LM3411AM5X-5.0/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM3411

LM3411 Precision Secondary Regulator/Driver

Literature Number: SNVS113D

LM3411

Precision Secondary Regulator/Driver

General Description

The LM3411 is a low power fixed-voltage (3.3V or 5.0V)

precision shunt regulator designed specifically for driving an

optoisolator to provide feedback isolation in a switching

regulator.

The LM3411 circuitry includes an internally compensated op

amp, a bandgap reference, NPN output transistor, and volt-

age setting resistors.

A trimmed precision bandgap reference with temperature

drift curvature correction, provides a guaranteed 1% preci-

sion over the operating temperature range (A grade version).

The amplifier’s inverting input is externally accessible for

loop frequency compensation when used as part of a larger

servo system. The output is an open-emitter NPN transistor

capable of driving up to 15 mA of load current.

Because of its small die size, the LM3411 has been made

available in the sub-miniature 5-lead SOT23-5 surface

mount package. This package is ideal for use in space

critical applications.

Although its main application is to provide a precision output

voltage (no trimming required) and maintain very good regu-

lation in isolated DC/DC converters, it can also be used with

other types of voltage regulators or power semiconductors to

provide a precision output voltage without precision resistors

or trimming.

Features

nFixed voltages of 3.3V and 5.0V with initial tolerance of

±1% for standard grade and ±0.5% for A grade

nCustom voltages available (3V–17V)

nWide output current range, 20 µA–15 mA

nLow temperature coefficient

nAvailable in 5-lead SOT23-5 surface mount package

(tape and reel)

Applications

nSecondary controller for isolated DC/DC PWM switching

regulators systems

nUse with LDO regulator for high-precision fixed output

regulators

nPrecision monitoring applications

nUse with many types of regulators to increase precision

and improve performance

Typical Application and Functional Diagram

01198701

Basic Isolated DC/DC Converter

01198702

LM3411 Functional Diagram

SIMPLE SWITCHER™is a tradmark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

March 2005

LM3411 Precision Secondary Regulator/Driver

Connection Diagrams and Order

Information

5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5)

01198703

*No internal connection, but should be soldered to PC board for best heat

transfer.

Top View

Actual Size

01198704

For Ordering Information

See Figure 1 in this Data Sheet

See NS Package Number MF05A

Five Lead Surface Mount Package Marking

and Order Information (SOT23-5)

The small SOT23-5 package allows only 4 alphanumeric

characters to identify the product. The table below contains

the field information marked on the package.

The first letter “D” identifies the part as a Driver, the next two

numbers indicate the voltage, “00” for 3.3V part and “01” for

a 5V part. The fourth letter indicates the grade, “B” for

standard grade, “A” for the prime grade.

The SOT23-5 surface mount package is only available on

tape in quantities increments of 250 on tape and reel (indi-

cated by the letters “M5” in the part number), or in quantities

increments of 3000 on tape and reel (indicated by the letters

“M5X” in the part number).

Grade Order Information Package

Marking Supplied as

3.3V A (Prime) LM3411AM5-3.3 D00A 1000 unit increments on tape and reel

3.3V A (Prime) LM3411AM5X-3.3 D00A 3000 unit increments on tape and reel

3.3V B (Standard) LM3411M5-3.3 D00B 1000 unit increments on tape and reel

3.3V B (Standard) LM3411M5X-3.3 D00B 3000 unit increments on tape and reel

5.0V A (Prime) LM3411AM5-5.0 D01A 1000 unit increments on tape and reel

5.0V A (Prime) LM3411AM5X-5.0 D01A 3000 unit increments on tape and reel

5.0V B (Standard) LM3411M5-5.0 D01B 1000 unit increments on tape and reel

5.0V B (Standard) LM3411M5X-5.0 D01B 3000 unit increments on tape and reel

FIGURE 1. SOT23-5 Marking and Order Information

LM3411

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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Input Voltage V(IN) 20V

Output Current 20 mA

Junction Temperature 150˚C

Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C

Lead Temperature

Vapor Phase (60 sec.) +215˚C

Infrared (15 sec.) +220˚C

Power Dissipation (T

= 25˚C) (Note

2) 300 mW

ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)

Human Body Model 1500V

See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on

Product Reliability” for methods on soldering surface-mount

devices.

Operating Ratings (Notes 1, 2)

Ambient Temperature Range −40˚C ≤T

≤+85˚C

Junction Temperature Range −40˚C ≤T

≤+125˚C

Output Current 15 mA

LM3411-3.3 Electrical Characteristics

Specifications with standard type face are for T

= 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-

ture Range. Unless otherwise specified, V(IN) = V

REG

OUT

= 1.5V.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical LM3411A-3.3 LM3411-3.3 Units

(Note 4) Limit Limit (Limits)

(Note 5) (Note 5)

REG

Regulation Voltage I

OUT

= 5 mA 3.3 V

3.317/3.333 3.333/3.366 V(max)

3.284/3.267 3.267/3.234 V(min)

Regulation Voltage I

OUT

=5mA ±0.5/±1±1/±2%(max)

Tolerance

Quiescent Current I

OUT

=5mA 85 µA

110/115 125/150 µA(max)

Transconductance 20 µA ≤I

OUT

≤1 mA 3.3 mA/mV

∆I

OUT

/∆V

REG

1.5/0.75 1/0.50 mA/mV(min)

1mA≤I

OUT

≤15 mA 6.0 mA/mV

3.3/2.0 2.5/1.7 mA/mV(min)

Voltage Gain 1V ≤V

OUT

≤V

REG

− 1.2V (−1.3) 1000 V/V

∆V

OUT

/∆V

REG

= 140Ω(Note 6) 550/250 450/200 V/V(min)

1V ≤V

OUT

≤V

REG

− 1.2V (−1.3) 3500 V/V

=2kΩ1500/900 1000/700 V/V(min)

SAT

Output Saturation V(IN) = V

REG

+100 mV 1.0 V

(Note 7) I

OUT

= 15 mA 1.2/1.3 1.2/1.3 V(max)

Output Leakage V(IN) = V

REG

−100 mV 0.1 µA

Current V

OUT

= 0V 0.5/1.0 0.5/1.0 µA(max)

Internal Feedback 52 kΩ

Resistor (Note 8) 65 65 kΩ(max)

39 39 kΩ(min)

Output Noise I

OUT

= 1 mA, 10 Hz ≤f≤10 kHz 50 µV

RMS

Voltage

LM3411

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LM3411-5.0 Electrical Characteristics

Specifications with standard type face are for T

= 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-

ture Range. Unless otherwise specified, V(IN) = V

REG

OUT

= 1.5V.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical LM3411A-5.0 LM3411-5.0 Units

(Note 4) Limit Limit (Limits)

(Note 5) (Note 5)

REG

Regulation Voltage I

OUT

=5mA 5 V

5.025/5.050 5.050/5.100 V(max)

4.975/4.950 4.950/4.900 V(min)

Regulation Voltage I

OUT

=5mA ±0.5/±1±1/±2%(max)

Tolerance

Quiescent Current I

OUT

=5mA 85 µA

110/115 125/150 µA(max)

Transconductance 20 µA ≤I

OUT

≤1 mA 3.3 mA/mV

∆I

OUT

/∆V

REG

1.5/0.75 1.0/0.5 mA/mV(min)

1mA≤I

OUT

≤15 mA 6.0 mA/mV

3.3/2.0 2.5/1.7 mA/mV(min)

Voltage Gain 1V ≤V

OUT

≤V

REG

− 1.2V (−1.3) 1000 V/V

∆V

OUT

/∆V

REG

= 250Ω(Note 6) 750/350 650/300 V/V(min)

1V ≤V

OUT

≤V

REG

− 1.2V (−1.3) 3500 V/V

=2kΩ1500/900 1000/700 V/V(min)

SAT

Output Saturation V(IN) = V

REG

+100 mV 1.0 V

(Note 7) I

OUT

= 15 mA 1.2/1.3 1.2/1.3 V(max)

Output Leakage V(IN) = V

REG

−100 mV 0.1 µA

Current V

OUT

= 0V 0.5/1.0 0.5/1.0 µA(max)

Internal Feedback 94 kΩ

Resistor (Note 8) 118 118 kΩ(max)

70 70 kΩ(min)

Output Noise I

OUT

= 1 mA, 10 Hz ≤f≤10 kHz 80 µV

RMS

Voltage

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The

guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed

test conditions.

Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), θJA (junction to

ambient thermal resistance), and TA(ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is (PDmax =T

Jmax −T

A)/θJA or the

number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. The typical thermal resistance (θJA) when soldered to a printed circuit board is approximately

306˚C/W for the M5 package.

Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩresistor into each pin.

Note 4: Typical numbers are at 25˚C and represent the most likely parametric norm.

Note 5: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control

(SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s Averaging Outgoing Level (AOQL).

Note 6: Actual test is done using equivalent current sink instead of a resistor load.

Note 7: VSAT = V(IN) − VOUT, when the voltage at the IN pin is forced 100 mV above the nominal regulating voltage (VREG).

Note 8: See Applications and Curves sections for information on this resistor.

LM3411

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Typical Performance Characteristics

Normalized

Temperature Drift Quiescent Current

01198730 01198731

Output Saturation

Voltage (V)

SAT

Circuit Used for Bode Plots

01198732

01198708

Bode Plot Bode Plot

01198733 01198734

LM3411

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Bold Plot

Response Time

for 3.3V Version

= 0 pF)

01198744

01198735

Response Time

for 3.3V Version

= 10 nF) Circuit Used for Response Time

01198736

01198711

Response Time

for 5V Version

= 0 pF)

Response Time

for 5V Version

=10nF)

01198737 01198738

LM3411

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Tempco of Internal

Feedback Resistor (Rf)

Regulation Voltage

Change vs

Output Current

01198739 01198740

Regulation Voltage vs

Output Voltage and

Load Resistance

Regulation Voltage vs

Output Voltage and

Load Resistance

01198741 01198742

LM3411

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Product Description

The LM3411 is a shunt regulator specifically designed to be

the reference and control section in an overall feedback loop

of a regulated power supply. The regulated output voltage is

sensed between the IN pin and GROUND pin of the LM3411.

If the voltage at the IN pin is less than the LM3411 regulating

voltage (V

REG

), the OUT pin sources no current. As the

voltage at the IN pin approaches the V

REG

voltage, the OUT

pin begins sourcing current. This current is then used to

drive a feedback device, (opto-coupler) or a power device,

(linear regulator, switching regulator, etc.) which servos the

output voltage to be the same value as V

REG

In some applications, (even under normal operating condi-

tions) the voltage on the IN pin can be forced above the

REG

voltage. In these instances, the maximum voltage

applied to the IN pin should not exceed 20V. In addition, an

external resistor may be required on the OUT pin to limit the

maximum current to 20 mA.

Compensation

The inverting input of the error amplifier is brought out to

allow overall closed-loop compensation. In many of the ap-

plications circuits shown here, compensation is provided by

a single capacitor connected from the compensation pin to

the out pin of the LM3411. The capacitor values shown in the

schematics are adequate under most conditions, but they

can be increased or decreased depending on the desired

loop response. Applying a load pulse to the output of a

regulator circuit and observing the resultant output voltage

response is a easy method of determining the stability of the

control loop. Analyzing more complex feedback loops re-

quires additional information.

The formula for AC gain at a frequency (f) is as follows;

where R

≈52 kΩfor the 3.3V part, and R

≈94 kΩfor the 5V

part.

The resistor (R

) in the formula is an internal resistor located

on the die. Since this resistor value will affect the phase

margin, the worst case maximum and minimum values are

important when analyzing closed loop stability. The minimum

and maximum room temperature values of this resistor are

specified in the Electrical Characteristics section of this data

sheet, and a curve showing the temperature coefficient is

shown in the curves section. In the applications shown here,

the worst case phase margin occurs with minimum values of

Test Circuit

The test circuit shown in Figure 2 can be used to measure

and verify various LM3411 parameters. Test conditions are

set by forcing the appropriate voltage at the V

OUT

Set test

point and selecting the appropriate R

or I

OUT

as specified in

the Electrical Characteristics section. Use a DVM at the

“measure” test points to read the data.

01198714

FIGURE 2. LM3411 Test Circuit

LM3411

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Applications Information

The LM3411 regulator/driver provides the reference and

feedback drive functions in a regulated power supply. It can

also be used together with many different types of regula-

tors, (both linear and switching) as well as other power

semiconductor devices to add precision and improve regu-

lation specifications. Output voltage tolerances better than

0.5% are possible without using trim pots or precision resis-

tors.

One of the main applications of the LM3411 is to drive an

opto-isolator to provide feedback signal isolation in a switch-

ing regulator circuit. For low current applications, (up to 250

mA) the circuit shown in Figure 3 provides good regulation

and complete input/output electrical isolation.

For an input voltage of 15V, this circuit can provide an output

of either 3.3V or 5V with a load current up to 250 mA with

excellent regulation characteristics. With the part values

shown, this circuit operates at 80 kHz., and can be synchro-

nized to a clock or an additional LM3578. (See LM1578 data

sheet for additional information.)

An isolated DC/DC flyback converter capable of higher out-

put current is shown in Figure 4. This circuit utilizes the

LM2577 SIMPLE SWITCHER™voltage regulator for the

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), power switch and protection

functions, while the LM3411 provides the voltage reference,

gain and opto coupler drive functions. In this circuit, the

reference and error amplifier in the LM2577 are not used

(note that the feedback pin is grounded). The gain is pro-

vided by the LM3411. Since the voltage reference is located

on the secondary side of the transformer, this circuit provides

very good regulation specifications.

01198715

FIGURE 3. Isolated 250 mA Flyback Switching Regulator

01198716

FIGURE 4. Isolated 1.5A Flyback Switching Regulator Using a LM2577

LM3411

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Applications Information (Continued)

The output of a switching regulator typically will contain a

small ripple voltage at the switching frequency and may also

contain voltage transients. These transient voltage spikes

can be sensed by the LM3411 and could give an incorrect

regulation voltage. An RC filter consisting of a 1Ωresistor

and a 100 nF capacitor will filter these transients and mini-

mize this problem. The 1Ωresistor should be located on the

ground side of the LM3411, and the capacitor should be

physically located near the package.

Improved output voltage tolerance and regulation specifica-

tions are possible by combining the LM3411A with one of the

SIMPLE SWITCHER buck regulator IC’s, such as the

LM2574, LM2575, or LM2576. The circuit shown in Figure 5

can provide a 5V, ±0.5% Output (1% over the operating

temperature range) without using any trim-pots or precision

resistors. Typical line regulation numbers area1mVchange

on the output for a 8V–18V change on the input, and load

regulation of 1 mV with a load change from 100 mA–1A.

A DC-DC flyback converter that accepts a negative input

voltage, and delivers either a positive or negative output is

shown in Figure 6. The circuit utilizes a buck regulator (such

as the LM2574, LM2575, or LM2576, depending on how

much output current is needed) operating in a flyback con-

figuration. The LM3411 provides the reference and the re-

quired level shifting circuitry needed to make the circuit work

correctly.

A unique feature of this circuit is the ability to ground either

the high or low side of the output, thus generating either a

negative or a positive output voltage. Although no isolation is

provided, with the addition of an opto-isolator and related

components, this circuit could provide input/output isolation.

Combining a LM3411A-5.0 with a 1A low dropout linear

regulator results in a 5V ±0.5% (1% over the operating

temperature range) regulator with excellent regulation speci-

fications, with no trimming or 1% resistors needed.

An added benefit of this circuit (and also true of many of the

other circuits shown here) is the high-side and low-side

remote output voltage sensing feature. Sensing the output

voltage at the load eliminates the voltage drops associated

with wire resistance, thus providing near perfect load regu-

lation.

A 5V, 1A regulator circuit featuring low dropout, very good

regulation specifications, self protection features and allows

output voltage sensing is shown in Figure 7. The regulator

used is a LM2941 adjustable low dropout positive regulator,

which also features an ON/OFF pin to provide a shutdown

feature.

01198717

FIGURE 5. Precision 1A Buck Regulator

01198718

FIGURE 6. Negative Input, Negative or Positive Output Flyback Regulator

LM3411

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Applications Information (Continued)

The circuit in Figure 8 shows a 3.3V low dropout regulator

using the LM3411-3.3 and several discrete components.

This circuit is capable of excellent performance with both the

dropout voltage and the ground pin current specifications

improved over the LM2941/LM3411 circuit.

The standard LM317 three terminal adjustable regulator cir-

cuit can greatly benefit by adding a LM3411. Performance is

increased and features are added. The circuit shown in

Figure 9 provides much improved line and load regulation,

lower temperature drift, and full remote output voltage sens-

ing on both the high and low side. In addition, a precise

current limit or constant current feature is simple to add.

Current limit protection in most IC regulators is mainly to

protect the IC from gross over-current conditions which

could otherwise fuse bonding wires or blow IC metalization,

therefore not much precision is needed for the actual current

limit values. Current limit tolerances can sometimes vary

from ±10% to as high as +300% over manufacturing and

temperature variations. Often critical circuitry requires a

much tighter control over the amount of current the power

supply can deliver. For example, a power supply may be

needed that can deliver 100% of its design current, but can

still limit the maximum current to 110% to protect critical

circuitry from high current fault conditions.

The circuit in Figure 9 can provide a current limit accuracy

that is better than ±4%, over all possible variations, in addi-

tion to having excellent line, load and temperature

specifications.

Like the positive regulators, the performance of negative

adjustable regulators can also be improved by adding the

LM3411. Output voltages of either 3.3V or 5V at currents up

to 1.5A (3A when using a LM333) are possible. Adding two

resistors to the circuit in Figure 10 adds the precision current

01198719

FIGURE 7. Precision 5V 1A Low Dropout Regulator

01198720

FIGURE 8. 3.3V 0.5A Low Dropout Regulator

01198721

FIGURE 9. Precision Positive Voltage Regulator with Accurate Current Limit

LM3411

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Applications Information (Continued)

limit feature as shown in Figure 11. Current limit tolerances

of ±4% over manufacturing and temperature variations are

possible with this circuit.

A simple 5V supply monitor circuit is shown in Figure 12.

Using the LM3411’s voltage reference, op-amp (as a com-

parator) and output driver, this circuit provides a LED indica-

tion of the presence of the 5V supply.

The LM3411 initial room temperature tolerance is ±1% and

±0.5% for the “A” grade part. If a tighter tolerance is needed,

a trim scheme is shown in Figure 13 that provides approxi-

mately ±1% adjustment range of the regulation voltage

REG

The LM3411 is guaranteed to drive a 15 mA load, but if more

current is needed, a NPN boost transistor can be added. The

circuit shown in Figure 14 is a shunt regulator capable of

providing excellent regulation over a very wide range of

current.

Perhaps one of the simplest applications for the LM3411 is

the voltage detector circuit shown in Figure 15 . The OUT pin

is low when the input voltage is less than V

REG

. When the

V(IN) pin rises above V

REG

, the OUT pin is pulled high by the

internal NPN output resistor.

Also an overvoltage detector, the crowbar circuit shown in

Figure 16 is normally located at the output of a power supply

to protect the load from an overvoltage condition should the

power supply fail with an input/output short.

01198722

FIGURE 10. Precision Negative Voltage Regulator

01198723

FIGURE 11. Precision Negative Voltage

Regulator with Accurate Current Limit

01198724

FIGURE 12. 4.7V Power ON Detector with Hysteresis

01198725

FIGURE 13. ±50 mV External Trim

01198726

FIGURE 14. 250 mA Shunt Regulator

01198727

FIGURE 15. Voltage Detector

LM3411

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Applications Information (Continued)

Schematic Diagram

01198729

01198728

FIGURE 16. Overvoltage Crowbar

LM3411

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)

unless otherwise noted

5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5)

Order Number LM3411M5-3.3, LM3411AM5-3.3,

LM3411M5-5.0 or LM3411AM5-5.0

NS Package Number MF05A

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves

the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.

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WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

CORPORATION. As used herein:

1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems

which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or

(b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when

properly used in accordance with instructions for use

provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result

in a significant injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life support

device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably

expected to cause the failure of the life support device or

system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE

National Semiconductor manufactures products and uses packing materials that meet the provisions of the Customer Products

Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain

no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2.

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LM3411 Precision Secondary Regulator/Driver

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Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps

DLP®Products www.dlp.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy

DSP dsp.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial

Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Medical www.ti.com/medical

Interface interface.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security

Logic logic.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense

Power Mgmt power.ti.com Transportation and Automotive www.ti.com/automotive

Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video

RFID www.ti-rfid.com

OMAP Mobile Processors www.ti.com/omap

Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity

TI E2E Community Home Page e2e.ti.com

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