MIC47150 1.5A, Low Voltage, Adjustable, HighBandwidth LDO Regulator with Dual Input Supplies General Description Features The MIC47150 is a high-bandwidth, low-dropout, 1.5A voltage regulator ideal for powering core voltages of lowpower microprocessors. The MIC47150 implements a dual supply configuration allowing for very low output impedance and very fast transient response. The MIC47150 requires a bias input supply between 3V and 6.5V for proper operation. The main input supply rail operates from 1.4V to 6.5V that allows for adjustable output voltages down to 0.9V. The MIC47150 requires a minimum of 1F output capacitance for stability, and optimal operation is achieved with small ceramic capacitors. The MIC47150 is available in a 5-pin power D-Pak package (TO-252) with an operating temperature range of -40C to +125C. * Input Voltage Range: - VIN: 1.4V to 6.5V - VBIAS: 3.0V to 6.5V * Stable with 1F ceramic capacitor * 1% initial tolerance * Maximum dropout voltage (VIN-VOUT) of 500mV over temperature * Adjustable output voltage down to 0.9V * Ultra fast transient response (Up to 10MHz bandwidth) * Excellent line and load regulation specifications * Power D-Pak package (TO-252) * Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection * Junction temperature range: -40C to +125C Datasheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at www.micrel.com. Applications * * * * * * Graphics processors PC add-in cards Microprocessor core voltage supply Low voltage digital ICs High efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulators __________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application* Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit *See Thermal Design Section Micrel Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com October 2009 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Ordering Information Part Number Output Current Voltage Junction Temp. Range Package 1.5A Adjustable -40 to +125C 5-Pin TO-252 MIC47150WD* Note: * RoHS compliant with `high-melting solder' exemption. Pin Configuration 5-Pin TO-252 D-Pak (D) Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1 ADJ Adjustable Regulator Feedback Input: Connect to the resistor voltage divider that is placed from OUT to GND in order to set the output voltage. 2 BIAS Input Bias Voltage: Voltage for powering all internal circuitry of the regulator with the exception of the output power device. 3 GND, TAB 4 IN 5 OUT October 2009 Pin Name Ground: TAB is also connected internally to the IC's ground on D-Pak. Input Voltage: Supplies the current to the output power device Regulator Output: The output voltage is set by the resistor divider connected from OUT to GND (with the divided connection tied to ADJ). A minimum value capacitor must be used to maintain stability. See Applications Information. 2 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ......................................... -0.3V to +8V Bias Supply Voltage (VBIAS).............................. -0.3V to +8V Power Dissipation .....................................Internally Limited ESD Rating(3) .................................................................. 2kV Supply Voltage (VIN)..................................... +1.4V to +6.5V Bias Supply Voltage (VBIAS)............................. +3V to +6.5V Junction Temperature (TJ) ..................-40C TJ +125C Package Thermal Resistance TO-252 (JC) ........................................................3C/W TO-252 (JA).......................................................56C/W Electrical Characteristics(4) VIN = VOUT + 1V, VBIAS = VOUT + 2.1V, IOUT = 10mA; TA = 25C, bold values indicate -40C TJ +125C, unless noted. Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units VLNREG Line Regulation VIN = (VOUT +1V) to 6.5V -0.1 0.01 +0.1 %/V VLDREG Load Regulation IOUT = 10mA to 1.5A 0.2 1.5 % VDO Dropout Voltage (VIN - VOUT) IOUT = 750mA IOUT = 1.5A 130 280 300 500 mV mV VDO(BIAS) Dropout Voltage (VBIAS - VOUT), Note 5 IOUT = 750mA IOUT = 1.5A 1.3 1.65 2.1 V Ground Pin Current, Note 6 IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 1.5A 15 15 30 mA 9 32 25 mA mA 2.3 3.4 4 A A IGND IBIAS Current thru VBIAS IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 1.5A ILIM Current Limit VOUT = 0V TSD Thermal Shutdown 168 C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 10 C 1.6 Reference (Adjust Pin) VADJ Reference Voltage IADJ Adjust Pin Current 0.891 0.882 VADJ = 1.2V 0.9 0.909 0.918 V V 0.01 1 A Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. Specification for packaged product only. 5. For VOUT 1V, VBIAS dropout specification does not apply due to a minimum 3V VBIAS input. 6. IGND = IBIAS + (IIN - IOUT). At high loads, input current on VIN will be less than the output current, due to drive current being supplied by VBIAS. October 2009 3 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Typical Characteristics October 2009 4 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Typical Characteristics (continued) October 2009 5 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Functional Characteristics October 2009 6 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60% respectively over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic or a tantalum capacitor to ensure the same capacitance value over the operating temperature range. Tantalum capacitors have a very stable dielectric (10% over their operating temperature range) and can also be used with this device. Functional Description The MIC47150 is an ultra-high performance, low-dropout linear regulator designed for high current applications requiring fast transient response. The MIC47150 utilizes two input supplies, significantly reducing dropout voltage, perfect for low-voltage, DC-to-DC conversion. The MIC47150 requires a minimum of external components and obtains a bandwidth of up to 10MHz. As a Cap regulator, the output is tolerant of virtually any type of capacitor including ceramic type and tantalum type capacitors. The MIC47150 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions, offering linear current limiting and thermal shutdown. Input Capacitor Additional bypass capacitance is recommended when the device is more than 2 to 3 inches away from the bulk supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surface-mount, ceramic chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. A 1F or greater ceramic input capacitor should be placed next to the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Bias Supply Voltage VBIAS, requiring relatively light current, provides power to the control portion of the MIC47150. VBIAS requires approximately 32mA for a 1.5A load current. Dropout conditions require higher currents. Most of the biasing current is used to supply the base current to the pass transistor. This allows the pass element to be driven into saturation, reducing the dropout to 280mV at a 1.5A load current. Bypassing on the bias pin is recommended to improve performance of the regulator during line and load transients. Small ceramic capacitors from VBIAS to ground help reduce high frequency noise from being injected into the control circuitry from the bias rail and are good design practice. Good bypass techniques typically include one larger capacitor such as 1F ceramic and smaller valued capacitors such as 0.01F or 0.001F in parallel with that larger capacitor to decouple the bias supply. The VBIAS input voltage must be 2.1V above the output voltage with a minimum VBIAS input voltage of 3 volts. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: * Maximum ambient temperature (TA) * Output current (IOUT) * Output voltage (VOUT) * Input voltage (VIN) * Ground current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = VIN x IIN + VBIAS x IBIAS - VOUT x IOUT The input current will be less than the output current at high output currents as the load increases. The bias current is a sum of base drive and ground current. Ground current is constant over load current. Then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: Input Supply Voltage VIN provides the high current to the collector of the pass transistor. The minimum input voltage is 1.4V, allowing conversion from low voltage supplies. Output Capacitor The MIC47150 is designed to be stable with a minimal capacitance value and without ESR constraints. However, proper capacitor selection is important to ensure desired transient response. A 1F ceramic chip capacitor should satisfy most applications and output capacitance can be increased without bound. See "Typical Characteristic" for examples of load transient response. X7R dielectric ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric October 2009 TJ(MAX) - TA SA = PD - ( JC + CS ) The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the maximum input voltage is known and large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low-dropout properties of the MIC47150 allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a 7 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 would not exceed the temperature (125C) is capacitor of at least 1F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to "Application Note 9" for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink specifications. maximum junction PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) - TA)/JA = (125C - 75C)/(56C/W) = 0.893W The maximum power allowed can be calculated using the thermal resistance (JA) of the D-Pak adhering to the following criteria for the PCB design: 2 oz. copper and 100mm2 copper area for the MIC47150. Given a maximum ambient temperature (TA=75C), and without the use of a heat sink, the maximum power allowed that October 2009 IC's Minimum Load Current The MIC47150, unlike most other high current regulators, does not require a minimum load to maintain output voltage regulation. 8 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Application Information Adjustable Regulator Design The MIC47150 allows programming the output down to 0.9V. From the typical application in Figure 1, the output voltage is set by placing a resistor divider network from OUT to GND and is determined by the following equation: R1 VOUT = 0.9 x + 1 R2 where VOUT is the desired output voltage. The resistor value between VOUT and the adjust pin should not exceed 10k. Larger values can cause instability. The resistor values are calculated from the above equation, resulting in the following: V R1 = R2 x OUT - 1 0.9 EVB Layout The MIC47150 evaluation board layout is shown in Figures 2 and 3. For customer application boards, recommended variations include using a static resistor for R2 in place of the potentiometer as well as the elimination of all test points and jumper options that are included on the MIC47150 evaluation board. Figure 2. MIC47150 EVB Top Layer Figure 3. MIC47150 EVB Bottom Layer October 2009 9 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Evaluation Board Bill of Materials Item C1 C2 Part Number Manufacturer C1206C106K8RACTU Kemet(1) C0805C105K8RACTU Kemet (1) (1) C3 C0805C105K8RACTU Kemet R1 CRCW08051800F Vishay(2) R2 PV36W502C01B00 Murata(3) U1 MIC47150WD Micrel, Inc. (4) Description Qty. Ceramic Capacitor, 10F, 10V, X7R 1 Ceramic Capacitor, 1F, 10V, X7R 1 Ceramic Capacitor, 1F, 10V, X7R 1 Resistor, 180, Film, 0805 1 5k Potentiometer 1 MIC47150 LDO Regulator 1 Notes: 1. Kemet: www.kemet.com 2. Vishay: www.vishay.com 3. Murata: www.murata.com 4. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com October 2009 10 M9999-102309-A Micrel, Inc. MIC47150 Package Information 5-Pin TO-252 Power D-Pak (D) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2009 Micrel, Incorporated. October 2009 11 M9999-102309-A