W3E16M72SR-XBX
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The 128MB DDR SDRAM operates from a differential clock (CK and
CK#); the crossing of CK going HIGH and CK# going LOW will
be referred to as the positive edge of CK. Commands (address
and control signals) are registered at every positive edge of CK.
Input data is registered on both edges of DQS, and output data is
referenced to both edges of DQS, as well as to both edges of CK.
Read and write accesses to the DDR SDRAM are burst oriented;
accesses start at a selected location and continue for a programmed
number of locations in a programmed sequence. Accesses begin
with the registration of an ACTIVE command, which is then followed
by a READ or WRITE command. The address bits registered
coincident with the ACTIVE command are used to select the bank
and row to be accessed. The address bits registered coincident
with the READ or WRITE command are used to select the bank
and the starting column location for the burst access.
The DDR SDRAM provides for programmable READ or WRITE
burst lengths of 2, 4, or 8 locations. An auto precharge function may
be enabled to provide a self-timed row precharge that is initiated
at the end of the burst access.
The pipelined, multibank architecture of DDR SDRAMs allows for
concurrent operation, thereby providing high effective bandwidth
by hiding row precharge and activation time.
An auto refresh mode is provided, along with a power-saving
power-down mode.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Read and write accesses to the DDR SDRAM are burst
oriented; accesses start at a selected location and continue for
a programmed number of locations in a programmed sequence.
Accesses begin with the registration of an ACTIVE command which
is then followed by a READ or WRITE command. The address
bits registered coincident with the ACTIVE command are used to
select the bank and row to be accessed (BA0 and BA1 select the
bank, A0-12 select the row). The address bits registered coincident
with the READ or WRITE command are used to select the starting
column location for the burst access.
Prior to normal operation, the SDRAM must be initialized. The
following sections provide detailed information covering device
initialization, register defi nition, command descriptions and device
operation.
INITIALIZATION
DDR SDRAMs must be powered up and initialized in a predefi ned
manner. Operational procedures other than those specifi ed may
result in undefi ned operation. Power must fi rst be applied to VCC
and VCCQ simultaneously, and then to VREF (and to the system
VTT). VTT must be applied after VCCQ to avoid device latch-up,
which may cause permanent damage to the device. VREF can
be applied any time after VCCQ but is expected to be nominally
coincident with VTT. Except for CKE, inputs are not recognized as
valid until after VREF is applied. CKE is an SSTL_2 input but will
detect an LVCMOS LOW level after VCC is applied. Maintaining
an LVCMOS LOW level on CKE during power-up is required to
ensure that the DQ and DQS outputs will be in the High-Z state,
where they will remain until driven in normal operation (by a read
access). After all power supply and reference voltages are stable,
and the clock is stable, the DDR SDRAM requires a 200μs delay
prior to applying an executable command.
Once the 200μs delay has been satisfi ed, a DESELECT or NOP
command should be applied, and CKE should be brought HIGH.
Following the NOP command, a PRECHARGE ALL command
should be applied. Next a LOAD MODE REGISTER command
should be issued for the extended mode register (BA1 LOW and
BA0 HIGH) to enable the DLL, followed by another LOAD MODE
REGISTER command to the mode register (BA0/BA1 both LOW)
to reset the DLL and to program the operating parameters. Two-
hundred clock cycles are required between the DLL reset and any
READ command. A PRECHARGE ALL command should then be
applied, placing the device in the all banks idle state.
Once in the idle state, two AUTO REFRESH cycles must be
performed (tRFC must be satisfi ed.) Additionally, a LOAD MODE
REGISTER command for the mode register with the reset DLL
bit deactivated (i.e., to program operating parameters without
resetting the DLL) is required. Following these requirements, the
DDR SDRAM is ready for normal operation.
REGISTER DEFINITION
MODE REGISTER
The Mode Register is used to defi ne the specifi c mode of operation
of the DDR SDRAM. This defi nition includes the selection of a
burst length, a burst type, a CAS latency, and an operating mode,
as shown in Figure 3. The Mode Register is programmed via the
MODE REGISTER SET command (with BA0 = 0 and BA1 = 0)
and will retain the stored information until it is programmed again
or the device loses power. (Except for bit A8 which is self clearing).
Reprogramming the mode register will not alter the contents of the
memory, provided it is performed correctly. The Mode Register
must be loaded (reloaded) when all banks are idle and no bursts
are in progress, and the controller must wait the specifi ed time
before initiating the subsequent operation. Violating either of these
requirements will result in unspecifi ed operation.
Mode register bits A0-A2 specify the burst length, A3 specifi es the
type of burst (sequential or interleaved), A4-A6 specify the CAS
latency, and A7-A12 specify the operating mode.
BURST LENGTH
Read and write accesses to the DDR SDRAM are burst oriented,
with the burst length being programmable, as shown in Figure
3. The burst length determines the maximum number of column
locations that can be accessed for a given READ or WRITE
command. Burst lengths of 2, 4 or 8 locations are available for
both the sequential and the interleaved burst types.
Reserved states should not be used, as unknown operation or
incompatibility with future versions may result.
When a READ or WRITE command is issued, a block of columns
equal to the burst length is effectively selected. All accesses for
that burst take place within this block, meaning that the burst will
wrap within the block if a boundary is reached. The block is uniquely
selected by A1-Ai when the burst length is set to two; by A2-Ai