M24512-DRE 512-Kbit serial IC bus EEPROM - 105C operation Datasheet - production data Features * Compatible with all I2C bus modes - 1 MHz - 400 kHz - 100 kHz TSSOP8 (DW) 169 mil width * Memory array - 512 Kbits (64 Kbytes) of EEPROM - Page size: 128 bytes - Additional Write lockable page (Identification page) * Extended temperature and voltage range - -40 C to 105 C; 1.7 V to 5.5 V * Schmitt trigger inputs for noise filtering SO8 (MN) 150 mil width * Short Write cycle time - Byte Write within 4 ms - Page Write within 4 ms * Write cycle endurance - 4 million Write cycles at 25 C - 1.2 million Write cycles at 85 C - 900 k Write cycles at 105 C WFDFPN8 (MF) DFN8 - 2 x 3 mm * Data retention - more than 50 years at 105 C - 200 years at 55 C * ESD Protection (Human Body Model) - 4000 V * Packages - RoHS compliant and halogen-free (ECOPACK2(R)) January 2017 This is information on a product in full production. DocID027240 Rev 2 1/42 www.st.com Contents M24512-DRE Contents 1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Signal description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 4 2.1 Serial Clock (SCL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Serial Data (SDA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Chip Enable (E2, E1, E0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 Write Control (WC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.5 VSS (ground) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.6 Supply voltage (VCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Device operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1 Start condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.2 Stop condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.4 Acknowledge bit (ACK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.5 Device addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.6 Identification page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.1 4.2 2/42 Write operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.1.1 Byte Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.1.2 Page Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.1.3 Write Identification Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.1.4 Lock Identification Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.1.5 Minimizing Write delays by polling on ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Read operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2.1 Random Address Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2.2 Current Address Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.2.3 Sequential Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.2.4 Read Identification Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.2.5 Read the lock status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.2.6 Acknowledge in Read mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 5 Contents Application design recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1 5.2 Supply voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.1 Operating supply voltage (VCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.2 Power-up conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.3 Power-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Cycling with Error Correction Code (ECC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6 Delivery state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7 Maximum rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8 DC and AC parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.1 TSSOP8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.2 SO8N package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9.3 WFDFPN8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 10 Part numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 11 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 DocID027240 Rev 2 3/42 List of tables M24512-DRE List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. 4/42 Signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Device select code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Significant address bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Device identification code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Cycling performance by groups of four bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Operating conditions (voltage range R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 AC measurement conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Input parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 DC characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 400 kHz AC characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1 MHz AC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 TSSOP8 - 8-lead thin shrink small outline, 3 x 6.4 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 SO8N - 8-lead 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 WFDFPN8 (MLP8) - 8-lead, 2 x 3 mm, 0.5 mm pitch very very thin fine pitch dual flat package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE List of figures List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Logic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8-pin package connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Device select code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 I2C bus protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Write mode sequences with WC = 0 (data write enabled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Write mode sequences with WC = 1 (data write inhibited) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Write cycle polling flowchart using ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Read mode sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 AC measurement I/O waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Maximum Rbus value versus bus parasitic capacitance (Cbus) for an I2C bus at maximum frequency fC = 400 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Maximum Rbus value versus bus parasitic capacitance Cbus) for an I2C bus at maximum frequency fC = 1MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 AC waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 TSSOP8 - 8-lead thin shrink small outline, 3 x 6.4 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, package outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 SO8N - 8-lead, 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package outline . 35 SO8N - 8-lead 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package recommended footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 WFDFPN8 (MLP8) - 8-lead, 2 x 3 mm, 0.5 mm pitch very very thin fine pitch dual flat package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 DocID027240 Rev 2 5/42 Description 1 M24512-DRE Description The M24512-DRE is a 512-Kbit serial EEPROM device operating up to 105 C. The M24512-DRE is compliant with the level of reliability defined by the AEC-Q100 grade 2. The device is accessed by a simple serial I2C compatible interface running up to 1 MHz. The memory array is based on advanced true EEPROM technology (electrically erasable programmable memory). The M24512-DRE is a byte-alterable memory (64 K x 8 bits) organized as 512 pages of 128 bytes in which the data integrity is significantly improved with an embedded Error Correction Code logic. The M24512-DRE offers an additional Identification Page (128 bytes) in which the ST device identification can be read. This page can also be used to store sensitive application parameters which can be later permanently locked in read-only mode. Figure 1. Logic diagram 7# % % (IGH VOLTAGE GENERATOR #ONTROL LOGIC 3#, 3$! )/ SHIFT REGISTER $ATA REGISTER 9 DECODER !DDRESS REGISTER AND COUNTER PAGE )DENTIFICATION PAGE 8 DECODER -36 6/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE Description Table 1. Signal names Signal name Function Direction E2, E1, E0 Chip enable Input SDA Serial Data I/O SCL Serial Clock Input WC Write Control Input VCC Supply voltage - VSS Ground - Figure 2. 8-pin package connection ( 9&& ( :& ( 6&/ 966 6'$ $,I 1. See Section 9: Package mechanical data for package dimensions, and how to identify pin 1. DocID027240 Rev 2 7/42 Signal description M24512-DRE 2 Signal description 2.1 Serial Clock (SCL) The signal applied on this input is used to strobe the data available on SDA(in) and to output the data on SDA(out). 2.2 Serial Data (SDA) SDA is an input/output used to transfer data in or out of the device. SDA(out) is an open drain output that may be wire-OR'ed with other open drain or open collector signals on the bus. A pull up resistor must be connected between SDA and VCC (Figure 10 and Figure 11 indicate how to calculate the value of the pull-up resistor). 2.3 Chip Enable (E2, E1, E0) (E2,E1,E0) input signals are used to set the value that is to be looked for on the three least significant bits (b3, b2, b1) of the 7-bit device select code (see Table 2). These inputs must be tied to VCC or VSS, as shown in Figure 3. When not connected (left floating), these inputs are read as low (0). Figure 3. Device select code 6## 6## -XXX -XXX %I %I 633 633 !I 2.4 Write Control (WC) This input signal is useful for protecting the entire contents of the memory from inadvertent write operations. Write operations are disabled to the entire memory array when Write Control (WC) is driven high. Write operations are enabled when Write Control (WC) is either driven low or left floating. When Write Control (WC) is driven high, device select and address bytes are acknowledged, Data bytes are not acknowledged. 8/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 2.5 Signal description VSS (ground) VSS is the reference for the VCC supply voltage. 2.6 Supply voltage (VCC) VCC is the supply voltage pin. DocID027240 Rev 2 9/42 Device operation 3 M24512-DRE Device operation The device supports the I2C protocol (see Figure 4). The I2C bus is controlled by the bus master and the device is always a slave in all communications. The device (bus master or a slave) that sends data on to the bus is defined as a transmitter; the device (bus master or a slave) is defined as a receiver when reading the data. Figure 4. I2C bus protocol 3#, 3$! 3$! )NPUT 34!24 #ONDITION 3#, 3$! -3" 3$! #HANGE 34/0 #ONDITION !#+ 34!24 #ONDITION 3#, 3$! -3" !#+ 34/0 #ONDITION !)" 10/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 3.1 Device operation Start condition Start is identified by a falling edge of Serial Data (SDA) while Serial Clock (SCL) is stable in the high state. A Start condition must precede any data transfer instruction. The device continuously monitors (except during a Write cycle) Serial Data (SDA) and Serial Clock (SCL) for a Start condition. 3.2 Stop condition Stop is identified by a rising edge of Serial Data (SDA) while Serial Clock (SCL) is stable and driven high. A Stop condition terminates communication between the device and the bus master. A Stop condition at the end of a Write instruction triggers the internal Write cycle. 3.3 Data input During data input, the device samples Serial Data (SDA) on the rising edge of Serial Clock (SCL). For correct device operation, Serial Data (SDA) must be stable during the rising edge of Serial Clock (SCL), and the Serial Data (SDA) signal must change only when Serial Clock (SCL) is driven low. 3.4 Acknowledge bit (ACK) The acknowledge bit is used to indicate a successful byte transfer. The bus transmitter, whether it be bus master or slave device, releases Serial Data (SDA) after sending eight bits of data. During the 9th clock pulse period, the receiver pulls Serial Data (SDA) low to acknowledge the receipt of the eight data bits. DocID027240 Rev 2 11/42 Device operation 3.5 M24512-DRE Device addressing To start communication between the bus master and the slave device, the bus master must initiate a Start condition. Following this, the bus master sends the device select code, as shown in Table 2. The device select code consists of a 4-bit device type identifier and a 3-bit Chip Enable address (E2, E1, E0). A device select code handling any value other than 1010b (to select the memory) or 1011b (to select the Identification page) is not acknowledged by the memory device. Up to eight memory devices can be connected on a single I2C bus. Each one is given a unique 3-bit code on the Chip Enable (E2, E1, E0) inputs. When the device select code is received, the memory device only responds if the Chip Enable Address is the same as the value decoded on the E2, E1, E0 inputs. The 8th bit is the Read/Write bit (RW). This bit is set to 1 for Read and 0 for Write operations. Table 2. Device select code Device type identifier(1) Chip Enable address(2) RW b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 When accessing the memory 1 0 1 0 E2 E1 E0 RW When accessing the Identification page 1 0 1 1 E2 E1 E0 RW 1. The most significant bit, b7, is sent first. 2. E0, E1 and E2 bits are compared with the value read on input pins E0,E1,E2. If a match occurs on the device select code, the corresponding memory device gives an acknowledgment on Serial Data (SDA) during the 9th bit time. If the memory device does not match the device select code, it deselects itself from the bus, and goes into Standby mode. Once the memory device has acknowledged the device select code (Table 2), the memory device waits for the master to send two address bytes (most significant address byte sent first, followed by the least significant address byte (Table 3). The memory device responds to each address byte with an acknowledge bit. 12/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE Device operation Address byte Most significant address bits Table 3. Significant address bits Note: Memory Identification page (Device type identifier = 1010b) (Device type identifier = 1011b) Write Lock Read Identification Identification Identification page page page Random Address Read Write b15 A15 A15 X X X X b14 A14 A14 X X X X b13 A13 A13 X X X X b12 A12 A12 X X X X b11 A11 A11 X X X X b10 A10 A10 X 0 1 0 b9 A9 A9 X X X X b8 A8 A8 X X X X b7 A7 A7 X X X X b6 A6 A6 A6 A6 X X b5 A5 A5 A5 A5 X X b4 A4 A4 A4 A4 X X b3 A3 A3 A3 A3 X X b2 A2 A2 A2 A2 X X b1 A1 A1 A1 A1 X X b0 A0 A0 A0 A0 X X Read lock status A: significant address bit. X: bit is Don't Care. DocID027240 Rev 2 13/42 Device operation 3.6 M24512-DRE Identification page The M24512-DRE offers an Identification Page (128 bytes) in addition to the 512-Kbit memory. The Identification page contains two fields: Note: * Device identification code: the first three bytes are programmed by STMicroelectronics with the Device identification code, as shown in Table 4. * Application parameters: the bytes after the Device identification code are available for application specific data. If the end application does not need to read the Device identification code, this field can be overwritten and used to store application-specific data. Once the application-specific data are written in the Identification page, the whole Identification page should be permanently locked in Read-only mode. The instructions Read, Write and Lock Identification Page are detailed in Section 4: Instructions. Table 4. Device identification code Address in Identification page 00h 14/42 Content ST manufacturer code 2C family code 01h I 02h Memory density code DocID027240 Rev 2 Value 20h E0h 10h (512-Kbit) M24512-DRE 4 Instructions 4.1 Write operations Instructions For a Write operation, the bus master sends a Start condition followed by a device select code with the R/W bit reset to 0. The device acknowledges this, as shown in Figure 5, and waits for the master to send two address bytes (most significant address byte sent first, followed by the least significant address byte (Table 3). The device responds to each address byte with an acknowledge bit, and then waits for the data byte. When the bus master generates a Stop condition immediately after a data byte Ack bit (in the "10th bit" time slot), either at the end of a Byte Write or a Page Write, the internal Write cycle tW is then triggered. A Stop condition at any other time slot does not trigger the internal Write cycle. During the internal Write cycle, Serial Data (SDA) is disabled internally, and the device does not respond to any requests. After the successful completion of an internal Write cycle (tW), the device internal address counter is automatically incremented to point to the next byte after the last modified byte. If the Write Control input (WC) is driven High, the Write instruction is not executed and the accompanying data bytes are not acknowledged, as shown in Figure 6. DocID027240 Rev 2 15/42 Instructions 4.1.1 M24512-DRE Byte Write After the device select code and the address bytes, the bus master sends one data byte. If the addressed location is Write-protected, by Write Control (WC) being driven high, the device replies with NoAck, and the location is not modified (see Figure 6). If, instead, the addressed location is not Write-protected, the device replies with Ack. The bus master terminates the transfer by generating a Stop condition, as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. Write mode sequences with WC = 0 (data write enabled) 7# !#+ !#+ "YTE ADDR "YTE ADDR !#+ $ATA IN 3TOP $EV SEL 3TART "YTE 7RITE !#+ 27 7# !#+ "YTE ADDR $EV SEL 3TART 0AGE 7RITE !#+ !#+ "YTE ADDR !#+ $ATA IN $ATA IN 27 7# CONTgD !#+ $ATA IN . 3TOP 0AGE 7RITE CONTgD !#+ 16/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 !)D M24512-DRE 4.1.2 Instructions Page Write The Page Write mode allows up to N(1) bytes to be written in a single Write cycle, provided that they are all located in the same page in the memory: that is, the most significant memory address bits, A15/A7, are the same. If more bytes are sent than will fit up to the end of the page, a condition known as "roll-over" occurs. In case of roll-over, the first bytes of the page are overwritten. Note: The bus master sends from 1 to N(1) bytes of data, each of which is acknowledged by the device if Write Control (WC) is low. If Write Control (WC) is high, the contents of the addressed memory location are not modified, and each data byte received by the device is not acknowledged, as shown in Figure 6. After each byte is transferred, the internal byte address counter is incremented. The transfer is terminated by the bus master generating a Stop condition. Figure 6. Write mode sequences with WC = 1 (data write inhibited) 7# !#+ "YTE ADDR !#+ "YTE ADDR ./ !#+ $ATA IN 3TOP $EV SEL 3TART "YTE 7RITE !#+ 27 7# !#+ $EV SEL 3TART 0AGE 7RITE !#+ "YTE ADDR !#+ "YTE ADDR ./ !#+ $ATA IN $ATA IN 27 7# CONTgD ./ !#+ $ATA IN . 3TOP 0AGE 7RITE CONTgD ./ !#+ !)D 1. N is the number of bytes in a page. DocID027240 Rev 2 17/42 Instructions 4.1.3 M24512-DRE Write Identification Page The Identification Page (128 bytes) is an additional page which can be written and (later) permanently locked in Read-only mode. It is written by issuing the Write Identification Page instruction. This instruction uses the same protocol and format as Page Write (into memory array), except for the following differences: * Device type identifier = 1011b * Most significant address bits A15/A7 are don't care, except for address bit A10 which must be "0". Least significant address bits A6/A0 define the byte location inside the Identification page. If the Identification page is locked, the data bytes transferred during the Write Identification Page instruction are not acknowledged (NoAck). 4.1.4 Lock Identification Page The Lock Identification Page instruction (Lock ID) permanently locks the Identification page in Read-only mode. The Lock ID instruction is similar to Byte Write (into memory array) with the following specific conditions: 18/42 * Device type identifier = 1011b * Address bit A10 must be `1'; all other address bits are don't care * The data byte must be equal to the binary value xxxx xx1x, where x is don't care DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 4.1.5 Instructions Minimizing Write delays by polling on ACK The maximum Write time (tw) is shown in AC characteristics tables in Section 8: DC and AC parameters, but the typical time is shorter. To make use of this, a polling sequence can be used by the bus master. The sequence, as shown in Figure 7, is: * Initial condition: a Write cycle is in progress. * Step 1: the bus master issues a Start condition followed by a device select code (the first byte of the new instruction). * Step 2: if the device is busy with the internal Write cycle, no Ack will be returned and the bus master goes back to Step 1. If the device has terminated the internal Write cycle, it responds with an Ack, indicating that the device is ready to receive the second part of the instruction (the first byte of this instruction having been sent during Step 1). Figure 7. Write cycle polling flowchart using ACK :ULWHF\FOH LQSURJUHVV 6WDUWFRQGLWLRQ 'HYLFHVHOHFW ZLWK5: 12 $&. UHWXUQHG <(6 )LUVWE\WHRILQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK5: DOUHDG\ GHFRGHGE\WKHGHYLFH 12 1H[W 2SHUDWLRQLV DGGUHVVLQJWKH PHPRU\ <(6 6HQG$GGUHVV DQG5HFHLYH$&. 5H6WDUW 12 6WRS 'DWDIRUWKH :ULWHRSHUDWLRQ &RQWLQXHWKH :ULWHRSHUDWLRQ 6WDUW&RQGLWLRQ <(6 'HYLFHVHOHFW ZLWK5: &RQWLQXHWKH 5DQGRP5HDGRSHUDWLRQ $,H DocID027240 Rev 2 19/42 Instructions 4.2 M24512-DRE Read operations Read operations are performed independently of the state of the Write Control (WC) signal. After the successful completion of a Read operation, the device internal address counter is incremented by one, to point to the next byte address. Figure 8. Read mode sequences $&. 12$&. &XUUHQW$GGUHVV5HDG 'DWDRXW 6WRS 6WDUW 'HYVHO 5: $&. $&. $&. $&. 12$&. 5DQGRP$GGUHVV5HDG %\WHDGGU 'HYVHO 5: $&. $&. $&. 'DWDRXW 6WRS %\WHDGGU 6WDUW 6WDUW 'HYVHO 5: 12$&. 6HTXHQWLDO&XUUHQW5HDG 'DWDRXW 'DWDRXW1 6WRS 6WDUW 'HYVHO 5: $&. $&. $&. $&. $&. 6HTXHQWLDO5DQGRP5HDG %\WHDGGU 5: $&. %\WHDGGU 'HYVHO 6WDUW 6WDUW 'HYVHO 'DWDRXW 5: 12$&. 6WRS 'DWDRXW1 4.2.1 $,H Random Address Read The Random Address Read is a sequence composed of a truncated Write sequence (to define a new address pointer value, see Table 3) followed by a current Read. The Random Address Read sequence is therefore the sum of [Start + Device Select code with R/W=0 + two address bytes] (without Stop condition, as shown in Figure 8) and [Start condition + Device Select code with R/W=1]. The memory device acknowledges the sequence and then outputs the contents of the addressed byte. To terminate the data transfer, the bus master does not acknowledge the last data byte and then issues a Stop condition. 20/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 4.2.2 Instructions Current Address Read For the Current Address Read operation, following a Start condition, the bus master only sends a device select code with the R/W bit set to 1. The device acknowledges this, and outputs the byte pointed by the internal address counter. The counter is then incremented. The bus master terminates the transfer with a Stop condition, as shown in Figure 8, without acknowledging the byte. Note that the address counter value is defined by instructions accessing either the memory or the Identification page. When accessing the Identification page, the address counter value is loaded with the Identification page byte location, when accessing the memory, it is safer to always use the Random Address Read instruction (this instruction loads the address counter with the byte location to read in the memory) instead of the Current Address Read instruction. 4.2.3 Sequential Read A sequential Read can be used after a Current Address Read or a Random Address Read. After a Read instruction, the device can continue to output the next byte(s) in sequence if the bus master sends additional clock pulses and if the bus master does acknowledge each transmitted data byte. To terminate the stream of bytes, the bus master must not acknowledge the last byte, and must generate a Stop condition, as shown in Figure 8. The sequential read is controlled with the device internal address counter which is automatically incremented after each byte output. After the last memory address, the address counter "rolls-over", and the device continues to output data from memory address 00h. 4.2.4 Read Identification Page The Identification Page can be read by issuing a Read Identification Page instruction. This instruction uses the same protocol and format as the Random Address Read (from memory array) with device type identifier defined as 1011b. The most significant address bits A15/A7 are don't care and the least significant address bits A6/A0 define the byte location inside the Identification page. The number of bytes to read in the ID page must not exceed the page boundary. 4.2.5 Read the lock status The locked/unlocked status of the Identification page can be checked by transmitting a specific truncated command [Identification Page Write instruction + one data byte] to the device. The device returns an acknowledge bit after the data byte if the Identification page is unlocked, otherwise a NoAck bit if the Identification page is locked. Right after this, it is recommended to transmit to the device a Start condition followed by a Stop condition, so that: * Start: the truncated command is not executed because the Start condition resets the device internal logic, * Stop: the device is then set back into Standby mode by the Stop condition. DocID027240 Rev 2 21/42 Instructions 4.2.6 M24512-DRE Acknowledge in Read mode For all Read instructions, the device waits, after each byte sent out, for an acknowledgment during the "9th bit" time. If the bus master does not send the Acknowledge (the master drives SDA high during the 9th bit time), the device terminates the data transfer and enters its Standby mode. 22/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE Application design recommendations 5 Application design recommendations 5.1 Supply voltage 5.1.1 Operating supply voltage (VCC) Prior to selecting the memory and issuing instructions to it, a valid and stable VCC voltage within the specified [VCC(min), VCC(max)] range must be applied (see Table 7). This voltage must remain stable and valid until the end of the transmission of the instruction and, for a Write instruction, until the completion of the internal Write cycle (tW). In order to secure a stable DC supply voltage, it is recommended to decouple the VCC line with a suitable capacitor (usually of the order of 10 nF to 100 nF) close to the VCC/VSS package pins. 5.1.2 Power-up conditions When the power supply is turned on, the VCC voltage has to rise continuously from 0 V up to the minimum VCC operating voltage defined in Table 7. In order to prevent inadvertent write operations during power-up, a power-on-reset (POR) circuit is included. At power-up, the device does not respond to any instruction until VCC reaches the internal threshold voltage (this threshold is defined in the DC characteristic Table 10 as VRES). When VCC passes over the POR threshold, the device is reset and in the following state: * in the Standby power mode * deselected As soon as the VCC voltage has reached a stable value within the [VCC(min), VCC(max)] range (defined in Table 7), the device is ready for operation. 5.1.3 Power-down During power-down (continuous decrease in the VCC supply voltage below the minimum VCC operating voltage defined in Table 7), the device must be in Standby power mode (that is after a STOP condition or after the completion of the Write cycle tW if an internal Write cycle is in progress). DocID027240 Rev 2 23/42 Application design recommendations 5.2 M24512-DRE Cycling with Error Correction Code (ECC) The error correction code (ECC) is an internal logic function which is transparent for the I2C communication protocol. The ECC logic is implemented on each group of four EEPROM bytes (1). Inside a group, if a single bit out of the four bytes happens to be erroneous during a Read operation, the ECC detects this bit and replaces it with the correct value. The read reliability is therefore much improved. Even if the ECC function is performed on groups of four bytes, a single byte can be written/cycled independently. In this case, the ECC function also writes/cycles the three other bytes located in the same group(1). As a consequence, the maximum cycling budget is defined at group level and the cycling can be distributed over the 4 bytes of the group: the sum of the cycles seen by byte0, byte1, byte2 and byte3 of the same group must remain below the maximum value defined in Table 6. Example 1: maximum cycling limit reached with 1 million cycles per byte Each byte of a group can be equally cycled 1 million times (at 25 C) so that the group cycling budget is 4 million cycles. Example 2: maximum cycling limit reached with unequal byte cycling Inside a group, byte0 can be cycled 2 million times, byte1 can be cycled 1 million times, byte2 and byte3 can be cycled 500,000 times, so that the group cycling budget is 4 million cycles. 1. A group of four bytes is located at addresses [4*N, 4*N+1, 4*N+2, 4*N+3], where N is an integer 24/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 6 Delivery state Delivery state The device is delivered as follows: * The memory array is set to all 1s (each byte = FFh). * Identification page: the first three bytes define the Device identification code (value defined in Table 4). The content of the following bytes is Don't Care. DocID027240 Rev 2 25/42 Maximum rating 7 M24512-DRE Maximum rating Stressing the device outside the ratings listed in Table 5 may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and operation of the device at these, or any other conditions outside those indicated in the operating sections of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 5. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol TSTG TLEAD Parameter Min. Max. Unit Ambient operating temperature -40 130 C Storage temperature -65 150 C (1) C -0.50 6.5 V - 5 mA -0.50 6.5 V - 4000 V Lead temperature during soldering VIO Input or output range IOL DC output current (SDA = 0) VCC Supply voltage VESD Electrostatic pulse (Human Body model)(2) see note 1. Compliant with JEDEC Std J-STD-020D (for small body, Sn-Pb or Pb-free assembly), the ST ECOPACK(R) 7191395 specification, and the European directive on Restrictions on Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive 2011/65/EU of July 2011). 2. Positive and negative pulses applied on pin pairs, according to AEC-Q100-002 (compliant with ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2012, C1=100 pF, R1=1500 , R2=500 ). 26/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 8 DC and AC parameters DC and AC parameters This section summarizes the operating and measurement conditions, and the DC and AC characteristics of the device. Table 6. Cycling performance by groups of four bytes Symbol Ncycle Parameter Test condition Write cycle endurance(1) Min. Max. TA 25 C, 1.7 V < VCC < 5.5 V - 4,000,000 TA = 85 C, 1.7 V < VCC < 5.5 V - 1,200,000 TA = 105 C, 1.7 V < VCC < 5.5 V - 900,000 Unit Write cycle(2) 1. The Write cycle endurance is defined for groups of four data bytes located at addresses [4*N, 4*N+1, 4*N+2, 4*N+3] where N is an integer, or for the status register byte (refer also to Section 5.2: Cycling with Error Correction Code (ECC)). The Write cycle endurance is defined by characterization and qualification. 2. A Write cycle is executed when either a Page Write, a Byte Write, a Write Identification Page or a Lock Identification Page instruction is decoded. When using those Write instructions, refer also to Section 5.2: Cycling with Error Correction Code (ECC). Table 7. Operating conditions (voltage range R) Symbol VCC TA Parameter Min. Max. Unit Supply voltage 1.7 5.5 V Ambient operating temperature -40 105 C Max. Unit Table 8. AC measurement conditions Symbol Cbus Parameter Min. Load capacitance 100 - pF - SCL input rise/fall time, SDA input fall time 50 ns - Input levels 0.2 VCC to 0.8 VCC V - Input and output timing reference levels 0.3 VCC to 0.7 VCC V Figure 9. AC measurement I/O waveform )NPUT VOLTAGE LEVELS 6## )NPUT AND OUTPUT 4IMING REFERENCE LEVELS 6## 6## 6## -36 DocID027240 Rev 2 27/42 DC and AC parameters M24512-DRE Table 9. Input parameters Symbol Parameter (1) Test condition Min. Max. Unit CIN Input capacitance (SDA) - - 8 pF CIN Input capacitance (other pins) - - 6 pF VIN < 0.3 VCC 30 - k VIN > 0.7 VCC 500 - k ZL ZH Input impedance (E2, E1, E0, WC)(2) 1. Characterized only, not tested in production. 2. E2, E1, E0 input impedance when the memory is selected (after a Start condition). 28/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE DC and AC parameters Table 10. DC characteristics Symbol Test conditions (in addition to those in Table 7 and Table 8) Parameter Min. Max. Unit ILI Input leakage current (SCL, SDA, Ei) VIN = VSS or VCC, device in Standby mode - 2 A ILO Output leakage current SDA in Hi-Z, external voltage applied on SDA: VSS or VCC - 2 A fC = 400 kHz, VCC = 5.5 V - 2 mA fC = 400 kHz, VCC = 2.5 V - 2 mA fC = 400 kHz, VCC = 1.7 V - 1 mA fC = 1 MHz, VCC = 5.5 V - 2 mA fC = 1 MHz, VCC = 2.5 V - 2 mA fC = 1 MHz, VCC = 1.7 V - 2 mA During tW - 2 mA Device not t = 85 C, VIN = VSS or VCC, VCC = 1.7 V - 1 Device not selected(1)(2), t = 85 C, VIN = VSS or VCC, VCC = 2.5 V - 2 Device not selected(1)(2), t = 85 C, VIN = VSS or VCC, VCC = 5.5 V - 3 Device not selected(1), t = 105 C, VIN = VSS or VCC, VCC = 1.7 V - 2.5 Device not selected(1), t = 105 C VIN = VSS or VCC, VCC = 2.5 V - 2.5 Device not selected(1), t = 105 C, VIN = VSS or VCC, VCC = 5.5 V - 5 -0.45 0.3 VCC V - 0.7 VCC 6.5 V - 0.7 VCC VCC +0.6 Supply current (Read) ICC ICC0 Supply current (Write) selected(1)(2), ICC1 Input low voltage (SCL, SDA, WC, Ei)(3) - VIL Input high voltage (SCL, SDA) VIH Input high voltage (WC, VOL VRES Standby supply current (2) Ei)(4) Output low voltage Internal reset threshold voltage A V IOL = 2.1 mA, VCC = 2.5 V or IOL = 3 mA, VCC = 5.5 V - 0.4 V IOL = 1 mA, VCC = 1.7 V - 0.3 V 0.5 1.5 V - 1. The device is not selected after power-up, after a Read instruction (after the Stop condition), or after the completion of the internal write cycle tW (tW is triggered by the correct decoding of a Write instruction). 2. Characterized only, not 100% tested. 3. Ei inputs should be tied to Vss (see Section 2.3). 4. Ei inputs should be tied to VCC (see Section 2.3). DocID027240 Rev 2 29/42 DC and AC parameters M24512-DRE Table 11. 400 kHz AC characteristics Parameter(1) Symbol Alt. fC fSCL Clock frequency tCHCL tHIGH tCLCH tQL1QL2 (2) tXH1XH2 Min. Max. Unit - 400 kHz Clock pulse width high 600 - ns tLOW Clock pulse width low 1300 - ns tF SDA (out) fall time (3) 20 120 ns Input signal rise time (4) (4) ns (4) (4) ns 100 - ns 0 - ns 100 - ns - 900 ns tR tXL1XL2 tF Input signal fall time tDXCH tSU:DAT Data in set up time tCLDX tHD:DAT Data in hold time tCLQX (5) tDH Data out hold time tCLQV (6) tAA Clock low to next data valid (access time) tCHDL tSU:STA Start condition setup time 600 - ns tDLCL tHD:STA Start condition hold time 600 - ns tCHDH tSU:STO Stop condition set up time 600 - ns tDHDL tBUF Time between Stop condition and next Start condition 1300 - ns tWLDL(2)(7) tSU:WC WC set up time (before the Start condition) 0 - s (2)(8) tHD:WC WC hold time (after the Stop condition) 1 - s Write time - 4 ms Pulse width ignored (input filter on SCL and SDA) - single glitch - 80 ns tDHWH tW tWR tNS(2) - 1. Test conditions (in addition to those in Table 7 and Table 8). 2. Characterized value, not tested in production. 3. With CL = 10 pF. 4. There is no min. or max. values for the input signal rise and fall times. It is however recommended by the IC specification that the input signal rise and fall times be more than 20 ns and less than 300 ns when fC < 400 kHz. 5. To avoid spurious Start and Stop conditions, a minimum delay is placed between SCL=1 and the falling or rising edge of SDA. 6. tCLQV is the time (from the falling edge of SCL) required by the SDA bus line to reach either 0.3VCC or 0.7VCC, assuming that Rbus x Cbus time constant is within the values specified in Figure 10. 7. WC=0 set up time condition to enable the execution of a WRITE command. 8. WC=0 hold time condition to enable the execution of a WRITE command. 30/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE DC and AC parameters Table 12. 1 MHz AC characteristics Parameter(1) Symbol Alt. fC fSCL Clock frequency tCHCL tHIGH tCLCH tXH1XH2 Min. Max. Unit 0 1 MHz Clock pulse width high 260 - ns tLOW Clock pulse width low 400 - ns tR Input signal rise time (2) (2) ns tF Input signal fall time (2) (2) ns tF SDA (out) fall time - 120 ns tDXCH tSU:DAT Data in setup time 50 - ns tCLDX tHD:DAT Data in hold time 0 - ns 100 - ns - 450 ns 250 - ns tXL1XL2 tQL1QL2 (3) tCLQX (4) tDH Data out hold time tCLQV (5) tAA Clock low to next data valid (access time) tCHDL tSU:STA Start condition setup time tDLCL tHD:STA Start condition hold time 250 - ns tCHDH tSU:STO Stop condition setup time 250 - ns tDHDL tBUF Time between Stop condition and next Start condition 500 - ns tWLDL(6)(3) tSU:WC WC set up time (before the Start condition) 0 - s (7)(3) tHD:WC WC hold time (after the Stop condition) 1 - s Write time - 4 ms Pulse width ignored (input filter on SCL and SDA) - 80 ns tDHWH tW tWR tNS (3) - 1. Test conditions (in addition to those in Table 7 and Table 8). 2. There is no min. or max. values for the input signal rise and fall times. However, it is recommended by the IC specification that the input signal rise and fall times be more than 20 ns and less than 120 ns when fC < 1 MHz. 3. Characterized only, not tested in production. 4. To avoid spurious Start and Stop conditions, a minimum delay is placed between SCL=1 and the falling or rising edge of SDA. 5. tCLQV is the time (from the falling edge of SCL) required by the SDA bus line to reach either 0.3 VCC or 0.7 VCC, assuming that the Rbus x Cbus time constant is within the values specified in Figure 11. 6. WC=0 set up time condition to enable the execution of a WRITE command. 7. WC=0 hold time condition to enable the execution of a WRITE command. DocID027240 Rev 2 31/42 DC and AC parameters M24512-DRE Figure 10. Maximum Rbus value versus bus parasitic capacitance (Cbus) for an I2C bus at maximum frequency fC = 400 kHz "US LINE PULL UP RESISTOR K K1/2 4HE 2 BUS X #BUS TIME CONSTANT MUST BE BELOW THE NS TIME CONSTANT LINE REPRESENTED ON THE LEFT 2 BU S # BU S (ERE 2BUS #BUS NS 6## 2BUS N S )# BUS MASTER 3#, -XXX 3$! P& "US LINE CAPACITOR P& #BUS AIB Figure 11. Maximum Rbus value versus bus parasitic capacitance Cbus) for an I2C bus at maximum frequency fC = 1MHz "US LINE PULL UP RESISTOR K 6## 4HE 2BUS #BUS TIME CONSTANT MUST BE BELOW THE NS TIME CONSTANT LINE REPRESENTED ON THE LEFT 2 BUS # BUS NS 2BUS )# BUS MASTER 3#, -XXX 3$! (ERE 2 BUS #BUS NS #BUS "US LINE CAPACITOR P& -36 32/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE DC and AC parameters Figure 12. AC waveforms ^ ZZ ^ ^Z ZZ ZZ y>y> y,y, ,> >, ^> >> y>y> ^/ ,> y,y, ^ / ^ y, >y ,, ,> t ,t, t>> ^Z ZZ ^ ZZ ^> ^/ t ,, ,> t ,> ^> >Ys ^K >Yy Y>Y> / DocID027240 Rev 2 33/42 Package mechanical data 9 M24512-DRE Package mechanical data In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK(R) packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK(R) specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK(R) is an ST trademark. 9.1 TSSOP8 package information Figure 13.TSSOP8 - 8-lead thin shrink small outline, 3 x 6.4 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, package outline > W > 76623$0B9 1. Drawing is not to scale. Table 13. TSSOP8 - 8-lead thin shrink small outline, 3 x 6.4 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, package mechanical data inches(1) millimeters Symbol 34/42 Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. A - - 1.200 - - 0.0472 A1 0.050 - 0.150 0.0020 - 0.0059 A2 0.800 1.000 1.050 0.0315 0.0394 0.0413 b 0.190 - 0.300 0.0075 - 0.0118 c 0.090 - 0.200 0.0035 - 0.0079 CP - - 0.100 - - 0.0039 D 2.900 3.000 3.100 0.1142 0.1181 0.1220 e - 0.650 - - 0.0256 - E 6.200 6.400 6.600 0.2441 0.2520 0.2598 E1 4.300 4.400 4.500 0.1693 0.1732 0.1772 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE Package mechanical data Table 13. TSSOP8 - 8-lead thin shrink small outline, 3 x 6.4 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, package mechanical data (continued) inches(1) millimeters Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. L 0.450 0.600 0.750 0.0177 0.0236 0.0295 L1 - 1.000 - - 0.0394 - 0 - 8 0 - 8 1. Values in inches are converted from mm and rounded to four decimal digits. 9.2 SO8N package information Figure 14. SO8N - 8-lead, 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package outline H X ! ! C CCC B E PP *$8*(3/$1( $ K % % ! , , 62$B9 1. Drawing is not to scale. Table 14. SO8N - 8-lead 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package mechanical data inches(1) millimeters Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. A - - 1.750 - - 0.0689 A1 0.100 - 0.250 0.0039 - 0.0098 A2 1.250 - - 0.0492 - - b 0.280 - 0.480 0.0110 - 0.0189 c 0.170 - 0.230 0.0067 - 0.0091 D 4.800 4.900 5.000 0.1890 0.1929 0.1969 E 5.800 6.000 6.200 0.2283 0.2362 0.2441 E1 3.800 3.900 4.000 0.1496 0.1535 0.1575 e - 1.270 - - 0.0500 - DocID027240 Rev 2 35/42 Package mechanical data M24512-DRE Table 14. SO8N - 8-lead 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package mechanical data (continued) inches(1) millimeters Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. h 0.250 - 0.500 0.0098 - 0.0197 k 0 - 8 0 - 8 L 0.400 - 1.270 0.0157 - 0.0500 L1 - 1.040 - - 0.0409 - ccc - - 0.100 - - 0.0039 1. Values in inches are converted from mm and rounded to four decimal digits. Figure 15. SO8N - 8-lead 4.9 x 6 mm, plastic small outline, 150 mils body width, package recommended footprint [ 2B)3B9 1. Dimensions are expressed in millimeters. 36/42 DocID027240 Rev 2 M24512-DRE 9.3 Package mechanical data WFDFPN8 package information Figure 16.WFDFPN8 (MLP8) - 8-lead, 2 x 3 mm, 0.5 mm pitch very very thin fine pitch dual flat package outline ' ' 'DWXP< H $ % ' 3LQ,'PDUNLQJ 3LQ ( ( ( 6HH= 'HWDLO [ . DDD # 1;E [ 1' [H DDD # 7RSYLHZ EEE - & $ % GGG - & %RWWRPYLHZ 'DWXP< FFF # HHH # $ 6HDWLQJSODQH & $ / / H 6LGHYLHZ / H 7HUPLQDOWLS 'HWDLO= $