....................................... 20

FSK Correlator/Demodulator ................................................... 20

Linear FSK Demodulator .......................................................... 22

Automatic Sync Word Recognition ......................................... 22

Applications Section....................................................................... 23

LNA/PA Matching ...................................................................... 23

Transmit Protocol and Coding Considerations ..................... 24

Device Programming after Initial Power-Up ............................. 24

Interfacing to Microcontroller/DSP ........................................ 24

Serial Interface ................................................................................ 27

Readback Format ........................................................................ 27

Registers ........................................................................................... 28

Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 41

Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 41

REVISION HISTORY

9/2016—Rev. B to Rev. C

Changes to General Description Section ...................................... 3

Changes to Interfacing to Microcontroller/DSP Section and

Figure 34 ........................................................................................... 24

8/2012—Rev. A to Rev. B

Changed CP-48-3 Package to CP-48-5 (Throughout) ................. 1

Added EPAD Notation to Figure 6 ............................................... 10

Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 41

Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 41

2/2006—Rev. 0 to Rev. A

Replaced Figure 40 ................................................................ Page 29

1/2006—Revision 0: Initial Version

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 3 of 41

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The ADF7025 is a low power, highly integrated FSK transceiver.

It is designed for operation in the license–free ISM bands of

433 MHz, 863 MHz to 870 MHz, and 902 MHz to 928 MHz.

The ADF7025 can be used for applications operating under the

European ETSI EN300-220 or the North American FCC (Part 15)

regulatory standards. The ADF7025 is intended for wideband,

high data rate applications with deviation frequencies from

100 kHz to 750 kHz and data rates from 9.6 kbps to 384 kbps.

A complete transceiver can be built using a small number of

external discrete components, making the ADF7025 very

suitable for price-sensitive and area-sensitive applications.

The transmit section contains a VCO and low noise

Fractional-N PLL with output resolution of <1 ppm. The VCO

operates at twice the fundamental frequency to reduce spurious

emissions and frequency pulling problems.

The transmitter output power is programmable in 0.3 dB steps

from −16 dBm to +13 dBm. The transceiver RF frequency and

modulation are programmable using a simple 3-wire interface. The

device operates with a power supply range of 2.3 V to 3.6 V and

can be powered down when not in use.

A zero-IF architecture is used in the receiver, minimizing power

consumption and the external component count, while avoiding

the need for image rejection. The baseband filter (low-pass) has

programmable bandwidths of ±300 kHz, ±450 kHz, and ±600 kHz.

A high-pass pole at ~60 kHz eliminates the problem of dc offsets

that is characteristic of zero-IF architecture.

The ADF7025 supports a wide variety of programmable

features, including Rx linearity, sensitivity, and filter bandwidth,

allowing the user to trade off receiver sensitivity and selectivity

against current consumption, depending on the application.

An on-chip ADC provides readback of an integrated

temperature sensor, an external analog input, the battery

voltage, or the RSSI signal, which provides savings on an ADC

in some applications. The temperature sensor is accurate to

±10°C over the full operating temperature range of −40°C to

+85°C. This accuracy can be improved by doing a 1-point

calibration at room temperature and storing the result in

memory.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 4 of 41

SPECIFICATIONS

VDD = 2.3 V to 3.6 V, GND = 0 V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical specifications are at VDD = 3 V, T A = 25°C.

All measurements are performed using the E VA L-ADF7025DBZ1 using PN9 data sequence, unless otherwise noted.

Table 1.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions

RF CHARACTERISTICS

Frequency Ranges (Direct Output) 862 870 MHz VCO adjust = 0, VCO bias = 10

902 928 VCO adjust = 3, VCO bias = 12

Frequency Ranges (Divide-by-2 Mode) 431 464 MHz See conditions for direct output

Phase Frequency Detector Frequency RF/256 24 MHz

TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS

Data Rate

FSK 9.6 384 kbps

FSK Frequency Deviation

100

311.89

kHz

PFD = 10 MHz, direct output

100 748.54 kHz PFD = 24 MHz, direct output

100 374.27 kHz PFD =24 MHz, divide-by-2 mode

Deviation Frequency Resolution 221 Hz PFD = 3.625 MHz

Gaussian Filter BT 0.5

Transmit Power1 −20 +13 dBm VDD = 3.0 V, TA = 25°C

Transmit Power Variation vs. Temperature ±1 dB From −40°C to +85°C

Transmit Power Variation vs. VDD ±1 dB From 2.3 V to 3.6 V at 915 MHz, TA = 25°C

Transmit Power Flatness ±1 dB From 902 MHz to 928 MHz, 3 V, TA = 25°C

Programmable Step Size

−20 dBm to +13 dBm 0.3125 dB

Spurious Emissions

Integer Boundary −55 dBc 50 kHz loop B/W

Reference −65 dBc

Harmonics

Second Harmonic −27 dBc Unfiltered conductive

Third Harmonic −21 dBc

All Other Harmonics

−35

dBc

VCO Frequency Pulling 30 kHz rms DR = 9.6 kbps

Optimum PA Load Impedance 39 + j61 Ω FRF = 915 MHz

48 + j54 Ω FRF = 868 MHz

54 + j94 Ω FRF = 433 MHz

RECEIVER PARAMETERS

FSK Input Sensitivity At BER = 1E − 3, FRF = 915 MHz,

LNA and PA matched separately2

Sensitivity at 38.4 kbps −104.2 dBm FDEV = 200 kHz, LPF B/W = ±300kHz

Sensitivity at 172.8 kbps −100 dBm FDEV = 200 kHz, LPF B/W = ±450kHz

Sensitivity at 384 kbps −95.8 dBm FDEV = 450kHz, LPF B/W = ±600kHz

Baseband Filter (Low-Pass) Bandwidths Programmable

±300 kHz

±450

kHz

±600

kHz

LNA and Mixer, Input IP3

Enhanced Linearity Mode +6.8 dBm PIN = −20 dBm, 2 CW interferers

Low Current Mode −3.2 dBm FRF = 915 MHz, f1 = FRF + 3 MHz

High Sensitivity Mode −35 dBm F2 = FRF + 6 MHz, maximum gain

Rx Spurious Emissions3 −57 dBm <1 GHz at antenna input

−47 dBm >1 GHz at antenna input

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 5 of 41

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions

CHANNEL FILTERING

Adjacent Channel Rejection

(Offset = ±1 × LP Filter BW Setting)

27 dB Desired signal (38.4 kbps DR, 200 kHz FDEV,

±300 KHz LP filter B/W) 6 dB above the input

sensitivity level, CW interferer power level

increased until BER = 10−3

Second Adjacent Channel Rejection

(Offset = ±2 × LP Filter BW Setting)

40 dB

Third Adjacent Channel Rejection

(Offset = ±3 × LP Filter BW Setting)

43 dB

Co-Channel Rejection −2 +24 dB Maximum rejection measured with CW

interferer at center of channel

Wideband Interference Rejection 70 dB Swept from 100 MHz to 2 GHz,

measured as channel rejection

BLOCKING Desired signal (38.4 kbps DR, 200 kHz FDEV,

±300 KHz LP filter B/W) 6 dB above the input

sensitivity level, CW interferer power level

increased until BER = 10−3

±1 MHz 42 dB

±2 MHz 51 dB

±10 MHz 64 dB

Saturation (Maximum Input Level) 12 dBm FSK mode, BER = 10−3

LNA Input Impedance 24 − j60 Ω FRF = 915 MHz, RFIN to GND

26 − j63 Ω FRF = 868 MHz

71 − j128 Ω FRF = 433 MHz

RSSI

Range at Input −100 to

−36

dBm

Linearity ±2 dB

Absolute Accuracy ±3 dB

Response Time 150 µs

PHASE-LOCKED LOOP

VCO Gain 65 MHz/V 902 MHz to 928 MHz band,

VCO adjust = 3, VCO_BIAS_SETTING = 12

83 MHz/V 862 MHz to 870 MHz band,

VCO adjust = 0, VCO_BIAS_SETTING = 10

Phase Noise (In-Band) −89 dBc/Hz PA = 0 dBm, VDD = 3.0 V, PFD = 10 MHz,

FRF = 868 MHz, VCO_BIAS_SETTING = 10

Phase Noise (Out-of-Band) −110 dBc/Hz 1 MHz offset

Residual FM 128 Hz From 200 Hz to 20 kHz, FRF = 868MHz

PLL Settling Time 40 µs Measured for a 10 MHz frequency step

to within 5 ppm accuracy,

PFD = 20 MHz, LBW = 50kHz

REFERENCE INPUT

Crystal Reference 3.625 24 MHz

External Oscillator 3.625 24 MHz

Load Capacitance 33 pF

Crystal Start-Up Time 1.0 ms Using 33 pF load capacitors

Input Level CMOS

levels

TIMING INFORMATION

Chip Enabled to Regulator Ready 10 µs CREG = 100 nF

Crystal Oscillator Startup Time 1 ms With 19.2 MHz XTAL

Tx to Rx Turnaround Time 150 µs +

(5 × TBIT)

Time to synchronized data, includes AGC

settling

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 6 of 41

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions

LOGIC INPUTS

Input High Voltage, VINH 0.7 × VDD V

Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.2 × VDD V

Input Current, IINH/IINL ±1 µA

Input Capacitance, C

Control Clock Input 50 MHz

LOGIC OUTPUTS

Output High Voltage, VOH

− 0.4

V IOH = 500 µA

Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.4 V IOL = 500 µA

CLKOUT Rise/Fall 5 ns

CLKOUT Load 10 pF

TEMPERATURE RANGE, TA −40 +85 °C

POWER SUPPLIES

Voltage Supply

VDD 2.3 3.6 V All VDD pins must be tied together

Transmit Current Consumption FRF = 915 MHz, VDD = 3.0 V, PA is matched in

to 50 Ω

−20 dBm 14.6 mA

−10 dBm

15.8

0 dBm 19.3 mA

10 dBm 28 mA

Receive Current Consumption

Low Current Mode 19 mA

High Sensitivity Mode 21 mA

Power-Down Mode

Low Power Sleep Mode 0.1 1 µA

1 Measured as maximum unmodulated power. Output power varies with both supply and temperature.

2 Sensitivity for combined matching network case is typically 2 dB less than separate matching networks.

3 Follow the matching and layout guidelines in the LNA/PA Matching section to achieve the relevant FCC/ETSI specifications.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 7 of 41

TIMING CHARACTERISTICS

VDD = 3 V ± 10%; VGND = 0 V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.

Table 2.

Parameter1 Limit at TMIN to TMAX Unit Test Conditions/Comments

t1 <10 ns SDATA to SCLK setup time

t2 <10 ns SDATA to SCLK hold time

t3 <25 ns SCLK high duration

t4 <25 ns SCLK low duration

t5 <10 ns SCLK to SLE setup time

t6 <20 ns SLE pulse width

t8 <25 ns SCLK to SREAD data valid, readback

t9 <25 ns SREAD hold time after SCLK, readback

t10 <10 ns SCLK to SLE disable time, readback

1 Guaranteed by design, not production tested.

TIMING DIAGRAMS

SCLK

SLE

DB31 (MSB) DB30 DB2 DB1

(CONTROL BIT C2)

DATA DB0 (LSB)

(CONTROL BIT C1)

05542-002

Figure 2. Serial Interface Timing Diagram

X RV16 RV15 RV2 RV1

SCLK

SDATA

SLE

SREAD

REG7 DB0

(CONTROL BIT C1)

05542-003

Figure 3. Readback Timing Diagram

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 8 of 41

RxCLK

DATA

RxDATA

±1 × DATA RATE/32 1/DATA RATE

05542-004

Figure 4. RxData/RxCLK Timing Diagram

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 9 of 41

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.

Table 3.

Parameter Rating

VDD to GND1 −0.3 V to +5 V

Analog I/O Voltage to GND −0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V

Digital I/O Voltage to GND −0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V

Operating Temperature Range

Industrial (B Version) −40°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +125°C

Maximum Junction Temperature 125°C

MLF θJA Thermal Impedance 26°C/W

Lead Temperature Soldering

Vapor Phase (60 sec) 235°C

Infrared (15 sec) 240°C

1 GND = CPGND = RFGND = DGND = AGND = 0 V.

Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum

Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a

stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these

or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational

section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond

the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may

affect product reliability.

This device is a high performance, RF integrated circuit with an

ESD rating of <2 kV, and it is ESD sensitive. Proper precautions

should be taken for handling and assembly.

ESD CAUTION

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 10 of 41

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

05542-006

NOTES

1. CONNECT THE EXPOSED PAD TO GND.

CLKOUT

DATA CLK

DATA I/O

4INT/LOCK

5VDD2

6VREG2

7ADCIN

TEST_A

GND4

FILT_Q

GND4

FILT_I

MIX_Q

MIX_I

GND

VCO GND

GND

GND1

CVCO

VDD

CPOUT

VREG3

VDD3

OSC1

OSC2

MUXOUT

GND4

VREG4

RSET

VDD4

LNA

RFINB

RFIN

RFGND

RFOUT

VDD1

VREG1

VCOIN

8GND2

9SCLK

10 SREAD

11 SDATA

12 SLE

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

ADF7025

Figure 5. Pin Configuration

Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. Mnemonic Description

1 VCOIN The tuning voltage on this pin determines the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).

The higher the tuning voltage, the higher the output frequency.

2 VREG1 Regulator Voltage for PA Block. A 100 nF in parallel with a 5.1 pF capacitor should be placed between this pin

and ground for regulator stability and noise rejection.

3 VDD1 Voltage Supply for PA Block. Decoupling capacitors of 0.1 μF and 10 pF should be placed as close as possible

to this pin. All VDD pins should be tied together.

4 RFOUT The modulated signal is available at this pin. Output power levels are from −20 dBm to +13 dBm. The output

should be impedance-matched to the desired load using suitable components. See the Transmitter section.

5 RFGND Ground for Output Stage of Transmitter.

6 RFIN LNA Input for Receiver Section. Input matching is required between the antenna and the differential LNA

input to ensure maximum power transfer. See the LNA/PA Matching section.

7 RFINB Complementary LNA Input. See the LNA/PA Matching section.

8 RLNA External bias resistor for LNA. Optimum resistor is 1.1 kΩ with 5% tolerance.

9 VDD4 Voltage supply for LNA/MIXER Block. This pin should be decoupled to ground with a 10 nF capacitor.

10 RSET External Resistor to Set Charge Pump Current and Some Internal Bias Currents. Use 3.6 kΩ with 5% tolerance.

11 VREG4 Regulator Voltage for LNA/MIXER Block. A 100 nF capacitor should be placed between this pin and GND for

regulator stability and noise rejection.

12 GND4 Ground for LNA/MIXER Block.

13 to 18 MIX/FILT Signal Chain Test Pins. These pins are high impedance under normal conditions and should be left unconnected.

19, 22 GND4 Ground for LNA/MIXER Block.

20, 21, 23 FILT/TEST_A Signal Chain Test Pins. These pins are high impedance under normal conditions and should be left unconnected.

24 CE Chip Enable. Bringing CE low puts the ADF7025 into complete power-down. Register values are lost when CE

is low, and the part must be reprogrammed once CE is brought high.

25 SLE Load Enable, CMOS Input. When LE goes high, the data stored in the shift registers is loaded into one of the

four latches. A latch is selected using the control bits.

26 SDATA Serial Data Input. The serial data is loaded MSB first with the two LSBs as the control bits. This pin is a high

impedance CMOS input.

27 SREAD Serial Data Output. This pin is used to feed readback data from the ADF7025 to the microcontroller. The SCLK

input is used to clock each readback bit (ADC readback) from the SREAD pin.

28 SCLK Serial Clock Input. This serial clock is used to clock in the serial data to the registers. The data is latched into

the 24-bit shift register on the CLK rising edge. This pin is a digital CMOS input.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 11 of 41

Pin No. Mnemonic Description

29 GND2 Ground for Digital Section.

30 ADCIN Analog-to-Digital Converter Input. The internal 7-bit ADC can be accessed through this pin. Full scale is 0 V to

1.9 V. Readback is made using the SREAD pin.

31 VREG2 Regulator Voltage for Digital Block. A 100 nF in parallel with a 5.1 pF capacitor should be placed between this

pin and ground for regulator stability and noise rejection.

32 VDD2 Voltage Supply for Digital Block. A decoupling capacitor of 10 nF should be placed as close as possible to this

pin.

33 INT/LOCK Bidirectional Pin. In output mode (interrupt mode), the ADF7025 asserts the INT/LOCK pin when it has found

a match for the preamble sequence.

In input mode (lock mode), the microcontroller can be used to lock the demodulator threshold when a valid

preamble has been detected. Once the threshold is locked, NRZ data can be reliably received. In this mode, a

demodulator lock can be asserted with minimum delay.

34 DATA I/O Transmit Data Input/Received Data Output. This is a digital pin, and normal CMOS levels apply.

35 DATA CLK In receive mode, the pin outputs the synchronized data clock. The positive clock edge is matched to the

center of the received data.

CLKOUT

A Divided-Down Version of the Crystal Reference with Output Driver. The digital clock output can be used to

drive several other CMOS inputs, such as a microcontroller clock. The output has a 50:50 mark-space ratio.

37 MUXOUT This pin provides the LOCK_DETECT signal, which is used to determine if the PLL is locked to the correct

frequency. Other signals include REGULATOR_READY, which is an indicator of the status of the serial interface

regulator.

38 OSC2 The reference crystal should be connected between this pin and OSC1. A TCXO reference can be used by

driving this pin with CMOS levels and disabling the crystal oscillator.

39 OSC1 The reference crystal should be connected between this pin and OSC2.

40 VDD3 Voltage Supply for the Charge Pump and PLL Dividers. This pin should be decoupled to ground with a 0.01 µF

capacitor.

41 VREG3 Regulator Voltage for Charge Pump and PLL Dividers. A 100 nF in parallel with a 5.1 pF capacitor should be

placed between this pin and ground for regulator stability and noise rejection.

42 CPOUT Charge Pump Output. This output generates current pulses that are integrated in the loop filter. The

integrated current changes the control voltage on the input to the VCO.

43 VDD Voltage Supply for VCO Tank Circuit. This pin should be decoupled to ground with a 0.01 µF capacitor.

44 to 47 GND Grounds for VCO Block.

48 CVCO A 22 nF capacitor should be placed between this pin and VREG1 to reduce VCO noise.

EPAD Exposed Pad. Connect the exposed pad to GND.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 12 of 41

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

100Hz 10Hz

05542-007

FREQUENCY OFFSET

CARRIER POWER 6.11dBm

REF –60dBc/Hz 10.00dB/

ATTEN 2.00dB MKR1 10.00KHz

–88.46dBc/Hz

Figure 6. Phase Noise Response at 915 MHz, VDD = 3.0 V, ICP = 0.867 mA

CENTER 915.00MHz

#RES BW 10kHz

VBW 10kHz SPAN 5MHz

SWEEP 60.32ms (601pts)

05542-008

REF 10dBm

NORM LOG 10dB/ ATTEN 20dB

MKR1 400Hz

0.69dB

Figure 7. Output Spectrum in FSK Modulation (915 MHz,

172.8 kbps Data Rate, 200 kHz Frequency Deviation)

–1500 –1200 –600 –300 300 600 1200 1500

–50

–1800 –900 0 900 1800

FREQUENCY (KHz)

ATTENU

TION LEVEL (dB)

–45

–40

–35

–30

–25

–20

–15

–10

–5

±600KHz

FILTER B/W

±450KHz

FILTER B/W

±300KHz

FILTER B/W

05542-009

Figure 8. Baseband Filter Response

STOP 10.000GHz

SWEEP 16.52ms (601pts)

MKR4 3.482GHz

SWEEP 16.52ms (601pts)

START 100MHz

RES BW 3MHz

REF 10dB

PEAK

10dB/

VBW 3MHz

ATTEN 20dB

REF LEVEL

10.00dBm

05542-010

Figure 9. Harmonic Response, RFOUT Matched to 50 Ω, No Filter

STOP 5.000GHz

SWEEP 5.627s (601pts)

∆ Mkr1 1.834GHz

–62.57dB

START 800MHz

#RES BW 30kHz

REF 15dBm ATTEN 30dB

VBW 30kHz

NORM

LOG

10dB/

LgAv

W1S2

S3FC

£(f):

FTun

Swp

MARKER ∆

1.834000000GHz

–62.57dB

05542-011

Figure 10. Harmonic Response, Murata Dielectric Filter

PA SETTING

1 5 9 13172125293337414549535761

OUTPUT POWER

–10

–5

–20

–15

–25

11µ A

9µA

5µA

7µA

05542-053

Figure 11. PA Output Power vs. Setting

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 13 of 41

05542-014

20–120 –100 –80 –60 –40 –20 0

–20

–60

–40

–80

–100

–120

ACTUAL INPUT LEVEL

RSSI READBACK LEVEL

RF I/P (dB)

RSSI LEVEL (dB)

Figure 12. Digital RSSI Readback

–

–12 –6 0 6 12

05542-013

OFFSET OF INTERFERER FROM WANTED SIGNAL (MHz)

LEVEL OF REJE

TION (dB)

Figure 13. Wideband Interference Rejection; Wanted Signal (901 MHz,

38.4 kbps Data Rate, 200 kHz Frequency Deviation) at 6 dB Above Sensitivity

Point; Interferer = CW Jammer

05542-015

RF I/P LEVEL (dBm)

BER

–8

–7

–6

–5

–4

–3

–2

–1

–115 –110 –105 –100 –95 –90 –85

2.3V, +25°C

3V, +25°C

3.6V, +25°C

2.3V, –40°C

3V, –40°C

3.6V, –40°C

2.3V, +85°C

3V, +85°C

3.6V, +85°C

Figure 14. Sensitivity vs. VDD and Temperature (172.8 kbps Data Rate,

200 kHz Frequency Deviation, Baseband Bandwidth ±600 kHz)

–8

–7

–6

–5

–4

–3

–2

–1

–116 –108 –100 –90 –78

05542-016

RF I/P LEVEL (dBm)

LOG (BER)

DATA RATE = 384k, FDEV = 450k

DATA RATE = 172k, FDEV = 200k

DATA RATE = 38.4k, FDEV = 200k

Figure 15. BER vs. Data Rate (Combined Matching Network)

05542-017

DEVIATION FREQUENCY (kHz)

SENSITIVITY POINT (

Bm)

= CORRELATOR

= LINEAR

–100

–95

–90

–85

–80

–75

–70

–65

–60

–55

–

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

Figure 16. Sensitivity vs. Mod Index (Data Rate = 384 kbps, Baseband Filter

Bandwidth = ±600 kHz), for Both Demodulator Types

–105

–100

–95

–90

–85

–80

–75

–70

–65

–

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

05542-018

DEVIATION FREQUENCY (kHz)

SENSITIVITY POINT (dBm)

= CORRELATOR

=LINEAR

= CORRELATOR

=LINEAR

BB BW = ±450kHz BB BW = ±600kHz

Figure 17. Sensitivity vs. Mod Index (Data Rate = 172.8 kbps), for Both

Demodulator Types

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 14 of 41

–110

–105

–100

–95

–90

–85

–80

–75

–70

–65

–

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

05542-052

DEVIATION FREQUENCY (kHz)

SENSITIVITY POINT (

Bm)

= CORRELATOR

=LINEAR

BB BW =

±300kHz

BB BW =

±450kHz

BB BW =

±600kHz

Figure 18. Sensitivity vs. Mod Index (Data Rate = 38.4 kbps),

for both Demodulator Types

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 15 of 41

FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER

REFERENCE INPUT SECTION

The on-board crystal oscillator circuitry (see Figure 19) can use

an inexpensive quartz crystal as the PLL reference. The oscillator

circuit is enabled by setting R1_DB12 high. It is enabled by

default on power-up and is disabled by bringing CE low. Errors

in the crystal can be corrected by adjusting the Fractional-N

value (see the N Counter section). A single-ended reference

(TCXO, CXO) can also be used. The CMOS levels should be

applied to OSC2 with R1_DB12 set low.

OSC1

CP1CP2

OSC2

05542-019

Figure 19. Oscillator Circuit on the ADF7025

Two parallel resonant capacitors are required for oscillation at

the correct frequency; their values are dependent on the crystal

specification. They should be chosen so that the series value of

capacitance added to the PCB track capacitance adds up to the

load capacitance of the crystal, usually 20 pF. Track capacitance

values vary from 2 pF to 5 pF, depending on board layout.

Where possible, choose capacitors that have a very low

temperature coefficient to ensure stable frequency operation

over all conditions.

CLKOUT Divider and Buffer

The CLKOUT circuit takes the reference clock signal from

the oscillator section, shown in Figure 20, and supplies a

divided-down 50:50 mark-space signal to the CLKOUT pin.

An even divide from 2 to 30 is available. This divide number

is set in R1_DB[8:11]. On power-up, the CLKOUT defaults to

divide-by-8.

CLKOUT

ENABLE BIT

CLKOUTOSC1 DIVIDER

1TO 15 ÷2

05542-020

Figure 20. CLKOUT Stage

To disable CLKOUT, set the divide number to 0. The output

buffer can drive up to a 20 pF load with a 10% rise time at

4.8 MHz. Faster edges can result in some spurious feedthrough

to the output. A small series resistor (50 Ω) can be used to slow

the clock edges to reduce these spurs at FCLK.

R Counter

The 3-bit R counter divides the reference input frequency by an

integer from 1 to 7. The divided-down signal is presented as the

reference clock to the phase frequency detector (PFD). The divide

ratio is set in Register 1. Maximizing the PFD frequency reduces

the N value. This reduces the noise multiplied at a rate of 20 log(N)

to the output, as well as reducing occurrences of spurious

components. The R register defaults to R = 1 on power-up.

PFD [Hz] = XTAL/R

MUXOUT and Lock Detect

The MUXOUT pin allows the user to access various digital

points in the ADF7025. The state of MUXOUT is controlled by

Bits R0_DB[29:31].

Regulator Ready

Regulator ready is the default setting on MUXOUT after the

transceiver has been powered up. The power-up time of the

regulator is typically 50 μs. Because the serial interface is powered

from the regulator, the regulator must be at its nominal voltage

before the ADF7025 can be programmed. The status of the

regulator can be monitored at MUXOUT. When the regulator

ready signal on MUXOUT is high, programming of the

ADF7025 can begin.

REGULATOR READY

DIGITAL LOCK DETECT

ANALOG LOCK DETECT

R COUNTER OUTPUT

N COUNTER OUTPUT

PLL TEST MODES

Σ-∆ TEST MODES

MUX CONTROL

DGND

DVDD

MUXOUT

5542-021

Figure 21. MUXOUT Circuit

Digital Lock Detect

Digital lock detect is active high. The lock detect circuit is

located at the PFD. When the phase error on five consecutive

cycles is less than 15 ns, lock detect is set high. Lock detect

remains high until a 25 ns phase error is detected at the PFD.

Because no external components are needed for digital lock

detect, it is more widely used than analog lock detect.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 16 of 41

Analog Lock Detect

This N-channel open-drain lock detect should be operated with

an external pull-up resistor of 10 kΩ nominal. When a lock has

been detected, this output is high with narrow low-going pulses.

Voltage Regulators

The ADF7025 contains four regulators to supply stable voltages

to the part. The nominal regulator voltage is 2.3 V. Each regulator

should have a 100 nF capacitor connected between VREG and

GND. When CE is high, the regulators and other associated

circuitry are powered on, drawing a total supply current of 2 mA.

Bringing the chip-enable pin low disables the regulators,

reduces the supply current to less than 1 μA, and erases all

values held in the registers. The serial interface operates from

a regulator supply; therefore, to write to the part, the user must

have CE high and the regulator voltage must be stabilized.

Regulator status (VREG4) can be monitored using the regulator

ready signal from MUXOUT.

Loop Filter

The loop filter integrates the current pulses from the charge

pump to form a voltage that tunes the output of the VCO to the

desired frequency. It also attenuates spurious levels generated by

the PLL. A typical loop filter design is shown in Figure 22.

CHARGE

PUMP OUT VCO

05542-022

Figure 22. Typical Loop Filter Configuration

In general, a loop filter bandwidth (LBW) of between the data

rate and twice the data rate is recommended. Widening the

LBW excessively reduces the time spent jumping between

frequencies, but it can cause insufficient spurious attenuation.

Narrow-loop bandwidths can result in the loop taking long

periods of time to attain lock. For the ADF7025 in receive mode,

the loop filter bandwidth affects the close-in blocking perform-

ance. The narrower the bandwidth of the loop filter, the greater

the close-in interference resilience of the receiver.

Careful design of the loop filter is critical to obtaining accurate

FSK modulation. The free design tool ADIsimPLL can be used

to design loop filters for the ADF7025.

N Counter

The feedback divider in the ADF7025 PLL consists of an 8-bit

integer counter and a 14-bit Σ-Δ Fractional-N divider. The

integer counter is the standard pulse-swallow type common

in PLLs. This sets the minimum integer divide value to 31.

The fractional divide value gives very fine resolution at the

output, where the output frequency of the PLL is calculated as

)

(15

NFractional

NInteger

XTAL

FOUT 

VCO

THIRD-ORDER

Σ-∆ MODULATOR

PFD/

CHARGE

PUMP

INTEGER-NFRACTIONAL-N

REFERENCE IN

05542-023

Figure 23. Fractional-N PLL

The combination of the Integer-N (maximum = 255) and the

Fractional-N (maximum = 16383/16384) gives a maximum N

divider of 255 + 1. Therefore, the minimum usable PFD is

PDFMIN [Hz] = Maximum Required Output Frequency/(255 + 1)

For example, when operating in the European 868 MHz to

870 MHz band, PFDMIN equals 3.4 MHz.

Voltage Controlled Oscillator

To minimize spurious emissions, the on-chip VCO operates

from 1732 MHz to 1856 MHz. The VCO signal is then divided

by 2 to give the required frequency for the transmitter and the

required LO frequency for the receiver.

The VCO should be re-centered, depending on the required

frequency of operation, by programming the VCO adjust bits

R1_DB[20:21].

For operation in the 862 MHz to 870 MHz band, it is recom-

mended to use a VCO bias of at least Setting 10 and to set the

VCO adjust bit to Setting 0. For operation in the 902 MHz to

928 MHz band, it is recommended to use a VCO bias of at least

Setting 12 and to set the VCO adjust bit to Setting 3. This is to

ensure correct operation under all conditions.

The VCO is enabled as part of the PLL by the PLL-enable bit,

R0_DB28.

An additional frequency divide-by-2 is included to allow operation

in the lower 431 MHz to 464 MHz bands. To enable operation

in these bands, R1_DB13 should be set to 1. The VCO needs an

external 22 nF between the VCO and the regulator to reduce

internal noise.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 17 of 41

VCO Bias Current

VCO bias current can be adjusted using Bit R1_DB19 to

Bit R1_DB16. To ensure VCO oscillation under all conditions,

the minimum bias current setting is Setting 12 (0xC).

431 MHz to 464 MHz Operation

For operation in the 431 MHz to 464 MHz band, the frequency

divide-by-2 has to be enabled. It is enabled by R1_DB13. Because

this divide is external to the synthesizer loop, the feedback divider

number (N + F) should be programmed to a value twice the

desired RF output frequency.

VCO

LOOP FILTER MUX

VCO SELECT BIT

TO PA AND

N DIVIDER

VCO BIAS

R1_DB (16:19)

220µF

CVCO PIN

÷2

05542-024

Figure 24. Voltage Controlled Oscillator

CHOOSING CHANNELS FOR BEST SYSTEM

PERFORMANCE

The Fractional-N PLL allows the selection of any channel

within 862 MHz to 928 MHz (and 431 MHz to 464 MHz using

divide-by-2) to a resolution of <300 Hz. This also facilitates

frequency-hopping systems.

Careful selection of the RF transmit channels must be made

to achieve best spurious performance. The architecture of

fractional-N results in some level of the nearest integer channel

moving through the loop to the RF output. These beat-note

spurs are not attenuated by the loop, if the desired RF channel

and the nearest integer channel are separated by a frequency of

less than the LBW.

The occurrence of beat-note spurs is rare, because the integer

frequencies are at multiples of the reference, which is typically

>10 MHz.

Beat-note spurs can be significantly reduced in amplitude by

avoiding very small or very large values in the fractional register,

using the frequency doubler. By having a channel 1 MHz away

from an integer frequency, a 100 kHz loop filter can reduce the

level to less than −45 dBc.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 18 of 41

TRANSMITTER

RF OUTPUT STAGE

The PA of the ADF7025 is based on a single-ended, controlled

current, open-drain amplifier that has been designed to deliver

up to 13 dBm into a 50 Ω load at a maximum frequency of

928 MHz.

The PA output current and, consequently, the output power are

programmable over a wide range. The PA configuration is

shown in Figure 25. The output power is independent of the

state of the DATA I/O pin. The output power is set using Bits

R2_DB[9:14].

IDAC

6R2_DB(9:14)

R2_DB4

R2_DB5

DIGITAL

LOCK DETECT

R2_DB(30:31)

RFGND

RFOUT

FROM VCO

05542-025

Figure 25. PA Configuration

The PA is equipped with overvoltage protection, which makes

it robust in severe mismatch conditions. Depending on the

application, one can design a matching network for the PA to

exhibit optimum efficiency at the desired radiated output power

level for a wide range of different antennas, such as loop or

monopole antennas. See the LNA/PA Matching section for

details.

PA Bias Currents

Control Bits R2_DB [30:31] facilitate an adjustment of the PA

bias current to further extend the output power control range, if

necessary. If this feature is not required, the default value of

7 μA is recommended. The output stage is powered down by

resetting Bit R2_DB4.

MODULATION SCHEME

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

Frequency shift keying is implemented by setting the N value for

the center frequency and then toggling this with the TxData

line. The deviation from the center frequency is set using

Bits R2_DB[15:23]. The deviation from the center frequency

in Hz is

[Hz] NumberModulationPFD

FSKDEVIATION





where Modulation Number is a number from 1 to 511

(R2_DB(15:23)).

Select FSK using Bits R2_DB[6:8].

VCO

÷N

THIRD-ORDER

Σ-∆ MODULATOR

PFD/

CHARGE

PUMP

INTEGER-NFRACTIONAL-N

PA STAGE

–F

DEV

TxDATA

FSK DEVIATION

FREQUENCY

05542-026

Figure 26. FSK Implementation

Modulation Index

The choice of deviation frequency for a given data rate is critical

to get optimum sensitivity performance from the ADF7025.

The modulation index (MI) of an FSK modulated signal is

defined as

[bps]

[Hz]2

RateData

DeviationFrequency





It is recommended to use a MI > 1 for the ADF7025. The variation

of receiver sensitivity with modulation index, for various data

rates, can be observed in Figure 16, Figure 17, and Figure 18.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 19 of 41

RECEIVER

RF FRONT END

The ADF7025 is based on a fully integrated, zero-IF receiver

architecture. The zero-IF architecture minimizes power

consumption and the external component count while avoiding

the need for image rejection.

Figure 27 shows the structure of the receiver front end. The

numerous programming options allow users to trade off

sensitivity, linearity, and current consumption against each

other in the way best suitable for their applications. To achieve

a high level of resilience against spurious reception, the LNA

features a differential input. Switch SW2 shorts the LNA input

when transmit mode is selected (R0_DB27 = 0). This feature

facilitates the design of a combined LNA/PA matching network,

avoiding the need for an external Rx/Tx switch. See the

LNA/PA Matching section for details on the design of the

matching network.

SW2 LNA

RFIN

RFINB

x/Rx SELECT

[R0_DB27]

LNA MODE

[R6_DB15]

LNA CURRENT

[R6_DB(16:17)]

MIXER LINEARITY

[R6_DB18]

I (TO FILTER)

Q (TO FILTER)

LNA GAIN

[R9_DB(20:21)]

LNA/MIXER ENABLE

[R8_DB6]

05542-027

Figure 27. ADF7025 RF Front End

The LNA is followed by a quadrature downconversion mixer,

which converts the RF signal direct to baseband. The output

frequency of the synthesizer must be programmed to the value

equal to the center frequency of the received channel.

The LNA has two basic operating modes: high gain/low noise

mode and low gain/low power mode. To switch between the

two modes, use the LNA_MODE bit, R6_DB15. The mixer is

also configurable between a low current and an enhanced

linearity mode using the MIXER_LINEARITY bit, R6_DB18.

Based on the specific sensitivity and linearity requirements of

the application, it is recommended to adjust control bits

LNA_MODE (R6_DB15) and MIXER_LINEARITY (R6_DB18).

The gain of the LNA is configured by the LNA_GAIN field,

R9_DB[20:21] and can be set by either the user or the automatic

gain control (AGC) logic.

Filter Settings/Calibration

Out-of-band interference is rejected by means of a fifth-order, low-

pass filter (LPF). The bandwidth of the filter can be programmed to

be ±300 kHz, ±450 kHz, or ±600 kHz by means of Control Bits

R1_DB[22:23] and should be chosen as a compromise between

interference rejection and attenuation of the desired signal. A

high-pass filter is also included as part of the low-pass filter to

prevent against dc offset problems. The bandwidth of this filter

is ~60 kHz. To avoid significant loss of FSK modulated signal in

the filter, the frequency deviation needs to be significantly

larger than this pole (refer to the Modulation Index section).

The minimum allowable frequency deviation is 100 kHz.

To compensate for manufacturing tolerances, the LPF should

be calibrated once after power-up. The LPF calibration logic

requires that the LPF divider in Bits R6_DB[20:28] be set

depending on the crystal frequency. Once initiated by setting

Bit R6_DB19, the calibration is performed automatically

without any user intervention. The calibration time is 200 μs,

during which the ADF7025 should not be accessed. It is

important not to initiate the calibration cycle before the crystal

oscillator has fully settled. If the AGC loop is disabled, the gain

of LPF can be set to three levels using the FILTER_GAIN field,

R9_DB[20:21]. The filter gain is adjusted automatically, if the

AGC loop is enabled.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 20 of 41

RSSI/AGC

The RSSI is implemented as a successive compression log amp

following the baseband channel filtering. The log amp achieves

±3 dB log linearity. It also doubles as a limiter to convert the signal-

to-digital levels for the FSK demodulator. Offset correction is

achieved using a switched capacitor integrator in feedback

around the log amp. This uses the BB offset clock divide. The

RSSI level is converted for user readback and digitally controlled

AGC by an 80-level (7-bit) flash ADC. This level can be

converted to input power in dBm.

IFWR IFWR IFWR IFWR

LATCHAAA

CLK

ADC

OFFSET

CORRECTION

RSSI

DEMOD

FSK

DEMOD

05542-028

Figure 28. RSSI Block Diagram

Offset Correction Clock

In Register 3, the user should set the BB offset clock divide bits

R3_DB[4:5] to give an offset clock between 1 MHz and 2 MHz,

where BBOS _CLK [Hz] = XTAL/(BBOS_CLK_DIVIDE).

BBOS_CLK_DIVIDE can be set to 4, 8, or 16.

AGC Information

In Register 9, the user should select automatic gain control by

selecting Auto In R9_DB18 and Auto In R9_DB19. The user

should then program AGC Low Threshold R9_DB[4:10] and

AGC High Threshold R9_DB[11:17]. The default values for the

low and high thresholds are 30 and 70, respectively; however,

these are not the optimum settings for all operating conditions.

The recommended values for the low and high thresholds are

15 and 79, respectively. In the AGC 2 register (Register 10), the

user should program the AGC delay to be long enough to allow

the loop to settle. The default/recommended value is 10.

XTAL

DIVIDECLKSEQDELAYAGC

TIMEWAITAGC

___





AGC Settling = AGC_WAIT_TIME × Number of Gain

Changes

Thus, in the worst case, if the AGC loop has to go through all

five gain changes, AGC delay = 10, and SEQ_CLK = 200 kHz,

then AGC settling = 10 × 5 μs × 5 = 250 μs. Minimum

AGC_WAIT_TIME must be at least 25 μs.

RSSI Formula (Converting to dBm)

INPUT_POWER [dBm] =

−98 dBm + (READBACK_CODE +

GAIN_MODE_CORRECTION) × 0.5

where:

READBACK_CODE is given by Bit RV7 to Bit RV1 in the

readback register (see the Readback Format section).

GAIN_MODE_CORRECTION is given by the values in Table 5.

LNA gain and filter gain (LG2/LG1, FG2/FG1) are also obtained

from the readback register.

Table 5. Gain Mode Correction

LNA Gain (LG2, LG1) Filter Gain (FG2, FG1)

Gain Mode

Correction

H (11) H (10) 0

M (10) H (10) 17

M (10) M (01) 53

M (10) L (00) 65

L (01) L (00) 90

EL (00) L (00) 113

These numbers are for an unmodulated tone. For a modulated

signal, the RSSI readback may have to be adjusted to get the

required accuracy. An additional factor should also be

introduced to account for losses in the front-end matching

network/antenna.

FSK DEMODULATORS ON THE ADF7025

The two FSK demodulators on the ADF7025 are

 FSK correlator/demodulator

 Linear demodulator

Select these using the Demod Select Bits R4_DB[4:5].

FSK CORRELATOR/DEMODULATOR

The quadrature outputs of the IF filter are first limited and then

fed to a pair of digital frequency correlators that perform band-

pass filtering of the binary FSK frequencies at (IF + FDEV) and

(IF − FDEV). Data is recovered by comparing the output levels

from each of the two correlators. The performance of this

frequency discriminator approximates that of a matched filter

detector, which is known to provide optimum detection in the

presence of AWGN.

POST

DEMOD FILTER

DATA

SYNCHRONIZER

– F

DEV

+ F

DEV

LIMITERS

DB(4:13) DB(8:15)

DB(14)

Rx DATA

Rx CLK

SLICERFREQUENC

CORRE

TOR

–

5542-029

Figure 29. FSK Correlator/Demodulator Block Diagram

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 21 of 41

Postdemodulator Filter

A second-order, digital low-pass filter removes excess noise

from the demodulated bit stream at the output of the

discriminator. The bandwidth of this postdemodulator filter is

programmable and must be optimized for the user’s data rate. If

the bandwidth is set too narrow, performance is degraded due

to intersymbol interference (ISI). If the bandwidth is set too

wide, excess noise degrades the receiver’s performance.

Typically, the 3 dB bandwidth of this filter is set at approximately

0.75 times the user’s data rate, using Bits R4_DB[6:15].

Bit Slicer

The received data is recovered by the threshold detecting the

output of the postdemodulator low-pass filter. In the correlator/

demodulator, the binary output signal levels of the frequency

discriminator are always centered on 0. Therefore, the slicer

threshold level can be fixed at 0, and the demodulator

performance is independent of the run-length constraints of the

transmit data bit stream. This results in robust data recovery,

which does not suffer from the classic baseline wander

problems that exist in more traditional FSK demodulators.

Data Synchronizer

An oversampled digital PLL is used to resynchronize the received

bit stream to a local clock. The oversampled clock rate of the

PLL (CDR_CLK) must be set at 32 times the data rate. See the

how to program. The clock recovery PLL can accommodate

frequency errors of up to ±2%.

FSK Correlator Register Settings

To enable the FSK correlator/demodulator, Bits R4_DB[5:4]

should be set to 01. To achieve best performance, the bandwidth

of the FSK correlator must be optimized for the specific deviation

frequency that is used by the FSK transmitter.

The discriminator BW is controlled in Register 6 by

R6_DB[4:13] and is defined as

DISCRIMINATOR_BW = DEMOD_CLK/(4 × FDEV)

where:

DEMOD_CLK is as defined in the Register 3—Receiver Clock

FDEV is the deviation from the carrier frequency in FSK

modulation.

Postdemodulator Bandwidth Register Settings

The 3 dB bandwidth of the postdemodulator filter is controlled

by Bits R4_DB[6:15] and is given by

CLKDEMOD

SETTINGBWDEMODPOST

CUTOFF

___

×π×

where FCUTOFF is the target 3 dB bandwidth in Hz of the post-

demodulator filter. This should typically be set to 0.75 times

the data rate (DR).

Some sample settings for the FSK correlator/demodulator are

DEMOD_CLK = 11.0592 MHz

DR = 200 kbps

FDEV = 300 kHz

Therefore,

FCUTOFF = 0.75 × 200 × 103 Hz

POST_DEMOD_BW = 211 × π × 150 × 103 Hz/(11.0592 MHz)

POST_DEMOD_BW = Round (87.266) = 87

and

DISCRIMINATOR_BW = (11.0592 MHz )/(4 × 300 × 103) =

9.21 = 9 (rounded to the nearest integer)

Table 6. Register Settings

Setting Name Register Address Value

POST_DEMOD_BW R4_DB[6:15] 0x09

DISCRIMINATOR_BW R6_DB[4:13] 0x58

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 22 of 41

LINEAR FSK DEMODULATOR

A block diagram of the linear FSK demodulator is shown in

Figure 30.

AVERAGING

FILTER

ENVELOPE

DETECTOR

SLICER

FREQ

0Hz

LEVEL

LIMITER

MUX 1

ADC RSSI OUTPUT

LINEAR DISCRIMINATOR

DB(6:15)

Rx DATA

–

05542-030

Figure 30. Block Diagram of Linear FSK Demodulator

This method of frequency demodulation is useful when very

short preamble length is required.

A digital frequency discriminator provides an output signal that

is linearly proportional to the frequency of the limiter outputs.

The discriminator output is then filtered and averaged using a

combined averaging filter and envelope detector. The demodu-

lated FSK data is recovered by threshold-detecting the output of

the averaging filter, as shown in Figure 30. In this mode, the

slicer output shown in Figure 30 is routed to the data synchro-

nizer PLL for clock synchronization. To enable the linear FSK

demodulator, Bits R4_DB[4:5] are set to [00].

The 3 dB bandwidth of the postdemodulation filter is set in the

same way as the FSK correlator/demodulator, which is set in

R4_DB[6:15] and is defined as

CLKDEMOD

SETTINGBWDEMODPOST CUTOFF

___

10 



where:

FCUTOFF is the target 3 dB bandwidth in Hz of the

postdemodulator filter.

DEMOD_CLK is as defined in the Register 3—Receiver Clock

AUTOMATIC SYNC WORD RECOGNITION

The ADF7025 also supports automatic detection of the sync or

ID fields. To activate this mode, the sync (or ID) word must be

preprogrammed into the ADF7025. In receive mode, this

preprogrammed word is compared to the received bit stream

and, when a valid match is identified, the external pin

INT/LOCK is asserted by the ADF7025.

This feature can be used to alert the microprocessor that a valid

channel has been detected. It relaxes the computational require-

ments of the microprocessor and reduces the overall power

consumption. The INT/LOCK is automatically de-asserted

again after nine data clock cycles.

The automatic sync/ID word detection feature is enabled by

selecting Demod Mode 2 or Demod Mode 3 in the demodulator

setup register. Do this by setting R4_DB[25:23] = [010] or

R4_DB[25:23] = [011]. Bits R5_DB[4:5] are used to set the

length of the sync/ID word, which can be either 12 bits, 16 bits,

20 bits, or 24 bits long. The transmitter must transmit the MSB

of the sync byte first and the LSB last to ensure proper

alignment in the receiver sync byte detection hardware.

For systems using FEC, an error tolerance parameter can also

be programmed that accepts a valid match when up to three bits

of the word are incorrect. The error tolerance value is assigned

in R5_DB[6:7].

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 23 of 41

APPLICATIONS SECTION

LNA/PA MATCHING

The ADF7025 exhibits optimum performance in terms of

sensitivity, transmit power, and current consumption only if its

RF input and output ports are properly matched to the antenna

impedance. For cost-sensitive applications, the ADF7025 is

equipped with an internal Rx/Tx switch, which facilitates the

use of a simple combined passive PA/LNA matching network.

Alternatively, an external Rx/Tx switch, such as the Analog

Devices ADG919, can be used, which yields a slightly improved

receiver sensitivity and lower transmitter power consumption.

External Rx/Tx Switch

Figure 31 shows a configuration using an external Rx/Tx switch.

This configuration allows an independent optimization of the

matching and filter network in the transmit and receive path,

and is, therefore, more flexible and less difficult to design than

the configuration using the internal Rx/Tx switch. The PA is

biased through Inductor L1, while C1 blocks dc current. Both

elements, L1 and C1, also form the matching network, which

transforms the source impedance into the optimum PA load

impedance, ZOPT_PA.

LNA

PA_O UT

RFIN

RFINB

BAT

ADF7025

ADG919

OPTIONAL

BPF

(SAW)

OPTIONAL

LPF

_RFIN

OPT

_PA

_RFIN

ANTENNA

Rx/Tx – SELECT

05542-031

Figure 31. ADF7025 with External Rx/Tx Switch

ZOPT_PA depends on various factors such as the required output

power, the frequency range, the supply voltage range, and the

temperature range. Selecting an appropriate ZOPT_PA helps to

minimize the Tx current consumption in the application. This

data sheet contains a number of ZOPT_PA values for representative

conditions. Under certain conditions, however, it is recommended

to obtain a suitable ZOPT_PA value by means of a load-pull

measurement.

Due to the differential LNA input, the LNA matching network

must be designed to provide both a single-ended to differential

conversion and a complex conjugate impedance match. The

network with the lowest component count that can satisfy these

requirements is the configuration shown in Figure 31, which

consists of two capacitors and one inductor.

A first-order implementation of the matching network can be

obtained by understanding the arrangement as two L-type

matching networks in a back-to-back configuration. Due to the

asymmetry of the network with respect to ground, a compro-

mise between the input reflection coefficient and the maximum

differential signal swing at the LNA input must be established.

The use of appropriate CAD software is strongly recommended

for this optimization.

Depending on the antenna configuration, the user might need a

harmonic filter at the PA output to satisfy the spurious emission

requirement of the applicable government regulations. The

harmonic filter can be implemented in various ways, such as a

discrete LC filter or T-stage filter. Dielectric low-pass filter

components such as the LFL18924MTC1A052 (for operation in

the 915 MHz band), or LFL18869MTC2A160 (for operation in

the 868 MHz band), both by Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd., represent an

attractive alternative to discrete designs. The immunity of the

ADF7025 to strong out-of-band interference can be improved

by adding a band-pass filter in the Rx path.

Internal Rx/Tx Switch

Figure 32 shows the ADF7025 in a configuration where the

internal Rx/Tx switch is used with a combined LNA/PA

matching network. This is the configuration used in the EVAL-

ADF7025DBZ1. For most applications, the slight performance

degradation of 1 dB to 2 dB caused by the internal Rx/Tx switch

is acceptable, allowing the user to take advantage of the cost-

saving potential of this solution. The design of the combined

matching network must compensate for the reactance presented

by the networks in the Tx and the Rx paths, taking the state of

the Rx/Tx switch into consideration.

LNA

PA_O UT

RFIN

RFINB

BAT

ADF7025

OPTIONAL

BPF OR LPF

_RFIN

OPT

_PA

_RFIN

NTENNA

05542-032

Figure 32. ADF7025 with Internal Rx/Tx Switch

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 24 of 41

The procedure typically requires several iterations until an

acceptable compromise is reached. The successful implementation

of a combined LNA/PA matching network for the ADF7025 is

critically dependent on the availability of an accurate electrical

model for the PC board. In this context, the use of a suitable CAD

package is strongly recommended. To avoid this effort, however, a

small form-factor reference design for the ADF7025 is provided,

including matching and harmonic filter components. The design

is on a 2-layer PCB to minimize cost. Gerber files are available

on product page at www.analog.com/ADF7025.

TRANSMIT PROTOCOL AND CODING

CONSIDERATIONS

PREAMBLE SYNC

WORD

FIELD DATA FIELD CRC

05542-033

Figure 33. Typical Format of a Transmit Protocol

A dc-free preamble pattern is recommended for FSK demodulation.

The recommended preamble pattern is a dc-free pattern such as

a 10101010… pattern. Preamble patterns with longer run-length

constraints such as 11001100…. can also be used. However, this

results in a longer synchronization time of the received bit

stream in the receiver.

Manchester coding can be used for the entire transmit protocol.

However, the remaining fields that follow the preamble header

do not have to use dc-free coding. For these fields, the ADF7025

can accommodate coding schemes with a run-length of up to

six bits without any performance degradation.

If longer run-length coding must be supported, the ADF7025

has several other features that can be activated. These involve a

range of programmable options that allow the envelope detector

output to be frozen after preamble acquisition.

DEVICE PROGRAMMING AFTER INITIAL POWER-UP

Table 7 lists the minimum number of writes needed to set up

the ADF7025 in either Tx or Rx mode after CE is brought high.

Additional registers can also be written to tailor the part to a

particular application, such as setting up sync byte detection.

When going from Tx to Rx or vice versa, the user needs to write

only to the N register to alter the LO by 200 kHz and to toggle

the Tx/Rx bit.

Table 7. Minimum Register Writes Required for Tx/Rx Setup

Mode Registers

Tx 0 1 2

Rx (FSK) 0 1 2 4 6 91

Tx to Rx and Rx to Tx 0

1 Register 9 should be programmed in receive mode in order to set the

recommended AGC threshold settings (low = 15, high = 79).

Figure 36 and Figure 37 show the recommended programming

sequence and associated timing for power-up from standby

mode.

INTERFACING TO MICROCONTROLLER/DSP

Low level device drivers are available for interfacing to the

ADF7025, the Analog Devices, Inc., ADuC841 microcontroller

or the Blackfin® ADSP-BF533 DSP using the hardware

connections shown in Figure 34 and Figure 35.

MISO

ADuC841

DF7025

MOSI

SCLOCK

P3.7

P3.2/INT0

P2.4

P2.5

TxRxDATA

RxCLK

INT/LOCK

SREAD

SLE

P2.6

P2.7

SDATA

SCLK

GPIO

05542-034

Figure 34. ADuC841 to ADF7025 Connection Diagram

MOSI

ADSP-BF533

ADF7025

MISO

PF5

RSCLK1

DT1PRI

DR1PRI

RFS1

PF6

SDATA

SLE

TxRxDATA

INT/LOCK

VCC

GND

VCC

GND

SCK SCLK

SREAD

TxRxCLK

5542-035

Figure 35. ADSP-BF533 to ADF7025 Connection Diagram

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 25 of 41

2.0mA

3.65mA

14mA

ADF7025 I

TIME

REG.

READY

WR0

WR1

VCO

WR3

WR4

WR6

19mA TO

22mA

AGC/

RSSI

CDR

RxDATA

T11

TOFF

TON

XTAL

5542-036

Figure 36. Rx Programming Sequence and Timing Diagram

Table 8. Power-Up Sequence Description

Parameter Value Description/Notes

Signal to

Monitor

T0 2 ms XTAL starts power-up after CE is brought high. This typically depends on the XTAL

type and the load capacitance specified.

CLKOUT

T1 10 μs Time for regulator to power up. The serial interface can be written to after this time. MUXOUT

T2, T3, T5,

T6, T7

32 × 1/SPI_CLK Time to write to a single register. Maximum SPI_CLK is 25 MHz.

T4 1 ms The VCO can power-up in parallel with the XTAL. This depends on the CVCO

capacitance value used. A value of 22 nF is recommended as a trade-off

between phase noise performance and power-up time.

CVCO pin

T8 150 μs

This depends on the number of gain changes the AGC loop needs to cycle through

and AGC settings programmed. This is described in more detail in the AGC Information

section.

Analog RSSI

on TEST_A pin

T9 5 × BIT_PERIOD This is the time for the clock and data recovery circuit to settle. This typically requires

5-bit transitions to acquire sync and is usually covered by the preamble.

T11 Packet length Number of bits in payload by the bit period.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 26 of 41

2.0mA

3.65mA

14mA

ADF7025 I

TIME

REG.

READY

WR0

WR1

XTAL + VCO

WR2

15mA TO

30mA

TxDATA

OFF

05542-037

Figure 37. Tx Programming Sequence and Timing Diagram

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 27 of 41

SERIAL INTERFACE

The serial interface allows the user to program the eleven 32-bit

registers using a 3-wire interface (SCLK, SDATA, and SLE). It

consists of a level shifter, a 32-bit shift register, and 11 latches.

Signals should be CMOS-compatible. The serial interface is

is low.

Data is clocked into the register, MSB first, on the rising edge of

each clock (SCLK). Data is transferred to one of 11 latches on

the rising edge of SLE. The destination latch is determined by

the value of the four control bits (C4 to C1). These are the

bottom four LSBs, DB3 to DB0, as shown in the timing diagram

in Figure 2. Data can also be read back on the SREAD pin.

READBACK FORMAT

The readback operation is initiated by writing a valid control

word to the readback register and setting the readback-enable

bit (R7_DB8 = 1). The readback can begin after the control

word has been latched with the SLE signal. SLE must be kept

high while the data is being read out. Each active edge at the

SCLK pin clocks the readback word out successively at the

SREAD pin, as shown in Figure 38, starting with the MSB first.

The data appearing at the first clock cycle following the latch

operation must be ignored.

RSSI Readback

The RSSI readback operation yields valid results in Rx mode.

The format of the readback word is shown in Figure 38. It

comprises the RSSI level information (Bit RV1 to Bit RV7), the

current filter gain (FG1 and FG2), and the current LNA gain

(LG1 and LG2) setting. The filter and LNA gain are coded in

accordance with the definitions in Register 9—AGC Register.

The input power can be calculated from the RSSI readback

value, as outlined in the RSSI/AGC section.

Battery Voltage ADCIN/Temperature Sensor Readback

The battery voltage is measured at Pin VDD4. The readback

information is contained in Bit RV1 to Bit RV7. This also

applies for the readback of the voltage at the ADCIN pin and

the temperature sensor. From the readback information, the

battery or ADCIN voltage can be determined using

VBATTERY = (BATTERY_VOLTAGE_READBACK)/21.1

VADCIN = (ADCIN_VOLTAGE_READBACK)/42.1

Silicon Revision Readback

The silicon revision readback word is valid without setting any

other registers, especially directly after power-up. The silicon

revision word is coded with four quartets in BCD format. The

product code (PC) is coded with two quartets extending from

Bit RV9 to Bit RV16. The revision code (RV) is coded with one

quartet extending from Bit RV1 to Bit RV8. The product code

should read back as PC = 0x25. The current revision code

should read as RC = 0x08.

Filter Calibration Readback

The filter calibration readback word is contained in Bit RV1 to

Bit RV8 and is for diagnostic purposes only. Using the automatic

filter calibration function, accessible through Register 6, is

recommended. Before filter calibration is initiated, Decimal 32

should be read back.

READBACK MODE

DB15

RV16

RSSI READBACK

BATTERY VOLTAGE/ADCIN/

TEMP. SENSOR READBACK

SILICON REVISION

FILTER CAL READBACK

READBACK VALUE

DB14

RV15

DB13

RV14

DB12

RV13

DB11

RV12

DB10

LG2

RV11

DB9

LG1

RV10

DB8

FG2

RV9

DB7

FG1

RV8

DB6

RV7

DB5

RV6

DB4

RV5

DB3

RV4

DB2

RV3

DB1

RV2

DB0

RV1

05542-038

Figure 38. Readback Value Table

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 28 of 41

REGISTERS

TR1

TRANSMIT/

RECEIVE

0 TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

M3 M2 M1 MUXOUT

0 REGULATOR READY (DEFAULT)

R DIVIDER OUTPUT

0 N DIVIDER OUTPUT

0 DIGITAL LOCK DETECT

1 ANALOG LOCK DETECT

1 THREE-STATE

1PLL TEST MODES

1- TEST MODES

PLE1 PLL ENABLE

0 PLL OFF

1 PLL ON

N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1

N COUNTER

DIVIDE RATIO

031

032

1253

1254

1255

15-BIT FRACTIONAL-N8-BIT INTEGER-N

Tx/Rx

PLL

ENABLE

MUXOUT

ADDRESS

BITS

M12

M13

M15

M14

M10

M11

TR1

PLE1

C2 (0)

C1 (0)

C3 (0)

C4 (0)

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

FRACTIONAL

DIVIDE RATIO

32764

32765

32766

32767

M15

M14

M13

...

05542-039

Figure 39. Register 0—N Register

 The Tx/Rx bit (R0_DB27) configures the part in Tx or Rx mode and also controls the state of the internal Tx/Rx switch.

 )

(15

NFractional

NInteger

XTAL

FOUT 

 If operating in 433 MHz band with the VCO band bit set, the desired frequency, FOUT, should be programmed to be twice the desired

operating frequency, due to removal of the divide-by-2 stage in feedback path.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 29 of 41

R3 R2 R1

RF R COUNTER

DIVIDE RATIO

X1 XTAL OSC

0OFF

1ON

VA2 VA1

FREQUENCY

OF OPERATION

0 850–920

0 860–930

1 870–940

1 880–950

XTAL

DOUBLER

0DISABLE

ENABLED

VCO BAND

(MHz)

0 862–956

1 431–478

CP2

CP1

RSET

ICP(MA)

3.6kΩ

000.3

010.9

101.5

112.1

VB4 VB3 VB2 VB1

VCO BIAS

CURRENT

00.25mA

00.5mA

14mA

IR2 IR1

FILTER

BANDWIDTH

0 600kHz

0 900kHz

1 1200kHz

1NOT USED

CL4 CL3 CL2 CL1

CLKOUT

DIVIDE RATIO

0OFF

130

VCO BIAS

CURRENT

VCO BAND

XOSC

ENABLE

CLOCKOUT

DIVIDE

ADDRESS

BITS

R COUNTER

XTAL

DOUBLER

VCO

ADJUST

IF FILTER BW

IR2

IR1

CL1

CL2

CL3

CL4

DD2

VB1

VB3

VB4

VA1

VA2

VB2

DD1

C2 (0)

C1 (1)

C3 (0)

C4 (0)

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

05542-040

Figure 40. Register 1—Oscillator/Filter Register

 The VCO Adjust Bits R1_DB[20:21] should be set to 0 for operation in the 862 MHz to 870 MHz band and set to 3 for operation in the

902 MHz to 928 MHz band.

 VCO bias setting should be 0xA for operation in the 862 MHz to 870 MHz band and 0xC for operation in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz

band. All VCO gain numbers are specified for these settings.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 30 of 41

MODULATION PARAMETER POWER AMPLIFIER

GFSK MOD

CONTROL

INDEX

COUNTER

TxDATA

INVERT

PA BIAS

MODULATION

SCHEME

ADDRESS

BITS

ENABLE

MUTE PA

UNTIL LOCK

MC3

IC1

IC2

DI1

PA2

PA1

C2 (1)

C1 (0)

C3 (0)

C4 (0)

PE1

MP1

MC2

MC1

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

DI1

TxDATA

PA2

PA1

PA BIAS

5µA

7µA

9µA

11µA

IC2

IC1

MC3

MC2

MC1

....

FOR FSK MODE,

F DEVIATION

PLL MODE

1 × F

STEP

2 × F

STEP

3 × F

STEP

511 × F

STEP

POWER AMPLIFIER OUTPUT LEVEL

PA OFF

–16.0dBm

–16 + 0.45dBm

–16 + 0.90dBm

13dBm

PE1

POWER AMPLIFIER

OFF

MP1

MUTE PA UNTIL

LOCK DETECT HIGH

OFF

MODULATION SCHEME

FSK

INVALID

05542-041

Figure 41. Register 2—Transmit Modulation Register

 FSTEP = PFD/1214.

 When operating in the 431 MHz to 464 MHz band, FSTEP = PFD/1215.

 PA bias default = 9 μA.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 31 of 41

FS8

FS7

FS3

...

FS2

FS1

CDR_CLK_DIVIDE

254

255

BK2

BK1

BBOS_CLK_DIVIDE

SK8

SK7

SK3

...

SK2

SK1

SEQ_CLK_DIVIDE

254

255 OK2

OK1

DEMOD_CLK_DIVIDE

SEQUENCER CLOCK DIVIDE CDR CLOCK DIVIDE

BB OFFSET

CLOCK DIVIDE

DEMOD

CLOCK DIVIDE

ADDRESS

BITS

SK8

SK7

FS1

FS2

FS3

FS4

FS8

SK1

SK3

SK4

SK5

SK6

SK2

FS5

FS6

FS7

OK2

OK1

C2(1)

C1(1)

C3(0)

C4(0)

BK1

BK2

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

05542-042

Figure 42. Register 3—Receiver Clock Register

 Baseband offset clock frequency (BBOS_CLK) must be greater than 1 MHz and less than 2 MHz, where:

DIVIDECLKBBOS

XTAL

CLKBBOS __

_

 The demodulator clock (DEMOD_CLK) must be < 12 MHz, where:

DIVIDECLKDEMOD

XTAL

CLKDEMOD __

_

 Data/clock recovery frequency (CDR_CLK) should be within 2% of (32 × data rate), where:

DIVIDECLKCDR

CLKDEMOD

CLKCDR __

_

Note that this can affect the choice of XTAL, depending on the desired data rate.

 The sequencer clock (SEQ_CLK) supplies the clock to the digital receive block. It should be close to 100 kHz.

DIVIDECLKSEQ

XTAL

CLKSEQ __

_

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 32 of 41

DEMODULATOR LOCK SETTING POSTDEMODULATOR BW

DEMOD

SELECT

DEMOD LOCK/

SYNC WORD MATCH

ADDRESS

BITS

DL8

DL7

DW3

DW4

DW5

DW6

DW10

DL1

DL3

DL4

DL5

DL6

DL2

DW7

DW8

DW9

DW2

DW1

C2(0)

C1(0)

C3(1)

C4(0)

DS1

DS2

LM2

LM1

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

DS2

DS1

DEMODULATOR

TYPE

LINEAR DEMODULATOR

CORRELATOR/DEMODULATOR

INVALID

LM2

DEMOD MODE

LM1

DEMOD LOCK/SYNC WORD MATCH

SERIAL PORT CONTROL – FREE RUNNING

SERIAL PORT CONTROL – LOCK THRESHOLD

SYNC WORD DETECT – FREE RUNNING

SYNC WORD DETECT – LOCK THRESHOLD

INTERRUPT/LOCK PIN LOCKS THRESHOLD

DEMOD LOCKED AFTER DL8–DL1 BITS

INT/LOCK PIN

–

OUTPUT

INPUT

–

DL8

DL7

DL8

DL3

...

DL2

DL1

LOCK_THRESHOLD_TIMEOUT

254

255

MODE5 ONLY

05542-043

Figure 43. Register 4—Demodulator Setup Register

 Demodulator Mode 1, Demodulator Mode 3, Demodulator Mode 4, and Demodulator Mode 5 are modes that can be activated to allow

the ADF7025 to demodulate data-encoding schemes that have run-length constraints greater than 7.

 POST_DEMOD_BW = DEMOD_CLK

Fπ2CUTOFF

11  , where the cutoff frequency (FCUTOFF) of the postdemodulator filter should typically be

0.75 times the data rate.

 For Mode 5, the Timeout Delay to Lock Threshold = (LOCK_THRESHOLD_SETTING)/SEQ_CLK, where SEQ_CLK is defined in the

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 33 of 41

PL2

PL1

SYNC BYTE

LENGTH

12 BITS

16 BITS

20 BITS

24 BITS

MT2

MT1

MATCHING

TOLERANCE

0 ERRORS

1 ERROR

2 ERRORS

3 ERRORS

SYNC BYTE SEQUENCE

CONTROL

BITS

SYNC BYTE

LENGTH

MATCHING

TOLERANCE

MT2

MT1

C2(0)

C1(1)

C3(1)

C4(0)

PL1

PL2

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

05542-044

Figure 44. Register 5—Sync Byte Register

 Sync byte detect is enabled by programming Bits R4_DB[25:23] to 010 or 011.

 This register allows a 24-bit sync byte sequence to be stored internally. If the sync byte detect mode is selected, then the INT/LOCK pin

goes high when the sync byte has been detected in Rx mode. Once the sync word detect signal has gone high, it goes low again after

nine data bits.

 The transmitter must transmit the MSB of the sync byte first and the LSB last to ensure proper alignment in the receiver sync byte

detection hardware.

 Choose a sync byte pattern that has good autocorrelation properties.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 34 of 41

DEMOD

RESET

CDR

RESET

DISCRIMINATOR BWIF FILTER DIVIDER

LNA

CURRENT

LNA MODE

DOT

PRODUCT

RxDATA

INVERT

IF FILTER

CAL

MIXER

LINEARITY

RESET

ADDRESS

BITS

FC4

FC3

FC7

TD5

TD6

TD7

TD8

LG1

LI1

ML1

CA1

FC1

FC2

LI2

TD9

TD10

DP1

TD4

TD3

FC8

FC9

RI1

C2(1)

C1(0)

C3(1)

C4(0)

TD1

TD2

FC6

FC5

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

RI1

RxDATA

INVERT

RxDATA

CA1

FILTER CAL

NO CAL

CALIBRATE

ML1

MIXER LINEARITY

DEFAULT

HIGH

DP1

DOT PRODUCT

CROSS PRODUCT

INVALID

LG1

LNA MODE

DEFAULT

REDUCED GAIN

FC3

FC1

FILTER CLOCK

DIVIDE RATIO

511

FC2

FC9

FC6

FC5

FC4

LI2

LI1

LNA BIAS

800µA (DEFAULT)

05542-045

Figure 45. Register 6—Correlator/Demodulator Register

 See the FSK Correlator/Demodulator section for an example of how to determine register settings.

 Nonadherence to correlator programming guidelines results in poor sensitivity.

 The filter clock is used to calibrate the LP filter. The filter clock divide ratio should be adjusted so that the frequency is 50 kHz. The

formula is XTAL/FILTER_CLOCK_DIVIDE.

 The filter should be calibrated only when the crystal oscillator is settled. The filter calibration is initiated every time Bit R6_DB19 is set

high.

 DISCRIMINATOR_BW = DEMOD_CLK/(4 × DEVIATION_FREQUENCY). See the FSK Correlator/Demodulator section. Maximum

value = 600.

 When LNA Mode = 1 (reduced gain mode), the Rx is prevented from selecting the highest LNA gain setting. This can be used when

linearity is a concern. See the Readback Format section for details of the different Rx modes.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 35 of 41

AD1AD2RB1RB2

RB3

DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2

C2(1) C1(1)

CONTROL

BITS

DB1 DB0

C3(1)C4(0)

READBACK

SELECT

ADC

MODE

AD2

AD1

ADC MODE

MEASURE RSSI

BATTERY VOLTAGE

TEMP SENSOR

TO EXTERNAL PIN

RB2

RB1

READBACK MODE

INVALID

ADC OUTPUT

FILTER CAL

SILICON REV

RB3

READBACK

DISABLED

ENABLED

05542-046

Figure 46. Register 7—Readback Setup Register

 Readback of the measured RSSI value is valid only in Rx mode. Readback of the battery voltage, the temperature sensor, and the voltage

at the external pin is not available in Rx mode if AGC is enabled.

 Readback of the ADC value is valid in Tx mode only if the log amp/RSSI has not been disabled through the Power-Down Bit R8_DB10.

The log amp/RSSI section is active by default upon enabling Tx mode.

 See the Readback Format section for more information.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 36 of 41

PD1PD2PD3PD4

PD5

DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2

C2(0) C1(0)

CONTROL

BITS

DB1 DB0

C3(0)C4(1)

LOG AMP/

RSSI

SYNTH

ENABLE

VCO

ENABLE

LNA/MIXER

ENABLE

FILTER

ENABLE

ADC

ENABLE

DEMOD

ENABLE

INTERNAL Tx/Rx

SWITCH ENABLE

PA ENABLE

Rx MODE

PD7

DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11

LR1 PD6

DB10 DB9

LR2SW1

PD7

PA (Rx MODE)

PA OFF

PA ON

SW1

Tx/Rx SWITCH

DEFAULT (ON)

OFF

PD6

DEMOD ENABLE

DEMOD OFF

DEMOD ON

PD5

ADC ENABLE

ADC OFF

ADC ON

LR2

LR1

RSSI MODE

RSSI OFF

RSSI ON

PD4

FILTER ENABLE

FILTER OFF

FILTER ON

PD3

LNA/MIXER ENABLE

LNA/MIXER OFF

LNA/MIXER ON

PLE1

(FROM REG 0)

PD2

LOOP

CONDITION

VCO/PLL OFF

PLL ON

VCO ON

PLL/VCO ON

PD1

5542-047

Figure 47. Register 8—Power-Down Test Register

 For a combined LNA/PA matching network, Bit R8_DB12 should always be set to 0. This is the power-up default condition.

 It is not necessary to write to this register under normal operating conditions.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 37 of 41

AGC HIGH THRESHOLD

LNA

GAIN

FILTER

GAIN

DIGITAL

TEST IQ

AGC

GAIN

CONTROL

FILTER

CURRENT

AGC LOW THRESHOLD

ADDRESS

BITS

FG2

FG1

GL5

GL6

GL7

GH1

GH5

GH6

GS1

GC1

LG1

LG2

GH7

GH2

GH3

GH4

GL4

GL3

C2(0)

C1(1)

C3(0)

C4(1)

GL1

GL2

FI1

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

FI1

FILTER CURRENT

LOW

HIGH

GS1

AGC SEARCH

AUTO AGC

HOLD SETTING

GC1

GAIN CONTROL

AUTO

USER

FG2

FG1

FILTER GAIN

INVALID

LG2

LG1

LNA GAIN

GL3

GL1

AGC LOW

THRESHOLD

GL2

GL7

GL6

GL5

GL4

GH3

GH1

RSSI LEVEL

CODE

GH2

GH7

GH6

GH5

GH4

05542-048

Figure 48. Register 9—AGC Register

 The recommended AGC threshold settings are AGC_LOW_THRESHOLD = 15, AGC_HIGH_THRESHOLD = 79.

The default settings (that is, if this register is not programmed) are AGC_LOW_THRESHOLD = 30,

default AGC_HIGH_THRESHOLD = 70. See the RSSI/AGC section for details.

 AGC high and low settings must be more than 30 apart to ensure correct operation.

 LNA gain of 30 is available only if LNA mode, R6_DB15, is set to 0.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 38 of 41

AGC DELAYI/Q GAIN ADJUST LEAK FACTOR

I/Q PHASE

ADJUST

UP/DOWN

RESERVED

SELECT

I/Q

SELECT

I/Q

PEAK RESPONSE

ADDRESS

BITS

SIQ1

PH3

GL4

GL5

GL6

GL7

DH4

GC1

GC3

GC4

GC5

UD1

GC2

DH1

DH2

DH3

PR4

PR3

PH4

SIQ2

C2(1)

C1(0)

C3(0)

C4(1)

PR1

PR2

PH2

PH1

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

SIQ2

SELECT IQ

PHASE TO I CHANNEL

PHASE TO Q CHANNEL

SIQ2

SELECT IQ

GAIN TO I CHANNEL

GAIN TO Q CHANNEL DEFAULT = 0xA DEFAULT = 0x2

DEFAULT = 0xA

05542-049

Figure 49. Register 10—AGC 2 Register

 Register 10 is not used under normal operating conditions.

 If adjusting AGC Delay or Leak Factor, clear Bit DB31 to Bit DB16.

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 39 of 41

COUNTER

RESET

DIGITAL

TEST MODES

Σ-∆

TEST MODES

ANALOG TEST

MUX IMAGE FILTER ADJUST

OSC TEST

FORCE

LD HIGH

SOURCE

PRESCALER

PLL TEST MODES

ADDRESS

BITS

SF6

SF5

SF1

SF2

SF3

SF4

PRE

C2(0)

C1(0)

C3(1)

C4(1)

QT1

CS1

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

PRESCALER

4/5 (DEFAULT)

8/9

CR1

COUNTER RESET

DEFAULT

RESET

CS1

CAL SOURCE

INTERNAL

SERIAL IF BW CAL

DEFAULT = 32. INCREASE

NUMBER TO INCREASE BW

IF USER CAL ON

5542-050

Figure 50. Register 12—Test Register

Using the Test DAC on the ADF7025 to Implement

Analog FM DEMOD and Measuring SNR

The test DAC allows the output of the postdemodulator filter

for both the linear and correlator/demodulators to be viewed

externally. It takes the 16-bit filter output and converts it to a

high frequency, single-bit output using a second-order error

feedback Σ-Δ converter. The output can be viewed on the

XCLKOUT pin. This signal, when IF-filtered appropriately, can

then be used to

 Monitor the signals at the FSK postdemodulator filter

output. This allows the demodulator output SNR to be

measured. Eye diagrams can also be constructed of the

received bit stream to measure the received signal quality.

 Provide analog FM demodulation.

While the correlators and filters are clocked by DEMOD_CLK,

CDR_CLK clocks the test DAC. Note that, although the test

DAC functions in a regular user mode, the best performance is

achieved when the CDR_CLK is increased up to or above the

frequency of DEMOD_CLK. The CDR block does not function

when this condition exists.

Programming the test register, Register 12, enables the test DAC.

Both the linear and correlator/demodulator outputs can be

multiplexed into the DAC.

signal in the case where there is an error in the received signal

frequency. If there is a frequency error in the signal, the user

should program half this value into the offset removal field. It

also has a signal gain term to allow usage of the maximum

dynamic range of the DAC.

Setting Up the Test DAC

 Digital test modes = 7: enables the test DAC, with no offset

removal (0x0001C00C).

 Digital test modes = 10: enables the test DAC, with offset

removal.

The output of the active demodulator drives the DAC; that is, if

the FSK correlator/demodulator is selected, the correlator filter

output drives the DAC.

ADF7025 Data Sheet

Rev. C | Page 40 of 41

KPKI

CONTROL

BITS

PULSE

EXTENSION

TEST DAC GAIN TEST DAC OFFSET REMOVAL

PE1

PE2

PE3

PE4

C2(0)

C1(1)

C3(1)

C4(1)

DB16

DB15

DB14

DB17

DB20

DB19

DB18

DB21

DB13

DB12

DB11

DB10

DB9

DB8

DB7

DB6

DB5

DB4

DB22

DB23

DB24

DB26

DB27

DB28

DB25

DB1

DB0

DB2

DB3

DB29

DB30

DB31

PE4

PE3

PE2

PULSE EXTENSION

NORMAL PULSE WIDTH

2× PULSE WIDTH

3× PULSE WIDTH

16× PULSE WIDTH

PE1

05542-051

Figure 51. Register 13—Offset Removal and Signal Gain Register

Because the linear demodulator output is proportional to frequency, it usually consists of an offset combined with a relatively low signal.

The offset can be removed, up to a maximum of 1.0, and gained to use the full dynamic range of the DAC, as follows:

DAC_INPUT = (2TEST_DAC_GAIN) × (Signal − TEST_DAC_OFFSET_REMOVAL/4096).

Data Sheet ADF7025

Rev. C | Page 41 of 41

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF

THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO

THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND

FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.

COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-WKKD.

0.50

BSC

BOTTOM VIEW

TOP VIEW

PIN 1

INDICATOR

7.00

BSC SQ

EXPOSED

PAD

PIN1

INDICATOR

4.25

4.10 SQ

3.95

0.45

0.40

0.35

SEATING

PLANE

0.80

0.75

0.70 0.05 MAX

0.02 NOM

0.20 MIN

0.20 REF

COPLANARITY

0.08

0.30

0.23

0.18

08-16-2010-B

Figure 52. 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ]

7 mm × 7 mm Body, Very Thin Quad

(CP-48-5)

Dimensions shown in millimeters

ORDERING GUIDE

Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option2

ADF7025BCPZ −40°C to +85°C 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ] CP-48-5

ADF7025BCPZ-RL −40°C to +85°C 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ] CP-48-5

ADF7025BCPZ-RL7 −40°C to +85°C 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_WQ] CP-48-5

EVAL-ADF70XXMBZ2 Evaluation Platform

EVAL-ADF7025DBZ1 902 MHz to 928 MHz Daughter Board

1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.

2 CP-48-5 package formerly CP-48-3.

registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

D05542-0-9/16(C)