DS99R102VS/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

DS99R101,DS99R102

DS99R101/DS99R102 3-40MHz DC-Balanced 24-Bit LVDS Serializer and

Deserializer

Literature Number: SNLS240C

October 2007

DS99R101/DS99R102

3-40MHz DC-Balanced 24-Bit LVDS Serializer and

Deserializer

General Description

The DS99R101/DS99R102 Chipset translates a 24-bit paral-

lel bus into a fully transparent data/control LVDS serial stream

with embedded clock information. This single serial stream

simplifies transferring a 24-bit bus over PCB traces and cable

by eliminating the skew problems between parallel data and

clock paths. It saves system cost by narrowing data paths that

in turn reduce PCB layers, cable width, and connector size

and pins.

The DS99R101/DS99R102 incorporates LVDS signaling on

the high-speed I/O. LVDS provides a low power and low noise

environment for reliably transferring data over a serial trans-

mission path. By optimizing the serializer output edge rate for

the operating frequency range EMI is further reduced.

Internal DC balanced encoding/decoding is used to support

AC-Coupled interconnects.

Features

■3 MHz–40 MHz clock embedded and DC-Balancing 24:1

and 1:24 data transmissions

■User selectable clock edge for parallel data on both

Transmitter and Receiver

■Internal DC Balancing encode/decode – Supports AC-

coupling interface with no external coding required

■Individual power-down controls for both Transmitter and

Receiver

■Embedded clock CDR (clock and data recovery) on

Receiver and no external source of reference clock

needed

■All codes RDL (random data lock) to support live-

pluggable applications

■LOCK output flag to ensure data integrity at Receiver side

■Balanced TSETUP/THOLD between RCLK and RDATA on

Receiver side

■PTO (progressive turn-on) LVCMOS outputs to reduce

EMI and minimize SSO effects

■All LVCMOS inputs and control pins have internal

pulldown

■On-chip filters for PLLs on Transmitter and Receiver

■48-pin TQFP package

■Pure CMOS .35 μm process

■Power supply range 3.3V ± 10%

■Temperature range 0°C to +70°C

■8 kV HBM ESD tolerance

Block Diagram

20207901

TRI-STATE® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

DS99R101/DS99R102 3-40MHz DC-Balanced 24-Bit LVDS Serializer and Deserializer

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage (VDD)−0.3V to +4V

LVCMOS/LVTTL Input Voltage −0.3V to (VDD +0.3V)

LVCMOS/LVTTL Output Voltage −0.3V to (VDD +0.3V)

LVDS Receiver Input Voltage −0.3V to 3.9V

LVDS Driver Output Voltage −0.3V to 3.9V

LVDS Output Short Circuit Duration 10 ms

Junction Temperature +150°C

Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature

(Soldering, 4 seconds) +260°C

Maximum Package Power Dissipation Capacity Package

De-rating:

48L TQFP 1/θJA °C/W above +25°C

DS99R101

θJA 45.8 (4L*); 75.4 (2L*) °C/W

θJC 21.0°C/W

DS99R102

θJA 45.4 (4L*); 75.0 (2L*)°C/W

θJC 21.1°C/W

*JEDEC

ESD Rating (HBM) ≥±8 kV

Recommended Operating

Conditions

Min Nom Max Units

Supply Voltage (VDD) 3.0 3.3 3.6 V

Operating Free Air

Temperature (TA)0 +25 +70 °C

Clock Rate 3 40 MHz

Supply Noise ±100 mVP-P

Electrical Characteristics

Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Pin/Freq. Min Typ Max Units

LVCMOS/LVTTL DC SPECIFICATIONS

VIH High Level Voltage Tx: DIN[23:0], TCLK,

TPWDNB, DEN, TRFB,

DCAOFF, DCBOFF,

VODSEL

Rx: RPWDNB, RRFB,

REN

2.0 1.5 VDD V

VIL Low Level Input Voltage GND 1.5 0.8 V

VCL Input Clamp Voltage ICL = −18 mA

(Note 9) −0.8 −1.5 V

IIN Input Current VIN = 0V or 3.6V Tx: DIN[23:0], TCLK,

TPWDNB, DEN, TRFB,

DCAOFF, DCBOFF,

VODSEL

−10 ±5 +10 µA

Rx: RPWDNB, RRFB,

REN −20 ±5 +20 µA

VOH High Level Output Voltage IOH = −4 mA Rx: ROUT[23:0], RCLK,

LOCK

2.3 3.0 VDD V

VOL Low Level Output Voltage IOL = +4 mA GND 0.33 0.5 V

IOS Output Short Circuit Current VOUT = 0V

(Note 9) −40 −70 −110 mA

IOZ TRI-STATE® Output Current RPWDNB, REN = 0V

VOUT = 0V or 2.4V

Rx: ROUT[23:0], RCLK,

LOCK −15 ±0.4 +15 µA

LVDS DC SPECIFICATIONS

VTH Differential Threshold High

Voltage

VCM = +1.2V Rx: RIN+, RIN− +50 mV

VTL Differential Threshold Low

Voltage

−50 mV

IIN Input Current VIN = +2.4V, VDD = 3.6V ±200 µA

VIN = 0V, VDD = 3.6V ±200 µA

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DS99R101/DS99R102

Symbol Parameter Conditions Pin/Freq. Min Typ Max Units

VOD Output Differential Voltage

(DOUT+)–(DOUT−)

RL = 100Ω

VODSEL = L (Figure 10)

Tx: DOUT+, DOUT− 250 400 600 mV

RL = 100Ω

VODSEL = H (Figure 10) 450 750 1200 mV

ΔVOD Output Differential Voltage

Unbalance

RL = 100Ω 4 50 mV

VOS Offset Voltage RL = 100Ω 1.00 1.25 1.50 V

ΔVOS Offset Voltage Unbalance RL = 100Ω 1 50 mV

IOS Output Short Circuit Current DOUT = 0V, DIN = H,

TPWDNB, DEN = 2.4V,

VODSEL = L

−2 −5 −8 mA

DOUT = 0V, DIN = H,

TPWDNB, DEN = 2.4V,

VODSEL = H

−7 −10 −13 mA

IOZ TRI-STATE Output Current TPWDNB, DEN = 0V,

DOUT = 0V or 2.4V −15 ±1 +15 µA

SER/DES SUPPLY CURRENT (DVDD*, PVDD* and AVDD* pins) *Digital, PLL, and Analog VDDs

IDDT Serializer (Tx)

Total Supply Current

(includes load current)

RL = 100Ω

VODSEL = L

Checker-board pattern (Figure 1)

f = 40 MHz

40 80 mA

RL = 100Ω

VODSEL = H

Checker-board pattern (Figure 1)

f = 40 MHz

40 85 mA

IDDTZ Serializer (Tx)

Supply Current Power-down

TPWDNB = 0V

(All other LVCMOS Inputs = 0V)

1 100 µA

IDDR Deserializer (Rx)

Total Supply Current

(includes load current)

CL = 8 pF LVCMOS Output

Checker-board pattern

(Figure 2)

f = 40 MHz

95 mA

Deserializer (Rx)

Total Supply Current

(includes load current)

CL = 8 pF LVCMOS Output

Random pattern

f = 40 MHz

90 mA

IDDRZ Deserializer (Rx)

Supply Current Power-down

RPWDNB = 0V

(All other LVCMOS Inputs = 0V,

RIN+/ RIN- = 0V)

1 50 µA

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DS99R101/DS99R102

Serializer Timing Requirements for TCLK

Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

tTCP Transmit Clock Period (Figure 5) 25 T 333 ns

tTCIH Transmit Clock High Time 0.4T 0.5T 0.6T ns

tTCIL Transmit Clock Low Time 0.4T 0.5T 0.6T ns

tCLKT TCLK Input Transition Time (Figure 4) 3 6 ns

tJIT TCLK Input Jitter (Note 10) 33 ps

(RMS)

Serializer Switching Characteristics

Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

tLLHT LVDS Low-to-High Transition Time RL = 100Ω,

(

Figure 3)

CL = 10 pF to GND

VODSEL = L

0.6 ns

tLHLT LVDS High-to-Low Transition Time 0.6 ns

tDIS DIN (23:0) Setup to TCLK RL = 100Ω,

CL = 10 pF to GND

(Note 9)

5 ns

tDIH DIN (23:0) Hold from TCLK 5 ns

tHZD DOUT ± HIGH to TRI-STATE Delay RL = 100Ω,

CL = 10 pF to GND

(Figure 6) (Note 5)

15 ns

tLZD DOUT ± LOW to TRI-STATE Delay 15 ns

tZHD DOUT ± TRI-STATE to HIGH Delay 200 ns

tZLD DOUT ± TRI-STATE to LOW Delay 200 ns

tPLD Serializer PLL Lock Time RL = 100Ω,

(

Figure 7) 10 ms

tSD Serializer Delay RL = 100Ω,

(

Figure 8)

VODSEL = L, TRFB = H 3.5T + 2.85 3.5T

+ 10 ns

RL = 100Ω,

(

Figure 8)

VODSEL = L, TRFB = L 3.5T + 2.85 3.5T

+ 10 ns

TxOUT_E_O TxOUT_Eye_Opening

(respect to ideal)

3–40 MHz

(Figure 9) (Note 10) 0.68 UI

(Note 11)

Deserializer Switching Characteristics

Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Pin/Freq. Min Typ Max Units

tRCP Receiver out Clock Period tRCP = tTCP

(Note 9)

RCLK 25 T 333 ns

tRDC RCLK Duty Cycle RCLK 45 50 55 %

tCLH LVCMOS Low-to-High

Transition Time

CL = 8 pF

(lumped load)

(Figure 11)

ROUT [23:0],

LOCK, RCLK 2.5 3.5 ns

tCHL LVCMOS High-to-Low

Transition Time 2.5 3.5 ns

tROS ROUT (7:0) Setup Data to

RCLK (Group 1)

(Figure 15) ROUT [7:0] (0.40)*

tRCP

(29/56)*tRCP ns

tROH ROUT (7:0) Hold Data to RCLK

(Group 1)

(0.40)*

tRCP

(27/56)*tRCP ns

tROS ROUT (15:8) Setup Data to

RCLK (Group 2)

(Figure 15) ROUT [15:8],

LOCK

(0.40)*

tRCP

0.5*tRCP ns

tROH ROUT (15:8) Hold Data to

RCLK (Group 2)

(0.40)*

tRCP

0.5*tRCP ns

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DS99R101/DS99R102

Symbol Parameter Conditions Pin/Freq. Min Typ Max Units

tROS ROUT (23:16) Setup Data to

RCLK (Group 3)

(Figure 15) ROUT [23:16] (0.40)*

tRCP

(27/56)*tRCP ns

tROH ROUT (23:16) Hold Data to

RCLK (Group 3)

(0.40)*

tRCP

(29/56)*tRCP ns

tHZR HIGH to TRI-STATE Delay (Figure 13) ROUT [23:0],

RCLK, LOCK

3 10 ns

tLZR LOW to TRI-STATE Delay 3 10 ns

tZHR TRI-STATE to HIGH Delay 3 10 ns

tZLR TRI-STATE to LOW Delay 3 10 ns

tDD Deserializer Delay (Figure 12) RCLK [4+(3/56)]T

+5.9

[4+(3/56)]T

+18.5

tDRDL Deserializer PLL Lock Time

from Powerdown

(Figure 14)

(Notes 8, 9)

3 MHz 5 50 ms

40 MHz 5 50 ms

RxIN_TOL_L Receiver INput TOLerance

Left

(Figure 16)

(Notes 7, 9, 11)

3 MHz–40 MHz 0.25 UI

RxIN_TOL_R Receiver INput TOLerance

Right

(Figure 16)

(Notes 7, 9, 11)

3 MHz–40 MHz 0.25 UI

Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability

and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the Absolute Maximum Ratings or other conditions beyond those indicated in

the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions at which the device is functional and the

device should not be operated beyond such conditions.

Note 2: The Electrical Characteristics tables list guaranteed specifications under the listed Recommended Operating Conditions except as otherwise modified

or specified by the Electrical Characteristics Conditions and/or Notes. Typical specifications are estimations only and are not guaranteed.

Note 3: Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at VCC = 3.3V, Ta = +25 degC, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the time of

product characterization and are not guaranteed.

Note 4: Current into device pins is defined as positive. Current out of a device pin is defined as negative. Voltages are referenced to ground except VOD, ΔVOD,

VTH and VTL which are differential voltages.

Note 5: When the Serializer output is at TRI-STATE, the Deserializer will lose PLL lock. Resynchronization MUST occur before data transfer.

Note 6: tDRDL is the time required by the deserializer to obtain lock when exiting powerdown mode. tDRDL is specified with an external synchronization pattern.

Note 7: RxIN_TOL is a measure of how much phase noise (jitter) the deserializer can tolerate in the incoming data stream before bit errors occur. It is a

measurement in reference with the ideal bit position, please see National’s AN-1217 for detail.

Note 8: The Deserializer PLL lock time (tDRDL) may vary depending on input data patterns and the number of transitions within the pattern.

Note 9: Specification is guaranteed by characterization and is not tested in production.

Note 10: tJIT (@BER of 10e-9) specifies the allowable jitter on TCLK. tJIT not included in TxOUT_E_O parameter.

Note 11: UI – Unit Interval, equivalent to one ideal serialized data bit width. The UI scales with frequency.

Note 12: Figures 1, 2, 8, 12, 14 show a falling edge data strobe (TCLK IN/RCLK OUT).

Note 13: Figures 5, 15 show a rising edge data strobe (TCLK IN/RCLK OUT).

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DS99R101/DS99R102

AC Timing Diagrams and Test Circuits

20207902

FIGURE 1. Serializer Input Checker-board Pattern

20207903

FIGURE 2. Deserializer Output Checker-board Pattern

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FIGURE 3. Serializer LVDS Output Load and Transition Times

20207906

FIGURE 4. Serializer Input Clock Transition Times

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DS99R101/DS99R102

20207907

FIGURE 5. Serializer Setup/Hold Times

20207908

FIGURE 6. Serializer TRI-STATE Test Circuit and Delay

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DS99R101/DS99R102

20207909

FIGURE 7. Serializer PLL Lock Time, and TPWDNB TRI-STATE Delays

20207910

FIGURE 8. Serializer Delay

20207915

FIGURE 9. Transmitter Output Eye Opening (TxOUT_E_O)

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DS99R101/DS99R102

20207917

VOD = (DOUT+) – (DOUT -)

Differential output signal is shown as (DOUT+) – (DOUT -), device in Data Transfer mode.

FIGURE 10. Serializer VOD Diagram

20207905

FIGURE 11. Deserializer LVCMOS/LVTTL Output Load and Transition Times

20207911

FIGURE 12. Deserializer Delay

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DS99R101/DS99R102

20207913

Note: CL includes instrumentation and fixture capacitance within 6 cm of ROUT[23:0]

FIGURE 13. Deserializer TRI-STATE Test Circuit and Timing

20207914

FIGURE 14. Deserializer PLL Lock Times and RPWDNB TRI-STATE Delay

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DS99R101/DS99R102

20207912

FIGURE 15. Deserializer Setup and Hold Times

20207916

RxIN_TOL_L is the ideal noise margin on the left of the figure, with respect to ideal.

RxIN_TOL_R is the ideal noise margin on the right of the figure, with respect to ideal.

FIGURE 16. Receiver Input Tolerance (RxIN_TOL) and Sampling Window

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DS99R101/DS99R102

DS99R101 Serializer Pin Descriptions

Pin # Pin Name I/O Description

LVCMOS PARALLEL INTERFACE PINS

4-1,

48-44,

41-32,

29-25

DIN[23:0] LVCMOS_I Transmitter Parallel Interface Data Inputs Pins. Tie LOW if unused, do not float.

10 TCLK LVCMOS_I Transmitter Parallel Interface Clock Input Pin. Strobe edge set by TRFB configuration pin.

CONTROL AND CONFIGURATION PINS

9 TPWDNB LVCMOS_I Transmitter Power Down Bar

TPWDNB = H; Transmitter is Enabled and ON

TPWDNB = L; Transmitter is in power down mode (Sleep), LVDS Driver DOUT (+/-) Outputs

are in TRI-STATE stand-by mode, PLL is shutdown to minimize power consumption.

18 DEN LVCMOS_I Transmitter Data Enable

DEN = H; LVDS Driver Outputs are Enabled (ON).

DEN = L; LVDS Driver Outputs are Disabled (OFF), Transmitter LVDS Driver DOUT (+/-)

Outputs are in TRI-STATE, PLL still operational and locked to TCLK.

11 TRFB LVCMOS_I Transmitter Rising/Falling Bar

TRFB = H; DIN LVCMOS Input clocked on Rising TCLK

TRFB = L; DIN LVCMOS Input clocked on Falling TCLK

12 VODSEL LVCMOS_I VOD Level Select

VODSEL = L; LVDS Driver Output is ≈±400 mV (RL = 100Ω)

VODSEL = H; LVDS Driver Output is ≈±750 mV (RL = 100Ω)

5 DCAOFF LVCMOS_I RESERVED – This pin MUST be tied LOW.

8 DCBOFF LVCMOS_I RESERVED – This pin MUST be tied LOW.

13 RESRVD LVCMOS_I RESERVED – This pin MUST be tied LOW.

23 NC NC No Connect – Make NO connection – leave open

LVDS SERIAL INTERFACE PINS

20 DOUT+ LVDS_O Transmitter LVDS True (+) Output. This output is intended to be loaded with a 100 ohm load to

the DOUT+ pin. The interconnect should be AC Coupled to this pin with a 100 nF capacitor.

19 DOUT− LVDS_O Transmitter LVDS Inverted (-) Output This output is intended to be loaded with a 100 ohm load

to the DOUT- pin. The interconnect should be AC Coupled to this pin with a 100 nF capacitor.

POWER / GROUND PINS

22 VDDDR VDD Analog Voltage Supply, LVDS Output Power

21 VSSDR GND Analog Ground, LVDS Output Ground

16 VDDPT0 VDD Analog Voltage supply, VCO Power

17 VSSPT0 GND Analog Ground, VCO Ground

14 VDDPT1 VDD Analog Voltage supply, PLL Power

15 VSSPT1 GND Analog Ground, PLL Ground

30 VDDT VDD Digital Voltage supply, Tx Serializer Power

31 VSST GND Digital Ground, Tx Serializer Ground

7 VDDL VDD Digital Voltage supply, Tx Logic Power

6 VSSL GND Digital Ground, Tx Logic Ground

42 VDDIT VDD Digital Voltage supply, Tx Input Power

43 VSSIT GND Digital Ground, Tx Input Ground

24 VSS GND ESD Ground

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DS99R101/DS99R102

DS99R101 Pin Diagram

Serializer - DS99R101

20207919

TOP VIEW

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DS99R101/DS99R102

DS99R102 Deserializer Pin Descriptions

Pin # Pin Name I/O Description

LVCMOS PARALLEL INTERFACE PINS

25-28,

31-34

ROUT[7:0] LVCMOS_O Receiver Parallel Interface Data Outputs – Group 1

13-16,

21-24

ROUT[15:8] LVCMOS_O Receiver Parallel Interface Data Outputs – Group 2

3-6,

9-12

ROUT[23:16] LVCMOS_O Receiver Parallel Interface Data Outputs – Group 3

18 RCLK LVCMOS_O Parallel Interface Clock Output Pin. Strobe edge set by RRFB configuration pin.

CONTROL AND CONFIGURATION PINS

43 RRFB LVCMOS_I Receiver Clock Edge Select Pin

RRFB = H; ROUT LVCMOS Outputs strobed on the Rising Clock Edge.

RRFB = L; ROUT LVCMOS Outputs strobed on the Falling Clock Edge.

48 REN LVCMOS_I Receiver Data Enable

REN = H; ROUT[23-0] and RCLK are Enabled (ON).

REN = L; ROUT[23-0] and RCLK are Disabled (OFF), Receiver ROUT[23-0] and RCLK Outputs

are in TRI-STATE, PLL still operational and locked to TCLK.

1 RPWDNB LVCMOS_I Receiver Data Enable

REN = H; ROUT[23-0] and RCLK are Enabled (ON).

REN = L; ROUT[23-0] and RCLK are Disabled (OFF), Receiver ROUT[23-0] and RCLK Outputs

are in TRI-STATE, PLL still operational and locked to TCLK.

17 LOCK LVCMOS_O LOCK indicates the status of the receiver PLL

LOCK = H; receiver PLL is locked

LOCK = L; receiver PLL is unlocked, ROUT[23-0] and RCLK are TRI-STATED

2 RESRVD LVCMOS_I RESERVED – This pin MUST be tied LOW.

LVDS SERIAL INTERFACE PINS

41 RIN+ LVDS_I Receiver LVDS True (+) Input This input is intended to be terminated with a 100 ohm load to

the RIN+ pin. The interconnect should be AC Coupled to this pin with a 100 nF capacitor.

42 RIN− LVDS_I Receiver LVDS Inverted (−) Input This input is intended to be terminated with a 100 ohm load

to the RIN- pin. The interconnect should be AC Coupled to this pin with a 100 nF capacitor.

POWER / GROUND PINS

39 VDDIR VDD Analog LVDS Voltage supply, Power

40 VSSIR GND Analog LVDS Ground

47 VDDPR0 VDD Analog Voltage supply, PLL Power

46 VSSPR0 GND Analog Ground, PLL Ground

45 VDDPR1 VDD Analog Voltage supply, PLL VCO Power

44 VSSPR1 GND Analog Ground, PLL VCO Ground

37 VDDR1 VDD Digital Voltage supply, Logic Power

38 VSSR1 GND Digital Ground, Logic Ground

36 VDDR0 VDD Digital Voltage supply, Logic Power

35 VSSR0 GND Digital Ground, Logic Ground

30 VDDOR1 VDD Digital Voltage supply, LVCMOS Output Power

29 VSSOR1 GND Digital Ground, LVCMOS Output Ground

20 VDDOR2 VDD Digital Voltage supply, LVCMOS Output Power

19 VSSOR2 GND Digital Ground, LVCMOS Output Ground

7 VDDOR3 VDD Digital Voltage supply, LVCMOS Output Power

8 VSSOR3 GND Digital Ground, LVCMOS Output Ground

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DS99R101/DS99R102

DS99R102 Pin Diagram

Deserializer - DS99R102

20207920

TOP VIEW

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DS99R101/DS99R102

Functional Description

The DS99R101 Serializer and DS99R102 Deserializer

chipset is an easy-to-use transmitter and receiver pair that

sends 24-bits of parallel LVCMOS data over a single serial

LVDS link from 72 Mbps to 960 Mbps throughput. The

DS99R101 transforms a 24-bit wide parallel LVCMOS data

into a single high speed LVDS serial data stream with em-

bedded clock. The DS99R102 receives the LVDS serial data

stream and converts it back into a 24-bit wide parallel data

and recovered clock. The 24-bit Serializer/Deserializer

chipset is designed to transmit data over shielded twisted pair

(STP) at clock speeds from 3 MHz to 40 MHz.

The Deserializer can attain lock to a data stream without the

use of a separate reference clock source. The Deserializer

synchronizes to the Serializer regardless of data pattern, de-

livering true automatic “plug and lock” performance. The De-

serializer recovers the clock and data by extracting the

embedded clock information and validating data integrity from

the incoming data stream and then deserializes the data. The

Deserializer monitors the incoming clock information, deter-

mines lock status, and asserts the LOCK output high when

lock occurs. Each has a power down control to enable efficient

operation in various applications.

INITIALIZATION AND LOCKING MECHANISM

Initialization of the DS99R101 and DS99R102 must be es-

tablished before each device sends or receives data. Initial-

ization refers to synchronizing the Serializer’s and

Deserializer’s PLL’s together. After the Serializers locks to the

input clock source, the Deserializer synchronizes to the Seri-

alizers as the second and final initialization step.

Step 1: When VDD is applied to both Serializer and/or Dese-

rializer, the respective outputs are held in TRI-STATE and

internal circuitry is disabled by on-chip power-on circuitry.

When VDD reaches VDD OK (2.2V) the PLL in Serializer begins

locking to a clock input. For the Serializer, the local clock is

the transmit clock, TCLK. The Serializer outputs are held in

TRI-STATE while the PLL locks to the TCLK. After locking to

TCLK, the Serializer block is now ready to send data patterns.

The Deserializer output will remain in TRI-STATE while its

PLL locks to the embedded clock information in serial data

stream. Also, the Deserializer LOCK output will remain low

until its PLL locks to incoming data and sync-pattern on the

RIN± pins.

Step 2: The Deserializer PLL acquires lock to a data stream

without requiring the Serializer to send special patterns. The

Serializer that is generating the stream to the Deserializer will

automatically send random (non-repetitive) data patterns dur-

ing this step of the Initialization State. The Deserializer will

lock onto embedded clock within the specified amount of time.

An embedded clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit locks to

the incoming bit stream to recover the high-speed receive bit

clock and re-time incoming data. The CDR circuit expects a

coded input bit stream. In order for the Deserializer to lock to

a random data stream from the Serializer, it performs a series

of operations to identify the rising clock edge and validates

data integrity, then locks to it. Because this locking procedure

is independent on the data pattern, total random locking du-

ration may vary. At the point when the Deserializer’s CDR

locks to the embedded clock, the LOCK pin goes high and

valid RCLK/data appears on the outputs. Note that the LOCK

signal is synchronous to valid data appearing on the outputs.

The Deserializer’s LOCK pin is a convenient way to ensure

data integrity is achieved on receiver side.

DATA TRANSFER

After lock is established, the Serializer inputs DIN0–DIN23

are used to input data to the Serializer. Data is clocked into

the Serializer by the TCLK input. The edge of TCLK used to

strobe the data is selectable via the TRFB pin. TRFB high

selects the rising edge for clocking data and low selects the

falling edge. The Serializer outputs (DOUT±) are intended to

drive point-to-point connections or limited multi-point applica-

tions.

CLK1, CLK0, DCA, DCB are four overhead bits transmitted

along the single LVDS serial data stream. The CLK1 bit is

always high and the CLK0 bit is always low. The CLK1 and

CLK0 bits function as the embedded clock bits in the serial

stream. DCB functions as the DC Balance control bit. It does

not require any pre-coding of data on transmit side. The DC

Balance bit is used to minimize the short and long-term DC

bias on the signal lines. This bit operates by selectively send-

ing the data either unmodified or inverted. The DCA bit is used

to validate data integrity in the embedded data stream. Both

DCA and DCB coding schemes are integrated and automat-

ically performed within Serializer and Deserializer.

The chipset supports clock frequency ranges of 3 MHz to 40

MHz. Every clock cycle, 24 databits are sent along with 4 ad-

ditional overhead control bits. Thus the line rate is 1.12 Gbps

maximum (84 Mbps minimum). The link is extremely efficient

at 86% (24/28). Twenty five (24 data + 1 clock) plus associ-

ated ground signals are reduced to only 1 single LVDS pair

providing a compression ratio of better then 25 to 1.

Serialized data and clock/control bits (24+4 bits) are trans-

mitted from the serial data output (DOUT±) at 28 times the

TCLK frequency. For example, if TCLK is , the serial rate is

40 x 28 = 1.12 Giga bits per second. Since only 24 bits are

from input data, the serial “payload” rate is 24 times the TCLK

frequency. For instance, if TCLK = 40 MHz, the payload data

rate is 40 x 24 = 960 Mbps. TCLK is provided by the data

source and must be in the range of 3 MHz to 40 MHz nominal.

The Serializer outputs (DOUT±) can drive a point-to-point

connection as shown in Figure 17. The outputs transmit data

when the enable pin (DEN) is high and TPWDNB is high. The

DEN pin may be used to TRI-STATE the outputs when driven

low.

When the Deserializer channel attains lock to the input from

a Serializer, it drives its LOCK pin high and synchronously

delivers valid data and recovered clock on the output. The

Deserializer locks onto the embedded clock, uses it to gen-

erate multiple internal data strobes, and then drives the re-

covered clock to the RCLK pin. The recovered clock (RCLK

output pin) is synchronous to the data on the ROUT[23:0]

pins. While LOCK is high, data on ROUT[23:0] is valid. Oth-

erwise, ROUT[23:0] is invalid. The polarity of the RCLK edge

is controlled by the RRFB input. ROUT(0-23), LOCK and

RCLK outputs will each drive a maximum of 8 pF load with a

40 MHz clock. REN controls TRI-STATE for ROUTn and the

RCLK pin on the Deserializer.

RESYNCHRONIZATION

If the Deserializer loses lock, it will automatically try to re-es-

tablish lock. For example, if the embedded clock edge is not

detected one time in succession, the PLL loses lock and the

LOCK pin is driven low. The Deserializer then enters the op-

erating mode where it tries to lock to a random data stream.

It looks for the embedded clock edge, identifies it and then

proceeds through the locking process.

The logic state of the LOCK signal indicates whether the data

on ROUT is valid; when it is high, the data is valid. The system

www.national.com 16

DS99R101/DS99R102

must monitor the LOCK pin to determine whether data on the

ROUT is valid.

POWERDOWN

The Powerdown state is a low power sleep mode that the Se-

rializer and Deserializer may use to reduce power when no

data is being transferred. The TPWDNB and RPWDNB are

used to set each device into power down mode, which re-

duces supply current to the µA range. The Serializer enters

powerdown when the TPWDNB pin is driven low. In power-

down, the PLL stops and the outputs go into TRI-STATE,

disabling load current and reducing supply. To exit Power-

down, TPWDNB must be driven high. When the Serializer

exits Powerdown, its PLL must lock to TCLK before it is ready

for the Initialization state. The system must then allow time for

Initialization before data transfer can begin. The Deserializer

enters powerdown mode when RPWDNB is driven low. In

powerdown mode, the PLL stops and the outputs enter TRI-

STATE. To bring the Deserializer block out of the powerdown

state, the system drives RPWDNB high.

Both the Serializer and Deserializer must reinitialize and re-

lock before data can be transferred. The Deserializer will

initialize and assert LOCK high when it is locked to the en-

coded clock.

TRI-STATE

For the Serializer, TRI-STATE is entered when the DEN or

TPWDNB pin is driven low. This will TRI-STATE both driver

output pins (DOUT+ and DOUT−). When DEN is driven high,

the serializer will return to the previous state as long as all

other control pins remain static (TPWDNB, TRFB).

When you drive the REN or RPWDNB pin low, the Deserial-

izer enters TRI-STATE. Consequently, the receiver output

pins (ROUT0–ROUT23) and RCLK will enter TRI-STATE.

The LOCK output remains active, reflecting the state of the

PLL. The Deserializer input pins are high impedance during

receiver powerdown (RPWDNB low) and power-off (VDD =

0V).

AC-COUPLING AND TERMINATION

The DS99R101 and DS99R102 supports AC-coupled inter-

connects through integrated DC balanced encoding/decoding

scheme. To use AC coupled connection between the Serial-

izer and Deserializer, insert external AC coupling capacitors

in series in the LVDS signal path as illustrated in . The Dese-

rializer input stage is designed for AC-coupling by providing

a built-in AC bias network which sets the internal VCM to

+1.2V. With AC signal coupling, capacitors provide the ac-

coupling path to the signal input.

For the high-speed LVDS transmissions, the smallest avail-

able package should be used for the AC coupling capacitor.

This will help minimize degradation of signal quality due to

package parasitics. The most common used capacitor value

for the interface is 100 nF (0.1 uF) capacitor.

A termination resistor across DOUT± is also required for

proper operation to be obtained. The termination resistor

should be equal to the differential impedance of the media

being driven. This should be in the range of 90 to 132 Ohms.

100 Ohms is a typical value common used with standard 100

Ohm transmission media. This resistor is required for control

of reflections and also to complete the current loop. It should

be placed as close to the Serializer DOUT± outputs to mini-

mize the stub length from the pins. To match with the defer-

ential impedance on the transmission line, the LVDS I/O are

terminated with 100 ohm resistors on Serializer DOUT± out-

puts pins.

PROGRESSIVE TURN–ON (PTO)

Deserializer ROUT[23:0] outputs are grouped into three

groups of eight, with each group switching about 0.5UI apart

in phase to reduce EMI, simultaneous switching noise, and

system ground bounce.

Applications Information

USING THE DS99R101 AND DS99R102

The DS99R101/DS99R102 Serializer/Deserializer

(SERDES) pair sends 24 bits of parallel LVCMOS data over

a serial LVDS link up to 960 Mbps. Serialization of the input

data is accomplished using an on-board PLL at the Serializer

which embeds clock with the data. The Deserializer extracts

the clock/control information from the incoming data stream

and deserializes the data. The Deserializer monitors the in-

coming clockl information to determine lock status and will

indicate lock by asserting the LOCK output high.

POWER CONSIDERATIONS

An all CMOS design of the Serializer and Deserializer makes

them inherently low power devices. Additionally, the constant

current source nature of the LVDS outputs minimize the slope

of the speed vs. IDD curve of CMOS designs.

NOISE MARGIN

The Deserializer noise margin is the amount of input jitter

(phase noise) that the Deserializer can tolerate and still reli-

ably recover data. Various environmental and systematic fac-

tors include:

Serializer: TCLK jitter, VDD noise (noise bandwidth and out-

of-band noise)

Media: ISI, VCM noise

Deserializer: VDD noise

For a graphical representation of noise margin, please see

Figure 16.

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

The Serializer and Deserializer can be used in point-to-point

configuration, through a PCB trace, or through twisted pair

cable. In a point-to-point configuration, the transmission me-

dia needs be terminated at both ends of the transmitter and

receiver pair. Interconnect for LVDS typically has a differential

impedance of 100 Ohms. Use cables and connectors that

have matched differential impedance to minimize impedance

discontinuities. In most applications that involve cables, the

transmission distance will be determined on data rates in-

volved, acceptable bit error rate and transmission medium.

LIVE LINK INSERTION

The Serializer and Deserializer devices support live plug-

gable applications. The “Hot Inserted” operation on the serial

interface does not disrupt communication data on the active

data lines. The automatic receiver lock to random data “plug

& go” live insertion capability allows the DS99R102 to attain

lock to the active data stream during a live insertion event.

PCB LAYOUT AND POWER SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS

Circuit board layout and stack-up for the LVDS SERDES de-

vices should be designed to provide low-noise power feed to

the device. Good layout practice will also separate high fre-

quency or high-level inputs and outputs to minimize unwanted

stray noise pickup, feedback and interference. Power system

performance may be greatly improved by using thin di-

electrics (2 to 4 mils) for power / ground sandwiches. This

arrangement provides plane capacitance for the PCB power

17 www.national.com

DS99R101/DS99R102

system with low-inductance parasitics, which has proven es-

pecially effective at high frequencies, and makes the value

and placement of external bypass capacitors less critical. Ex-

ternal bypass capacitors should include both RF ceramic and

tantalum electrolytic types. RF capacitors may use values in

the range of 0.01 uF to 0.1 uF. Tantalum capacitors may be

in the 2.2 uF to 10 uF range. Voltage rating of the tantalum

capacitors should be at least 5X the power supply voltage

being used.

Surface mount capacitors are recommended due to their

smaller parasitics. When using multiple capacitors per supply

pin, locate the smaller value closer to the pin. A large bulk

capacitor is recommend at the point of power entry. This is

typically in the 50uF to 100uF range and will smooth low fre-

quency switching noise. It is recommended to connect power

and ground pins directly to the power and ground planes with

bypass capacitors connected to the plane with via on both

ends of the capacitor. Connecting power or ground pins to an

external bypass capacitor will increase the inductance of the

path.

A small body size X7R chip capacitor, such as 0603, is rec-

ommended for external bypass. Its small body size reduces

the parasitic inductance of the capacitor. The user must pay

attention to the resonance frequency of these external bypass

capacitors, usually in the range of 20-30 MHz range. To pro-

vide effective bypassing, multiple capacitors are often used

to achieve low impedance between the supply rails over the

frequency of interest. At high frequency, it is also a common

practice to use two vias from power and ground pins to the

planes, reducing the impedance at high frequency.

Some devices provide separate power and ground pins for

different portions of the circuit. This is done to isolate switch-

ing noise effects between different sections of the circuit.

Separate planes on the PCB are typically not required. Pin

Description tables typically provide guidance on which circuit

blocks are connected to which power pin pairs. In some cas-

es, an external filter many be used to provide clean power to

sensitive circuits such as PLLs.

Use at least a four layer board with a power and ground plane.

Locate LVCMOS (LVTTL) signals away from the LVDS lines

to prevent coupling from the LVCMOS lines to the LVDS lines.

Closely-coupled differential lines of 100 Ohms are typically

recommended for LVDS interconnect. The closely coupled

lines help to ensure that coupled noise will appear as com-

mon-mode and thus is rejected by the receivers. The tightly

coupled lines will also radiate less.

Termination of the LVDS interconnect is required. For point-

to-point applications, termination should be located at both

ends of the devices. Nominal value is 100 Ohms to match the

line’s differential impedance. Place the resistor as close to the

transmitter DOUT± outputs and receiver RIN± inputs as pos-

sible to minimize the resulting stub between the termination

resistor and device.

LVDS INTERCONNECT GUIDELINES

See AN-1108 and AN-905 for full details.

•Use 100Ω coupled differential pairs

•Use the S/2S/3S rule in spacings

—S = space between the pair

—2S = space between pairs

—3S = space to LVCMOS/LVTTL signal

•Minimize the number of VIA

•Use differential connectors when operating above

500Mbps line speed

•Maintain balance of the traces

•Minimize skew within the pair

•Terminate as close to the TX outputs and RX inputs as

possible

Additional general guidance can be found in the LVDS

Owner’s Manual - available in PDF format from the National

web site at: www.national.com/lvds

20207918

FIGURE 17. AC Coupled Application

www.national.com 18

DS99R101/DS99R102

20207921

FIGURE 18. DS99R101 Typical Application Connection

19 www.national.com

DS99R101/DS99R102

20207922

FIGURE 19. DS99R102 Typical Application Connection

www.national.com 20

DS99R101/DS99R102

Truth Tables

TABLE 1. DS99R101 Serializer Truth Table

TPWDNB

(Pin 9)

DEN

(Pin 18)

Tx PLL Status

(Internal)

LVDS Outputs

(Pins 19 and 20)

L X X Hi Z

H L X Hi Z

H H Not Locked Hi Z

H H Locked Serialized Data with Embedded Clock

TABLE 2. DS99R102 Deserializer Truth Table

RPWDNB

(Pin 1)

REN

(Pin 48)

Rx PLL Status

(Internal)

ROUTn and RCLK

(See Pin Diagram)

LOCK

(Pin 17)

L X X Hi Z Hi Z

H L X Hi Z L = PLL Unocked;

H = PLL Locked

H H Not Locked Hi Z L

H H Locked Data and RCLK Active H

21 www.national.com

DS99R101/DS99R102

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

Dimensions show in millimeters only

Ordering Information

NSID Package Type Package ID

DS99R101VS 48 Lead TQFP style, 7.0 X 7.0 X 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm pitch VBC48A

DS99R101VSX 48 Lead TQFP style, 7.0 X 7.0 X 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm pitch, 1000 std reel VBC48A

DS99R102VS 48 Lead TQFP style, 7.0 X 7.0 X 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm pitch VBC48A

DS99R102VSX 48 Lead TQFP style, 7.0 X 7.0 X 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm pitch, 1000 std reel VBC48A

www.national.com 22

DS99R101/DS99R102

Notes

23 www.national.com

DS99R101/DS99R102

Notes

DS99R101/DS99R102 3-40MHz DC-Balanced 24-Bit LVDS Serializer and Deserializer

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