MJE13005
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6
SAFE OPERATING AREA INFORMATION
The Safe Operating Area Figures 11 and 12 are specified ratings for these devices under the test conditions shown.
IC(pk), COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)
IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMP)
5 ms 500 µs
1 ms
dc
10
7
VCE, COLLECTOR-EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
0.02
10
400
2
1
5
0.5
0.1
0.05
30 50 70 100
Figure 11. Forward Bias Safe Operating Area Figure 12. Reverse Bias Switching Safe Operating Area
0.2
0.01
300 500
MJE13005
520
4
0
800
1
100 300
TC ≤ 100°C
IB1 = 2.0 A
500 700
VBE(off) = 9 V
0
2
VCE, COLLECTOR-EMITTER CLAMP VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
3
200 400 600
5 V
MJE13005
3 V
200
1.5 V
FORWARD BIAS
There are two limitations on the power handling ability of
a transistor: average junction temperature and second
breakdown. Safe operating area curves indicate IC – VCE
limits of the transistor that must be observed for reliable
operation; i.e., the transistor must not be subjected to greater
dissipation than the curves indicate.
The data of Figure 11 is based on TC = 25C; TJ(pk) is
variable depending on power level. Second breakdown
pulse limits are valid for duty cycles to 10% but must be
derated when TC ≥ 25C. Second breakdown limitations do
not derate the same as thermal limitations. Allowable
current at the voltages shown on Figure 11 may be found at
any case temperature by using the appropriate curve on
Figure 13.
TJ(pk) may be calculated from the data in Figure 10. At
high case temperatures, thermal limitations will reduce the
power that can be handled to values less than the limitations
imposed by second breakdown.
REVERSE BIAS
For inductive loads, high voltage and high current must be
sustained simultaneously during turn–off, in most cases,
with the base to emitter junction reverse biased. Under these
conditions the collector voltage must be held to a safe level
at or below a specific value of collector current. This can be
accomplished b y several means such as active clamping, RC
snubbing, load line shaping, etc. The safe level for these
devices is specified as Reverse Bias Safe Operating Area
and represents the voltage–current conditions during
reverse biased turn–off. This rating is verified under
clamped conditions so that the device is never subjected to
an avalanche mode. Figure 12 gives the complete RBSOA
characteristics.
Figure 13. Forward Bias Power Derating
TC, CASE TEMPERATURE (°C)
040 120 160
0.6
POWER DERATING FACTOR
SECOND BREAKDOWN
DERATING
1
0.8
0.4
0.2
60 100 14080
THERMAL
DERATING
20