= 37,125
RADJ
ICL
Voltage
5V/3A
COUT
180 PF/16V
33 PH
L
Feedback
Boost
SR305
Ground
Current
VIN
Softstart
1 nF
Voltage
8V to 40V
Input
LM2673 - 5.0 Output
Switch
Output
0.01 PF
+
Limit
Adjust
8.2k
0.47 PF
++
CIN
2 x 15 PF/50V
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An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM2673
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LM2673 SIMPLE SWITCHER
®
3-A Step-Down Voltage Regulator With Adjustable Current
Limit
1
1 Features
1• Efficiency Up to 94%
• Simple and Easy to Design With (Using Off-The-
Shelf External Components)
• Resistor Programmable Peak Current Limit Over a
Range of 2 A to 5 A
• 150-mΩDMOS Output Switch
• 3.3-V, 5-V, 12-V Fixed Output and Adjustable
(1.2 V to 37 V) Versions
• ±2% Maximum Output Tolerance Over Full Line
and Load Conditions
• Wide Input Voltage Range: 8 V to 40 V
• 260-KHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator
• Soft-Start Capability
• –40 to 125°C Operating Junction Temperature
Range
2 Applications
• Simple-to-Design, High Efficiency (>90%) Step-
Down Switching Regulators
• Efficient System Preregulator for Linear Voltage
Regulators
• Battery Chargers
3 Description
The LM2673 series of regulators are monolithic
integrated circuits which provide all of the active
functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator
capable of driving up to 3-A loads with excellent line
and load regulation characteristics. High efficiency
(>90%) is obtained through the use of a low ON-
resistance DMOS power switch. The series consists
of fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V and
an adjustable output version.
The SIMPLE SWITCHER®concept provides for a
complete design using a minimum number of external
components. A high fixed frequency oscillator
(260 kHz) allows the use of physically smaller sized
components. A family of standard inductors for use
with the LM2673 are available from several
manufacturers to greatly simplify the design process.
Other features include the ability to reduce the input
surge current at power on by adding a soft-start
timing capacitor to gradually turn on the regulator.
The LM2673 series also has built-in thermal
shutdown and resistor programmable current limit of
the power MOSFET switch to protect the device and
load circuitry under fault conditions. The output
voltage is ensured to a ±2% tolerance. The clock
frequency is controlled to within a ±11% tolerance.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
LM2673 TO-263 (7) 10.10 mm × 8.89 mm
TO-220 (7) 14.986 mm × 10.16 mm
VSON (14) 6.00 mm × 5.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Typical Application
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Table of Contents
1 Features.................................................................. 1
2 Applications ........................................................... 1
3 Description............................................................. 1
4 Revision History..................................................... 2
5 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3
6 Specifications......................................................... 4
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4
6.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4
6.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 5
6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – 3.3 V............... 5
6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – 5 V.................. 5
6.7 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – 12 V................ 6
6.8 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – Adjustable....... 6
6.9 Electrical Characteristics – All Output Voltage
Versions..................................................................... 6
6.10 Typical Characteristics............................................ 7
7 Detailed Description.............................................. 9
7.1 Overview................................................................... 9
7.2 Functional Block Diagram......................................... 9
7.3 Feature Description................................................... 9
7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 10
8 Application and Implementation ........................ 11
8.1 Application Information............................................ 11
8.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 14
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 26
10 Layout................................................................... 26
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 26
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 27
11 Device and Documentation Support................. 28
11.1 Related Documentation......................................... 28
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates 28
11.3 Community Resources.......................................... 28
11.4 Trademarks........................................................... 28
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 28
11.6 Glossary................................................................ 28
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information........................................................... 28
12.1 DAP (VSON Package).......................................... 28
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision N (April 2013) to Revision O Page
• Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes,Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section.................................................................................................. 1
• Removed all references to Computer Design Software LM267X Made Simple (Version 6.0).............................................. 1
Changes from Revision M (April 2013) to Revision N Page
• Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ........................................................................................................... 24
Not to scale
DAP
1NC 14 Switch_output
2Input 13 Switch_output
3Input 12 Switch_output
4CB 11 NC
5NC 10 NC
6Current_adjust 9 GND
7FB 8 SS
Not to scale
1Switch_output
2Input
3CB
4GND
5Current_adjust
6FB
7SS
1 Switch_output
2 Input
3 CB
4 GND
5 Current_adjust
6 FB
7 SS
Not to scale
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
KTW Package
7-Pin TO-263
Top View NDZ Package
7-Pin TO-220
Top View
NHM Package
14-Pin VSON
Top View
Connect DAP to pin 9 on PCB.
Pin Functions
PIN I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME TO-263,
TO-220 VSON
Switch output 1 12, 13, 14 O Source pin of the internal High Side FET. This is a switching node. Attached this pin to
an inductor and the cathode of the external diode.
Input 2 2, 3 I Supply input pin to collector pin of high side FET. Connect to power supply and input
bypass capacitors CIN. Path from VIN pin to high frequency bypass CIN and GND
must be as short as possible.
CB 3 4 I Boot-strap capacitor connection for high-side driver. Connect a high quality 100-nF
capacitor from CB to VSW Pin.
GND 4 9 — Power ground pins. Connect to system ground. Ground pins of CIN and COUT. Path to
CIN must be as short as possible.
Current adjust 5 6 I Current Limit adjust pin. Connect a resistor from this pin to GND to set the current limit
of the part.
FB 6 7 I Feedback sense input pin. Connect to the midpoint of feedback divider to set VOUT for
ADJ version or connect this pin directly to the output capacitor for a fixed output
version.
SS 7 8 I Soft-start pin. Connect a capacitor from this pin to GND to control the output voltage
ramp. If the feature not desired, the pin can be left floating
NC — 1, 5, 10, 11 — No connect pins
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(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and
specifications.
(3) The absolute maximum specification of the Switch Voltage to Ground applies to DC voltage. An extended negative voltage limit of –10 V
applies to a pulse of up to 20 ns, –6 V of 60 ns and –3 V of up to 100 ns.
6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)(2)
MIN MAX UNIT
Input supply voltage 45 V
Soft-start pin voltage –0.1 6 V
Switch voltage to ground(3) –1 VIN V
Boost pin voltage VSW + 8
VV
Feedback pin voltage –0.3 14 V
Power dissipation Internally Limited
Soldering temperature Wave, 4 s 260 °CInfrared, 10 s 240
Vapor phase, 75 s 219
Storage temperature, Tstg –65 150 °C
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) ESD was applied using the human-body model, a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩresistor into each pin.
6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1)(2) ±2000 V
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions MIN MAX UNIT
Supply voltage 8 40 V
Junction temperature (TJ) –40 125 °C
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(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
(2) Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 7-lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads in a
socket, or on a PCB with minimum copper area.
(3) Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 7-lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads
soldered to a PCB containing approximately 4 square inches of (1 oz.) copper area surrounding the leads.
(4) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB area of 0.136 square inches (the
same size as the DDPAK package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.
(5) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB area of 0.4896 square inches (3.6
times the area of the DDPAK package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.
(6) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB copper area of 1.0064 square inches
(7.4 times the area of the DDPAK 3 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Additional copper area will reduce thermal resistance
further.
(7) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 14-lead VSON mounted on a PCB copper area equal to the die attach paddle.
(8) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 14-lead VSON mounted on a PCB copper area using 12 vias to a second layer of copper
equal to die attach paddle. Additional copper area will reduce thermal resistance further. For layout recommendations, see Application
Note AN-1187 Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP).
6.4 Thermal Information
THERMAL METRIC(1) LM2678
UNITNDZ (TO-220) KTW (TO-263) NHM (VSON)
7 PINS 7 PINS 14 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
See (2) 65 — —
°C/W
See (3) 45 — —
See (4) — 56 —
See (5) — 35 —
See (6) — 26 —
See (7) — — 55
See (8) — — 29
RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 2 2 — °C/W
(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified via
correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – 3.3 V
Specifications apply for TA= TJ= 25°C unless otherwise noted. RADJ = 5.6 kΩ.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT
VOUT Output voltage VIN = 8 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A
3.234 3.3 3.366 V
over the entire junction temperature
range of operation –40°C to 125°C 3.201 3.399
ηEfficiency VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A 86%
(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified via
correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – 5 V
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT
VOUT Output voltage VIN = 8 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A
4.9 5 5.1 V
over the entire junction temperature
range of operation –40°C to 125°C 4.85 5.15
ηEfficiency VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A 88%
6
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(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified via
correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.7 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – 12 V
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT
VOUT Output voltage VIN = 15 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A
11.76 12 12.24 V
over the entire junction temperature range
of operation –40°C to 125°C 11.64 12.36
ηEfficiency VIN = 24 V, ILOAD = 5 A 94%
(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified via
correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
6.8 Electrical Characteristics: LM2673 – Adjustable
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT
VFB Feedback voltage VIN = 8 V to 40 V,
100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A,
VOUT programmed for 5 V
1.186 1.21 1.234 V
over the entire junction temperature range
of operation –40°C to 125°C 1.174 1.246
ηEfficiency VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A 88%
(1) The peak switch current limit is determined by the following relationship: ICL=37,125/ RADJ.
6.9 Electrical Characteristics – All Output Voltage Versions
Specifications are for TA= TJ= 25°C unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified VIN = 12 V for the 3.3-V, 5-V, and
Adjustable versions and VIN = 24 V for the 12-V version.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
DEVICE PARAMETERS
IQQuiescent current VFEEDBACK = 8 V for 3.3-V, 5-V, and ADJ versions,
VFEEDBACK = 15 V for 12-V versions 4.2 6 mA
VADJ Current limit adjust
voltage
1.181 1.21 1.229 V
over the entire junction temperature range of operation –40°C to
125°C 1.169 1.246
ICL Current limit RADJ = 5.6 kΩ,(1) 5.5 6.3 7.6 A
over the entire junction temperature range
of operation –40°C to 125°C 5.3 8.1
ILOutput leakage current VIN = 40 V,
soft-start pin = 0 V VSWITCH = 0 V 1 1.5 mA
VSWITCH = –1 V 6 15
RDS(ON) Switch ON-resistance ISWITCH = 5 A 0.12 0.14
Ω
over the entire junction temperature range
of operation –40°C to 125°C 0.225
fOOscillator frequency Measured at switch pin 260 kHz
over the entire junction temperature range
of operation –40°C to 125°C 225 280
D Duty cycle Maximum duty cycle 91%
Minimum duty cycle 0%
IBIAS Feedback bias
current VFEEDBACK = 1.3 V
ADJ version only 85 nA
VSFST Soft-start threshold
voltage
0.63 V
over the entire junction temperature range of operation –40°C to
125°C 0.53 0.74
ISFST Soft-start pin current Soft-start pin = 0 V 3.7 µA
over the entire junction temperature range
of operation –40°C to 125°C 6.9
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6.10 Typical Characteristics
Figure 1. Normalized Output Voltage Figure 2. Line Regulation
Figure 3. Efficiency vs Input Voltage Figure 4. Efficiency vs ILOAD
Figure 5. Switch Current Limit Figure 6. Operating Quiescent Current
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Figure 7. Switching Frequency Figure 8. Feedback Pin Bias Current
Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V, ILOAD = 3 A L = 33 µH, COUT = 200 µF,
COUTESR = 26 mΩ
A: VSW Pin Voltage, 10 V/div
B: Inductor Current, 1 A/div
C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div AC-Coupled
Figure 9. Horizontal Time Base: 1 µs/div
Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V, ILOAD = 500 mA L = 10 µH, COUT = 400 µF,
COUTESR = 13 mΩ
A: VSW Pin Voltage, 10 V/div
B: Inductor Current, 1 A/div
C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div AC-Coupled
Figure 10. Horizontal Time Base: 1 µs//iv
Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V L = 33 µH, COUT = 200 µF, COUTESR = 26 mΩ
A: Output Voltage, 100 mV//div, AC-Coupled.
B: Load Current: 500-mA to 3-A Load Pulse
Figure 11. Horizontal Time Base: 100 µs/div
Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V, L = 10 µH, COUT = 400 µF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ
A: Output Voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-Coupled.
B: Load Current: 200-mA to 3-A Load Pulse
Figure 12. Horizontal Time Base: 200 µs/div
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The LM2673 provides all of the active functions required for a step-down (buck) switching regulator. The internal
power switch is a DMOS power MOSFET to provide power supply designs with high current capability, up to 3 A,
and highly efficient operation.
The design support WEBENCH, can also be used to provide instant component selection, circuit performance
calculations for evaluation, a bill of materials component list and a circuit schematic for LM2673.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
* Active Inductor Patent Number 5,514,947
† Active Capacitor Patent Number 5,382,918
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Switch Output
This is the output of a power MOSFET switch connected directly to the input voltage. The switch provides energy
to an inductor, an output capacitor and the load circuitry under control of an internal pulse-width-modulator
(PWM). The PWM controller is internally clocked by a fixed 260-kHz oscillator. In a standard step-down
application the duty cycle (Time ON/Time OFF) of the power switch is proportional to the ratio of the power
supply output voltage to the input voltage. The voltage on pin 1 switches between VIN (switch ON) and below
ground by the voltage drop of the external Schottky diode (switch OFF).
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.2 Input
The input voltage for the power supply is connected to pin 2. In addition to providing energy to the load the input
voltage also provides bias for the internal circuitry of the LM2673. For ensured performance the input voltage
must be in the range of 8 V to 40 V. For best performance of the power supply the input pin must always be
bypassed with an input capacitor located close to pin 2.
7.3.3 C Boost
A capacitor must be connected from pin 3 to the switch output, pin 1. This capacitor boosts the gate drive to the
internal MOSFET above VIN to fully turn it ON. This minimizes conduction losses in the power switch to maintain
high efficiency. The recommended value for C Boost is 0.01 µF.
7.3.4 Ground
This is the ground reference connection for all components in the power supply. In fast-switching, high-current
applications such as those implemented with the LM2673, TI recommends that a broad ground plane be used to
minimize signal coupling throughout the circuit.
7.3.5 Current Adjust
A key feature of the LM2673 is the ability to tailor the peak switch current limit to a level required by a particular
application. This alleviates the need to use external components that must be physically sized to accommodate
current levels (under shorted output conditions for example) that may be much higher than the normal circuit
operating current requirements.
A resistor connected from pin 5 to ground establishes a current (I(pin 5) =1.2V/RADJ) that sets the peak current
through the power switch. The maximum switch current is fixed at a level of 37,125 / RADJ.
7.3.6 Feedback
This is the input to a two-stage high gain amplifier, which drives the PWM controller. It is necessary to connect
pin 6 to the actual output of the power supply to set the DC output voltage. For the fixed output devices (3.3-V, 5-
V, and 12-V outputs), a direct wire connection to the output is all that is required as internal gain setting resistors
are provided inside the LM2673. For the adjustable output version two external resistors are required to set the
dc output voltage. For stable operation of the power supply it is important to prevent coupling of any inductor flux
to the feedback input.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Soft-Start
A capacitor connected from pin 7 to ground allows for a slow turnon of the switching regulator. The capacitor sets
a time delay to gradually increase the duty cycle of the internal power switch. This can significantly reduce the
amount of surge current required from the input supply during an abrupt application of the input voltage. If soft
start is not required this pin must be left open circuited. See CSS Soft-Start Capacitor for further information
regarding soft-start capacitor values.
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
8.1.1 Design Considerations
Power supply design using the LM2673 is greatly simplified by using recommended external components. A wide
range of inductors, capacitors and Schottky diodes from several manufacturers have been evaluated for use in
designs that cover the full range of capabilities (input voltage, output voltage, and load current) of the LM2673. A
simple design procedure using nomographs and component tables provided in this data sheet leads to a working
design with very little effort.
The individual components from the various manufacturers called out for use are still just a small sample of the
vast array of components available in the industry. While these components are recommended, they are not
exclusively the only components for use in a design. After a close comparison of component specifications,
equivalent devices from other manufacturers could be substituted for use in an application.
Important considerations for each external component and an explanation of how the nomographs and selection
tables were developed follows.
8.1.2 Inductor
The inductor is the key component in a switching regulator. For efficiency the inductor stores energy during the
switch ON time and then transfers energy to the load while the switch is OFF.
Nomographs are used to select the inductance value required for a given set of operating conditions. The
nomographs assume that the circuit is operating in continuous mode (the current flowing through the inductor
never falls to zero). The magnitude of inductance is selected to maintain a maximum ripple current of 30% of the
maximum load current. If the ripple current exceeds this 30% limit the next larger value is selected.
The inductors offered have been specifically manufactured to provide proper operation under all operating
conditions of input and output voltage and load current. Several part types are offered for a given amount of
inductance. Both surface mount and through-hole devices are available. The inductors from each of the three
manufacturers have unique characteristics.
• Renco: ferrite stick core inductors; benefits are typically lowest cost and can withstand ripple and transient
peak currents above the rated value. These inductors have an external magnetic field, which may generate
EMI.
• Pulse Engineering: powdered iron toroid core inductors; these also can withstand higher than rated currents
and, being toroid inductors, has low EMI.
• Coilcraft: ferrite drum core inductors; these are the smallest physical size inductors and are available only as
surface mount components. These inductors also generate EMI but less than stick inductors.
8.1.3 Output Capacitor
The output capacitor acts to smooth the dc output voltage and also provides energy storage. Selection of an
output capacitor, with an associated equivalent series resistance (ESR), impacts both the amount of output ripple
voltage and stability of the control loop.
The output ripple voltage of the power supply is the product of the capacitor ESR and the inductor ripple current.
The capacitor types recommended in the tables were selected for having low ESR ratings.
In addition, both surface mount tantalum capacitors and through-hole aluminum electrolytic capacitors are offered
as solutions.
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Application Information (continued)
Impacting frequency stability of the overall control loop, the output capacitance, in conjunction with the inductor,
creates a double pole inside the feedback loop. In addition the capacitance and the ESR value create a zero.
These frequency response effects together with the internal frequency compensation circuitry of the LM2673
modify the gain and phase shift of the closed loop system.
As a general rule for stable switching regulator circuits it is desired to have the unity gain bandwidth of the circuit
to be limited to no more than one-sixth of the controller switching frequency. With the fixed 260-kHz switching
frequency of the LM2673, the output capacitor is selected to provide a unity gain bandwidth of 40 kHz
(maximum). Each recommended capacitor value has been chosen to achieve this result.
In some cases multiple capacitors are required either to reduce the ESR of the output capacitor, to minimize
output ripple (a ripple voltage of 1% of VOUT or less is the assumed performance condition), or to increase the
output capacitance to reduce the closed-loop unity gain bandwidth, to less than 40 kHz. When parallel
combinations of capacitors are required it has been assumed that each capacitor is the exact same part type.
The RMS current and working voltage (WV) ratings of the output capacitor are also important considerations. In a
typical step-down switching regulator, the inductor ripple current (set to be no more than 30% of the maximum
load current by the inductor selection) is the current that flows through the output capacitor. The capacitor RMS
current rating must be greater than this ripple current. The voltage rating of the output capacitor must be greater
than 1.3 times the maximum output voltage of the power supply. If operation of the system at elevated
temperatures is required, the capacitor voltage rating may be de-rated to less than the nominal room temperature
rating. Careful inspection of the manufacturer's specification for de-rating of working voltage with temperature is
important.
8.1.4 Input Capacitor
Fast changing currents in high current switching regulators place a significant dynamic load on the unregulated
power source. An input capacitor helps to provide additional current to the power supply as well as smooth out
input voltage variations.
Like the output capacitor, the key specifications for the input capacitor are RMS current rating and working
voltage. The RMS current flowing through the input capacitor is equal to one-half of the maximum DC load
current so the capacitor should be rated to handle this. Paralleling multiple capacitors proportionally increases
the current rating of the total capacitance. The voltage rating must also be selected to be 1.3 times the maximum
input voltage. Depending on the unregulated input power source, under light load conditions the maximum input
voltage could be significantly higher than normal operation. Consider this when selecting an input capacitor.
The input capacitor must be placed very close to the input pin of the LM2673. Due to relative high current
operation with fast transient changes, the series inductance of input connecting wires or PCB traces can create
ringing signals at the input terminal which could possibly propagate to the output or other parts of the circuitry. It
may be necessary in some designs to add a small valued (0.1 µF to 0.47 µF) ceramic type capacitor in parallel
with the input capacitor to prevent or minimize any ringing.
8.1.5 Catch Diode
When the power switch in the LM2673 turns OFF, the current through the inductor continues to flow. The path for
this current is through the diode connected between the switch output and ground. This forward biased diode
clamps the switch output to a voltage less than ground. This negative voltage must be greater than –1 V so a low
voltage drop (particularly at high current levels) Schottky diode is recommended. Total efficiency of the entire
power supply is significantly impacted by the power lost in the output catch diode. The average current through
the catch diode is dependent on the switch duty cycle (D) and is equal to the load current times (1-D). Use of a
diode rated for much higher current than is required by the actual application helps to minimize the voltage drop
and power loss in the diode.
During the switch ON time the diode will be reversed biased by the input voltage. The reverse voltage rating of
the diode should be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum input voltage.
8.1.6 Boost Capacitor
The boost capacitor creates a voltage used to overdrive the gate of the internal power MOSFET. This improves
efficiency by minimizing the on resistance of the switch and associated power loss. For all applications it is
recommended to use a 0.01-µF, 50-V ceramic capacitor.
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Application Information (continued)
8.1.7 RADJ, Adjustable Current Limit
A key feature of the LM2673 is the ability to control the peak switch current. Without this feature the peak switch
current would be internally set to 5 A or higher to accommodate 3-A load current designs. This requires that both
the inductor (which could saturate with excessively high currents) and the catch diode be able to safely handle
up to 5 A which would be conducted under load fault conditions.
If an application only requires a load current of 2 A or so the peak switch current can be set to a limit just over
the maximum load current with the addition of a single programming resistor. This allows the use of less powerful
and more cost-effective inductors and diodes.
The peak switch current is equal to a factor of 37,125 divided by RADJ. A resistance of 8.2 kΩsets the current
limit to typically 4.5 A. For predictable control of the current limit, TI recommends keeping the peak switch current
greater than 1 A. For lower current applications 500-mA and 1-A switching regulators, the LM2674 and LM2672,
are available.
When the power switch reaches the current limit threshold it is immediately turned OFF and the internal switching
frequency is reduced. This extends the OFF time of the switch to prevent a steady-state, high-current condition.
As the switch current falls below the current limit threshold, the switch turns back ON. If a load fault continues,
the switch again exceeds the threshold and switch back OFF. This results in a low duty cycle pulsing of the
power switch to minimize the overall fault condition power dissipation.
8.1.8 CSS Soft-Start Capacitor
This optional capacitor controls the rate at which the LM2673 starts up at power on. The capacitor is charged
linearly by an internal current source. This voltage ramp gradually increases the duty cycle of the power switch
until it reaches the normal operating duty cycle defined primarily by the ratio of the output voltage to the input
voltage. The soft-start turnon time is programmable by the selection of CSS.
The formula for selecting a soft-start capacitor is:
where
• ISST = Soft-start current, 3.7 µA typical
• tSS = Soft-start time, from design requirements
• VSST = Soft-start threshold voltage, 0.63 V typical
• VOUT = Output voltage, from design requirements
• VSCHOTTKY = Schottky diode voltage drop, typically 0.5 V
• VIN = Maximum input voltage, from design requirements (1)
If this feature is not desired, leave the soft-start pin (pin 7) open circuited.
With certain soft-start capacitor values and operating conditions, the LM2673 can exhibit an overshoot on the
output voltage during turnon. Especially when starting up into no load or low load, the soft-start function may not
be effective in preventing a larger voltage overshoot on the output. With larger loads or lower input voltages
during start-up this effect is minimized. In particular, avoid using soft-start capacitors between 0.033 µF and 1 µF.
8.1.9 Additional Application Information
When the output voltage is greater than approximately 6 V, and the duty cycle at minimum input voltage is
greater than approximately 50%, the designer should exercise caution in selection of the output filter
components. When an application designed to these specific operating conditions is subjected to a current limit
fault condition, it may be possible to observe a large hysteresis in the current limit. This can affect the output
voltage of the device until the load current is reduced sufficiently to allow the current limit protection circuit to
reset itself.
= 37,125
RADJ
ICL
Voltage
5V/3A
COUT
180 PF/16V
33 PH
L
Feedback
Boost
SR305
Ground
Current
VIN
Softstart
1 nF
Voltage
8V to 40V
Input
LM2673 - 5.0 Output
Switch
Output
0.01 PF
+
Limit
Adjust
8.2k
0.47 PF
++
CIN
2 x 15 PF/50V
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Application Information (continued)
Under current limiting conditions, the LM267x is designed to respond in the following manner:
1. At the moment when the inductor current reaches the current limit threshold, the ON-pulse is immediately
terminated. This happens for any application condition.
2. However, the current limit block is also designed to momentarily reduce the duty cycle to below 50% to avoid
subharmonic oscillations, which could cause the inductor to saturate.
3. Thereafter, once the inductor current falls below the current limit threshold, there is a small relaxation time
during which the duty cycle progressively rises back above 50% to the value required to achieve regulation.
If the output capacitance is sufficiently large, it may be possible that as the output tries to recover, the output
capacitor charging current is large enough to repeatedly re-trigger the current-limit circuit before the output has
fully settled. This condition is exacerbated with higher output voltage settings because the energy requirement of
the output capacitor varies as the square of the output voltage (½ CV2), thus requiring an increased charging
current.
A simple test to determine if this condition might exist for a suspect application is to apply a short circuit across
the output of the converter, and then remove the shorted output condition. In an application with properly
selected external components, the output recovers smoothly.
Practical values of external components that have been experimentally found to work well under these specific
operating conditions are COUT = 47 µF, L = 22 µH. It should be noted that even with these components, for a
device’s current limit of ICLIM, the maximum load current under which the possibility of the large current limit
hysteresis can be minimized is ICLIM / 2. For example, if the input is 24 V and the set output voltage is 18 V, then
for a desired maximum current of 1.5 A, the current limit of the chosen switcher must be confirmed to be at least
3 A.
Under extreme overcurrent or short-circuit conditions, the LM267X employs frequency foldback in addition to the
current limit. If the cycle-by-cycle inductor current increases above the current limit threshold (due to short circuit
or inductor saturation for example) the switching frequency is automatically reduced to protect the IC. Frequency
below 100 kHz is typical for an extreme short-circuit condition.
8.2 Typical Applications
8.2.1 Typical Application for All Output Voltage Versions
Figure 13. Basic Circuit for All Output Voltage Versions
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
Select the power supply operating conditions and the maximum output current and follow below procedures to
find the external components for LM2673.
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
Using the nomographs and tables in this data sheet (or use the available design software at www.ti.com) a
complete step-down regulator can be designed in a few simple steps.
Step 1: Define the power supply operating conditions:
• Required output voltage
• Maximum DC input voltage
• Maximum output load current
Step 2: Set the output voltage by selecting a fixed output LM2673 (3.3-V, 5-V, or 12-V applications) or determine
the required feedback resistors for use with the adjustable LM2673-ADJ
Step 3: Determine the inductor required by using one of the four nomographs, Figure 14 through Figure 17.
Table 3 provides a specific manufacturer and part number for the inductor.
Step 4: Using Table 5 and Table 6 (fixed output voltage) or Table 9 and Table 10 (adjustable output voltage),
determine the output capacitance required for stable operation. Table 1 and Table 10 provide the specific
capacitor type from the manufacturer of choice.
Step 5: Determine an input capacitor from Table 5 and Table 8 for fixed output voltage applications. Use Table 1
or Table 2 to find the specific capacitor type. For adjustable output circuits select a capacitor from Table 1 or
Table 2 with a sufficient working voltage (WV) rating greater than VIN maximum, and an RMS current rating
greater than one-half the maximum load current (2 or more capacitors in parallel may be required).
Step 6:Select an appropriate diode from Table 4. The current rating of the diode must be greater than ILOAD
maximum and the reverse voltage rating must be greater than VIN maximum.
Step 7: Include a 0.01-µF, 50-V capacitor for CBOOSTin the design and then determine the value of a soft-start
capacitor if desired.
Step 8: Define a value for RADJ to set the peak switch current limit to be at least 20% greater than IOUT maximum
to allow for at least 30% inductor ripple current (±15% of IOUT). For designs that must operate over the full
temperature range the switch current limit should be set to at least 50% greater than IOUT maximum (1.5 × IOUT
maximum).
8.2.1.2.1 Capacitor Selection Guides
Table 1. Input and Output Capacitor Codes—Surface Mount
CAPACITOR
REFERENCE
CODE
SURFACE MOUNT
AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES
C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A)
C1 330 6.3 1.15 120 6.3 1.1 100 6.3 0.82
C2 100 10 1.1 220 6.3 1.4 220 6.3 1.1
C3 220 10 1.15 68 10 1.05 330 6.3 1.1
C4 47 16 0.89 150 10 1.35 100 10 1.1
C5 100 16 1.15 47 16 1 150 10 1.1
C6 33 20 0.77 100 16 1.3 220 10 1.1
C7 68 20 0.94 180 16 1.95 33 20 0.78
C8 22 25 0.77 47 20 1.15 47 20 0.94
C9 10 35 0.63 33 25 1.05 68 20 0.94
C10 22 35 0.66 68 25 1.6 10 35 0.63
C11 — — — 15 35 0.75 22 35 0.63
C12 — — — 33 35 1 4.7 50 0.66
C13 — — — 15 50 0.9 — — —
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Table 2. Input and Output Capacitor Codes—Through Hole
CAPACITOR
REFERENCE
CODE
THROUGH HOLE
SANYO OS-CON SA SERIES SANYO MV-GX SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ SERIES
C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A)
C1 47 6.3 1 1000 6.3 0.8 680 10 0.8 82 35 0.4
C2 150 6.3 1.95 270 16 0.6 820 10 0.98 120 35 0.44
C3 330 6.3 2.45 470 16 0.75 1000 10 1.06 220 35 0.76
C4 100 10 1.87 560 16 0.95 1200 10 1.28 330 35 1.01
C5 220 10 2.36 820 16 1.25 2200 10 1.71 560 35 1.4
C6 33 16 0.96 1000 16 1.3 3300 10 2.18 820 35 1.62
C7 100 16 1.92 150 35 0.65 3900 10 2.36 1000 35 1.73
C8 150 16 2.28 470 35 1.3 6800 10 2.68 2200 35 2.8
C9 100 20 2.25 680 35 1.4 180 16 0.41 56 50 0.36
C10 47 25 2.09 1000 35 1.7 270 16 0.55 100 50 0.5
C11 — — — 220 63 0.76 470 16 0.77 220 50 0.92
C12 — — — 470 63 1.2 680 16 1.02 470 50 1.44
C13 — — — 680 63 1.5 820 16 1.22 560 50 1.68
C14 — — — 1000 63 1.75 1800 16 1.88 1200 50 2.22
C15 — — — — — — 220 25 0.63 330 63 1.42
C16 — — — — — — 220 35 0.79 1500 63 2.51
C17 — — — — — — 560 35 1.43 — — —
C18 — — — — — — 2200 35 2.68 — — —
C19 — — — — — — 150 50 0.82 — — —
C20 — — — — — — 220 50 1.04 — — —
C21 — — — — — — 330 50 1.3 — — —
C22 — — — — — — 100 63 0.75 — — —
C23 — — — — — — 390 63 1.62 — — —
C24 — — — — — — 820 63 2.22 — — —
C25 — — — — — — 1200 63 2.51 — — —
8.2.1.2.2 Inductor Selection Guide
Table 3. Inductor Manufacturer Part Numbers
INDUCTOR
REFERENCE
NUMBER
INDUCTANCE
(µH) CURRENT (A) RENCO PULSE ENGINEERING COILCRAFT
THROUGH
HOLE SURFACE
MOUNT THROUGH
HOLE SURFACE
MOUNT SURFACE
MOUNT
L23 33 1.35 RL-5471-7 RL1500-33 PE-53823 PE-53823S DO3316-333
L24 22 1.65 RL-1283-22-43 RL1500-22 PE-53824 PE-53824S DO3316-223
L25 15 2 RL-1283-15-43 RL1500-15 PE-53825 PE-53825S DO3316-153
L29 100 1.41 RL-5471-4 RL-6050-100 PE-53829 PE-53829S DO5022P-104
L30 68 1.71 RL-5471-5 RL6050-68 PE-53830 PE-53830S DO5022P-683
L31 47 2.06 RL-5471-6 RL6050-47 PE-53831 PE-53831S DO5022P-473
L32 33 2.46 RL-5471-7 RL6050-33 PE-53932 PE-53932S DO5022P-333
L33 22 3.02 RL-1283-22-43 RL6050-22 PE-53933 PE-53933S DO5022P-223
L34 15 3.65 RL-1283-15-43 — PE-53934 PE-53934S DO5022P-153
L38 68 2.97 RL-5472-2 — PE-54038 PE-54038S —
L39 47 3.57 RL-5472-3 — PE-54039 PE-54039S —
L40 33 4.26 RL-1283-33-43 — PE-54040 PE-54040S —
L41 22 5.22 RL-1283-22-43 — PE-54041 P0841 —
L44 68 3.45 RL-5473-3 — PE-54044 — —
L45 10 4.47 RL-1283-10-43 — — P0845 DO5022P-103HC
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Table 4. Schottky Diode Selection Table
REVERSE
VOLTAGE
(V)
SURFACE MOUNT THROUGH HOLE
3 A 5 A OR MORE 3 A 5 A OR MORE
20 SK32 — 1N5820 —
SR302
30 SK33 MBRD835L 1N5821 —
30WQ03F 31DQ03
40
SK34 MBRB1545CT 1N5822 —
30BQ040
6TQ045S
MBR340 MBR745
30WQ04F 31DQ04 80SQ045
MBRS340 SR403 6TQ045
MBRD340
50 or more SK35 —MBR350 —
30WQ05F 31DQ05
SR305
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
For Continuous Mode Operation
Figure 14. LM2673-3.3 Figure 15. LM2673-5
Figure 16. LM2673-12 Figure 17. LM2673-ADJ
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8.2.2 Fixed Output Voltage Application
Figure 18. Basic Circuit for Fixed Output Voltage Applications
8.2.2.1 Design Requirements
Select the power supply operating conditions and the maximum output current and follow below procedures to
find the external components for LM2673.
8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
A system logic power supply bus of 3.3 V is to be generated from a wall adapter which provides an unregulated
DC voltage of 13 V to 16 V. The maximum load current is 2.5 A. A soft-start delay time of 50 ms is desired.
Through-hole components are preferred.
Step 1: Operating conditions are:
• VOUT = 3.3 V
• VIN maximum = 16 V
• ILOAD maximum = 2.5 A
Step 2: Select an LM2673T-3.3. The output voltage has a tolerance of ±2% at room temperature and ±3% over
the full operating temperature range.
Step 3: Use the nomograph for the 3.3-V device, Figure 14. The intersection of the 16-V horizontal line (VIN max)
and the 2.5-A vertical line (ILOAD max) indicates that L33, a 22-µH inductor, is required.
From Table 3, L33 in a through-hole component is available from Renco with part number RL-1283-22-43 or part
number PE-53933 from Pulse Engineering.
Step 4: Use Table 5 or Table 6 to determine an output capacitor. With a 3.3-V output and a 33-µH inductor there
are four through-hole output capacitor solutions with the number of same type capacitors to be paralleled and an
identifying capacitor code given. Table 1 or Table 2 provide the actual capacitor characteristics. Any of the
following choices will work in the circuit:
• 1 × 220-µF, 10-V Sanyo OS-CON (code C5)
• 1 × 1000-µF, 35-V Sanyo MV-GX (code C10)
• 1 × 2200-µF, 10-V Nichicon PL (code C5)
• 1 × 1000-µF, 35-V Panasonic HFQ (code C7)
Step 5:Use Table 5 or Table 8 to select an input capacitor. With 3.3-V output and 22 µH there are three through-
hole solutions. These capacitors provide a sufficient voltage rating and an RMS current rating greater than 1.25 A
(1/2 ILOAD max). Again using Table 1 or Table 2 for specific component characteristics the following choices are
suitable:
• 1 × 1000-µF, 63-V Sanyo MV-GX (code C14)
• 1 × 820-µF, 63-V Nichicon PL (code C24)
• 1 × 560-µF, 50-V Panasonic HFQ (code C13)
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(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel
(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Step 6: From Table 4 a 3-A or more Schottky diode must be selected. The 20-V rated diodes are sufficient for
the application and for through-hole components two part types are suitable:
• 1N5820
• SR302
Step 7: A 0.01-µF capacitor will be used for CBOOST. For the 50-ms soft-start delay the following parameters are
to be used:
• ISST: 3.7 µA
• tSS: 50 mS
• VSST: 0.63 V
• VOUT: 3.3 V
• VSCHOTTKY: 0.5 V
• VIN: 16 V
Using VIN max ensures that the soft-start delay time will be at least the desired 50 ms.
Using the formula for CSS a value of 0.148 µF is determined to be required. Use of a standard value 0.22-µF
capacitor will produce more than sufficient soft-start delay.
Step 8: Determine a value for RADJ to provide a peak switch current limit of at least 2.5 A plus 50% or 3.75 A.
(2)
Use a value of 10 kΩ.
8.2.2.2.1 Capacitor Selection
Table 5. Output Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Surface Mount(1)(2)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE
(µH)
SURFACE MOUNT
AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
3.3
10 4 C2 3 C1 4 C4
15 4 C2 3 C1 4 C4
22 3 C2 2 C7 3 C4
33 2 C2 2 C6 2 C4
5
10 4 C2 4 C6 4 C4
15 3 C2 2 C7 3 C4
22 3 C2 2 C7 3 C4
33 2 C2 2 C3 2 C4
47 2 C2 1 C7 2 C4
12
10 4 C5 3 C6 5 C9
15 3 C5 2 C7 4 C8
22 2 C5 2 C6 3 C8
33 2 C5 1 C7 2 C8
47 2 C4 1 C6 2 C8
68 1 C5 1 C5 2 C7
100 1 C4 1 C5 1 C8
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(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel
(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
Table 6. Output Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Through Hole(1)(2)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
(V)
INDUCTANC
E (µH)
THROUGH HOLE
SANYO OS-CON SA
SERIES SANYO MV-GX SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
3.3
10 1 C3 1 C10 1 C6 2 C6
15 1 C3 1 C10 1 C6 2 C5
22 1 C5 1 C10 1 C5 1 C7
33 1 C2 1 C10 1 C13 1 C5
5
10 2 C4 1 C10 1 C6 2 C5
15 1 C5 1 C10 1 C5 1 C6
22 1 C5 1 C5 1 C5 1 C5
33 1 C4 1 C5 1 C13 1 C5
47 1 C4 1 C4 1 C13 2 C3
12
10 2 C7 2 C5 1 C18 2 C5
15 1 C8 1 C5 1 C17 1 C5
22 1 C7 1 C5 1 C13 1 C5
33 1 C7 1 C3 1 C11 1 C4
47 1 C7 1 C3 1 C10 1 C3
68 1 C7 1 C2 1 C10 1 C3
100 1 C7 1 C2 1 C9 1 C1
(1) Assumes worst case maximum input voltage and load current for a given inductance value
(2) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel
(3) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
(4) Check voltage rating of capacitors to be greater than application input voltage.
Table 7. Input Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Surface Mount(1)(2)(3)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE
(µH)
SURFACE MOUNT
AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
3.3
10 2 C5 1 C7 2 C8
15 3 C9 1 C10 3 C10
22 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12
33 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 2 C12
5
10 2 C5 1 C7 2 C8
15 2 C5 1 C7 2 C8
22 3 C10 2 C12 3 C11
33 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12
47 See(4) See(4) 1 C13 2 C12
12
10 2 C7 2 C10 2 C7
15 2 C7 2 C10 2 C7
22 3 C10 2 C12 3 C10
33 3 C10 2 C12 3 C10
47 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12
68 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 2 C12
100 See(4) See(4) 1 C13 2 C12
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(1) Assumes worst case maximum input voltage and load current for a given inductance value
(2) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel
(3) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
(4) Check voltage rating of capacitors to be greater than application input voltage.
Table 8. Input Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Through Hole(1)(2)(3)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
(V)
INDUCTANC
E (µH)
THROUGH HOLE
SANYO OS-CON SA
SERIES SANYO MV-GX SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
3.3
10 1 C7 2 C4 1 C5 1 C6
15 1 C10 1 C10 1 C18 1 C6
22 See(4) See(4) 1 C14 1 C24 1 C13
33 See(4) See(4) 1 C12 1 C20 1 C12
5
10 1 C7 2 C4 1 C14 1 C6
15 1 C7 2 C4 1 C14 1 C6
22 See(4) See(4) 1 C10 1 C18 1 C13
33 See(4) See(4) 1 C14 1 C23 1 C13
47 See(4) See(4) 1 C12 1 C20 1 C12
12
10 1 C9 1 C10 1 C18 1 C6
15 1 C10 1 C10 1 C18 1 C6
22 1 C10 1 C10 1 C18 1 C6
33 See(4) See(4) 1 C10 1 C18 1 C6
47 See(4) See(4) 1 C13 1 C23 1 C13
68 See(4) See(4) 1 C12 1 C21 1 C12
100 See(4) See(4) 1 C11 1 C22 1 C11
8.2.3 Adjustable Output Design Example
Figure 19. Basic Circuit for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications
8.2.3.1 Design Requirements
Select the power supply operating conditions and the maximum output current and follow below procedures to
find the external components for LM2673.
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8.2.3.2 Detailed Design Procedure
In this example, it is desired to convert the voltage from a two battery automotive power supply (voltage range of
20 V to 28 V, typical in large truck applications) to the 14.8-VDC alternator supply typically used to power
electronic equipment from single battery 12-V vehicle systems. The load current required is 2 A (maximum). It is
also desired to implement the power supply with all surface mount components. Soft start is not required.
Step 1: Operating conditions are:
• VOUT = 14.8 V
• VIN maximum = 28 V
• ILOAD maximum = 2 A
Step 2: Select an LM2673S-ADJ. To set the output voltage to 14.9 V, two resistors need to be chosen (R1 and
R2 in Figure 19). For the adjustable device the output voltage is set by the following relationship:
where
• VFB is the feedback voltage of typically 1.21 V (3)
A recommended value to use for R1 is 1kΩ. In this example then R2 is determined to be:
(4)
R2 = 11.23 kΩ
The closest standard 1% tolerance value to use is 11.3 kΩ
This sets the nominal output voltage to 14.88 V which is within 0.5% of the target value.
Step 3:To use the nomograph for the adjustable device, Figure 17, requires a calculation of the inductor Volt •
microsecond constant (E • T expressed in V • µS) from the following formula:
where
• VSAT is the voltage drop across the internal power switch which is Rds(ON) times ILOAD (5)
In this example this would be typically 0.15 Ω× 2 A or 0.3 V and VDis the voltage drop across the forward
biased Schottky diode, typically 0.5 V. The switching frequency of 260 KHz is the nominal value to use to
estimate the ON time of the switch during which energy is stored in the inductor.
For this example E • T is found to be:
(6)
(7)
Using Figure 17, the intersection of 27 V • µS horizontally and the 2-A vertical line (ILOAD max) indicates that L38,
a 68-µH inductor, must be used.
From Table 3, L38 in a surface mount component is available from Pulse Engineering with part number PE-
54038S.
Step 4: Use Table 9 or Table 10 to determine an output capacitor. With a 14.8-V output the 12.5-V to 15-V row is
used and with a 68-µH inductor there are three surface mount output capacitor solutions. Table 1 or Table 2
provide the actual capacitor characteristics based on the C Code number. Any of the following choices can be
used:
• 1 × 33-µF, 20-V AVX TPS (code C6)
• 1 × 47-µF, 20-V Sprague 594 (code C8)
• 1 × 47-µF, 20-V Kemet T495 (code C8)
23
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(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel
(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
(3) Set to a higher value for a practical design solution.
NOTE
When using the adjustable device in low voltage applications (less than 3-V output), if the
nomograph, Figure 17, selects an inductance of 22 µH or less, Table 9 and Table 10 do
not provide an output capacitor solution. With these conditions the number of output
capacitors required for stable operation becomes impractical. TI recommends either a 33-
µH or 47-µH inductor and the output capacitors from Table 9 or Table 10.
Step 5: An input capacitor for this example will require at least a 35-V WV rating with an RMS current rating of 1
A (1/2 IOUT max). From Table 1 or Table 2 it can be seen that C12, a 33-µF, 35-V capacitor from Sprague, has
the required voltage and current rating of the surface mount components.
Step 6: From Table 4 aA 3-A Schottky diode must be selected. For surface mount diodes with a margin of safety
on the voltage rating one of five diodes can be used:
• SK34
• 30BQ040
• 30WQ04F
• MBRS340
• MBRD340
Step 7: A 0.01-µF capacitor is used for CBOOST.
The soft-start pin will be left open circuited.
Step 8: Determine a value for RADJ to provide a peak switch current limit of at least 2 A plus 50% or 3 A.
(8)
Use a value of 12.4 kΩ.
8.2.3.2.1 Capacitor Selection
Table 9. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Surface Mount(1)(2)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE
(µH)
SURFACE MOUNT
AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
1.21 to 2.5 33(3) 7 C1 6 C2 7 C3
47(3) 5 C1 4 C2 5 C3
2.5 to 3.75 33(3) 4 C1 3 C2 4 C3
47(3) 3 C1 2 C2 3 C3
3.75 to 5 22 4 C1 3 C2 4 C3
33 3 C1 2 C2 3 C3
47 2 C1 2 C2 2 C3
5 to 6.25
22 3 C2 3 C3 3 C4
33 2 C2 2 C3 2 C4
47 2 C2 2 C3 2 C4
68 1 C2 1 C3 1 C4
6.25 to 7.5
22 3 C2 1 C4 3 C4
33 2 C2 1 C3 2 C4
47 1 C3 1 C4 1 C6
68 1 C2 1 C3 1 C4
24
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Table 9. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Surface Mount(1)(2) (continued)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE
(µH)
SURFACE MOUNT
AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
7.5 to 10
33 2 C5 1 C6 2 C8
47 1 C5 1 C6 2 C8
68 1 C5 1 C6 1 C8
100 1 C4 1 C5 1 C8
10 to 12.5
33 1 C5 1 C6 2 C8
47 1 C5 1 C6 2 C8
68 1 C5 1 C6 1 C8
100 1 C5 1 C6 1 C8
12.5 to 15
33 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8
47 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8
68 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8
100 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8
15 to 20
33 1 C8 1 C10 2 C10
47 1 C8 1 C9 2 C10
68 1 C8 1 C9 2 C10
100 1 C8 1 C9 1 C10
20 to 30
33 2 C9 2 C11 2 C11
47 1 C10 1 C12 1 C11
68 1 C9 1 C12 1 C11
100 1 C9 1 C12 1 C11
30 to 37
10
No Values Available
4 C13 8 C12
15 3 C13 5 C12
22 2 C13 4 C12
33 1 C13 3 C12
47 1 C13 2 C12
68 1 C13 2 C12
(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel
(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.
(3) Set to a higher value for a practical design solution.
Table 10. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Through Hole(1)(2)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANC
E (µH)
THROUGH HOLE
SANYO OS-CON SA
SERIES SANYO MV-GX
SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
1.21 to 2.5 33(3) 2 C3 5 C1 5 C3 3 C
47(3) 2 C2 4 C1 3 C3 2 C5
2.5 to 3.75 33(3) 1 C3 3 C1 3 C1 2 C5
47(3) 1 C2 2 C1 2 C3 1 C5
3.75 to 5 22 1 C3 3 C1 3 C1 2 C5
33 1 C2 2 C1 2 C1 1 C5
47 1 C2 2 C1 1 C3 1 C5
5 to 6.25
22 1 C5 2 C6 2 C3 2 C5
33 1 C4 1 C6 2 C1 1 C5
47 1 C4 1 C6 1 C3 1 C5
68 1 C4 1 C6 1 C1 1 C5
25
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Table 10. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Through Hole(1)(2) (continued)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANC
E (µH)
THROUGH HOLE
SANYO OS-CON SA
SERIES SANYO MV-GX
SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ
SERIES
NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE
6.25 to 7.5
22 1 C5 1 C6 2 C1 1 C5
33 1 C4 1 C6 1 C3 1 C5
47 1 C4 1 C6 1 C1 1 C5
68 1 C4 1 C2 1 C1 1 C5
7.5 to 10
33 1 C7 1 C6 1 C14 1 C5
47 1 C7 1 C6 1 C14 1 C5
68 1 C7 1 C2 1 C14 1 C2
100 1 C7 1 C2 1 C14 1 C2
10 to 12.5
33 1 C7 1 C6 1 C14 1 C5
47 1 C7 1 C2 1 C14 1 C5
68 1 C7 1 C2 1 C9 1 C2
100 1 C7 1 C2 1 C9 1 C2
12.5 to 15
33 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2
47 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2
68 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2
100 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2
15 to 20
33 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2
47 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2
68 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2
100 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2
20 to 30
33
No Values Available
1 C7 1 C16 1 C2
47 1 C7 1 C16 1 C2
68 1 C7 1 C16 1 C2
100 1 C7 1 C16 1 C2
30 to 37
10
No Values Available
1 C12 1 C20 1 C10
15 1 C11 1 C20 1 C11
22 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10
33 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10
47 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10
68 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10
26
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
The LM2673 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply up to 40 V. This input supply must be well
regulated and able to withstand maximum input current and maintain a stable voltage.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
Board layout is critical for the proper operation of switching power supplies. First, the ground plane area must be
sufficient for thermal dissipation purposes. Second, appropriate guidelines must be followed to reduce the effects
of switching noise. Switch mode converters are very fast switching devices. In such cases, the rapid increase of
input current combined with the parasitic trace inductance generates unwanted L di/dt noise spikes. The
magnitude of this noise tends to increase as the output current increases. This noise may turn into
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can also cause problems in device performance. Therefore, take care in
layout to minimize the effect of this switching noise. The most important layout rule is to keep the AC current
loops as small as possible. Figure 20 shows the current flow in a buck converter. The top schematic shows a
dotted line which represents the current flow during the top switch ON-state. The middle schematic shows the
current flow during the top switch OFF-state. The bottom schematic shows the currents referred to as AC
currents. These ac currents are the most critical because they are changing in a very short time period. The
dotted lines of the bottom schematic are the traces to keep as short and wide as possible. This also yields a
small loop area reducing the loop inductance. To avoid functional problems due to layout, review the PCB layout
example. Best results are achieved if the placement of the LM2679 device, the bypass capacitor, the Schottky
diode, RFBB, RFBT, and the inductor are placed as shown in the example. Note that, in the layout shown, R1 =
RFBB and R2 = RFBT. TI also recommends using 2-oz. copper boards or heavier to help thermal dissipation and
to reduce the parasitic inductances of board traces. See application note AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER® PCB
Layout Guidelines for more information.
Figure 20. Typical Current Flow in a Buck Converter
27
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10.2 Layout Example
Figure 21. Top Layer Foil Pattern of Printed-Circuit Board
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
•AN-1187 Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP) (SNOA401)
•AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER® PCB Layout Guidelines (SNVA054)
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.3 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.4 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 —TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
12.1 DAP (VSON Package)
The Die Attach Pad (DAP) can and should be connected to PCB Ground plane or island. For CAD and assembly
guidelines refer to Application Note AN-1187 at www.ti.com/lsds/ti/analog/powermanagement/power_portal.page.
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LM2673SD-12/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SD-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SD-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SD-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SDX-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 330.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SDX-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 330.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SDX-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 330.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1
LM2673SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2673SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2673SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2673SX-ADJ DDPAK/
TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2673SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 16-Feb-2016
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LM2673SD-12/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0
LM2673SD-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0
LM2673SD-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0
LM2673SD-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0
LM2673SDX-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM2673SDX-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM2673SDX-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM2673SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2673SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2673SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2673SX-ADJ DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2673SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 16-Feb-2016
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
KTW0007B
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BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE
TS7B (Rev E)
MECHANICAL DATA
NHM0014A
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SRC14A (Rev A)
MECHANICAL DATA
NDZ0007B
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TA07B (Rev E)
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LM2673S-12 LM2673S-12/NOPB LM2673S-3.3 LM2673S-3.3/NOPB LM2673S-5.0 LM2673S-5.0/NOPB
LM2673S-ADJ LM2673S-ADJ/NOPB LM2673SD-12 LM2673SD-12/NOPB LM2673SD-3.3 LM2673SD-3.3/NOPB
LM2673SD-5.0 LM2673SD-5.0/NOPB LM2673SD-ADJ LM2673SD-ADJ/NOPB LM2673SDX-12 LM2673SDX-
12/NOPB LM2673SDX-3.3 LM2673SDX-3.3/NOPB LM2673SDX-5.0 LM2673SDX-5.0/NOPB LM2673SDX-ADJ
LM2673SDX-ADJ/NOPB LM2673SX-12 LM2673SX-12/NOPB LM2673SX-3.3 LM2673SX-3.3/NOPB LM2673SX-5.0
LM2673SX-5.0/NOPB LM2673SX-ADJ LM2673SX-ADJ/NOPB LM2673T-12 LM2673T-12/NOPB LM2673T-3.3
LM2673T-3.3/NOPB LM2673T-5.0 LM2673T-5.0/NOPB LM2673T-ADJ LM2673T-ADJ/NOPB