MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. MIC4416/4417 IttyBittyTM Low-Side MOSFET Driver General Description Features The MIC4416 and MIC4417 IttyBittyTM low-side MOSFET drivers are designed to switch an N-channel enhancementtype MOSFET from a TTL-compatible control signal in lowside switch applications. The MIC4416 is noninverting and the MIC4417 is inverting. These drivers feature short delays and high peak current to produce precise edges and rapid rise and fall times. Their tiny 4-lead SOT-143 package uses minimum space. * +4.5V to +18V operation * Low steady-state supply current 50A typical, control input low 370A typical, control input high * 1.2A nominal peak output 3.5 typical output resistance at 18V supply 7.8 typical output resistance at 5V supply * 25mV maximum output offset from supply or ground * Operates in low-side switch circuits * TTL-compatible input withstands -20V * ESD protection * Inverting and noninverting versions The MIC4416/7 is powered from a +4.5V to +18V supply voltage. The on-state gate drive output voltage is approximately equal to the supply voltage (no internal regulators or clamps). High supply voltages, such as 10V, are appropriate for use with standard N-channel MOSFETs. Low supply voltages, such as 5V, are appropriate for use with logic-level N-channel MOSFETs. Applications * * * * In a low-side configuration, the driver can control a MOSFET that switches any voltage up to the rating of the MOSFET. Battery conservation Solenoid and motion control Lamp control Switch-mode power supplies The MIC4416 is available in the SOT-143 package and is rated for -40C to +85C ambient temperature range. Typical Application Load Voltage * Siliconix 30m, 7A max. Load voltage limited only by MOSFET drain-to-source rating MIC4416 0.1F 3 4 On Off Load +12V 4.7F VS CTL G GND 2 1 Si9410DY* N-channel MOSFET Low-Side Power Switch Micrel, Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com May 2005 1 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Pin Configuration G GND 2 1 Part Identification Dxx 3 4 VS CTL SOT-143 (M4) Part Number Standard Pb-Free Marking Code* Standard Pb-Free Temperature Range Configuration Package MIC4416BM4 MIC4416YM4 D10 D10 -40C to +85C Non-Inverting SOT-143 MIC4417BM4 MIC4417YM4 D11 D11 -40C to +85C Inverting SOT-143 *Under bar symbol (_) may not be to scale. Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1 GND 2 G Gate (Output) : Gate connection to external MOSFET. 3 VS Supply (Input): +4.5V to +18V supply. 4 CTL Control (Input): TTL-compatible on/off control input. MIC4416 only: Logic high forces the gate output to the supply voltage. Logic low forces the gate output to ground. MIC4417 only: Logic high forces the gate output to ground. Logic low forces the gate output to the supply voltage. MIC4416/4417 Pin Function Ground: Power return. 2 May 2005 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Absolute Maximum Ratings Operating Ratings Supply Voltage (VS) .................................................... +20V Control Voltage (VCTL) .................................. -20V to +20V Gate Voltage (VG) ....................................................... +20V Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................................ 150C Lead Temperature, Soldering ................... 260C for 5 sec. Supply Voltage (VS) ....................................... +4.5 to +18V Control Voltage (VCTL) .......................................... 0V to VS Ambient Temperature Range (TA) ............. -40C to +85C Thermal Resistance (JA)...................................... 220C/W (soldered to 0.25in2 copper ground plane) Electrical Characteristics(Note 3) Parameter Condition (Note 1) Min Supply Current 4.5V VS 18V VCTL = 0V VCTL = 5V Control Input Voltage 4.5V VS 18V VCTL for logic 0 input VCTL for logic 1 input Typ Max Units 50 370 200 1500 A A 0.8 V V 10 A 2.4 Control Input Current 0V VCTL VS Delay Time, VCTL Rising VS = 5V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 42 VS = 18V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 33 VS = 5V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 42 VS = 18V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 23 VS = 5V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 24 VS = 18V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 14 VS = 5V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 28 VS = 18V CL = 1000pF, Note 2 16 Gate Output Offset Voltage 4.5V VS 18V VG = high VG = low -25 25 mV mV Output Resistance VS = 5V, IOUT = 10mA P-channel (source) MOSFET N-channel (sink) MOSFET 7.6 7.8 P-channel (source) MOSFET N-channel (sink) MOSFET 3.5 3.5 Delay Time, VCTL Falling Output Rise Time Output Fall Time -10 ns 60 ns ns 40 ns ns 40 ns ns 40 ns VS = 18V, IOUT = 10mA Gate Output Reverse Current No latch up 250 10 10 mA General Note: Devices are ESD protected, however handling precautions are recommended. Note 1: Typical values at TA = 25C. Minimum and maximum values indicate performance at -40C TA +85C. Parts production tested at 25C. Note 2: Refer to "MIC4416 Timing Definitions" and "MIC4417 Timing Definitions" diagrams (see next page). Note 3: Specification for packaged product only. May 2005 3 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Definitions ISUPPLY IOUT MIC4416/7 VSUPPLY 3 MIC4416 = high MIC4417 = low 4 VS CTL G GND 2 ISUPPLY VSUPPLY 3 MIC4416 = low MIC4417 = high 4 VOUT VSUPPLY 1 Source State (P-channel on, N-channel off) IOUT MIC4416/7 VS CTL G GND 2 VOUT GND 1 Sink State (P-channel off, N-channel on) MIC4416/MIC4417 Operating States INPUT 5V 90% 2.5V 10% 0V VS 90% delay time pulse width rise time delay time fall time OUTPUT 10% 0V MIC4416 (Noninverting) Timing Definitions INPUT 5V 90% 2.5V 10% 0V VS 90% delay time pulse width rise time delay time fall time OUTPUT 10% 0V MIC4417 (Inverting) Timing Definitions Test Circuit VSUPPLY MIC4416/7 3 4 VS CTL G GND 2 1 CL VOUT 5V 0V MIC4416/4417 4 May 2005 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Typical Characteristics Note 3 Quiescent Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage 300 200 100 VCTL = 0V 0 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 100kHz 10 10kHz 1 VSUPPLY = 5V 0.1 18 1 10kHz 1 VSUPPLY = 18V 100 Output Rise and Fall Time vs. Load Capacitance Supply Current vs. Frequency 100 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 10 CAPACITANCE (nF) 10 0.1 100 VSUPPLY = 18V 10 10 TIME (s) 5V 10 CAPACITANCE (nF) 100 Output Rise and Fall Time vs. Load Capacitance VSUPPLY = 18V fCTL = 50kHz FALL 10 1 1 VSUPPLY = 5V fCTL = 50kHz 1 RISE TIME (s) 0 1MHz 100kHz 1MHz SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 400 Supply Current vs. Load Capacitance 100 100 VCTL = 5V SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 500 Supply Current vs. Load Capacitance 1 FALL RISE 0.1 2000 1000 100 0.1 10 0.1 0.01 FREQUENCY (kHz) Delay Time vs. Supply Voltage 60 60 1 10 CAPACITANCE (nF) 100 0.01 Delay Time vs. Temperature 60 1 10 CAPACITANCE (nF) 100 Delay Time vs. Temperature VCTL FALL 50 VCTL RISE 30 20 50 VCTL RISE 40 TIME (ns) 40 TIME (ns) TIME (ns) 50 30 20 40 30 20 VCTL FALL VCTL FALL 10 0 10 0 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 10 VSUPPLY = 18V 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) VSUPPLY = 5V 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 18 Rise and Fall Time vs. Supply Voltage 50 50 Rise and Fall Time vs. Temperature 50 fCTL = 1MHz 30 FALL 10 RISE 0 May 2005 0 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 30 40 FALL RISE 20 VSUPPLY = 5V fCTL = 1MHz 10 18 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 5 TIME (ns) 40 TIME (ns) TIME (ns) 40 20 VCTL RISE Rise and Fall Time vs. Temperature VSUPPLY = 18V fCTL = 1MHz 30 20 10 FALL RISE 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 Output Voltage Drop vs. Output Source Current 1200 600 400 18V 200 400 0 ON RESISTANCE () 4 IOUT = 10mA 2 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) VSUPPLY = 5V IOUT 3mA 10 8 6 4 VSUPPLY = 18V IOUT 3mA 2 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) CL = 10,000pF 5,000pF 2,000pF 1,000pF 1 0pF 0.1 1x102 1x103 1x104 1x105 1x106 1x107 FREQUENCY (Hz) MIC4416/4417 0 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 4 VSUPPLY = 18V IOUT 3mA Sink NOTE 7 0 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 18 Note 3: Typical Characteristics at TA = 25C, VS = 5V, CL = 1000pF unless noted. Note 4: Source-to-drain voltage drop across the internal P-channel MOSFET = VS - VG. Note 5: Drain-to-source voltage drop across the internal N-channel MOSFET = VG - VGND. (Voltage applied to G.) Note 6: 1s pulse test, 50% duty cycle. OUT connected to GND. OUT sources current. (MIC4416, VCTL = 5V; MIC4417, VCTL = 0V) Note 7: 1s pulse test, 50% duty cycle. VS connected to OUT. OUT sinks current. (MIC4416, VCTL = 0V; MIC4417, VCTL = 5V) 2,000pF 0pF 6 1.0 0 5,000pF 0.1 1x102 1x103 1x104 1x105 1x106 1x107 FREQUENCY (Hz) Source NOTE 6 1.5 0.5 VSUPPLY = 18V 1,000pF Peak Output Current vs. Supply Voltage 2.0 6 1 200 2.5 8 10 5V 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) VSUPPLY = 5V IOUT 3mA CL = 10,000pF 18 VSUPPLY = 18V 400 18 Supply Current vs. Frequency 3 6 9 12 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Control Input Hysteresis vs. Temperature 600 Output Sink Resistance vs. Temperature 2 0 800 IOUT = 10mA 100 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) VSUPPLY = 5V 10 Output Sink Resistance 2 10 200 0 4 12 300 20 40 60 80 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (C) Supply Current vs. Frequency 100 0 6 14 400 100 8 0 18 Output Source Resistance vs. Temperature 12 18V 200 ON-RESISTANCE () ON RESISTANCE () ON-RESISTANCE () 600 10 6 14 VSUPPLY = 5V 20 40 60 80 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 8 0 500 800 Output Source Resistance 10 0 1000 HYSTERESIS (mV) VSUPPLY = 5V 0 600 HYSTERESIS (mV) VOLTAGE DROP (mV) 800 0 Control Input Hysteresis vs. Supply Voltage NOTE 5 NOTE 4 1000 Output Voltage Drop vs. Output Sink Current CURRENT (A) 1200 VOLTAGE DROP (mV) Micrel, Inc. May 2005 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Functional Diagram VSUPPLY VSWITCHED VS D1 MIC4417 INVERTING CTL Logic-Level Input Q2 D4 Load 0.6mA 0.3mA Q3 R1 2k G Q1 D2 D3 35V D5 MIC4416 NONINVERTING Q4 GND Functional Diagram with External Components Functional Description Refer to the functional diagram. Q2 turns off after the first inverter output goes high. This reduces the current through Q1 to 0.3mA. The lower current reduces the drain-to-source voltage drop across Q1. A slightly lower control voltage will pull the input of the first inverter up to its threshold. The MIC4416 is a noninverting driver. A logic high on the CTL (control) input produces gate drive output. The MIC4417 is an inverting driver. A logic low on the CTL (control) input produces gate drive output. The G (gate) output is used to turn on an external N-channel MOSFET. Drivers Supply The second (optional) inverter permits the driver to be manufactured in inverting and noninverting versions. The last inverter functions as a driver for the output MOSFETs Q3 and Q4. VS (supply) is rated for +4.5V to +18V. External capacitors are recommended to decouple noise. Control CTL (control) is a TTL-compatible input. CTL must be forced high or low by an external signal. A floating input will cause unpredictable operation. Gate Output G (gate) is designed to drive a capacitive load. VG (gate output voltage) is either approximately the supply voltage or approximately ground, depending on the logic state applied to CTL. A high input turns on Q1, which sinks the output of the 0.3mA and the 0.6mA current source, forcing the input of the first inverter low. If CTL is high, and VS (supply) drops to zero, the gate output will be floating (unpredictable). Hysteresis ESD Protection The control threshold voltage, when CTL is rising, is slightly higher than the control threshold voltage when CTL is falling. D1 protects VS from negative ESD voltages. D2 and D3 clamp positive and negative ESD voltages applied to CTL. R1 isolates the gate of Q1 from sudden changes on the CTL input. D4 and D5 prevent Q1's gate voltage from exceeding the supply voltage or going below ground. When CTL is low, Q2 is on, which applies the additional 0.6mA current source to Q1. Forcing CTL high turns on Q1 which must sink 0.9mA from the two current sources. The higher current through Q1 causes a larger drain-to-source voltage drop across Q1. A slightly higher control voltage is required to pull the input of the first inverter down to its threshold. May 2005 7 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. +15V Application Information * Gate enhancement voltage The MIC4416/7 is designed to provide high peak current for charging and discharging capacitive loads. The 1.2A peak value is a nominal value determined under specific conditions. This nominal value is used to compare its relative size to other low-side MOSFET drivers. The MIC4416/7 is not designed to directly switch 1.2A continuous loads. MIC4416 0.1F 3 4 Logic Input Supply Bypass VS CTL Standard MOSFET IRFZ24 2 G 1 GND VGS* International Rectifier 100m, 60V MOSFET Capacitors from VS to GND are recommended to control switching and supply transients. Load current and supply lead length are some of the factors that affect capacitor size requirements. Figure 1. Using a Standard MOSFET Logic-Level MOSFET A 4.7F or 10F tantalum capacitor is suitable for many applications. Low-ESR (equivalent series resistance) metalized film capacitors may also be suitable. An additional 0.1F ceramic capacitor is suggested in parallel with the larger capacitor to control high-frequency transients. Logic-level N-channel power MOSFETs are fully enhanced with a gate-to-source voltage of approximately 5V and have an absolute maximum gate-to-source voltage of 10V. They are less common and generally more expensive. The MIC4416/7 can drive a logic-level MOSFET if the supply voltage, including transients, does not exceed the maximum MOSFET gate-to-source rating (10V). The low ESR (equivalent series resistance) of tantalum capacitors makes them especially effective, but also makes them susceptible to uncontrolled inrush current from low impedance voltage sources (such as NiCd batteries or automatic test equipment). Avoid instantaneously applying voltage, capable of very high peak current, directly to or near tantalum capacitors without additional current limiting. Normal power supply turn-on (slow rise time) or printed circuit trace resistance is usually adequate for normal product usage. +5V * Gate enhancement voltage (must not exceed 10V) Load +4.5V to 10V* 4.7F MIC4416 0.1F 3 4 Logic Input Circuit Layout Avoid long power supply and ground traces. They exhibit inductance that can cause voltage transients (inductive kick). Even with resistive loads, inductive transients can sometimes exceed the ratings of the MOSFET and the driver. VS CTL Logic-Level MOSFET IRLZ44 2 G 1 GND Try a 3, 10W or 100, 1/4W resistor VGS* International Rectifier 28m, 60V MOSFET Figure 2. Using a Logic-Level MOSFET When a load is switched off, supply lead inductance forces current to continue flowing--resulting in a positive voltage spike. Inductance in the ground (return) lead to the supply has similar effects, except the voltage spike is negative. At low voltages, the MIC4416/7's internal P- and N-channel MOSFET's on-resistance will increase and slow the output rise time. Refer to "Typical Characteristics" graphs. Inductive Loads Switching transitions momentarily draw current from VS to GND. This combines with supply lead inductance to create voltage transients at turn on and turnoff. VSWITCHED VSUPPLY Transients can also result in slower apparent rise or fall times when driver's ground shifts with respect to the control input. Schottky Diode 4.7F Minimize the length of supply and ground traces or use ground and power planes when possible. Bypass capacitors should be placed as close as practical to the driver. MOSFET Selection MIC4416 0.1F 3 4 On Off Standard MOSFET VS CTL G GND 2 1 Figure 3. Switching an Inductive Load A standard N-channel power MOSFET is fully enhanced with a gate-to-source voltage of approximately 10V and has an absolute maximum gate-to-source voltage of 20V. Switching off an inductive load in a low-side application forces the MOSFET drain higher than the supply voltage (as the inductor resists changes to current). To prevent exceeding the MOSFET's drain-to-gate and drain-to-source ratings, a Schottky diode should be connected across the inductive load. The MIC4416/7's on-state output is approximately equal to the supply voltage. The lowest usable voltage depends upon the behavior of the MOSFET. MIC4416/4417 Try a 15, 15W or 1k, 1/4W resistor Load +8V to +18V 4.7F 8 May 2005 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Power Dissipation High-Frequency Operation The maximum power dissipation must not be exceeded to prevent die meltdown or deterioration. Although the MIC4416/7 driver will operate at frequencies greater than 1MHz, the MOSFET's capacitance and the load will affect the output waveform (at the MOSFET's drain). Power dissipation in on/off switch applications is negligible. For example, an MIC4416/IRL3103 test circuit using a 47 5W load resistor will produce an output waveform that closely matches the input signal shape up to about 500kHz. The same test circuit with a 1k load resistor operates only up to about 25kHz before the MOSFET source waveform shows significant change. Fast repetitive switching applications, such as SMPS (switchmode power supplies), cause a significant increase in power dissipation with frequency. Power is dissipated each time current passes through the internal output MOSFETs when charging or discharging the external MOSFET. Power is also dissipated during each transition when some current momentarily passes from VS to GND through both internal MOSFETs. Power dissipation is the product of supply voltage and supply current: 4.7F MIC4416 0.1F 3 PD = power dissipation (W) Logic Input VS = supply voltage (V) IS = supply current (A) [see paragraph below] 4 VS CTL D G GND 2 1 G S Logic-Level MOSFET IRL3103* * International Rectifier 14m, 30V MOSFET, logic-level, VGS = 20V max. Supply current is a function of supply voltage, switching frequency, and load capacitance. Determine this value from the "Typical Characteristics: Supply Current vs. Frequency" graph or measure it in the actual application. Figure 5. MOSFET Capacitance Effects at High Switching Frequency When the MOSFET is driven off, the slower rise occurs because the MOSFET's output capacitance recharges through the load resistance (RC circuit). A lower load resistance allows the output to rise faster. For the fastest driver operation, choose the smallest power MOSFET that will safely handle the desired voltage, current, and safety margin. The smallest MOSFETs generally have the lowest capacitance. Do not allow PD to exceed PD (max), below. TJ (junction temperature) is the sum of TA (ambient temperature) and the temperature rise across the thermal resistance of the package. In another form: PD Compare 47k, 5W to 1k, 1/4W loads +4.5V to 18V 1) PD = VS x IS where: 2) +5V Slower rise time observed at MOSFET's drain 150 - TA 220 where: PD (max) = maximum power dissipation (W) 150 = absolute maximum junction temperature (C) TA = ambient temperature (C) [68F = 20C] 220 = package thermal resistance (C/W) Maximum power dissipation at 20C with the driver soldered to a 0.25in2 ground plane is approximately 600mW. G PCB heat sink/ ground plane GND VS CTL PCB traces Figure 4. Heat-Sink Plane The SOT-143 package JA (junction-to-ambient thermal resistance) can be improved by using a heat sink larger than the specified 0.25in2 ground plane. Significant heat transfer occurs through the large (GND) lead. This lead is an extension of the paddle to which the die is attached. May 2005 9 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 Micrel, Inc. Package Information 0.950 (0.0374) TYP 1.40 (0.055) 2.50 (0.098) 1.20 (0.047) 2.10 (0.083) CL CL DIMENSIONS: MM (INCH) 1.12 (0.044) 0.81 (0.032) 3.05 (0.120) 2.67 (0.105) 0.800 (0.031) TYP 0.400 (0.016) TYP 3 PLACES 0.150 (0.0059) 0.089 (0.0035) 8 0 0.10 (0.004) 0.013 (0.0005) 0.41 (0.016) 0.13 (0.005) 4-Pin SOT-143 (M4) MICREL INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com This information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2001 Micrel Incorporated MIC4416/4417 10 May 2005