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SM73308

SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier

Literature Number: SNOSB90A

SM73308

June 1, 2011

Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier

General Description

The SM73308 is a Single low noise precision operational am-

plifier intended for use in a wide range of applications. Other

important characteristics include: an extended operating tem-

perature range of −40°C to 125°C, the tiny SC70-5 package,

and low input bias current.

The extended temperature range of −40°C to 125°C allows

the SM73308 to accommodate a broad range of applications.

The SM73308 expands National Semiconductor’s Silicon

Dust™ amplifier portfolio offering enhancements in size,

speed, and power savings. The SM73308 is guaranteed to

operate over the voltage range of 2.7V to 5.0V and has rail-

to-rail output.

The SM73308 is designed for precision, low noise, low volt-

age, and miniature systems. This amplifier provides rail-to-rail

output swing into heavy loads. The maximum input offset is

850 μV at room temperature and the input common mode

voltage range includes ground.

The SM73308 is offered in the tiny SC70-5 package.

Features

(Unless otherwise noted, typical values at VS = 2.7V)

■Renewable Energy Grade

■Guaranteed 2.7V and 5V specifications

■Maximum VOS 850μV (limit)

■Voltage noise

—f = 100 Hz 12.5nV/√Hz

—f = 10 kHz 7.5nV/√Hz

■Rail-to-Rail output swing

—RL = 600Ω 100mV from rail

—RL = 2kΩ50mV from rail

■Open loop gain with RL = 2kΩ100dB

■VCM 0 to V+ −0.9V

■Supply current 550µA

■Gain bandwidth product 3.5MHz

■Temperature range −40°C to 125°C

Applications

■Transducer amplifier

■Instrumentation amplifier

■Precision current sensing

■Data acquisition systems

■Active filters and buffers

■Sample and hold

■Portable/battery powered electronics

■Automotive

Connection Diagram

SC70-5

30155567

Top View

Instrumentation Amplifier

30155536

Silicon Dust™ is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

ESD Tolerance (Note 2)

Machine Model 200V

Human Body Model 2000V

Differential Input Voltage ± Supply Voltage

Voltage at Input Pins (V+) + 0.3V, (V–) – 0.3V

Current at Input Pins ±10 mA

Supply Voltage (V+–V −)5.75V

Output Short Circuit to V+(Note 3)

Output Short Circuit to V−(Note 4)

Mounting Temperture

Infrared or Convection (20 sec) 235°C

Wave Soldering Lead Temp

(10 sec) 260°C

Storage Temperature Range −65°C to 150°C

Junction Temperature (Note 5) 150°C

Operating Ratings (Note 1)

Supply Voltage 2.7V to 5.5V

Temperature Range −40°C to 125°C

Thermal Resistance (θJA)

440 °C/W

2.7V DC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11)

Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and

RL > 1MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.

Symbol Parameter Condition Min

(Note 7)

Typ

(Note 6)

Max

(Note 7)Units

VOS Input Offset Voltage 0.3 0.85

1.0 mV

TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average Drift −0.45 µV/°C

IBInput Bias Current (Note 8)VCM = 1V −0.1 100

250 pA

IOS Input Offset Current (Note 8) 0.004 100 pA

ISSupply Current 550 900

910 µA

CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 0.5 ≤ VCM ≤ 1.2V 74

80 dB

PSSR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 82

90 dB

VCM

Input Common-Mode Voltage

Range For CMRR ≥ 50dB 0 1.8 V

Large Signal Voltage Gain

(Note 9)

RL = 600Ω to 1.35V,

VO = 0.2V to 2.5V

100

RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V,

VO = 0.2V to 2.5V

100

VOOutput Swing

RL = 600Ω to 1.35V

VIN = ± 100mV

0.11

0.14

0.084 to

2.62

2.59

2.56

RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V

VIN = ± 100mV

0.05

0.06

0.026 to

2.68

2.65

2.64

IOOutput Short Circuit Current

Sourcing, VO = 0V

VIN = 100mV

Sinking, VO = 2.7V

VIN = −100mV

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SM73308

2.7V AC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11)

Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 5.0V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1MΩ.

Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min

(Note 7)

Typ

(Note 6)

Max

(Note 7)Units

SR Slew Rate (Note 10)AV = +1, RL = 10 kΩ 1.4 V/µs

GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 3.5 MHz

ΦmPhase Margin 79 Deg

GmGain Margin −15 dB

Input-Referred Voltage Noise

(Flatband) f = 10kHz 7.5 nV/

enInput-Referred Voltage Noise (l/f) f = 100Hz 12.5 nV/

inInput-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.001 pA/

THD Total Harmonic Distortion f = 1kHz, AV = +1

RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1 VPP

0.007 %

5.0V DC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11)

Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 5.0V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and

RL > 1MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.

Symbol Parameter Condition Min

(Note 7)

Typ

(Note 6)

Max

(Note 7)Units

VOS Input Offset Voltage 0.25 0.85

1.0 mV

TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average Drift −0.35 µV/°C

IBInput Bias Current (Note 8)VCM = 1V −0.23 100

250 pA

IOS Input Offset Current (Note 8) 0.017 100 pA

ISSupply Current 600 950

960 µA

CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 0.5 ≤ VCM ≤ 3.5V 80

90 dB

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 82

90 dB

VCM

Input Common-Mode Voltage

Range For CMRR ≥ 50dB 0 4.1 V

Large Signal Voltage Gain

(Note 9)

RL = 600Ω to 2.5V,

VO = 0.2V to 4.8V

100

RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V,

VO = 0.2V to 4.8V

100

VOOutput Swing

RL = 600Ω to 2.5V

VIN = ± 100mV

0.15

0.23

0.112 to

4.9

4.85

4.77

RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V

VIN = ± 100mV

0.06

0.07

0.035 to

4.97

4.94

4.93

Output Short Circuit Current (Note

8, Note 12)

Sourcing, VO = 0V

VIN = 100mV

Sinking, VO = 2.7V

VIN = −100mV

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SM73308

5.0V AC Electrical Characteristics (Note 11)

Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = 25°C. V+ = 5.0V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1MΩ.

Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min

(Note 7)

Typ

(Note 6)

Max

(Note 7)Units

SR Slew Rate (Note 10)AV = +1, RL = 10 kΩ 1.4 V/µs

GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 3.5 MHz

ΦmPhase Margin 79 Deg

GmGain Margin −15 dB

Input-Referred Voltage Noise

(Flatband) f = 10kHz 6.5 nV/

enInput-Referred Voltage Noise (l/f) f = 100Hz 12 nV/

inInput-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.001 pA/

THD Total Harmonic Distortion f = 1kHz, AV = +1

RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1 VPP

0.007 %

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.

Note 2: Human Body Model is 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Machine Model is 0Ω in series with 20 pF.

Note 3: Shorting output to V+ will adversely affect reliability.

Note 4: Shorting output to V− will adversely affect reliability.

Note 5: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX) , θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is

PD = (TJ(MAX)–T A) / θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board.

Note 6: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm.

Note 7: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis.

Note 8: Limits guaranteed by design.

Note 9: RL is connected to mid-supply. The output voltage is set at 200mV from the rails. VO = GND + 0.2V and VO = V+ −0.2V

Note 10: The number specified is the slower of positive and negative slew rates.

Note 11: Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating

of the device such that TJ = TA.

Note 12: Continuous operation of the device with an output short circuit current larger than 35mA may cause permanent damage to the device.

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SM73308

Connection Diagram

SC70-5

30155567

Top View

Ordering Information

Package Part Number Package Marking Transport Media NSC Drawing

SC70-5

SM73308MG

S08

1k Units Tape and Reel

MAA05ASM73308MGX 3k Units Tape and Reel

SM73308MGE 250 Units Tape and Reel

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SM73308

Typical Performance Characteristics

VOS vs. VCM Over Temperature

30155527

VOS vs. VCM Over Temperature

30155526

Output Swing vs. VS

30155525

Output Swing vs. VS

30155524

Output Swing vs. VS

30155523

IS vs. VS Over Temperature

30155530

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SM73308

VIN vs. VOUT

30155528

VIN vs. VOUT

30155529

Sourcing Current vs. VOUT (Note 12)

30155531

Sourcing Current vs. VOUT (Note 12)

30155564

Sinking Current vs. VOUT (Note 12)

30155532

Sinking Current vs. VOUT (Note 12)

30155563

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SM73308

Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency

30155508

Input Bias Current Over Temperature

30155535

Input Bias Current Over Temperature

30155534

Input Bias Current Over Temperature

30155533

THD+N vs. Frequency

30155507

THD+N vs. VOUT

30155566

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SM73308

Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage

30155501

Open Loop Frequency Response Over Temperature

30155502

Open Loop Frequency Response

30155503

Open Loop Frequency Response

30155504

Open Loop Gain & Phase with Cap. Loading

30155505

Open Loop Gain & Phase with Cap. Loading

30155506

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SM73308

Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response

30155517

Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response

30155511

Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response

30155516

Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response

30155510

Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response

30155515

Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response

30155509

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SM73308

Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response

30155519

Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response

30155514

Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response

30155520

Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response

30155513

Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response

30155518

Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response

30155512

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SM73308

Stability vs. VCM

30155521

Stability vs. VCM

30155522

PSRR vs. Frequency

30155568

CMRR vs. Frequency

30155565

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SM73308

Application Note

SM73308

The SM73308 is a precision amplifier with very low noise and

ultra low offset voltage. SM73308's extended temperature

range of −40°C to 125°C enables the user to design a variety

of applications including automotive.

The SM73308 has a maximum offset voltage of 1mV over the

extended temperature range. This makes the SM73308 ideal

for applications where precision is important.

INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER

Measurement of very small signals with an amplifier requires

close attention to the input impedance of the amplifier, gain

of the overall signal on the inputs, and the gain on each input

since we are only interested in the difference of the two inputs

and the common signal is considered noise. A classic solution

is an instrumentation amplifier. Instrumentation amplifiers

have a finite, accurate, and stable gain. Also they have ex-

tremely high input impedances and very low output

impedances. Finally they have an extremely high CMRR so

that the amplifier can only respond to the differential signal. A

typical instrumentation amplifier is shown in Figure 1.

30155536

FIGURE 1. Instrumentation Amplifier

There are two stages in this amplifier. The last stage, output

stage, is a differential amplifier. In an ideal case the two am-

plifiers of the first stage, input stage, would be set up as

buffers to isolate the inputs. However they cannot be con-

nected as followers because of real amplifier's mismatch.

That is why there is a balancing resistor between the two. The

product of the two stages of gain will give the gain of the in-

strumentation amplifier. Ideally, the CMRR should be infinite.

However the output stage has a small non-zero common

mode gain which results from resistor mismatch.

In the input stage of the circuit, current is the same across all

resistors. This is due to the high input impedance and low

input bias current of the SM73308. With the node equations

we have:

(1)

By Ohm’s Law:

(2)

However:

(3)

So we have:

(4)

Now looking at the output of the instrumentation amplifier:

(5)

Substituting from Equation 4:

(6)

This shows the gain of the instrumentation amplifier to be:

−K(2a+1)

Typical values for this circuit can be obtained by setting: a =

12 and K= 4. This results in an overall gain of −100.

Figure 2 shows typical CMRR characteristics of this Instru-

mentation amplifier over frequency. Three SM73308 ampli-

fiers are used along with 1% resistors to minimize resistor

mismatch. Resistors used to build the circuit are: R1 =

21.6kΩ, R11 = 1.8kΩ, R2 = 2.5kΩ with K = 40 and a = 12. This

results in an overall gain of −1000, −K(2a+1) = −1000.

30155573

FIGURE 2. CMRR vs. Frequency

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SM73308

ACTIVE FILTER

Active filters are circuits with amplifiers, resistors, and capac-

itors. The use of amplifiers instead of inductors, which are

used in passive filters, enhances the circuit performance

while reducing the size and complexity of the filter.

The simplest active filters are designed using an inverting op

amp configuration where at least one reactive element has

been added to the configuration. This means that the op amp

will provide "frequency-dependent" amplification, since reac-

tive elements are frequency dependent devices.

LOW PASS FILTER

The following shows a very simple low pass filter.

30155547

FIGURE 3. Lowpass Filter

The transfer function can be expressed as follows:

By KCL:

(7)

Simplifying this further results in:

(8)

(9)

Now, substituting ω=2πf, so that the calculations are in f(Hz)

and not ω(rad/s), and setting the DC gain HO = −R2/R1 and

H = VO/Vi

(10)

Set: fo = 1/(2πR1C)

(11)

Low pass filters are known as lossy integrators because they

only behave as an integrator at higher frequencies. Just by

looking at the transfer function one can predict the general

form of the bode plot. When the f/fO ratio is small, the capacitor

is in effect an open circuit and the amplifier behaves at a set

DC gain. Starting at fO, −3dB corner, the capacitor will have

the dominant impedance and hence the circuit will behave as

an integrator and the signal will be attenuated and eventually

cut. The bode plot for this filter is shown in the following pic-

ture:

30155553

FIGURE 4. Lowpass Filter Transfer Function

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SM73308

HIGH PASS FILTER

In a similar approach, one can derive the transfer function of

a high pass filter. A typical first order high pass filter is shown

below:

30155554

FIGURE 5. Highpass FIlter

Writing the KCL for this circuit :

(V1 denotes the voltage between C and R1)

(12)

(13)

Solving these two equations to find the transfer function and

using:

(high frequency gain) and

Which results:

(14)

Looking at the transfer function, it is clear that when f/fO is

small, the capacitor is open and hence no signal is getting in

to the amplifier. As the frequency increases the amplifier

starts operating. At f = fO the capacitor behaves like a short

circuit and the amplifier will have a constant, high frequency,

gain of HO. Figure 6 shows the transfer function of this high

pass filter:

30155558

FIGURE 6. Highpass Filter Transfer Function

BAND PASS FILTER

30155560

FIGURE 7. Bandpass Filter

Combining a low pass filter and a high pass filter will generate

a band pass filter. In this network the input impedance forms

the high pass filter while the feedback impedance forms the

low pass filter. Choosing the corner frequencies so that f1 <

f2, then all the frequencies in between, f1 ≤ f ≤ f2, will pass

through the filter while frequencies below f1 and above f2 will

be cut off.

The transfer function can be easily calculated using the same

methodology as before.

(15)

Where

The transfer function is presented in the following figure.

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SM73308

30155562

FIGURE 8. Bandpass filter Transfer Function

STATE VARIABLE ACTIVE FILTER

State variable active filters are circuits that can simultane-

ously represent high pass, band pass, and low pass filters.

The state variable active filter uses three separate amplifiers

to achieve this task. A typical state variable active filter is

shown in Figure 9. The first amplifier in the circuit is connected

as a gain stage. The second and third amplifiers are connect-

ed as integrators, which means they behave as low pass

filters. The feedback path from the output of the third amplifier

to the first amplifier enables this low frequency signal to be

fed back with a finite and fairly low closed loop gain. This is

while the high frequency signal on the input is still gained up

by the open loop gain of the 1st amplifier. This makes the first

amplifier a high pass filter. The high pass signal is then fed

into a low pass filter. The outcome is a band pass signal,

meaning the second amplifier is a band pass filter. This signal

is then fed into the third amplifiers input and so, the third am-

plifier behaves as a simple low pass filter.

30155574

FIGURE 9. State Variable Active Filter

The transfer function of each filter needs to be calculated. The

derivations will be more trivial if each stage of the filter is

shown on its own.

The three components are:

30155580

30155581

For A1 the relationship between input and output is:

This relationship depends on the output of all the filters. The

input-output relationship for A2 can be expressed as:

And finally this relationship for A3 is as follows:

Re-arranging these equations, one can find the relationship

between VO and VIN (transfer function of the lowpass filter),

VO1 and VIN (transfer function of the highpass filter), and

VO2 and VIN (transfer function of the bandpass filter) These

relationships are as follows:

Lowpass Filter

Highpass Filter

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SM73308

Bandpass Filter

The center frequency and Quality Factor for all of these filters

is the same. The values can be calculated in the following

manner:

A design example is shown here:

Designing a bandpass filter with center frequency of 10kHz

and Quality Factor of 5.5

To do this, first consider the Quality Factor. It is best to pick

convenient values for the capacitors. C2 = C3 = 1000pF. Also,

choose R1 = R4 = 30kΩ. Now values of R5 and R6 need to be

calculated. With the chosen values for the capacitors and re-

sistors, Q reduces to:

R5 = 10R6

R6 = 1.5kΩ

R5 = 15kΩ

Also, for f = 10kHz, the center frequency is ωc = 2πf =

62.8kHz.

Using the expressions above, the appropriate resistor values

will be R2 = R3 = 16kΩ.

The following graphs show the transfer function of each of the

filters. The DC gain of this circuit is:

30155590

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SM73308

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

SC70-5

NS Package Number MAA05A

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SM73308

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SM73308

Notes

SM73308 Low Offset, Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier

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the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are

designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated

products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.

Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:

Products Applications

Audio www.ti.com/audio Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications

Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers

Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps

DLP®Products www.dlp.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy

DSP dsp.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial

Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Medical www.ti.com/medical

Interface interface.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security

Logic logic.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense

Power Mgmt power.ti.com Transportation and Automotive www.ti.com/automotive

Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video

RFID www.ti-rfid.com

OMAP Mobile Processors www.ti.com/omap

Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity

TI E2E Community Home Page e2e.ti.com

Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265