19-5543; Rev 3; 6/11 TION KIT EVALUA BLE AVAILA High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator The MAX9611/MAX9612 are high-side current-sense amplifiers with an integrated 12-bit ADC and a gain block that can be configured either as an op amp or comparator, making these devices ideal for a number of industrial and automotive applications. The high-side, current-sense amplifiers operate over a wide 0V to 60V input common-mode voltage range. The programmable full-scale voltage (440mV, 110mV, and 55mV) of these amplifiers offers wide dynamic range, accurate current measurement, and application flexibility in choosing sense resistor values. A choice of either an internal op amp or a comparator is provided to the user. The internal amplifier can be used to limit the inrush current or to create a current source in a closed-loop system. The comparator can be used to monitor fault events for fast response. An I2C controlled 12-bit, 500sps analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be used to read the voltage across the sense resistor (VSENSE), the input common-mode voltage (VRSCM), op-amp/comparator output (VOUT), op-amp/ comparator reference voltage (VSET), and internal die temperature. The I2C bus is compatible with 1.8V and 3.3V logic, allowing modern microcontrollers to interface to it. The MAX9611 features a noninverting input-to-output configuration while the MAX9612 features an inverting input-to-output configuration. The MAX9611/MAX9612 operate with a 2.7V to 5.5V supply voltage range, are fully specified over the -40NC to +125NC automotive temperature range, and are available in a 3mm x 5mm, 10-pin FMAXM package. Features S 0V to +60V Input Common-Mode Voltage Range S 2.7V to 5.5V Power-Supply Range, Compatible with 1.8V and 3.3V Logic S 5A Software Shutdown Current S Integrated 12-Bit ADC S 13V Current-Sense ADC Resolution S 500V (max) Current-Sense ADC Input Offset Voltage S 0.5% (max) Current-Sense ADC Gain Error S I2C Bus with 16 Addresses S Small, 3mm x 5mm 10-Pin MAX Package S -40NC to +125NC Operating Temperature Range Ordering Information/ Selector Guide PART OUTPUT MAX9611AUB+ Noninverting 10 FMAX MAX9612AUB+ Inverting 10 FMAX Note: All devices operate over the -40NC to +125NC temperature range. +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. Typical Application Circuit RS+ VIN Server Backplanes Base-Station PA Control RSENSE 0V TO 60V Applications Hybrid Automotive Power Supplies PIN-PACKAGE RS- LOAD A0 VCC 0.1F A1 Base-Station Feeder Cable Bias-T Telecom Cards OUT Battery-Operated Equipment SET MAX9611 MAX9612 C SCL SCL SDA SDA 1.8V LOGIC GND FMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Functional Diagrams appear at end of data sheet. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX9611/MAX9612 General Description MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCC to GND..............................................................-0.3V to +6V RS+, RS-, OUT to GND..........................................-0.3V to +65V Differential Input Voltage, RS+ - RS-.................................. Q65V All Other Pins to GND..............................................-0.3V to +6V OUT Short-Circuit to GND..........................................Continuous Continuous Current into Any Pin...................................... Q20mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) 10-Pin FMAX (derate 8.8mW/NC above +70NC)...........707mW FMAX Package Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (BJA) (Note 1).............................113NC/W Operating Temperature Range......................... -40NC to +125NC Junction Temperature......................................................+150NC Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +150NC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal consideration, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = VRS- = +12V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 60 V 0.045 0.5 0.045 0.5 CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER DC CHARACTERISTICS Input Common-Mode Range Guaranteed by CMRR TA = +25NC, gain = 8x 0 2 TA = -40NC to +125NC, gain = 8x Input Offset Voltage ADC Path (Note 3) VOS TA = +25NC, gain = 4x 2 TA = -40NC to +125NC, gain = 4x TA = +25NC, gain = 1x 0.1 0.1 2.5 TA = -40NC to +125NC, gain = 8x GE TA = +25NC, gain = 4x 0.4 1.7 % 3.1 TA = -40NC to +125NC, gain = 4x TA = +25NC, gain = 1x 0.5 1.8 TA = -40NC to + 85NC, gain = 8x Gain Error (Note 3) 0.8 2.6 TA = -40NC to +125NC, gain = 1x TA = +25NC, gain = 8x mV 1 4 4.7 TA = -40NC to +125NC, gain = 1x Differential Input Resistance RINDM 300 kI Common-Mode Input Resistance RINCM 12 MI Input Bias Current Input Offset Current (Note 4) IRS+, IRS(IRS+) - (IRS-) TA = +25NC 1 5 TA = -40NC to +125NC TA = +25NC 2 3 TA = -40NC to +125NC 2_______________________________________________________________________________________ 6 6 FA nA High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = VRS- = +12V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS VRS- = 0V to 60V, TA = +25NC Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VRS- = 0V to 60V, TA = -40NC to +125NC Power-Supply Rejection Ratio Full-Scale Sense Voltage LSB Step Size PSRR FS LSB VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V Used in gain error measurement MIN TYP Gain = 8x, VSENSE = 50mV 106 120 Gain = 4x, VSENSE = 100mV 106 120 Gain = 1x, VSENSE =400mV 100 120 Gain 8x, VSENSE = 50mV 94 Gain 4x, VSENSE = 100mV 94 Gain 1x, VSENSE = 400mV 84 Gain = 8x, VSENSE = 50mV 57 72 Gain = 4x, VSENSE = 100mV 56 67 Gain = 1x, VSENSE = 400mV 48 57 MAX UNITS dB Gain = 8x 55 Gain = 4x 110 Gain = 1x 440 Gain = 8x 13.44 Gain = 4x 26.88 Gain = 1x 107.50 dB mV FV ANALOG PATH, CSA + AMPLIFIER/COMPARATOR Input Offset Voltage SET Input Bias Current VOS TA = +25NC IB BW Gain Bandwidth Gain = 1x, RS- = 11.6V GBW Propagation Delay tPD Internal Hysteresis VHYS In comparator mode, 10mV overdrive In comparator mode, nonlatching 4 MHz 2.5 MHz 1.5 Fs 8 mV VOUT = 4V 15 VOUT = 36V 1.7 ISINK = 8mA, TA = -40C to +85C ISINK = 8mA, TA = -40NC to +125NC nA V Output Leakage Current VOL 50 mV 1.126 Output Sink Current Output Voltage Low 4 10 1 Maximum SET Input Voltage Range Signal Bandwidth 0.350 TA = -40NC to +125NC mA 3 1 0.5 1.5 FA V _______________________________________________________________________________________3 MAX9611/MAX9612 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = VRS- = +12V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS OUT VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT (VOUT) Full-Scale Input Voltage LSB Step Size LSB Gain Error GE Input Offset Voltage VOSOUT VRSCM = (VRS+ - VRS-)/2 57.3 14 0.8 TA = +25NC V mV 6 7 TA = -40NC to +125C 14 TA = +25NC 110 160 TA = -40NC to +125NC % mV COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT (VRSCM) Full-Scale Input Voltage LSB Step Size LSB Gain Error GE Input Offset Voltage VOSOUT VRSCM = (VRS+ - VRS-)/2 57.3 V 14 mV 0.3 TA = +25NC 6 7 TA = -40NC to +125C 14 TA = +25NC 80 160 TA = -40NC to +125NC % mV SET VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT (VSET) Full-Scale Input Voltage 1.10 LSB Step Size 268 Gain Error Input Offset Voltage V GE VOSOUT VRSCM = (VRS+ - VRS-)/2 0.2 TA = +25NC FV 5 6 TA = -40NC to +125C 0.3 TA = +25NC 10 14 TA = -40NC to +125NC % mV Integral Nonlinearity INL 1 LSB Differential Nonlinearity DNL 0.2 LSB 0.48 NC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Accuracy Typical Measurement Range -40 LSB Step Size LSB +125 NC 0.48 NC Resolution 12 Bit Conversion Time 2 ms ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER SCL/SDA LOGIC LEVELS Input Voltage Low VIL VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V Input Voltage High VIH VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V Input Hysteresis Input Leakage Current VHYS 0.4 1.45 V V 0.05 x VCC 1 V 200 nA A1/A0 LOGIC LEVELS Logic State 00-01 Threshold 1/4 x VCC V Logic State 01-10 Threshold 1/2 x VCC V Logic State 10-11 Threshold 3/4 x VCC V Input Leakage Current 1 4_______________________________________________________________________________________ 200 nA High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = VRS- = +12V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, TA = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 5.5 V 1.6 2.6 mA 5 10 FA 400 kHz POWER-SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS Power-Supply Input Range VCC Quiescent Current ICC Shutdown Current ISHDN Guaranteed by PSRR 2.7 No activity on SCL I2C TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (COMPATIBLE WITH SMBus) Serial-Clock Frequency Bus Free Time Between a STOP and a START Condition Hold Time, (Repeated) START Condition SCL Clock Low Period fSCL 0 tBUF 1.3 Fs tDH,STA 0.6 Fs tLOW 1.3 Fs tHIGH 0.6 Fs Setup Time for a Repeated START Condition tSU,STA 0.6 Fs Data Hold Time tDH,DAT 0 Data Setup Time tSU,DAT 100 SCL Clock High Period 900 ns SDA/SCL Receiving Rise Time tR (Note 5) 20 + 0.1CB 300 SDA/SCL Receiving Fall Time tF (Note 5) 20 + 0.1CB 300 SDA Transmitting Fall Time tF (Note 5) 20 + 0.1CB 250 STOP Condition Setup Time tSU,STO Bus Capacitance CB Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed tSP Fs 0.6 ns Fs 400 50 pF ns Note 2: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25NC. Temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 3: VOS and gain error of current-sense amplifier extrapolated from from a two-point measurement made at VSENSE = (VRS+ VRS-) = 5mV to 50mV in gain of 8x, 5mV to 100mV in gain of 4x, and 10mV to 400mV in gain of 1x. Note 4: Guaranteed by design. Note 5: CB is in pF. I2C Timing Diagram SDA tSU,STA tSU,DAT tLOW tBUF tHD,STA tHD,DAT tSU,STO tHIGH SCL tHD,STA tR START CONDITION tF REPEATED START CONDITION STOP CONDITION START CONDITION _______________________________________________________________________________________5 MAX9611/MAX9612 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 3.3V, VCM = 12V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) GAIN = 8x 25 8x ADC PATH 600 TA = +125C 500 4 MAX9611 toc02 700 MAX9611 toc01 2 400 VOS (V) 20 15 TA = +85C 300 200 100 10 0 -1 TA = -40C -100 -2 TA = +25C 300 240 180 -4 0 VOFFSET_CSA (V) 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 20 30 40 50 VCM (V) TOTAL OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE ADC PATH GAIN = 8x 100 800 MAX9611 toc04 200 OP-AMP PATH 700 600 VOS (V) 50 0 -50 -100 500 400 -150 300 -200 200 -250 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 2.5 5.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 VCC (V) VCC (V) RS- BIAS CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RS+, RS- OFFSET CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE 5 TA = +85C 4 TA = -40C TA = +125C 2 2.0 IOFFSET (nA) TA = +25C 3 2.5 MAX9611 toc06 2.5 1 5.5 MAX9611 toc07 VOS (V) 10 VCM (V) 150 TA = +125C MAX9611 toc05 120 0 60 -60 -120 -180 -300 -240 -300 CSA OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE IBIAS (mA) TA = +85C -3 -200 0 TA = -40C TA = +25C 1 0 5 ANALOG PATH 3 VOS (mV) 30 TOTAL OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE MAX9611 toc03 MAX9611 CSA OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE CSA HISTOGRAM COUNTS MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 0 10 20 30 VCM (V) 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 VCM (V) 6_______________________________________________________________________________________ 50 60 60 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator TOTAL GAIN ERROR vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE 0 -0.20 0.2 GAIN ERROR (%) 0.20 +85C -0.40 0.05 MAX9611 toc10 -40C +25C 0.40 0.04 0 -0.2 -0.4 0.03 0.02 -0.6 +125C -0.60 0.01 -0.8 -0.80 -1.0 -1.00 20 30 40 50 0 60 10 20 30 40 50 0 60 0 VCM (V) VCM (V) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 SDA SINKING CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2.0 MAX9611 toc11 4.0 3.5 MAX9611 toc12 10 1.7 3.0 2.5 ICC (mA) OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V) 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0 0 5 10 15 2.5 20 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VCC (V) OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA) CSA GAIN vs. FREQUENCY (RS+/RS- TO OUT PATH) OP-AMP GAIN vs. FREQUENCY (SET TO OUT) 15 10 5 MAX9611 toc14 15 MAX9611 toc13 10 5 0 0 GAIN (dB) 0 GAIN (dB) GAIN ERROR (%) 0.60 ANALOG PATH SDA VOL (V) 8x ADC PATH 0.80 0.4 MAX9611 toc08 1.00 SDA/SCL VOL vs. SINKING CURRENT MAX9611 toc09 MAX9611 CSA GAIN ERROR vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE -5 -10 -5 -10 -15 -15 -20 -20 -25 RS+ - RS- = VSENSE + VDC = 200mVP-P + 300mV -30 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1,000 10,000 RS+ - RS- = 220mV VIN = 100mVP-P -25 -30 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 FREQUENCY (kHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________7 MAX9611/MAX9612 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3.3V, VCM = 12V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3.3V, VCM = 12V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) CMRR vs. FREQUENCY CSA ADC PATH CMRR vs. FREQUENCY ANALOG OP-AMP PATH -20 MAX9611 toc17 MAX9611 toc16 VCM = 12V VAC = 10VP-P P-P NOISE (RS+/RS- TO OUT) -70 MAX9611 toc15 0 -75 -80 -40 -60 -80 NOISE (5V/div) -85 CMRR (dB) -90 -95 -100 -105 -100 -110 -120 -115 -140 -120 10 100 1000 0.01 FREQUENCY (kHz) 0.1 1 10 100 1000 INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY vs. DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE (SET INPUT) 1.0 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 -0.3 0.2 DNL (LSB) -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 0 -0.2 -0.9 -0.4 -1.1 -0.6 -1.3 -0.8 -1.5 -1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 DIGITAL CODE DIGITAL CODE ADC NOISE HISTOGRAM ON VSET = 0.5V ADC NOISE HISTOGRAM ON VSENSE = 20mV (GAIN = 8x) 1000 MAX9611 toc20 1000 900 800 900 800 700 600 600 500 500 N 700 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 N MAX9611 toc19 0.3 INL (LSB) DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY vs. DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE (SET INPUT) MAX9611 toc18 0.5 TIME (10s/div) FREQUENCY (kHz) DIGITAL CODE MAX9611 toc21 1 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 CMRR (dB) MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator DIGITAL CODE 8_______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator HOT-SWAP OPERATION WITH p-CHANNEL FET MODE 000 WATCHDOG LATCH RETRY MODE 111 MAX9611 toc24 DTIM = 0, RTIM = 1 VSET = 600mV PULSE WIDTH > 1ms DTIM = 0, RTIM = 0 VSET = 600mV PULSE WIDTH < 1ms VOLTAGE (5V/div) VPULLUP VOLTAGE (5V/div) WATCHDOG LATCH RETRY MODE 111 MAX9611 toc23 MAX9611 toc22 VOUT (UNREGULATED) VOUT (REGULATED) VCSAIN 200mV/div VOUT 5V/div VCSAIN 200mV/div VOUT 5V/div ROUT = 8I TIME (400s/div) TIME (100s/div) WATCHDOG LATCH MODE 111 TIME (4ms/div) WATCHDOG LATCH MODE 111 MAX9611 toc25 MAX9611 toc26 200mV/div VCSAIN VCSAIN VOUT 200mV/div 10V/div 5V/div DTIM = 1, RTIM = 1 VSET = 600mV PULSE WIDTH > 1ms VOUT TIME (100s/div) DTIM = 0, RTIM = 1 VSET = 600mV PULSE WIDTH > 1ms TIME (1ms/div) WATCHDOG LATCH RETRY MODE 111 WATCHDOG LATCH RETRY MODE 111 MAX9611 toc27 DTIM = 0, RTIM = 0 VSET = 600mV PULSE WIDTH > 1ms MAX9611 toc28 VCSAIN DTIM = 0, RTIM = 1 VSET = 600mV PULSE WIDTH > 1ms 200mV/div VCSAIN 200mV/div VOUT 5V/div VOUT TIME (10ms/div) 5V/div TIME (10ms/div) _______________________________________________________________________________________9 MAX9611/MAX9612 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3.3V, VCM = 12V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator MAX9611/MAX9612 Pin Configuration TOP VIEW OUT 1 + 10 VCC RS+ 2 9 A0 RS- 3 8 A1 SET 4 7 SDA GND 5 6 SCL MAX9611 MAX9612 MAX Pin Description PIN NAME 1 OUT Internal Amplifier/Comparator Output FUNCTION 2 RS+ Positive Current-Sensing Input. Power side connects to external sense resistor. 3 RS- Negative Current-Sensing Input. Load side connects to external sense resistor. 4 SET External Set-Point Voltage 5 GND Ground 6 SCL I2C Interface Clock Input 7 SDA I2C Interface Data Input/Output 8 A1 Address Input 1 9 A0 Address Input 0 10 VCC Supply Voltage Input. Bypass VCC to GND with a 0.1FF and a 4.7FF capacitor in parallel. 10 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator RS+ VCC RS- CSA 2.5x OUT OP AMP/ COMP RS+ MAX9611 1x, 4x, 8x A0 DECODER MUX TEMP SET GND RS- VCC CSA 2.5x OUT OP AMP/ COMP I2C REGISTERS SCL SDA MAX9612 1x, 4x, 8x A0 DECODER MUX TEMP SET 12-BIT ADC A1 12-BIT ADC I2C REGISTERS A1 SCL SDA GND NOTE: ANALOG PATH IN BOLD. ______________________________________________________________________________________11 MAX9611/MAX9612 Functional Diagrams MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator Detailed Description The MAX9611/MAX9612 are high-side, current-sense amplifiers with an integrated 12-bit ADC and an internal selectable op amp/comparator. These devices are ideal for a variety of industrial and automotive applications. The MAX9611/MAX9612's high-side, current-sense amplifiers operate over a wide 0V to 60V input common-mode voltage range. The programmable full-scale voltage (440mV, 110mV, and 55mV) allows for a wide dynamic range current measurement and application flexibility in choosing sense resistor values. The I2C bus is 1.8V and 3.3V logic compatible and can interface with modern microcontrollers. An internal 12-bit, 500sps integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) allows the user to read analog signals such as die temperature, VOUT, VSET, VRSCM, and VSENSE. At power-up, the selectable op-amp/comparator block is configured in the op-amp mode. The op amp has an effective 60V Class A-type output stage and can be used to limit inrush currents and create a current source when used in a closed-loop system. When the internal comparator is selected, the MAX9611/MAX9612 can be configured to have a latched and retry functionality, allowing a 60V open-drain transistor output, ideal to operate high-side relay-disconnect FETs. The MAX9611 has a noninverting input-to-output configuration while the MAX9612 has an inverting input-to-output configuration. Current-Sense Amplifier The MAX9611/MAX9612 feature a precision current-sense amplifier with a 0V to 60V input common-mode voltage range. An internal negative charge pump eliminates input stage crossover distortion, typical in most rail-to-rail input current-sense amplifiers. Low input bias currents and low input offset currents allow a wide selection of input filters to be designed without degrading the accuracy of the current-sense amplifier. The current-sense amplifier inputs feature both a -0.3V/+65V common-mode absolute maximum rating as well as a Q65V differential absolute maximum rating, allowing a wide variety of fault conditions to be withstood easily by the device without damage. The current-sense amplifier has a gain of 2.5V/V and connects directly to the output op-amp/comparator inputs. The ADC path features a 1x, 4x, and 8x programmable gain providing for 440mV, 110mV, and 55mV fullscale sense voltage. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) The MAX9611/MAX9612 feature an internal dual-slope integrating 12-bit ADC that has a 2ms conversion time and a 1.8V and 3.3V logic-compatible I2C bus. An internal mux allows the following on chip variables to be read: input sense voltage, input common-mode voltage, SET voltage, OUT voltage, and die temperature. Temperature Measurement Die temperature can be read by the ADC over the entire operating range (-40NC to +125NC) with 0.5NC resolution. Die temperature can be used for application calibration and thermal monitoring and is available in a 9-bit, two's complement format. Readings outside of normal operating temperature range (-40NC to +125NC) are inaccurate and should be considered invalid. See Table 1 for binary and hex values. Table 1. Binary and Hex Digital Output Values for Temperature Measurements TEMPERATURE (NC) DIGITAL OUTPUT BINARY HEX +122.4 0111 1111 1xxx xxxx 7F8x +24 0001 1001 0xxx xxxx 190x +0.48 0000 0000 1xxx xxxx 008x 0 0000 0000 0xxx xxxx 000x -0.48 1111 1111 1xxx xxxx FF8x -24 1110 0111 0xxx xxxx E70x -40 1101 1001 1xxx xxxx D98x 12 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator The SET input can also serve as an auxiliary input port to the ADC, if the op amp or comparator is not utilized in the application. Its full-scale input range extends from 0V to 1.10V. OUT Voltage Measurement The internal amplifier/comparator output voltage can be monitored over the entire 0V to 57.3V range by the ADC. An internal high-value resistor divider on OUT reduces leakage current effects. Common-Mode Voltage Measurement The input common-mode voltage is defined as the average of the voltage at RS+ and RS-. A high value resistordivider allows measurement of the input common-mode voltage over the 0V to 57.3V range. Sense Voltage Measurement Three programmable gains allow for a wide range of currents to be read by the ADC. The current-sense amplifier gain can be set to 1x, 4x, or 8x. The full-scale sense voltages are then 440mV, 110mV, and 55mV, respectively. Output Amplifier/Comparator The MAX9611/MAX9612 feature an internally selectable op amp and comparator where one of the inputs is connected to the 2.5x current-sense amplifier, and the other input is connected to the SET input. The op amp or the comparator output can be selected and connected to OUT. The output stage is an open-drain 60V nFET, that requires a suitable pullup resistor for proper operation. The op amp then behaves like a Class-A output stage. Select op amp or comparator function in Control Register 1 (0x0A) bit 7 (see Tables 4 and 5). Watchdog/Latch/Retry Functionality Internal digital circuitry is used to implement a watchdog feature that can be useful to handle normal application transients that are not true fault conditions. This feature applies both to the op amp and comparator modes of part operation. A watchdog delay time is internally set to 1ms by default but can be changed to 100Fs. The retry delay time is internally set to 50ms by default, but can be changed to 10ms (see Tables 6 and 7). In normal operation mode, (Control Register 1 (0x0A) 000x xxxx), the amplifier output responds to the difference between its inputs, i.e., the CSA output voltage and the SET voltage. In open-loop configuration, the op amp can be used as a comparator. In a watchdog-latch-retry mode (Control Register 1 (0x0A) 111x xxxx), the output of the comparator waits for a watchdog delay time (to ensure the CSA output continues to stay above the SET voltage for this duration) before responding, and then latches onto this state. After a retry delay time, it resets the comparator state and the cycle repeats. Similar functionality is implemented for the op-amp mode as well (Control Register 1 (0x0A) 000x xxxx to 011x xxxx). A RESET bit is defined in Control Register 1 (0x0A) to reset a latched state when commanded by the user. I2C Interface The MAX9611/MAX9612 I2C interface consists of a serial-data line (SDA) and serial-clock line (SCL). SDA and SCL facilitate bidirectional communication between the MAX9611/MAX9612 and the master at rates up to 400kHz. The MAX9611/MAX9612 are slave devices that transfer and receive data. The master (typically a microcontroller) initiates data transfer on the bus and generates the SCL signal to permit that transfer. ______________________________________________________________________________________13 MAX9611/MAX9612 SET Voltage Measurement The SET voltage serves as a reference voltage for the internal op amp or comparator around which a control loop can be designed. The low bias current for SET allows high-impedance resistor-dividers and currentoutput DACs to be used, making it easy to interface without introducing additional errors. MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator Slave Address A bus master initiates communication with a slave device by issuing a START (S) condition followed by a slave address. When idle, the MAX9611/MAX9612 continuously wait for a START condition followed by their slave address. When the MAX9611/MAX9612 recognize a slave address, it is ready to accept or send data. The MAX9611/MAX9612 offer 16 different slave addresses using two address inputs, A1 and A0. See Table 2 for different slave address options. The least significant bit (LSB) of the address byte (R/W) determines whether the master is writing to or reading from the MAX9611/ MAX9612 (R/W = 0 selects a write condition, R/W = 1 selects a read condition). After receiving the address, the MAX9611/MAX9612 (slave) issue an acknowledge by pulling SDA low for one clock cycle. I2C Write Operation A write operation (Figure 1) begins with the bus master issuing a START condition followed by seven address bits and a write bit (R/W = 0). If the address byte is successfully received, the MAX9611/MAX9612 (slave) issue an acknowledge (A). The master then writes to the slave and the sequence is terminated by a STOP (P) condition for a single write operation. For a burst write operation, more data bytes are sent after the register address before the transaction is terminated. Table 2. MAX9611/MAX9612 Address Description A0 DEVICE WRITE ADDRESS (hex) DEVICE READ ADDRESS (hex) 0 0 0xE0 0xE1 0 1/3 x VCC 0xE2 0xE3 0 2/3 x VCC 0xE4 0xE5 0 VCC 0xE6 0xE7 A1 1/3 x VCC 0 0xE8 0xE9 1/3 x VCC 1/3 x VCC 0xEA 0xEB 1/3 x VCC 2/3 x VCC 0xEC 0xED 1/3 x VCC VCC 0xEE 0xEF 2/3 x VCC 0 0xF0 0xF1 2/3 x VCC 1/3 x VCC 0xF2 0xF3 2/3 x VCC 2/3 x VCC 0xF4 0xF5 2/3 x VCC VCC 0xF6 0xF7 VCC 0 0xF8 0xF9 VCC 1/3 x VCC 0xFA 0xFB VCC 2/3 x VCC 0xFC 0xFD VCC VCC 0xFE 0xFF I2C Read Operation In an I2C read operation (Figure 2), the bus master issues a write command first by initiating a START condition followed by seven address bits, a write bit (R/W = 0) and the 8-bit register address. The master then issues a Repeated START (Sr) condition, followed by seven address bits, a read bit (R/W = 1). If the address byte is successfully received, the MAX9611/MAX9612 (slave) issue an acknowledge (A). The master then reads from the slave. For continuous read, the master issues an acknowledge bit (AM) after each received byte. The master terminates the read operation by sending a not acknowledge (NA) bit. The MAX9611/MAX9612 then release the data line SDA allowing the master to generate a STOP condition. SINGLE WRITE ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX9611/MAX9612 S SLAVE ADDRESS A DATA 0 A REGISTER ADDRESS R/W BURST WRITE S A P STOP ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX9611/MAX9612 SLAVE ADDRESS 0 A REGISTER ADDRESS R/W A DATA 1 A DATA 2 A DATA 3 A DATA N A P STOP Figure 1. I2C Write Operation SINGLE READ SLAVE ADDRESS S A Sr BURST READ S REGISTER ADDRESS 0 A R/W SLAVE ADDRESS 1 DATA A R/W ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX9611/MAX9612 R/W SLAVE ADDRESS AM P ACKNOWLEDGE FROM FROM MASTER 0 A SLAVE ADDRESS A Sr REPEAT START AM ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MAX9611/MAX9612 1 REGISTER ADDRESS DATA A R/W DATA AM DATA N NO READ-ACKNOWLEDGE FROM MASTER Figure 2. I2C Read Operation 14 NA P High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator Table 3 lists all the registers, their corresponding POR values and their addresses. The two control registers are read/write registers used to configure the ADC for different modes of operation. Table 3. Internal Register/Addresses REGISTERS POR VALUES (hex) REGISTER ADDRESS (hex) CSA DATA BYTE 1 (MSBs) 0x000 0x00 CSA DATA BYTE 1 (LSBs) 0x000 0x01 RS+ DATA BYTE 1 (MSBs) 0x000 0x02 RS+ DATA BYTE 1 (LSBs) 0x000 0x03 OUT DATA BYTE 1 ( MSBs) 0x000 0x04 OUT DATA BYTE 1 (LSBs) 0x000 0x05 SET DATA BYTE 1 (MSBs) 0x000 0x06 SET DATA BYTE 1 (LSBs) 0x000 0x07 TEMP DATA BYTE 1 (MSBs) 0x800 0x08 TEMP DATA BYTE 1 (LSBs) 0x000 0x09 CONTROL REGISTER 1 0x000 0x0A CONTROL REGISTER 2 0x000 0x0B Data Registers The five 12-bit data registers banks comprise two 8-bit registers for 8 MSBs and 4 LSBs. The 12-bit data is split between the two 8-bit data bytes as seen in Figure 1. They are read-only registers that hold the converted data. Do not issue a STOP command until both bytes are read. Instead use a Repeated START command to read the second byte. Byte 1 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 MSB12 MSB11 MSB10 MSB09 MSB08 MSB07 MSB06 MSB05 Byte 2 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 LSB05 LSB03 LSB02 LSB01 0 0 0 0 Control Register 1 Control Register 1 is an 8-bit write/read register that configures the MAX9611/MAX9612 for different modes of operation. Tables 4 and 5 show the bit location and function for Control Register 1. Table 4. Control Register 1 Bit Location BIT NUMBER 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BIT NAME MODE2 MODE1 MODE0 LR SHDN MUX2 MUX1 MUX0 POR VALUE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ______________________________________________________________________________________15 MAX9611/MAX9612 Registers The MAX9611/MAX9612 include five 12-bit data register banks and two 8-bit control registers. MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator Table 5. Control Register 1 Bit Description BIT BIT NAME 2, 1, 0 MUX2, MUX1, MUX0 3 SHDN 4 LR 7, 6, 5 MODE2, MODE1, MODE0 FUNCTION 000 Channel A: Read current-sense amplifier output from ADC, gain = 1x 001 Channel A: Read current-sense amplifier output from ADC, gain = 4x 010 Channel A: Read current-sense amplifier output from ADC, gain = 8x 011 Channel B: Read average voltage of RS+ (input common-mode voltage) from ADC 100 Channel C: Read voltage of OUT from ADC 101 Channel D: Read voltage of SET from ADC 110 Channel E: Read internal die temperature from ADC 111 Read all channels in fast-read mode, sequentially every 2ms. Uses last gain setting. Power-on state = 0 0 = Normal operation 1 = Shutdown mode 0 = Normal operation 1 = Reset if comparator is latched due to MODE = 111. This bit is automatically reset after a 1 is written. 000 = Normal operation for op amp/comparator 111 = Comparator mode. OUT remains low until CSA output > VSET for 1ms, OUT latches high for 50ms, then OUT autoretries by going low. The comparator has an internal 10mV hysteresis voltage to help with noise immunity. For MAX9612, the polarity is reversed. 011 = Op-amp mode. OUT regulates pFET for 1ms at VSET, OUT latches high for 50ms, then OUT autoretries by going low. For MAX9612, the polarity is reversed. Control Register 2 Control Register 2 is an 8-bit write/read register that provides the different time delay options for asserting the comparator output when monitoring fault events. Tables 6 and 7 show the bit location and function for Control Register 2. Table 6. Control Register 2 BIT NUMBER 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BIT NAME X X X X DTIM RTIM X X POR VALUE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 7. Control Register 2 Bit Descriptions BIT BIT NAME 7, 6, 5, 4 X FUNCTION 3 DTIM Watchdog delay time 0 = 1ms 1 = 100Fs 2 RTIM Watchdog retry delay time 0 = 50ms 1 = 10ms 1, 0 X Set to 0 Set to 0 16 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator Applications Information Inrush Current Limiter The MAX9611 can be used as an inrush current limiter for a number of applications as shown in Figure 3. Note that the sense resistor can be placed on either side of the pFET. Since the input common-mode voltage of the MAX9611 extends to ground, the sense resistor can be placed at the load side as well, allowing current to be sensed even when there is a dead-short on the load. The inrush current limiting circuit reads and measures the load-current during normal operation and can limit the load current to a user-set value. In normal operation, the load current is below the set threshold. The pFET is fully turned on because the op-amp output is at 0V. In the event of an overcurrent situation at the load, the op-amp controls the pFET's gate-voltage so it transitions to a linear region, thus limiting the load current. In this case, the op-amp output voltage is between 0V and VBAT, as required for current-limiting. Choose a suitable sense resistor and a low RDS-on pFET to ensure the best efficiency during normal operation. Choose a pFET with large power dissipation to ensure compliance with safe operating area of the pFET. The MAX9611 comes equipped with a variety of watchdog options to help with this design (see Control Register 2, Table 7). Choose resistor values R1 and R2 to ensure that the pFET is fully on in normal operating conditions and to ensure that the VGS maximum rating is not exceeded. Also, R1 and R2 help limit the current in the open-drain output stage of the internal op amp. RCOMP and CCOMP help roll-off high-frequency gain of the feedback control system. R2 and CCOMP set a pole, for which 10kHz is a good choice. RCOMP and CCOMP set a zero, for which 100kHz is a good choice. With the internal gain of the current-sense amplifier (2.5V/V), the inrush current-limit threshold can be set using resistor-divider R3 and R4 as follows: VCC x R3 =I R2 + R3 ( )(2.5 x R SENSE ) LIMIT Note: The inrush current limiter can be changed to a high-side relay-disconnect circuit by using the MAX9611 set to comparator mode (MODE 111). INRUSH CURRENT LIMITER RSENSE VBAT CCOMP R2 P RS+ 2.7V TO 5.5V RCOMP RSLOAD A0 VCC 0.1F R1 A1 R4 MAX9611 OUT 0.1F R3 SET 1F GND SCL I2C CLOCK INPUT SDA I2C DATA INPUT/OUTPUT (OUTPUT SET TO OP-AMP MODE) Figure 3. Inrush Current Limiter ______________________________________________________________________________________17 MAX9611/MAX9612 Power-On Reset The MAX9611/MAX9612 include power-on reset circuitry that ensures all registers reset to a known state on power-up. Once VCC goes above 2.4V, the POR circuit releases the registers for normal operation. MAX9611/MAX9612 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator Base-Station PA Gain Control When the OUT open-dran transistor is off, the gate voltage of the PA FET is: While the MAX9611 is designed to control high-side pFETs, the MAX9612 can be similarly used to control low-side nFETs. For example the MAX9612 can be used to control the DC bias point of power amplifier LDMOS or GaN nFETs in base-station applications. The circuit shown in Figure 4 also allows the option to apply negative bias voltages to the PA FET, which is required for certain types of transistors for proper operation. = VGATE VCLAMPR1 VNEG (R2 + R3) + R1 + R2 + R3 R1 + R2 + R3 RCOMP and CCOMP connected to the OUT pin compensate the internal amplifier. Choose a corner frequency of 100kHz. In the circuit shown, the nFET is in a linear mode of operation to allow it to amplify high-frequency RF signals, while the MAX9612 sets the DC operating point. The gain of the FET can be varied by changing its drain current. This operating point can be varied by an external DAC voltage that feeds the SET pin. Choose suitable RSENSE as required for the application. The inductor isolates the DC measuring point of current from the high-frequency AC signals through the PA FET, as well as helping with the high-frequency gain. Power-Supply Bypassing and Grounding The MAX9611/MAX9612 share a common ground pin for both the analog and digital on-chip circuitry. It is therefore very important to properly bypass the VCC to GND, and to have a solid low-noise ground plane on the circuit board so as to minimize ground bounce. Bypass VCC to GND with low ESR 0.1FF in parallel with a 4.7FF ceramic capacitors to GND placed as close as possible to the device. VNEG and VCLAMP together with R1, R2, and R3 set the DC bias point limits for the PA transistor. VCLAMP is a suitable positive voltage and VNEG is a suitable negative voltage. When VOUT = 0V, the gate voltage of the PA FET is: VNEG x R2 = VOUT (R1 + R2) Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS BASE-STATION PA GAIN CONTROL 2.7V TO 5.5V RS- RFOUT RS+ A0 VCC CIN VCLAMP A1 R3 MAX9612 R2 N SCL I2C CLOCK INPUT SDA I2C DATA INPUT/OUTPUT SET 10-BIT DAC OUT RCOMP R1 VNEG CCOMP GND RFIN (OUTPUT SET TO OP-AMP MODE) Figure 4. Base-Station PA Gain Control 18 High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 10 FMAX U10+2 21-0061 90-0330 ______________________________________________________________________________________19 MAX9611/MAX9612 Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. High-Side, Current-Sense Amplifiers with 12-Bit ADC and Op Amp/Comparator MAX9611/MAX9612 Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED 0 9/10 Initial release -- 1 11/10 Updated text in Table 5 to add "comparator" to mode 000 for bits 7, 6, 5 16 2 1/11 Relaxed room temperature limits for 4x and 8x gains from 0.3mV to 0.5mv 1, 2 6/11 Updated TYP spec for output current sink in the Electrical Characteristics and TOC 11 3, 7 3 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 20 (c) Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 2011 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.