Product Folder Sample & Buy Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents Reference Design LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 LM22677/-Q1 42-V, 5-A SIMPLE SWITCHER(R), Step-Down Voltage Regulator With Features 1 Features 3 Description * * * * * The LM22677 switching regulator provides all of the functions necessary to implement an efficient highvoltage step-down (buck) regulator using a minimum of external components. This easy-to-use regulator incorporates a 42-V N-channel MOSFET switch that can provide up to 5 A of load current. Excellent line and load regulation along with high efficiency (> 90%) are featured. Voltage mode control offers short minimum on-time, allowing the widest ratio between input and output voltages. Internal loop compensation means that the user is free from the tedious task of calculating the loop compensation components. Fixed 5-V output and adjustable output voltage options are available. The default switching frequency is set at 500 kHz, thus allowing for small external components and good transient response. In addition, the frequency can be adjusted over a range of 200 kHz to 1 MHz with a single external resistor. The internal oscillator can be synchronized to a system clock or to the oscillator of another regulator. A precision enable input allows simplification of regulator control and system power sequencing. In shutdown mode the regulator draws only 25 A (typical). The LM22677 also has built-in thermal shutdown, and current limiting to protect against accidental overloads. 1 * * * * * * * * * * Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 42 V Internally Compensated Voltage Mode Control Stable With Low ESR Ceramic Capacitors 100-m N-Channel MOSFET Output Voltage Options: - -ADJ (Outputs as Low as 1.285 V) - -5.0 (Output Fixed to 5 V) 1.5% Feedback Reference Accuracy 500-kHz Default Switching Frequency Adjustable Switching Frequency and Synchronization -40C to +125C Operating Junction Temperature Range Precision Enable Input Integrated Boot-Strap Diode Integrated Soft-Start Fully WEBENCH(R) Enabled LM22677-Q1 is an Automotive-Grade Product that is AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Qualified (-40C to +125C Operating Junction Temperature) NDR (Exposed Pad) 2 Applications * * * * Industrial Control Telecom and Datacom Systems Embedded Systems Conversions from Standard 24-V, 12-V and 5-V Input Rails The LM22677 device is a member of Texas Instruments' SIMPLE SWITCHER(R) family. The SIMPLE SWITCHER concept provides for an easy-touse complete design using a minimum number of external components and the TI WEBENCH design tool. TI's WEBENCH tool includes features such as external component calculation, electrical simulation, thermal simulation, and Build-It boards for easy design-in. Device Information(1) Simplified Application Schematic PART NUMBER VIN VIN FB LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677-ADJ BOOT VOUT RT/SYNC EN GND SW PACKAGE TO-263 (7) BODY SIZE (NOM) 10.16 mm x 9.85 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet. 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings: LM22677 ............................................ ESD Ratings: LM22677-Q1 ...................................... Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Thermal Information .................................................. Electrical Characteristics........................................... Typical Characteristics .............................................. Detailed Description .............................................. 8 7.1 Overview ................................................................... 8 7.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 8 7.3 Feature Description................................................... 8 7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 12 8 Applications and Implementation ...................... 15 8.1 Application Information............................................ 15 8.2 Typical Application .................................................. 16 9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 19 10 Layout................................................................... 19 10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 19 10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 20 10.3 Thermal Considerations ........................................ 21 11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 22 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Documentation Support ........................................ Related Links ........................................................ Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 22 22 22 22 22 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 22 4 Revision History Changes from Revision N (November 2014) to Revision O Page * Changed the word Pin to Input............................................................................................................................................... 1 * Changed the Q grade part number corrected to LM22677 from LM2677'; added icon for Reference Design to top navs ... 1 * Changed "PFM" Package to "NDR" Package ....................................................................................................................... 3 Changes from Revision M (April 2013) to Revision N Page * Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, Handling Rating table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 * Deleted Inverting Regulator Application ............................................................................................................................... 15 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 5 Pin Configuration and Functions NDR Package 7-Pin TO-263 Top View 7 EN 6 FB 5 RT/SYNC 4 GND 3 BOOT 2 VIN 1 SW Exposed Pad Connect to GND Pin Functions PIN NAME NO. TYPE (1) DESCRIPTION APPLICATION INFORMATION SW 1 O Switch output Switching output of regulator VIN 2 I Input voltage Supply input to the regulator BOOT 3 I Bootstrap input Provides the gate voltage for the high side N-FET GND 4 -- Ground input to regulator; system common System ground pin RT/SYNC 5 I Oscillator mode control input Used to control oscillator mode of regulator. See Switching Frequency Adjustment and Synchronization section of data sheet. FB 6 I Feedback input Feedback input to regulator EN 7 I Enable input Used to control regulator start-up and shutdown. See Precision Enable and UVLO section of data sheet. EP EP -- Exposed Pad Connect to ground. Provides thermal connection to PCB. See Applications and Implementation. (1) O = Output, I = Input, G = Ground, P = Power Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 3 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) MIN MAX VIN to GND UNIT 43 V EN Pin Voltage -0.5 6 V RT/SYNC Pin Voltage -0.5 7 V SW to GND (3) -5 BOOT Pin Voltage FB Pin Voltage VIN V VSW + 7 V 7 V -0.5 Power Dissipation Internally Limited Junction Temperature 150 C For soldering specifications, refer to Application Report Absolute Maximum Ratings for Soldering (SNOA549). Storage temperature, Tstg (1) (2) (3) -65 150 C Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the absolute maximum ratings or other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions at which the device is functional and should not be operated beyond such conditions. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. The absolute-maximum specification of the `SW to GND' applies to dc voltage. An extended negative voltage limit of -10 V applies to a pulse of up to 50 ns. 6.2 ESD Ratings: LM22677 V(ESD) (1) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 VALUE UNIT 2000 V (1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 6.3 ESD Ratings: LM22677-Q1 V(ESD) (1) Human-body model (HBM), per AEC Q100-002 (1) Electrostatic discharge VALUE UNIT 2000 V AEC Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification. 6.4 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) VIN MIN MAX Supply Voltage 4.5 42 UNIT V Junction Temperature -40 125 C 6.5 Thermal Information LM22677 THERMAL METRIC (1) (2) NDR (TO-263) UNIT 7 PINS RJA (1) (2) 4 Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 22 C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application report (SPRA953). The value of RJA for the NDR (TJ) package of 22C/W is valid if package is mounted to 1 square inch of copper. The RJA value can range from 20 to 30C/W depending on the amount of PCB copper dedicated to heat transfer. See application note AN-1797 TO-263 THIN Package (SNVA328) for more information. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 6.6 Electrical Characteristics Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TA = TJ = 25C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = 12 V. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN (1) TYP (2) MAX (1) 4.925 5.0 5.075 UNIT LM22677-5.0 VFB VIN = 8 V to 42 V Feedback Voltage VIN = 8 V to 42 V, -40C TJ 125C 4.9 5.1 V LM22677-ADJ VFB Feedback Voltage VIN = 4.7 V to 42 V 1.266 VIN = 4.7 V to 42 V, -40C TJ 125C 1.259 1.285 1.304 1.311 V ALL OUTPUT VOLTAGE VERSIONS IQ Quiescent Current ISTDBY Standby Quiescent Current ICL Current Limit IL Output Leakage Current RDS(ON) Switch On-Resistance fO Oscillator Frequency TOFFMIN Minimum Off-time TONMIN Minimum On-time IBIAS Feedback Bias Current VFB = 5 V 3.4 VFB = 5 V, -40C TJ 125C 6 EN Pin = 0 V 6.0 -40C TJ 125C 25 40 7.1 8.4 5.75 8.75 mA A A VIN = 42 V, EN Pin = 0 V, VSW = 0 V 0.2 2 A VSW = -1 V 0.1 3 A 0.1 0.14 -40C TJ 125C 0.2 500 -40C TJ 125C 400 -40C TJ 125C 100 600 200 300 kHz ns 100 ns VFB = 1.3 V (ADJ Version Only) 230 nA Falling 1.6 VEN Enable Threshold Voltage VENHYST Enable Voltage Hysteresis IEN Enable Input Current EN Input = 0 V 6 A FSYNC Maximum Synchronization Frequency VSYNC = 3.5 V, 50% duty-cycle 1 MHz VSYNC Synchronization Threshold Voltage 1.75 V TSD Thermal Shutdown Threshold 150 C (1) (2) Falling, -40C TJ 125C 1.3 1.9 0.6 V V MIN and MAX limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are ensured through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Limits are used to calculate TI's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at the conditions specified and are not ensured. Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 5 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com 6.7 Typical Characteristics VIN = 12 V, TJ = 25C (unless otherwise specified). 6 Figure 1. Efficiency vs IOUT and VIN, VOUT = 3.3 V Figure 2. Normalized Switching Frequency vs Temperature Figure 3. Current Limit vs Temperature Figure 4. Normalized RDS(ON) vs Temperature Figure 5. Feedback Bias Current vs Temperature Figure 6. Normalized Enable Threshold Voltage vs Temperature Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 Typical Characteristics (continued) VIN = 12 V, TJ = 25C (unless otherwise specified). Figure 7. Standby Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage Figure 8. Normalized Feedback Voltage vs Temperature Figure 9. Normalized Feedback Voltage vs Input Voltage Figure 10. Switching Frequency vs RT/SYNC Resistor Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 7 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com 7 Detailed Description 7.1 Overview The LM22677 device incorporates a voltage mode constant frequency PWM architecture. In addition, input voltage feedforward is used to stabilize the loop gain against variations in input voltage. This allows the loop compensation to be optimized for transient performance. The power MOSFET, in conjunction with the diode, produce a rectangular waveform at the switch pin, that swings from about zero volts to VIN. The inductor and output capacitor average this waveform to become the regulator output voltage. By adjusting the duty cycle of this waveform, the output voltage can be controlled. The error amplifier compares the output voltage with the internal reference and adjusts the duty cycle to regulate the output at the desired value. The internal loop compensation of the -ADJ option is optimized for outputs of 5 V and below. If an output voltage of 5 V or greater is required, the -5.0 option can be used with an external voltage divider. The minimum output voltage is equal to the reference voltage, that is, 1.285 V (typical). 7.2 Functional Block Diagram VIN VIN Vcc BOOT INT REG, EN,UVLO EN ILimit PWM Cmp. FB + TYPE III COMP + - LOGIC Error Amp. VOUT SW OSC 1.285V & Soft-Start RT/SYNC GND 7.3 Feature Description 7.3.1 Precision Enable and UVLO The precision enable input (EN) is used to control the regulator. The precision feature allows simple sequencing of multiple power supplies with a resistor divider from another supply. Connecting this pin to ground or to a voltage less than 1.6 V (typical) will turn off the regulator. The current drain from the input supply, in this state, is 25 A (typical) at an input voltage of 12 V. The EN input has an internal pullup of about 6 A. Therefore this pin can be left floating or pulled to a voltage greater than 2.2 V (typical) to turn the regulator on. The hysteresis on this input is about 0.6 V (typical) above the 1.6 V (typical) threshold. When driving the enable input, the voltage must never exceed the 6 V absolute maximum specification for this pin. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 Feature Description (continued) Although an internal pullup is provided on the EN pin, it is good practice to pull the input high, when this feature is not used, especially in noisy environments. This can most easily be done by connecting a resistor between VIN and the EN pin. The resistor is required, because the internal zener diode, at the EN pin, will conduct for voltages above about 6 V. The current in this zener must be limited to less than 100 A. A resistor of 470 k will limit the current to a safe value for input voltages as high 42 V. Smaller values of resistor can be used at lower input voltages. The LM22677 also incorporates an input undervoltage lock-out (UVLO) feature. This prevents the regulator from turning on when the input voltage is not great enough to properly bias the internal circuitry. The rising threshold is 4.3 V (typical) while the falling threshold is 3.9 V (typical). In some cases these thresholds may be too low to provide good system performance. The solution is to use the EN input as an external UVLO to disable the part when the input voltage falls below a lower boundary. This is often used to prevent excessive battery discharge or early turn-on during start-up. This method is also recommended to prevent abnormal device operation in applications where the input voltage falls below the minimum of 4.5 V. Figure 11 shows the connections to implement this method of UVLO. Equation 1 and Equation 2 can be used to determine the correct resistor values. (1) where * * Voff is the input voltage where the regulator shuts off. Von is the voltage where the regulator turns on. (2) Due to the 6 A pullup, the current in the divider should be much larger than this. A value of 20 k, for RENB is a good first choice. Also, a zener diode may be needed between the EN pin and ground, in order to comply with the absolute maximum ratings on this pin. Vin RENT EN RENB Figure 11. External UVLO Connections 7.3.2 Soft-Start The soft-start feature allows the regulator to gradually reach steady-state operation, thus reducing start-up stresses. The internal soft-start feature brings the output voltage up in about 500 s. This time is fixed and can not be changed. Soft-start is reset any time the part is shut down or a thermal overload event occurs. 7.3.3 Switching Frequency Adjustment and Synchronization The LM22677 will operate in three different modes, depending on the condition of the RT/SYNC pin. With the RT/SYNC pin floating, the regulator will switch at the internally set frequency of 500 kHz (typ). With a resistor in the range of 25 k to 200 k, connected from RT/SYNC to ground, the internal switching frequency can be adjusted from 1 MHz to 200 kHz. Figure 12 shows the typical curve for switching frequency versus the external resistance connected to the RT/SYNC pin. The accuracy of the switching frequency, in this mode, is slightly worse than that of the internal oscillator; about 25% is to be expected. Finally, an external clock can be applied to the RT/SYNC pin to allow the regulator to synchronize to a system clock or another LM22677. The mode is set during start-up of the regulator. When the LM22677 is enabled, or after VIN is applied, a weak pullup is connected to the RT/SYNC pin and, after approximately 100 s, the voltage on the pin is checked against a Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 9 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com Feature Description (continued) threshold of about 0.8 V. With the RT/SYNC pin open, the voltage floats above this threshold, and the mode is set to run with the internal clock. With a frequency set resistor present, an internal reference holds the pin voltage at 0.8 V; the resulting current sets the mode to allow the resistor to control the clock frequency. If the external circuit forces the RT/SYNC pin to a voltage much greater or less than 0.8 V, the mode is set to allow external synchronization. The mode is latched until either the EN or the input supply is cycled. The choice of switching frequency is governed by several considerations. As an example, lower frequencies may be desirable to reduce switching losses or improve duty cycle limits. Higher frequencies, or a specific frequency, may be desirable to avoid problems with EMI or reduce the physical size of external components. The flexibility of increasing the switching frequency above 500 kHz can also be used to operate outside a critical signal frequency band for a given application. Keep in mind that the values of inductor and output capacitor cannot be reduced dramatically, by operating above 500 kHz. This is true because the design of the internal loop compensation restricts the range of these components. Frequency synchronization requires some care. First the external clock frequency must be greater than the internal clock frequency, and less than 1 MHz. The maximum internal switching frequency is specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. NOTE The frequency adjust feature and the synchronization feature can not be used simultaneously. The synchronizing frequency must always be greater than the internal clock frequency. Secondly, the RT/SYNC pin must see a valid high or low voltage, during start-up, in order for the regulator to go into the synchronizing mode (see above). Also, the amplitude of the synchronizing pulses must comport with VSYNC levels found in the Electrical Characteristics table. The regulator will synchronize on the rising edge of the external clock. If the external clock is lost during normal operation, the regulator will revert to the 500 kHz (typical) internal clock. If the frequency synchronization feature is used, current limit foldback is not operational (see the Current Limit section for details). Figure 12. Switching Frequency vs RT/SYNC Resistor 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 Feature Description (continued) 7.3.4 Self Synchronization It is possible to synchronize multiple LM22677 regulators together to share the same switching frequency. This can be done by tying the RT/SYNC pins together through a MOSFET and connecting a 1 k resistor to ground at each pin. Figure 13 shows this connection. The gate of the MOSFET should be connected to the regulator with the highest output voltage. Also, the EN pins of both regulators should be tied to the common system enable, in order to properly initialize both regulators. The operation is as follows: When the regulators are enabled, the outputs are low and the MOSFET is off. The 1 k resistors pull the RT/SYNC pins low, thus enabling the synchronization mode. These resistors are small enough to pull the RT/SYNC pin low, rather than activate the frequency adjust mode. Once the output voltage of one of the regulators is sufficient to turn on the MOSFET, the two RT/SYNC pins are tied together and the regulators will run in synchronization mode. The two regulators will be clocked at the same frequency but slightly phase shifted according to the minimum off-time of the regulator with the fastest internal oscillator. The slight phase shift helps to reduce stress on the input capacitors of the regulator. It is important to choose a MOSFET with a low gate threshold voltage so that the MOSFET will be fully enhanced. Also, a MOSFET with low inter-electrode capacitance is required. The 2N7002 is a good choice. ENABLE EN EN LM22677 LM22677 RT/SYNC RT/SYNC 2N7002 1k 1k Vout Figure 13. Self Synchronizing Setup 7.3.5 Boot-Strap Supply The LM22677 incorporates a floating high-side gate driver to control the power MOSFET. The supply for this driver is the external boot-strap capacitor connected between the BOOT pin and SW. A good quality 10 nF ceramic capacitor must be connected to these pins with short, wide PCB traces. One reason the regulator imposes a minimum off-time is to ensure that this capacitor recharges every switching cycle. A minimum load of about 5 mA is required to fully recharge the boot-strap capacitor in the minimum off-time. Some of this load can be provided by the output voltage divider, if used. 7.3.6 Internal Compensation The LM22677 has internal loop compensation designed to provide a stable regulator over a wide range of external power stage components. The internal compensation of the -ADJ option is optimized for output voltages below 5 V. If an output voltage of 5 V or greater is needed, the -5.0 option with an external resistor divider can be used. Ensuring stability of a design with a specific power stage (inductor and output capacitor) can be tricky. The LM22677 stability can be verified using the WEBENCH Designer online circuit simulation tool. A quick start spreadsheet can also be downloaded from the online product folder. The complete transfer function for the regulator loop is found by combining the compensation and power stage transfer functions. The LM22677 has internal type III loop compensation, as detailed in Figure 14. This is the approximate "straight line" function from the FB pin to the input of the PWM modulator. The power stage transfer function consists of a dc gain and a second order pole created by the inductor and output capacitor(s). Due to the input voltage feedforward employed in the LM22677, the power stage dc gain is fixed at 20 dB. The second order pole is characterized by its resonant frequency and its quality factor (Q). For a first pass design, the product of inductance and output capacitance should conform to Equation 3. (3) Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 11 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com Feature Description (continued) Alternatively, this pole should be placed between 1.5 kHz and 15 kHz and is given by Equation 4. (4) The Q factor depends on the parasitic resistance of the power stage components and is not typically in the control of the designer. Of course, loop compensation is only one consideration when selecting power stage components (see the Applications and Implementation section for more details). COMPENSATOR GAIN (dB) 40 35 -ADJ -5.0 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M Figure 14. Compensator Gain In general, hand calculations or simulations can only aid in selecting good power stage components. Good design practice dictates that load and line transient testing should be done to verify the stability of the application. Also, Bode plot measurements should be made to determine stability margins. AN-1889 How to Measure the Loop Transfer Function of Power Supplies (SNVA364) shows how to perform a loop transfer function measurement with only an oscilloscope and function generator. 7.4 Device Functional Modes 7.4.1 Current Limit The LM22677 has current limiting to prevent the switch current from exceeding safe values during an accidental overload on the output. This peak current limit is found in the Electrical Characteristics table under the heading of ICL. The maximum load current that can be provided, before current limit is reached, is determined from Equation 5. where * L is the value of the power inductor. (5) When the LM22677 enters current limit, the output voltage will drop and the peak inductor current will be fixed at ICL at the end of each cycle. The switching frequency will remain constant while the duty cycle drops. The load current will not remain constant, but will depend on the severity of the overload and the output voltage. For very severe overloads ("short-circuit"), the regulator changes to a low frequency current foldback mode of operation. The frequency foldback is about 1/5 of the nominal switching frequency. This will occur when the current limit trips before the minimum on-time has elapsed. This mode of operation is used to prevent inductor current "run-away", and is associated with very low output voltages when in overload. Equation 6 can be used to determine what level of output voltage will cause the part to change to low frequency current foldback. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 Device Functional Modes (continued) where * * Fsw is the normal switching frequency. Vin is the maximum for the application. (6) If the overload drives the output voltage to less than or equal to Vx, the device will enter current foldback mode. If a given application can drive the output voltage to Vx, during an overload, then a second criterion must be checked. Equation 7 gives the maximum input voltage, when in this mode, before damage occurs: where * * Vsc is the value of output voltage during the overload. Fsw is the normal switching frequency. (7) NOTE If the input voltage should exceed this value while in foldback mode, the regulator and/or the diode may be damaged. It is important to note that the voltages in these equations are measured at the inductor. Normal trace and wiring resistance will cause the voltage at the inductor to be higher than that at a remote load. Therefore, even if the load is shorted with zero volts across its terminals, the inductor will still see a finite voltage. It is this value that should be used for Vx and Vsc in the calculations. In order to return from foldback mode, the load must be reduced to a value much lower than that required to initiate foldback. This load "hysteresis" is a normal aspect of any type of current limit foldback associated with voltage regulators. If the frequency synchronization feature is used, the current limit frequency fold-back is not operational, and the system may not survive a hard short-circuit at the output. The safe operating areas, when in short circuit mode, are shown in Figure 15 through Figure 17, for different switching frequencies. Operating points below and to the right of the curve represent safe operation. 45 45 40 40 35 35 INPUT VOLTAGE (v) INPUT VOLTAGE (v) NOTE Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17 curves are not valid when the LM22677 is in frequency synchronization mode. 30 25 SAFE OPERATING AREA 20 15 10 30 25 SAFE OPERATING AREA 20 15 10 5 5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 SHORT CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (v) 1.2 0.0 Figure 15. SOA at 300 kHz Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 SHORT CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (v) 1.2 Figure 16. SOA at 500 kHz Submit Documentation Feedback 13 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com Device Functional Modes (continued) 45 INPUT VOLTAGE (v) 40 35 30 25 20 SAFE OPERATING AREA 15 10 5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 SHORT CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (v) 1.2 Figure 17. SOA at 800 kHz 7.4.2 Thermal Protection Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the LM22677 should the maximum junction temperature be exceeded. This protection is activated at about 150C, with the result that the regulator will shut down until the temperature drops below about 135C. 7.4.3 Duty-Cycle Limits Ideally the regulator would control the duty cycle over the full range of zero to one. However, due to inherent delays in the circuitry, there are limits on both the maximum and minimum duty cycles that can be reliably controlled. This in turn places limits on the maximum and minimum input and output voltages that can be converted by the LM22677. A minimum on-time is imposed by the regulator in order to correctly measure the switch current during a current limit event. A minimum off-time is imposed in order the re-charge the bootstrap capacitor. Equation 8 can be used to determine the approximate maximum input voltage for a given output voltage. where * * Fsw is the switching frequency. TON is the minimum on-time. (8) If the frequency adjust feature is used, that value should be used for Fsw. Nominal values should be used. The worst case is lowest output voltage, and highest switching frequency. If this input voltage is exceeded, the regulator will skip cycles, effectively lowering the switching frequency. The consequences of this are higher output voltage ripple and a degradation of the output voltage accuracy. The second limitation is the maximum duty cycle before the output voltage will "dropout" of regulation. Equation 9 can be used to approximate the minimum input voltage before dropout occurs. where * The values of TOFF and RDS(ON) are found in the Electrical Characteristics table. (9) The worst case here is highest switching frequency and highest load. In Equation 9, RL is the dc inductor resistance. Of course, the lowest input voltage to the regulator must not be less than 4.5 V (typical). 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 8 Applications and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI's customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 8.1 Application Information The LM22677 is a step-down dc-to-dc regulator. It is typically used to convert a higher dc voltage to a lower dc voltage with a maximum output current of 5 A. The Detailed Design Procedure can be used to select components for the LM22677. Alternately, the WEBENCH software may be used to generate complete designs. When generating a design, the WEBENCH software utilizes iterative design procedures and accesses comprehensive databases of components. Go to WEBENCH Designer for more details. 8.1.1 Output Voltage Divider Selection For output voltages between about 1.285 V and 5 V, the -ADJ option should be used, with an appropriate voltage divider as shown in Figure 18. Equation 10 can be used to calculate the resistor values of this divider: (10) A good value for RFBB is 1 k. This will help to provide some of the minimum load current requirement and reduce susceptibility to noise pick-up. The top of RFBT should be connected directly to the output capacitor or to the load for remote sensing. If the divider is connected to the load, a local high-frequency bypass should be provided at that location. For output voltages of 5 V, the -5.0 option should be used. In this case no divider is needed and the FB pin is connected to the output. The approximate values of the internal voltage divider are as follows: 7.38 k from the FB pin to the input of the error amplifier and 2.55 k from there to ground. Both the -ADJ and -5.0 options can be used for output voltages greater than 5 V, by using the correct output divider. As mentioned in the Internal Compensation section, the -5.0 option is optimized for output voltages of 5 V. However, for output voltages greater than 5 V, this option may provide better loop bandwidth than the -ADJ option, in some applications. If the -5.0 option is to be used at output voltages greater than 5 V, Equation 11 should be used to determine the resistor values in the output divider. (11) A value of RFBB of about 1 k is a good first choice. Vout RFBT FB RFBB Figure 18. Resistive Feedback Divider A maximum value of 10 k is recommended for the sum of RFBB and RFBT to maintain good output voltage accuracy for the -ADJ option. A maximum of 2 k is recommended for the -5.0 option. For the -5.0 option, the total internal divider resistance is typically 9.93 k. In all cases the output voltage divider should be placed as close as possible to the FB pin of the LM22677, because this is a high impedance input and is susceptible to noise pick-up. Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 15 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com Application Information (continued) 8.1.2 Power Diode A Schottky-type power diode is required for all LM22677 applications. Ultra-fast diodes are not recommended and may result in damage to the IC due to reverse recovery current transients. The near ideal reverse recovery characteristics and low forward voltage drop of Schottky diodes are particularly important for high input voltage and low output voltage applications common to the LM22677. The reverse breakdown rating of the diode should be selected for the maximum VIN, plus some safety margin. A good rule of thumb is to select a diode with a reverse voltage rating of 1.3 times the maximum input voltage. Select a diode with an average current rating at least equal to the maximum load current that will be seen in the application. 8.2 Typical Application Figure 19 shows an example of converting an input voltage range of 5.5 V to 42 V to an output of 3.3 V at 5 A. RFBB 976: VIN 4.5V to 42V FB VIN EN C2 22 PF + C3 10 nF LM22677-ADJ EN C1 6.8 PF C7 6.8 PF RT/SYNC R3 GND RFBT 1.54 k: L1 4.7 PH BOOT SYNC SW VOUT 3.3V D1 60V, 5A C4 180 PF + GND GND Figure 19. Typical Buck Regulator Application 8.2.1 Design Requirements DESIGN PARAMETERS EXAMPLE VALUE Driver Supply Voltage (VIN) 4.5 to 42 V Output Voltage (VOUT) 3.3 V RFBT Calculated based on RFBB and VREF of 1.285 V. RFBB 1 k to 10 k IOUT 5A 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure 8.2.2.1 External Components The following guidelines should be used when designing a step-down (buck) converter with the LM22677. 8.2.2.2 Inductor The inductor value is determined based on the load current, ripple current, and the minimum and maximum input voltages. To keep the application in continuous conduction mode (CCM), the maximum ripple current, IRIPPLE, should be less than twice the minimum load current. The general rule of keeping the inductor current peak-to-peak ripple around 30% of the nominal output current is a good compromise between excessive output voltage ripple and excessive component size and cost. Using this value of ripple current, the value of inductor, L, is calculated using Equation 12. where 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 * * Fsw is the switching frequency. Vin should be taken at its maximum value, for the given application. (12) The formula in Equation 12 provides a guide to select the value of the inductor L; the nearest standard value will then be used in the circuit. Once the inductor is selected, the actual ripple current can be found from Equation 13. (13) Increasing the inductance will generally slow down the transient response but reduce the output voltage ripple. Reducing the inductance will generally improve the transient response but increase the output voltage ripple. The inductor must be rated for the peak current, IPK, in a given application, to prevent saturation. During normal loading conditions, the peak current is equal to the load current plus 1/2 of the inductor ripple current. During an overload condition, as well as during certain load transients, the controller may trip current limit. In this case the peak inductor current is given by ICL, found in the Electrical Characteristics table. Good design practice requires that the inductor rating be adequate for this overload condition. NOTE If the inductor is not rated for the maximum expected current, it can saturate resulting in damage to the LM22677 and/or the power diode. 8.2.2.3 Input Capacitor The input capacitor selection is based on both input voltage ripple and RMS current. Good quality input capacitors are necessary to limit the ripple voltage at the VIN pin while supplying most of the regulator current during switch on-time. Low ESR ceramic capacitors are preferred. Larger values of input capacitance are desirable to reduce voltage ripple and noise on the input supply. This noise may find its way into other circuitry, sharing the same input supply, unless adequate bypassing is provided. A very approximate formula for determining the input voltage ripple is shown in Equation 14. where * Vri is the peak-to-peak ripple voltage at the switching frequency. (14) Another concern is the RMS current passing through this capacitor. Equation 15 gives an approximation to this current. (15) The capacitor must be rated for at least this level of RMS current at the switching frequency. All ceramic capacitors have large voltage coefficients, in addition to normal tolerances and temperature coefficients. To help mitigate these effects, multiple capacitors can be used in parallel to bring the minimum capacitance up to the desired value. This may also help with RMS current constraints by sharing the current among several capacitors. Many times it is desirable to use an electrolytic capacitor on the input, in parallel with the ceramics. The moderate ESR of this capacitor can help to damp any ringing on the input supply caused by long power leads. This method can also help to reduce voltage spikes that may exceed the maximum input voltage rating of the LM22677. It is good practice to include a high frequency bypass capacitor as close as possible to the LM22677. This small case size, low ESR, ceramic capacitor should be connected directly to the VIN and GND pins with the shortest possible PCB traces. Values in the range of 0.47 F to 1 F are appropriate. This capacitor helps to provide a low impedance supply to sensitive internal circuitry. It also helps to suppress any fast noise spikes on the input supply that may lead to increased EMI. Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 17 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com 8.2.2.4 Output Capacitor The output capacitor is responsible for filtering the output voltage and supplying load current during transients. Capacitor selection depends on application conditions as well as ripple and transient requirements. Best performance is achieved with a parallel combination of ceramic capacitors and a low ESR SPTM or POSCAPTM type. Very low ESR capacitors such as ceramics reduce the output ripple and noise spikes, while higher value electrolytics or polymers provide large bulk capacitance to supply transients. Assuming very low ESR, Equation 16 gives an approximation to the output voltage ripple: (16) Typically, a total value of 100 F or greater is recommended for output capacitance. In applications with Vout less than 3.3 V, it is critical that low ESR output capacitors are selected. This will limit potential output voltage overshoots as the input voltage falls below the device normal operating range. If the switching frequency is set higher than 500 kHz, the capacitance value may not be reduced proportionally due to stability requirements. The internal compensation is optimized for circuits with a 500 kHz switching frequency. See the Internal Compensation section for more details. 8.2.2.5 Boot-Strap Capacitor The bootstrap capacitor between the BOOT pin and the SW pin supplies the gate current to turn on the Nchannel MOSFET. The recommended value of this capacitor is 10 nF and should be a good quality, low ESR ceramic capacitor. In some cases it may be desirable to slow down the turn-on of the internal power MOSFET, in order to reduce EMI. This can be done by placing a small resistor in series with the Cboot capacitor. Resistors in the range of 10 to 50 can be used. This technique should only be used when absolutely necessary, because it will increase switching losses and thereby reduce efficiency. 8.2.3 Application Curves Figure 20. Efficiency vs IOUT and VIN, VOUT = 3.3 V 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Figure 21. Switching Frequency vs RT/SYNC Resistor Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 9 Power Supply Recommendations The LM22677 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply range between 4.5 V and 42 V. This input supply should be able to withstand the maximum input current and maintain a voltage above 4.5 V. The resistance of the input supply rail should be low enough that an input current transient does not cause a high enough drop at the LM22677 supply voltage that can cause a false UVLO fault triggering and system reset. If the input supply is located more than a few inches from the LM22677 additional bulk capacitance may be required in addition to the ceramic bypass capacitors. The amount of bulk capacitance is not critical, but a 47 F or 100 F electrolytic capacitor is a typical choice. 10 Layout 10.1 Layout Guidelines Board layout is critical for the proper operation of switching power supplies. First, the ground plane area must be sufficient for thermal dissipation purposes. Second, appropriate guidelines must be followed to reduce the effects of switching noise. Switch mode converters are very fast switching devices. In such cases, the rapid increase of input current combined with the parasitic trace inductance generates unwanted L di/dt noise spikes. The magnitude of this noise tends to increase as the output current increases. This noise may turn into electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can also cause problems in device performance. Therefore, care must be taken in layout to minimize the effect of this switching noise. The most important layout rule is to keep the ac current loops as small as possible. Figure 22 shows the current flow in a buck converter. The top schematic shows a dotted line which represents the current flow during the FET switch on-state. The middle schematic shows the current flow during the FET switch off-state. The bottom schematic shows the currents referred to as ac currents. These ac currents are the most critical because they are changing in a very short time period. The dotted lines of the bottom schematic are the traces to keep as short and wide as possible. This will also yield a small loop area reducing the loop inductance. To avoid functional problems due to layout, review the PCB layout example. Best results are achieved if the placement of the LM22677, the bypass capacitor, the Schottky diode, RFBB, RFBT and the inductor are placed as shown in the example. Note that, in the layout shown, R1 = RFBB and R2 = RFBT. It is also recommended to use 2-oz copper boards or heavier to help thermal dissipation and to reduce the parasitic inductances of board traces. See application note AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER (R) PCB Layout Guidelines (SNVA054) for more information. Figure 22. Current Flow in a Buck Application Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 19 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com 10.2 Layout Example Figure 23. PCB Layout Example 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 www.ti.com SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 10.3 Thermal Considerations The components with the highest power dissipation are the power diode and the power MOSFET internal to the LM22677 regulator. The easiest method to determine the power dissipation within the LM22677 is to measure the total conversion losses then subtract the power losses in the diode and inductor. The total conversion loss is the difference between the input power and the output power. An approximation for the power diode loss is in Equation 17. where * VD is the diode voltage drop. (17) An approximation for the inductor power is shown in Equation 18. where * * RL is the dc resistance of the inductor. The 1.1 factor is an approximation for the ac losses. (18) The regulator has an exposed thermal pad to aid power dissipation. Adding multiple vias under the device to the ground plane will greatly reduce the regulator junction temperature. Selecting a diode with an exposed pad will also aid the power dissipation of the diode. The most significant variables that affect the power dissipation of the regulator are output current, input voltage and operating frequency. The power dissipated while operating near the maximum output current and maximum input voltage can be appreciable. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the LM22677 will vary with the application. The most significant variables are the area of copper in the PC board, the number of vias under the IC exposed pad and the amount of forced air cooling provided. A large continuos ground plane on the top of bottom PCB layer will provide the most effective heat dissipation. The integrity of the solder connection from the IC exposed pad to the PC board is critical. Excessive voids will greatly diminish the thermal dissipation capacity. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the LM22677 NDR package is specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. See AN-2020 Thermal Design By Insight, Not Hindsight (SNVA419) for more information. Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 21 LM22677, LM22677-Q1 SNVS582O - SEPTEMBER 2008 - REVISED AUGUST 2015 www.ti.com 11 Device and Documentation Support 11.1 Documentation Support 11.1.1 Related Documentation * AN-1889 How to Measure the Loop Transfer Function of Power Supplies (SNVA364) * AN-1892 LM22677 Evaluation Board (SNVA366) * AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER (R) PCB Layout Guidelines (SNVA054) * AN-2020 Thermal Design By Insight, Not Hindsight (SNVA419) 11.2 Related Links The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy. Table 1. Related Links PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS TOOLS & SOFTWARE SUPPORT & COMMUNITY LM22677 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here LM22677-Q1 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here 11.3 Trademarks SIMPLE SWITCHER, WEBENCH are registered trademarks of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 11.5 Glossary SLYZ022 -- TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM22677 LM22677-Q1 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 8-Oct-2015 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (C) Device Marking (4/5) LM22677QTJ-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 QTJ-ADJ LM22677QTJE-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 QTJ-5.0 LM22677QTJE-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 QTJ-ADJ LM22677TJ-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 TJ-5.0 LM22677TJ-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 TJ-ADJ LM22677TJE-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 TJ-5.0 LM22677TJE-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-263 NDR 7 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM22677 TJ-ADJ (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 8-Oct-2015 (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LM22677, LM22677-Q1 : * Catalog: LM22677 * Automotive: LM22677-Q1 NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: * Catalog - TI's standard catalog product * Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant LM22677QTJ-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 1000 330.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 LM22677QTJE-5.0/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 178.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 LM22677QTJE-ADJ/NOP B TO-263 NDR 7 250 178.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 LM22677TJ-5.0/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 1000 330.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 LM22677TJ-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 1000 330.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 LM22677TJE-5.0/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 178.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 LM22677TJE-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 178.0 24.4 10.6 15.4 2.45 12.0 24.0 Q2 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM22677QTJ-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 1000 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM22677QTJE-5.0/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 LM22677QTJE-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 LM22677TJ-5.0/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 1000 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM22677TJ-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 1000 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM22677TJE-5.0/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 LM22677TJE-ADJ/NOPB TO-263 NDR 7 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA NDR0007A BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE TOP SIDE OF PACKAGE TJ7A (Rev D) www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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