LP2992
LP2992 Micropower 250 mA Low-Noise Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23
and LLP Packages Designed for Use with Very Low ESR Output Capacitors
Designed for Use with Very Low ESR Output Capacitors
Literature Number: SNVS171F
LP2992
July 22, 2010
Micropower 250 mA Low-Noise Ultra Low-Dropout
Regulator in SOT-23 and LLP Packages Designed for Use
with Very Low ESR Output Capacitors
Designed for Use with Very Low ESR Output Capacitors
General Description
The LP2992 is a 250 mA, fixed-output voltage regulator de-
signed to provide ultra low-dropout and low noise in battery
powered applications.
Using an optimized VIP® (Vertically Integrated PNP) process,
the LP2992 delivers unequalled performance in all specifica-
tions critical to battery-powered designs:
Dropout Voltage: Typically 450 mV @ 250 mA load, and
5 mV @ 1 mA load.
Ground Pin Current: Typically 1500 µA @ 250 mA load, and
75 µA @ 1 mA load.
Enhanced Stability: The LP2992 is stable with output ca-
pacitor ESR as low as 5 mΩ, which allows the use of ceramic
capacitors on the output.
Sleep Mode: Less than 1 µA quiescent current when ON/OFF
pin is pulled low.
Smallest Possible Size: SOT-23 and LLP packages use ab-
solute minimum board space.
Precision Output: 1% tolerance output voltages available (A
grade).
Low Noise: By adding a 10 nF bypass capacitor, output noise
can be reduced to 30 µV (typical).
Multiple voltage options, from 1.5V to 5.0V, are available as
standard products. Consult factory for custom voltages.
Features
■Ultra low dropout voltage
■Guaranteed 250 mA output current
■Smallest possible size (SOT-23, LLP package)
■Requires minimum external components
■Stable with low-ESR output capacitor
■<1 µA quiescent current when shut down
■Low ground pin current at all loads
■Output voltage accuracy 1% (A Grade)
■High peak current capability
■Wide supply voltage range (16V max)
■Low ZOUT: 0.3Ω typical (10 Hz to 1 MHz)
■Overtemperature/overcurrent protection
■−40°C to +125°C junction temperature range
■Custom voltages available
Applications
■Cellular Phone
■Palmtop/Laptop Computer
■Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
■Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera
Block Diagram
20029401
VIP® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation 200294 www.national.com
LP2992 Micropower 250 mA Low-Noise Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23 and LLP
Packages Designed for Use with Very Low ESR Output Capacitors Designed for Use with Very
Low ESR Output Capacitors
Basic Application Circuit
20029402
*ON/OFF input must be actively terminated. Tie to VIN if this function is not to be used.
**Minimum capacitance is shown to ensure stability (may be increased without limit). Ceramic capacitor required for output (see Application Hints).
***Reduces output noise (may be omitted if application is not noise critical). Use ceramic or film type with very low leakage current (see Application Hints).
Connection Diagrams
5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5)
20029403
Top View
See NS Package Number MF05A
For ordering information see Table 1
6-Lead LLP Package (LD)
20029446
Top View
See NS Package Number NLDBA006
Outline Drawing LDE06A
www.national.com 2
LP2992
Ordering Information
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information
Output Voltage (V) Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as:
5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5)
1.5 A LP2992AIM5X-1.5 LFBA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.5 A LP2992AIM5-1.5 LFBA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.5 STD LP2992IM5X-1.5 LFBB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.5 STD LP2992IM5-1.5 LFBB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 A LP2992AIM5X-1.8 LFCA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 A LP2992AIM5-1.8 LFCA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 STD LP2992IM5X-1.8 LFCB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 STD LP2992IM5-1.8 LFCB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 A LP2992AIM5X-2.5 LFDA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 A LP2992AIM5-2.5 LFDA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 STD LP2992IM5X-2.5 LFDB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 STD LP2992IM5-2.5 LFDB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0 A LP2992AIM5X-3.0 LF8A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0 A LP2992AIM5-3.0 LF8A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0 STD LP2992IM5X-3.0 LF8B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0 STD LP2992IM5-3.0 LF8B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 A LP2992AIM5X-3.3 LFEA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 A LP2992AIM5-3.3 LFEA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 STD LP2992IM5X-3.3 LFEB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 STD LP2992IM5-3.3 LFEB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 A LP2992AIM5X-5.0 LFFA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 A LP2992AIM5-5.0 LFFA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 STD LP2992IM5X-5.0 LFFB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 STD LP2992IM5-5.0 LFFB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
6-Lead LLP Package (LDE06A)
1.5 A LP2992AILDX-1.5 L011A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
1.5 A LP2992AILD-1.5 L011A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.5 STD LP2992ILDX-1.5 L011AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
1.5 STD LP2992ILD-1.5 L011AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 A LP2992AILDX-1.8 L012A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 A LP2992AILD-1.8 L012A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 STD LP2992ILDX-1.8 L012AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
1.8 STD LP2992ILD-1.8 L012AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 A LP2992AILDX-2.5 L013A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 A LP2992AILD-2.5 L013A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 STD LP2992ILDX-2.5 L013AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5 STD LP2992ILD-2.5 L013AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 A LP2992AILDX-3.3 L014A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 A LP2992AILD-3.3 L014A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 STD LP2992ILDX-3.3 L014AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3 STD LP2992ILD-3.3 L014AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 A LP2992AILDX-5.0 L015A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 A LP2992AILD-5.0 L015A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 STD LP2992ILDX-5.0 L015AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0 STD LP2992ILD-5.0 L015AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3 www.national.com
LP2992
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Operating Junction Temperature
Range −40°C to +125°C
Lead Temp. (Soldering, 5 sec.) 260°C
ESD Rating (Note 2) 2 kV
Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited
Input Supply Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V
Input Supply Voltage (Operating) 2.2V to +16V
Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V
Output Voltage (Survival, (Note 4)) −0.3V to +9V
IOUT (Survival) Short Circuit
Protected
Input-Output Voltage (Survival, −0.3V to +16V
(Note 5))
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C. and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless
otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VON/OFF = 2V.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ
LP2992AI-X.X LP2992I-X.X
Units
(Note 6) (Note 6)
Min Max Min Max
ΔVOOutput Voltage
Tolerance
IL = 1 mA −1.0 1.0 −1.5 1.5
%VNOM
1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 50 mA −1.5 1.5 −2.5 2.5
−2.5 2.5 −3.5 3.5
1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 250 mA −3.5 3.5 −4.0 4.0
−4.5 4.5 −5.0 5.0
Output Voltage VO(NOM)+1V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V 0.007 0.014 0.014
%/V
Line Regulation 0.032 0.032
VIN(min) Minimum input voltage
required to maintain
outpout regulation
2.05 2.20 2.20 V
VIN–VODropout Voltage
(Note 7)
IL = 0 0.5 2.5 2.5
mV
4 4
IL = 1 mA 5 9 9
12 12
IL = 50 mA 100 125 125
180 180
IL = 150 mA 260 325 325
470 470
IL = 250 mA 450 575 575
850 850
IGND Ground Pin Current IL = 0 65 95 95
µA
125 125
IL = 1 mA 75 110 110
170 170
IL = 50 mA 350 600 600
1000 1000
IL = 150 mA 850 1500 1500
2500 2500
IL = 250 mA 1500 2300 2300
4000 4000
VON/OFF < 0.3V 0.01 0.8 0.8
VON/OFF < 0.15V 0.05 2 2
VON/OFF ON/OFF Input Voltage
(Note 8)
High = O/P ON 1.4 1.6 1.6 V
Low = O/P OFF 0.55 0.15 0.15
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LP2992
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ
LP2992AI-X.X LP2992I-X.X
Units
(Note 6) (Note 6)
Min Max Min Max
ION/OFF ON/OFF Input Current VON/OFF = 0 0.01 −2 −2 µA
VON/OFF = 5V 5 15 15
enOutput Noise BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz,
Voltage (RMS) COUT = 10 µF 30 µV
CBYPASS = 10 nF
Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz, CBYPASS = 10 nF
45
dB
COUT = 10 µF
IO(SC) Short Circuit Current RL = 0 (Steady State) 400 mA
(Note 9)
IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT ≥ Vo(NOM) −5% 350 mA
Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating
the device outside of its rated operating conditions.
Note 2: The ESD rating of pins 3 and 4 for the SOT-23 package, or pins 1 and 3 for the LLP package, is 1 kV.
Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJ-
A, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperture is calculated using:
Where the value of θJ-A for the SOT-23 package is 220°C/W in a typical PC board mounting and the LLP package is 65°C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable
dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown.
Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2992 output must be diode-clamped to ground.
Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN to VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VIN to VOUT
will turn on this diode.
Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality
Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 7: VIN must be the greater of 2.2V or VOUT(nom) + Dropout Voltage to maintain output regulation. Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential
at which the output voltage drops 2% below the value measured with a 1V differential.
Note 8: The ON/OFF input must be properly driven to prevent possible misoperation. For details, refer to Application Hints.
Note 9: The LP2992 has foldback current limiting which allows a high peak current when VOUT > 0.5V, and then reduces the maximum output current as VOUT is
forced to ground (see Typical Performance Characteristics curves).
5 www.national.com
LP2992
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1µF, COUT = 4.7µF, VIN = VOUT
(NOM) +1, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to VIN.
VOUT vs Temperature
20029408
Short-Circuit Current
20029409
Short-Circuit Current
20029410
Short Circuit Current vs Output Voltage
20029411
Ripple Rejection
20029413
Ripple Rejection
20029414
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LP2992
Ripple Rejection
20029415
Ripple Rejection
20029416
Ripple Rejection
20029417
Ripple Rejection
20029418
Ripple Rejection
20029419
Ripple Rejection
20029423
7 www.national.com
LP2992
Ripple Rejection
20029422
Output Impedance vs Frequency
20029420
Output Impedance vs Frequency
20029421
Output Noise Density
20029424
Output Noise Density
20029425
GND Pin vs Load Current
20029426
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LP2992
Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
20029427
Input Current vs Pin
20029429
Ignd vs Load and Temperature
20029430
Instantaneous Short Circuit Current
20029431
Load Transient Response
20029433
Load Transient Response
20029434
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LP2992
Load Transient Response
20029447
Line Transient Response
20029435
Line Transient Response
20029436
Line Transient Response
20029437
Line Transient Response
20029438
Turn-On Time
20029439
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LP2992
Turn-On Time
20029440
Turn-On Time
20029441
Turn-On Time
20029442
11 www.national.com
LP2992
Application Hints
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS
Like any low-dropout regulator, the LP2992 requires external
capacitors for regulator stability. These capacitors must be
correctly selected for good performance.
Input Capacitor
An input capacitor whose capacitance is ≥ 1 µF is required
between the LP2992 input and ground (the amount of capac-
itance may be increased without limit).
This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 1
cm from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground.
Any good quality ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor may be
used at the input.
Important: Tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic fail-
ure due to surge current when connected to a low-impedance
source of power (like a battery or very large capacitor). If a
Tantalum capacitor is used at the input, it must be guaranteed
by the manufacturer to have a surge current rating sufficient
for the application.
There are no requirements for ESR on the input capacitor, but
tolerance and temperature coefficient must be considered
when selecting the capacitor to ensure the capacitance will
be ≥ 1 µF over the entire operating temperature range.
Output Capacitor:
The LP2992 is designed specifically to work with ceramic out-
put capacitors, utilizing circuitry which allows the regulator to
be stable across the entire range of output current with an
output capacitor whose ESR is as low as 5 mΩ. It may also
be possible to use Tantalum or film capacitors at the output,
but these are not as attractive for reasons of size and cost
(see next section Capacitor Characteristics).
The output capacitor must meet the requirement for minimum
amount of capacitance and also have an ESR (equivalent se-
ries resistance) value which is within the stable range. Curves
are provided which show the stable ESR range as a function
of load current (see ESR graph below).
20029407
Important: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR within
the stable region over the full operating temperature range of
the application to assure stability.
The LP2992 requires a minimum of 4.7 µF on the output (out-
put capacitor size can be increased without limit).
It is important to remember that capacitor tolerance and vari-
ation with temperature must be taken into consideration when
selecting an output capacitor so that the minimum required
amount of output capacitance is provided over the full oper-
ating temperature range. It should be noted that ceramic
capacitors can exhibit large changes in capacitance with tem-
perature (see next section, Capacitor Characteristics).
The output capacitor must be located not more than 1 cm from
the output pin and returned to a clean analog ground.
Noise Bypass Capacitor:
Connecting a 10 nF capacitor to the Bypass pin significantly
reduces noise on the regulator output. It should be noted that
the capacitor is connected directly to a high-impedance circuit
in the bandgap reference.
Because this circuit has only a few microamperes flowing in
it, any significant loading on this node will cause a change in
the regulated output voltage. For this reason, DC leakage
current through the noise bypass capacitor must never ex-
ceed 100 nA, and should be kept as low as possible for best
output voltage accuracy.
The types of capacitors best suited for the noise bypass ca-
pacitor are ceramic and film. High-quality ceramic capacitors
with either NPO or COG dielectric typically have very low
leakage. 10 nF polypropolene and polycarbonate film capac-
itors are available in small surface-mount packages and typ-
ically have extremely low leakage current.
CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS
The LP2992 was designed to work with ceramic capacitors
on the output to take advantage of the benefits they offer: for
capacitance values in the 2.2 µF to 10 µF range, ceramics are
the least expensive and also have the lowest ESR values
(which makes them best for eliminating high-frequency
noise). The ESR of a typical 4.7 µF ceramic capacitor is in the
range of 5 mΩ to 10 mΩ, which easily meets the ESR limits
required for stability by the LP2992.
One disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that their capaci-
tance can vary with temperature. Most large value ceramic
capacitors (≥ 2.2 µF) are manufactured with the Z5U or Y5V
temperature characteristic, which results in the capacitance
dropping by more than 50% as the temperature goes from 25°
C to 85°C.
This could cause problems if a 4.7 µF capacitor were used on
the output since it will drop down to approximately 2.3 µF at
high ambient temperatures (which could cause the LP2992 to
oscillate). If Z5U or Y5V capacitors are used on the output, a
minimum capacitance value of 10 µF must be observed.
A better choice for temperature coefficient in ceramic capac-
itors is X7R, which holds the capacitance within ±15%. Un-
fortunately, the larger values of capacitance are not offered
by all manufacturers in the X7R dielectric.
Tantalum:
Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramics for use
as output capacitors because they are more expensive when
comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the
1 µF to 4.7 µF range.
Another important consideration is that Tantalum capacitors
have higher ESR values than equivalent size ceramics. This
means that while it may be possible to find a Tantalum ca-
pacitor with an ESR value within the stable range, it would
have to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and
more costly) than a ceramic capacitor with the same ESR
value.
It should also be noted that the ESR of a typical Tantalum will
increase about 2:1 as the temperature goes from 25°C down
to −40°C, so some guard band must be allowed.
www.national.com 12
LP2992
ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION
The LP2992 is shut off by driving the ON/OFF input low, and
turned on by pulling it high. If this feature is not to be used,
the ON/OFF input should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator
output on at all times.
To assure proper operation, the signal source used to drive
the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and below the
specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds listed in the Elec-
trical Characteristics section under VON/OFF. To prevent mis-
operation, the turn-on (and turn-off) voltage signals applied to
the ON/OFF input must have a slew rate which is
≥ 40 mV/µs.
Caution: the regulator output voltage can not be guaranteed
if a slow-moving AC (or DC) signal is applied that is in the
range between the specified turn-on and turn-off voltages list-
ed under the electrical specification VON/OFF (see Electrical
Characteristics).
REVERSE INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE
The PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the
LP2992 has an inherent diode connected between the regu-
lator output and input. During normal operation (where the
input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is reverse-
biased.
However, if the output is pulled above the input, this diode will
turn ON and current will flow into the regulator output. In such
cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which will allow a high cur-
rent to flow into VIN (and out the ground pin), which can
damage the part.
In any application where the output may be pulled above the
input, an external Schottky diode must be connected from
VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT), to limit the re-
verse voltage across the LP2992 to 0.3V (see Absolute Max-
imum Ratings).
LLP MOUNTING
The LLP package requires specific mounting techniques
which are detailed in National Semiconductor Application
Note # 1187. Referring to the section PCB Design Recom-
mendations, it should be noted that the pad style which
should be used with the LLP package is the NSMD (non-sol-
der mask defined) type.
The thermal dissipation of the LLP package is directly related
to the printed circuit board construction and the amount of
additional copper area.
For the LP2992 in the LDE06A 6-Lead LLP package, the
junction-to-case thermal rating, θJC, is 19°C/W, where the
case is actually the bottom of the package at the center of the
DAP. The junction-to-ambient thermal performance for the
LP2992 in the LDE06A 6-Lead LLP package, using the
JEDEC standards is summarized in the following table:
Board
Type
Thermal
Vias θJC θJA
JEDEC
2–Layer None 19°C/W 282°C/W
JEDEC
4–Layer
1 19°C/W 94°C/W
2 19°C/W 78°C/W
4 19°C/W 66°C/W
6 19°C/W 62°C/W
13 www.national.com
LP2992
15 www.national.com
LP2992
Notes
LP2992 Micropower 250 mA Low-Noise Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23 and LLP
Packages Designed for Use with Very Low ESR Output Capacitors Designed for Use with Very
Low ESR Output Capacitors
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