June 2011 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 1/19
19
LM124, LM224, LM324
Low power quad operational amplifiers
Features
■Wide gain bandwidth: 1.3 MHz
■Input common-mode voltage range includes
ground
■Large voltage gain: 100 dB
■Very low supply current per amplifier: 375 µA
■Low input bias current: 20 nA
■Low input offset voltage: 5 mV max.
■Low input offset current: 2 nA
■Wide power supply range:
– Single supply: +3 V to +30 V
■Dual supplies: ±1.5 V to ±15 V
Description
The LM124, LM224 and LM324 consist of four
independent, high gain, internally frequency-
compensated operational amplifiers. They
operate from a single power supply over a wide
range of voltages. Operation from split power
supplies is also possible and the low power
supply current drain is independent of the
magnitude of the power supply voltage.
N
DIP14
(Plastic package)
D
SO-14
(Plastic micropackage)
P
TSSOP-14
(Thin shrink small outline package)
Q
QFN16 3x3
(Plastic micropackage)
www.st.com
Pin and schematic diagram LM124, LM224, LM324
2/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
1 Pin and schematic diagram
Figure 1. Pin connections (top view)
Figure 2. Schematic diagram (1/4 LM124)
Inverting Input 2
Non-inverting Input 2
Non-inverting Input 1
CC
V
-
CC
V
1
2
3
4
8
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
+
Output 3
Output 4
Non-inverting Input 4
Inverting Input 4
Non-inverting Input 3
Inverting Input 3
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
Output 1
Inverting Input 1
Output 2
1
2
3
12
11
10
13
14
15
16
IN1+
VCC+
NC
IN2
IN4+
VCC-
NC
IN3
IN1-
OUT1
OUT4
IN4-
1
2
3
4
12
11
10
9
13
14
15
16
5
6
7
8
IN1+
VCC+
NC
IN2+
IN4+
VCC-
NC
IN3+
IN3-
OUT3
OUT2
IN2-
IN1-
OUT1
OUT4
IN4-
LM124, LM224, LM324 Absolute maximum ratings
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 3/19
2 Absolute maximum ratings
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter LM124 LM224 LM324 Unit
VCC Supply voltage ±16 or 32 V
Vin Input voltage(1) -0.3 to 32 V
Vid Differential input voltage (2) 32 V
Output short-circuit duration (3) Infinite
Iin
Input current (4): Vin driven negative
Input current (5): Vin driven positive above
AMR value
5 mA in DC or 50 mA in AC (duty cycle = 10%, T=1s)
0.4
mA
Toper Operating free-air temperature range -55 to +125 -40 to +105 0 to +70 °C
Tstg Storage temperature range -65 to +150 °C
TjMaximum junction temperature 150 °C
Rthja
Thermal resistance junction to ambient(6)
SO14
TSSOP14
DIP14
QFN16 3x3
103
100
83
45
°C/W
Rthjc
Thermal resistance junction to case
SO14
TSSOP14
DIP14
QFN16
31
32
33
14
°C/W
ESD
HBM: human body model(7) 250
VMM: machine model(8) 150
CDM: charged device model(9) 1500
1. Either or both input voltages must not exceed the magnitude of VCC+ or VCC-. All voltage values, except differential voltages
are with respect to ground terminal.
2. Differential voltages are the non-inverting input terminal with respect to the inverting input terminal.
3. Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if VCC > 15 V. The maximum output current is
approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-
circuits on all amplifiers.
4. This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base
junction of the input PNP transistor becoming forward-biased and thereby acting as input diode clamp. In addition to this
diode action, there is NPN parasitic action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op-
amps to go to the VCC voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time during which an input is driven negative.
This is not destructive and normal output is restored for input voltages above -0.3 V.
5. The junction base/substrate of the input PNP transistor polarized in reverse must be protected by a resistor in series with
the inputs to limit the input current to 400 µA max (R = (Vin - 32 V)/400 µA).
6. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-circuits on all
amplifiers. These are typical values given for a single layer board (except for TSSOP, a two-layer board).
7. Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into pin of device.
8. Machine model ESD: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly into the IC with no
external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω), into pin-to-pin of device.
9. Charged device model: all pins plus package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to
ground.
Electrical characteristics LM124, LM224, LM324
4/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
3 Electrical characteristics
Table 2. VCC+ = +5 V, VCC-= ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = +25° C (unless otherwise
specified)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Vio
Input offset voltage (1)
Tamb = +25° C
LM124-LM224
LM324
25
7mV
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
LM124-LM224
LM324
7
9
Iio
Input offset current
Tamb = +25° C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max
230
100
nA
Iib
Input bias current (2)
Tamb = +25° C
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
20 150
300
nA
Avd
Large signal voltage gain
VCC+ = +15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, Vo = 1.4 V to 11.4 V
Tamb = +25° C
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
50
25
100 V/mV
SVR
Supply voltage rejection ratio (Rs ≤ 10 kΩ)
VCC+ = 5 V to 30 V
Tamb = +25° C
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
65
65
110 dB
ICC
Supply current, all Amp, no load
Tamb = +25° C
VCC = +5 V
VCC = +30 V
0.7
1.5
1.2
3mA
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
VCC = +5 V
VCC = +30 V
0.8
1.5
1.2
3
Vicm
Input common mode voltage range
VCC = +30 V (3)
Tamb = +25° C
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
0
0
VCC -1.5
VCC -2
V
CMR
Common mode rejection ratio (Rs ≤ 10 kΩ)
Tamb = +25° C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
70
60
80 dB
Isource
Output current source (Vid = +1 V)
VCC = +15 V, Vo = +2 V 20 40 70 mA
LM124, LM224, LM324 Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 5/19
Isink
Output sink current (Vid = -1 V)
VCC = +15 V, Vo = +2 V
VCC = +15 V, Vo = +0.2 V
10
12
20
50
mA
µA
VOH
High level output voltage
VCC = +30 V
Tamb = +25° C, RL = 2 kΩ
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max
Tamb = +25° C, RL = 10 kΩ
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
26
26
27
27
27
28 V
VCC = +5 V, RL = 2 kΩ
Tamb = +25°C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max
3.5
3
VOL
Low level output voltage (RL = 10 kΩ)
Tamb = +25°C
Tmin ≤ T
amb ≤ T
max
520
20
mV
SR
Slew rate
VCC = 15 V, Vi = 0.5 to 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, CL = 100 pF,
unity gain
0.4 V/µs
GBP
Gain bandwidth product
VCC = 30 V, f = 100 kHz, Vin = 10 mV, RL = 2 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
1.3 MHz
THD
Total harmonic distortion
f = 1 kHz, Av = 20 dB, RL = 2 kΩ, Vo = 2 Vpp,
CL = 100 pF, VCC = 30 V
0.015 %
en
Equivalent input noise voltage
f = 1 kHz, Rs = 100 Ω, VCC = 30 V 40
DVio Input offset voltage drift 7 30 µV/°C
DIio Input offset current drift 10 200 pA/°C
Vo1/Vo2
Channel separation (4)
1 kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHZ 120 dB
1. Vo = 1.4 V, Rs = 0 Ω, 5 V < VCC+ < 30 V, 0 < Vic < VCC+ - 1.5 V.
2. The direction of the input current is out of the IC. This current is essentially constant, independent of the
state of the output so there is no change in the load on the input lines.
3. The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by
more than 0. V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is VCC+ - 1.5 V, but either or both inputs
can go to +32 V without damage.
4. Due to the proximity of the external components, ensure that stray capacitance between these external
parts does not cause coupling. Coupling can be detected because this type of capacitance increases at
higher frequencies.
Table 2. VCC+ = +5 V, VCC-= ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = +25° C (unless otherwise
specified) (continued)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
nV
Hz
------------
Electrical characteristics LM124, LM224, LM324
6/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
Figure 3. Input bias current vs. ambient
temperature
Figure 4. Current limiting
-55-35-15 5 45 65 85105 125
24
21
18
15
9
12
6
3
0
IB (nA)
Ambient temperature (°C)
25
Temperature (°C)
Input current (mA)
IO+
-55 -35-15 525 45 65 85105125
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 5. Input voltage range Figure 6. Supply current
Power supply voltage (V)
Input voltage (V)
Negative
Positive
05
10 15
5
15
10
Positive supply voltage (V)
Supply current (mA)
010 20 30
1
2
3
4V
CC
mA I
D
Tamb = 0°C to +125°C
Tamb = -55°C
Figure 7. Gain bandwidth product Figure 8. Common mode rejection ratio
Ambient temperature (°C)
Gain bandwidth product (MHz)
GBP (MHz)
-55 -35-15 525 45 65 85105
125
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.1
1.05
1
0.95
0.9
Frequency (Hz)
Common-mode rejection ratio (dB)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
100 1k 10k 100k 1M
+7.5 V
100 kΩ
eO
+7.5 V
100 kΩ
100 Ω
100 Ω
eI
LM124, LM224, LM324 Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 7/19
Figure 9. Open loop frequency response Figure 10. Large signal frequency response
Voltage gain (dB)
Frequency (Hz)
1.0 10 100 1.0k 10k 100k 1.0M 10M
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.1 uF
10 MΩ
VCC+
eO
eI
VCC+/2
VCC+ = +30 V &
-55°C Tamb +125°C
VCC+ = +10 to +15 V &
-55°C Tamb +125°C
Frequency (Hz)
Output swing (Vpp)
20
15
10
5
0
1k 10k 100k 1M
100 kΩ
+15 V eO
2 kΩ
+7 V
eI
1 kΩ
Figure 11. Voltage follower pulse response Figure 12. Output characteristics (current
sinking)
Time (μS)
Input voltage (V) - output voltage (V)
010 20 3040
4
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
RL 2 kΩ
VCC+ = +15 V
Output sink current (mA)
Output voltage (V)
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001 0.01 0.1 110 100
VCC+ = +5 V
VCC+ = +15 V
VCC+ = +30 V
Tamb = +25°C
VCC+/2 VCC+
IO
VO
Figure 13. Voltage follower pulse response
(small signal)
Figure 14. Output characteristics (current
sourcing)
Time (μS)
Tamb = +25°C
VCC+ = +30 V
Output
Input
e
I
e
O
50 pF
500
450
400
350
300
250
012345678
Output voltage (mV)
Output source current (mA)
Output voltage referenced to VCC+ (V)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.001 0.01 0.1 110100
Tamb = +25°C
Independent of VCC+
VCC+/2
VCC+
VO
IO
Electrical characteristics LM124, LM224, LM324
8/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
Figure 15. Input current Figure 16. Large signal voltage gain
Power supply voltage (V)
Input current (nA)
100
75
50
25
0
10 20 30
Tamb =
+25°C
Ambient temperature (°C)
Large signal voltage gain
Avd (dB)
120
115
110
105
100
-55 -35-15 525 45 65 80 105 125
Figure 17. Power supply and common mode
rejection ratio
Figure 18. Voltage gain
Ambient temperature (°C)
-55 -35-15 525 45 65 85105
125
Power supply & common mode
rejection ratio (dB)
(dB) 120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
SVR
CMR
Power supply voltage (V)
Voltage gain (dB)
160
120
80
40
010 20 30
R
L
= 20 kΩ
R
L
= 2 kΩ
LM124, LM224, LM324 Typical single-supply applications
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 9/19
4 Typical single-supply applications
Figure 19. AC coupled inverting amplifier Figure 20. High input Z adjustable gain DC
instrumentation amplifier
2 Vpp
if R1 = R5
and R3 = R4 = R6 = R7
e0 = (e2 -e1)1
2R1
R2
-----------+
Figure 21. AC coupled non inverting amplifier Figure 22. DC summing amplifier
2 Vpp
e0 = e1 +e2 -e3 -e4
Where (e1 +e2)
≥
(e3 +e4)
to keep e0
≥
0V
Figure 23. Non-inverting DC gain Figure 24. Low drift peak detector
Typical single-supply applications LM124, LM224, LM324
10/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
Figure 25. Active bandpass filter Figure 26. High input Z, DC differential
amplifier
Figure 27. Using symmetrical amplifiers to
reduce input current (general
concept)
Fo = 1kHz
Q = 50
Av = 100 (40dB)
For
(CMRR depends on this resistor ratio match)
R1
R2
-------
R4
R3
-------=
e0 (e2 - e1)
As shown e0 = (e2 - e1)
1
R4
R3
-------+
⎝⎠
⎛⎞
LM124, LM224, LM324 Package information
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 11/19
5 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.
Package information LM124, LM224, LM324
12/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
5.1 DIP14 package information
Figure 28. DIP14 package mechanical drawing
Table 3. DIP14 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A5.330.21
A1 0.38 0.015
A2 2.92 3.30 4.95 0.11 0.13 0.19
b 0.36 0.46 0.56 0.014 0.018 0.022
b2 1.14 1.52 1.78 0.04 0.06 0.07
c 0.20 0.25 0.36 0.007 0.009 0.01
D 18.67 19.05 19.69 0.73 0.75 0.77
E 7.62 7.87 8.26 0.30 0.31 0.32
E1 6.10 6.35 7.11 0.24 0.25 0.28
e2.54 0.10
e1 15.24 0.60
eA 7.62 0.30
eB 10.92 0.43
L 2.92 3.30 3.81 0.11 0.13 0.15
LM124, LM224, LM324 Package information
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 13/19
5.2 SO-14 package information
Figure 29. SO-14 package mechanical drawing
Table 4. SO-14 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.35 1.75 0.05 0.068
A1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009
A2 1.10 1.65 0.04 0.06
B 0.33 0.51 0.01 0.02
C 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.009
D 8.55 8.75 0.33 0.34
E 3.80 4.0 0.15 0.15
e1.27 0.05
H 5.80 6.20 0.22 0.24
h 0.25 0.50 0.009 0.02
L 0.40 1.27 0.015 0.05
k 8° (max.)
ddd 0.10 0.004
Package information LM124, LM224, LM324
14/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
5.3 QFN16 3x3 package mechanical data
Figure 30. QFN16 3x3 package mechanical drawing
LM124, LM224, LM324 Package information
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 15/19
Figure 31. QFN16 3x3 footprint recommendation
Table 5. QFN16 3x3 mm package mechanical data (pitch 0.5 mm)
Ref.
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.031 0.035 0.039
A1 0 0.05 0 0.002
A3 0.20 0.008
b 0.18 0.30 0.007 0.012
D 2.90 3.00 3.10 0.114 0.118 0.122
D2 1.50 1.80 0.059 0.071
E 2.90 3.00 3.10 0.114 0.118 0.122
E2 1.50 1.80 0.059 0.071
e 0.50 0.020
L 0.30 0.50 0.012 0.020
Package information LM124, LM224, LM324
16/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
5.4 TSSOP14 package information
Figure 32. TSSOP14 package mechanical drawing
Figure 33. TSSOP14 package mechanical data
Ref.
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A1.200.047
A1 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.004 0.006
A2 0.80 1.00 1.05 0.031 0.039 0.041
b 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012
c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.0089
D 4.90 5.00 5.10 0.193 0.197 0.201
E 6.20 6.40 6.60 0.244 0.252 0.260
E1 4.30 4.40 4.50 0.169 0.173 0.176
e 0.65 0.0256
L 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.018 0.024 0.030
L1 1.00 0.039
k0° 8°0° 8°
aaa 0.10 0.004
LM124, LM224, LM324 Ordering information
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 17/19
6 Ordering information
Table 6. Order codes
Part number Temperature range Package Packing Marking
LM124N -55°C, +125°C DIP14 Tube LM124N
LM124D/DT SO-14 Tube or tape & reel 124
LM224N
-40°C, +105°C
DIP14 Tube LM224N
LM224D/DT SO-14 Tube or tape & reel 224
LM224PT TSSOP14 Tape & reel 224
LM224QT QFN16 3x3 Tape & reel K425
LM324N
0°C, +70°C
DIP14 Tube LM324N
LM324D/DT SO-14 Tube or tape & reel 324
LM324PT TSSOP14 Tape & reel 324
LM324QT QFN16 3x3 Tape & reel K427
Revision history LM124, LM224, LM324
18/19 Doc ID 2156 Rev 7
7 Revision history
0
Table 7. Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
01-Oct.-2003 1 First release.
02-Jan-2005 2 Modifications on AMR Table 1 on page 3 (explanation of Vid and Vi
limits).
01-Jun-2005 3 ESD protection inserted in Table 1 on page 3.
02-Jan-2006 4 Tj and Rthjc parameters added in Table 1. on page 3.
04-Oct-2006 5 Editorial update. Ta b l e 3 moved to Section 5: Macromodels on
page 11.
11-Jan-2010 6 Added AMR values for input current in Table 1 on page 3.
30-Jun-2011 7
Added pin connections for QFN16 package in Figure 1 on page 2.
Added thermal information for QFN16 package in Table 1 on page 3.
Added QFN16 package information in Chapter 5.
Added order codes for QFN16 package in Table 6: Order codes.
Removed Spice model - refer to www.st.com for latest model
available.
LM124, LM224, LM324
Doc ID 2156 Rev 7 19/19
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