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LM2585
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SNVS120G –APRIL 2000–REVISED MAY 2019
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In addition, a small bypass capacitor is required due to the noise generated by the input current pulses. To
eliminate the noise, insert a 1.0 μF ceramic capacitor between VIN and ground as close as possible to the device.
8.2.4.5 Switch Voltage Limits
In a flyback regulator, the maximum steady-state voltage appearing at the switch, when it is off, is set by the
transformer turns ratio, N, the output voltage, VOUT, and the maximum input voltage, VIN (maximum):
VSW(OFF) = VIN (Max) + (VOUT +VF)/N
where
• VFis the forward biased voltage of the output diode and is 0.5 V for Schottky diodes and 0.8 V for ultra-fast
recovery diodes (typically). (3)
In certain circuits, there exists a voltage spike, VLL, superimposed on top of the steady-state voltage (Figure 13,
waveform A). Usually, this voltage spike is caused by the transformer leakage inductance and/or the output
rectifier recovery time. To “clamp” the voltage at the switch from exceeding its maximum value, a transient
suppressor in series with a diode is inserted across the transformer primary (as shown in the circuit on the front
page and other flyback regulator circuits throughout the datasheet). The schematic in Figure 43 shows another
method of clamping the switch voltage. A single voltage transient suppressor (the SA51A) is inserted at the
switch pin. This method clamps the total voltage across the switch, not just the voltage across the primary.
If poor circuit layout techniques are used (see Layout Guidelines), negative voltage transients may appear on the
Switch pin (pin 4). Applying a negative voltage (with respect to the IC's ground) to any monolithic IC pin causes
erratic and unpredictable operation of that IC. This holds true for the LM2585 IC as well. When used in a flyback
regulator, the voltage at the Switch pin (pin 4) can go negative when the switch turns on. The “ringing” voltage at
the switch pin is caused by the output diode capacitance and the transformer leakage inductance forming a
resonant circuit at the secondary(ies). The resonant circuit generates the “ringing” voltage, which gets reflected
back through the transformer to the switch pin. There are two common methods to avoid this problem. One is to
add an RC snubber around the output rectifier(s), as in Figure 43. The values of the resistor and the capacitor
must be chosen so that the voltage at the Switch pin does not drop below −0.4 V. The resistor may range in
value between 10 Ωand 1 kΩ, and the capacitor will vary from 0.001 μF to 0.1 μF. Adding a snubber will
(slightly) reduce the efficiency of the overall circuit.
The other method to reduce or eliminate the “ringing” is to insert a Schottky diode clamp between pins 4 and 3
(ground), also shown in Figure 43. This prevents the voltage at pin 4 from dropping below −0.4 V. The reverse
voltage rating of the diode must be greater than the switch off voltage.
8.2.4.6 Output Voltage Limitations
The maximum output voltage of a boost regulator is the maximum switch voltage minus a diode drop. In a
flyback regulator, the maximum output voltage is determined by the turns ratio, N, and the duty cycle, D, by the
equation:
VOUT ≈N × VIN × D/(1 −D) (4)
The duty cycle of a flyback regulator is determined by the following equation:
(5)
Theoretically, the maximum output voltage can be as large as desired—just keep increasing the turns ratio of the
transformer. However, there exists some physical limitations that prevent the turns ratio, and thus the output
voltage, from increasing to infinity. The physical limitations are capacitances and inductances in the LM2585
switch, the output diode(s), and the transformer—such as reverse recovery time of the output diode (mentioned
above).