LM2840,LM2841,LM2842 LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/ LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q 100/300/600 mA Input Step-Down DC/DC Regulator in Thin SOT-23 Literature Number: SNVS540F 100/300/600 mA Input Step-Down DC/DC Regulator in Thin SOT-23 General Description Features The LM2840, LM2841 and LM2842 are PWM DC/DC buck (step-down) regulators. With a wide input range from 4.5V-42V, they are suitable for a wide range of applications such as power conditioning from unregulated sources. They feature a low RDSON (0.9 typical) internal switch for maximum efficiency (85% typical). Operating frequency is fixed at 550 kHz (X version) and 1.25 MHz (Y version) allowing the use of small external components while still being able to have low output voltage ripple. Soft-start can be implemented using the shutdown pin with an external RC circuit allowing the user to tailor the soft-start time to a specific application. The LM2840 is optimized for up to 100 mA, the LM2841 for 300 mA and the LM2842 is optimized for up to 600 mA load currents. They all have a 0.765V nominal feedback voltage. Additional features include: thermal shutdown, VIN under-voltage lockout, and gate drive under-voltage lockout. The LM2840, LM2841 and LM2842 are available in a low profile TSOT-6L package. LM2840Q, LM2841Q and LM2842Q are Automotive Grade products that are AEC-Q100 grade 1 qualified (-40 C to +125C operating junction temperature) Input voltage range of 4.5V to 42V Output current options of 100 mA, 300 mA and 600 mA Feedback pin voltage of 0.765V 550 kHz (X) or 1.25 MHz (Y) switching frequency Low shutdown IQ, 16 A typical Short circuit protected Internally compensated Soft-start circuitry Small overall solution size (TSOT-6L package) Applications Battery powered equipment Industrial distributed power applications Portable media players Portable hand held instruments Typical Application Circuit 30036702 (c) 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation 300367 www.national.com LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q 100 / 300 / 600 mA Input Step-Down DC/ DC Regulator in Thin SOT-23 August 23, 2011 LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/ LM2840Q/LM2841Q/ LM2842Q LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Connection Diagram Top View 30036704 TSOT 6 Lead NS Package Number MK06A Ordering Information Order Number Spec. Package Type NSC Package Drawing LM2840XMK-ADJL SE8B LM2840XMKX-ADJL LM2840YMK-ADJL SF1B LM2840YMKX-ADJL LM2841XMK-ADJL STFB LM2841XMKX-ADJL LM2841YMK-ADJL STTB LM2841YMKX-ADJL LM2842XMK-ADJL STVB LM2842XMKX-ADJL LM2842YMK-ADJL LM2842YMKX-ADJL LM2840XQMK LM2840XQMKX LM2840YQMK LM2840YQMKX LM2841XQMK LM2841XQMKX LM2841YQMK LM2841YQMKX LM2842XQMK LM2842XQMKX LM2842YQMK LM2842YQMKX Top Mark STXB NOPB TSOT-6 MK06A SE9B SF2B SB1B SB2B SB3B SB4B Supplied As Feature 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel AEC-Q100 Grade 1 qualified. Automotive Grade Production Flow* 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel 1000 Units, Tape and Reel 3000 Units, Tape and Reel *Automotive Grade (Q) product incorporates enhanced manufacturing and support processes for the automotive market, including defect detection methodologies. Reliability qualification is compliant with the requirements and temperature grades defined in the AEC-Q100 standard. Automotive grade products are identified with the letter Q. For more information go to http://www.national.com/automotive. www.national.com 2 Pin Name 1 CB 2 GND 3 FB 4 SHDN Function SW FET gate bias voltage. Connect CBOOT cap between CB and SW. Ground connection. Feedback pin: Set feedback voltage divider ratio with VOUT = VFB (1+(R1/R2)). Resistors should be in the 100-10K range to avoid input bias errors. Logic level shutdown input. Pull to GND to disable the device and pull high to enable the device. If this function is not used tie to VIN or leave open. 5 VIN Power input voltage pin: 4.5V to 42V normal operating range. 6 SW Power FET output: Connect to inductor, diode, and CBOOT cap. 3 www.national.com LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Pin Descriptions LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Lead Temperature Vapor Phase (60 sec.) Infrared (15 sec.) ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) Human Body Model Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. VIN SHDN SW Voltage CB Voltage above SW Voltage FB Voltage Maximum Junction Temperature Power Dissipation(Note 2) -0.3V to +45V -0.3V to (VIN+0.3V) SHDN=VIN at 45V max -0.3V to +45V 7V -0.3V to +5V 150C 300C 215C 220C 2 kV Operating Conditions Operating Junction Temperature Range (Note 4) Storage Temperature Input Voltage VIN SW Voltage Internally Limited -40C to +125C -65C to +150C 4.5V to 42V Up to 42V Electrical Characteristics Specifications in standard type face are for TJ = 25C and those with boldface type apply over the full Operating Temperature Range ( TJ = -40C to +125C). Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design, or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = +25C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise stated the following conditions apply: VIN = 12V. Symbol IQ Parameter Quiescent current Conditions Min (Note 4) Typ (Note 5) Max (Note 4) Units A SHDN = 0V 16 40 Device On, Not Switching 1.30 1.75 Device On, No Load 1.35 1.85 mA RDSON Switch ON resistance (Note 6) 0.9 1.6 ILSW Switch leakage current VIN = 42V 0.0 0.5 A ICL Switch current limit LM2840 (Note 7) 525 900 mA LM2841 (Note 7) 525 900 mA LM2842 (Note 7) 1.15 1.7 A LM2840/41/42 (Note 8) 0.1 1.0 A IFB Feedback pin bias current VFB FB Pin reference voltage 0.765 0.782 V tON(min) Minimum ON time (Note 10) 100 150 ns tOFF(min) Minimum OFF time X option 110 370 ns Y option 104 200 ns 550 750 fSW 0.747 LM2840/41/42X, VFB = 0.5V Switching frequency 325 LM2840/41/42X, VFB = 0V LM2840/41/42Y, VFB = 0.5V 140 0.95 LM2840/41/42Y, VFB = 0V DMAX VUVP VSHDN Maximum duty cycle 88 94 LM2840/41/42Y 81 87 Undervoltage lockout thresholds On threshold 4.4 3.7 Shutdown threshold Device on Off threshold 3.5 2.3 Shutdown pin input bias current VSHDN = 2.3V (Note 8) VSHDN = 0V 1.50 0.35 LM2840/41/42X Device off ISHDN 1.25 kHz MHz % 3.25 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.05 1.5 0.02 1.5 V V A THERMAL SPECIFICATIONS RJA Junction-to-Ambient Thermal (Note 9) Resistance, TSOT-6L Package 121 C/W RJC Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance, TSOT-6L Package 94 C/W www.national.com 4 Note 2: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, JA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: PD (MAX) = (TJ(MAX) - TA)/ JA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. Thermal shutdown engages at TJ=175C (typ.) and disengages at TJ= 155C (typ). Note 3: Human Body Model, applicable std. JESD22-A114-C. Note 4: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard typeface) and at temperature extremes (bold typeface). All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 5: Typical numbers are at 25C and represent the most likely norm. Note 6: Includes the bond wires, RDSON from VIN pin to SW pin. Note 7: Current limit at 0% duty cycle. May be lower at higher duty cycle or input voltages below 6V. Note 8: Bias currents flow into pin. Note 9: All numbers apply for packages soldered directly onto a 3" x 3" PC board with 2 oz. copper on 4 layers in still air in accordance to JEDEC standards. Thermal resistance varies greatly with layout, copper thickness, number of layers in PCB, power distribution, number of thermal vias, board size, ambient temperature, and air flow. Note 10: Minimum On Time guaranteed by design and simulation. 5 www.national.com LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Typical Performance Characteristics Efficiency vs. Load Current (LM2842X, VOUT = 3.3V) Efficiency vs. Load Current (LM2841X, VOUT = 3.3V) 30036719 30036718 Efficiency vs. Load Current (LM2840X, VOUT = 8V) Switching Frequency vs. Temperature (X version) 30036720 30036766 Input UVLO Voltage vs. Temperature Switch Current Limit vs. SHDN Pin Voltage (Soft-start Implementation, LM2840/41) 30036767 30036768 www.national.com 6 SHDN Pin Current vs. SHDN Pin Voltage 30036769 30036721 Switching Node and Output Voltage Waveforms Load Transient Waveforms 30036770 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 200 mA Top trace: VOUT, 10 mV/div, AC Coupled Bottom trace: SW, 5V/div, DC Coupled T = 1 s/div 30036771 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 300 mA to 200 mA to 300 mA Top trace: VOUT, 20 mV/div, AC Coupled Bottom trace: IOUT, 100 mA/div, DC Coupled T = 200 s/div Start-up Waveform 30036772 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 50 mA Top trace: VOUT, 1V/div, DC Coupled Bottom trace: SHDN, 2V/div, DC Coupled T = 40 s/div 7 www.national.com LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Switch Current Limit vs. SHDN Pin Voltage (Soft-start Implementation, LM2842) LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Block Diagram 30036703 DESIGN PROCEDURE This section presents guidelines for selecting external components. Operation PROTECTION The LM2840/1/2 has dedicated protection circuitry running during normal operation to protect the IC. The thermal shutdown circuitry turns off the power device when the die temperature reaches excessive levels. The UVLO comparator protects the power device during supply power startup and shutdown to prevent operation at voltages less than the minimum input voltage. A gate drive (CB) under-voltage lockout is included to guarantee that there is enough gate drive voltage to drive the MOSFET before the device tries to start switching. The LM2840/1/2 also features a shutdown mode decreasing the supply current to approximately 16 A. SETTING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE The output voltage is set using the feedback pin and a resistor divider connected to the output as shown on the front page schematic. The feedback pin voltage is 0.762V, so the ratio of the feedback resistors sets the output voltage according to the following equation: VOUT=0.765V(1+(R1/R2)) Typically R2 will be given as 100-10 k for a starting value. To solve for R1 given R2 and VOUT use R1=R2((VOUT/0.765V)-1). INPUT CAPACITOR A low ESR ceramic capacitor (CIN) is needed between the VIN pin and GND pin. This capacitor prevents large voltage transients from appearing at the input. Use a 2.2 F-10 F value with X5R or X7R dielectric. Depending on construction, a ceramic capacitor's value can decrease up to 50% of its nominal value when rated voltage is applied. Consult with the capacitor manufacturer's data sheet for information on capacitor derating over voltage and temperature. CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE The LM2840/1/2 contains a current-mode, PWM buck regulator. A buck regulator steps the input voltage down to a lower output voltage. In continuous conduction mode (when the inductor current never reaches zero at steady state), the buck regulator operates in two cycles. The power switch is connected between VIN and SW. In the first cycle of operation the transistor is closed and the diode is reverse biased. Energy is collected in the inductor and the load current is supplied by COUT and the rising current through the inductor. During the second cycle the transistor is open and the diode is forward biased due to the fact that the inductor current cannot instantaneously change direction. The energy stored in the inductor is transferred to the load and output capacitor. The ratio of these two cycles determines the output voltage. The output voltage is defined approximately as: D=VOUT/VIN and D' = (1D) where D is the duty cycle of the switch. D and D' will be required for design calculations. INDUCTOR SELECTION The most critical parameters for the inductor are the inductance, peak current, and the DC resistance. The inductance is related to the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current, the input and the output voltages. A higher value of ripple current reduces inductance, but increases the conductance loss, core loss, and current stress for the inductor and switch devices. It also requires a bigger www.national.com 8 should be selected so the current sourced into the SHDN pin will be greater then the leakage current of the SHDN pin (1.5 A ) when the voltage at SHDN is equal or greater then 2.3V. SHUTDOWN OPERATION The SHDN pin of the LM2840/1/2 is designed so that it may be controlled using 2.3V or higher logic signals. If the shutdown function is not to be used the SHDN pin may be tied to VIN. The maximum voltage to the SHDN pin should not exceed 42V. If the use of a higher voltage is desired due to system or other constraints it may be used, however a 100 k or larger resistor is recommended between the applied voltage and the SHDN pin to protect the device. SCHOTTKY DIODE The breakdown voltage rating of the diode (D1) is preferred to be 25% higher than the maximum input voltage. The current rating for the diode should be equal to the maximum output current for best reliability in most applications. In cases where the input voltage is much greater than the output voltage the average diode current is lower. In this case it is possible to use a diode with a lower average current rating, approximately (1-D)IOUT, however the peak current rating should be higher than the maximum load current. A 0.5A to 1A rated diode is a good starting point. OUTPUT CAPACITOR The selection of COUT is driven by the maximum allowable output voltage ripple. The output ripple in the constant frequency, PWM mode is approximated by: VRIPPLE = IRIPPLE (ESR+(1/(8fSWCOUT))) The ESR term usually plays the dominant role in determining the voltage ripple. Low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended. Capacitors in the range of 22 F-100 F are a good starting point with an ESR of 0.1 or less. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS To reduce problems with conducted noise pick up, the ground side of the feedback network should be connected directly to the GND pin with its own connection. The feedback network, resistors R1 and R2, should be kept close to the FB pin, and away from the inductor to minimize coupling noise into the feedback pin. The input bypass capacitor CIN must be placed close to the VIN pin. This will reduce copper trace resistance which effects input voltage ripple of the IC. The inductor L1 should be placed close to the SW pin to reduce magnetic and electrostatic noise. The output capacitor, COUT should be placed close to the junction of L1 and the diode D1. The L1, D1, and COUT trace should be as short as possible to reduce conducted and radiated noise and increase overall efficiency. The ground connection for the diode, CIN, and COUT should be as small as possible and tied to the system ground plane in only one spot (preferably at the COUT ground point) to minimize conducted noise in the system ground plane. For more detail on switching power supply layout considerations see Application Note AN-1149: Layout Guidelines for Switching Power Supplies. BOOTSTRAP CAPACITOR A 0.15 F ceramic capacitor or larger is recommended for the bootstrap capacitor (CBOOT). For applications where the input voltage is less than twice the output voltage a larger capacitor is recommended, generally 0.15 F to 1 F to ensure plenty of gate drive for the internal switches and a consistently low RDSON. SOFT-START COMPONENTS The LM2840/1/2 has circuitry that is used in conjunction with the SHDN pin to limit the inrush current on start-up of the DC/ DC switching regulator. The SHDN pin in conjunction with a RC filter is used to tailor the soft-start for a specific application. When a voltage applied to the SHDN pin is between 0V and up to 2.3V it will cause the cycle by cycle current limit in the power stage to be modulated for minimum current limit at 0V up to the rated current limit at 2.3V. Thus controlling the output rise time and inrush current at startup. The resistor value 9 www.national.com LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q output capacitor for the same output voltage ripple requirement. A reasonable value is setting the ripple current to be 30% of the DC output current. Since the ripple current increases with the input voltage, the maximum input voltage is always used to determine the inductance. The DC resistance of the inductor is a key parameter for the efficiency. Lower DC resistance is available with a bigger winding area. A good tradeoff between the efficiency and the core size is letting the inductor copper loss equal 2% of the output power. See AN-1197 for more information on selecting inductors. A good starting point for most applications is a 10 H to 22 H with 1.1A or greater current rating for the LM2842 or a 0.7A or greater current rating for the LM2840/41. Using such a rating will enable the LM2840/1/2 to current limit without saturating the inductor. This is preferable to the LM2840/1/2 going into thermal shutdown mode and the possibility of damaging the inductor if the output is shorted to ground or other longterm overload. LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Application Information 30036705 FIGURE 1. Application Circuit, 3.3V Output @ 100 mA Some Recommended Inductors (Others May Be Used) Manufacturer Inductor Contact Information Coilcraft LPS4018, DO1608C, DO3308, and LPO2506 series www.coilcraft.com 800-3222645 MuRata LQH55D and LQH66S series www.murata.com Coiltronics MP2 and MP2A series www.cooperbussman.com Some Recommended Input And Output Capacitors (Others May Be Used) Manufacturer Capacitor Contact Information Vishay Sprague 293D, 592D, and 595D series tantalum www.vishay.com 407-324-4140 Taiyo Yuden High capacitance MLCC ceramic www.t-yuden.com 408-573-4150 Cornell Dubilier ESRD seriec Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic SPV and AFK series V-chip series www.cde.com MuRata High capacitance MLCC ceramic www.murata.com 30036708 FIGURE 2. Application Circuit, 5V Output www.national.com 10 LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q 30036709 FIGURE 3. Application Circuit, 12V Output 30036716 FIGURE 4. Application Circuit, 15V Output 30036717 FIGURE 5. Application Circuit, 0.8V Output 11 www.national.com LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted TSOT 6 Pin Package (MK) For Ordering, Refer to Ordering Information Table NS Package Number MK06A www.national.com 12 www.national.com 13 LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q Notes LM2840/LM2841/LM2842/LM2840Q/LM2841Q/LM2842Q 100 / 300 / 600 mA Input Step-Down DC/ DC Regulator in Thin SOT-23 Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH(R) Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise(R) Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagicTM www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise(R) Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION ("NATIONAL") PRODUCTS. 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