LMX9838DONGLE - National Semiconductor

September 2007

LMX9838

Bluetooth® Serial Port Module

1.0 General Description

The National Semiconductor LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port

module is a fully integrated Bluetooth 2.0 baseband controller,

2.4 GHz radio, crystal, antenna, LDO and discreets; com-

bined to form a complete small form factor (10 mm x 17 mm

x 2.0 mm) Bluetooth node.

All hardware and firmware is included to provide a complete

solution from antenna through the complete lower and upper

layers of the Bluetooth stack, up to the application including

the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Ap-

plication Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP).

The module includes a configurable service database to fulfil

service requests for additional profiles on the host. Moreover,

the LMX9838 is qualified as a Bluetooth endproduct, ready to

be used in the end application without additional testing and

license cost.

Based on National’s CompactRISC® 16-bit processor archi-

tecture and Digital Smart Radio technology, the LMX9838 is

optimized to handle the data and link management process-

ing requirements of a Bluetooth node.

The firmware supplied in the on-chip ROM memory offers a

complete Bluetooth (v2.0) stack including profiles and com-

mand interface. This firmware features point-to-point and

point-to-multipoint link management supporting data rates up

to the theoretical maximum over RFComm of 704 kbps. The

internal memory supports up to 7 active Bluetooth data links

and one active SCO link.

The on-chip Patch RAM provided for lowest cost and risk, al-

lows the flexibility of firmware upgrade.

The module is lead free and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous

Substances) compliant. For more information on those quality

standards, please visit our green compliance website at

http://www.national.com/quality/green/

2.0 Features

■Complete Bluetooth 2.0 Stack including

—Baseband and Link Manager

—Protocols: L2CAP, RFCOMM, SDP

—Profiles: GAP, SDAP, SPP

■High Integration: Includes Antenna, crystal, EEPROM,

LDO

■Supporting up to 7 active Bluetooth data links and 1 active

SCO link

■Class 2 operation

■UART Command/Data port speed up to 921.6kbits/s

■Advanced Audio Interface for external PCM codec

■Better than -80dBm input sensitivity

■FCC certified: FCC ID: ED9LMX9838

■IC certified: IC-1520A-LMX9838

■CE Self certified

■Bluetooth SIG QD ID: B012394

■Compact Size: 10mm x 17mm x 2.0mm

3.0 Functional Block Diagram

30027913

Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and is used under license by National Semiconductor Corporation.

CompactRISC® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module

4.0 Applications

•Telemedicine/Medical, Industrial and Scientific

•Personal Digital Assistants

•POS Terminals

•Data Logging Systems

•Audio Gateway applications

5.0 Device Details

5.1 HARDWARE

•Baseband and Link Management processors based on

Nationals CompactRISC Core

•Embedded ROM and Patch RAM memory

•Auxiliary Host Interface Ports:

—Link Status

—Transceiver Status (Tx or Rx)

•Advanced Power Management (APM) features

•Supports low-power mode with optional 32.768 kHz

oscillator

•Full Radio path integrated including antenna

•On-chip reference crystal for Bluetooth operation

•Single supply voltage

5.2 FIRMWARE

•Additional Profile support on Host. e.g:

—Dial Up Networking (DUN)

—Facsimile Profile (FAX)

—File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

—Object Push Profile (OPP)

—Synchronization Profile (SYNC)

—Headset (HSP)

—Handsfree Profile (HFP)

—Basic Imaging Profile (BIP)

—Basic Printing Profile (BPP)

•On-chip application including:

—Default connections

—Command Interface:

•Link setup and configuration (also Multipoint)

•Configuration of the module

•Service database modifications

—UART Transparent mode

—Optimized cable replacement:

•Automatic transparent mode

•Event filter

5.3 COMPLIANCE

•FCC compliance: The device complies with Part 15 of FCC

Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

—This device may not cause harmful interference

—This device must accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired

operation

5.4 PACKAGE

•Complete system interface provided in Lead Grid Array on

underside for surface mount assembly

6.0 Ordering Information

Order Number Spec. Shipment Method

LMX9838SB NOPB (Note 1) 135 pcs Tray

LMX9838SBX NOPB (Note 1) 500 pcs Tape & Reel

Note 1: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead)

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LMX9838

7.0 Connection Diagram

30027914

8.0 Pad Description

TABLE 1. System Interface Signals

Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description

OP3 16 I OP3: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option

OP4/PG4 26

OP4: I

PG4: I/

OP4: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option

PG4: GPIO

OP5 25 I/O OP5: Pin checked during Startup Sequence for configuration option

32K- 28 O NC (if not used) 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator

32K+ 27 I GND (if not used) 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator

TABLE 2. UART Interface Signals

Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description

RXD 12 I Host Serial Port Receive Data

TXD 13 O Host Serial Port Transmit Data

RTS# (Note 2) 14 O NC (if not used) Host Serial Port Request To Send (active low)

CTS# (Note 3) 15 I GND (if not used) Host Serial Port Clear To Send (active low)

Note 2: Treat As No Connect If RTS is not used. Pad required for mechanical stability.

Note 3: Connect to GND if CTS is not use.

TABLE 3. Auxiliary Ports Interface Signals

Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description

RESET# 2 I

Low active, either

NC or connect to

host

Module Reset (active low)

XOSCEN 8 O Host main Clock Request. Toggles with Main crystal (X1) enable/

disable

PG6 7 I/O GPIO - Default setup LINK STATUS indication

PG7 19 I/O GPIO - Default setup RF traffic LED indication

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LMX9838

TABLE 4. Audio Interface Signals

Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description

SCLK 20 I/O Audio PCM Interface Clock

SFS 21 I/O Audio PCM Interface Frame Synchronization

STD 22 O Audio PCM Interface Transmit Data Output

SRD 23 I Audio PCM Interface Receive Data Input

TABLE 5. Power, Ground and No Connect Signals

Pad Name Pad Location Type Default Layout Description

MVCC 6 I Module internal Voltage Regulator Input

VCC_CORE 9 I/O Voltage Regulator Input/Output

VCC 10 I Voltage Regulator Input Baseband

VCC_IO 11 I Power Supply I/O

GND 3,4,17,18,24,

29,30,31,32 I GND Must be connected to ground plane

NC 1,5,33,34,35,

36,37,38,39,40 NC Place Pads for stability. See Section 21.0 Physical Dimensions

41,42,43,44,45,

46,47,48,49,50,

51,52,53,54,55,

56,57,58,59,60,

61,62,63,64,65,

66,67,68,69,70

NC DO NOT PLACE ANY PADS. See Section 21.0 Physical

Dimensions

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LMX9838

9.0 Application Diagrams

The following diagrams show two application examples for

LMX9838 implementations.

Figure 1 illustrates a cable replacement application, requiring

the physical UART interface to a data device like a sensor.

The LMX9838 just waits for an incoming link and forwards

data between the data device and the bluetooth link. PG6 acts

as active link indicator and is used to enable the data transfer

from the sensor. A 32.768khz crystal may be is used to reduce

power consumption while waiting for the incoming link.

Figure 2 shows an example for the connection to a host con-

troller, which can include a simple application to control the

LMX9838. The figure also includes the connection to a PCM

codec, in case the host controller application includes an au-

dio profile. Reset, OP4 and OP5 are controlled by the host for

full control of the LMX9838 status.

Please refer to Section 17.0 Application Notes for more de-

tailed descriptions for LMX9838 designs.

30027901

FIGURE 1. Example For A Cable Replacement Application

30027916

FIGURE 2. Example For Host Controller Based Application With Audio Support

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LMX9838

10.0 General Specifications

Absolute Maximum Ratings (see Absolute Maximum Rat-

ings ) indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may

occur. Operating Ratings (see Recommended Operating

Conditions) indicate conditions for which the device is intend-

ed to be functional.

This device is a high performance RF integrated circuit and is

ESD sensitive. Handling and assembly of this device should

be performed at ESD free workstations.

The following conditions are true unless otherwise stated in

the tables below:

•TA = -40°C to +85°C

•VCC = 3.3V

•RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on

National Semiconductor FlagStaff board rev 2.1

evaluation platform.

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit

VCC Digital Voltage Regulator input -0.2 4 V

VIVoltage on any pad with GND = 0V -0.2 VCC + 0.2 V

TSStorage Temperature Range -65 +150 °C

TLNOPB Lead Temperature NOPB (Note 4),(Note 5)

(solder 40 sec.)

250 °C

ESDHBM ESD - Human Body Model 2000 (Note 6) V

ESDMM ESD - Machine Model 200 (Note 7) V

ESDCDM ESD - Charge Discharge Model 1000 (Note 8) V

Note 4: Reference IPC/JDEC J-STD-20C spec.

Note 5: NOPB = No Pb (No Lead).

Note 6: All pins meet 2000V Human Body ESD rating.

Note 7: All pins meet 200V Macine Model ESD rating except pins RXD, TXD, CTS, RTS, PG4, OP5, PG6, PG7, SCL, SDA, MDOD1, MWCS, SFS, STD, SRD

RATED AT 150v.

Note 8: All pins meet 1000V Charge Discharge Model ESD rating except pin 69 rated at 250V.

Recommended Operating Conditions

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

MVCC Module internal Voltage Regulator input 3.0 3.3 3.6 V

VCC Digital Voltage Regulator input 2.5 3.3 3.6 V

TRDigital Voltage Regulator Rise Time 10 μs

TAAmbient Operating Temperature Range

Fully Functional Bluetooth Node

-40 +25 +85 °C

VCC_IO(Note 9) Supply Voltage Digital I/O 1.8 3.3 3.6 V

VCC_CORE Supply Voltage Output (Note 10) 1.8 V

Note 9: VCC must be > (VCC_IO - 0.5V) to avoid backdrive supply.

Note 10: Should not be used for external supplies

Power Supply Requirements (Notes 11, 12)

Symbol Parameter Min Typ

(Note 13) Max Unit

ICC-TX Power supply current for continuous transmit 65 mA

ICC-RX Power supply current for continuous receive 65 mA

IRXSL Receive Data in SPP Link, Slave 26 mA

IRXM Receive Data in SPP Link, Master 23 mA

ISnM Sniff Mode, Sniff interval 1 second 6.5 mA

ISC-TLDIS Scanning, No Active Link, TL Disabled 1.1 mA

Note 11: Power supply requirements based on Class II output power.

Note 12: Based on UART Baudrate 115.2kbit/s.

Note 13: VCC = 3.3V, Ambient Temperature = +25 °C.

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LMX9838

10.1 DC CHARACTERISTICS

Digital DC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Units

VIH Logical 1 Input Voltage high

(except oscillator I/O)

1.8V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.0V

3.0V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.6V

0.7 x VCC_IO

2.0

VCC_IO + 0.2

VIL Logical 0 Input Voltage low

(except oscillator I/O)

1.8V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.0V

3.0V ≤ VCC_IO ≤ 3.6V

-0.2

0.25 x VCC_IO

0.8

VOH Logical 1 Output Voltage high

(except oscillator I/O)

VCC_IO = 1.8V

VCC_IO = 3.0V

0.7 x VCC_IO

2.4

VOL Logical 0 Output Voltage low

(except oscillator I/O)

0.4 V

VHYS Hysteresis Loop Width (Note 14) 0.1 x VCC V

IIH Logical 1 Input leakage High 10 µA

IIL Logical 0 Input leakage Low -10 µA

IOH Logical 1 Output Current VOH = 2.4V,

VCC_IO = 3.0V

-10 mA

IOL Logical 0 Output Current VOH = 0.4V,

VCC_IO = 3.0V

10 mA

Note 14: Guaranteed by design.

10.2 RF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

In the performance characteristics tables the following applies:

•All tests performed are based on Bluetooth Test Specification revision 2.0

•All tests are measured at antenna port unless otherwise specified

•TA = -40°C to +85°C

•VDD_RF = 2.8V unless otherwise specified

RF system performance specifications are guaranteed on National Semiconductor Flagstaff board rev 2.1 evaluation platform.

Receiver Performance Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ

(Note 15) Max Unit

RXsense Receive Sensitivity BER < 0.001 2.402 GHz -80 -76 dBm

2.441 GHz -80 -76 dBm

2.480 GHz -80 -76 dBm

PinRF Maximum Input Level -10 0 dBm

IMP

(Note 16)

Intermodulation Performance F1= + 3 MHz,

F2= + 6 MHz,

PinRF = -64 dBm

-38 -36 dBm

RSSI RSSI Dynamic Range at LNA

Input

-72 -52 dBm

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LMX9838

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ

(Note 15) Max Unit

OOB

(Note 16)

Out Of Band Blocking

Performance

PinRF = -10 dBm,

30 MHz < FCWI < 2 GHz,

BER < 0.001

-10 dBm

PinRF = -27 dBm,

2000 MHz < FCWI < 2399 MHz,

BER < 0.001

-27 dBm

PinRF = -27 dBm,

2498 MHz < FCWI < 3000 MHz,

BER < 0.001

-27 dBm

PinRF = -10 dBm,

3000 MHz < FCWI < 12.75 GHz,

BER < 0.001

-10 dBm

Note 15: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature.

Note 16: The f0 = -64 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f1 = -39dbm sine wave, f2 = -39 dBm Bluetooth modulated signal, f0 = 2f1 - f2, and |f2 - f1| = n * 1MHz,

where n is 3, 4, or 5. For the typical case, n = 3.

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LMX9838

Transmitter Performance Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ

(Note 15) Max Unit

POUTRF Transmit Output Power 2.402 GHz −4 0 +3 dBm

2.441 GHz −4 0 +3 dBm

2.480 GHz −4 0 +3 dBm

MOD ΔF1AVG Modulation Characteristics Data = 00001111 140 165 175 kHz

MOD ΔF2MAX (Note 18) Modulation Characteristics Data = 10101010 115 125 kHz

ΔF2AVG/DF1AVG (Note

19)

Modulation Characteristics 0.8

20 dB Bandwidth 1000 kHz

POUT2*fo (Note 20) PA 2 nd Harmonic Suppression Maximum gain setting:

f0 = 2402 MHz,

Pout = 4804 MHz

-30 dBm

ZRFOUT (Note 21) RF Output Impedance/Input

Impedance of RF Port (RF_inout)

Pout @ 2.5 GHz 47 Ω

Note 17: Typical operating conditions are at 2.75V operating voltage and 25°C ambient temperature.

Note 18: ΔF2max ≥ 115 kHz for at least 99.9% of all Δf2max.

Note 19: Modulation index set between 0.28 and 0.35.

Note 20: Out-of-Band spurs only exist at 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the CW frequency for each channel.

Note 21: Not tested in production.

Synthesizer Performance Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit

fVCO VCO Frequency Range 2402 2480 MHz

tLOCK Lock Time f0 ± 20 kHz 120 µs

Δf0offset (Note 22) Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance During preamble -75 0 75 kHz

Δf0drift (Note 22) Initial Carrier Frequency Drift DH1 data packet -25 0 25 kHz

DH3 data packet -40 0 40 kHz

DH5 data packet -40 0 40 kHz

Drift Rate -20 0 20 kHz/50µs

tD - Tx Transmitter Delay Time From Tx data to antenna 4 µs

Note 22: Frequency accuracy is dependent on crystal oscillator chosen. The crystal must have a cumulative accuracy of < +/-20ppm to meet Bluetooth

specifications.

Note: All RF parameters are tested prior to the antenna.

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LMX9838

11.0 Functional Description

11.1 BASEBAND AND LINK MANAGEMENT

PROCESSORS

Baseband and Lower Link control functions are implemented

using a combination of National Semiconductor’s Com-

pactRISC 16-bit processor and the Bluetooth Lower Link

Controller. These processors operate from integrated ROM

memory and RAM and execute on-board firmware imple-

menting all Bluetooth functions.

11.1.1 Bluetooth Lower Link Controller

The integrated Bluetooth Lower Link Controller (LLC) com-

plies with the Bluetooth Specification version 2.0 and imple-

ments the following functions:

•Adaptive Frequency Hopping

•Interlaced Scanning

•Fast Connect

•Support for 1, 3, and 5 slot packet types

•79 Channel hop frequency generation circuitry

•Fast frequency hopping at 1600 hops per second

•Power management control

•Access code correlation and slot timing recovery

11.1.2 Bluetooth Upper Layer Stack

The integrated upper layer stack is prequalified and includes

the following protocol layers:

•L2CAP

•RFComm

•SDP

11.1.3 Profile Support

The on-chip application of the LMX9838 allows full stand-

alone operation, without any Bluetooth protocol layer neces-

sary outside the module. It supports the Generic Access

Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile

(SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP).

The on-chip profiles can be used as interfaces to additional

profiles executed on the host. The LMX9838 includes a con-

figurable service database to answer requests with the pro-

files supported.

11.1.4 Application With Command Interface

The module supports automatic slave operation eliminating

the need for an external control unit. The implemented trans-

parent option enables the chip to handle incoming data raw,

without the need for packaging in a special format. The device

uses a pin to block unallowed connections. This pincode can

be fixed or dynamically set.

Acting as master, the application offers a simple but versatile

command interface for standard Bluetooth operation like in-

quiry, service discovery, or serial port connection. The

firmware supports up to seven slaves. Default Link Policy set-

tings and a specific master mode allow optimized configura-

tion for the application specific requirements. See Sec-

tion 14.0 Integrated Firmware.

11.1.5 Memory

The LMX9838 introduces 16 kB of combined system and

Patch RAM memory that can be used for data and/or code

upgrades of the ROM based firmware. Due to the flexible

startup used for the LMX9838 operating parameters like the

Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) are defined during

boot time. This allows reading out the parameters of an inter-

nal EEPROM or programming them directly over UART.

11.2 TRANSPORT PORT - UART

The LMX9838 provides one Universal Asynchronous Receiv-

er Transmitter (UART). The UART interface consists out of

Receive (RX), Transmit (TX), Ready-to-Send (RTS) and

Clear-to-Send signals. RTS and CTS are used for hardware

handshaking between the host and the LMX9838. Since the

LMX9838 acts as gateway between the bluetooth and the

UART interface, National Semiconductor recommends to use

the handshaking signals especially for transparent operation.

In case two signals are used CTS needs to be pulled to GND.

Please refer also to "LMX9838 Software User’s Guide" for

detailed information on 2-wire operation.

The UART interface supports formats of 8-bit data with or

without parity, with one or two stop bits. It can operate at

standard baud rates from 2400bits/s up to a maximum baud

rate of 921.6kbits/s. DMA transfers are supported to allow for

fast processor independent receive and transmit operation.

The UART baudrate is configured during startup by checking

option pins OP3, OP4 and OP5. Table 7 gives the correspon-

dence between the OP pins settings and the UART speed.

The UART offers wakeup from the power save modes via the

multi-input wakeup module. When the LMX9838 is in low

power mode, RTS# and CTS# can function as Host_WakeUp

and Bluetooth_WakeUp respectively. Table 6 represents the

operational modes supported by the firmware for implement-

ing the transport via the UART.

TABLE 6. UART Operation Modes

Item Range Default at Power-Up

Baud Rate 2.4 to 921.6 kbits/s Either configured by option pins, NVS

Flow Control RTS#/CTS# or None RTS#/CTS#

Parity Odd, Even, None None

Stop Bits 1,2 1

Data Bits 8 8

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LMX9838

TABLE 7. UART Frequency Settings

OP3 (Note 23) OP4 (Note 24) OP5 (Note 25) Function

1 0 0 UART speed read from NVS

1 0 1 UART speed 9.6 kbps

1 1 0 UART speed 115.2 kbps

1 1 1 UART speed 921.6 kbps

Note 23: If OP3 is 1, must use 1K pull up

Note 24: If OP4 is 1, must use 1K pull up

Note 25: If OP5 is 1, must use 1K pull up

11.3 AUDIO PORT

11.3.1 Advanced Audio Interface

The Advanced Audio Interface (AAI) is an advanced version

of the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) that provides a full-

duplex communications port to a variety of industry-standard

13/14/15/16-bit linear or 8-bit log PCM codecs, DSPs, and

other serial audio devices.

The interface allows the support one codec or interface. The

firmware selects the desired audio path and interface config-

uration by a parameter that is located in RAM (imported from

non-volatile storage or programmed during boot-up). The au-

dio path options include the OKI MSM7717 codec, the Win-

bond W681360/W681310 codecs and the PCM slave through

the AAI.

In case an external codec or DSP is used the LMX9838 audio

interface generates the necessary bit and frame clock driving

the interface.

Table 8 summarizes the audio path selection and the config-

uration of the audio interface at the specific modes.

The LMX9838 supports one SCO link.

TABLE 8. Audio Path Configuration

Audio setting Interface Format AAI Bit Clock AAI Frame Clock AAI Frame Sync

Pulse Length

OKI

MSM7717

Advanced audio interface 8-bit log PCM

(a-law only)

520 kHz 8 kHz 14 Bits

Winbond

W681310

Advanced audio interface 8-bit log PCM

A-law and u-law

520 kHz 8 kHz 14 Bits

Winbond

W681360

Advanced audio interface 13-bit linear 520 kHz 8 kHz 13 Bits

PCM slave (Note 26) Advanced audio interface 8/16 bits 128 - 1024 kHz 8 kHz 8/16 Bits

Note 26: In PCM slave mode, parameters are stored in NVS. Bit clock and frame clock must be generated by the host interface.

PCM slave configuration example: PCM slave uses the slot

0, 1 slot per frame, 16 bit linear mode, long frame sync, normal

frame sync. In this case, 0x03E0 should be stored in NVS.

See “LMX9838 Software Users Guide” for more details.

11.4 AUXILIARY PORTS

11.4.1 RESET#

The RESET# is active low and will put radio and baseband

into reset.

11.4.2 General Purpose I/Os

The LMX9838 offers 3 pins which either can be used as indi-

cation and configuration pins or can be used for General

Purpose functionality. The selection is made out of settings

derived out of the power up sequence.

In General Purpose configuration the pins are controlled hard-

ware specific commands giving the ability to set the direction,

set them to high or low or enable a weak pull-up.

In alternate function the pins have pre-defined indication func-

tionality. Please see Table 9 for a description on the alternate

indication functionality.

TABLE 9. Alternate GPIO Pin Configuration

Pin Description

OP4/PG4 Operation Mode pin to configure

Transport Layer settings during boot-up

PG6 GPIO - Link Status indication

PG7 RF Traffic indication

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LMX9838

12.0 Power Up

The LMX9838 contains an internal EEPROM initialized during

power up or hardware reset. During this initialization phase it

is recommended not to:

•Send a command to the LMX9838: The command will be

ignored.

•Power OFF/ON the LMX9838: The EEPROM initialization

phase will be interrupted and the EEPROM will not be

recognized which leaves the device in a lockup situation.

•Issue a Hardware Reset: The EEPROM initialization

phase will be interrupted and the EEPROM will not be

recognized which leaves the device in a lockup situation.

Once the initialization phase is completed the module sends

the “SimplyBlue Ready Event” (refer to the LMX9838 Soft-

ware User's Guide, AN-1699) to declare its fully functional

state.

It is therefore recommended to wait for the “SimplyBlue

Ready Event” message before stating using the LM9838 by

sending a command or issuing a Reset or Power On cycle.

30027932

FIGURE 3. LMX9838 Power-up Sequence

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LMX9838

13.0 Digital Smart Radio

13.1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The integrated Digital Smart Radio utilizes a heterodyne re-

ceiver architecture with a low intermediate frequency (2 MHz)

such that the intermediate frequency filters can be integrated

on chip. The receiver consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA)

followed by two mixers. The intermediate frequency signal

processing blocks consist of a poly-phase bandpass filter

(BPF), two hard-limiters (LIM), a frequency discriminator

(DET), and a post-detection filter (PDF). The received signal

level is detected by a received signal strength indicator

(RSSI).

The received frequency equals the local oscillator frequency

(fLO) plus the intermediate frequency (fIF):

fRF = fLO + fIF (supradyne).

The radio includes a synthesizer consisting of a phase de-

tector, a charge pump, an (off-chip) loop-filter, an RF-fre-

quency divider, and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO).

The transmitter utilizes IQ-modulation with bit-stream data

that is gaussian filtered. Other blocks included in the trans-

mitter are a VCO buffer and a power amplifier (PA).

13.2 RECEIVER FRONT-END

The receiver front-end consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA)

followed by two mixers and two low-pass filters for the I- and

Q-channels.

The intermediate frequency (IF) part of the receiver front-end

consists of two IF amplifiers that receive input signals from

the mixers, delivering balanced I- and Q-signals to the poly-

phase bandpass filter. The poly-phase bandpass filter is di-

rectly followed by two hard-limiters that together generate an

AD-converted RSSI signal.

13.2.1 Poly-Phase Bandpass Filter

The purpose of the IF bandpass filter is to reject noise and

spurious (mainly adjacent channel) interference that would

otherwise enter the hard limiting stage. In addition, it takes

care of the image rejection.

The bandpass filter uses both the I- and Q-signals from the

mixers. The out-of-band suppression should be higher than

40 dB (f<1 MHz, f>3 MHz). The bandpass filter is tuned over

process spread and temperature variations by the autotuner

circuitry. A 5th order Butterworth filter is used.

13.2.2 Hard-Limiter and RSSI

The I- and Q-outputs of the bandpass filter are each followed

by a hard-limiter. The hard-limiter has its own reference cur-

rent. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) mea-

sures the level of the RF input signal.

The RSSI is generated by piece-wise linear approximation of

the level of the RF signal. The RSSI has a mV/dB scale, and

an analog-to-digital converter for processing by the baseband

circuit. The input RF power is converted to a 5-bit value. The

RSSI value is then proportional to the input power (in dBm).

The digital output from the ADC is sampled on the BPKTCTL

signal low-to-high transition.

13.3 RECEIVER BACK-END

The hard-limiters are followed by a two frequency discrimina-

tors. The I-frequency discriminator uses the 90× phase-shift-

ed signal from the Q-path, while the Q-discriminator uses the

90× phase-shifted signal from the I-path. A poly-phase band-

pass filter performs the required phase shifting. The output

signals of the I- and Q-discriminator are substracted and fil-

tered by a low-pass filter. An equalizer is added to improve

the eye-pattern for 101010 patterns.

After equalization, a dynamic AFC (automatic frequency off-

set compensation) circuit and slicer extract the RX_DATA

from the analog data pattern. It is expected that the Eb/No of

the demodulator is approximately 17 dB.

13.3.1 Frequency Discriminator

The frequency discriminator gets its input signals from the

limiter. A defined signal level (independent of the power sup-

ply voltage) is needed to obtain the input signal. Both inputs

of the frequency discriminator have limiting circuits to opti-

mize performance. The bandpass filter in the frequency dis-

criminator is tuned by the autotuning circuitry.

13.3.2 Post-Detection Filter and Equalizer

The output signals of the FM discriminator first go through a

post-detection filter and then through an equalizer. Both the

post-detection filter and equalizer are tuned to the proper fre-

quency by the autotuning circuitry. The post-detection filter is

a low-pass filter intended to suppress all remaining spurious

signals, such as the second harmonic (4 MHz) from the FM

detector and noise generated after the limiter.

The post-detection filter also helps for attenuating the first

adjacent channel signal. The equalizer improves the eye-

opening for 101010 patterns. The post-detection filter is a

third order Butterworth filter.

13.4 AUTOTUNING CIRCUITRY

The autotuning circuitry is used for tuning the bandpass filter,

the detector, the post-detection filter, the equalizer, and the

transmit filters for process and temperature variations. The

circuit also includes an offset compensation for the FM de-

tector.

13.5 SYNTHESIZER

The synthesizer consists of a phase-frequency detector, a

charge pump, a low-pass loop filter, a programmable fre-

quency divider, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a delta-

sigma modulator, and a lookup table.

The frequency divider consists of a divide-by-2 circuit (divides

the 5 GHz signal from the VCO down to 2.5 GHz), a divide-

by-8-or-9 divider, and a digital modulus control. The delta-

sigma modulator controls the division ratio and also gener-

ates an input channel value to the lookup table.

13.5.1 Phase-Frequency Detector

The phase-frequency detector is a 5-state phase-detector. It

responds only to transitions, hence phase-error is indepen-

dent of input waveform duty cycle or amplitude variations.

Loop lockup occurs when all the negative transitions on the

inputs, F_REF and F_MOD, coincide. Both outputs (i.e., Up

and Down) then remain high. This is equal to the zero error

mode. The phase-frequency detector input frequency range

operates at 12 MHz.

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LMX9838

13.6 TRANSMITTER CIRCUITRY

The transmitter consists of ROM tables, two Digital to Analog

(DA) converters, two low-pass filters, IQ mixers, and a power

amplifier (PA).

The ROM tables generate a digital IQ signal based on the

transmit data. The output of the ROM tables is inserted into

IQ-DA converters and filtered through two low-pass filters.

The two signal components are mixed up to 2.5 GHz by the

TX mixers and added together before being inserted into the

transmit PA.

13.6.1 IQ-DA Converters and TX Mixers

The ROM output signals drive an I- and a Q-DA converter.

Two Butterworth low-pass filters filter the DA output signals.

The 6 MHz clock for the DA converters and the logic circuitry

around the ROM tables are derived from the autotuner.

The TX mixers mix the balanced I- and Q-signals up to 2.4-2.5

GHz. The output signals of the I- and Q-mixers are summed.

13.7 32 kHz Oscillator

An oscillator is provided (see Figure 4) that is tuned to provide

optimum performance and low-power consumption while op-

erating with a 32.768 kHz crystal. An external crystal clock

network is required between the 32k+ clock input (pad 27) and

the 32k- clock output (pad 28) signals.The oscillator is built in

a Pierce configuration and uses two external capacitors. Ta-

ble 10 provides the oscillator’s specifications.

In case the 32kHz is not used, it is recommended to leave

32k- open and connect 32k+ to GND.

30027903

FIGURE 4. 32.768 kHz Oscillator

TABLE 10. 32.768 kHz Oscillator Specifications

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit

VDD Supply Voltage 1.62 1.8 1.98 V

IDDACT Supply Current (Active) 2 µA

f Nominal Output Frequency 32.768 kHz

VPPOSC Oscillating Amplitude 1.8 V

Duty Cycle 40 - 60 %

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LMX9838

14.0 Integrated Firmware

The LMX9838 includes the full Bluetooth stack up to RF-

Comm to support the following profiles:

•GAP (Generic Access Profile)

•SDAP (Service Discovery Application Profile)

•SPP (Serial Port Profile)

Figure 5 shows the Bluetooth protocol stack with command

interpreter interface. The command interpreter offers a num-

ber of different commands to support the functionality given

by the different profiles. Execution and interface timing is han-

dled by the control application.

The chip has an internal data area in RAM that includes the

parameters shown in Table 11.

30027920

FIGURE 5. LMX9838 Software Implementation

14.1 FEATURES

14.1.1 Operation Modes

On boot-up, the application configures the module following

the parameters in the data area.

Automatic Operation

No Default Connections Stored:

In Automatic Operation the module is connectable and dis-

coverable and automatically answers to service requests.

The command interpreter listens to commands and links can

be set up. The full command list is supported.

If connected by another device, the module sends an event

back to the host, where the RFComm port has been connect-

ed, and switches to transparent mode.

Default Connections Stored:

If default connections were stored on a previous session,

once the LMX9838 is reset, it will attempt to connect each

device stored within the data RAM three times. The host will

be notified about the success of the link setup via a link status

event.

Non-Automatic Operation

In Non-Automatic Operation, the LMX9838 does not check

the default connections section within the Data RAM. If con-

nected by another device, it will NOT switch to transparent

mode and continue to interpret data sent on the UART.

Transparent Mode

The LMX9838 supports transparent data communication from

the UART interface to a bluetooth link.

If activated, the module does not interpret the commands on

the UART which normally are used to configure and control

the module. The packages don’t need to be formatted as de-

scribed in Table 13. Instead all data are directly passed

through the firmware to the active bluetooth link and the re-

mote device.

Transparent mode can only be supported on a point-to-point

connection. To leave Transparent mode, the host must send

a UART_BREAK signal to the module.

Force Master Mode

In Force Master mode tries to act like an access point for

multiple connections. For this it will only accept the link if a

Master/slave role switch is accepted by the connecting de-

vice. After successful link establishment the LMX9838 will be

Master and available for additional incoming links. On the first

incoming link the LMX9838 will switch to transparent depend-

ing on the setting for automatic or command mode. Additional

links will only be possible if the device is not in transparent

mode.

14.1.2 Default Connections

The LMX9838 supports the storage of up to 3 devices within

its NVS. Those connections can either be connected after re-

set or on demand using a specific command.

14.1.3 Event Filter

The LMX9838 uses events or indicators to notify the host

about successful commands or changes at the bluetooth in-

terface. Depending on the application the LMX9838 can be

configured. The following levels are defined:

•No Events:

– The LMX9838 is not reporting any events. Optimized for

passive cable replacement solutions.

•Standard LMX9838 events:

– Only necessary events will be reported.

•All events:

– Additional to the standard all changes at the physical

layer will be reported.

14.1.4 Default Link Policy

Each Bluetooth Link can be configured to support M/S role

switch, Hold Mode, Sniff Mode and Park Mode. The default

link policy defines the standard setting for incoming and out-

going connections.

14.1.5 Audio Support

The LMX9838 offers commands to establish and release syn-

chronous connections (SCO) to support Headset or Hands-

free applications. The firmware supports one active link with

all available package types (HV1, HV2, HV3), routing the au-

dio data between the bluetooth link and the advanced audio

interface. In order to provide the analog data interface, an ex-

ternal audio codec is required. The LMX9838 includes a list

of codecs which can be used.

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LMX9838

TABLE 11. Operation Parameters Stored in LMX9838

Parameter Default Value Description

BDADDR Preprogrammed by National Bluetooth device address

Local Name Serial port device

PinCode 0000 Bluetooth PinCode

Operation Mode Automatic ON Automatic mode ON or OFF

Default Connections 0 Up to seven default devices to connect to

SDP Database

1 SPP entry:

Name: COM1

Authentication and encryption

enabled

Service discovery database, control for supported profiles

UART Speed 9600 Sets the speed of the physical UART interface to the host

UART Settings 1 Stop bit, parity disabled Parity and stop bits on the hardware UART interface

Ports to Open 0000 0001 Defines the RFComm ports to open

Link Keys No link keys Link keys for paired devices

Security Mode 2 Security mode

Page Scan Mode Connectable Connectable/Not connectable for other devices

Inquiry Scan Mode Discoverable Discoverable/Not Discoverable/Limited Discoverable for other

devices

Default Link Policy All modes allowed Configures modes allowed for incoming or outgoing connections

(Role switch, Hold mode, Sniff mode...)

Default Link Timeout 20 seconds

The Default Link Timeout configures the timeout, after which the

link is assumed lost, if no packages have been received from the

remote device

Event Filter Standard LMX9838 events reported

Defines the level of reporting on the UART

- no events

- standard events

- standard including ACL link events

Default Audio Settings none

Configures the settings for the external codec and the air format.

• Codecs:

- Winbond W681360

- OKI MSM7717 / Winbond W681310

- PCM Slave

• Air Format:

- CVSD

- µ-Law

- A-Law

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LMX9838

15.0 Low Power Modes

The LMX9838 supports different Low Power Modes to reduce

power in different operating situations. The modular structure

of the LMX9838 allows the firmware to power down unused

modules.

The Low power modes have influence on:

•UART transport layer

– enabling or disabling the interface

•Bluetooth Baseband activity

– firmware disables LLC and Radio if possible

15.1 POWER MODES

The following LMX9838 power modes, which depend on the

activity level of the UART transport layer and the radio activity

are defined:

The radio activity level mainly depends on application re-

quirements and is defined by standard bluetooth operations

like inquiry/page scanning or an active link.

A remote device establishing or disconnecting a link may also

indirectly change the radio activity level.

The UART transport layer by default is enabled on device

power up. In order to disable the transport layer the command

“Disable Transport Layer” is used. Thus only the Host side

command interface can disable the transport layer. Enabling

the transport layer is controlled by the HW Wakeup signalling.

This can be done from either the Host or the LMX9838. See

also “LMX9838 Software User’s Guide” for detailed informa-

tion on timing and implementation requirements.

TABLE 12. Power Mode Activity

Power

Mode

UART

Activity

Radio

Activity

Reference

Clock

PM0 OFF OFF none

PM1 ON OFF Main Clock

PM2 OFF Scanning Main Clock /

32.768 kHz

PM3 ON Scanning Main Clock

PM4 OFF SPP Link Main Clock

PM5 ON SPP Link Main Clock

30027921

FIGURE 6. Transition between different Hardware Power Modes

15.2 ENABLING AND DISABLING UART TRANSPORT

15.2.1 Hardware Wakeup Functionality

In certain usage scenarios the host is able to switch off the

transport layer of the LMX9838 in order to reduce power con-

sumption. Afterwards both devices, host and LMX9838 are

able to shut down their UART interfaces.

In order to save system connections the UART interface is

reconfigured to hardware wakeup functionality. For a detailed

timing and command functionality please see also the

“LMX9838 Software User’s Guide”. The interface between

host and LMX9838 is defined as described in Figure 7.

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LMX9838

30027906

FIGURE 7. UART NULL Modem Connection

15.2.2 Disabling the UART transport layer

The Host can disable the UART transport layer by sending

the “Disable Transport Layer” Command. The LMX9838 will

empty its buffers, send the confirmation event and disable its

UART interface. Afterwards the UART interface will be re-

configured to wake up on a falling edge of the CTS pin.

15.2.3 LMX9838 enabling the UART interface

As the Transport Layer can be disabled in any situation the

LMX9838 must first make sure the transport layer is enabled

before sending data to the host. Possible scenarios can be

incoming data or incoming link indicators. If the UART is not

enabled the LMX9838 assumes that the Host is sleeping and

waking it up by activating RTS. To be able to react on that

Wake up, the host has to monitor the CTS pin.

As soon as the host activates its RTS pin, the LMX9838 will

first send a confirmation event and then start to transmit the

events.

15.2.4 Enabling the UART transport layer from the host

If the host needs to send data or commands to the LMX9838

while the UART Transport Layer is disabled it must first as-

sume that the LMX9838 is sleeping and wake it up using its

RTS signal. When the LMX9838 detects the Wake-Up signal

it activates the UART HW and acknowledges the Wake-Up

signal by settings its RTS. Additionally the Wake up will be

confirmed by a confirmation event. When the Host has re-

ceived this “Transport Layer Enabled” event, the LMX9838 is

ready to receive commands.

16.0 Command Interface

The LMX9838 offers Bluetooth functionality in either a self

contained slave functionality or over a simple command in-

terface. The interface is listening on the UART interface.

The following sections describe the protocol transported on

the UART interface between the LMX9838 and the host in

command mode (see Figure 8). In Transparent mode, no data

framing is necessary and the device does not listen for com-

mands.

16.1 FRAMING

The connection is considered “Error free”. But for packet

recognition and synchronization, some framing is used.

All packets sent in both directions are constructed per the

model shown in Table 13.

16.1.1 Start and End Delimiter

The “STX” char is used as start delimiter: STX = 0x02. ETX =

0x03 is used as end delimiter.

16.1.2 Packet Type ID

This byte identifies the type of packet. See Table 14 for de-

tails.

16.1.3 Opcode

The opcode identifies the command to execute. The opcode

values can be found within the “LMX9838 Software User’s

Guide” included within the LMX9838 Evaluation Board.

16.1.4 Data Length

Number of bytes in the Packet Data field. The maximum size

is defined with 333 data bytes per packet.

16.1.5 Checksum:

This is a simple Block Check Character (BCC) checksum of

the bytes “Packet type”, “Opcode” and “Data Length”. The

BCC checksum is calculated as low byte of the sum of all

bytes (e.g., if the sum of all bytes is 0x3724, the checksum is

0x24).

30027907

FIGURE 8. Bluetooth Functionality

TABLE 13. Package Framing

Start

Delimiter

Packet

Type ID Opcode Data

Length

Check

sum

Packet

Data

End

Delimiter

1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 2 Bytes 1 Byte <Data Length>

Bytes 1 Byte

- - - - - - - - - - - - - Checksum - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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LMX9838

TABLE 14. Packet Type Identification

ID Direction Description

0x52

'R'

REQUEST

(REQ)

A request sent to the Bluetooth module.

All requests are answered by exactly one confirm.

0x43

'C'

Confirm

(CFM)

The Bluetooth modules confirm to a request.

All requests are answered by exactly one confirm.

0x69

'i'

Indication

(IND)

Information sent from the Bluetooth module that is not a direct confirm to a request.

Indicating status changes, incoming links, or unrequested events.

0x72

'r'

Response

(RES)

An optional response to an indication.

This is used to respond to some type of indication message.

16.2 COMMAND SET OVERVIEW

The LMX9838 has a well defined command set to:

•Configure the device:

—Hardware settings

—Local Bluetooth parameters

—Service database

•Set up and handle links

Table 15 through Table 25 show the actual command set and

the events coming back from the device. A full documented

description of the commands can be found in the “LMX9838

Software User’s Guide”.

Note: For standard Bluetooth operation only commands from Table 15

through Table 17 will be used. Most of the remaining commands are

for configuration purposes only.

TABLE 15. Device Discovery

Command Event Description

Inquiry Inquiry Complete Search for devices

Device Found Lists BDADDR and class of device

Remote Device Name Remote Device Name Confirm Get name of remote device

TABLE 16. SDAP Client Commands

Command Event Description

SDAP Connect SDAP Connect Confirm Create an SDP connection to remote device

SDAP Disconnect SDAP Disconnect Confirm Disconnect an active SDAP link

Connection Lost Notification for lost SDAP link

SDAP Service Browse Service Browse Confirm Get the services of the remote device

SDAP Service Search SDAP Service Search Confirm Search a specific service on a remote device

SDAP Attribute Request SDAP Attribute Request Confirm Searches for services with specific attributes

TABLE 17. SPP Link Establishment

Command Event Description

Establish SPP Link Establishing SPP Link Confirm Initiates link establishment to a remote device

Link Established Link successfully established

Incoming Link A remote device established a link to the local device

Set Link Timeout Set Link Timeout Confirm Confirms the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link

Get Link Timeout Get Link Timeout Confirm Get the Supervision Timeout for the existing Link

Release SPP Link Release SPP Link Confirm Initiate release of SPP link

SPP Send Data SPP Send Data Confirm Send data to specific SPP port

Incoming Data Incoming data from remote device

Transparent Mode Transparent Mode Confirm Switch to Transparent mode on the UART

TABLE 18. Storing Default Connections

Command Event Description

Connect Default Connection Connect Default Connection Confirm Connects to either one or all stored default connections

Store Default Connection Store Default Connection Confirm Store device as default connection

Get list of Default Connections List of Default Devices

Delete Default Connections Delete Default Connections Confirm

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LMX9838

TABLE 19. Bluetooth Low Power Modes

Command Event Description

Set Default Link Policy Set Default Link Policy Confirm Defines the link policy used for any incoming or outgoing link

Get Default Link Policy Get Default Link Policy Confirm Returns the stored default link policy

Set Link Policy Set Link Policy Confirm Defines the modes allowed for a specific link

Get Link Policy Get Link Policy Confirm Returns the actual link policy for the link

Enter Sniff Mode Enter Sniff Mode Confirm

Exit Sniff Mode Exit Sniff Mode Confirm

Enter Hold Mode Enter Hold Mode Confirm

Power Save Mode Changed Remote device changed power save mode on the link

TABLE 20. Audio Control Commands

Command Event Description

Establish SCO Link Establish SCO Link Confirm Establish SCO Link on existing RFComm Link

SCO Link Established Indicator A remote device has established a SCO link to the local

device

Release SCO Link Release SCO Link Confirm Release SCO Link Audio Control

SCO Link Released Indicator SCO Link has been released

Change SCO Packet Type Change SCO Packet Type Confirm Changes Packet Type for existing SCO link

SCO Packet Type changed indicator SCO Packet Type has been changed

Set Audio Settings Set Audio Settings Confirm Set Audio Settings for existing Link

Get Audio Settings Get Audio Settings Confirm Get Audio Settings for existing Link

Set Volume Set Volume Confirm Configure the volume

Get Volume Get Volume Confirm Get current volume setting

Mute Mute Confirm Mutes the microphone input

TABLE 21. Wake Up Functionality

Command Event Description

Disable Transport Layer Transport Layer Enabled Disabling the UART Transport Layer and activates the

Hardware Wakeup function

TABLE 22. SPP Port Configuration and Status

Command Event Description

Set Port Config Set Port Config Confirm Set port setting for the virtual serial port link over the air

Get Port Config Get Port Config Confirm Read the actual port settings for a virtual serial port

Port Config Changed Notification if port settings were changed from remote device

SPP Get Port Status SPP Get Port Status Confirm Returns status of DTR, RTS (for the active RFComm link)

SPP Port Set DTR SPP Port Set DTR Confirm Sets the DTR bit on the specified link

SPP Port Set RTS SPP Port Set RTS Confirm Sets the RTS bit on the specified link

SPP Port BREAK SPP Port BREAK Indicates that the host has detected a break

SPP Port Overrun Error SPP Port Overrun Error Confirm Used to indicate that the host has detected an overrun error

SPP Port Parity Error SPP Port Parity Error Confirm Host has detected a parity error

SPP Port Framing Error SPP Port Framing Error Confirm Host has detected a framing error

SPP Port Status Changed Indicates that remote device has changed one of the port

status bits

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LMX9838

TABLE 23. Local Bluetooth Settings

Command Event Description

Read Local Name Read Local Name Confirm Read actual friendly name of the device

Write Local Name Write Local Name Confirm Set the friendly name of the device

Read Local BDADDR Read Local BDADDR Confirm

Change Local BDADDR Change Local BDADDR Confirm Note: The BDADDR is programmed by NSC. It can not be retrieved if

erased!

Store Class of Device Store Class of Device Confirm

Set Scan Mode Set Scan Mode Confirm Change mode for discoverability and connectability

Set Scan Mode Indication Reports end of Automatic limited discoverable mode

Get Fixed Pin Get Fixed Pin Confirm Reads current PinCode stored within the device

Set Fixed Pin Set Fixed Pin Confirm Set the local PinCode

PIN request a PIN code is requested during authentication of an ACL link

Get Security Mode Get Security Mode Confirm Get actual Security mode

Set Security Mode Set Security Mode Confirm Configure Security mode for local device (default 2)

Remove Pairing Remove Pairing Confirm Remove pairing with a remote device

List Paired Devices List of Paired Devices Get list of paired devices stored in the LMX9838 data memory

Set Default Link Timeout Set Default Link Timeout Confirm Store default link supervision timeout

Get Default Link Timeout Get Default Link Timeout Confirm Get stored default link supervision timeout

Force Master Role Force Master Role Confirm Enables/Disables the request for master role at incoming connections

TABLE 24. Local Service Database Configuration

Command Event Description

Store generic SDP Record Store SDP Record Confirm Create a new service record within the service database

Enable SDP Record Enable SDP Record Confirm Enable or disable SDP records

Delete All SDP Records Delete All SDP Records Confirm

Ports to Open Ports to Open Confirmed Specify the RFComm Ports to open on startup

TABLE 25. Local Hardware Commends

Command Event Description

Set Default Audio Settings Set Default Audio Settings Confirm Configure Default Settings for Audio Codec and Air Format,

stored in NVS

Get Default Audio Settings Get Default Audio Settings Confirm Get stored Default Audio Settings

Set Event Filter Set Event Filter Confirm Configures the reporting level of the command interface

Get Event Filter Get Event Filter Confirm Get the status of the reporting level

Read RSSI Read RSSI Confirm Returns an indicator for the incoming signal strength

Change UART Speed Change UART Speed Confirm Set specific UART speed; needs proper ISEL pin setting

Change UART Settings Change UART Settings Confirm Change configuration for parity and stop bits

Test Mode Test Mode Confirm Enable Bluetooth, EMI test, or local loopback

Restore Factory Settings Restore Factory Settings Confirm

Reset Dongle Ready Soft reset

Firmware Upgrade Stops the bluetooth firmware and executes the In-system-

programming code

Set Clock Frequency Set Clock Frequency Confirm Write Clock Frequency setting in the NVS

Get Clock Frequency Get Clock Frequency Confirm Read Clock Frequency setting from the NVS

Set PCM Slave Configuration Set PCM Slave Configuration Confirm Write the PCM Slave Configuration in the NVS

Write ROM Patch Write ROM Patch Confirm Store ROM Patch in the Simply Blue module

Read Memory Read Memory Confirm Read from the internal RAM

Write Memory Write Memory Confirm Write to the internal RAM

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LMX9838

Command Event Description

Read NVS Read NVS Confirm Read from the NVS (EEPROM)

Write NVS Write NVS Confirm Write to the NVS (EEPROM)

TABLE 26. Initialization Commands

Command Event Description

Set Clock and Baudrate Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used

Enter Bluetooth Mode Enter Bluetooth Mode Confirm Request SimplyBlue module to enter BT mode

Set Clock and Baudrate Set Clock and Baudrate Confirm Write Baseband frequency and Baudrate used

TABLE 27. GPIO Control Commands

Command Event Description

Set GPIO WPU Set GPIO WPU Confirm Enable/Disable weak pull up resistor on GPIOs

Get GPIO Input State Get GPIO Input States Confirm Read the status of the GPIOs

Set GPIO Direction Set GPIO Direction Confirm Set the GPIOs direction (Input, Ouput)

Set GPIO Output High Set GPIO Output High Confirm Set GPIOs Output to logical High

Set GPIO Output Low Set GPIO Output Low Confirm Set GPIOs Output to logical Low

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LMX9838

17.0 Application Notes

The different possibilities to power supply the LMX9838 de-

pend on the IO interface logic level.

Figure 9 represents an example of system functional

schematic for the LMX9838 using a 3.0V to 3.3V IO interface.

Figure 10 represents an example of system functional

schematic for the LMX9838 using a 2.5V to 3.0V IO interface.

Figure 11 represents an example of system functional

schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V to 2.5V IO interface.

Figure 12 represents an example of system functional

schematic for the LMX9838 using a 1.8V IO interface.

17.1 FILTERED POWER SUPPLY

It is important to provide the LMX9838 with adequate ground

planes and a filtered power supply. It is highly recommended

that a 2.2 μF and a 100 nF bypass capacitor be placed as

close as possible to the power supply pins VCC, MVCC, and

VCC_IO.

17.2 FREQUENCY AND BAUDRATE SELECTION

OP3, OP4, OP5 can be strapped to the host logic 0 and 1

levels to set the host interface boot-up configuration. Alterna-

tively all OP3, OP4, OP5 can be hardwired over 1k Ohm

pullup/pulldown resistors. See Table 7.

30027908

Notes:

Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.

FIGURE 9. 3.0V to 3.3V Example Functional System Schematic

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LMX9838

30027909

Notes:

Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.

MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions.

FIGURE 10. 2.5V to 3.0V Example Functional System Schematic

30027910

Notes:

Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.

MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions.

FIGURE 11. 1.8V to 2.5V Example Functional System Schematic

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LMX9838

30027911

Notes:

Capacitor values C1 and C2 may vary depending on design and crystal manufacturer specification.

MVCC can be connected to 3.0V and above in this configuration. Please see Recommended Operating Conditions.

FIGURE 12. 1.8V Example Functional System Schematic

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LMX9838

18.0 Evaluation Design

30027915

FIGURE 13.

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LMX9838

19.0 Soldering

The LMX9838 bumps are designed to melt as part of the Sur-

face Mount Assembly (SMA) process. In order to ensure

reflow of all solder bumps and maximum solder joint reliability

while minimizing damage to the package, recommended re-

flow profiles should be used.

Table 28, Table 29 and Figure 14 provide the soldering details

required to properly solder the LMX9838 to standard PCBs.

The illustration serves only as a guide and National is not li-

able if a selected profile does not work.

See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004 for more informa-

tion.

TABLE 28. Soldering Details

Parameter Value

PCB Land Pad Diameter 13 mil

PCB Solder Mask Opening 19 mil

PCB Finish (HASL details) Defined by customer or manufacturing facility

Stencil Aperture 17 mil

Stencil Thickness 5 mil

Solder Paste Used Defined by customer or manufacturing facility

Flux Cleaning Process Defined by customer or manufacturing facility

Reflow Profiles See Figure 14

TABLE 29. Classification Reflow Profiles (Note 27), (Note 28)

Profile Feature NOPB Assembly

Average Ramp-Up Rate (TsMAX to Tp) 3°C/second maximum

Preheat:

Temperature Min (TsMIN)

Temperature Max (TsMAX)

Time (tsMIN to tsMAX)

150°C

200°C

60 – 180 seconds

Time maintained above:

Temperature (TL)

Time (tL)

217°C

60 – 150 seconds

Peak/Classification Temperature (Tp) 250 + 0°C

Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature (tp) 20 – 40 seconds

Ramp-Down Rate 6°C/second maximum

Time 25 °C to Peak Temperature 8 minutes maximum

Reflow Profiles See Figure 14

Note 27: See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, July 2004.

Note 28: All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the package body surface.

30027912

FIGURE 14. Typical Reflow Profiles

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LMX9838

20.0 Regulatory Compliance

The LMX9838 has been tested and approved to be compliant

to the following regulatory standards:

CE Compliance:

•EN 300 328 v1.7.1

•EN 301 489-17 v1.2.1

IC Compliance:

•RSS-GEN Issue 1

•RSS-210 Issue 7 Annex 8 and RSS-GEN issue 2

FCC Compliance:

•FCC Part 15 Subpart C

20.1 FCC INSTRUCTIONS

20.1.1 Safety Information For Rf Exposure

20.1.1.1 FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:

This module may only be installed by the OEM or an OEM

integrator. The antenna used for this transmitter must not be

co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna

or transmitter. OEM integrators and End-users and installers

must be provided with antenna installation instructions and

transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure

compliance.

Only the antenna filed under FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 can be

used with this device.

20.1.1.2 End Product Labeling

FCC ID label on the final system must be labeled with “Con-

tains TX FCC ID: ED9LMX9838 “or “Contains transmitter

module FCC ID: ED9LMX9838”.

IC label on the final system must be labeled with “Contains

TX IC: 1520A-LMX9838” or “Contains transmitter module IC:

1520A-LMX9838”.

20.1.1.3 End Product Manual Information

In the user manual, final system integrator must ensure that

there is no instruction provided in the user manual to install

or remove the transmitter module.

LMX9838SB must be installed and used in strict accordance

with the manufacturer’s instructions as described in the user

documentation that comes with the product.

The following information is required to be incorporated in the

user manual of final system.

USA-Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the

limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC

Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable pro-

tection against harmful interference in a residential installa-

tion. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio

frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with

the instructions, it may cause harmful interference to radio

communications. However, there is no guarantee that inter-

ference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or

television reception, which can be determined by tuning the

equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and cor-

rect the interference by one or more of the following mea-

sures:

•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

•Increase the distance between the equipment and the

receiver.

•Connect the equipment to outlet on a circuit different from

that to which the receiver is connected.

•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician

for help.

Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the

party responsible for compliance could void the user’s au-

thority to operate the equipment.

Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation.

This device must not be co-located or operating in conjunction

with any other antenna or transmitter.

Canada – Industry Canada (IC)

This device complies with RSS 210 of Industry Canada.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference, including inter-

ference that may cause undesired operation of this device.”

L ‘ utilisation de ce dispositif est autorisée seulement aux

conditions suivantes :

(1) il ne doit pas produire d’interference et

(2) l’ utilisateur du dispositif doit étre pr?t ? accepter toute

interference radioélectrique reçu, m?me si celle-ci est sus-

ceptible de compromettre le fonctionnement du dispositif.

Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation.

The installer of this radio equipment must ensure that the an-

tenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit RF field

in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population;

consult Safety Code 6, obtainable from Health Canada’s web-

site www.hc-sc.gc.ca/rpb.

www.national.com 28

LMX9838

21.0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

NS Package Number SB70A

29 www.national.com

LMX9838

Notes

LMX9838 Bluetooth Serial Port Module

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