LM124, LM224, LM324 Low power quad operational amplifiers Features Wide gain bandwidth: 1.3 MHz Input common-mode voltage range includes ground Large voltage gain: 100 dB Very low supply current per amplifier: 375 A Low input bias current: 20 nA Low input offset voltage: 5 mV max. Low input offset current: 2 nA Wide power supply range: - Single supply: +3 V to +30 V Dual supplies: 1.5 V to 15 V N DIP14 (Plastic package) D SO-14 (Plastic micropackage) Description The LM124, LM224 and LM324 consist of four independent, high gain, internally frequencycompensated operational amplifiers. They operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. P TSSOP-14 (Thin shrink small outline package) Q QFN16 3x3 (Plastic micropackage) June 2011 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 1/19 www.st.com 19 Pin and schematic diagram 1 LM124, LM224, LM324 Pin and schematic diagram Figure 1. Pin connections (top view) 14 Output 4 Output 1 1 Inverting Input 1 2 - - 13 Inverting Input 4 Non-inverting Input 1 3 + + 12 Non-inverting Input 4 11 VCC - VCC + 4 Non-inverting Input 2 Inverting Input 2 5 + + 10 Non-inverting Input 3 6 - - 9 Inverting Input 3 8 Output 3 Output 2 7 OUT1 OUT4 IN4- 16 15 14 13 2/19 IN1- Figure 2. NC 3 10 NC IN2+ IN2 4 9 IN3+ IN3 8 VCC- IN3- 11 7 2 OUT3 VCC+ 6 IN4+ OUT2 12 5 1 IN2- IN1+ Schematic diagram (1/4 LM124) Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 LM124, LM224, LM324 Absolute maximum ratings 2 Absolute maximum ratings Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol VCC Vin Vid Parameter LM124 LM224 Supply voltage Input voltage (1) Differential input voltage Unit 16 or 32 V -0.3 to 32 V 32 V (2) Output short-circuit duration (3) LM324 Infinite (4) 5 mA in DC or 50 mA in AC (duty cycle = 10%, T=1s) Input current : Vin driven negative Input current (5): Vin driven positive above AMR value 0.4 mA Toper Operating free-air temperature range C Tstg Storage temperature range Iin Tj -55 to +125 -40 to +105 -65 to +150 C 150 C Maximum junction temperature ambient(6) Rthja Thermal resistance junction to SO14 TSSOP14 DIP14 QFN16 3x3 Rthjc Thermal resistance junction to case SO14 TSSOP14 DIP14 QFN16 31 32 33 14 HBM: human body model(7) 250 ESD 0 to +70 103 100 83 45 MM: machine model(8) C/W C/W 150 (9) V 1500 CDM: charged device model + - 1. Either or both input voltages must not exceed the magnitude of VCC or VCC . All voltage values, except differential voltages are with respect to ground terminal. 2. Differential voltages are the non-inverting input terminal with respect to the inverting input terminal. 3. Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if VCC > 15 V. The maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous shortcircuits on all amplifiers. 4. This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the input PNP transistor becoming forward-biased and thereby acting as input diode clamp. In addition to this diode action, there is NPN parasitic action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the opamps to go to the VCC voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time during which an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and normal output is restored for input voltages above -0.3 V. 5. The junction base/substrate of the input PNP transistor polarized in reverse must be protected by a resistor in series with the inputs to limit the input current to 400 A max (R = (Vin - 32 V)/400 A). 6. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-circuits on all amplifiers. These are typical values given for a single layer board (except for TSSOP, a two-layer board). 7. Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k resistor into pin of device. 8. Machine model ESD: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly into the IC with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 ), into pin-to-pin of device. 9. Charged device model: all pins plus package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to ground. Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 3/19 Electrical characteristics 3 LM124, LM224, LM324 Electrical characteristics Table 2. VCC+ = +5 V, VCC-= ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = +25 C (unless otherwise specified) Symbol Vio Parameter Min. Input offset voltage (1) Tamb = +25 C LM124-LM224 LM324 Typ. Max. Unit 2 5 7 mV Tmin Tamb Tmax LM124-LM224 LM324 7 9 Iio Input offset current Tamb = +25 C Tmin Tamb Tmax 2 30 100 nA Iib Input bias current (2) Tamb = +25 C Tmin Tamb Tmax 20 150 300 nA Avd Large signal voltage gain VCC+ = +15 V, RL = 2 k, Vo = 1.4 V to 11.4 V Tamb = +25 C Tmin Tamb Tmax 50 25 100 SVR Supply voltage rejection ratio (Rs 10 k) VCC+ = 5 V to 30 V Tamb = +25 C Tmin Tamb Tmax 65 65 110 ICC Supply current, all Amp, no load Tamb = +25 C VCC = +5 V VCC = +30 V Tmin Tamb Tmax VCC = +5 V VCC = +30 V 4/19 dB 0.7 1.5 1.2 3 0.8 1.5 1.2 3 Vicm Input common mode voltage range VCC = +30 V (3) Tamb = +25 C Tmin Tamb Tmax 0 0 CMR Common mode rejection ratio (Rs 10 k) Tamb = +25 C Tmin Tamb Tmax 70 60 80 Isource Output current source (Vid = +1 V) VCC = +15 V, Vo = +2 V 20 40 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 V/mV VCC -1.5 VCC -2 mA V dB 70 mA LM124, LM224, LM324 Table 2. Electrical characteristics VCC+ = +5 V, VCC-= ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = +25 C (unless otherwise specified) (continued) Symbol Isink VOH Parameter Min. Typ. Output sink current (Vid = -1 V) VCC = +15 V, Vo = +2 V VCC = +15 V, Vo = +0.2 V 10 12 20 50 High level output voltage VCC = +30 V Tamb = +25 C, RL = 2 k Tmin Tamb Tmax Tamb = +25 C, RL = 10 k Tmin Tamb Tmax 26 26 27 27 27 VCC = +5 V, RL = 2 k Tamb = +25C Tmin Tamb Tmax 3.5 3 Max. Unit mA A 28 V VOL Low level output voltage (RL = 10 k) Tamb = +25C Tmin Tamb Tmax SR Slew rate VCC = 15 V, Vi = 0.5 to 3 V, RL = 2 k, CL = 100 pF, unity gain 0.4 V/s GBP Gain bandwidth product VCC = 30 V, f = 100 kHz, Vin = 10 mV, RL = 2 k, CL = 100 pF 1.3 MHz THD Total harmonic distortion f = 1 kHz, Av = 20 dB, RL = 2 k, Vo = 2 Vpp, CL = 100 pF, VCC = 30 V 0.015 % Equivalent input noise voltage f = 1 kHz, Rs = 100 , VCC = 30 V 40 nV -----------Hz DVio Input offset voltage drift 7 30 V/C DIio Input offset current drift 10 200 pA/C en Vo1/Vo2 Channel separation 1 kHz f 20 kHZ 5 20 20 mV (4) 120 dB 1. Vo = 1.4 V, Rs = 0 , 5 V < VCC+ < 30 V, 0 < Vic < VCC+ - 1.5 V. 2. The direction of the input current is out of the IC. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the output so there is no change in the load on the input lines. 3. The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0. V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is VCC+ - 1.5 V, but either or both inputs can go to +32 V without damage. 4. Due to the proximity of the external components, ensure that stray capacitance between these external parts does not cause coupling. Coupling can be detected because this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies. Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 5/19 Electrical characteristics Figure 3. LM124, LM224, LM324 Input bias current vs. ambient temperature Figure 4. Current limiting 90 IB (nA) 24 80 18 70 Input current (mA) 21 15 12 9 6 3 IO + 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -55-35-15 0 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 -55 -35 -15 5 Ambient temperature (C) Figure 5. Temperature (C) Input voltage range Figure 6. Supply current 15 4 VCC ID Supply current (mA) mA Input voltage (V) 25 45 65 85 105 125 10 Negative Positive 5 3 2 Tamb = 0C to +125C 1 Tamb = -55C 0 5 10 0 15 Power supply voltage (V) Figure 7. Gain bandwidth product Figure 8. Common-mode rejection ratio (dB) Gain bandwidth product (MHz) 20 30 Common mode rejection ratio 120 GBP (MHz) 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.2 1.15 1.1 1.05 1 0.95 0.9 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 100 80 +7.5 V 100 k 60 100 40 eI 100 k 20 0 100 1k eO 100 10k +7.5 V 100k Frequency (Hz) Ambient temperature (C) 6/19 10 Positive supply voltage (V) Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 1M LM124, LM224, LM324 Figure 9. Electrical characteristics Open loop frequency response 140 Figure 10. Large signal frequency response 20 10 M 100 k 0.1 uF 1 k 120 VCC+ VCC+/2 80 VCC+ = +30 V & -55C Tamb +125C 60 40 VCC+ = +10 to +15 V & -55C Tamb +125C 20 10 5 0 1.0 100 1.0k 10k 100k 1.0M 10M 10 1k 10k Frequency (Hz) 1M 100k Frequency (Hz) Figure 11. Voltage follower pulse response Figure 12. Output characteristics (current sinking) 10 4 VCC+ = +5 V VCC+ = +15 V VCC+ = +30 V RL 2 k VCC+ = +15 V 3 2 Output voltage (V) Input voltage (V) - output voltage (V) 2 k +7 V 0 1 0 3 2 1 VCC+/2 IO VO Tamb = +25C 0.01 10 20 40 30 0.001 0.01 500 450 eO 50 pF eI Input 350 Output 300 Tamb = +25C VCC+ = +30 V 0 1 2 3 4 1 100 10 5 6 7 8 Figure 14. Output characteristics (current sourcing) Output voltage referenced to VCC+ (V) Figure 13. Voltage follower pulse response (small signal) 250 0.1 Output sink current (mA) Time (S) 400 VCC+ 0.1 1 0 Output voltage (mV) eO eI 15 Output swing (Vpp) Voltage gain (dB) 100 +15 V eO eI Time (S) 8 VCC+ 7 6 VCC+/2 VO 5 IO 4 Independent of VCC+ 3 Tamb = +25C 2 1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Output source current (mA) Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 7/19 Electrical characteristics LM124, LM224, LM324 Figure 15. Input current Figure 16. Large signal voltage gain Avd (dB) 100 Large signal voltage gain 120 Input current (nA) 75 50 Tamb = +25C 25 20 110 105 100 -55 -35 -15 0 10 115 30 Figure 17. Power supply and common mode rejection ratio 160 115 SVR 110 RL = 20 k 120 105 100 95 90 85 80 CMR Voltage gain (dB) Power supply & common mode rejection ratio (dB) 25 45 65 80 105 125 Figure 18. Voltage gain (dB) 120 RL = 2 k 80 40 75 70 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 Ambient temperature (C) 8/19 5 Ambient temperature (C) Power supply voltage (V) 0 10 20 Power supply voltage (V) Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 30 LM124, LM224, LM324 4 Typical single-supply applications Typical single-supply applications Figure 19. AC coupled inverting amplifier Figure 20. High input Z adjustable gain DC instrumentation amplifier 2 Vpp if R1 = R5 and R3 = R4 = R6 = R7 2R e0 = 1 + ----------1- (e2 -e1) R 2 Figure 21. AC coupled non inverting amplifier Figure 22. DC summing amplifier 2 Vpp e0 = e1 +e2 -e3 -e4 Where (e1 +e2) (e3 +e4) to keep e0 0V Figure 23. Non-inverting DC gain Figure 24. Low drift peak detector Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 9/19 Typical single-supply applications LM124, LM224, LM324 Figure 25. Active bandpass filter Figure 26. High input Z, DC differential amplifier R R 1 4 For ------- = ------R R 2 3 (CMRR depends on this resistor ratio match) Fo = 1kHz Q = 50 Av = 100 (40dB) e0 (e2 - e1) As shown e0 = (e2 - e1) Figure 27. Using symmetrical amplifiers to reduce input current (general concept) 10/19 1 + R-------4 R3 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 LM124, LM224, LM324 5 Package information Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK(R) packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK(R) specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK(R) is an ST trademark. Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 11/19 Package information 5.1 LM124, LM224, LM324 DIP14 package information Figure 28. DIP14 package mechanical drawing Table 3. DIP14 package mechanical data Dimensions Millimeters Inches Ref. Min. Typ. A Min. Typ. 5.33 Max. 0.21 A1 0.38 0.015 A2 2.92 3.30 4.95 0.11 0.13 0.19 b 0.36 0.46 0.56 0.014 0.018 0.022 b2 1.14 1.52 1.78 0.04 0.06 0.07 c 0.20 0.25 0.36 0.007 0.009 0.01 D 18.67 19.05 19.69 0.73 0.75 0.77 E 7.62 7.87 8.26 0.30 0.31 0.32 E1 6.10 6.35 7.11 0.24 0.25 0.28 e 2.54 0.10 e1 15.24 0.60 eA 7.62 0.30 eB L 12/19 Max. 10.92 2.92 3.30 3.81 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 0.43 0.11 0.13 0.15 LM124, LM224, LM324 5.2 Package information SO-14 package information Figure 29. SO-14 package mechanical drawing Table 4. SO-14 package mechanical data Dimensions Millimeters Inches Ref. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. A 1.35 1.75 0.05 0.068 A1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009 A2 1.10 1.65 0.04 0.06 B 0.33 0.51 0.01 0.02 C 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.009 D 8.55 8.75 0.33 0.34 E 3.80 4.0 0.15 0.15 e 1.27 0.05 H 5.80 6.20 0.22 0.24 h 0.25 0.50 0.009 0.02 L 0.40 1.27 0.015 0.05 k ddd 8 (max.) 0.10 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 0.004 13/19 Package information 5.3 LM124, LM224, LM324 QFN16 3x3 package mechanical data Figure 30. QFN16 3x3 package mechanical drawing 14/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 LM124, LM224, LM324 Table 5. Package information QFN16 3x3 mm package mechanical data (pitch 0.5 mm) Dimensions Ref. Millimeters Inches Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. A 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.031 0.035 0.039 A1 0 0.05 0 A3 0.20 b 0.18 D 2.90 D2 1.50 E 2.90 E2 1.50 e L 3.00 3.00 0.008 0.30 0.007 3.10 0.114 1.80 0.059 3.10 0.114 1.80 0.059 0.50 0.30 0.002 0.012 0.118 0.122 0.071 0.118 0.122 0.071 0.020 0.50 0.012 0.020 Figure 31. QFN16 3x3 footprint recommendation Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 15/19 Package information 5.4 LM124, LM224, LM324 TSSOP14 package information Figure 32. TSSOP14 package mechanical drawing Figure 33. TSSOP14 package mechanical data Dimensions Ref. Millimeters Min. Typ. A Max. Min. Typ. 1.20 A1 0.05 A2 0.80 b Max. 0.047 0.15 0.002 0.004 0.006 1.05 0.031 0.039 0.041 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012 c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.0089 D 4.90 5.00 5.10 0.193 0.197 0.201 E 6.20 6.40 6.60 0.244 0.252 0.260 E1 4.30 4.40 4.50 0.169 0.173 0.176 e L k aaa 1.00 0.65 0.45 L1 16/19 Inches 0.60 0.0256 0.75 0.018 1.00 0 0.024 0.030 0.039 8 0.10 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 0 8 0.004 LM124, LM224, LM324 Ordering information 6 Ordering information Table 6. Order codes Part number Temperature range Package Packing Marking DIP14 Tube LM124N LM124D/DT SO-14 Tube or tape & reel 124 LM224N DIP14 Tube LM224N SO-14 Tube or tape & reel 224 LM224PT TSSOP14 Tape & reel 224 LM224QT QFN16 3x3 Tape & reel K425 DIP14 Tube LM324N SO-14 Tube or tape & reel 324 LM324PT TSSOP14 Tape & reel 324 LM324QT QFN16 3x3 Tape & reel K427 LM124N -55C, +125C LM224D/DT -40C, +105C LM324N LM324D/DT 0C, +70C Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 17/19 Revision history 7 LM124, LM224, LM324 Revision history 0 Table 7. Document revision history Date Revision 01-Oct.-2003 1 First release. 02-Jan-2005 2 Modifications on AMR Table 1 on page 3 (explanation of Vid and Vi limits). 01-Jun-2005 3 ESD protection inserted in Table 1 on page 3. 02-Jan-2006 4 Tj and Rthjc parameters added in Table 1. on page 3. 04-Oct-2006 5 Editorial update. Table 3 moved to Section 5: Macromodels on page 11. 11-Jan-2010 6 Added AMR values for input current in Table 1 on page 3. 7 Added pin connections for QFN16 package in Figure 1 on page 2. Added thermal information for QFN16 package in Table 1 on page 3. Added QFN16 package information in Chapter 5. Added order codes for QFN16 package in Table 6: Order codes. Removed Spice model - refer to www.st.com for latest model available. 30-Jun-2011 18/19 Changes Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 LM124, LM224, LM324 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries ("ST") reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST's terms and conditions of sale. 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