Silicon Controlled Rectifier Flat Pack Design Model C108 Up to 600 Volts 5 Amperes (RMS) [_Medelce PRODUCT FEATURES The Type C108 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) O has the following outstanding features: c10s TYPE 4 LOW COST C108 SENSITIVE Operates directly from low signal TYPE 2 LL sensors such as thermistors, photo-conductive cells, etc. VERSATILE Designed for a variety of mount-down methodsprinted circuit, plug-in socket, screws, eet c108 | or point-to-point soldering TYPE 3 RUGGED, COMPACT Uses a solid plastic encapsulant in rectangular shape for high density packaging (PULL SIZE) TYPICAL APPLICATIONS MOTOR CONTROL Electric Model Trains REMOTE CONTROL Armchair TV Control Sewing Machines Master Switching Stations for Movie Projectors Home Food Mixers Garage Door Openers Electric Fans Power Switch Slot Racing Cars Jlothes D 5 LIGHT Flame Detectors DRYNESS Clothes Dryness Sensor Moving-Light 8i Chasers swat font igns (Chasers) PROXIMITY Burglar Alarm Driver for Computer Readout Lights Harbor Buoy Flashers Automotive Warning Systems Touch Switch Electric Door Openers Nixie. & Neon Drivers COUNTING Low Speed Ring Counters TEMPERATURE Range Surface Unit (Hybrid) Shift Registers Chemical Processing (Photographic, etc.) SWITCHING Relay Replacement Food Warmer Tray Solenoid Drivers Bearing Temperature Sensor Latching Relay Replacement Electric Blanket Control Power Flip Mops PRESSURE Auto Oil Pressure Gage ow Power inverters Hot Water Boiler Safety Monitor Thyratron Tube Replacement AMPLIFIERS Gate Amplifier for Larger SCRs, Triacs TIME Photo Darkroom Exposure _Blenders Oven Timer -Hand Tools Vending Machine Logic i Industrial Process Control IGNITION Small Gas Engines LIQUID LEVEL Basement Sump Pump Gas Appliances Automatic Coffee Maker Automatic Shutoff for Vending DETECTION Voltage (Battery Charger) Machines Current (Crowbar) 733MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE RATINGS Repetitive Peak Forward Blocking Working and Repetitive Voltage, Vex Peak Reverse Voltage, Type RGK = 1000 Ohms VRom(wkg) and Vroiy(rep) Ty = -40C to +110C Ty = -40C to +110C C108Q1, C108Q2, C108Q3, C108Q4 15 Volts 15 Volts C1O8Y1, CLO8BY2, C108Y3, C108Y4 30 Volts 30 Volts C108F1, C1O8F2, C108F3, C108F4 50 Volts 50 Volts C108A1, C108 A2, C108A3, C108 A4 100 Volts 100 Volts C108B1, C108B2, C108B3, C108B4 200 Voits 200 Volts C108C1, C1LO8C2, C108C3, C108C4 300 Volts 300 Volts C108D1, C108D2, C108D3, C108D4 400 Volts 400 Voits C1O8E1, C108E2, C108E3, C108E4 500 Volts 500 Volts C108M1, C108M2, C108M3, C108M4 600 Volts 600 Volts RMS Forward Current, On-State 2.0. ee ee ee eee te ee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee 5 Amperes Rate of Rise of Forward Current (non-repetitive), di/dt (See Chart 9) 2... ee ce ee te ee ee eee 50 Amperes/Microsecond Peak Forward Current, On-State (repetitive)... 0. ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 75 Amperes* Peak One Cycle Surge Forward Current, Non-Repetitive, [py (surge)... 6 ee ee ee eee eee eens 30 Amperes rt (for fusing) 2.2... ew ee ee we ee ee tee ee tee ee wee 1.0 Ampere seconds (for times 1.5 Milliseconds) Peak Gate Power, Pom ee ee ee eee ee ee eee ee ee ets 0.5 Watt Average Gate Power, er TN 5 0.1 Watt Peak Gate Current, IGEM + ee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee 0.2 Amperes Peak Reverse Gate Voltage, VGRM ee eee ee ee ee tees 6 Volts Storage Temperature, Tytg oe ee eee eee eee tee eee ete -40C to +150C Operating Temperature. 2... ee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee ee eee ee ee eee tees ~40C to +110C *This rating applies for operation at 60 Hz, 75C maximum tab (or anode) lead temperature, switching from 80 volts peak, sinusoidal current pulse width 10 sec, minimum, 15 Msec. maximum, JUNCTION TEMP= 110C JUNCTION TEMP =25C INSTANTANEOUS FORWARD CURRENT-AMPERES e INCREASES TO FORWARD BREAKOVER VOLTAGE 10 20 INSTANTANEOUS ON- VOLTAGE VOLTS 1. Maximum Forward Characteristics, On State 734NOTES: (I) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE = {10C (2) RESISTIVE OR INDUCTIVE LOAD, $0 TO 400 Hz HALF SINE WAVE ON-STATE CURRENT DC ON-STATE CURRENT AVERAGE ON-STATE POWER DISSIPATION WATTS 2 3 4 5 AVERAGE OR DC ON-STATE CURRENT, AMPERES 2. Maximum On-State Power Dissipation GATE TRIGGER VOLTAGE VOLTS 2 o- T T Le CURRENT AT-40C - MILLIAMPERES: MAXIMUM GATE TRIGGER, CURRENT aT + 25C TRIGGER VOLTAGE 40C GATE TRIGGER CURRENT MAXIMUM GATE TRIGGER VOLTAGE aT +25C NOTE APPLIES FOR RECTANGULAR TRIGGER PULSES O1 02 0406 1 2 4 6810 4 oe 8 20 0 60100 200 400 609, 1900 GATE PULSE WIDTH ~ MICROSECONDS 3. Maximum Gate Trigger Current and Voltage Variation with Trigger Pulse Width CHARACTERISTICS Test Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions Reverse or Forward IaRM _~ OL 10 MA Varm = Yoru = Rated Value. Blocking Current or Ty = 25C, Rex = 1000 Ohms (All Types) TpRM _ 10 100 MA Varm = Yorn = Rated Valuc. Te = 110C, Rex = 1000 Ohms. *DC Gate Trigger Iot - 30 200 MAdc TL = 25C, Vo = 6 Fde, RL = 100 Ohms Current Rex = 1000 Ohms - 75 500 MAdc TL =-40C, Vo. = 6 Vde, Ry = 100 Ohms Rex = 1000 Ohms DC Gate Trigger Vert 0.4 0.5 0.8 Volts Ty = 25C, Vp, = 6 Vde, Ry = 100 Ohms Voltage we Roe, = 1000 Ohms 0.5 0.7 1.0 Volts TL =-40C, Vp = 6 Vde, Ry = 100 Ohms bc Rgx = 1000 Ohms 0.2 - - Volts TL = 110C, Vp = Rated VprM Value be R,_ = 3000 Ohms, Rex = 1000 Ohms Peak On-Voltage Vim - 1.2 1.35 Volts Ty = 25C, I+n, = 5 Amperes Peak, Single Half Sine Wave Pulse, 2 Millisec. Wide Holding Current Ty 0.3 1.0 3.0 mAdc Ty = 25C, Vo = 12 Vde, Rew = 1000 Ohms 0.4 2.0 6.0 mAdc TL =-40C, Vp = 12 Vdc, Rex = 1000 Ohms 0.14 0.6 2.0 mAde TL = 110C, Vp = 12 Vdc, Re = 1000 Ohms Latching Current ip 0.3 1.5 4.0 mAdc TL = 25C, Vp = 12 Vde, Rex = 1000 Ohms 0.4 3.0 8.0 mAdc TL =-40C, Vp = 12 Vde, Rex = 1000 Ohms Critical Rate of dv/dt - 8 - Volts/ TL = 110C, Vp = Rated Vorn Value Rise of Forward Micro- Rok = 1000 Ohms Blocking Voltage second Turn On Time tgtt, - 1.2 - Micro- TL = 259C, Vpx = Rated Vorm Value seconds lem = 1 Ampere, Gate Pulse = 4 Volts, 300 Ohms, 5 Microseconds Wide. Circuit Commutated ty - 40 100 Micro- T, = 110C, rectangular current waveform. Turn-Off Time seconds Rate of rise of current < 10 amps/psec. Rate of reversal of current <5 amps/pisec. Itm = 1 Amp (S50 psec pulse). Repetition Rate = 60 pps. VRram= Rated. V_q = 15 Volts Minimum. V oam= Rated. Rate of Rise Reapplied Forward Blocking Voltage = 5 Volts/Usec. Gate Bias = 0 Volts, 100 Ohms (during turn-off time interval). The lead temperature (T 1} is measured in the center of the tab, 1/16 inch from the body on Type 1 and Type 3 devices and in the center of the anode lead, 1/16unch from the body on Type 2 and Type 4 devices. 735PEAK SINE WAVE FORWARD CURRENT AMPERES. HOLDING CURRENT MILLIAMPERES MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE, C 110 Y Z KN \ .. WN f _t TYPES (+3 TAB TEMP TYPES 2+4 BIER ANODE LEAD TEMP MF see NOTE 3) f+ CONDUCTING-tle- BLOCKING ~>{ }e-ONE SUPPLY CYCLE ol + 1go 360 (SEE NOTE 3) \\ TYPES | AMBIENT TEMP (SEE NOTE 4) \ NOTES: (1 RESISTIVE, Ee NgucTIVE (2) RATINGS DERIVED FOR .O1 WATT {3) TEMPERATURES ARE MEASURED AVERAGE GATE POWER DISSIPATION \VI6" FROM BODY ON EITHER TAB OR ANODE LEAD AS INDICATED. 30 \ \ \ (4) TAB VERTICAL IN FREE AIR 20 t I 2 4 ANERAGE ON-STATE CURRENT AMPERES (HALF SINE WAVE} 4. Maximum Allowable Temperatures for Half Sine Wave On-State Current 100 TT 80 I. _-} ta - : [ 60 | i | |_| t t | 40 ~ NOTES (1) CURVES SHOWN ARE FOR VARIOUS | : ; JUNCTION TEMPERATURES. ! ! | (2) ANODE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (2 VOLTS _ NLU} (G@) cauTion: stanoaro Forwaro eLocKiNG |__, 20 VOLTAGE RATING DOES NOT APPLY FOR im : GATE TO CATHODE RESISTANCES GREATER | THAN 1000 OHMS: | | 10 N\ MAXIMUM AT 40C ' 8 I -+ 4 +| 6 NO MAXIMUM AT 25C --+ NQ NY a 2 oN MAXOAUM AT OC: a ; M | S| os os = ; MINIMUM AT - 40C NS oe MINIMUM AT 25C 4 1 oo 02 | <j MIMUM AT = NY L o | | K 100 200 400 600 6001000 2000 4000 6009 f 10000 GATE TO CATHODE RESISTANCE -OHMS 6. Maximum and Minimum Holding Current Variation with External Gate-to-Cathode Resistance N NOTE: \ JUNCTION TEMPERATURE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO SURGE>-409C TO + 110C \ t 2 4 6 610 20 CYCLES AT 60H2 40 60 8. Maximum Allowable Non-Repetitive Peak Surge Forward Current T NOTES: (1) RESISTIVE OR INDUCTIVE LoaD INN 80 (4) TAB VERTICAL IN FREE AIR (2) RATINGS DERIVED FOR .O1 WATT AVERAGE GATE POWER DISSIPATION 3) Tewpenarunes ARE MEASURED 1716" FROM BOL'Y ON EITHER TAB OR ANODE LEAD AS INDICATED 70 Ne \ WN WANE EK N \ | TYPES (+3 40 TAB TEMP < {SEE NOTE 3) TYPES 24+4 N ANODE LEAD TEMP TYPES 143 AMBIENT TEMP (SEE NOTE 4) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE ,C 30 {SEE NOTE 3} TYPE 244 ANODE LEAD TEMP \ 20 i 2 3 4 BC ON-STATE CURRENT AMPERES: 5 5. Maximum Allowable Temperatures for DC On-State Current 1900 TT 800 | + pend o 4{-_| + 600 + i | ao0 FL 4 4 4 - t.-f..-4.-1 1. g \ \ | JUNCTICN TO AMBIENT i TYPES 284 NOTE: (1) TAB AND ANODE LEAD REFERENCE i NS g 200 | POINTS ARE 1/16 INCH FROM DEVICE BODY. DUNCTION TO AMB-ENT Ss 2 (2) THERMAL IMPEDANCE FROM JUNCTION TO = ] ; 100 AMBIENT FOR TYPES 1 AND 3 APPLY FOR t w 80 MOUNTING WITH THE TAB VERTICAL IN Zz 60 FREE AIR: FOR TYPE 2 AND 4 IN ANY i 40 POSITION IN FREE AIR. = ~ 99 JUNCTION TO ANODE LEAD d Lt TYPES 284 z= JUNCTION TO TAB TYPES 183 | = 4 4 e & ~~ ~T o fp to g 4 z << = - 2 | jo" t O00! 0.002 0004 001 002 004 Of 02 O04 4 2 4 19 20040 too INSTANTANEOUS FORWARD ANODE CURRENT-AMPERES 736 TIME IN SECONDS 7. Maximum Transient Thermal Impedance 00 80 = 60 Y 40 20 NOTES: (1) OC TO 400 PRS. _LJ (2) JUNCTION TEMPER- ATURE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO TURN-ON#--40C 10 TO +110C. (3) SWITCHING FROM 8 RATED VOLTAGE. 7 e Sf. (4) GATE SUPPLY: 5 VOLT _| 7 OPEN CIRCUIT, 300 CHM, 1S5p SEC SQUARE WAVE 4 PULSE, RISE TIME *O0.1p 7 SEC MAXIMUM. INSTANTANEOUS VALUE OF ANODE CURRENT 2- MUST NEVER EXCEED TURN-ON CURRENT LIMIT LINE SHOWN. | 02 O04 O06 08 | TIME FROM START OF CURRENT FLOW- MICROSECONDS 2 4 B 10 9. Turn-On Current LimitMOUNTING METHODS | C108 The C108, because of its unique package design, is capable of being mounted in a variety of methods; depending upon the heatsink requirements and the circuit packaging methods. The leads will bend easily, either perpendicular to the flat or to any angle, and may also be bent, if desired, immediately next to the plastic case. For sharp angle bends (90 or larger), a lead should be bent only once; since repeated bending will fatigue or break the lead. Bending in other directions may be performed as long as the lead is held firmly between the case and the bend, so that the strain on the lead is not transmitted to the plastic case. The mounting tab may also be bent or formed into any convenient shape so long as it is held firmly between the plastic case and the area to be formed or bent. Without this precaution, bending may fracture the plastic case and permanently damage the unit. As aservice to its customers, the General Electric Company provides a lead and tab shaping capability. Any of the derived types shown in the following chart are available direct from the factory to original equipment manufacturers. DERIVED TYPES (The types shown below are derived from the basic types illustrated in the left-hand column.) BASIC TYPES PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD MOUNTING RIVET OR SCREW MOUNTING TO FLAT SURFACE (Upright or Flat) O fl i20 ft ox 120 "080 bs. 332 REF. 4 7 2120, : s* "080 + c I i se b= 465 REF 4 hl C108 Type 1 C108 Type 11 C108 Type 12 a 2120 080 a 0 be 332 REF. on Bi + FA t b C108 Type 2 C108 Type 21 O mi +! Cr ae 180 120 b= 465 REF C108 Type 3 C108 Type 32 420 9* 380 C108 CONVERSIONS be193 REF. INCHES MILLIMETERS INCHES MILLIMETERS .120 3.048 EF REF 080 20031 .332 REF. 8.433 . u .160 4.064 .420 10.668 | | r -120 3.047 .380 9.651 walt i .193 REF. 4,902 REF. .465 REF. 11,811 REF. C108 Type 4 C108 Type 41 737SIMPLE TEST CIRCUIT FOR THE C108 SCR* Gate Trigger Voltage and Current Measurement RESET - NORMALLY CLOSED PUSHBUTTON glo 3 6 VOC GE Al4B > 100 RI //2W Vi 0-10 volt DC meter Ver 0-1 volt DC meter Ics - 0-1mA DC milliameter Rl 1K potentiometer To measure gate trigger voltage and current, raise gate voltage (Vc) until meter reading V, drops from 6 volts to 1 volt. Gate trigger voltage is the reading on Voy just prior to V, dropping. Gate trigger current I,; can be computed from the relationship: Ier = I Ver om s ct = les 1000 p where Ics is reading (in amps) on meter just prior to V, dropping. NOTE: I, may turn out to be a nega- tive quantity (trigger current flows owt from gate lead). * For more sophisticated equipment suitable for testing the C108 SCR see GE Application Note 200.19 Using Low Current SCRs. 738REPRESENTATIVE APPLICATIONS OF THE C108 SCR 1. Emergency Light This simple circuit provides battery operated emergency lighting instantaneously upon failure of the regular AC service. When line power is restored, the emergency light turns off and the battery recharges automatically. The circuit is ideal for use in elevator cars, corridors and similar places where loss of light due to power failure would be undesirable. Completely static in operation, the circuit requires no maintenance. With AC power on, capacitor Cl charges through rectifier CR1 and resistor R1 to develop a nega- tive DC voltage at the gate of the C108Y SCR. By this means the SCR is prevented from triggering, and the emergency light stays off. At the same time, the battery is kept fully charged by rectifier CR2 and re- sistor R2. Should the AC power fail, C1 discharges and the SCR is triggered on by battery power through resistor R3. The SCR then energizes the emergency light. Reset is automatic when AC is restored, because the peak AC line voltage biases the SCR and turns it off. o se CR2-GE AgOF ciosyY scr GE R2-CURRENT LIMITING 1073 LAMP AS REQUIRED 240/120 cl VOLTS AC 10OMF = 18V + a R3 = RI IK = l2 VOLT BATTERY 100 > = cRI + Ge Alar ALi. RESISTORS (72 WATT EXCEPT AS NOTED 240/120|12.6 VOLT TRANSFORMER 2. Universal Motor Speed Control This circuit can replace the carbon-pile speed controller commonly supplied with household sewing ma- chines. It is equally effective for use with other small AC-DC motors, such as those found in food mixers and similar traffic appliances. Maximum current capability is 1.5 amps. Provision of speed-dependent feed- back gives excellent torque characteristics to the motor, even at low speeds where other types of controllers are completely ineffective. The resistor capacitor network R1-R2-C1 provides a ramp-type reference voltage superimposed on top of a DC voltage adjustable with the speed-setting potentiometer R2. This reference voltage appearing at the wiper of R2 is balanced against the residual counter emf of the motor through the SCR gate. As the motor slows down due to heavy loading, its counter emf falls, and the reference ramp triggers the SCR earlier in the AC cycle. More voltage is thereby applied to the motor causing it to pick up speed again. Per- formance with the C108 SCR is particularly good because the low trigger current requirements of this de- vice allow use of a flat top reference voltage, which provides good feedback gain and close speed regulation. o - RI Line . lt ot ) ser Voltage 120V 240V Onn fee |e Ry 47K 100K Apoust | co R2 TOK 20K volte a Rs * is MIXER (oF THF, 50V THF, TOOV 2 SEWING On C2 0.1LF, 50V 0.7uF, 50V SIMILAR Di 1N5059 1N5060 MOTOR D2 1N5059 1N5060 {MAX. CURRENT o___+4 1.5 AMP) SCR C108B1 c108D1 Note * C, optional, contributes to performance in some circumstances. Neither the disclosure of any information herein nor the sale of semiconductor devices by General Electric Company conveys any license under patent claims covering combinations of semiconductor devices with other devices or elements. In the absence of an express written agreement to the contrary, General Electric Company assumes no liability for patent infringement arising out of any use of the semiconductor devices with other devices or elements by any purchaser of semiconductor devices or by others. 740