LM50 SOT-23 Single-Supply Centigrade Temperature Sensor General Description Applications The LM50 is a precision integrated-circuit temperature sensor that can sense a -40C to +125C temperature range using a single positive supply. The LM50's output voltage is linearly proportional to Celsius (Centigrade) temperature (+10 mV/C) and has a DC offset of +500 mV. The offset allows reading negative temperatures without the need for a negative supply. The ideal output voltage of the LM50 ranges from +100 mV to +1.75V for a -40C to +125C temperature range. The LM50 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide accuracies of 3C at room temperature and 4C over the full -40C to +125C temperature range. Trimming and calibration of the LM50 at the wafer level assure low cost and high accuracy. The LM50's linear output, +500 mV offset, and factory calibration simplify circuitry required in a single supply environment where reading negative temperatures is required. Because the LM50's quiescent current is less than 130 A, self-heating is limited to a very low 0.2C in still air. n n n n n n n n n Computers Disk Drives Battery Management Automotive FAX Machines Printers Portable Medical Instruments HVAC Power Supply Modules Features n n n n n n n n n n Calibrated directly in degree Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor 2C accuracy guaranteed at +25C Specified for full -40 to +125C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4.5V to 10V Less than 130 A current drain Low self-heating, less than 0.2C in still air Nonlinearity less than 0.8C over temp Connection Diagram SOT-23 DS012030-1 Top View See NS Package Number MA03B Order SOT-23 Number Device Marking Supplied As LM50BIM3 T5B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LM50CIM3 T5C 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LM50BIM3X T5B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LM50CIM3X T5C 3000 Units on Tape and Reel Typical Application DS012030-3 FIGURE 1. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor (-40C to +125C) (c) 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012030 www.national.com LM50 SOT-23 Single-Supply Centigrade Temperature Sensor July 1999 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Supply Voltage Output Voltage Output Current Storage Temperature Lead Temperature: SOT Package (Note 2): Vapor Phase (60 seconds) Infrared (15 seconds) TJMAX, Maximum Junction Temperature ESD Susceptibility (Note 3): Human Body Model Machine Model +12V to -0.2V (+VS + 0.6V) to -1.0V 10 mA -65C to +150C 2000V 250V Operating Ratings (Note 1) Specified Temperature Range: LM50C LM50B Operating Temperature Range JA (Note 4) Supply Voltage Range (+VS) 215C 220C 150C TMIN to TMAX -40C to +125C -25C to +100C -40C to +150C 450C/W +4.5V to +10V Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for VS = +5 VDC and ILOAD = +0.5 A, in the circuit of Figure 1. Boldface limits apply for the specified TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = +25C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions LM50B Typical LM50C Limit Typical Limit Units (Limit) (Note 5) (Note 5) 2.0 3.0 C (max) Nonlinearity (Note 7) 0.8 3.0 4.0 4.0 0.8 Sensor Gain +9.7 +9.7 mV/C (min) +10.3 mV/C (max) Accuracy (Note 6) TA = +25C TA = TMAX TA = TMIN +3.0, -3.5 (Average Slope) +10.3 Output Resistance Line Regulation 2000 C (max) 4000 (max) mV/V (max) 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.2 +4.5V VS +10V 130 130 A (max) 180 180 A (max) 2.0 2.0 A (max) (Note 9) Change of Quiescent 2000 C (max) +4.5V VS +10V (Note 8) Quiescent Current 4000 C (max) +4.5V VS +10V mV/V (max) Current (Note 9) Temperature Coefficient of +1.0 +2.0 A/C 0.08 0.08 C Quiescent Current Long Term Stability (Note 10) TJ = 125C, for 1000 hours Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. Note 2: See AN-450 "Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability" or the section titled "Surface Mount" found in a current National Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. Note 3: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k resistor. Machine model, 200 pF discharged directly into each pin. Note 4: Thermal resistance of the SOT-23 package is specified without a heat sink, junction to ambient. Note 5: Limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 6: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/C times the device's case temperature plus 500 mV, at specified conditions of voltage, current, and temperature (expressed in C). Note 7: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device's rated temperature range. Note 8: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance. Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure 1 . Note 10: For best long-term stability, any precision circuit will give best results if the unit is aged at a warm temperature, and/or temperature cycled for at least 46 hours before long-term life test begins. This is especially true when a small (Surface-Mount) part is wave-soldered; allow time for stress relaxation to occur. The majority of the drift will occur in the first 1000 hours at elevated temperatures. The drift after 1000 hours will not continue at the first 1000 hour rate. www.national.com 2 Typical Performance Characteristics To generate these curves the LM50 was mounted to a printed circuit board as shown in Figure 2. Thermal Resistance Junction to Air Thermal Response in Still Air with Heat Sink (Figure 2) Thermal Time Constant DS012030-22 DS012030-21 Thermal Response in Stirred Oil Bath with Heat Sink DS012030-23 Start-Up Voltage vs Temperature Thermal Response in Still Air without a Heat Sink DS012030-25 DS012030-26 DS012030-24 Quiescent Current vs Temperature (Figure 1) Noise Voltage Accuracy vs Temperature DS012030-28 DS012030-29 DS012030-27 3 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics To generate these curves the LM50 was mounted to a printed circuit board as shown in Figure 2. (Continued) Supply Voltage vs Supply Current Start-Up Response DS012030-31 DS012030-30 as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often used to ensure that moisture cannot corrode the LM50 or its connections. Temperature Rise of LM50 Due to Self-Heating (Thermal Resistance, JA) SOT-23 SOT-23 no heat sink* small heat fin** Still air 450C/W Moving air 260C/W 180C/W * Part soldered to 30 gauge wire. ** Heat sink used is 12" square printed circuit board with 2 oz. foil with part at- tached as shown in Figure 2. DS012030-19 2.0 Capacitive Loads FIGURE 2. Printed Circuit Board Used for Heat Sink to Generate All Curves. 12" Square Printed Circuit Board with 2 oz. Foil or Similar 1.0 Mounting DS012030-7 The LM50 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within about 0.2C of the surface temperature. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature of the LM50 die would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature. To ensure good thermal conductivity the backside of the LM50 die is directly attached to the GND pin. The lands and traces to the LM50 will, of course, be part of the printed circuit board, which is the object whose temperature is being measured. These printed circuit board lands and traces will not cause the LM50s temperature to deviate from the desired temperature. Alternatively, the LM50 can be mounted inside a sealed-end metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM50 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such www.national.com FIGURE 3. LM50 No Decoupling Required for Capacitive Load DS012030-8 FIGURE 4. LM50C with Filter for Noisy Environment The LM50 handles capacitive loading very well. Without any special precautions, the LM50 can drive any capacitive load. The LM50 has a nominal 2 k output impedance (as can be seen in the block diagram). The temperature coefficient of the output resistors is around 1300 ppm/C. Taking into account this temperature coefficient and the initial tolerance of the resistors the output impedance of the LM50 will not exceed 4 k. In an extremely noisy environment it may be necessary to add some filtering to minimize noise pickup. It is recommended that 0.1 F be added from VIN to GND to by4 2.0 Capacitive Loads the thermal time constant of the LM50 is much slower than the 25 ms time constant formed by the RC, the overall response time of the LM50 will not be significantly affected. For much larger capacitors this additional time lag will increase the overall response time of the LM50. (Continued) pass the power supply voltage, as shown in Figure 4. In a noisy environment it may be necessary to add a capacitor from the output to ground. A 1 F output capacitor with the 4 k output impedance will form a 40 Hz lowpass filter. Since DS012030-17 *R2 2k with a typical 1300 ppm/C drift. FIGURE 5. Block Diagram 3.0 Typical Applications DS012030-11 FIGURE 6. Centigrade Thermostat/Fan Controller DS012030-13 FIGURE 7. Temperature To Digital Converter (Serial Output) (+125C Full Scale) 5 www.national.com 3.0 Typical Applications (Continued) DS012030-14 FIGURE 8. Temperature To Digital Converter (Parallel TRI-STATE (R) Outputs for Standard Data Bus to P Interface) (125C Full Scale) DS012030-16 FIGURE 9. LM50 With Voltage-To-Frequency Converter And Isolated Output (-40C to +125C; 100 Hz to 1750 Hz) www.national.com 6 LM50 SOT-23 Single-Supply Centigrade Temperature Sensor Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted SOT-23 Molded Small Outline Transistor Package (M3) Order Number LM50BIM3, or LM50CIM3 NS Package Number MA03B LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: support@nsc.com www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 85 English Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 78 32 Francais Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 93 58 Italiano Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-534 16 80 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: sea.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.