MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO General Description Benefits and Features The MAX2870 is an ultra-wideband phase-locked loop (PLL) with integrated voltage control oscillators (VCOs) capable of operating in both integer-N and fractional-N modes. When combined with an external reference oscillator and loop filter, the MAX2870 is a high-performance frequency synthesizer capable of synthesizing frequencies from 23.5MHz to 6.0GHz while maintaining superior phase noise and spurious performance. The ultra-wide frequency range is achieved with the help of multiple integrated VCOs covering 3000MHz to 6000MHz, and output dividers ranging from 1 to 128. The device also provides dual differential output drivers, which can be independently programmable to deliver -4dBm to +5dBm output power. Both outputs can be muted by either software or hardware control. The MAX2870 is controlled by a 4-wire serial interface and is compatible with 1.8V control logic. The device is available in a lead-free, RoHS-compliant, 5mm x 5mm, 32-pin TQFN package, and operates over an extended -40NC to +85NC temperature range. U Integer and Fractional-N Modes U Manual or Automatic VCO Selection U 3000MHz to 6000MHz Fundamental VCO U Output Binary Buffers/Dividers for Extended Frequency Range * 1/2/4/8/16/32/64/128 * 23.5MHz to 6000MHz U High-Performance PFD * 105MHz in Integer-N Mode * 50MHz in Fractional-N Mode U Reference Frequency Up to 200MHz U Operates from +3.0V to +3.6V Supply U Dual Programmable Outputs * -4dBm to +5dBm U Analog and Digital Lock Detect Indicators U Hardware and Software Shutdown Control U Compatible with 1.8V Control Logic Applications Wireless Infrastructure Test and Measurement Satellite Communications Wireless LANs/CATV PMAR /LMAR/Public Safety Radio Clock Generation Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. Typical Application Circuit appears at end of data sheet. Functional Diagram MUX_OUT MUX MAX2870 LD LOCK DETECT REF_IN X2 MUX R COUNTER MUX DIVIDE-BY-2 CHARGE PUMP CP_OUT CP_GND CLK TUNE SPI AND REGISTERS DATA LE VCO INTEGER FRAC MODULUS DIV-BY1/2/4/8/16 RFOUTA_P DIV-BY1/2/4/8 RFOUTA_N RFOUT_EN MAIN MODULATOR RFOUTB_P MUX N COUNTER MUX 19-6250; Rev 6; 4/17 RFOUTB_N MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Absolute Maximum Ratings VCC_to GND_........................................................-0.3V to +3.9V All Other Pins to GND_............................... -0.3V to VCC_ + 0.3V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) TQFN-EP Multilayer Board (derate 34.5mW/NC above +70NC)..........................2758.6mW Junction Temperature......................................................+150NC Operating Temperature Range........................... -40NC to +85NC Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +150NC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s)............................... +300NC Soldering temperature (reflow)........................................+260NC Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Package Thermal Characteristics (Note 1) TQFN Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (BJA)...........29NC/W Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (BJC)...................1.7NC/W Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial. DC Electrical Characteristics (Measured using MAX2870 EV Kit. VCC_ = 3V to 3.6V, VGND_ = 0V, fREF_IN = 50MHz, fPFD = 25MHz, TA = -40NC to +85NC. Typical values measured at VCC_ = 3.3V; TA = +25NC; register settings (Reg 0:5) 00780000,20000141,01005E42,00000013,610F42 3C,01400005; unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER CONDITIONS Supply Voltage RFOUT_ Current Consumption Supply Current MIN TYP MAX UNITS 3 3.3 3.6 V IRFOUT_, minimum output power, single channel 8.5 IRFOUT_, maximum output power, single channel 25 29 Total, including RFOUT, both channel (Note 3) 144 180 Each output divide-by-2 10 15 ICCVCO + ICCRF (Note 3) Low-power sleep mode 75 95 Both channels enabled, maximum output power mA mA 1 AC Electrical Characteristics (Measured using MAX2870 EV Kit. VCC_ = 3V to 3.6V, VGND_ = 0V, fREF_IN = 50MHz, fPFD = 25MHz, fRFOUT_ = 6000MHz, TA = -40NC to +85NC. Typical values measured at VCC_ = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, register settings (Reg 0:5) 00780000,20000141,01005E42 ,00000013,610F423C,01400005; unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 200 MHz VCC_ VPP REFERENCE OSCILLATOR INPUT (REF_IN) REF_IN Input Frequency Range 10 REF_IN Input Sensitivity 0.7 REF_IN Input Capacitance 2 REF_IN Input Current -60 pF +60 FA PHASE DETECTOR Phase Detector Frequency www.maximintegrated.com Integer-N mode 105 Fractional-N mode 50 MHz Maxim Integrated 2 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO AC Electrical Characteristics (continued) (Measured using MAX2870 EV Kit. VCC_ = 3V to 3.6V, VGND_ = 0V, fREF_IN = 50MHz, fPFD = 25MHz, fRFOUT_ = 6000MHz, TA = -40NC to +85NC. Typical values measured at VCC_ = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, register settings (Reg 0:5) 00780000,20000141,01005E42 ,00000013,610F423C,01400005; unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS CHARGE PUMP Sink/Source Current CP[3:0] = 1111, RSET = 5.1kI 5.12 CP[3:0] = 0000, RSET = 5.1kI 0.32 RSET Range mA 2.7 10 kI 3000 6000 MHz RF OUTPUTS Fundamental Frequency Range Divided Frequency Range With output dividers (1/2/4/8/16/32/64/128) 23.4375 VCO Sensitivity 6000 MHz 100 MHz/V Frequency Pushing Open loop 0.7 MHz/V Frequency Pulling Open loop into 2:1 VSWR 70 KHz 2nd Harmonic Fundamental VCO output 40 dBc 3rd Harmonic Fundamental VCO output 34 dBc 2nd Harmonic VCO output divided-by-2 20 dBc 3rd Harmonic VCO output divided-by-2 21 dBc Maximum Output Power fRFOUT_ = 3000MHz (Note 4) 5 dBm Minimum Output Power fRFOUT_ = 3000MHz (Note 4) -4 dBm -40NC P TA P +85NC 1.5 3V P VCC_ P 3.6V 0.2 (Note 4) -31 Output Power Variation (Note 4) Muted Output Power dB dBm VCO AND FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER NOISE VCO at 3000MHz VCO Phase Noise (Note 5) VCO at 4500MHz VCO at 6000MHz 10kHz offset -83.5 100kHz offset -111 1MHz offset -136 5MHz offset -149 10kHz offset -75 100kHz offset -104 1MHz offset -130 5MHz offset -145.5 10kHz offset -71.5 100kHz offset -100.5 1MHz offset -128.0 5MHz offset -143.5 dBc/Hz In-Band Noise Floor Normalized (Note 6) -226.4 dBc/Hz 1/f Noise Normalized (Note 7) -116 dBc/Hz In-Band Phase Noise (Note 8) -95 dBc/Hz Integrated RMS Jitter (Note 9) 0.25 ps Spurious Signals Due to PFD Frequency VCO Tune Voltage www.maximintegrated.com -87 0.5 dBc 2.5 V Maxim Integrated 3 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Digital I/O Characteristics (VCC_ = +3V to +3.6V, VGND_ = 0V, TA = -40NC to +85NC. Typical values at VCC_ = 3.3V, TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.4 V +1 FA SERIAL INTERFACE INPUTS (CLK, DATA, LE, CE, RFOUT_EN) Input Logic-Level Low VIL Input Logic-Level High VIH 1.5 Input Current IIH /IIL -1 Input Capacitance V 1 pF SERIAL INTERFACE OUTPUTS (MUX_OUT, LD) Output Logic-Level Low 0.3mA sink current Output Logic-Level High 0.3mA source current 0.4 V 0.5 mA MAX UNITS VCC - 0.4 V Output Current Level High SPI Timing Characteristics (VCC_ = +3V to +3.6V, VGND_ = 0V, TA = -40NC to +85NC. Typical values at VCC_ = 3.3V, TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CLK Clock Period tCP CLK Pulse-Width Low CLK Pulse-Width High CONDITIONS Guaranteed by SCL pulse-width low and high MIN TYP 50 ns tCL 25 ns tCH 25 ns LE Setup Time tLES 20 ns LE Hold Time tLEH 10 ns LE Minimum Pulse-Width High tLEW 20 ns Data Setup Time tDS 25 ns Data Hold Time tDH 25 ns MUX_OUT Setup Time tMS 10 ns MUX_OUT Hold Time tMH 10 ns Note 2: Production tested at TA = +25NC. Cold and hot are guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 3: fREFIN = 100MHz, phase detector frequency = 25MHz, RF output = 6000MHz. Register setting: 00780000, 20400061, 20011242, F8010003, 608001FC, 80440005 Note 4: Measured single ended with 27nH to VCC_RF into 50I load. Power measured with single output enabled. Unused output has 27nH to VCC_RF with 50I termination. Note 5: VCO phase noise is measured open loop. Note 6: Measured at 200kHz using a 50MHz Bliley NV108C19554 OCVCXO with 2MHz loop bandwidth. Register setting 801E0000, 8000FFF9, 80005FC2, 6C10000B, 638E80FC, 400005. EV kit loop filter: C13 = 1500pF, C14 = 33pF, R1 = 0, R2 = 1100, R0 = 0, C12 = open. Note 7: 1/f noise contribution to the in-band phase noise is computed by using 1/fnoise + 10log(10kHz/fOFFSET) + 20log(fRF/1GHz). Register setting: 803A0000,8000FFF9,81005F42,F4000013,6384803C,001500005 Note 8: fREFIN = 50MHz; fPFD = 25MHz; offset frequency = 10kHz; VCO frequency = 4227MHz, output divide-by-2 enabled. RFOUT = 2113.5MHz; N = 169; loop BW = 40kHz, CP[3:0] = 1111; integer mode. Note 9: fREFIN = 50MHz; fPFD = 50MHz; VCO frequency = 4400MHz, fRFOUT_ = 4400MHz; loop BW = 65kHz. Register setting: 002C0000, 200303E9, 80005642, 00000133, 638E82FC, 01400005. EV kit loop filter: C13 = 0.1F, C14 = 0.012F, R1 = 0, R2 = 120, R0 = 250, C12 = 820pF. www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 4 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Typical Operating Characteristics (Measured with MAX2870 EV Kit. VCC_ = 3.3V, VGND_ = 0V, fREF_IN = 50MHz, TA = +25C, see the Testing Conditions Table.) 10 100 1k 10k 1 10 100 1k 10k -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 100k 1 1k 10k 100k 3.0GHz CLOSED-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 4.5GHz CLOSED-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 6.0GHz CLOSED-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY -120 -130 -90 -140 -100 -110 -120 -130 -70 -140 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -150 -150 -160 -160 -160 -170 -170 10 100 1k 10k 100k -170 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 904MHz INTEGER-N MODE PHASE NOISE AND SPUR PERFOMANCE vs. FREQUENCY -80 -100 -40 -60 -80 -140 -160 -160 FREQUENCY (kHz) www.maximintegrated.com 1k 10k 1k 10k 100k 2113.5MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE (LOW-NOISE MODE) vs. FREQUENCY -140 100 100 2687.5MHz INTEGER-N MODE PHASE NOISE AND SPUR PERFOMANCE vs. FREQUENCY -120 10 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) -100 -120 1 -70 -80 -90 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -60 100k FREQUENCY (kHz) -20 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) SPURS (dBc) -40 10k MAX2780 toc08 -20 1k 0 MAX2780 toc07 0 DIV1 DIV2 DIV4 DIV8 DIV16 DIV32 DIV64 DIV128 -80 MAX2780 toc09 -110 DIV1 DIV2 DIV4 DIV8 DIV16 DIV32 DIV64 DIV128 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -90 -70 -80 MAX2780 toc05 DIV1 DIV2 DIV4 DIV8 DIV16 DIV32 DIV64 DIV128 -100 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) SPURS (dBc) 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) -70 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) -80 1 MAX2780 toc03 MAX2780 toc02 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 100k -40 FREQUENCY (kHz) PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) 1 6.0GHz VCO OPEN-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 -50 MAX2780 toc04 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -50 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -40 MAX2780 toc01 -40 4.5GHz VCO OPEN-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY MAX2780 toc06 3.0GHz VCO OPEN-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 -170 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1k 10k 1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (kHz) Maxim Integrated 5 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (Measured with MAX2870 EV Kit. VCC_ = 3.3V, VGND_ = 0V, fREF_IN = 50MHz, TA = +25C, see the Testing Conditions Table.) -110 -120 -130 -140 -80 -90 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -90 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -100 -70 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -150 -150 -160 -160 -160 -170 -170 1 10 100 1k 10k MAX2780 toc12 -80 -170 1 10 100 1k 10k 1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (kHz) FREQUENCY (kHz) FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. OUTPUT POWER SETTING (ONE CHANNEL ACTIVE, 3GHz) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY (ONE CHANNEL ACTIVE, MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. OUTPUT POWER SETTING (TWO CHANNELS ACTIVE) TA = +85C 120 110 TA = -40C 100 90 80 230 180 210 TA = +85C 190 170 TA = +25C 150 TA = -40C 130 110 150 140 120 110 100 70 90 60 50 10 PWR SETTING www.maximintegrated.com 11 TA = -40C 130 70 01 TA = +25C 160 90 00 TA = +85C 170 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 130 250 MAX2780 toc14 TA = +25C SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 140 MAX2780 toc13 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -90 2679.4MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (LOW-SPUR MODE) MAX2780 toc11 -80 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) -70 MAX2780 toc10 -70 2679.4MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (LOW-NOISE MODE) MAX2780 toc15 2113.5MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (LOW-SPUR MODE) 80 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (MHz) 10k 00 01 10 11 PWR SETTING Maxim Integrated 6 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (Measured with MAX2870 EV Kit. VCC_ = 3.3V, VGND_ = 0V, fREF_IN = 50MHz, TA = +25C, see the Testing Conditions Table.) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY (TWO CHANNELS ACTIVE, MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER) 260 3.06 FREQUENCY (GHz) TA = +85C 240 220 TA = +25C 200 180 TA = -40C 160 MAX2780 toc17 280 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) PLL LOCK vs. TIME 3.08 MAX2780 toc16 300 140 3.04 FASTLOCK OFF 3.02 3.00 120 FASTLOCK ON 100 2.98 100 10 1k 10k 0 50 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 150 200 TIME (s) Typical Operating Characteristics Testing Conditions Table TOC TITLE fREF (MHz) 3.0GHz VCO OPEN-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 4.5GHz VCO OPEN-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 6.0GHz VCO OPEN-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY www.maximintegrated.com N/A N/A N/A fPFD (MHz) REGISTER SETTINGS (hex) N/A 80B40000, 80000141, 0000405A, XX00013, 648020FC, 00000005 N/A 80B40000, 80000141, 0000405A, XX00013 648020FC, 00000005 N/A 80B40000, 80000141 0000405A XX00013, 648020FC 00000005 LOOP FILTER BW (Hz) N/A N/A N/A MAX2870 EV KIT COMPONENT VALUES C2 (F) N/A N/A N/A R2A + R2B (I) N/A N/A N/A C1 (F) N/A N/A N/A R3 (I) N/A N/A N/A C3 (F) COMMENTS N/A VCO bits set for 3GHz output, VAS_SHDN = 1 N/A VCO bits set for 4.5GHz output, VAS_SHDN = 1 N/A VCO bits set for 6.0GHz output, VAS_SHDN = 1 Maxim Integrated 7 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Typical Operating Characteristics Testing Conditions Table TOC TITLE fREF (MHz) 3.0GHz CLOSED-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 4.5GHz CLOSED-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 6.0GHz CLOSED-LOOP PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 904MHz INTEGER-N MODE PHASE NOISE AND SPUR PERFOMANCE vs. FREQUENCY 2687.5MHz INTEGER-N PHASE NOISE AND SPUR PERFORMANCE vs. FREQUENCY 2113.5MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE (LOW-NOISE MODE) vs. FREQUENCY 2113.5MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (LOW-SPUR MODE) www.maximintegrated.com 50 50 50 40 40 50 50 fPFD (MHz) REGISTER SETTINGS (hex) Loop Filter BW (Hz) MAX2870 EV KIT COMPONENT VALUES C2 (F) R2A + R2B (I) C1 (F) R3 (I) C3 (F) 25 803C0000 80000141 00009E42, E8000013, 618160FC, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p 25 805A0000, 80000141, 00009E42, E8000013, 618160FC, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p 25 80780000, 0080000141, 00009E42, EA000013, 608C80FC, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p 0.8 82350000, 800007D1 E1065FC2, 2C000013 6020803C 00400005 16k 0.1F 806 3300p 1201 470p 0.5 94FF0000, 803207D1, 010A1E42, B00000A3, 6090803C, 00400005 5k 0.1F 1000 6800p 300 0.01F 25 00548050, 400003E9, 81005FC2, E8000013, 609C80FC, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p 25 00548050, 400003E9, E1005FC2, E8000013, 609C80FC, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p COMMENTS Maxim Integrated 8 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Typical Operating Characteristics Testing Conditions Table TOC TITLE fREF (MHz) 2679.4MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (LOW-NOISE MODE) 2679.4MHz FRACTIONAL-N PHASE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY (LOW-SPUR MODE) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. OUTPUT POWER SETTING (ONE CHANNEL ACTIVE, 3GHz) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY (ONE CHANNEL ACTIVE, MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. OUTPUT POWER SETTING (TWO CHANNELS ACTIVE) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY (TWO CHANNELS ACTIVE MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER) PLL LOCK vs. TIME www.maximintegrated.com 50 50 50 50 50 50 40 fPFD (MHz) REGISTER SETTINGS (hex) Loop Filter BW (Hz) MAX2870 EV KIT COMPONENT VALUES C2 (F) R2A + R2B (I) C1 (F) R3 (I) C3 (F) COMMENTS 25 00358160, 203207D1, 01005E42, B20000A3, 6010003C, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p 25 00358160, 203207D1, 41005E42, B20000A3, 6010003C, 00400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p 25 003C0000, 20000321, 01005E42, 00000013, 610F423C, 01400005, APWR swept from 00 to 11 25 003C0000, 20000321, 01005E42, 00000013, 610F423C, 01400005 N and F values changed for each frequency 25 003C0000, 20000321, 01005E42, 00000013, 610F43FC, 01400005 APWR and BPWR swept from 00 to 11 25 003C0000, 20000321, 01005E42, 00000013, 610F43FC, 01400005 N and F values swept for each frequency 40 00250120, 20320141, 00004042, 000000A3, 0184023C, 01400005 40k 0.1F 120 0.012F 250 820p CDM changed from 00 to 01 Maxim Integrated 9 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO TUNE NOISE_FILT GND_VCO VCC_VCO 23 RSET 24 GND_TUNE BIAS_FILT TOP VIEW REG Pin Configuration 22 21 20 19 18 17 LD 25 16 VCC_RF RFOUT_EN 26 15 RFOUTB_N GND_DIG 27 14 RFOUTB_P 13 RFOUTA_N 12 RFOUTA_P 11 GND_RF VCC_DIG 28 MAX2870 REF_IN 29 MUX_OUT 30 GND_SD 31 EP + 6 7 10 VCC_PLL 9 GND_PLL 8 GND_CP LE 5 CP_OUT DATA 4 SW 3 VCC_CP 2 CE 1 CLK VDD_SD 32 TQFN Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION Serial Clock Input. The data is latched into the 32-bit shift register on the rising edge of the CLK line. 1 CLK 2 DATA 3 LE Load Enable Input. When LE goes high the data stored in the shift register is loaded into the appropriate latches. 4 CE Chip Enable. A logic-low powers the part down and the charge pump becomes high impedance. 5 SW Fast-Lock Switch. Connect to the loop filter when using the fast-lock mode. No connect in Normal mode Serial Data Input. The serial data is loaded MSB first. The 3 LSBs identify the register address. 6 VCC_CP Power Supply for Charge Pump. Place decoupling capacitors as close as possible to the pin. 7 CP_OUT Charge-Pump Output. Connect to external loop filter input. 8 GND_CP Ground for Charge-Pump. Connect to board ground, not to the paddle. 9 GND_PLL Ground for PLL. Connect to main board ground plane, not to the paddle. 10 VCC_PLL Power Supply for PLL. Place decoupling capacitors as close as possible to the pin. 11 GND_RF Ground for RF Outputs. Connect to board ground plane, not to the paddle. 12 RFOUTA_P www.maximintegrated.com Open Collector Positive RF Output A. Connect to supply through RF choke or 50I load. Maxim Integrated 10 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 13 RFOUTA_N Open Collector Negative RF Output A. Connect to supply through RF choke or 50I load. 14 RFOUTB_P Open Collector Positive RF Output B. Connect to supply through RF choke or 50I load. 15 RFOUTB_N Open Collector Negative RF Output B. Connect to supply through RF choke or 50I load. 16 VCC_RF 17 VCC_VCO Power Supply for RF Output and Dividers. Place decoupling capacitors as close as possible to the pin. VCO Power Supply. Place decoupling capacitors to the analog ground plane. 18 GND_VCO 19 NOISE_FILT 20 TUNE 21 GND_TUNE Ground for Control Input to the VCO. Connect to main board ground plane, not directly to the paddle. 22 RSET Charge-Pump Current Range Input. Connect an external resistor to ground to set the minimum CP current. ICP = 1.63/RSET x (1 + CP) 23 BIAS_FILT 24 REG 25 LD 26 RFOUT_EN 27 GND_DIG Ground for Digital circuitry. Connect to main board ground plane, not directly to the paddle. 28 VCC_DIG Power Supply for Digital Circuitry. Place decoupling capacitors as close as possible to pin. 29 REF_IN Reference Frequency Input. This is a high-impedance input with a nominal bias voltage of VCC_DIG/2. AC-couple to reference signal. 30 MUX_OUT 31 GND_SD Ground for Sigma-Delta Modulator. Connect to main board ground plane, not directly to the paddle. 32 VCC_SD Power Supply for Sigma-Delta Modulator. Place decoupling capacitors as close as possible to the pin. -- EP www.maximintegrated.com Ground for VCO. Connect to main board ground plane, not directly to the paddle. VCO Noise Decoupling. Place a 1FF capacitor to ground. Control Input to the VCO. Connect to external loop filter. VCO Noise Decoupling. Place a 1FF capacitor to ground. Reference Voltage Compensation. Place a 1FF capacitor to ground. Lock Detect Output. Logic-high when locked, and logic-low when unlocked. See register description for more details (Table 9). RF Output Enable. A logic-low disables the RF outputs. Multiplexed Output and Serial Data Out. See Table 6. Exposed Pad. Connect to board ground. Maxim Integrated 11 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Detailed Description LE is logic-low, the logic level at DATA is shifted at the rising edge of CLK. At the rising edge of LE, the 29 data bits are latched into the register selected by the address bits. The user must program all register values after power-up. 4-Wire Serial Interface The MAX2870 can be controlled by 3- wire SPI for write operation using CLK, DATA, LE pins, refer Figure 1. For read operation, in addition to the above 3 pins, MUX_ OUT pin can be used to access Reg, 0x06, refer figure 2. Upon power-up, the registers should be programmed twice with at least a 20ms pause between writes. The first write ensures that the device is enabled, and the second write starts the VCO selection process. Recommended to turn-off the outputs during this sequence and then turnon the outputs using RFA_EN, RFB_EN. The MAX2870 serial interface contains six write-only and one read-only 32-bit registers. The 29 most-significant bits (MSBs) are data, and the three least-significant bits (LSBs) are the register address. Register data is loaded MSB first through the 4-wire serial interface (SPI). When tLES tLEH tCP LE tLEW tCL CLK tCH tDH tDS IDATA BIT31 BIT30 BIT29 BIT1 BIT0 Figure 1. SPI Timing Diagram DATA DON'T CARE LE tMH CLK 1 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 MUX_OUT tMS Figure 2. Initiating Readback www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 12 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO REF_IN X2 MUX R COUNTER DIVIDE-BY-2 MUX PFD Figure 3. Reference Input For a clean clock at start up, after power on, follow this sequence of programming: Read Sequence * Register 5, Address 0X05 Register 0x06 can be read back through MUX_OUT. The user must set MUX = 1100. To begin the read sequence, set LE to logic-low, send 32 periods of CLK, and set LE to logic-high. While the CLK is running, the DATA pin can be held at logic-high or logic-low for 29 clocks, but the last 3 bits must be 110 to indicate register 6. Then finally, send 1 period of the clock. The MSB of register 0x06 appears on the falling edge of the next clock and continues to shift out for the next 29 clock cycles (Figure 2). After the LSB of register 0x06 has been read, the user can reset MUX = 0000. * Register 4, set bit 4 and 8 to 0 to keep RFOUT disabled Power Modes * Register 5, Address 0X05. Wait 20ms * Register 4, set bit 4 and 8 to 0 to keep RFOUT disabled * Register 3, Address 0X03 * Register 2, Address 0X02 * Register 1, Address 0X01 * Register 0, Address 0X00 * Register 3, Address 0X03 * Register 2, Address 0X02 * Register 1, Address 0X01 * Register 0, Address 0X00 To enable RFOUT, Register 4, Address 0X04, set bit 4 and 8 to 0. Register programming order should be address 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, and 0x00. Several bits are double-buffered to update the settings at the same time. See the register descriptions for double-buffered settings. The MAX2870 can be put into low-power mode by setting SHDN = 1 (register 2, bit 5) or by setting the CE pin to logic-low. In low-power mode, all blocks except SPI are off. After exiting low-power mode, allow at least 20ms for external capacitors to charge to their final values before programming the final VCO frequency. Reference Input The reference input stage is configured as a CMOS inverter with shunt resistance from input to output. In shutdown mode this input is set to high impedance to prevent loading of the reference source. The reference input signal path also includes optional x2 and /2 blocks. When the reference doubler is enabled (DBR = 1), the maximum reference input frequency is limited to 100MHz. When the doubler is disabled, the reference input frequency is limited to 200MHz. The minimum reference frequency is 10MHz. The minimum R counter divide ratio is 1, and the maximum divide ratio is 1023. www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 13 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO PFD Frequency The phase-detector frequency is determined as follows: fPFD = fREF O [(1 + DBR)/(R x (1 + RDIV2))] fREF represents the external reference input frequency. DBR (register 2, bit 25) sets the fREF input frequency doubler mode (0 or 1). RDIV2 (register 2, bit 24) sets the fREF divide-by-2 mode (0 or 1). R (register 2, bits 23:14) is the value of the 10-bit programmable reference counter (1 to 1023). The maximum fPFD is 50MHz for frac-N mode and 105MHz for int-N mode. The R-divider can be held in reset when RST (register 2, bit 3) = 1. The RF B output frequency is determined as follows: If BDIV = 0 (register 4, bit 9), fRFOUTB = fRFOUTA. If BDIV = 1, fRFOUTB = fVCO. Int-N/Frac-N Modes Integer-N mode is selected by setting bit INT = 1 (register 0, bit 31). When operating in integer-N mode, it is also necessary to set bit LDF (register 2, bit 8) to set the lock detect to integer-N mode. The device's frac-N mode is selected by setting bit INT = 0 (register 0, bit 31). Additionally, set bit LDF = 0 (register 2, bit 8) for frac-N lock-detect mode. Int, Frac, Mod, and R Counter Relationship If the device is in frac-N mode, it will remain in frac-N mode when fractional division value F = 0, which can result in unwanted spurs. To avoid this condition, the device can automatically switch to integer-N mode when F = 0 if the bit F01 = 1 (register 5, bit 24). Set DIVA value property based on fRFOUTA and DIVA register table (register 4[22.20]) Phase Detector and Charge Pump The VCO frequency (fVCO), N, F, and M can be determined based on desired RF output frequency (fRFOUTA) as follows: fVCO = fRFOUTA x DIVA If bit FB = 1, (DIVA is not in PLL feedback loop): N + (F/M) = fVCO/fPFD If bit FB = 0, (DIVA is in PLL feedback loop) and DIVA 16: N + (F/M) = (fVCO/fPFD)/DIVA If bit FB = 0, (DIVA is in PLL feedback loop) and DIVA > 16: N + (F/M) = (fVCO / fPFD)/16 N is the value of the 16-bit N counter (16 to 65535), programmable through bits 30:15 of register 0. M is the fractional modulus value (2 to 4095), programmable through bits 14:3 of register 1. F is the fractional division value (0 to MOD - 1), programmable through bits 14:3 of register 0. In frac-N mode, the minimum N value is 19 and maximum N value is 4091. The N counter is held in reset when RST = 1 (register 2, bit 3). DIVA is the RF output divider setting (0 to 7), programmable through bits 22:20 of register 4. The division ratio is set by 2DIVA. www.maximintegrated.com The device's charge-pump current is determined by the value of the resistor from pin RSET to ground and the value of bits CP (register 2, bits 12:9) as follows: ICP = 1.63/RSET x (1 + CP) To reduce spurious in frac-N mode, set charge-pump linearity bit CPL = 1 (register 1, bits 30:29). For int-N mode, set CPL = 0. For lower noise operation in int-N mode, set charge-pump output clamp bit CPOC = 1 (register 1, bit 31) to prevent leakage current onto the loop filter. For frac-N mode, set CPOC = 0. The charge-pump output can be put into high-impedance mode when TRI = 1 (register 2, bit 4). The output is in normal mode when TRI = 0. The phase detector polarity can be changed if an active inverting loop filter topology is used. For noninverting loop filters, set PDP = 1 (register 2, bit 6). For inverting loop filters, set PDP = 0. Maxim Integrated 14 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO MUX_OUT and Lock Detect 3/4th the total resistance. The larger resistor should be connected from SW to ground, and the smaller resistor from SW to the loop filter capacitor. When CDM = 01 (register 3, bits 16:15), fast-lock is active after the VAS has completed. During fast-lock, the charge pump is increased to CP = 1111 and the shunt loop filter resistance is set to 1/4th the total resistance by changing pin SW from high impedance to ground. Fast-lock deactivates after a timeout set by the user. This timeout is loop filter dependent, and is set by: MUX_OUT is a multipurpose test output for observing various internal functions of the MAX2870. MUX_OUT can also be configured as serial data output. Bits MUX (register 2, bit 28:26) are used to select the desired MUX_OUT signal (see Table 6). Lock detect can be monitored through the LD output by setting the LD bits (register 5, bits 23:22). For digital lock detect, set LD = 01. The digital lock detect is dependent on the mode of the synthesizer. In frac-N mode set LDF = 0, and in int-N mode set LDF = 1. To set the accuracy of the digital lock detect, see Table 1 and Table 2. tFAST-LOCK = M x CDIV/fPFD where M is the modulus setting and CDIV is the clock divider setting. The user must determine the CDIV setting based on their loop filter time constant. The SW pin can be left open/ no connect when fast lock mode is not used. Analog lock detect can be set with LD = 10. In this mode, LD is an open-drain output and requires an external pullup resistor of typical value, 10K. The lock detect output validity is dependent on many factors. The lock detect output is not valid during the VCO auto selection process. After the VCO auto selection process has completed, the lock detect output is not valid until the TUNE voltage has settled. TUNE voltage settling time is dependent on loop filter bandwidth, and can be calculated using the EE-Sim Simulation tool found at www.maximintegrated.com. R3 C3 7 CP_OUT C2 C1 R2A MAX2870 5 SW R2B Fast-Lock The device uses a fast-lock mode to decrease lock time. This mode requires that CP = 0000 (register 2, bits 12:9) and that the shunt resistive portion of the loop filter be segmented into two parts, where one resistor (R2A) is 1/4th the total resistance, and the other resistor (R2B) is 20 TUNE Figure 4. Fast Lock Filter Topology Table 1. Frac-N Digital Lock-Detect Settings PFD FREQUENCY LDS LDP LOCKED UP/DOWN TIME SKEW (ns) NUMBER OF LOCKED CYCLES TO SET LD UP/DOWNTIME SKEW TO UNSET LD (ns) P 32MHz 0 0 10 40 15 P 32MHz 0 1 6 40 15 > 32MHz 1 X 4 40 4 Table 2. Int-N Digital Lock-Detect Settings PFD FREQUENCY LDS LDP LOCKED UP/DOWN TIME SKEW (ns) NUMBER OF LOCKED CYCLES TO SET LD UP/DOWNTIME SKEW TO UNSET LD (ns) P 32MHz 0 0 10 5 15 P 32MHz 0 1 6 5 15 > 32MHz 1 X 4 5 4 www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 15 MAX2870 RFOUTA and RFOUTB The device has dual differential open-collector RF outputs that require an external RF choke 50I resistor to supply for each output. Each differential output can be independently enabled or disabled by setting bits RFA_EN (register 4, bit 5) and RFB_EN (register 4, bit 8). Both outputs are also controlled by applying a logic-high (enabled) or logic-low (disabled) to pin RFOUT_EN. 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO BS = 1023. If fPFD is lower than 50kHz, then set BS = 1. The time needed to select the correct VCO is 10/fBS. The RETUNE (register 3, bit 24) bit is used to enable or disable the VAS auto-retune function. Should the 3-bit TUNE ADC detect that the VCO control voltage (VTUNE) has drifted into the 000 or 111 state, the VAS will initiate an auto-retune if RETUNE = 1. If RETUNE = 0, then this function is disabled. The output power of each output can be individually controlled with APWR (register 4, bits 4:3) for RFOUTA and BPWR (register 4, bits 7:6) for RFOUTB. The available differential output power settings are from -4dBm to +5dBm, in 3dB steps with 50I pullup to supply. The available single-ended output power ranges from -4dBm to +5dBm in 3dB steps with a RF choke to supply. Across the entire frequency range different pullup elements (L or R) are required for optimal output power. If the output is used single ended, the unused output should be terminated in a corresponding load. If VAS_SHDN = 1, then the VCO can be manually selected by bits VCO (register 3, bits 31:26). Refer to the Applications Information section for detailed implementation of VCO manual selection. Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 1) Achieve lock at the desired frequency. The fundamental VCO frequency of the device guarantees gap-free coverage from 3.0GHz to 6.0GHz using four individual VCO core blocks with 16 sub-bands within each block. Connect the output of the loop filter to the TUNE input. The TUNE input is used to control the VCO. 2) Set the increment of phase relative to the current phase by setting P = M x {desired_phase_change}/360N. Tune ADC Low-Spur Mode A 3-bit ADC is used to read the VCO tuning voltage. The ADC value can be read back by bits 22:20 in register 6. The ADC uses the ranges shown in Table 3. Note that the digital or analog lock detect might still be valid when the tuning voltage is out of the compliance range. VCO Autoselect (VAS) State Machine An internal VCO autoselect state machine is initiated when register 0 is programmed to automatically select the correct VCO if bit VAS_SHDN = 0 (register 3, bit 25). Phase Shift Mode After achieving lock, the phase of the MAX2870 device's RF output can be changed in increments of P/M x 360N. The absolute phase cannot be determined, but it can be changed relative to the current phase. To change the phase, do the following: 3) Enable the phase change by setting CDM = 10. 4) Reset CDM = 00. The device offers three modes for the sigma-delta modulator. Low-noise mode offers lower in-band noise at the expense of spurs. The spurs can be reduced by setting SDN = 10 (register 2, bits 30:29) or SDN = 11 for different modes of dithering. The user can determine which mode works best for their application. Table 3. ADC VCO Status ADC VCO STATUS 000 Out-of-lock, VTUNE < 0.5V The state machine clock, fBS, must be set to 50kHz. This is set by the BS bits. The formula for setting BS is: 001 In-lock, 0.5V < VTUNE < 0.7V 010 In-lock, 0.7V < VTUNE < 1.3V BS = fPFD/50kHz where fPFD is the phase-detector frequency. The BS (register 4, bits 19:12) value should be rounded to the nearest integer. If the calculated BS is higher than 1023, then set 011 Not used 100 Not used 101 In-lock, 1.3V < VTUNE < 2.1V 110 In-lock, 2.1V < VTUNE < 2.5V 111 Out-of-lock, VTUNE > 2.5V www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 16 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Register and Bit Descriptions The operating mode of the device is controlled by six on-chip registers. Defaults are not guaranteed upon power-up and are provided for reference only. All reserved bits should only be written with default values. In low-power mode, the register values are retained. Upon power-up, the registers should be programmed twice with at least a 20ms pause between writes. The first write ensures that the device is enabled, and the second write starts the VCO selection process. Table 4. Register 0 (Address: 000, Default: 007D0000HEX) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME DEFINITION 31 INT Int-N or Frac-N Mode Control 0 = Enables the fractional-N mode 1 = Enables the integer-N mode The LDF bit must also be set to the appropriate mode. 30:15 N[15:0] Integer Division Value Sets integer part (N-divider) of the feedback divider factor. All integer values from 16 to 65,535 are allowed for integer mode. Integer values from 19 to 4,091 are allowed for fractional mode. 14:3 FRAC[11:0] Fractional Division Value Sets fractional value: 000000000000 = 0 (see F0I bit description) 000000000001 = 1 ---111111111110 = 4094 111111111111 = 4095 2:0 ADDR[2:0] Address Bits Register address bits 000 Table 5. Register 1 (Address: 001, Default: 2000FFF9HEX) BIT LOCATION 31 30:29 28:27 26:15 BIT ID NAME DEFINITION CPOC CP Output Clamp Sets charge-pump output clamp mode. 0 = Disables clamping of the CP output when the CP is off 1 = Enables the clamping of the CP output when the CP is off (improved integer-N in-band phase noise) CPL[1:0] CP Linearity CPT[1:0] Charge Pump Test P[11:0] www.maximintegrated.com Phase Value Sets CP linearity mode. 00 = Disables the CP linearity mode (integer-N mode) 01 = Enables the CP linearity mode (frac-N mode) 10 = Reserved 11 = Reserved Sets charge-pump test modes. 00 = Normal mode 01 = Reserved 10 = Force CP into source mode 11 = Force CP into sink mode Sets phase value. See the Phase Shift Mode section. 000000000000 = 0 000000000001 = 1 (recommended) ----111111111111 = 4095 Maxim Integrated 17 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Table 5. Register 1 (Address: 001, Default: 2000FFF9HEX) (continued) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME 14:3 M[11:0] Modulus Value (M) 2:0 ADDR[2:0] Address Bits DEFINITION Fractional modulus value used to program fVCO. See the Int, Frac, Mod, and R Counter Relationship section. Double buffered by register 0. 000000000000 = Unused 000000000001 = Unused 000000000010 = 2 ----111111111111 = 4095 Register address bits 001 Table 6. Register 2 (Address: 010, Default: 00004042HEX) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME 31 LDS Lock-Detect Speed Lock-detect speed adjustment. 0 = fPFD P 32MHz 1 = fPFD > 32MHz Frac-N Noise Mode Sets noise mode (See the Low-Spur Mode section.) 00 = Low-noise mode 01 = Reserved 10 = Low-spur mode 1 11 = Low-spur mode 2 30:29 SDN[1:0] DEFINITION 28:26 MUX[3:0] MUX_OUT Configuration Sets MUX_OUT pin configuration (MSB bit located register 05). 0000 = Three-state output 0001 = D_VDD 0010 = D_GND 0011 = R-divider output 0100 = N-divider output/2 0101 = Analog lock detect 0110 = Digital lock detect 0111:1011 = Reserved 1100 = Read register 06 MUX_OUT is configured as serial data out. 1101:1111 = Reserved 25 DBR Reference Doubler Mode Sets reference doubler mode. 0 = Disable reference doubler 1 = Enable reference doubler 24 RDIV2 Reference Div2 Mode Sets reference divider mode. 0 = Disable reference divide-by-2 1 = Enable reference divide-by-2 23:14 R[9:0] www.maximintegrated.com Reference Divider Mode Sets reference 0000000000 = 0000000001 = ----1111111111 = divide value (R). Double buffered by register 0. 0 (unused) 1 1023 Maxim Integrated 18 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Table 6. Register 2 (Address: 010, Default: 00004042HEX) (continued) BIT LOCATION 13 BIT ID REG4DB NAME DEFINITION Double Buffer Sets double buffer mode. 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled Sets charge-pump current in mA (RSET = 5.1kI). Double buffered by register 0. 0000 = 0.32 0001 = 0.64 0010 = 0.96 0011 = 1.28 0100 = 1.60 0101 = 1.92 0110 = 2.24 0111 = 2.56 [ICP = 1.63/RSET x (1 + CP<3:0>)] 1000 = 2.88 1001 = 3.20 1010 = 3.52 1011 = 3.84 1100 = 4.16 1101 = 4.48 1110 = 4.80 1111 = 5.12 12:9 CP[3:0] Charge-Pump Current 8 LDF Lock-Detect Function Sets lock-detect function. 0 = Frac-N lock detect 1 = Int-N lock detect 7 LDP Lock-Detect Precision Sets lock-detect precision. 0 = 10nS 1 = 6nS 6 PDP Phase Detector Polarity 5 SHDN Power-Down Mode 4 TRI Charge-Pump Three-State Mode Sets charge-pump three-state mode. 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled 3 RST Counter Reset Sets counter reset mode. 0 = Normal operation 1 = R and N counters reset 2:0 ADDR Address Bits www.maximintegrated.com Sets phase detector polarity. 0 = Negative (for use with inverting active loop filters) 1 = Positive (for use with passive loop filers and noninverting active loop filters) Sets power-down mode. 0 = Normal mode 1 = Device shutdown Register address 010 Maxim Integrated 19 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Table 7. Register 3 (Address: 011, Default: 0000000BHEX) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME DEFINITION Manual selection of VCO and VCO sub-band when VAS is disabled. 000000 = VCO0 .... 111111 = VCO63 31:26 VCO[5:0] VCO 25 VAS_SHDN VAS_SHDN 24 RETUNE RETUNE Sets VAS response to temperature drift. 0 = VAS auto-retune over temp disabled 1 = VAS auto-retune over temp enabled 23:18 Reserved Reserved Reserved. Program to 000000. 17 Reserved Reserved Reserved. Program to 0. Clock Divider Mode Sets clock divider mode. 00 = Clock divider off 01 = Fast-lock enabled 10 = Phase mode 11 = Reserved 16:15 CDM[1:0] Sets VAS state machine mode. 0 = VAS enabled 1 = VAS disabled 14:3 CDIV[11:0] Clock Divider Value Sets 12-bit clock divider value. 000000000000 = Unused 000000000001 = 1 000000000010 = 2 ----111111111111 = 4095 2:0 ADDR[2:0] Address Bits Register address 011 www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 20 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Table 8. Register 4 (Address: 100, Default: 6180B23CHEX) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME 31:26 Reserved Reserved 25:24 BS_MSBs[1:0] Band-Select MSBs 23 FB VCO Feedback Mode Sets VCO to N counter feedback mode. 0 = Divided 1 = Fundamental RFOUT_ Output Divider Mode Sets RFOUT_ output divider mode. Double buffered by register 0 when REG4DB = 1. 000 = Divide by 1, if 3000MHz fRFOUTA 6000MHz 001 = Divide by 2, if 1500MHz fRFOUTA < 3000MHz 010 = Divide by 4, if 750MHz fRFOUTA < 1500MHz 011 = Divide by 8, if 375MHz fRFOUTA < 750MHz 100 = Divide by 16, if 187.5MHz fRFOUTA < 375MHz 101 = Divide by 32, if 93.75MHz fRFOUTA < 187.5MHz 110 = Divide by 64, if 46.875MHz fRFOUTA < 93.75MHz 111 = Divide by 128, if 23.5MHz fRFOUTA < 46.875MHz 22:20 DIVA[2:0] DEFINITION Reserved. Program to 011000. Band-select MSBs. See bits [19:12]. Sets band select clock divider value. MSB are located in bits [25:24]. 0000000000 = Reserved 0000000001 =1 0000000010 = 2 ---1111111111 = 1023 See details in VAS section 19:12 BS[7:0] Band Select 11 Reserved Reserved Reserved. Program to 0. 10 Reserved Reserved Reserved. Program to 0. 9 BDIV RFOUTB Output Path Select Sets RFOUTB output path select. 0 = VCO divided output 1 = VCO fundamental frequency 8 RFB_EN RFOUTB Output Mode Sets RFOUTB output mode. 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled 7:6 BPWR[1:0] RFOUTB Output Power Sets RFOUTB single-ended output power. See the RFOUTAQ and RFOUTBQ section. 00 = -4dBm 01 = -1dBm 10 = +2dBm 11 = +5dBm 5 RFA_EN RFOUTA Output Mode Sets RFOUTA output mode. 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled 4:3 APWR[1:0] RFOUTA Output Power Sets RFOUTA single-ended output power. See the RFOUTAQ and RFOUTBQ section. 00 = -4dBm 01 = -1dBm 10 = +2dBm 11 = +5dBm 2:0 ADDR[2:0] Register Address Register address 100 www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 21 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Table 9. Register 5 (Address: 101, Default: 00400005HEX) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME 31:25 Reserved Reserved 24 F01 F01 Lock-Detect Pin Function DEFINITION Reserved. Program to 0000000. Sets integer mode for F = 0. 0 = If F[11:0] = 0, then fractional-N mode is set 1 = If F[11:0] = 0, then integer-N mode is auto set Sets lock-detect pin function. 00 = Low 01 = Digital lock detect 10 = Analog lock detect 11 = High 23:22 LD[1:0] 21:19 Reserved Reserved Reserved. Program to 000. 18 MUX MUX MSB Sets mode at MUX_OUT pin (see register 2 [28:26]) 17:3 Reserved Reserved Reserved. Program to 000000000000000. ADDR[2:0] Register Address Register address bits 101 2:0 Table 10. Register 6 (Address: 110, Read-Only Register) BIT LOCATION BIT ID NAME 31:24 -- Reserved 23 POR Power_On_ Reset 22:20 ADC[2:0] VTUNE_ADC 19:9 -- Reserved 8:3 V[5:0] Active VCO 2:0 ADDR[2:0] Register Address www.maximintegrated.com DEFINITION Reserved POR readback status. 0 = POR has been read back 1 = POR has not been read back (registers at default) Reads back the ADC reading of the VTUNE (see the Tune ADC section) Reserved Reads back the current active VCO. 000000 = VCO0 ...... 111111 = VCO63 Register address bits 110 Maxim Integrated 22 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Typical Application Circuit 24 LD TO GPIO FROM GPIO RFOUT_EN 23 22 21 20 19 VCC_VCO GND_VCO NOISE_FILT TUNE GND_TUNE RSET REG BIAS_FILT VCC_RF 18 VCC_RF 17 25 16 26 15 VCC_RF RFOUTB_N RFOUTB GND_DIG VCC_DIG VCC_DIG REF_IN MUX_OUT GND_SD 27 14 28 13 MAX2870 29 12 30 11 31 10 EP RFOUTB_P RFOUTA_N RFOUTA RFOUTA_P GND_RF VCC_PLL VCC_PLL VCC_DIG VDD_SD 9 32 GND_PLL VCC_RF 8 GND_CP 7 CP_OUT 6 VCC_CP 5 SW 4 CE 3 LE 2 DATA CLK 1 VCC_PLL FROM GPIO SPI INTERFACE FOR BEST PERFORMANCE GENERATE THREE SUPPLIES USING SEPARATE LDOS VCC_RF VCC_DIG VCC_PLL www.maximintegrated.com R3 C1 C2 C3 R2A R2B Maxim Integrated 23 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Applications Information Layout Issues VCO manual selection operation (VAS_SHDN = 1) allows shorter lock time, typically 200 Sec saving. The following steps need to be implemented: 1) Building VCO lookup table (Required ONLY once after each power cycle) * Set VAS_SHDN = 0, follow "VCO Autoselect (VAS) State Machine" section to set BS bits properly * Write proper N and Frac value to Reg 0, triggering MAX2870 to first desired frequency point, i.e freq1. Wait for PLL to lock * Read back register 6[8:3] from MUX_OUT pin and save the value to memory as vco1, see detail at 4-Wire Serial Interface section about register readback * Repeat above steps for all desired frequency points 2) VCO manual selection normal operation * Set VAS_SHDN = 1 * Based on the VCO lookup table obtained from step 1, write desired frequency's corresponding VCO value to reg3[31:26] The MAX2870 EV kit can be used as a starting point for layout. For best performance, take into consideration grounding and routing of RF, baseband, and power supply PCB proper line. Make connections from vias to the ground plane as short as possible. On the high impedance ports, keep traces short to minimize shunt capacitance. EV kit Gerber files can be requested at www.maximintegrated.com. Power-Supply Layout To minimize coupling between different sections of the IC, a star power-supply routing configuration with a large decoupling capacitor at a central VCC_ node is recommended. The VCC_ traces branch out from this node, each going to a separate VCC_ node in the circuit. Place a bypass capacitor as close as possible to each supply pin This arrangement provides local decoupling at each VCC_ pin. Use at least one via per bypass capacitor for a low-inductance ground connection. Do not share the capacitor ground vias with any other branch. Refer to Maxim's Wireless and RF Application Notes for more information. * Write proper N and Frac value to reg0, triggering MAX2870 to desired frequency Ordering Information Package Information PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX2870ETJ+ -40NC to +85NC 32 TQFN-EP* +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad. www.maximintegrated.com For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 32 TQFN-EP T3255+5 21-0140 90-0013 Maxim Integrated 24 MAX2870 23.5MHz to 6000MHz Fractional/ Integer-N Synthesizer/VCO Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE PAGES CHANGED 0 4/12 Initial release 1 7/12 Updated Int, Frac, Mod and R Counter Relationship section; updated formula in VCO Autoselect (VAS) State Machine section, updated Table 8 13, 15, 20 2 11/12 Updated Applications section, Note 3, Typical Operating Characteristics Testing Conditions Table, and Figure 1 1, 4, 7, 12 3 4/13 Updated AC Electrical Characteristics table; updated SPI Characteristics, Pin Description, Fast-Lock, and VCO Autoselect State Machine sections. Replaced Figure 2 4 8/13 Updated Fast-Lock Section and Digital I/O Characteristics table 5 3/14 Updated the Four-Wire Serial Interface, MUX_OUT and Lock Detect, Register and Bit Descriptions sections, and Table 9 6 4/17 Added VCO Manual Selection section and other general updates/corrections DESCRIPTION -- 3, 4, 11, 12, 14 4, 14 12-16, 21 1-3, 7-10, 12-24 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated's website at www.maximintegrated.com. Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (c) 2017 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 25 Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Maxim Integrated: MAX2870ETJ+T MAX2870EVKIT#