DC/DC CONVERTERS
2401 Stanwell Drive, Concord Ca. 94520
Ph: 925-687-4411
Fax: 925-687-3333
www.calex.com
Email: sales@calex.com
ECO 170203-4, 170227-2, 170802-1, 171121-
Page 8 of 22
Operations
Input Fusing
The FXP converters do not provide internal fusing and
therefore in some applications external input fuse may
be required. Use of external fuse is also recommended if
there is possibility for input voltage reversal. For greatest
safety, it is recommended to use fast blow fuse in the
ungrounded input supply line.
Input Reverse Polarity Protection
The FXP converters do not have input reverse polarity. If
input voltage polarity is reversed, internal diodes will
become forward biased and draw excessive current from
the power source. If the power source is not current
limited or input fuse not used, the converter could be
permanently damaged.
Input Undervoltage Protection
Input undervoltage lockout is standard with this
converter. The FXP converter will start and regulate
properly if the ramping-up input voltage exceeds Turn-on
threshold of typ. 8.5V (See Specification) and remains at
or above Turn-on Threshold.
The converter will turn off when the input voltage drops
below the Turn-off Threshold of typical 8V (See
specification) and converter enters hiccup mode and will
stay off for 2 seconds. The converter will restart after 2
seconds only if the input voltage is again above the
Turn-on Threshold.
The built-in hysteresis and 2 second hiccup time
prevents any unstable on/off operation at the low input
voltage near Turn-on Threshold.
User should take into account for IR and inductive
voltage drop in the input source and input power lines
and make sure that the input voltage to the converter is
always above the Turn-off Threshold voltage under ALL
OPERATING CONDITIONS.
Start-Up Time
The start-up time is specified under two different
scenarios: a) Startup by ON/OFF remote control (with
the input voltage above the Turn-on Threshold voltage)
and b) Start-up by applying the input voltage (with the
converter enabled via ON/OFF remote control).
The startup times are measured with maximum resistive
load as: a) the interval between the point when the
ramping input voltage crosses the Turn-on Threshold
and the output voltage reaches 90% of its nominal value
and b) the interval between the point when the converter
is enabled by ON/OFF remote control and time when the
output voltage reaches 90% of its nominal value.
When converter is started by applying the input voltage
with ON/OFF pin active there is delay of 500msec that
was intentionally provided to prevent potential startup
issues especially at low input voltages
Input Source Impedance
Because of the switching nature and negative input
impedance of DC/DC converters, the input of these
converters must be driven from the source with both low
AC impedance and DC input regulation.
The FXP converters are designed to operate without
external components as long as the source voltage has
very low impedance and reasonable voltage regulation.
However, since this is not the case in most applications
an additional input capacitor is required to provide proper
operations of the FXP converter. Specified values for
input capacitor are recommendation and need to be
adjusted for particular application. Due to large variation
between applications some experimentation may be
needed.
In many applications, the inductance associated with the
distribution from the power source to the input of the
converter can affect the stability and in some cases, if
excessive, even inhibit operation of the converter. This
becomes of great consideration for input voltage at 12V
or below.
The DC input regulation, associated with resistance
between input power source and input of the converter,
plays significant role in particular in low input voltage
applications such as 12V battery systems.
Note that input voltage at the input pins of the connector
must never degrade below Turn-off threshold under all
load operating conditions.
Note that in applications with high pulsating loads
additional input as well as output capacitors may be
needed. In addition, for EMI conducted measurement,
due to low input voltage it is recommended to use 5µH
LISNs instead of typical 50µH LISNs.
Input/ Output Filtering
Input Capacitor
Minimum required input capacitance, mounted close to
the input pins of the converter, is 1000µF with ESR <
0.1Ω.
Several criteria need to be met when choosing input
capacitor: a) type of capacitor, b) capacitance to provide
additional energy storage, c) RMS current rating, d) ESR
value that will ensure that output impedance of the input
filter is lower than input impedance of the converter and
its variation over the temperature.
Since inductance of the input power cables could have
significant voltage drop due to rate of change of input
current di(in)/dt during transient load operation, an
external capacitor on the output of the converter is also