MAX21105ELE+ - Maxim Integrated

General Description

The MAX21105 is a monolithic 3-axis gyroscopes plus

3-axis accelerometer inertial measurement units (IMU)

that provide unprecedented accuracy and stability over

temperature and time.

The MAX21105 is the industry’s most accurate 6 DoF

inertial measurement units capable of working with a

supply voltage as low as 1.71V designed to serve appli-

cations such as drone/helicopter toys, handsets and tab-

lets, game controllers, motion remote controls, and other

consumer devices.

In particular, the MAX21105 features low gyroscope

zero-rate level error (GZRLE), low and linear gyroscope

zero-rate level drift over temperature (GZRLDT) and low

gyroscope phase delay (GPD) that makes the MAX21105

ideally suited for both flight and camera platforms stabili-

zation on drone applications.

A large 512-byte FIFO extends the time during which the

application processor can stay in a power-saving state.

The MAX21105 is available in a 3mm x 3mm x 0.83mm

package 16-lead plastic land grid array (LGA) package and

can operate within a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C.

Benets and Features

●Accurate and Stable Performance Over Temperature

for Platform Stabilization

• Low and Linear Zero-Rate Level Error Drift Over

Temperature (0.025dps/°C typ)

• Low Bias Instability (4°/hour)

• 16-Bit Output Temperature Sensor

●Low-Power Operation Extends Battery Life

• 3.8mA Low-Noise Mode Gyroscope + Accelerometer

Current Consumption

• 2.2mA Low-Power Mode Gyroscope + Low-Noise

Mode Accelerometer Current Consumption

• Power-Down Mode Current 1.5µA

●Compact Package Reduces Board Space and

Enhances Device Reliability

• 3mm x 3mm x 0.83mm 16L LGA

• High Shock Survivability (10,000 g Shock Tolerant)

• -40°C to +85°C Extended Operating Temperature

Applications

●Platform Stabilization

●Motion Control with HMI (Human-Machine Interface)

●Motion-Enabled Portable Gaming GPS Navigation

●Inertial Navigation Systems

●Handsets and Tablets

Ordering Information appears and Recommended

Application Schematics continued at end of data sheet.

19-7458; Rev 0; 12/14

MAIN

APPLICATION

PROCESSOR

MAX21105

678

16 15 14

REGD

RSV1

N.C.

SCL

SDA

INT1

INT2

SA0

N.C.

INT1

RSV0

INT2

SA0_SDO

SDA_SDI_O

GND

SCL_CLK

N.C.

DDIO

C MODE

DDIO

Recommended Application Schematics

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

A ADC

GYRO

SENSE

DSP

MAX21105

REGISTERS

AND

FIFO

GYRO

DRIVE

CONTROL

A+G

MEMS

ACCELERO

SENSE

DSP

ACCELERO

RAW DATA

GYRO

RAW DATA

DAC

VDDIO

BIAS AND LDOs

ADC

A ADC

SPI/I2C

SLAVE

RSV0

SCL_CLK

SDA_SDI_O

SA0_SDO

RSV1

TEMPERATURE SENSOROTP

CLOCKING

INTERRUPTS

INT2

INT1

REGD GNDVDD

Functional Diagram

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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VDD .......................................................................-0.3V to +6.0V

VDDIO ...................................................................-0.3V to +6.0V

REGD ...................................... -0.3V to min (VDD + 0.3V,+2.2V)

INT1, INT2, SDA_SDI_O, SA0_SDO, SCL_CLK,

CS, RSV0, RSV1 ............... -0.3V to min (VDDIO + 0.3V, 6.0V)

Operating Temperature Range ........................... -40°C to +85°C

Junction Temperature ...................................................... +150°C

Storage Temperature Range ............................ -40°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+260°C

LGA

Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC) ............31.8°C/W

Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) ........160°C/W

(Note 1)

(VDD = VDDIO = 1.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

OPERATING CONDITIONS

VDD Supply VDD 1.71 1.8 3.6 V

VDDIO (Note 3) VDDIO 1.71 1.8 VDD +

0.3 V

CURRENT CONSUMPTION

IDD—Current Consumption

G Only Low-Power Mode

(Note 4)

IDDGE TA = +25°C, fGODR = 100Hz 1.9 2.3 mA

IDD—Current Consumption

G Low-Power + A Low-Noise

Mode (Note 4)

IDDGEA TA = +25°C, fGODR = 100Hz 2.2 2.6 mA

IDD—Current Consumption

G Only Low-Noise Mode IDDG TA = +25°C 3.6 4.2 mA

IDD—Current Consumption

G + A Low-Noise Mode IDDGA TA = +25°C 3.8 4.5 mA

IDD—Current Consumption

G Standby Mode IDDGSB TA = +25°C 1.7 2.1 mA

IDD—Current Consumption

A Only, Low-Power Mode

(Note 5)

IDDAE

fAODR = 100Hz, 8 averages, TA = +25°C 80 115

µA

fAODR = 25Hz, 8 averages, TA = +25°C 20 33

IDD—Current Consumption

A Low-Noise Mode IDDAN TA = +25°C 575 675 µA

IDD—Current Consumption

Power Down IDDPD TA = +25°C 1.5 10 µA

Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer

board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.

Drops onto hard surfaces can cause shocks of greater than 10,000g and can exceed the absolute maximum rating of the device.

Exercise care in handling to avoid damage.

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these

or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect

device reliability.

Package Thermal Characteristics

Electrical Characteristics

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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(VDD = VDDIO = 1.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

GYROSCOPE

Full-Scale Range GFSR User selectable

±250

dps

±500

±1000

±2000

Rate Noise Density (Note 6) GRND Low-noise mode,

TA = +25°C

0.009 0.025 dps/

√Hz

RMS Noise GRMS Low-noise mode, f

GODR

= 2000Hz,

GBWL

= 32Hz 0.06 dps

rms

GRMSE Low-power mode, f

GODR

= 100Hz 0.22

Sensitivity GS

GFSR = 250 120

digit/

dps

GFSR = 500 60

GFSR = 1000 30

GFSR = 2000 15

Sensitivity Error GSE

TA = +25°C

-2.5 +2.5 %

Sensitivity Drift Over

Temperature (Note 6) GSDT -0.05 +0.05 %/°C

Zero Rate Level Error GZRLE

TA = +25°C

-6 +6 dps

Zero Rate Level Drift Over

Temperature (Note 6) GZRLDT -0.15 +0.15 dps/°C

Angular Random Walk GARW 0.45 deg/√hr

Bias Stability GBS 4 deg/hr

Nonlinearity GNL GFSR = 2000 0.1 %FS

Cross Axis GCA

Absolute,

TA = +25°C

(Note 6) -5 ±1 +5

Relative to the accelerometer reference system,

TA = +25°C

-3 ±1 +3

Linear Acceleration Effect GLAE ±1g static applied,

TA = +25°C

±0.05 dps/g

Startup Time from Power

Down GSTPD 25 45 ms

Startup Time from Standby

(Note 7) GSTS GODR = 8kHz, GBWL = 400Hz 4 ms

Output Data Rate GODR User selectable, low-noise mode 5 8000 Hz

User selectable, low-power mode 5 200

ODR Accuracy GODRA

TA = +25°C

-10 +10 %

Mechanical Characteristics (Note 2)

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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(VDD = VDDIO = 1.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Lowpass Bandwidth

(Note 8) GBWL 2 2000 Hz

Highpass Bandwidth

(Note 9) GBWH 0.1 100 Hz

Phase Delay at 10Hz GPD GODR = 8kHz

GBWL = 2kHz 1.78 deg

Self-Test Output Shift GSTO X, Z axis,

TA = +25°C

+8 +50 %FS

Y axis,

TA = +25°C

-50 -8

ACCELEROMETER

Full-Scale Range AFSR User selectable

±2

±4

±8

±16

Noise Density (Note 6) AND Low-noise mode, AFSR = ±2g,

TA = +25°C

100 185 µg/√Hz

RMS Noise

ARMS Low-noise mode, AODR = 2000Hz,

ABWL = AODR/3, AFSR = 2g 2.6 mg

RMS

ARMSE Low-power mode, AODR = 100Hz,

ABWL = AODR/3, AFSR = 2g, 8 averages

2.7

Sensitivity AS

AFS = ±2g 15

digit/mg

AFS = ±4g 7.5

AFS = ±8g 3.75

AFS = ±16g 1.875

Sensitivity Error ASE AFS = ±2g,

TA = +25°C

-2.5 +2.5 %

Sensitivity Drift Over

Temperature (Note 6) ASDT AFSR = ±2g -0.028 +0.028 %/°C

Zero G Level Error at

Component Level AZGLEC AFSR = ±2g, X, Y axes,

TA = +25°C

-90 +90 mg

AFSR = ±2g, Z axis,

TA = +25°C

-120 +120

Zero G Level Error at

Board Level (Notes 6, 10) AZGLE AFSR = ±2g, X, Y axes,

TA = +25°C

-120 +120 mg

AFSR = ±2g, Z axis,

TA = +25°C

-180 +180

Zero G Level Drift Over

Temperature (Note 6) AZGLDT AFSR = ±2g, X, Y, Z axes -2.25 +2.25 mg/°C

Nonlinearity ANL AFSR = ±2g 0.5 %FS

Cross Axis AGCA AFSR = ±2g ±1 %

Output Data Rate AODR User selectable, low-noise mode 5 2000 Hz

User selectable, low-power mode 5 400

ODR Accuracy AODRA

TA = +25°C

-10 +10 %

Mechanical Characteristics (continued) (Note 2)

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(VDD = VDDIO = 1.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)

Mechanical Characteristics (continued) (Note 2)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Lowpass Bandwidth (Note 8) ABWL Low-noise mode AODR/48 AODR/3 Hz

Low-power mode AODR/48 AODR/2

Highpass Bandwidth (Note 9) ABWH AODR/400 AODR/50 Hz

Self-Test Output Shift ASTO

TA = +25°C

±80 ±800 mg

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Sensitivity TSS 8 bit 1 digit/°C

16 bit 256 digit/°C

Sensitivity Error TSSE ±2 %

Output at +25°C TSO 8 bit 25 digit

16 bit 6400

Bandwidth TSBW 4 Hz

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

ESD PROTECTION

Human Body Model HBM 2000 V

Charged Device Model CDM 500 V

IOs DC SPECIFICATIONS (Note 6)

Input Threshold Low VIL 0.3 x VDDIO V

Input Threshold High VIH 0.7 x VDDIO V

Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger

Input VHYS 0.05 x VDDIO V

Input Leakage Current ILK -1 +1 µA

I2C Internal Pullup Resistance

(Note 11) RI2CPU 4.5 10 kΩ

SPI SLAVE TIMING VALUES (Note 12)

CLK Frequency fC_CLK 10 MHz

CS Setup Time tSU_CS 10 ns

CS Hold Time tH_CS 15 ns

SDI Input Setup Time tSU_SDI 10 ns

SDI Input Hold Time tH_SDI 15 ns

CLK Fall to SDO Valid Output

Time tV_SDO 40 ns

SDO Output Hold Time tH_SDO 5 ns

Interface Specications (Note 2)

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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Note 2: Limits are 100% tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range and relevant supply voltage range are

guaranteed by design and characterization.

Note 3: VDDIO must be lower or equal than VDD supply for normal operation. With VDDIO supplied and VDD not supplied, the I/O

pads are in high impedance.

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

I2C TIMING VALUES (Note 6)

SCL Clock Frequency fSCL

Standard mode 100 kHz

Fast mode 400

Hold Time (Repeated) START

Condition tHD;STA

Standard mode 4 µs

Fast mode 0.6

Low Period of SCL Clock tLOW

Standard mode 4.7 µs

Fast mode 1.3

High Period of SCL Clock tHIGH

Standard mode 4.0 µs

Fast mode 0.6

Setup Time for a Repeated

START Condition tSU;STA

Standard mode 4.7 µs

Fast mode 0.6

Data Hold Time tHD;DAT

Standard mode 0 µs

Fast mode 0

Data Setup Time tSU;DAT

Standard mode 250 ns

Fast mode 100

Setup Time for STOP

Condition tSU;STO

Standard mode 4.0 µs

Fast mode 0.6

Bus Free Time Between a

STOP and a START Condition tBUF

Standard mode 4.7

µs

Fast mode 1.3

Data Valid Time tVD;DAT

Standard mode 3.45 µs

Fast mode 0.9

Data Valid Acknowledge Time tVD;ACK

Standard mode 3.45 µs

Fast mode 0.9

I2C TIMING VALUES (High-Speed Mode, Note 6)

SCLH Clock Frequency fSCLH HS mode 3.4 MHz

Setup Time for A REPEATED

START Condition tSU;STA HS mode 160 ns

Hold Time (Repeated) START

Condition tHD;STA HS mode 160 ns

Low Period of SCL Clock tLOW HS mode 160 ns

High Period of SCL Clock tHIGH HS mode 100 ns

Data Setup Time tSU;DAT HS mode 10 ns

Data Hold Time tHD;DAT HS mode 0 70 ns

Setup Time for STOP

Condition tSU;STO HS mode 160 ns

Interface Specications (continued) (Note 2)

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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Note 4: In low-power mode, the gyroscope has higher rate noise density, but lower current consumption. In this condition, the gyro

selectable output data rate (ODR) ranges from 5Hz to 200Hz.

Note 5: In low-power mode, the accelerometer has higher noise density, but lower current consumption. In this condition, the

selectable output data rate (ODR) of the accelerometer ranges from 5Hz to 400Hz.

Note 6: Guaranteed by design, not production tested.

Note 7: In standby, only the gyro drive circuit is powered on, and in this condition, the outputs are not available. In this condition,

the startup time depends only on the filters responses.

Note 8: User selectable.

Note 9: Enable/disable with user-selectable bandwidth.

Note 10: Values after MSL3 preconditioning and 3 reflow cycles.

Note 11: Pullup resistances are user selectable.

Note 12: 10pF load on SPI lines. Min Max based on characterization results.

H_SO

CLK

SDI

SDO

SU_CS

CSW

H_CS

1 2 8 9 10

SU_SI

C_CLK

Hi-Z

H_SI

V_SDO

Hi-Z

CLK

SDI

SDO

SU_CS

SU_SI

H_SI

H_CS

CSW

8 9 10

C_CLK

Hi-Z

V_SDI

Hi-Z

SPI Timing

4-Wire SPI Mode

3-Wire SPI Mode

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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tSU;DAT

tVD;DAT

tHD;DAT

tHD;STA

tSU;STA

VIL = 0.3VDD

VIH = 0.7VDD

tLOW

tBUF

tSU;STO

tVD;ACK

9th CLOCK

9th CLOCK 002aac938

1/fSCL

1st CLOCK CYCLE

tHIGH

70%

30%

70%

30%

70%

30%

70%

30%

70%

30%

70%

Sr SP

SCL

SDA

30%

30% cont.

cont.

tFtR

tHD;STA

= MCS CURRENT SOURCE PULLUP

SCLH

SDAH

= RP RESISTOR PULLUP

tLOW

trCL trCL1

Sr P

tfCL

tSU;DAT

tSU;STO

tHD;DAT

tHD;STA

tSU;STA

tfDA trDA

trCL1

tHIGH

(1)

(1) FIRST RISING EDGE OF THE SCLH SIGNAL AFTER Sr AND AFTER EACH ACKNOWLEDGE BIT.

I2C HIGH-SPEED DIAGRAM

I2C Timing

Standard/Fast Mode I2C Bus Timing

High-Speed Mode I2C Bus Timing

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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PIN NAME FUNCTION

1 VDDIO Interface and Interrupt Pad Supply Voltage

2, 3,

15, 16 N.C. Not Connected Internally

4 SCL_CLK SPI and I2C Slave Clock. When in I2C mode, the IO has selectable antispike lter and delay to

ensure correct hold time.

5 GND Power-Supply Ground.

6 SDA_SDI_O SPI In/Out Pin and I2C Slave Serial Data. When in I2C mode, the IO has selectable antispike lter

and delay to ensure correct hold time.

7 SA0_SDO SPI Serial Data Out and I2C Slave Address LSB

8 CS SPI Chip Select/Serial Interface Selection

9 INT2 Second Interrupt Line

10 RSV0 Reserved. Must be connected to GND.

11 INT1 First Interrupt Line

12 RSV1 Reserved. Must be left unconnected or connected to GND.

13 REGD Internal regulator output 2.2V max. A 100nF capacitor has to be connected to this pin for ensuring

proper device operation.

14 VDD Analog Power Supply. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor.

TOP VIEW

MAX21105

LGA

INT2

RSV0

INT1

RSV1

REGD

GND

SCL_CLK

N.C.

DDIO

15 14

876

SDA_SDI_O

N.C.

SA0_SDO

Pin Description

Pin Conguration

MAX21105 Low-Power, Ultra-Accurate 6 DoF IMU

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Detailed Description

The MAX21105 is a low-power, low voltage, small pack-

age 6-axis inertial measurement unit that provides

unprecedented accuracy and stability over temperature

and time.

The MAX21105 integrates a 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis

linear accelerometer in a 3mm x 3mm x 0.83mm package

capable of working with a supply voltage as low as 1.71V.

They include a sensing element and an IC interface

capable of providing the measured angular rate and

acceleration to the external world through a digital inter-

face (I2C/SPI).

The MAX21105 sensor data can be stored into a 512-

byte, fully configurable, embedded FIFO.

The MAX21105 features a wide selection of dynamically

selectable power modes that allow the user to optimize

the system power consumption based on the application

needs.

The MAX21105 has a full scale of ±250/±500/±1000/±2000

dps for gyroscope and ±2/±4/±8/±16g for accelerometer. It

is capable of measuring angular rates and accelerations

with a user-selectable bandwidth.

The MAX21105 is available in a 3mm x 3mm x 0.83mm

16-lead plastic land grid array (LGA) package and oper-

ate over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range.

Denitions

Power supply [V]: This parameter defines the operat-

ing DC power-supply voltage range of the 6DoF inertial

measurement unit. Although it is always a good practice

to keep VDD clean with minimum ripple, unlike most of the

competitors, who require an ultra-low noise, low-dropout

regulator to power the device, the MAX21105 can operate

at 1.71V, but that supply can also be provided by a switch-

ing regulator to minimize the system power consumption.

Current consumption in low-noise mode [mA]: This

parameter defines the typical current consumption when

the 6DoF inertial measurement unit is operating with the

lowest noise for both the accelerometer and gyroscope.

Current consumption in low-power mode [mA]: This

parameter defines the current consumption when the

6DoF inertial measurement unit is in low-power mode.

Whilst in low-power mode, the MAX21105 significantly

reduces power consumption, but increase noise.

Current consumption in power-down mode [µA]: This

parameter defines the current consumption when the

6DoF inertial measurement unit is powered down. In this

mode, both the mechanical sensing structure and read-

ing chain are turned off. Users can configure the control

access to the control registers through the I2C/SPI inter-

faces is also guaranteed in power-down mode.

Gyroscope full-scale range [dps]: This parameter

defines the measurement range of the gyroscope in

degrees per second (dps). When the applied angular

rate is beyond the full-scale range, the gyroscope output

becomes saturated.

Zero-rate level [dps]: This parameter defines the DC

device output when there is no external angular rate

applied to the gyroscope.

Gyroscope sensitivity [digit/dps]: Sensitivity is the

relationship between 1 LSb and dps. It can be used to

convert a digital gyroscope’s measurement from digits to

angular rate.

Zero-rate level change vs. temperature [dps/°C]: This

parameter defines the zero-rate level change in dps/°C

over the operating temperature range.

Gyroscope sensitivity change vs. temperature [%/°C]:

This parameter defines the gyroscope sensitivity change

as a percentage (%) over the operating temperature

range specified in the data sheet.

Gyroscope nonlinearity [% FS]: This parameter defines

the maximum absolute difference between the gyroscope

output and the best-fit straight line as a percentage of the

gyroscope full-scale (GFS) range.

Gyroscope bandwidth [Hz]: This parameter defines the

frequency of the angular rate signal from DC to the built-

in bandwidth (GBWL) that the gyroscope can measure. A

dedicated register can be used to select the gyroscope

bandwidth.

Rate noise density [dps/√Hz]: This parameter defines

the square root of the equivalent noise power density of

the gyroscope angular rate.

Accelerometer full-scale range [g]: This parameter

defines the measurement range of the accelerometer in

g. When the applied acceleration is beyond the full-scale

range, the accelerometer output becomes saturated.

Zero-g level [mg]: This parameter defines the DC device

output when there is no external acceleration applied to

the accelerometer.

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Accelerometer sensitivity [digit/g]: Sensitivity is the

relationship between LSb and g. It can be used to convert

a digital acceleration measurement from digits to g.

Zero-g level change vs. Temperature [mg/°C]: This

parameter defines the zero-g level change in mg/°C over

the operating temperature range.

Accelerometer Sensitivity change vs. temperature

[%/°C]: This parameter defines the accelerometer sen-

sitivity change as a percentage (%) over the operating

temperature range specified in the data sheet.

Accelerometer nonlinearity [% FS]: This parameter

defines the maximum absolute difference between the

accelerometer output and the best-fit straight line as a

percentage of the full-scale (FS) range.

Accelerometer bandwidth [Hz]: This parameter defines

the frequency of the acceleration signal from DC to the

built-in bandwidth (ABWL) that the accelerometer can

measure. A dedicated register can be used to select the

accelerometer bandwidth.

Accelerometer noise density [µg/√Hz]: This parameter

defines the square root of the equivalent noise power

density of accelerometer linear acceleration.

MAX21105 Architecture

The MAX21105 comprises the following key blocks and

functions:

●3-axis MEMS gyroscope sensor with 16-bit ADCs

and signal conditioning

●3-axis MEMS accelerometer sensor with 16-bit ADCs

and signal conditioning

●Slave I2C and SPI serial communications

interfaces

●Interrupt generators

●Digital output temperature sensor

●Power management enabling different power modes

●Sensor data registers

●FIFO

●Self-test functionality

Three-Axis MEMS Gyroscope with 16-Bit

ADCs and Signal Conditioning

The MAX21105 includes a MEMS gyroscope that detects

angular rates around the X, Y, and Z axes through the

related IC interface. When the gyroscope rotates around

any of the sensing axes, the Coriolis Force determines a

displacement in the MEMS structure, which is detected

as a capacitive variation. The resulting signal is then

processed by the 16-bit ADC to produce a digital output

proportional to the angular rate. The gyro full-scale range

can be digitally programmed at ±250, ±500, ±1000 or

±2000 dps.

Three-Axis MEMS Accelerometer Sensor with

16-Bit ADCs and Signal Conditioning

The MAX21105 includes a MEMS accelerometer that

detects linear accelerations along the X, Y, and Z axes.

The acceleration applied to one of the sensing axes

causes a displacement of the MEMS structure which is

detected as a capacitive variation. The signal is then con-

verted in the digital domain by 16-bit ADC and is available

to the user as a digital output proportional to the applied

acceleration. The accelerometer full-scale range can be

digitally programmed at ±2, ±4, ±8 or ±16 g.

Slave I2C and SPI Serial Communications

Interfaces

The registers embedded inside the MAX21105 can be

accessed through both the slave I2C and SPI serial inter-

faces. The latter can be SW configured to operate either

in 3-wire or 4-wire interface mode.

The serial interfaces are mapped onto the same pins. To

select/exploit the I2C interface, CS line must be tied high

(i.e., connected to VDDIO).

I2C Interface

I2C is a two-wire interface comprised of the signals

serial data (SDA) and serial clock (SCL). In general, the

lines are open-drain and bidirectional. In a generalized

I2C interface implementation, attached devices can be

a master or a slave. The master device puts the slave

address on the bus, and the slave device with the match-

ing address acknowledges the master.

The MAX21105 operates as a slave device when com-

municating to the system processor, which thus acts as the

master. SDA and SCL lines typically need pull-up resistors

to VDDIO. The maximum bus speed is 3.4MHz (I2C HS);

this reduces the amount of time the system processor is

kept busy in supporting the exchange of data.

The slave address of the MAX21105 is b101100X, which

is 7 bits long. The LSb of the 7-bit address is determined

by the logic level on pin SA0. This allows two MAX21105s

to be connected on the same I2C bus.

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When used in this configuration, the address of one of

the two devices should be b1011000 (pin SA0_SD0 is

set to logic low) and the address of the other should be

b1011001 (pin SA0_SD0 is set to logic-high).

SPI Interface

The MAX21105 SPI can operate up to 10MHz, in both

3-wires (half duplex) and 4-wires mode (full duplex).

It is recommended to set the I2C_OFF bit at address 0x16

if the MAX21105 is used together with other SPI devices to

avoid the possibility to switch inadvertently into I2C mode

when traffic is detected with the CS unasserted.

The MAX21105 operates as an SPI slave device.Both the

read register and write register commands are completed

in 16 clock pulses, or in multiples of 8 in case of multiple

read/write bytes. Bit duration is the time between two fall-

ing edges of CLK.

The first bit (bit 0) starts at the first falling edge of CLK

after the falling edge of CS while the last bit (bit 15, bit 23,

etc.) starts at the last falling edge of CLK just before the

rising edge of CS.

Bit 0: RW bit. When 0, the data DI(7:0) is written to the

device. When 1, the data DO(7:0) from the device is read.

In the latter case, the chip drives SDO at the start of bit 8.

Bit 1: MS bit. Depending on the configuration of IF_

PARITY this bit may either be used to operate in multi-

addressing standard mode or to check the parity with the

If used as a MS bit, when 1, the address remains

unchanged in multiple read/write commands, whilst when

0, the address is autoincremented in multiple read/write

commands.

Bit 2–7: Address AD(5:0). This is the address field of the

indexed register.

Bit 8–15: Data DI(7:0) (write mode). This is the data that

is written to the device (MSb first).

Bit 8–15: Data DO(7:0) (read mode). This is the data that

is read from the device (MSb first).

SPI Half- and Full-Duplex Operation

The MAX21105 can be programmed to operate in half-

duplex (a bidirectional data pin) or full-duplex (one data-in

and one data-out pin) mode. The SPI master sets a reg-

ister bit called SPI_3_WIRE into I2C_CFG (0x16) to 0 for

full-duplex, and 1 for half-duplex operation. Full duplex is

the power-on default.

Full-Duplex Operation

The MAX21105 is put into full-duplex mode at power-up.

When the SPI master clears the SPI_3_WIRE bit, the

SPI interface uses separate data pins, SDI and SDO, to

transfer data. Because of the separate data pins, bits can

be simultaneously clocked into and out of the MAX21105.

The MAX21105 makes use of this feature by clocking out

8 output data bits as the command byte is clocked in.

Table 1. Digital Interface Pin Description

Table 2. I2C Address

NAME DESCRIPTION

CS SPI enable and I2C/SPI mode selection (1: I2C mode, 0: SPI enabled)

SCL/CLK SPI and I2C clock. When in I2C mode, the IO has selectable anti-spike lter and delay to ensure correct

hold time.

SDA/SDI/SDO SPI in/out pin and I2C serial data. When in I2C mode, the IO has selectable antispike lter and delay to

ensure correct hold time.

SDO/SA0 SPI serial data out or I2C slave address LSb

I2C BASE ADDRESS SA0/SDO PIN R/W BIT RESULTING ADDRESS

0x2C (6 bit) 0 0 0xB0

0x2C 0 1 0xB1

0x2C 1 0 0xB2

0x2C 1 1 0xB3

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Reading from the SPI Slave Interface (SDO)

The SPI master reads data from the MAX21105 slave

interface using the following steps:

1) When CS is high, the MAX21105 is unselected and

three-states the SDO output.

2) After driving SCL_CLK to its inactive state, the SPI

master selects the MAX21105 by driving CS low.

3) The SPI master clocks the command byte into the

MAX21105. The SPI read command is performed with

16 clock pulses. Multiple byte read command is per-

formed adding blocks of 8 clock pulses at the previous

one.

Bit 0: READ bit. The value is 1.

Bit 1: MS bit. When 1, do not increment address,

when 0, increment address in multiple reading.

Bit 2–7: Address AD(5:0). This is the address field of

the indexed register.

Bit 8–15: Data DO(7:0) (read mode). This is the data

that is read from the device (MSb first).

Bit 16–... : Data DO(...-8). Further data in multiple byte

reading. After 16 clock cycles, the master can drive CS

high to deselect the MAX21105, causing it to three-

state its SDO output. The falling edge of the clock puts

the MSB of the next data byte in the sequence on the

SDO output.

4) By keeping CS low, the master clocks register data

bytes out of the MAX21105 by continuing to supply

SCL_CLK pulses (burst mode). The master terminates

the transfer by driving CS high. The master must

ensure that SCL_CLK is in its inactive state at the

beginning of the next access (when it drives CS low).

Writing to the SPI Slave Interface (SDI)

The SPI master writes data to the MAX21105 slave inter-

face through the following steps:

1) The SPI master sets the clock to its inactive state.

While CS is high, the master can drive the SDI input.

2) The SPI master selects the MAX21105 by driving CS

low

3) The SPI master clocks the command byte into the

MAX21105. The SPI write command is performed with 16

clock pulses. Multiple byte write command is performed

adding blocks of 8 clock pulses at the previous one.

Bit 0: WRITE bit. The value is 0.

Bit 1: MS bit. When 1, do not increment address,

when 0, increment address in multiple writing.

Bit 2–7: address AD(5:0). This is the address field of

the indexed register.

Bit 8–15: Data DI(7:0) (write mode). This is the data

that is written inside the device (MSb first).

Bit 16–... : data DI(...-8). Further data in multiple byte

writing.

4) By keeping CS low, the master clocks data bytes into

the MAX21105 by continuing to supply SCL_CLK

pulses (burst mode). The master terminates the trans-

fer by driving CS high. The master must ensure that

SCL_CLK is inactive at the beginning of the next

access (when it drives CS low).

Half-Duplex Operation

When the SPI master sets SPI_3_WIRE = 1, the

MAX21105 is put into half-duplex mode. In half-duplex

mode, the MAX21105 three-states its SDO pin and makes

the SDI pin bidirectional, saving a pin in the SPI interface.

The SDO pin can be left unconnected in half-duplex

operation. The SPI master accesses a MAX21105 regis-

ter as follows: the SPI master sets the clock to its inactive

state. While CS is high, the master can drive the SDI pin

to any value.

1) The SPI master selects the MAX21105 by driving CS

low and placing the first data bit (MSB) to write on the

SDI input.

2) The SPI master turns on its output driver and clocks

the command byte into the MAX21105. The SPI read

command is performed with 16 clock pulses:

Bit 0: READ bit. The value is 1.

Bit 1: MS bit. When 1, do not increment address,

when 0, increment address in multiple reading.

Bit 2-7: address AD(5:0). This is the address field of

the indexed register.

Bit 8-15: data DO(7:0) (read mode). This is the data

that is read from the device (MSb first).

Multiple read command is also available in 3-wire

mode.

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Interrupt Generators

The MAX21105 offers two completely independent inter-

rupt generators, to ease the SW management of the

interrupt generated. For instance, one line could be used

to signal a DATA_READY event whilst the other line might

be used, for instance, to notify the completion of the inter-

nal start-up sequence.

Interrupt functionality can be configured through the

Interrupt Configuration registers. Configurable items

include the INT pin level and duration, the clearing meth-

od as well as the required triggers for the interrupts.

The interrupt status can be read from the Interrupt Status

registers.

The event that has generated an interrupt is available in

both forms: latched and unlatched.

Interrupt sources may be enabled/ disabled and cleared

individually. The list of possible interrupt sources

includes the following conditions: DATA_READY, FIFO_

EMPTY, FIFO_THRESHOLD, FIFO_OVERRUN, OTP_

DOWNLOAD.

The interrupt generation can also be configured as

latched, unlatched or timed, with programmable length.

When configured as latched, the interrupt can be cleared

by reading the corresponding status register (clear-on-

read) or by writing an appropriate mask to the status

Digital-Output Temperature Sensor

An digital output temperature sensor is used to measure

the MAX21105 die temperature. The readings from the

ADC can be accessed from the Sensor Data registers.

The temperature data is split over 2 bytes. For faster and

less accurate reading, accessing the MSB allows to read

the temperature data as an absolute value expressed in

Celsius degrees. By reading the LSB, the accuracy is

greatly increased, up to 256 digit/°C.

Power Modes

The MAX21105 features nine power modes, allowing

selecting the appropriate tradeoff between power con-

sumption, noise level, accuracy and turn-on time.

The transition between different power modes can be con-

trolled with the software by explicitly setting a power mode

in the Configuration register.

Gyro Low-Noise Mode

In gyro low-noise mode, only the gyro is switched on and

it is operational with minimum noise level.

Gyro Low-Power Mode

In this power mode, only the gyro is switched on and it

is operating in low-power mode. The low-power mode

allows to reduce power consumption with the same sen-

sor accuracy at the price of a higher rate noise density.

This unique MAX21105 features can be activated for the

gyro with different ODR from 5Hz to 200Hz.

Gyro Standby Mode

To reduce power consumption and have a shorter turn-

on time, the IC features a standby mode for the gyro.

In standby mode, the MAX21105 gyro does not gen-

erate data because a significant portion of the signal

processing resources is turned off to save power. Still, this

mode enables a much quicker turn-on time.

Acc Low-Noise Mode

In acc low-noise mode, only the accelerometer is switched

on. It is operational with minimum noise level.

Acc Low-Power Mode

In this power mode, only the accelerometer is switched

on, and it is operating in low-power mode. The low-power

mode allows to reduce power consumption with the same

sensor accuracy at the price of a higher accelerometer

noise density.

This feature can be activated for accelerometer with dif-

ferent ODR from 5Hz to 400Hz.

Power-Down Mode

In Power-Down Mode, the IC is configured to minimize the

power consumption. In Power-Down Mode, registers can

still be read and written, but neither sensor can generate

new data. Compared to Standby Mode, it takes longer to

activate the IC and start collecting data from the sensors.

Sensor Data Output Registers

The sensor data registers contain the latest gyroscope,

accelerometer, and temperature measurement data.

They are read-only registers and are accessed through

the serial interface. Data from these registers can be read

at anytime. However, the interrupt function can be used to

determine when new data is available.

FIFO

The MAX21105 embeds a 512-byte data FIFO. The user

can flexibly select the set of axis data to be stored in

FIFO.This allows a power saving at system level as the

host processor does not need to continuously poll data

from the sensor, but it can wake up only when needed

and burst the significant data out from the FIFO.

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The FIFO buffer can work according to four main modes:

off, normal, interrupt, and snapshot.

When configured in snapshot mode, it offers the ideal

mechanism to capture the data following an external inter-

rupt event.

Both normal and interrupt modes can be optionally

configured to operate in overrun mode, depending on

whether, in case of buffer underrun, newer or older data

are accepted to be lost.

Various FIFO status flags can be enabled to generate

interrupt events on INT1/INT2 pin.

FIFO Off Mode

In this mode, the FIFO is turned off; data are stored only

in the data registers and no data are available from the

FIFO if read.

When the FIFO is turned off, there are essentially two

options to use the device: synchronous and asynchro-

nous reading through the data registers.

Synchronous Reading

In this mode, the processor reads the data set (e.g.,

6 bytes for a 3 axes configuration) generated by the

MAX21105 every time that DATA_READY is set. The

processor must read once and only once the data set in

order to avoid data inconsistencies.

Benefits of using this approach include the perfect recon-

struction of the signals coming the MAX21105 with the

minimum data traffic.

Asynchronous Reading

In this mode, the processor reads the data generated by

the MAX21105, regardless the status of the DATA_READY

flag. To minimize the error caused by different samples

being read a different number of times, the access fre-

quency to be used must be much higher than the selected

ODR. This approach normally requires a much higher BW.

FIFO Normal Mode

Overrun = false

●FIFO is turned on.

●FIFO is filled with the data at the selected output

data rate (ODR).

●When FIFO is full, an interrupt can be generated.

●When FIFO is full, all the new incoming data is dis-

charged. Reading only a subset of the data already

stored into the FIFO keeps locked the possibility for

new data to be written.

●Only if all the data are read, the FIFO restarts saving data.

●If communication speed is high, data loss can be

prevented.

●To prevent a FIFO-full condition, the required condi-

tion is to complete the reading of the data set before

the next DATA_READY occurs.

●If this condition is not guaranteed, data can be lost.

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Overrun = true

●FIFO is turned on.

●FIFO is filled with the data at the selected ODR.

●When FIFO is full, an interrupt can be generated.

●When FIFO is full, the oldest data is overwritten with

the new ones.

●If communication speed is high, data integrity can be

preserved.

●In order to prevent a FIFO_WR_FULL condition, the

required condition is to complete the reading of the

data set before the next DATA_READY occurs.

●If this condition is not guaranteed, data can be

overwritten.

Interrupt Mode

Overrun = false

●FIFO is initially disabled. Data are stored only in the

data registers.

●When an interrupt (either INT_OR or INT_AND) is

generated, the FIFO is turned on automatically. It

stores the data at the selected ODR.

●When FIFO is full, all the new incoming data is dis-

charged. Reading only a subset of the data already

stored into the FIFO keeps locked the possibility for

new data to be written.

●Only if all the data are read the FIFO restarts saving

data when a new event is generated.

Overrun = true

●FIFO is initially disabled. Data are stored only in the

data registers.

●When an interrupt (either INT_OR or INT_AND) is

generated, the FIFO is turned on automatically. It

stores the data at the selected ODR.

●When FIFO is full, an interrupt can be generated.

●When FIFO is full, the oldest data is overwritten with

the new ones.

●If communication speed is high, data integrity can be

preserved.

●In order to prevent a FIFO_WR_FULL condition, the

required condition is to complete the reading of the

data set before the next DATA_READY occurs.

●If this condition is not guaranteed, data can be over-

written.

Snapshot Mode

●FIFO is initially in normal mode with overrun enabled.

●When an interrupt (either INT_OR or INT_AND) is

generated, the FIFO switches automatically to not-

overrun mode, and data stops being saved in the

FIFO, regardless whether the FIFO is full or not.

●When FIFO is full, an interrupt can be generated.

●When FIFO is full, all the new incoming data is dis-

charged. Reading only a subset of the data already

stored into the FIFO keeps locked the possibility for

new data to be written.

●Only if all the data are read the FIFO restarts saving

data in overrun mode.

Table 3. Power Modes

NAME DESCRIPTION

Gyro Low Noise Only gyroscope is switched on and it is operational with maximum performances.

Gyro Low Power Only gyroscope is switched on and operates to reduce the average current consumption.

Gyro Standby The gyroscope is in standby mode, the current consumption is reduced by 50%, with a shorter

turn-on time.

Acc Low Noise Only accelerometer is switched on and it is operational with maximum performances.

Acc Low Power Only accelerometer is switched on and operates to reduce the average current consumption.

Gyro Low-Noise Mode +

Acc Low-Noise Mode Acc and gyro are both switched on in low-noise mode.

Gyro Low-Power +

Acc Low-Noise Mode Acc is in low-noise mode, while the gyro is low-power mode.

Gyro Standby +

Acc Low-Noise Mode Acc is in low-noise mode, while the gyro is standby mode.

Power-Down This is the minimum power consumption mode, at the price of a longer turn-on time.

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Self-Test

Gyroscope

This gyroscope embedded self-test feature can be used

to verify if the gyroscope is working properly without

physically rotating the device. That may be used either

before or after it is assembled on a PCB. If the gyroscope’s

outputs are within the specified self-test values in the data

sheet, then the gyroscope is working properly.

Accelerometer

The accelerometer embedded self-test feature is used to

verify the sensor functionality without physically moving

the device. When this feature is enabled, an electrostatic

test force is applied to the mechanical sensing element

Figure 1. FIFO Normal mode, Overrun = False

Figure 2. FIFO Normal Mode, Overrun = True

MAX

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD THRESHOLD

MAX

LEVEL INCREMENTS WITH NEW

SAMPLES STORED AND DECREMENTS

WITH NEW READINGS.

FIFO_TH INTERRUPT

GENERATED.

FIFO_FULL INTERRUPT GENERATED.

NO NEW DATA STORED UNTIL

THE ENTIRE FIFO IS READ.

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

MAX

THRESHOLD

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD

FIFO USED AS

CIRCULAR BUFFER

FIFO USED AS

CIRCULAR BUFFER

FIFO USED AS

CIRCULAR BUFFER

WP-RP INCREMENTS WITH NEW

SAMPLES STORED AND DECREMENTS

WITH NEW READINGS.

FIFO_TH INTERRUPT

GENERATED.

FIFO_FULL INTERRUPT GENERATED.

NEW INCOMING DATA WOULD

OVERWRITE THE OLDER ONES.

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and causes the moving part to move away from its origi-

nal position, emulating a definite input acceleration. In

this case the sensor outputs exhibit a change in their DC

levels which is related to the selected full scale through

the device sensitivity. The output in this self-test mode is

then compared with the output data of the device when

the self-test is disabled. If the absolute value of the output

difference is within the minimum and maximum range

of the preselected full scale range, the accelerometer is

working properly.

Revision ID

The MAX21105 has a register used to identify the revision

ID of the device and to identify the specific part number.

Even though different part numbers may share the same

WHO_AM_I value, they would still be identified by means

of different Revision ID values.

Unique Serial Number

Each MAX21105 device is uniquely identified by 48 bits

that can be used to track the history of the sample, includ-

ing manufacturing, assembly, and testing information.

The register file is organized per banks. On the Common

Bank are mapped addresses from 0x20 to 0x3F and

these registers are always available. It is possible to map

on addresses 0x00 to 0x1F three different user banks by

properly programming address 0x22. The purpose of this

structure is to limit the management of the register map

addresses in the 0x00 to 0x3F range even though the

number of physical registers is in excess of 64. Refer to

the MAX21105 user guide for a complete register map

structure.

Figure 3. FIFO Interrupt Mode, Overrun = False

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD THRESHOLD

LEVEL

MAX

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

0 0

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

MAX MAX

FIFO INITIALLY OFF.

WHEN THE

PROGRAMMED

INTERRUPT OCCURS,

TURN FIFO ON.

LEVEL INCREMENTS WITH NEW

SAMPLES STORED AND DECREMENTS

WITH NEW READINGS.

FIFO_TH INTERRUPT

GENERATED.

FIFO_FULL INTERRUPT GENERATED.

NO NEW DATA STORED UNTIL THE

ENTIRE FIFO IS READ.

MAX

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Orientation of Axes

Figure 6 and Figure 7 show the orientation of the axes of

sensitivity and the polarity of rotation and linear accelera-

tion. Note the pin 1 identifier (●) in the figure.

Soldering Information

Application Notes

Bypass VDD and VDDIO to the ground plane with 0.1µF

ceramic chip capacitors on each pin as close as possible

to the device to minimize parasitic inductance.

Connect to REGD 100nF ceramic chip capacitor as

close as possible to the MAX21105 to minimize parasitic

inductance.

Depending on the specific application board, an additional

bulk decoupling capacitor to VDD and VDDIO might be

needed. For best performance, keep separate VDD and

VDDIO power supplies.

Figure 4. FIFO Interrupt Mode, Overrun = True

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD

FIFO INITIALLY OFF.

WHEN THE

PROGRAMMED

INTERRUPT OCCURS,

TURN FIFO ON.

LEVEL

MAX

WP = RP

THRESHOLD

WP-RP INCREMENTS WITH NEW

SAMPLES STORED AND DECREMENTS

WITH NEW READINGS.

FIFO_TH INTERRUPT

GENERATED.

FIFO_FULL INTERRUPT GENERATED.

NEW INCOMING DATA WOULD

OVERWRITE THE OLDER ONES.

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Figure 5. FIFO Snapshot Mode

THRESHOLD

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD

MAX

FIFO USED AS

CIRCULAR BUFFER

FIFO USED AS

CIRCULAR BUFFER

FIFO USED AS

CIRCULAR BUFFER

MAX

THRESHOLD

MAX

THRESHOLD

SNAPSHOT CAPTURED

INTERRUPT

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

(WP-RP)

LEVEL

Figure 6. Orientation of Gyro Axes

ΩZ

ΩX

ΩY

Figure 7 Orientation of Accelerometer Axes

ACC-Z

ACC-Y

ACC-X

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+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.

T = Tape and reel.

PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE

MAX21105ELE+ -40°C to +85°C 16 LGA

MAX21105ELE+T -40°C to +85°C 16 LGA

Table 8. Bill of Materials for External Components

COMPONENT LABEL SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

VDD/VDDIO Bypass Capacitor C1 Ceramic, X7R, 100nF ±10%, 4V 2

REGD Capacitor C2 Ceramic, X7R, 100nF ±10%, 2V 1

Pullup Resistor (I2C Mode Only) RPU 1.1kΩ/10kΩ (min/max) 2

MAIN

APPLICATION

PROCESSOR

MAX21105

678

15 14

REGD

RSV1

N.C.

SCLK

MOSI

MISO

INT1

INT2

N.C.

INT1

RSV0

INT2

SA0_SDO

SDA_SDI_O

GND

SCL_CLK

N.C.

DDIO

SPI MODE

Ordering Information

Recommended Application Schematics (continued)

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PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO.

16 LGA L1633MK+3 21-0660 90-0396

Package Information

For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,

“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing

pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.

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Package Information (continued)

For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,

“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing

pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.

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Package Information (continued)

For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,

“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing

pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.

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REVISION

NUMBER

REVISION

DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES

CHANGED

0 12/14 Initial release —

Revision History

Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses

are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)

shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.

Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

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