19-5322; Rev 0; 6/10 TION KIT EVALUA BLE IL AVA A AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier The MAX2180 is a highly integrated AM/FM variable-gain low-noise amplifier ideal for use in automotive active antenna applications. The device features separate AM and FM signal paths, each providing 30dB of gain range, controlled by individual on-chip power detectors. The AM signal path covers a 148kHz to 30MHz input frequency range, while the FM signal path covers 65MHz to 162.5MHz. The device integrates a voltage regulator and pass transistor, allowing operation using battery voltages in the +8V to +24V range. On-chip thermal protection automatically limits junction temperatures during extreme thermal conditions. The device is available in a small, 4mm x 4mm, TQFN package and operates over the extended industrial temperature range (-40NC to +85NC). Applications Features S +8V to +24V Supply Voltage Range S Integrated AGC Function Eliminates External Pin Diodes S High Dynamic Range S Low-Noise Design S Low External BOM S Integrated Thermal Protection S Small Package (4mm x 4mm TQFN) Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX2180ETG+ -40NC to +85NC 24 TQFN-EP* +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/ROHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad. Automotive Active Antenna Simplified Block Diagram FM VLDO DET VLDO AM VREG VANT AM/FM OUTPUT VLDO DET MAX2180 ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX2180 General Description MAX2180 AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VBATT.....................................................................-0.5V to +26V LDO..........................................................................-0.5V to +6V FMOUT, AMOUT....................................................-0.5V to VLDO Short-Circuit Protection FMOUT, AMOUT..................... Indefinite FMIN, AMIN........................................................................ 12VPP Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) (derate 27.8mW/NC above +70NC).............................2220mW BJC (Junction to Case) (Note 1).........................................2NC/W BJA (Junction to Ambient) (Note 1)..................................36NC/W Operating Temperature Range........................... -40NC to +85NC Junction Temperature......................................................+150NC Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +165NC Lead Temperature (TQFN only, soldering, 10s)..............+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC Note 1: P ackage thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. CAUTION! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX2180 Evaluation Kit as shown, VBATT = 8V to 15V, TA = -40NC to +85NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VBATT = 10V, TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX Operational range 8 10 15 Functional range (Note 3) 15 UNITS SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VBATT) VBATT Voltage Regulation VLDO (pin 15) Supply Current Normal operation (VANTSENSE = 0V or 6V < VANTSENSE < 12V) 24 5.25 Antenna fault, ANTSENSE open 78 10 V V 95 mA 30 GAIN CONTROL AND AGC CONTROL (AM_GAIN, AM_DET, FM_DET, FM_GAIN, ANT_SENSE) Ground ANTSENSE -50 Open FA 2.5 LDO Ground FMDET -50 LDO 50 Ground Digital Control V 50 -50 Open FA FA FA 2.5 LDO V 50 FA AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX2180 Evaluation Kit, TA = -40NC to +85NC, VBATT = 8V to 15V, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VBATT = 10V, TA = +25NC, load impedance = 50I, AM channel bandwidth = 9kHz, RAM = 10I (AM gain = 6dB), FM low-gain configuration, FM gain = 6dB.) (Note 2) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 30 MHz AM AMPLIFIER Frequency Range 0.148 Voltage Gain Maximum RAM = short, fIN = 1MHz 5 6.5 8 dB Voltage Gain Minimum RAM = 330I, fIN = 1MHz -2.8 -1.3 +0.2 dB Input Capacitance fIN = 1MHz Output Impedance fIN = 1MHz 2 12.5 pF 17 I AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier (MAX2180 Evaluation Kit, TA = -40NC to +85NC, VBATT = 8V to 15V, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VBATT = 10V, TA = +25NC, load impedance = 50I, AM channel bandwidth = 9kHz, RAM = 10I (AM gain = 6dB), FM low-gain configuration, FM gain = 6dB.) (Note 2) PARAMETER Gain Response (Relative to 1MHz) Gain Control Range Output Noise IMD2 IMD3 AGC Threshold AGC Threshold Variation FM AMPLIFIER Frequency Range Power Gain Maximum Power Gain Minimum Gain Flatness Noise Figure Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Gain Control Range IMD2 (FM to AM) IMD3 CONDITIONS 0.148MHz to 0.285MHz (Note 4) 0.520MHz to 1.710MHz (Note 4) 5.9MHz to 20MHz (Note 4) 20MHz to 30MHz At 1MHz 0.148MHz to 0.285MHz 0.520MHz to 1.710MHz 5.90MHz to 30MHz VIN = +120dBFV/tone, +86dBFV AGC threshold, 0.4MHz and 0.5MHz tones VIN = +120dBFV/tone, +86dBFV AGC threshold, 0.4MHz and 0.5MHz tones Output level, fIN = 1MHz, AMDET connected to ground MIN -1 -1 -2.7 -4 35 TYP MAX +1 +1 +1 +1 40 -5 -8 -8 UNITS dB dB dBFV -70 dB -66 dB 79 Output level, fIN = 1MHz, AMDET open 83 dBFV Output level, fIN = 1MHz, AMDET connected to LDO Relative to 1MHz tone (148kHz < fIN < 1710kHz) 86 2.2 dB fIN = 97MHz, FMGAIN connected to LDO fIN = 97MHz, FMGAIN connected to LDO, FM high-gain configuration (Note 5) fIN = 97MHz, FMGAIN = short 76MHz to 90MHz (Note 4) 87MHz to 108MHz (Note 4) 162.5MHz relative to 97MHz fIN = 97MHz, TA = +25NC (Note 5) 50I source 50I load fIN = 97MHz Output tones of 107MHz and 108MHz, +100dBFV AGC threshold (A - B) VIN = +120dBFV/tone, +100dBFV AGC threshold, 107MHz and 108MHz tones VIN = +120dBFV/tone, +100dBFV AGC threshold, 107MHz and 108MHz tones, FM high-gain configuration (Note 5) 76 6.5 8.5 162.5 10 dB 10.5 4.0 26 5.8 MHz 7.6 0.5 0.5 2.5 dB dB 3.7 12 12 29 dB dB dB dB 26 dBFV 66 dB 63 Minimum output threshold 90 dBFV Maximum output threshold 104 AGC Threshold Variation Relative to 97MHz tone (76MHz to 108MHz) 1 dB Note 2: Min and max values are production tested at TA = +25NC and +85NC. Min and Max limits at TA = -40NC are guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 3: Device automatically reduces current to limit die temperature within a safe range, but otherwise remains functional. Note 4: Guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 5: FM high-gain configuration. See the MAX2180 Evalutation Kit schematic. AGC Threshold 3 MAX2180 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX2180 Evaluation Kit, low-gain configuration, VBATT = 10V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) VLDO vs. VBATT IBATT vs. VBATT 70 TA = +85C TA = +25C 40 TA = +105C TA = +85C TA = -40C TA = -40C 50 5.2 VLDO (V) 60 MAX2180 toc02 80 IBATT (mA) 5.3 MAX2180 toc01 90 TA = +105C 30 5.1 5.0 TA = +25C 20 4.9 10 0 7 9 4.8 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 VBATT (V) 5 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 VBATT (V) AM GAIN vs. FREQUENCY VLDO vs. VBATT 7 MAX2180 toc03 6 5 TA = -40C 6 5 3 AM GAIN (dB) 4 TA = +105C TA = +85C 2 TA = +25C TA = +85C 3 TA = +105C 2 TA = +25C 1 TA = 0C 4 1 TA = -40C 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.01 14 0.1 AM GAIN vs. RAM 10 100 FM GAIN vs. FREQUENCY 8 MAX2180 toc05 8 7 6 TA = -40C 7 6 FM GAIN (dB) 5 4 3 2 TA = +85C 5 4 TA = +25C TA = 0C TA = +105C 3 2 1 1 0 -1 0 0 50 100 150 RAM (I) 4 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) VBATT (V) MAX1960 toc06 VLDO (V) 7 MAX2180 toc04 5 AM GAIN (dB) MAX2180 AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier 200 250 0 50 100 150 FREQUENCY (MHz) 200 250 AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier AM OUTPUT POWER AND IM3 vs. INPUT POWER FM GAIN vs. FREQUENCY VFMGAIN = 5V 7 VFMGAIN = HIGH-Z 6 5 VFMGAIN = 0V 4 80 3 OUTPUT POWER 70 60 INPUT TONES AT 400kHz AND 500kHz 50 40 IM3 30 20 10 2 0 50 100 150 200 0 250 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 FREQUENCY (MHz) INPUT POWER PER TONE (dBV) AM OUTPUT POWER AND IM2 vs. INPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER 60 INPUT TONES AT 400kHz AND 500kHz 40 30 IM2 (A + B) 20 10 0 4 2 1 IM2 (A - B) 0 50 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 110 130 150 170 FM OUTPUT POWER AND IM3 vs. INPUT POWER FM OUTPUT POWER AND IM2 vs. INPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER INPUT TONES AT 107MHz AND 108MHz IM3 40 20 120 OUTPUT POWER AND IM2 (dBV) MAX2180 toc11 OUTPUT POWER AND IM3 (dBV) 90 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 60 70 INPUT POWER PER TONE (dBV) 120 80 HIGH-GAIN CONFIGURATION 3 100 OUTPUT POWER 80 60 190 MAX2180 toc12 50 LOW-GAIN CONFIGURATION 5 NOISE FIGURE (dB) OUTPUT POWER AND IM2 (dBV) 80 70 FM NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY 6 MAX2180 toc09 90 MAX2180 toc10 FM GAIN (dB) 8 MAX2180 toc08 9 90 OUTPUT POWER AND IM3 (dBV) MAX1960 toc07 10 INPUT TONES AT 107MHz AND 108MHz 40 20 IM2 (A - B) 0 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 INPUT POWER PER TONE (dBV) 0 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 INPUT POWER PER TONE (dBV) 5 MAX2180 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (MAX2180 Evaluation Kit, low-gain configuration, VBATT = 10V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier AMDET AMOUT LDO FMOUT FMFB TOP VIEW RBIAS MAX2180 Pin Configuration 18 17 16 15 14 13 VBATT 19 12 FMDET NC3 20 11 FMAGC 10 FMGAIN 9 FMBYP2 8 N.C. 7 FMBYP1 NC4 21 MAX2180 NC5 22 NC6 23 EP + 1 2 3 4 5 6 AMGAIN AMAGC AMIN AMBYP FMIN ANTSENSE AMCMP 24 TQFN (4mm x 4mm) Pin Description PIN 6 NAME DESCRIPTION 1 AMGAIN AM Gain Adjust. Per Table 1, place resistor to ground for desired voltage gain. See the Detailed Description section. 2 AMAGC AM AGC AC Ground. Connect a 0.1FF capacitor to ground. 3 AMIN 4 AMBYP 5 FMIN 6 ANTSENSE 7 FMBYP1 8 N.C. 9 FMBYP2 FM AC Ground. Connect a 100pF capacitor to ground. 10 FMGAIN FM Gain Adjust. Connect to ground, leave open, or connect to LDO for the desired FM gain. See the Detailed Description section. 11 FMAGC FM AGC AC Ground. Connect a 0.1FF capacitor to ground. 12 FMDET FM Attack Point Adjust. Connect the desired resistor to ground. See the Detailed Description section. 13 FMFB FM Feedback. Connect through resistor RFM and a 2200pF capacitor to FMOUT. See the MAX2180 Evalutation Kit schematic. 14 FMOUT 15 LDO 16 AMOUT AM Output 17 AMDET AM Attack Point Adjust. Connect to ground, leave open, or connect to LDO for the desired AM attack point. See the Detailed Description section. AM Input. AC-couple to AM input lowpass filter. AM AC Ground. Connect a 0.1FF capacitor to ground. FM Input. AC-couple to FM input bandpass filter. Connect to Antenna Input Connector Center Conductor Through a 100kI Resistor. See the Detailed Description section. FM AC Ground. Connect a 100pF capacitor to ground. No Connection to Die FM Output DC Regulator Output. Connect a 10FF and 1000pF capacitor to ground. AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 18 RBIAS Connect a 1% Tolerance 20kI Resistor to Ground 19 VBATT Battery Supply 20, 21, 22, 23 NC3, NC4, NC5, NC6 24 AMCMP -- EP No Connection to Die. Use as a thermal path on layer 1 of PCB from exposed pad to thermal sink. AM Compensation. Leave open for RAM < 68I and short for RAM R 68I. See the Detailed Description section. Exposed Pad. Ground. Detailed Description Setting Signal Path Gain and AGC Attack Point The MAX2180 allows independent variation of the gain and AGC attack points on the AM and FM signal paths. Gain and attack point are adjusted by changing the conditions on the AMGAIN, AMDET, FMGAIN, and FMDET pins. AM Signal Path The gain of the AM signal path is adjusted by changing the resistor RAM, which is connected to AMGAIN through a 0.1FF capacitor. Table 1 shows the gain associated with several resistor values. The output attack point of the AM signal path can be set to one of three values depending on the state of the AMDET pin, as shown in Table 2. Table 1. AM Signal Path Gain Note: For values of RAM R 68I, pin AMCMP must be shorted to ground. For values of RAM < 68I, leave AMCMP open. FM Signal Path The FM signal path can be configured for either highgain or low-gain operation. In the high-gain configuration, typical FM gain is 10.5dB. In the low-gain configuration, typical FM gain can be set using the FMGAIN pin as shown in Table 3. Component values for high-gain and low-gain configurations are shown in Table 5. The output attack point of the FM signal path is adjusted by changing the resistor RFMDET, connected to the FMDET pin. Table 4 shows the attack point associated with several resistor values. Table 3. FM Signal Path Gain PIN FMGAIN FM GAIN (dB, TYP) AM GAIN (dB, TYP) Ground 8.5 6.5 Open 7.1 22 5 VLDO 5.8 RAM (I) 0 68 2.5 180 0.5 330 -1 Table 2. AM Signal Path Attack Point Table 4. FM Signal Path Attack Point RFMDET (kI) FM OUTPUT ATTACK POINT (dBV, TYP) 0 104 100 PIN AMDET AM OUTPUT ATTACK POINT (dBV, TYP) 10 18 96 Ground 79 27 95 83 39 94 86 47 93 56 92 68 90 Open VLDO 7 MAX2180 Pin Description (continued) MAX2180 AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier Antenna Sensing In some applications, a bias voltage might be present on the car antenna or the car antenna might be DC shorted to ground in normal operation. In these situations, the device can sense an antenna fault condition and report this by setting the VBATT current. Connecting the ANTSENSE pin to the car antenna through a 100kI resistor enables this function. If a DC bias of 6V to 12V is present on the antenna, the device operates normally. If the antenna is DC shorted to ground, the device also operates normally. However, if the antenna is a DC open circuit, the device VBATT current drops to a value between 10mA to 30mA. This provides a method for the car audio system to detect an antenna fault. If this function is not required, the ANTSENSE pin should be connected to ground. Layout Recommendations For best performance, the device must be mounted on a PCB which is designed for a low thermal resistance. A thermal ground must be placed near the device. This Table 5. FM Signal Path Component Values 8 COMPONENT HIGH-GAIN CONFIGURATION LOW-GAIN CONFIGURATION C1 82pF 1000pF C2 1000pF Open C3 33pF 1000pF R1 200I Open RFM 390I Short L1 100nH Open L2 150nH 2200nH can consist of a mounting screw to a large thermal mass, ideally placed no more than 5mm from the package. The backside ground of the MAX2180 must be connected to a thermal ground plane on the PCB using at least nine plated through holes. Finally, a wide trace on the PCB top metal from the paddle area, connecting pins 20-23, and proceeding to the mounting hole further improves thermal performance. The MAX2180 is equipped with thermal-protection circuitry that maintains junction temperature at safe levels when the device is operated outside its specified operating range. For ambient temperatures up to +85NC and VBATT up to +15V, the thermal protection does not engage. Refer to www.maxim-ic.com for the MAX2180 Evaluation Kit schematic, Gerber data, PADS layout file, and BOM information. Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 24 TQFN T2444+3 21-0139 90-0068 AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier FM OUTPUT J2 VLDO 10F 1000pF R1 C3 AM OUTPUT 0.1F J4 VLDO L2 RFM JP3 VBATT NC3 NC4 17 16 2200pF FMFB FMOUT LDO AMDET 18 VBATT AMOUT RBIAS RBIAS 14 15 13 19 12 20 11 21 10 FMDET FMAGC 8 24 7 2 4 3 0.1F 5 0.1F 0.1F JP3 VLDO 100pF N.C. FMBYP1 100pF EP 6 ANTSENSE 1 0.1F FMBYP2 EP + FMIN AMCMP 23 AMBYP JP1 9 AMAGC NC6 22 AMGAIN NC5 RFMDET FMGAIN MAX2180 AMIN VLDO JP2 RAM 56pF 51 C1 J3 J1 L1 C2 9 MAX2180 MAX2180 Evaluation Kit MAX2180 AM/FM Car Antenna Low-Noise Amplifier Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 6/10 DESCRIPTION Initial release PAGES CHANGED -- Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. 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